Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics An Interactive Open Access Journal of the European Geosciences Union

www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net

Advisory Board Members Co-Editors Lucy Carpenter University of York, UK Paul J. Crutzen (Chairman) Jonathan Abbatt [email protected] Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Mainz, Germany [email protected] Chak K. Chan [email protected] Hong Kong University of Science and Ilse Aben Technology, Hong Kong Meinrat O. Andreae SRON Netherlands Institute for Space [email protected] Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands Mainz, Germany [email protected] Ronald Cohen [email protected] University of California, Berkeley, USA Markus Ammann [email protected] Guy P. Brasseur Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland National Center for Atmospheric Research, [email protected] William Conant Boulder, USA University of Arizona, Tucson, USA [email protected] William E. Asher [email protected] University of Washington, Seattle, USA Daniel McKenna [email protected] Owen Cooper National Center for Atmospheric Research, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, USA Yves Balkanski Boulder, USA [email protected] Laboratoire CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, LSCE/IPSL, [email protected] Gif-sur-Yvette, France Stuart A. Penkett [email protected] Richard Cox University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK University of Cambridge, UK [email protected] Urs Baltensperger [email protected] Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland Veerabdhadran Ramanathan [email protected] John N. Crowley Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, La Jolla, USA Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, [email protected] Timothy Bertram Mainz, Germany University of Washington, Seattle, USA [email protected]

Executive Editors Wolfram Birmili Joachim Curtius Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Ulrich Pöschl (Chief-Executive Editor) Leipzig, Germany Frankfurt am Main, Germany Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, [email protected] [email protected] Mainz, Germany [email protected] Tami Bond Daniel J. Cziczo University of Illinois, Urbana, USA Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Ken Carslaw [email protected] Richland, USA University of Leeds, UK [email protected] [email protected] Jan W. Bottenheim Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada Martin Dameris Thomas Koop [email protected] DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Bielefeld University, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Jørgen Brandt National Environmental Research Institute, Frank Dentener Rolf Sander Roskilde, Denmark European Commission, Ispra, Italy Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, [email protected] [email protected] Mainz, Germany [email protected] Carl A. M. Brenninkmeijer Bryan N. Duncan Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, William Thomas Sturges Mainz, Germany Greenbelt, USA University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Stefan Buehler Ralf Ebinghaus Lulea University of Technology, Kiruna, Institute for Coastal Research, Sweden Geesthacht, Germany [email protected] [email protected] European James B. Burkholder Graham Feingold NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Geosciences Boulder, USA Boulder, USA Union [email protected] [email protected] John Burrows Jack Fishman University of Bremen, Germany NASA Langley Research Center, [email protected] Hampton, USA [email protected] Victor Fomichev Thomas Karl Paul Monks York University, Toronto, Canada National Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Leicester, UK [email protected] Boulder, USA [email protected] [email protected] Qiang Fu Jennifer G. Murphy University of Washington, Seattle, USA Veli-Matti Kerminen University of Toronto, Canada [email protected] Finnish Meteorological Institute, [email protected] Helsinki, Finland Stefano Galmarini [email protected] Athanasios Nenes Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA [email protected] Jürgen Kesselmeier [email protected] Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Timothy Garrett Mainz, Germany Spyros Pandis University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA [email protected] University of Patras, Greece [email protected] [email protected] Frank Keutsch Christian George University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA Markus Petters CNRS-University of Lyon, France Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA [email protected] Thomas Kirchstetter [email protected] Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Marco Giorgetta Berkeley, USA Andreas Petzold Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, [email protected] DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Hamburg, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Markku Kulmala University of Helsinki, Finland Ulrich Platt Alex B. Guenther [email protected] University of Heidelberg, Germany National Center for Atmospheric Research, [email protected] Boulder, USA Bernd Kärcher [email protected] DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Andre S. H. Prevot [email protected] Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland Martin Gysel [email protected] Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland Ari Laaksonen University of Kuopio, Finland Alexander Pszenny Paul Hartogh [email protected] University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA Max Planck Institute for Solar System [email protected] Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany William Lahoz [email protected] Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Johannes Quaas Kjeller, Norway Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Peter Haynes [email protected] Hamburg, Germany University of Cambridge, UK [email protected] [email protected] Alyn Lambert Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA Shaun Quegan Martin Heimann [email protected] University of Sheffield, UK Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, [email protected] Jena, Germany Kari Lehtinen [email protected] Finnish Meteorological Institute and Andreas Richter University of Kuopio, Finland University of Bremen, Germany Thorsten Hoffmann [email protected] [email protected] University of Mainz, Germany [email protected] Franz-Josef Lübken Janne Rinne Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland Andreas Hofzumahaus Kühlungsborn, Germany [email protected] Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Greg Roberts Rob MacKenzie Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Rupert Holzinger Lancaster University, UK La Jolla, USA Institute for Marine and Atmospheric [email protected] [email protected] Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands Scot Martin Yinon Rudich Kaarle Hämeri Harvard University, Cambridge, USA Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel University of Helsinki, Finland [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Gordon McFiggans Thomas Röckmann Jose-Luis Jimenez University of Manchester, UK Utrecht University, The Netherlands University of Colorado, Boulder, USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] V. Faye McNeill Eric Saltzman Patrick Jöckel Columbia University, New York, USA University of California, Irvine, USA Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, [email protected] [email protected] Mainz, Germany [email protected] Nikolaos Mihalopoulos John H. Seinfeld University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece California Institute of Technology, Jan Kaiser [email protected] Pasadena, USA University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK [email protected] [email protected] Peter Spichtinger ETH Zurich, Switzerland [email protected]

Andreas Stohl Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway Editorial Support [email protected] Natascha Töpfer Johan Ström Stockholm University, Sweden Tel.: +49-5556-99555-40 [email protected] [email protected] Joel Thornton University of Washington, Seattle, USA [email protected] Publication Production Michel Van Roozendael Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Nadine Deisel Brussels, Belgium [email protected] Tel.: +49-5556-99555-50

Geraint Vaughan [email protected] University of Manchester, UK [email protected]

Robert Vautard LSCE/IPSL, Laboratoire CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette, France [email protected]

Rainer Volkamer University of Colorado, Boulder, USA [email protected]

Andreas Volz-Thomas Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany [email protected]

Roland von Glasow University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK [email protected]

Thomas Wagner Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany [email protected]

William Ward University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada [email protected]

Ernest Weingartner Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland

Heini Wernli University of Mainz, Germany [email protected]

Jonathan Williams Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany [email protected]

Naohiro Yoshida Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan [email protected]