DOCSLIB.ORG

Land, Race, and Legitimacy in Territorial New Mexico

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Land, Race, and Legitimacy in Territorial New Mexico UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE “UNDER THE SAME GLORIOUS FLAG”: LAND, RACE, AND LEGITIMACY IN TERRITORIAL NEW MEXICO A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By AMANDA TAYLOR-MONTOYA Norman, Oklahoma 2009 “UNDER THE SAME GLORIOUS FLAG”: LAND, RACE, AND LEGITIMACY IN TERRITORIAL NEW MEXICO A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY __________________________________ Dr. Albert L. Hurtado, chair __________________________________ Dr. Donald J. Pisani __________________________________ Dr. Robert L. Griswold __________________________________ Dr. Terry Rugeley __________________________________ Dr. Paul Minnis © Copyright AMANDA TAYLOR-MONTOYA 2009 All Rights Reserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For their time, feedback, and good humor, I would like to thank the members of my committee: Albert L. Hurtado, Donald J. Pisani, Robert L. Griswold, Terry Rugeley, and Paul Minnis. I have particularly benefited from the editorial insight and sage advice of my advisor, Al Hurtado. His insistence that I not overcomplicate the obvious or shy away from bold assertions, and his demands for a good story have improved the quality of this dissertation. Al’s support and encouragement in the final months of this process have been invaluable. I am also grateful to those professors at the University of Oklahoma who were under no obligation to assist me, but did so nonetheless. I benefited greatly from Robert Shalhope’s unflinchingly honest assessment of my work and David Levy’s confidence in its potential. Cathy Kelly and Josh Piker offered feedback, professional advice, and a sympathetic ear at crucial moments in my graduate career. My faith in academia has been renewed more than once by their genuine humanity. I would also like to thank my colleagues in the history department— particularly Brett Adams, Patrick Bottiger, Ariana Quezada, and Emily Wardrop— who took time from their own work to track down a document, help with a last minute translation, or read a chapter as I struggled to meet a deadline. I thank Damon Akins, Chris Davis, Chris DuBois, Linda English, Michele Stephens, John Taylor-Montoya, Jessica Walker, Emily Wardrop, and Abby Wightman for happy hours, card games, football parties, birthdays, Thanksgivings, and celebrating each rite of passage during my graduate career. iv I owe special thanks to Abby, my comrade and fellow traveler in the anthropology department. While my work has benefited from her insightful comments and our innumerable conversations about power, identity, and culture, I am most thankful for her friendship—particularly as we embarked on our last year of graduate study. The job market, the writing, the revisions, and the graduate college minutiae would have been all the more painful without Abby’s companionship. I would be remiss if I did not also single out Sarah Janda and Linda English. More than once, Linda offered a boost to my confidence exactly when I needed it. Both of them navigated the same path through the program that I did and I thank them for the wisdom of their experience. I am particularly grateful for their advice and camaraderie as I embarked on the revisions to my first draft— just when I thought I might come up short, the care package of stress balls and mixed nuts that you sent helped me soldier on. I cannot imagine how different my graduate career would have been if Damon Akins had not decided to come to the University of Oklahoma. Damon and I marched lockstep through the program from the first recruiting visit in the spring of 2001 until he scored a tenure-track gig two years before I did. He has read some incarnation of nearly everything I’ve written and most of the ideas in this dissertation (as well as a number that didn’t make the cut) were first given form, hammered out, and refined in conversations with him. I admire his intellectual prowess, theoretical acumen, and keen wit; each has improved my scholarship. Damon has been an exceptional colleague and a good friend. v Although I didn’t know it at the time, this project began in Elizabeth Jameson’s undergraduate historiography class at the University of New Mexico. Betsy taught me how to be a historian. Any eloquence or insight that may grace the pages that follow is largely the result of her example, training, and the early influence of her editorial pen. More than anyone else, Betsy has shaped who I am as a scholar, teacher, and writer and she continues to be a mentor, confidant, and dear friend. I will consider myself a great success if I am half the mentor to my students that she was (and continues to be) to me. My dissertation was also indelibly shaped by my father-in-law, the late John L. Montoya, who so warmly welcomed me into my new family more than a decade ago. His stories about growing up in Vegas were what led me to choose it as my case study in the first place—not only because he piqued my curiosity about the community itself, but because I wanted to understand the historical forces that had shaped his experience. I deeply regret that he did not see the end result of our late-night conversations and I miss him terribly. I am exceedingly grateful for the Taylor clan, who offered encouragement and support, each in their own way. My parents always encouraged my intellectual curiosity, had no tolerance for mediocrity or lazy logic, and had even less patience for self-indulgence. I am particularly indebted to them, both figuratively and literally, for their unwavering faith in my ability to do anything and for subsidizing my graduate career whenever I needed help. Perhaps more than anyone else, my father understood all the demands of graduate school and what it took to earn a PhD. I thank him for the benefit of his vi own experience, for his knowing smiles and pats on the back, and for almost always obeying the rule of not asking me about my dissertation. I hope I have made him proud. My mother has an uncanny ability to offer comfort and support before I am even aware that I need it. Among a million other things, I thank her for her insistence on precise language and correct grammar, for her weekly advice to “just write the damn thing,” and most of all for her friendship. She has provided me with the consummate example of how to live life with grace, dignity, and integrity. I hope that I can live up to her example. Above all, I thank my husband, John Taylor-Montoya. He has been my greatest champion, harshest critic, and most faithful compañero. John has lived with this project as long as I have and his influence on my work is beyond measure. I thank him for serving as an editor and sounding board as I tried out new ideas, keeping me honest and grounded, and believing in me—and in my scholarship—when I didn’t. I can find no words to adequately express my appreciation for the support, encouragement, sacrifice, and humor that helped me finish this dissertation, let alone my gratitude for his place in my life. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments . iv List of Tables . ix List of Figures . x Abstract . xi Introduction . .1 Chapter One – Mexicans, Indians, and the Problem of Citizenship . 24 Chapter Two – “The Charms and Joys of Home”: Race, Marriage, and Divorce in Las Vegas . 57 Chapter Three – Land Taking and Boundary Making: The Battle for the Las Vegas Land Grant Begins. 93 Chapter Four – Las Vegas Transformed, New Mexico Regenerated: The Coming of the Railroad and a New Surveyor General. 119 Chapter Five – Unmasking the Gorras Blancas . 151 Chapter Six – The Knights of Labor and the Politics of Lawlessness . 193 Conclusion . 226 Bibliography . 238 Appendices . 260 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Proportional Intermarriage Among Anglos, 1850-1900 . 62 Table 2.2 Adult Population of Las Vegas, 1850-1900. 68 Table 2.3 Sex Ratios, Total Adult Population in Las Vegas, 1850-1900 . 68 Table 2.4 Divorces Filed in San Miguel County, 1864-1900. 87 Table 2.5 Married, No Spouse Present . 90 Table 2.6 Marriages of Offspring of Anglo-Nuevomexicano Unions . 92 Table 4.1 Male Occupational Structure in Las Vegas, 1880 . 125 Table 4.2 Male Occupational Structure by Locality, 1880 . 127 Table 4.3 Racial Segmentation of the Male Workforce in Las Vegas, 1880. 128 Table 5.1 Property Values of Alleged Fence Cutters and Their Victims. 178 ix LIST OF FIGURES Chart 2.1: Comparative Marital Choice, 1850-1900 . 63 Chart 2.2: Marital Status of Anglo Men, 1850-1900 . 65 Chart 2.3: Marital Status of Nuevamexicanas (Age 15 or Older), 1850-1900. 65 Chart 2.4: Divorces Filed in San Miguel County, 1864-1900. 88 Chart 4.1 Ejectment Suits by Year. 129 Chart 4.2: Ejectment Suits by Ethnicity. 130 x ABSTRACT Using San Miguel County in northern New Mexico as a case study, this dissertation explores the ways in which nuevomexicanos sought some measure of control over the terms of their incorporation into the United States after the Mexican War. A reexamination of the Gorras Blancas or “White Caps,” a secret society of fence cutters, lies at the core of this study. While they are commonly portrayed as primitive rebels or social bandits struggling against the onslaught of capitalism and modernization in the quintessential expression of nuevomexicano resistance to the American conquest, previously untapped sources reveal otherwise. Rather than trying to overturn the Anglo capitalist order, many of the alleged fence cutters were striving to carve out a better place for themselves within that system.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Mexico New Mexico
    NEW MEXICO NEWand MEXICO the PIMERIA ALTA THE COLONIAL PERIOD IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEst edited by John G. Douglass and William M. Graves NEW MEXICO AND THE PIMERÍA ALTA NEWand MEXICO thePI MERÍA ALTA THE COLONIAL PERIOD IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEst edited by John G. Douglass and William M. Graves UNIVERSITY PRESS OF COLORADO Boulder © 2017 by University Press of Colorado Published by University Press of Colorado 5589 Arapahoe Avenue, Suite 206C Boulder, Colorado 80303 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America The University Press of Colorado is a proud member of Association of American University Presses. The University Press of Colorado is a cooperative publishing enterprise supported, in part, by Adams State University, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Regis University, University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado, Utah State University, and Western State Colorado University. ∞ This paper meets the requirements of the ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). ISBN: 978-1-60732-573-4 (cloth) ISBN: 978-1-60732-574-1 (ebook) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Douglass, John G., 1968– editor. | Graves, William M., editor. Title: New Mexico and the Pimería Alta : the colonial period in the American Southwest / edited by John G. Douglass and William M. Graves. Description: Boulder : University Press of Colorado, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016044391| ISBN 9781607325734 (cloth) | ISBN 9781607325741 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Spaniards—Pimería Alta (Mexico and Ariz.)—History. | Spaniards—Southwest, New—History. | Indians of North America—First contact with Europeans—Pimería Alta (Mexico and Ariz.)—History.
    [Show full text]
  • Ranching Catalogue 
    Catalogue Ten –Part Four THE RANCHING CATALOGUE VOLUME TWO D-G Dorothy Sloan – Rare Books box 4825 ◆ austin, texas 78765-4825 Dorothy Sloan-Rare Books, Inc. Box 4825, Austin, Texas 78765-4825 Phone: (512) 477-8442 Fax: (512) 477-8602 Email: [email protected] www.sloanrarebooks.com All items are guaranteed to be in the described condition, authentic, and of clear title, and may be returned within two weeks for any reason. Purchases are shipped at custom- er’s expense. New customers are asked to provide payment with order, or to supply appropriate references. Institutions may receive deferred billing upon request. Residents of Texas will be charged appropriate state sales tax. Texas dealers must have a tax certificate on file. Catalogue edited by Dorothy Sloan and Jasmine Star Catalogue preparation assisted by Christine Gilbert, Manola de la Madrid (of the Autry Museum of Western Heritage), Peter L. Oliver, Aaron Russell, Anthony V. Sloan, Jason Star, Skye Thomsen & many others Typesetting by Aaron Russell Offset lithography by David Holman at Wind River Press Letterpress cover and book design by Bradley Hutchinson at Digital Letterpress Photography by Peter Oliver and Third Eye Photography INTRODUCTION here is a general belief that trail driving of cattle over long distances to market had its Tstart in Texas of post-Civil War days, when Tejanos were long on longhorns and short on cash, except for the worthless Confederate article. Like so many well-entrenched, traditional as- sumptions, this one is unwarranted. J. Evetts Haley, in editing one of the extremely rare accounts of the cattle drives to Califor- nia which preceded the Texas-to-Kansas experiment by a decade and a half, slapped the blame for this misunderstanding squarely on the writings of Emerson Hough.
    [Show full text]
  • 1810 1830 1820 1850 the Plains 1840 1860 the Horse the Buffalo
    GCSE History Knowledge Organiser: The Plains & The Sioux Indians roam freely on the Plains Limited violence between settlers & Indians 1810 1820 1824 Bureau of Indian Affairs 1830 1840 1850 1860 Indian hunting grounds 1830 Indian 1851 Indian Removal Act Appropriations Act The Plains The Buffalo Society Warfare Before a hunt, the Women were highly valued as they created the future of Indian warriors carried out Sioux would stage a the band. Children didn’t go to school but learned skills raids to seek revenge, or steal Buffalo Dance. Here, from extended family. The survival of the band was more horses. It usually only they would important than any individual. happened in summer. Scalping communicate with was a common practice. Wakan Tanka to ask Most marriages took place for love. Men went to live with for a good hunt. his wife’s family. Rich men were allowed to have more than Warriors believed that without Warrior Societies one wife. This was because there were usually more your whole body, you couldn’t would plan the hunts women than men, and polygamy ensured the future of the go to the Happy Hunting so as not to scare the band. Ground so scalping became a buffalo. Two or three At least once a year, all bands would meet as a nation. trophy so your enemy wouldn’t The Plains were desert-land – a mix of grass and flowing rivers hunts a year were Chiefs achieved their power through prestige and bravery. meet you there. They also with the Black Hills, heavily wooded, in the North.
    [Show full text]
  • El Bilingüismo En El Estado De Nuevo México: Pasado Y Presente
    Tesis Doctoral 2013 El Bilingüismo en el estado de Nuevo México: pasado y presente Fernando Martín Pescador Licenciado en Filología Inglesa Universidad de Zaragoza DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOGÍAS EXTRANJERAS Y SUS LINGÜÍSTICAS FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA Directora: María Luz Arroyo Vázquez DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOGÍAS EXTRANJERAS Y SUS LINGÜÍSTICAS FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA El Bilingüismo en el estado de Nuevo México: pasado y presente Fernando Martín Pescador Licenciado en Filología Inglesa Universidad de Zaragoza Directora: María Luz Arroyo Vázquez Agradecimientos A mi directora de tesis, María Luz Arroyo Vázquez, por todo el trabajo que ha puesto en esta tesis, por su asesoramiento certero, su disponibilidad e interés mostrados en todo momento. A Nasario García, Mary Jean Habermann, Tony Mares, Adrián Sandoval, Marisa Pérez, Félix Romeo y Ricardo Griego, que tuvieron la amabilidad de leer algunos de los capítulos y hacer comentarios sobre los mismos. Con todos ellos tuve conversaciones sobre mis progresos y todos ellos aportaron grandes dosis de sabiduría. A Mary Jean Habermann, Tony Mares y Lorenzo Sánchez, que, tuvieron, además, la gentileza de realizar una entrevista de vídeo para este trabajo. A Garland Bills, Felipe Ruibal, Joseph Sweeney y Neddy Vigil por reunirse a charlar conmigo sobre sus trabajos dentro del bilingüismo. A David Briseño, Rodolfo Chávez y Paul Martínez por incluirme en su equipo de la New Mexico Association for Bilingual Education, NMABE (Asociación para la educación bilingüe de Nuevo México) y permitirme colaborar en todas sus actividades. Gracias, también, a NMABE por otorgarme en 2012 el Matías L.
    [Show full text]
  • The American West C1835-C1895
    Ecclesfield School History Department The American West c1835-c1895 History GCSE (9-1) Revision Booklet This topic is tested on Paper 2, with the Elizabeth topic The exam lasts for 1 hour and 45 minutes There are 32 marks for American West (Section A) You should spend 50 minutes on this section Paper 2 1h45: American West and Elizabeth (8th June, PM) Name:________________________ History Teacher: ________________ 1 The American West, c1835-c1895 What do I need to know for this topic? Key Details Red Amber Green topic (Need to (Nearly (Nailed revise a there) it) lot) • Plains Indians: beliefs and way of life (survival, land and war) • The Permanent Indian Frontier (Indian Removal Act 1830) and the Indian Appropriations Act (1851) • Migration: Oregon Trail (1836 onwards), California Gold Rush (1849) • Migration: Donner Party and Mormons (1846-7) • The development and problems of white settlement farming • Reasons for conflict and tension between settlers and Indians – the Fort Laramie 62 Treaty (1851) - The early settlement of the West, of the settlement early The • Problems of lawlessness and attempts to tackle this 1. 1. c1835 • Significance of the Civil War and post-war reconstruction (Homestead Act 1862, Pacific Railroad Act 1862, First Transcontinental Railroad 1869) • Homesteaders’ solutions to problems: new technology, the Timber Culture Act 1873 and spread of the railroad • Continued problems of law and order • The cattle industry (Iliff, McCoy, 76 - Goodnight, the significance of Abilene) • The impact of changes in ranching
    [Show full text]
  • La Revolución Sin Fronteras. El Partido Liberal Mexicano Y Las Relaciones
    SEMINARIOS La Revolución COLECCIÓN sin frontera El Partido Liberal Mexicano y las relaciones entre el movimiento obrero de México y el de Estados Unidos. 1900-1923 Javier Torres Parés La Revolución sin frontera COLECCIÓN SEMINARIOS FFL UNAM SEMINARIOS LA REVOLUCIÓN SIN FRONTERA El Partido Liberal Mexicano y las relaciones entre el movimiento obrero de México y el de Estados Unidos. 1900-1923 SEMINARIOS JAVIER TORRES PARÉS LA REVOLUCIÓN SIN FRONTERA El Partido Liberal Mexicano y las relaciones entre el movimiento obrero de México y el de Estados Unidos. 1900-1923 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS Primera edición: 1990 Segunda edición: 2011 Tercera edición (revisada y corregida): 2014 1 de junio de 2014 DR © 2011. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, México, D. F. ISBN 978-607-02-5465-9 Prohibida la reproducción total o parcial por cualquier medio sin autorización escrita del titular de los derechos patrimoniales. Impreso y hecho en México INTRODUCCIÓN El movimiento obrero de México, en su proceso de formación, esta- bleció múltiples vínculos con el proletariado de Estados Unidos. La participación de los trabajadores en la Revolución mexicana refleja la intensidad que alcanzó ese contacto. A través de la actividad del Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) la dimensión internacional de la experiencia obrera en esos años adquirió algunas de sus manifesta- ciones más ricas. Este aspecto de la historia del proletariado es el que se propone abordar el presente libro. Desde esta perspectiva es po- sible observar el desarrollo de importantes procesos sociales escasa- mente estudiados hasta ahora.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bald Knobbers of Southwest Missouri, 1885-1889: a Study of Vigilante Justice in the Ozarks
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2011 "The aldB Knobbers of Southwest Missouri, 1885-1889: A Study of Vigilante Justice in the Ozarks." Matthew aJ mes Hernando Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Hernando, Matthew James, ""The aldB Knobbers of Southwest Missouri, 1885-1889: A Study of Vigilante Justice in the Ozarks."" (2011). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3884. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3884 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. THE BALD KNOBBERS OF SOUTHWEST MISSOURI, 1885-1889: A STUDY OF VIGILANTE JUSTICE IN THE OZARKS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Matthew J. Hernando B.A., Evangel University, 2002 M.A., Assemblies of God Theological Seminary, 2003 M.A., Louisiana Tech University, 2005 May 2011 for my parents, James and Moira Hernando ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Anyone who completes a project of this nature quickly accumulates a list of both personal and professional debts so long that mentioning them all becomes impossible. The people mentioned here, therefore, do not constitute an exhaustive list of all the people who have helped me along the way towards completing this dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Internal Border: Colonial Difference, the Cold War, and the Locations of "Underdevelopment" Alyosha Goldstein
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository American Studies Faculty and Staff ubP lications American Studies 2008 On the Internal Border: Colonial Difference, the Cold War, and the Locations of "Underdevelopment" Alyosha Goldstein Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/amst_fsp Recommended Citation Comparative Studies in Society and History 2008;50(1):26-56 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the American Studies at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Studies Faculty and Staff ubP lications by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparative Studies in Society and History 2008;50(1):26–56. 0010-4175/08 $15.00 # 2008 Society for Comparative Study of Society and History DOI: 10.1017/S0010417508000042 On the Internal Border: Colonial Difference, the Cold War, and the Locations of “Underdevelopment” ALYOSHA GOLDSTEIN American Studies, University of New Mexico In 1962, the recently established Peace Corps announced plans for an intensive field training initiative that would acclimate the agency’s burgeoning multitude of volunteers to the conditions of poverty in “underdeveloped” countries and immerse them in “foreign” cultures ostensibly similar to where they would be later stationed. This training was designed to be “as realistic as possible, to give volunteers a ‘feel’ of the situation they will face.” With this purpose in mind, the Second Annual Report of the Peace Corps recounted, “Trainees bound for social work in Colombian city slums were given on-the-job training in New York City’s Spanish Harlem...
    [Show full text]
  • 71 B Di.Spora-Vol.II (2) 3As..Indd
    De la “no intervención” a la institucionalización: la evolución de las relaciones Estado-diáspora en el caso mexicano* Alexandra Délano HASTA FINALES de los años ochenta, en términos generales, la posición del gobierno mexicano sobre la administración de los flujos migratorios consistía en garantizar la protección de los derechos de la población mexicana en Estados Unidos y asegurar que se mantuviera la “válvula de escape” a las presiones económicas y políticas del país. Parte de las con- diciones necesarias para lograr estos objetivos dependían de la estabilidad de la relación con Estados Unidos y de las percepciones del tema migra- torio como un problema en la agenda bilateral. Con el fin de mantener el statu quo “desventajoso pero familiar” (Ronfeldt y Sereseres, 1983: 89) y evitar tensiones en la relación bilateral, el gobierno mexicano desarrolló sus acciones de protección consular y sus relaciones con la comunidad mexicana en el exterior bajo los límites de la “no intervención” –lo cual se interpretaba como ejercer la responsabilidad de protección consular sin cuestionar los procesos legales estadounidenses ni fomentar la movi- lización política de la comunidad migrante, no organizar actividades de cabildeo y no participar en discusiones sobre las leyes migratorias de Estados Unidos (Cardoso, 1979; Zazueta, 1983; Rico, 1999). A su vez, evitó vincular la migración a otros temas para no “contaminar” la agenda bilateral. En el ámbito nacional, la discusión pública sobre estos temas era limitada y el gobierno respondía a las críticas de grupos nacio- nalistas y de oposición con una retórica basada en la idea de disuadir la emigración, promover el retorno de los migrantes y mantener sus lazos con la “patria perdida”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Conquistador” a Film by John J
    Delve Deeper into “The Last Conquistador” A film by John J. Valadez & Cristina Ibarra This multi-media resource list, John, Elizabeth Ann Harper. Riley, Carroll L. Rio del Norte: compiled by Shaun Briley of the Storms Brewed in Other Men's People of the Upper Rio Grande San Diego Public Library, Worlds: The Confrontation of from the Earliest Times to the provides a range of perspectives Indians, Spanish, and French in Pueblo Revolt. Salt Lake City: on the issues raised by the the Southwest, 1540-1795. University of Utah Press, 1995. upcoming P.O.V. documentary Norman, OK: University of A book about Pueblo Indian culture “The Last Conquistador” that Oklahoma Press, 1996. John and history. premieres on July 15th, 2008 at describes the Spanish, the French, 10 PM (check local listings at and American colonization spanning Roberts, David. The Pueblo www.pbs.org/pov/). from the Red River to the Colorado Revolt: The Secret Rebellion Plateau. That Drove the Spaniards Out of Renowned sculptor John Houser has the Southwest. New York: a dream: to build the world’s tallest Kammen, Michael. Visual Shock: Simon & Schuster, 2004. Roberts bronze equestrian statue for the city A History of Art Controversies in describes the Pueblo revolt of 1680, of El Paso, Texas. He envisions a American Culture. New York: which resulted in a decade of stunning monument to the Spanish Vintage, 2007. Pulitzer Prize independence before the Spanish conquistador Juan de Oñate that winner Kammen examines how reasserted dominion over the area. will pay tribute to the contributions particular pieces of public art in Hispanic people made to building America’s history have sparked Schama, Simon.
    [Show full text]
  • Further Readings
    Further Readings Core Essay The American Latino (Stephen J. Pitti) Acosta‐Belén, Edna and Carlos E. Santiago. Puerto Ricans in the United States: A Contemporary Portrait. Latinos, Exploring Diversity and Change. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006. Alvarez, Luis. The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance During World War II. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. Amezcua, Mike. “The Second City Anew: Mexicans, Urban Culture, and Migration in the Transformation of Chicago, 1940‐1965.” PhD diss., Yale University, 2011. Blackwelder, Julia Kirk. Women of the Depression: Caste and Culture in San Antonio, 1929­1939. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1984. Buitron, Richard A. The Quest for Tejano Identity in San Antonio, Texas, 1913­2000. New York: Routledge, 2004. Burgos, Adrián. Playing America’s Game: Baseball, Latinos, and the Color Line. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007. Burt, Kenneth C. The Search for a Civic Voice: California Latino Politics. Claremont, CA: Regina Books, 2007. Candelario, Ginetta E. B. Black Behind the Ears: Dominican Racial Identity from Museums to Beauty Shops. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007. Capo, Julio. “It’s Not Queer to Be Gay: Miami and the Emergence of the Gay Rights Movement, 1945‐ 1995.” PhD diss., Florida International University, 2011. Casas, Maria Raquél. Married to a Daughter of the Land: Spanish­Mexican Women and Interethnic Marriage in California, 1820­1880. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2007. Castañeda, Antonia I. “Presidarias Y Pobladoras: Spanish‐Mexican Women in Frontier Monterey, Alta California, 1770‐1821.” PhD diss., Stanford University, 1990. Chávez‐García, Miroslava. Negotiating Conquest: Gender and Power in California, 1770s to 1880s.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Colonial History of New Mexico Through Artifacts
    Exploring the Colonial History of New Mexico Through Artifacts Ramón A. Gutiérrez What relationship does a painting of Saint Anthony of Padua on an elk-skin hide have to an iron spur? On the surface, probably little conjoins them other that they were both produced by artisans in the Kingdom of New Mexico during the eighteenth century. Archaeologists often refer to such material objects as “dumb traces,” not because they are stupid or irrelevant in any way, but because they are mute and silent and do not readily yield their meanings or their grander cultural significance without some prodding and pondering on our part. Such artifacts require interpretation.1 For that, one must first contextualize these objects within denser webs of history, within networks and assemblages of the things humans once made. The broader historical and cultural milieu that led to the creation of this hide painting of Saint Anthony and of the iron spur begins with the Spanish conquest of America, initiated by the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus, which ultimately led to the vanquishment of indigenous peoples throughout the New World. Spain’s overseas empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries extended north from what is now Chile as far as New Mexico and Arizona, and from Cuba westward to the Philippines. 45 The geographer Alfred B. Crosby called the cultural processes unleashed by this colonization the “Columbian exchange,” a set of reciprocal transfers of ideas, technologies and goods that created an infinite array of blendings and bor- rowings, of mixings and meldings, of inventions and wholesale appropriations that were often unique and specific to time and place.2 The New Mexican religious im- age of Saint Anthony of Padua holding the infant Christ was painted with local pigments on an elk-skin hide in 1725, possibly by an indigenous artisan (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]