Black Forest Germany Map Pdf
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Black forest germany map pdf Continue For other purposes, see the Black Forest (disambigation). Black Forest Mountain Range View from Hochfelsen near SeebachHighest PointElevation1,493 m (4,898 ft) Coordinates48'18'00N 8'09'00E / 48.300'N 8.150'E / 48.300; 8.150Coordinates: 48'18'00N 8'09'00E / 48.300'N 8.150'E / 48.300; 8.150 DimensionsLengt160 km (99 miles) Area6,000 sq km (2,300 sq m) GeographyMeg Germany with Black Forest, The green CountryGermanyStateBaden-W'rttembergParent rangeSouthwest German Uplands/ScarplandsGeologyOrogenyCentral UplandsType of rockGneiss, Banter Sandstone Black Forest, is a large ˈʃvaʁtsvalt forest ridge in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg in southwestern Germany. It is confined to the Rhine Valley to the west and south. The highest peak is Feldberg with a height of 1,493 meters above sea level. The area is approximately oblong in shape, with a length of 160 km (100 miles) and a width of up to 50 km (30 miles). Historically, the area was known for ore deposits, which led to mining in the local economy. In recent years, tourism has become the main industry, accounting for about 140,000 jobs. The area is home to a number of destroyed military fortifications dating back to the 17th century. The geographical forests and pastures of the High Black Forest near Breitnau Black Forest extend from the High Rhine in the south to Kraichgau in the north. In the west it is bounded by the Upper Rhine plain (which, in terms of the natural region, also includes a low chain of foothills); in the east it passes to G'u, Baar and hill country west of Klettgau. The black forest is the highest part of the South German Scarplans, and most of it is densely wooded, a fragment of the Gerkin forest of antiquity. It lies on the rocks of the crystal cellar and the sandstone of Banter, and its natural boundary with the surrounding landscapes is formed by the appearance of a muhelkalka, which is absent in the foundation of the Black Forest. The fertility of the soil depends on the underlying rock; This line is the boundary of vegetation, as well as the border between Altsiedelland (an old land village) and the Black Forest, which was not permanently settled until the Middle Ages. From north to south, the Black Forest stretches for more than 160 km (100 miles), reaching a width of up to 50 km (30 miles) in the south and 30 km (20 miles) in the north. Tectonically, the range forms a raised fault block that rises to a prominent location west of the Upper Rhine Plain; From the east, it has the appearance of a heavily wooded plateau. Natural regions Of the Black Forest are separated by different features. Geomorphologically, the main division is located between the gentle eastern slopes with their mostly rounded hills wide plateau (the so-called Danuba relief, especially outstanding in the north and east on the sandstone Banter) and a deeply rugged, steeply falling area in the west, which falls into the Upper Rhine Graben; so-called Valley of the Black Forest (Talschwarzwald) with its Renan aid. It is here, in the west, are the highest mountains and the largest local differences in height (up to 1000 meters). The valleys are often narrow and ravines like; but rarely in the shape of a pool. The tops are rounded and there are also remnants of plateau and arete-like sushi shapes. Geologically the clearest division is also between east and west. Large areas of the eastern Black Forest, the lowest layer of the South German Scarlets, consisting of Banter sandstone, are covered with seemingly endless coniferous forest with their island meadows. The open basement in the west, predominantly composed of metamorphic rocks and granites, was, despite its reliable topography, easier to settle and seems much more open and attractive today with its diverse valleys of meadows. Feldberg, the highest mountain in the Black Forest, southwest of Freiburg is the most common way of separating the regions of the Black Forest, however, from north to south. Until the 1930s, the Black Forest was divided into the Northern and Southern Black Forest, the boundary of which was the line of the Kinsig Valley. Later the Black Forest was divided into the heavily wooded Northern Black Forest, the lower, central part, predominantly used for agriculture in the valleys, was the Central Black Forest and well above the southern Black Forest with its distinctive alpine economy and ice age ice relief of the Ice Age. The term High Black Forest refers to the highest areas of the southern and southern Central Black Forest. However, the drawn boundaries were very diverse. In 1931, Robert Gradmann named the Central Black Forest a catchment area of Kinziga, and in the west - a site to the lower Elz and Kinzig tributaries of Gutah. Pragmatic division, focused not only on natural and cultural regions, uses the most important cross valleys. On this basis, the Central Black Forest is bordered by Kinzigol to the north and the line from Dreisam to Gutah in the south, which corresponds to the Bonndorf Graben area and the course of modern B 31. In 1959, Rudolf Metz merged earlier divisions and proposed a modified tripartite division that combined natural and cultural regional approaches and was widely used. Its Central Black Forest is bounded to the north by a watershed between Acher and Rench, and then between Murgol and Kinzigo or Forthing and Kinzigram, in the south of the Bonndorf Graben zone, which limits the Black Forest to the east, as does Freudenstadt Graben further north by its transition to the Northern Black Forest. Work The German Natural Region Department's Guide to Natural Region, published by the Federal Office for Regional Geography (Bundesanstalt f'r Landeskunde) since the early 1950s, lists the Black Forest as one of the six highest-level major landscape regions in the mid-level region in the South German Scarplands and, at the same time, one of the nine new major landscape groups. It is divided into six so-called main units (level 4 landscapes). This division was improved and modified in several successor editions (1:200,000 individual card sheets) prior to 1967, each covering separate sections of the map. The mountain range was also divided into three regions. The northern boundary of the Central Black Forest in this classification runs south of the Rench and Knibis valleys near Freudenstadt. Its southern border changed with each edition. In 1998, the State Department of Baden-Wuerttemberg Environmental Protection (now the State Department of Baden-Wuerttemberg For Environmental Protection, Surveying and Conservation) published a redesign of the Baden-Wuerttemberg Department of Natural Areas. Он ограничен уровнем естественных региональных крупных единиц и с тех пор используется для государственного управления по охране природы: Natural region Areain km2 Population Pop./km2 Settlementareain % Open landin % Forestin % Majorcentres ofpopulation Middle-sizedcentres ofpopulation 150 Black Forest Foothills[10] 0930 268,000 289 7.69 29.33 62.92 Pforzheim Calw,Freudenstadt 151 Black Forest Grinden and Enz Hills[11] 0699 060,000 086 1.92 06.39 91.51 152 Northern Black Forest Valleys[12] 0562 107,000 190 4.12 19.48 76.41 Baden-Baden,Gaggenau/Gernsbach 153 Central Black Forest[13] 1,422 188,000 133 3.35 30.25 66.39 Haslach/Hausach/Wolfach,Waldkirch, Schramberg 154 Southeastern Black Forest[14] 0558 080,923 112 3.03 32.44 64.49 Villingen-Schwenningen 155 High Black Forest[15] 1,990 213,000 107 2.44 26.93 70.31 Schopfheim,Titisee-Neustadt Slopes of the Northern Black Forest to the Upper Rhine Plain (Northern Black Forest Valleys) The Black Forest Foothills (Schwarzwald-Randplatten , 150) geomorphologically form plateaux on the north and northeast periphery of the mountain range that descend to the Kraichgau in the north and the Heckengäu landscapes in the east. They are tilted by valleys, especially the valleys of the Nagold river system, into separate confluences; The narrow northwesterly finger extends beyond Enz near Neuenbrug, and also borders the middle reaches of Alba in the west, to a point directly above Ettlingen. To the southwest it adjoins the hills of the Black Forest and Enz (Greendenshwarswald and Enjechen, 151), along the upper reaches of Enza and Murga, forming the heart of the Northern Black Forest. To the west of the Northern Black Forest formed the Northern Black Forest of the valley Talschwarzwald, 152) with Murg averages reached around Gernsbach, the Oos course middle to Baden-Baden, the averages reached B'hlz over the B'hls and the upper reach of the Rench around Oppenau. Their weekend valleys of the mountain range are oriented to the northwest. The economy of the meadows in the side valleys of Kinziga, the Central Black Forest Central Black Forest (153) is mainly limited to the catchment area of the Kinzig River above Offenburg, as well as Schutter and the low hills north of Elz. The southeastern Black Forest (Susstliche Schwarzwald, 154) consists mainly of the catchment areas of the upper Danube, Brigach and Brega, as well as the left side valleys of Wutaha north of Neustadt and thus depleted from the northeast of the southern Black Forest. To the south and west it adjoins the High Black Forest (Hochschwarzwald, 155) with the highest peaks in the entire range around Feldberg and Belchen. Its eastern part, the southern plateau of the Black Forest, is oriented towards the Danube, but drained over Wutah and Alb in the Rhine. In the west, the southern crest of the Black Forest is deeply divided by the Rhine into numerous ridges.