Appendix A Species of the Menucha Ecosystem A-1. Plant species of special interest (all of these species are considered sensitive under the CRGNSA Management Plan) Species Presence at Menucha; Habitat Status References Bolandra oregana Verified. Wet, forested habitats; wet cliffs, talus, and rocky slopes; MHNF S, OR C, ONHP 1 Kemp & Butler; Jolley 201 Oregon bolandra uncommon Cimicufuga elata Probable. Low elevation woods in the west gorge; uncommon. OR C, ONHP 1 tall bugbane Erigeron howellii Possible. North or east facing wet or dry cliffs, talus, and rocky MHNF S, Fed C2, OR C, Kemp & Butler; Jolley 672; Howell's daisy slopes; uncommon Columbia Gorge endemic ONHP 1 CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-120 Erigeron oreganus Possible. Wet or dry cliffs, talus, and rocky slopes; uncommon MHNF S, OR C, ONHP 1 Kemp & Butler; Jolley 674; Columbia Gorge or Oregon daisy Columbia Gorge endemic CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-120 Hieracium longiberbe Probable. Dry cliffs and rocky banks; moderately abundant MHNF S, ONHP 4 Kemp & Butler; Jolley 616; long-bearded hawkweed Columbia Gorge endemic CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-120; Dobson Sullivantia oregana Possible. In wet cliffs, talus, and rocky slopes; associated with MHNF S, Fed C2, OR C, Kemp & Butler; Jolley 224; Oregon sulivantia waterfalls; rare Columbia Gorge endemic ONHP 1 CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-120; Dobson Synthyris stellata Verified. Generally north-facing shaded banks, cliffs, and ridges in ONHP 4 Columbia kittentails the west gorge; chiefly Oregon side; moderately abundant A-2. A partial list of other plant species recorded at Menucha: Abies grandis, grand fir Gaultheria shallon, salal Symphoricarpos albus, common snowberry Acer circinatum, vine maple Holodiscus discolor, hillside oceanspray Thuja plicata, western redcedar Acer macrophyllum, big-leaf maple Hydrophyllum tenuipes, Pacific waterleaf Tolmiea menziesii, piggy-back plant (youth-on-age) Adianatum pedatum, maidenhair fern Marah oregana, manroot (old-man-in-the-ground) Trillium ovatum, western trillium (wake-robin) Alnus rubra, red alder Oemleria ceerasiformis, Indian-plum Tsuga heterophylla, western hemlock Amelanchier alnifolia, western serviceberry Oplopanax horridus, devil’s club Urtica diocia, stinging nettle Asarum caudatum, wild ginger Oxalis oregana, redwood sorrel (sourgrass) Viola glabella, stream (yellow wood) violet Berberis aquifolium, shining Oregon grape Polypodium glycyrrhiza, licorice fern Berberis nervosa, Cascade Oregon grape Polystichus munitum, sword fern Non-native invasives: Blechnum spicant, deer fern Populus balsamifera trichocarpa, black cottonwood Aegopodium podograria, bishop’s weed Claytonia perfiolata, miner’s lettuce Pseudotsuga menziesii, Douglas fir Conium maculation, poison hemlock Claytonia sibirica, Siberian spring beauty Pteridium aquilinum, bracken fern Digitalis purpurea, foxglove Cornus canadensis, bunchberry Quercus garryana, Oregon white oak Geranium robertianum, herb-robert Corylus cornuta, beaked (California) hazelnut Ribes sanquineum, red currant Hedera helix, English ivy Crataegus douglasii, black hawthorne Rosa spp., wild rose Ilex aquifolium, English holly Delphinium menziesii, Menzie’s larkspur Rubus parvifolius, thimbleberry Lapsana communis, nipplewort Dicentra formosa, Pacific bleeding heart Rubus spectabilis, salmonberry Rubus discolor, Himalyan blackberry Equisetum telmateia brauni, Braun’s giant horsetail Sambucus cerulean, western blue elderberry Solanum dulcamara, European bittersweet Frangula purshiana, cascara Smilacina racemosa, false Solomon’s seal Vinca spp, periwinkle Fraxinus latifolia, Oregon ash Smilacina stellata, star-flowered false Solomon’s seal

A-1 APPENDIX A. SPECIES OF THE MENUCHA ECOSYSTEM

A-3. Invertebrate species of special interest (all of these species are considered sensitive under the CRGNSA Management Plan) Species Presence Status Reference Neomura wahkeena Possible Fed C2, ONHP 1 Robin Dobson; Thomas Wahkeena flightless stonefly p. 392 Cryptomasix devia Possible. In leaf litter along streams, under logs, in seeps and Recommended state and federal Frest & Johannes, p. 30 Puget oregonian land snail springy areas; old growth and riparian associate endangered Megomphix hemphilli Possible. Moist, relatively undisturbed forest; old growth and Recommended state and federal Frest & Johannes, p. 33 Oregon megomphix land snail riparian associate threatened, ONHP 1 Pristiloma pilsbryi Possible. Under salal thickets in deeper, more rotten strata of Recommended state and federal Frest & Johannes, p. 41 crowned tightcoil land snail decaying leaves; old growth and riparian associate; local endemic endangered Vespericola n. sp. Verified. At Menucha, found in Chanticleer creek drainage in moist Status undetermined mixed forest stream bottoms and adjacent slopes Deroceras hesperium Possible. Low elevation mixed forest; old growth and riparian Recommended state and federal Frest & Johannes, p. 47 evening fieldslug associate endangered, ONHP 1 Hemphillia glandulosa Possible. Moist and undisturbed coniferous forest; old growth and Recommended state endangered, Frest & Johannes, p. 48 warty jumping-slug riparian associate federal threatened, ONHP 3 Hemphillia malonei Possible. Open but uncut forests; old growth and riparian associate; Recommended state and federal Frest & Johannes, p. 48 Malone jumping-slug local endemic endangered, ONHP 1 Prophysaon coeruleum Possible. Relatively undisturbed most coniferous forests; old growth Recommended state and federal Frest & Johannes, p. 49 blue-gray tail-dropper slug and riparian associate endangered, ONHP 1 Juga hemphilli hemphilli Possible. Small-medium creeks; level-bottom, highly oxygenated, Recommended state and federal Frest & Johannes, p. 62 barren juga snail cold-water, unpolluted, with stable gravel-boulder substrate; west endangered, ONHP 1 end Columbia Gorge; local endemic Juga hemphilli n. subsp. Possible. Small-medium streams and large springs at low elevations; Recommended state and federal Frest & Johannes, p. 63 (no common name) cold, unpolluted, fast-flowing, well-oxygenated, level-bottom endangered streams; western Columbia Gorge; local endemic Juga n. sp. 1 Possible. Small streams and springs, spring sources; very small, Recommended state and federal Frest & Johannes, p. 63 brown juga snail shallow, cold, fast-flowing, well-oxygenated streams with gravel endangered substrate; western Columbia Gorge; local endemic Juga n. sp. 3 Possible. Small-medium streams at low elevations; level-bottom, Recommended state and federal Frest & Johannes, p. 63 tall juga snail cold, unpolluted, well-oxygenated, fast flowing steams with mud or endangered gravel substrate; probable western Columbia Gorge endemic A-4. A partial list of other invertebrate species recorded at Menucha: Allogona townsendiana, Oregon forest snail Ariolimax columbianus, banana slug Haplotrema vancouverense, lance-tooth snail Phrophysaon andersonii, reticulated gray slug Monadenia fidelis, sideband snail Arion ater, furrowed European black slug (introduced) Limax maximus, leopard slug (introduced)

A-2 APPENDIX A. SPECIES OF THE MENUCHA ECOSYSTEM

A-5. Fish species of special interest Species Presence Status Reference Probably none of special concern

A-6. Amphibian species of special interest (all of these species are considered sensitive under the CRGNSA Management Plan) Species Presence Status Reference Rhyacotriton kezeri) Possible. Humid coniferous forests near flowing water; small cold OR S - Vul CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112; Columbia torrent salamander streams and spring heads; old growth associate Nussbaum et al p. 68; Puchy & Martin p. III-327; Leonard et al p. 50 Aneides ferreus Possible. Forested areas, edges, and fire-caused openings; under OR S - Und CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112; clouded salamander loose bark on the ground and fallen trees, rotten logs, cliff face Nussbaum et al p. 76 cracks; old growth associate Batrachoseps wrighti Verified. Mature and second growth Douglas-fir forests; under bark OR S - Und CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112; Oregon slender salamander and inside logs on the forest floor; old growth associate Nussbaum et al p. 84 Dicamptodon copei Possible. Streams and seepages in moist coniferous forests; old OR S - Und CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112; Cope's giant salamander growth associate R6 S Nussbaum et al p. 59 Plethodon larselli Possible. Wet to dry lava talus slopes; old growth associate OR S - Vul CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112; Larch Mountain salamander Fed C2 Nussbaum et al p. 99 R6 S Bufo boreas Possible. Near marshes but may be found in dry forests or shrubby OR S - Vul Puchy & Marshall p. III-327; Leonard et western toad thickets al p. 110 Rana pretiosa Possible. Marshy pools, ponds or lakes O S - Crit CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112; western spotted frog Fed C2 Nussbaum et al p. 183 Rana aurora Possible. Moist forests and riparian areas, streams, ponds OR S - Und CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112; northern red-legged frog Fed C2 Nussbaum et al p. 157 R6 S Ascaphus truei Possible. In or near fast-flowing, permanent streams in unlogged OR S - Vul CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112; tailed frog forested areas; old growth associate Nussbaum et al p. 145 A-7. A partial list of other amphibian species recorded at Menucha: Hyla regilla, Pacific treefrog

A-3 APPENDIX A. SPECIES OF THE MENUCHA ECOSYSTEM

A-8. Reptile species of special interest (all of these species are considered sensitive under the CRGNSA Management Plan) Species Presence Status Reference Clemmys marmorata marmorata Possible. Marshes, sloughs, ponds and slow moving streams OR S - Crit CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II- northwestern pond turtle Fed C2 113; Nussbaum et al p. 201 R6 Ss Chrysemys picta Possible. Marshy ponds, small lakes, slow moving streams and OR S - Crit CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II- painted turtle backwaters 113; Nussbaum et al p. 196 Contia tenuis Possible. Moist rotting logs or talus slopes near streams or damp OR S - Vul CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II- sharptail snake habitats; forest edges 112 A-9 A partial list of other reptile species recorded at Menucha: Thomnopsis ordinoides, northwestern garter snake

A-4 APPENDIX A. SPECIES OF THE MENUCHA ECOSYSTEM

A-10. Bird species of special interest (all of these species are considered sensitive under the CRGNSA Management Plan) Species Presence Status Reference Bucephala albeola Possible visitor. Old growth associate OR S - Per CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112 Barrow's goldeneye duck Bucephala albeola Possible visitor. Old growth associate OR S - Per CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112 bufflehead duck Ardea herodias Verified visitor CRGNSA Mgt Plan Glossary great blue heron Buteo regalis Possible visitor OR S - Crit Puch & Marshall p. III-323 ferruginous hawk Fed C2 Falco peregrinus anatum Possible visitor OR and Fed endangered CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112 American peregrine falcon R6 S Aquila chrysaetos Probable visitor, potential nester CRGNSA Mgt Plan Glossary golden eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Verified visitor, potential nester. Old growth associate OR and Fed endangered CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112 bald eagle R6 S Pandeon haliaetus Verified nester. Nests in tall trees near waterways. Dobson osprey CRGNSA Mgt Plan Glossary Accipiter gentilis Possible visitor or nester. Nests and hunts in interior forests; old OR S - Crit CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112 northern goshawk growth associate. Fed C2 Glaucidium gnoma Verfied visitor, possible nester. Old growth associate OR S - Und CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112 northern pygmy owl Melanerpes lewis Possible visitor OR S - Crit CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112 Lewis' woodpecker Sphyrapicus thyroideus Possible visitor. Old growth associate OR S - Und CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-113 Williamson's sapsucker Dryocopus pileatus Verified visitor, possible nester. Old growth associate OR S - Vul CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112 pileated woodpecker Riparia riparia Possible visitor OR S - Und CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112 bank swallow Progne subis Possible visitor or nester OR S - Crit CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112 purple martin Sialia mexicana Possible resident and nester OR S - Vul CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-113 western bluebird

A-5 APPENDIX A. SPECIES OF THE MENUCHA ECOSYSTEM

A-11 A partial list of other bird species recorded at Menucha: Birds observed at Menucha by Don McVay, 22-26 June 1986 song sparrow [Melospiza melodia, common summer forest resident in deciduous brush] turkey vulture [Cathartes aura, common summer resident] white-crowned sparrow [Zonotrichia albicollis, very uncommon transient and winter red-tailed hawk [Buteo jamaicensis, common summer resident, less common in winter] visitor] killdeer [Charadrius vociferus, common summer resident, uncommon in winter] dark-eyed (Oregon) junco [Junco hyemalis, common permanent resident] band-tailed pigeon [Columba fasciata, common summer resident in forested areas] Brewer’s blackbird [Euphagus cyanocephalus, common permanent resident] rufous hummingbird [Selasphorus rufus, uncommon to locally abundant summer pine grosbeak [Pinicola enucleator, rare and irregular, coniferous forests] resident] pine siskin [Carduelis pinus, fairly common permanent resident of coniferous forests] northern (red-shafted) flicker [Colaptes auratus, common permanent resident] American goldfinch [Carduelis tristis, common permanent resident] hairy woodpecker [Picoides villosus, uncommon permanent forest resident] Pacific slope (western) flycatcher [Empidonax difficilis, common forest summer Pacific-slope (western) flycatcher [Empidonax difficilis, common summer resident, resident] nests in moist forests] horned lark [Eremophila alpestris, local and uncommon permanent resident; nests in Additional bird species observed at Menucha by Cindy Wheeler open areas] ruffed grouse [Bonasa umbellus, common year-round resident in woodlands] violet-green swallow [Tachycineta thalassina, commer summer resident; nests in cliffs, red-breasted sapsucker [Sphyrapicus nuchalis, fairly common permanent resident in cavities, buildings] deciduous and mixed forests and woodlands] barn swallow [Hirundo rustica, common summer resident; nests in cliff overhangs and pileated woodpecker [Dryocopus pileatus, uncommon permanent resident in forest outbuildings] areas] Steller’s jay [Cyanocitta stelleri, common woodland resident] Vaux’s swift [Chaetura vauxi, in the fall a large number roosts communally in an scrub jay [Aphelocoma coerulescens, common resident] unused Wright hall kitchen chimney] American (common) crow [Corvus brachyrhynchus, common resident] red crossbill [Loxia curvirostra, common to rare erratic permanent resident of black-capped chickadee [Parus atricapillus, common permanent resident, especially in coniferous forests] deciduous woodlands] winter wren [Troglodytes troglodytes, uncommon to common summer resident in moist red-breasted nuthatch [Sitta canadensis, common permanent resident in coniferous forests; in winter migrates to lowlands in region] forests] tree swallow [Tachycineta bicolor, common summer resident near water, cavity nester] Townsend’s solitaire [Myadestes townsendi, locally common summer resident, rare in winter] Additional bird species observed at Menucha by others Swainson’s thrush [Catharus ustulatus, common summer woodland resident] cliff swallow [Hirundo pyrrhonota, common summer resident and transient, nests in American robin [Turdus migratorius, common to abundant permanent resident and cliffs] transient] Eurasian starling [Sturnus vulgaris, introduced, common to abundant permanent resident] western tanager [Piranga ludoviciana, common summer woodland resident] black-headed grosbeak [Pheucticus melanocephalus, common summer woodland resident] rufous-sided towhee [Pipilo erythrophthalmus, common permanent resident, brushy areas] chipping sparrow [Spizella passerina, common summer resident at mid to high elevations] fox sparrow [Passerella iliacea, common summer forest resident and winter visitor in brushy areas]

A-6 APPENDIX A. SPECIES OF THE MENUCHA ECOSYSTEM

A-12. Mammal species of special interest Species Presence Status Reference Myotis thysanodes Possible resident. Old growth associate OR S - Vul CRGNSA 1991 Mgt Plan p. II-112 fringed myotis bat Dama virginianus leucurus Possible visitor OR and Fed endangered Dobson Columbian white-tailed deer A-13. A partial list of other mammal species recorded at Menucha: Cervus elaphus roosevelti, Roosevelt elk Dama hemionus columbianus, Columbian black-tailed deer Tamiasciurus douglasii, Douglas squirrel or chickaree Ursus americana, black bear

Definitions and abbreviations C2: Federal candidate species for threatened or endangered listing; conclusive data on vulnerability not currently available. CRGNSA: Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area Crit: Critical; listing as threatened or endangered is pending or may be appropriate if immediate conservation actions are not taken. Fed: Federal MHNF: Mount Hood National Forest ONHP: Oregon Natural Heritage Program OR: Oregon Per: Peripheral or naturally rare; species on the edge of their range or whose populations have always been low. R6: USDA-Forest Service, Region 6 (Pacific Northwest) S: Sensitive species. The CRGNSA Management Plan defines a species as “sensitive” if it (1) is listed as threatened or endangered under state or federal action, (2) is a plant endemic to the Columbia River Gorge and vicinity, (3) is listed as sensitive by the state of Oregon, or (4) is an animal species considered to be of special interest to the public: great blue heron, osprey, mountain goat, golden eagle, and prairie falcon. Und: Undetermined status; may qualify for threatened, endangered, critical or vulnerable status but more study is needed. Vul: Vulnerable; listing as threatened or endangered is not imminent but protection and monitoring is needed.

A-7