Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics An Interactive Open Access Journal of the European Geosciences Union

www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net

Advisory Board Members Co-Editors John N. Crowley Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Paul J. Crutzen (Chairman) Jonathan Abbatt Mainz, Germany Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada [email protected] Mainz, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Joachim Curtius Ilse Aben Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Meinrat O. Andreae SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Frankfurt am Main, Germany Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands [email protected] Mainz, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Daniel J. Cziczo Markus Ammann Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Guy P. Brasseur Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland Richland, USA National Center for Atmospheric Research, [email protected] [email protected] Boulder, USA [email protected] Yves Balkanski Martin Dameris Laboratoire CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, LSCE/IPSL, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Daniel McKenna Gif-sur-Yvette, France [email protected] National Center for Atmospheric Research, [email protected] Boulder, USA Frank Dentener [email protected] Urs Baltensperger European Commission, Ispra, Italy Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland [email protected] Stuart A. Penkett [email protected] University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Neil M. Donahue [email protected] Timothy Bertram Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA University of California, San Diego, USA [email protected] Veerabdhadran Ramanathan [email protected] Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, La Jolla, USA Manvendra K. Dubey [email protected] Wolfram Birmili Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, [email protected] Leipzig, Germany Executive Editors [email protected] Bryan N. Duncan NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ulrich Pöschl (Chief-Executive Editor) Jan W. Bottenheim Greenbelt, USA Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada [email protected] Mainz, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Timothy J. Dunkerton Jørgen Brandt NorthWest Research Associates, Ken Carslaw National Environmental Research Institute, Redmond, USA University of Leeds, UK Roskilde, Denmark [email protected] [email protected] Ralf Ebinghaus Institute for Coastal Research, Thomas Koop Stefan Buehler Geesthacht, Germany Bielefeld University, Germany Lulea University of Technology, Kiruna, [email protected] [email protected] Sweden [email protected] Andreas Engel Rolf Sander Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, James B. Burkholder Mainz, Germany NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Barbara Ervens [email protected] Boulder, USA University of Colorado, Boulder, USA [email protected] William Thomas Sturges [email protected] University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Tim Butler Maria Cristina Facchini [email protected] Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Mainz, Germany Bologna, Italy

Chak K. Chan Graham Feingold Hong Kong University of Science and NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Technology, Hong Kong Boulder, USA European [email protected] [email protected]

Geosciences Ronald Cohen Federico Fierli University of California, Berkeley, USA National Research Council, Rome, Italy Union [email protected] [email protected] Qiang Fu Maria Kanakidou Bernhard Mayer University of Washington, Seattle, USA University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece Ludwig-Maximilians-University, [email protected] [email protected] Munich, Germany [email protected] Stefano Galmarini Thomas Karl Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy National Center for Atmospheric Research, Gordon McFiggans [email protected] Boulder, USA University of Manchester, UK [email protected] [email protected] Laurens Ganzeveld Wageningen University, Netherlands Veli-Matti Kerminen Robert McLaren Finnish Meteorological Institute, York University, Toronto, Canada Timothy Garrett Helsinki, Finland University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA [email protected] Craig McNeil [email protected] University of Washington, Seattle, USA Frank Keutsch [email protected] Alan Geer University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA European Centre for Medium-Range [email protected] V. Faye McNeill Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK Columbia University, New York, USA [email protected] Astrid Kiendler-Scharr [email protected] Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany Evangelos Gerasopoulos [email protected] Nikolaos Mihalopoulos National Observatory of Athens, Greece University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece [email protected] Thomas Kirchstetter [email protected] Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Christoph Gerbig Berkeley, USA Paul Monks Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, [email protected] University of Leicester, UK Jena, Germany [email protected] Silvia Kloster Alex B. Guenther Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Jennifer G. Murphy National Center for Atmospheric Research, Hamburg, Germany University of Toronto, Canada Boulder, USA [email protected] [email protected] Daniel Knopf Stony Brook University, USA Ottmar Möhler Martin Gysel [email protected] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany [email protected] Monika Kopacz [email protected] NOAA Climate Program Office, Robert Harley Silver Spring, USA Athanasios Nenes University of California, Berkeley, USA [email protected] Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA [email protected] [email protected] Radovan Krejci Neil Harris Stockholm University, Sweden Mathias Palm University of Cambridge, UK [email protected] University of Bremen, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Martina Krämer Peter Haynes Research Center Jülich, Germany Markus Petters University of Cambridge, UK [email protected] North Carolina State University, [email protected] Raleigh, USA Markku Kulmala [email protected] Martin Heimann University of Helsinki, Finland Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, [email protected] Andreas Petzold Jena, Germany Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany [email protected] Ari Laaksonen [email protected] University of Eastern Finland, Ellie Highwood Kuopio, Finland Tuukka Petäjä University of Reading, UK [email protected] University of Helsinki, Finland

Andreas Hofzumahaus William Lahoz Andre S. H. Prevot Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland [email protected] Kjeller, Norway [email protected] Rupert Holzinger [email protected] Alexander Pszenny Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Kari Lehtinen University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands Finnish Meteorological Institute and [email protected] [email protected] University of Kuopio, Finland Johannes Quaas Corinna Hoose [email protected] University of Leipzig, Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Franz-Josef Lübken [email protected] [email protected] Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Xavier Querol Kühlungsborn, Germany Patrick Jöckel Institute of Environmental Assessment and DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany [email protected] Water Research, Barcelona, Spain [email protected] Rob MacKenzie [email protected] University of Birmingham, UK Jan Kaiser Patricia Quinn University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK NOAA, Seattle, USA [email protected] [email protected] Claire Reeves Gabriele Stiller Paul O. Wennberg University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany California Institute of Technology, [email protected] [email protected] Pasadena, USA

Andreas Richter Andreas Stohl Heini Wernli University of Bremen, Germany Norwegian Institute for Air Research, ETH Zurich, Switzerland [email protected] Kjeller, Norway [email protected] [email protected] Nicole Riemer Jason West University of Illinois at Joel Thornton University of North Carolina, Urbana-Champaign, USA University of Washington, Seattle, USA Chapel Hill, USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Ilona Riipinen Holger Tost Jonathan Williams University of Helsinki, Finland Johannes Gutenberg University, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany Mainz, Germany Janne Rinne [email protected] [email protected] University of Helsinki, Finland [email protected] Ivonne Trebs Fangqun Yu Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, USA Greg Roberts Mainz, Germany [email protected] Scripps Institution of Oceanography, [email protected] La Jolla, USA [email protected] Michel Van Roozendael Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Yinon Rudich Brussels, Belgium Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel [email protected] [email protected] Geraint Vaughan Lynn M. Russell University of Manchester, UK Editorial Support UCSD, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, [email protected] La Jolla, USA Robert Vautard Natascha Töpfer Thomas Röckmann LSCE/IPSL, Laboratoire CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Gif sur Yvette, France Phone: +49-551-900339-40 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Harald Saathoff Elisabetta Vignati Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Joint Research Centre – European Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany Commission, Ispra, Italy [email protected] Publication Production Bernhard Vogel Michael Schulz Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Nadine Deisel Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany Phone: +49-551-900339-50 Oslo, Norway [email protected]

John H. Seinfeld Christiane Voigt [email protected] California Institute of Technology, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Pasadena, USA (DLR), Wessling, Germany [email protected] [email protected]

Drew Shindell Rainer Volkamer NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA New York, USA [email protected] [email protected] Thomas von Clarmann Chul Han Song Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Gwangju Institute of Science and [email protected] Technology, Republic of Korea [email protected] Thomas Wagner Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Dominick Spracklen Mainz, Germany Institute for Atmospheric Science, Leeds, UK [email protected]

Bjorn Stevens William Ward Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, University of New Brunswick, Hamburg, Germany Fredericton, Canada [email protected] [email protected]

Philip Stier Ernest Weingartner University of Oxford, UK Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland [email protected] [email protected]