Towards an Alternative Development Paradigm
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628 Indigenous People’s Self-Determined Development i Towards an Alternative Development Paradigm Indigenous People’s Self-Determined Development Published by: TEBTEBBA Indigenous Peoples’ International Centre for Policy Research and Education with support from: ii Indigenous People’s Self-Determined Development Towards an Alternative Development Paradigm: Indigenous Peoples' Self-Determined Development Copyright © 2010, Tebtebba Foundation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. The views expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher. Published by Tebtebba Foundation No. 1 Roman Ayson Road 2600 Baguio City Philippines Tel. 63 74 4447703 Tel/Fax: 63 74 4439459 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.tebtebba.org Editors: Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, Leah Enkiwe-Abayao and Raymond de Chavez Assistant Editor: Jo Ann Guillao Book and Cover design, Lay-out and Production: Paul Michael Nera and Raymond de Chavez Assistants: Eleanor Dictaan-Bang-oa, Maribeth Bugtong, Marissa Maguide-Cabato, Marly Carino, Mikara Jubay, Helen Magata and Eleonor Baldo-Soriano Writers: Jeanette Armstrong, Asia Indigenous People’s Pact, John Bamba, Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, Jennifer Corpuz, Nestor Chambi, Mirna Cunningham, Leah Enkiwe-Abayao, Geraldine Fiag-oy, Zenon Gomel, Tirso Gonzales, Jorge Ishizawa, Taworn Kampholkul, Naomi Kipuri, Marcela Machaca, Jelena Porsanger, Albertus Hadi Pramono, Carol Sørensen, Melaku Tegegn, Prasert Trakansuphakorn Printed in the Philippines by Valley Printing Specialist Baguio City, Philippines ISBN: 978-971-93566-8-4 iii Towards an Alternative Development Paradigm Indigenous People’s Self-Determined Development iv Indigenous People’s Self-Determined Development v TABLE OF CONTENTS Acornyms................................................................................. vii Introduction............................................................................. xiii The Papers................................................................................ xxiii 1. Indigenous Peoples’ Self-Determined Development: Challenges and Trajectories............... 1 Victoria Tauli-Corpuz 2. Indigeneity: The Heart of Development with Culture and Identity............................................................. 79 Jeannette C. Armstrong 3. Laman Laka: Our Indigenous Path to Self-Determined Development....................................... 89 Mirna Cunningham 4. Human Development Framework and Indigenous Peoples’ Self-determined Development...................... 117 Victoria Tauli-Corpuz vi Indigenous People’s Self-Determined Development 5. Latin American Andean Indigenous Agriculturalists Challenge Current Transnational System of Science, Knowledge and Technology for Agriculture: From Exclusion to Inclusion............................................ 163 Tirso Gonzales, Marcela Machaca, Nestor Chambi, Zenón Gomel 6. Affirmation of Cultural Diversity - Learning with the Communities in the Central Andes..........................205 Jorge Ishizawa 7. Knowledge and Practice on Rotational Farming of Pgaz K’Nyau (Karen) People, Hin Lad Nai Community in Northern Thailand................................. 249 Dr. Prasert Trakansuphakorn and Taworn Kampholkul 8. Pastoral Accumulation: Arrested Self-Determined Development in Ethiopia.................................................. 331 Melakou Tegegn 9. Poverty, Pastoralism and Policy in Ngorongoro...... 349 Naomi Kipuri and Carol Sørensen 10. Self-Determined Development: Lessons from the Kalimantan Credit Union Movement........................... 415 John Bamba 11. Self-Determination and Indigenous Research: Capacity Building on Our Own Terms......................... 433 Dr. Jelena Porsanger 12. Cartographic Encounters within Counter-Mapping in West Kalimantan............................................................. 447 Albertus Hadi Pramono vii 13. Kalinga Banao Tribe: Self-Determined Development in Small-Scale Mining and Watershed Protection.......................................................... 471 Geraldine L. Fiag-oy 14. Owning Research and Building Force at the Margins: Indigenous Peoples as Agents of Self-Determined development........................................................................... 493 Leah Enkiwe-Abayao 15. Indigenous Peoples and the Millennium Development Goals............................................................ 513 Victoria Tauli-Corpuz 16. Processes Towards the Development of an Indigenous Peoples’ Self-Determined Development Paradigm A. Proceedings of the Consultation-Workshop and Dialogue on Indigenous Peoples’ Self-Determined Development or Development with Identity....................................... 542 Jennifer Corpuz B. Indigenous Development or Development with Culture and Identity........................................... 592 Asia Indigenous Peoples’ Pact (AIPP) The Authors................................................................................... 629 viii Indigenous People’s Self-Determined Development ACRONYMS ADLI Agricultural Development-led Industrialization AU African Union CAHW Community Animal Health Worker CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBO Community-Based Organisation CBPP Contagious Bovine Pleuro-Pneumonia CCA-UNDAF Common Country Assessment - United Nations Development Assistance Framework CERD Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination CHR Commission on Human Rights CIA Central Intelligence Agency CKGR Central Kalahari Game Reserve COP Conference of Parties CSO Civil Society Organization CSD Commission on Sustainable Development DANIDA Danish International Development Assistance DESA Department of Social and Economic Affairs ECF East Coast Fever ECOSOC Economic and Social Council EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMRIP Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples EPRDF Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front Ereto I Ereto-Ngorongoro Pastoralist Project, Phase I FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FPIC Free, Prior and Informed Consent FPK First Peoples of the Kalahari GCA Game Controlled Area GDP Gross Domestic Product Acronyms ix GDI Gross Development Index GEF Global Environmental Facility GEM Gender Empowerment Measurement GIS Geographic Information System GMP General Management Plan GNP Gross National Product GoT Government of Tanzania GPS Global Positioning System HD Human Development HDI Human Development Index HIPC Highly Indebted Strategy Papers HPI Human Poverty Index HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HRC Human Rights Council IACHR Inter-American Commission on Human Rights IADB Inter-American Development Bank IASG Inter-Agency Support Group for Indigenous Isues ICSU International Council for Science IDS International Development Strategy IEMSD Integrated Environmental Management for Sustainable Development IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation IIED International Institute for Environment and Development IIFB International Indigenous Peoples’ Forum on Biodiversity ILO International Labor Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IPDP Indigenous Peoples Development Plans IPR Intellectual Property Rights IRA Institute for Resource Assessment ISW Information Sharing Workshop x Indigenous People’s Self-Determined Development JKPP Jaringan Kerja Pemetaan Partisipatif LDC Livestock Development Centre LU Livestock Unit MCF Malignant Catarrhal Fever MDG Millennium Development Goals MNRT Ministry for Natural Resources and Tourism MS-TCDC Training Centre for Development Cooperation in Eastern and Southern Africa NACA Nuclei of Andean Cultural Affirmation NCA Ngorongoro Conservation Area NCAA Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority NDA Ngorongoro District Authority NGO Non Government Organization NIEO New International Economic Order NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation NPA Ngorongoro Pastoralist Association NRC National Research Council NSCB National Statistics Coordination Board NSGPR National Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction (also Mkukuta) OEWG Open-Ended Working Group OAS Organization of American States OMS Operational Manual Statement PAR Participatory Action Research PC Pastoralist Council PFE Pastoralist Forum Ethiopia PFO Project Field Officer PINGO Pastoralist Indigenous NGOs Forum PLA Participatory Learning and Action PPSDAK Pemberdayaan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Kerakyatan PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal Acronyms xi PRATEC Andean Project for Peasant Technologies PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PVP Private Veterinary Practitioner RAIPON Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North RECONCILE Resource Conflict Institute REDD Reducing Emmissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation RTD Right to Development SAL Structural Adjustment Loans SEEA System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting SNA Standard National Accounts SPILL Strategic Plan for the Implementation of Land Laws SUA Sokoine University of Agriculture TAPHGO Tanzania Pastoralist and Hunter-Gatherer Organization TEEB The Economics of Ecoystems and Biodiversity UDHR Universal Declaration on Human Rights UDSM University of Dar es Salaam UN United Nations UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDG United Nations Development Group UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNDP-RIPP United Nations Development Programme- Regional