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The German North Sea Ports' Absorption Into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914
From Unification to Integration: The German North Sea Ports' absorption into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914 Henning Kuhlmann Submitted for the award of Master of Philosophy in History Cardiff University 2016 Summary This thesis concentrates on the economic integration of three principal German North Sea ports – Emden, Bremen and Hamburg – into the Bismarckian nation- state. Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, Emden, Hamburg and Bremen handled a major share of the German Empire’s total overseas trade. However, at the time of the foundation of the Kaiserreich, the cities’ roles within the Empire and the new German nation-state were not yet fully defined. Initially, Hamburg and Bremen insisted upon their traditional role as independent city-states and remained outside the Empire’s customs union. Emden, meanwhile, had welcomed outright annexation by Prussia in 1866. After centuries of economic stagnation, the city had great difficulties competing with Hamburg and Bremen and was hoping for Prussian support. This thesis examines how it was possible to integrate these port cities on an economic and on an underlying level of civic mentalities and local identities. Existing studies have often overlooked the importance that Bismarck attributed to the cultural or indeed the ideological re-alignment of Hamburg and Bremen. Therefore, this study will look at the way the people of Hamburg and Bremen traditionally defined their (liberal) identity and the way this changed during the 1870s and 1880s. It will also investigate the role of the acquisition of colonies during the process of Hamburg and Bremen’s accession. In Hamburg in particular, the agreement to join the customs union had a significant impact on the merchants’ stance on colonialism. -
Landeszentrale Für Politische Bildung Baden-Württemberg, Director: Lothar Frick 6Th Fully Revised Edition, Stuttgart 2008
BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG A Portrait of the German Southwest 6th fully revised edition 2008 Publishing details Reinhold Weber and Iris Häuser (editors): Baden-Württemberg – A Portrait of the German Southwest, published by the Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Baden-Württemberg, Director: Lothar Frick 6th fully revised edition, Stuttgart 2008. Stafflenbergstraße 38 Co-authors: 70184 Stuttgart Hans-Georg Wehling www.lpb-bw.de Dorothea Urban Please send orders to: Konrad Pflug Fax: +49 (0)711 / 164099-77 Oliver Turecek [email protected] Editorial deadline: 1 July, 2008 Design: Studio für Mediendesign, Rottenburg am Neckar, Many thanks to: www.8421medien.de Printed by: PFITZER Druck und Medien e. K., Renningen, www.pfitzer.de Landesvermessungsamt Title photo: Manfred Grohe, Kirchentellinsfurt Baden-Württemberg Translation: proverb oHG, Stuttgart, www.proverb.de EDITORIAL Baden-Württemberg is an international state – The publication is intended for a broad pub- in many respects: it has mutual political, lic: schoolchildren, trainees and students, em- economic and cultural ties to various regions ployed persons, people involved in society and around the world. Millions of guests visit our politics, visitors and guests to our state – in state every year – schoolchildren, students, short, for anyone interested in Baden-Würt- businessmen, scientists, journalists and numer- temberg looking for concise, reliable informa- ous tourists. A key job of the State Agency for tion on the southwest of Germany. Civic Education (Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Baden-Württemberg, LpB) is to inform Our thanks go out to everyone who has made people about the history of as well as the poli- a special contribution to ensuring that this tics and society in Baden-Württemberg. -
Germany (Deutschland )
Germany (Deutschland ) Roman commander Julius Caesar referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, distinguishing it from Gaul (France). Martin Luther, seminal figure in the reformation movement of the 16th century, provided a German translation of the Bible decisive for the German language’s evolution to Modern Standard. Disparate Germanic principalities did not unite until 1871, when the King of Prussia became Kaiser (emperor) of Germany. German is the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. Germany is known for innovation, particularly in automotive, chemical and machine tooling industries, Population: 81 million (Second most-populous information technology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. European nation) Area: Slightly smaller than Montana Capital: Berlin(3.3 million) Located in Central Europe, Germany borders the Baltic Sea and the North Sea and lies between the Netherlands and Languages: G er m an (o f f i c i al ) , Tu r k i s h Poland, south of Denmark. (spok en b y 2.4% of the population) Roman Catholic 28.9%, Protestant 27.1%, Muslim 3.7%, The responsibility for the German education unaffiliated or other 28.3%. According to a 2005 system lies primarily with the states (Länder). Eurobarometer poll, 47% of German citizens believed that “there is a Optional Kindergarten is provided for all chil- God," 25% believed that “there is some sort of spirit or life force," while another 25% did not "believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or dren between two and six years of age, after life force." which school attendance is compulsory. -
Agricultural Productivity Across Prussia During the Industrial Revolution: a Thünen Perspective
European Historical Economics Society EHES WORKING PAPERS IN ECONOMIC HISTORY | NO. 13 Agricultural Productivity Across Prussia During the Industrial Revolution: A Thünen Perspective Michael Kopsidis, IAMO Halle Nikolaus Wolf, Humboldt-University Berlin and CEPR JANUARY 2012 EHES Working Paper | No. 13 | January 2012 Agricultural Productivity Across Prussia During the Industrial Revolution: A Thünen Perspective Michael Kopsidis, IAMO Halle Nikolaus Wolf, Humboldt-University Berlin and CEPR Abstract This paper explores the pattern of agricultural productivity across 19th century Prussia to gain new insights on the causes of the “Little Divergence” between European regions. We argue that access to urban demand was the dominant factor explaining the gradient of agricultural productivity as had been suggested much earlier theoretically by von Thünen (1826) and empirically by Engel (1867). This is in line with recent findings on a limited degree of interregional market integration in 19th century Prussia. JEL Codes N53, O43, O47, Q13, R12. Keywords: Prussia, Agricultural Productivity, Industrialisation, Market Access Notice The material presented in the EHES Working Paper Series is property of the author(s) and should be quoted as such. The views expressed in this Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the EHES or its members 2 I. Introduction The literature on the historical origins of differential economic development, especially the debate on the “Great Divergence” between Europe and Asia (Pomeranz 2000) has recently sparked a new interest in the roots of differential development within Europe. A growing number of empirical studies (Clark 1987; Allen 2001, 2009, pp. 25-56; Pamuk 2007) supports the older historiography’s thesis that an emerging gradient of economic development from North-West Europe to the East of the continent unfolded from about the Late Middle Ages onwards (Gerschenkron 1962; Pollard 1981). -
GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, and the RECONSTRUCTION of CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented In
NEW CITIZENS: GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Alison Clark Efford, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Doctoral Examination Committee: Professor John L. Brooke, Adviser Approved by Professor Mitchell Snay ____________________________ Adviser Professor Michael L. Benedict Department of History Graduate Program Professor Kevin Boyle ABSTRACT This work explores how German immigrants influenced the reshaping of American citizenship following the Civil War and emancipation. It takes a new approach to old questions: How did African American men achieve citizenship rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments? Why were those rights only inconsistently protected for over a century? German Americans had a distinctive effect on the outcome of Reconstruction because they contributed a significant number of votes to the ruling Republican Party, they remained sensitive to European events, and most of all, they were acutely conscious of their own status as new American citizens. Drawing on the rich yet largely untapped supply of German-language periodicals and correspondence in Missouri, Ohio, and Washington, D.C., I recover the debate over citizenship within the German-American public sphere and evaluate its national ramifications. Partisan, religious, and class differences colored how immigrants approached African American rights. Yet for all the divisions among German Americans, their collective response to the Revolutions of 1848 and the Franco-Prussian War and German unification in 1870 and 1871 left its mark on the opportunities and disappointments of Reconstruction. -
Inspiration Is a Place Welcome to Jacobs University Bremen Editorial
INSPIRATION IS A PLACE WELCOME TO JACOBS UNIVERSITY BREMEN EDITORIAL Jacobs University Bremen, stakeholders: faculty and students, academics and ranking among the top ten small administrators, researchers and innovators. This is what our global take on education is all about: universities worldwide, is an we want to provide our students with an education inspiring experiment in many ways. based on the values of science, citizenship, and enlightenment and accompany them in obtaining the best possible exposure to the challenges and Jacobs University Bremen is an educational opportunities of our changing world. experiment: as an English-speaking German university, it successfully combines the qualities Finally, Jacobs University is a flourishing experi- EDUCATING FUTURE LEADERS of a broad liberal arts education with the demands ment: our campus helps students from all over the of science-based instruction. It harmoniously world to develop the human and professional skills IN THE TIME OF embeds a culturally diverse campus community that are required to become an actor of change in into the suburban landscape of Bremen North – science, economy and society. To study and to do and it demonstrates the value of private higher research at Jacobs University means to invest in a GLOBAL CHALLENGE AND education in dialogue with the excellent state- moral and professional future as an individual as funded universities of the Hanseatic region. well as in our common future as society. DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION Jacobs University Bremen is also a structurally ambitious experiment. On the one hand, it is firmly supported by the Jacobs Foundation and the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, while at the same time it also aims to establish strong collaborations with other public and private partners in order to stand PROF. -
A History of German-Scandinavian Relations
A History of German – Scandinavian Relations A History of German-Scandinavian Relations By Raimund Wolfert A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Raimund Wolfert 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Table of contents 1. The Rise and Fall of the Hanseatic League.............................................................5 2. The Thirty Years’ War............................................................................................11 3. Prussia en route to becoming a Great Power........................................................15 4. After the Napoleonic Wars.....................................................................................18 5. The German Empire..............................................................................................23 6. The Interwar Period...............................................................................................29 7. The Aftermath of War............................................................................................33 First version 12/2006 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations This essay contemplates the history of German-Scandinavian relations from the Hanseatic period through to the present day, focussing upon the Berlin- Brandenburg region and the northeastern part of Germany that lies to the south of the Baltic Sea. A geographic area whose topography has been shaped by the great Scandinavian glacier of the Vistula ice age from 20000 BC to 13 000 BC will thus be reflected upon. According to the linguistic usage of the term -
Hamilton County (Ohio) Naturalization Records – Surname G
Hamilton County Naturalization Records – Surname G Applicant Age Country of Origin Departure Date Departure Port Arrive Date Entry Port Declaration Dec Date Vol Page Folder Naturalization Naturalization Date Restored Date Gaab, Paul 33 Germany Bremen New York T 11/02/1894 T F Gabel, Max 28 Russia Hamburg New York T 11/20/1889 T F Gable, Sebastian 27 Germany Bremen Baltimore T 05/07/1887 T F Gable, Sebastian 27 Germany Bremen Baltimore T 05/07/1887 T F 10/19/1892 Gabriel, Leonhard Germany ? ? T 04/25/1889 T F Gabriel, William 25 Ireland Cork New Orleans T 04/10/1858 16 467 F F Gaddum, Leonhard 26 Prussia London New York T 11/??/1849 23 81 F F Gadzinski, Michael 59 Germany Bremen New York T 11/08/1893 T F Gaebke, Theodore 32 Hanover Bremen New York T 03/28/1856 26 66 F F Gaeckemeyer, Henry 33 Hanover Bremen New York T 09/19/1857 15 287 F F Gaeckle, Andrew 27 Hohlenzollern Sigmarnigen Havre New York T 09/22/1855 13 123 F F Gaelhard, Joseph 35 France Havre New York T 12/07/1858 17 381 F F Gaelter, Christian 28 Bavaria Havre New Orleans T 09/29/1857 15 334 F F Gaenger, Philip 29 Baden Havre New York T 06/15/1852 25 71 F F Gaerthoeffner, Gottlob 70 Germany Bremen Baltimore T 02/28/1891 T F Gaertlein, John 29 Bavaria Bremen New Orleans T 10/19/1857 15 447 F F Gaertner, Ernst Edward 36 Germany Bremen New York T 05/03/1887 T F Gaerttner, John 38 Germany Bremen New York T 10/20/1887 T F Gaerttner, John G. -
You Are Invited to Participate in This the Structure That Was the Summer Kitchen Has Been Attached and Gives the House an L-Shape
The Towpath (1) 2014 . Published Quarterly January – April – July – October THE NEW BREMEN HISTORIC ASSOCIATION JANUARY 2014 THE HISTORIC ASSOCIATION WILL PRESERVE A PIECE OF NEW BREMEN Now we are eager to move forward with the preservation of this historic house and to help us with this HISTORY effort, the Merlin & Susie Hirschfeld family has issued a Almost 150 years ago a house was built at 236 N. “challenge grant.” They have challenged the NBHA to Main Street. Today it remains an excellent example of the raise $20,000 of the purchase price. They in turn will German-style architecture of that era. match the amount as an incentive for others to give We believe this house is important to preserve generously. We are impressed with the family’s desire to because it gives us a picture of Main Street New Bremen help and have included this excerpt from their letter: just after the Civil War. Records show the house was …Towns like New Bremen and its citizens are the true built in 1865 by Ernst Wilhelm Pape to be his residence heart of our country. …there was no better place to grow up. and tailor shop. At that time in our history merchants Acknowledging the blessings of such a community is important. often operated their shop from their residence. We know that the unique history of New Bremen, and the impact of the Miami-Erie Canal on it, lives on through the The building originally had two doorways with one work of the NBHA, including its museum and historic buildings for the shop and one for the residence. -
How Warm Were Summers During the LGM in the Southeastern Carpathian Basin?
Workshop Loess and Archaeology RWTH Aachen University, Germany, 27-29 November 2019 How warm were summers during the LGM in the southeastern Carpathian Basin? S. B. Marković1, P. Sümegi2, M. B. Gavrilov1, A. Ruman3, D. Molnár2, D. Veres4, U. Hambach5, I. Obreht6, C. Zeeden7, M. Radaković1, J. Bösken8, P. Ludwig9, F. Lehmkuhl8 1Department of Physical Geography, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, 2Department of Geology and Paleontology, University of Szeged, Hungary; 3Serbian Hydro- meteorological survey, Metheorological station Petrovaradin fortress, Petrovaradin, Serbia; 4Romanian Academy, Institute of Speleology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 5Chair of Geomorphology, University of Bayreuth, Germany; 6Organic Geochemistry Group, MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Germany; 7Leibniz Insititute for Applied Geophysics, Hannover, Germany; 8Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; 9Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Department Troposphere Research, Germany DOI: 10.18154/RWTH-2019-10428 In this study, we compare two independent approaches for the reconstruction of summer air temperatures during the last glacial maximum (LGM) in the southeastern Carpathian Basin. We present results of numerical modeling and July paleo temperatures based on identified land snail assemblages from loess sequences. Those two approaches are, moreover, compared with more widely used proxy data for loess sections, such as environmental magnetism, grain size, and geochemical indices. The results show that the July malacopaleothermometer provides relatively high July temperatures comparable to present day conditions, indicating consistently higher summer air temperatures than reconstructions based on numerical modeling experiments for the LGM in the Southeastern Carpathian Basin. Numerical modeling experiments related to six different models used in this study show 6.2 °C to 2.5 °C colder July air temperatures than recently measured equivalent temperatures. -
Distortion Engineering 2011
First Announcement and Call for Papers 3rd International Conference on DISTORTION ENGINEERING 2011 organised by: supported by: sponsored by: WHY TO ATTEND? The various causes for distortion can be found in every step of the manufacturing process. Based on that the control of a component´s distortion only can be achieved by an interdisciplinary approach starting at the design phase of a part up to the final heat treatment. MAIN TOPICS The International Conferences on Distortion Engineering The conference addresses the following topics which require no (IDE) 2005 and 2008 in Bremen have shown that this strict adherence: system-oriented point of view is necessary for the full • Measurement of distortion and residual stresses understanding and solution of distortion problems. The • Interactions of different production processes ongoing activities on distortion within research institutes • In-process measurement of deformations, temperatures, worldwide, also in the Collaborative Research Center SFB 570, stresses, and phase compositions as well as research and experience gained in industry, leads us • Control of distortion and quality management rd to announce the 3 IDE. • Methods of distortion compensation • Modeling of distortion related phenomena (plasticity, The main objective of the IDE 2011 is again to discuss on an creep, transformation plasticity, phase transformation, international level the state of the art of understanding basic segregations, ...) mechanisms and interactions between different production • Simulation of single and couplings of subsequent processes steps leading to distortion and the measures to control such as casting, forming, machining and heat treatment changes in shape and dimensions including modelling and • Measurement of material data and boundary conditions simulation in industrial production processes. -
TANGR2015 Heidelberg
text TANGR2015 Heidelberg Second international workshop on Tracer Applications of Noble Gas Radionuclides in the Geosciences Heidelberg University, March 26 - 29, 2015 Kirchhoff-Institute Institute for Physics of Environmental Physics 1 Preface TANGR2015 is a workshop on the progress in the technique and application of Atom Trap Trace Analyis (ATTA). It is a follow-up to the rst TANGR workshop, TANGR2012, which was held at the Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA, in June 2012. It is organized in response to recent technical advances and new applications of Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA), an analytical method for measuring the isotopes 81Kr, 85Kr, and 39Ar. The primary aim of the workshop is to discuss the technical progress of ATTA and thereby enable innovative and timely applications of the noble gas radionuclides to important scientic problems in earth and environmental sciences, e.g. in the elds of groundwater hydrology, glaciology, oceanography, and paleoclimatology. Contents 1 Preface 2 2 Participants3 3 Programme 4 4 Abstracts 7 5 Organisational information 21 5.1 Location........................................ 21 5.2 Registration desk................................... 21 5.3 Talks.......................................... 21 5.4 Posters......................................... 21 5.5 Public transport.................................... 21 5.6 SRH-guesthouse.................................... 21 5.7 help-line........................................ 22 5.8 Internet-Access.................................... 22 5.9 Welcome