prohealth
QUICK REFERENCE EVIDENCE INFORMED BOTANICAL MEDICINE
,ĞƌďƐ͕ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ͕ŚŽƌŵŽŶĞƐΘŵĞĚŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ƌ͘DĂƌŝƐĂDĂƌĐŝĂŶŽΘƌ͘EŝŬŝƚĂ͘sŝnjŶŝĂŬ
Introduction ...... 1 Botanical Studying Tips ...... iii
Plant Harvesting ...... vi Intro Intro Food is Medicine ...... 7 3URWHLQIDW¿EHUFDUERK\GUDWHV .... 9 A Vitamins & minerals ...... 14 B
Actions ...... 31 C
Constituents...... 59 D
Pharmacy ...... 73 E
Monographs A-Z...... 85 F
Appendix ...... 370 G Toxicology, CIs & Safe Dosing ...... 370 +HUEVLQ3UHJQDQF\ ...... 376 H +HUEVLQ3HGLDWULFV ...... 377 I 13/(; ERDUGH[DPKHUEOLVW ...... 378 +HUEVE\)DPLO\ ...... 379 J +HUE'UXJ1XWULHQW,QWHUDFWLRQV ...... 382 K Medications (drug & use) ...... 386 L Index ...... 403 +HUEVE\ODWLQQDPH ...... 406 M +HUEVE\FRPPRQQDPH ...... 407 N
Congratulations RQPDNLQJWKHEHVWLQYHVWPHQWRI\RXUOLIH\RXURZQHGXFDWLRQDQG\RXU O FRQWLQXHGVHUYLFHWR\RXUSDWLHQW¶VTXDOLW\RIOLIH7RKHOSVXSSRUW\RXWKLVWH[WZDVFUHDWHG P DVWKHPRVWXSWRGDWHIXQFWLRQDODQGFRVWHIIHFWLYHFOLQLFDOWH[WDYDLODEOH&RXQWOHVVKRXUVRI UHVHDUFK GHVLJQZHUHVSHQWWRGHYHORSWKHFRQWHQW IRUPDW,QIRUPDWLRQVRXUFHVLQFOXGH Q KXQGUHGVRIRULJLQDOSHHUUHYLHZHGUHVHDUFKDUWLFOHVZLWKFXWWLQJHGJHLQIRUPDWLRQ GHFDGHVRI R HYLGHQFHLQIRUPHGEHVWSUDFWLFHV PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\FOLQLFDOH[SHULHQFHZLWKDIRFXVRQresults S based medicine. ,QRUGHUWRJHWWKHPRVWFOLQLFDOXWLOLW\IURPWKLVWH[WLWPXVWEHDYDLODEOHDWDOOWLPHVDVVXFK T WKHERRNVVL]HDOORZVIRUHDV\WUDQVSRUW VWRUDJH7KHSDSHUXVHGLVXQFRDWHGWRDOORZ\RX U WRZULWH\RXURZQQRWHVGLUHFWO\RQWKHSDJHV'RQRWEHIRROHGWKLVWH[WFRQWDLQVPRUHXVHIXO LQIRUPDWLRQWKDQPRVWIXOOVL]HWH[WERRNVDQGLVVXSSRUWHGE\QXPHURXVVWXGHQWFOLQLFLDQ V instructor resources. W 7KHVWXG\RIKHUEDOPHGLFLQHLVERWKKHDOLQJDQGWUDQVIRUPDWLYH7KRXJKRQHRIPDQNLQG¶V ROGHVWIRUPVRIPHGLFLQHLWKDVEHHQH[SHULHQFLQJDUHELUWKGXHWRLW¶VOLPLWOHVVOLIHHQKDQFLQJ X TXDOLWLHV:KDW\RXZLOOJDLQIURPWKLVERRNLVDQRYHUYLHZRIWKHSRVVLELOLWLHVRISODQWPHGLFLQH Y DQGDQDSSUHFLDWLRQIRUWKHPDQ\JLIWVWKHUHLQ Z 7KLVERRNLVLQWHQGHGWRVHUYHWKHKREE\KHUEDOLVWPHGLFDOVWXGHQWDQGRUSURIHVVLRQDO KHDOWKSUDFWLWLRQHUDVDUHOHYDQW UHOLDEOHVRXUFHRIERWDQLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQ$OORIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQ WKHUHLQKDVEHHQJDWKHUHGIURPRQO\WKHPRVWFUHGLEOHKHUEDOLVWV UHVRXUFHVZLWKWKHLQFOXVLRQ RIUHIHUHQFHVWKDWHPSKDVL]HWKHPRVWFXUUHQWKHUEDOVFLHQWL¿FUHVHDUFK
Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Introduction | i Appendix Book Layout Intro P Part used
C Constituents (active ingredients)
A $FWLRQ V HIIHFWVLQERG\
I Indications for use
F plant family
How to Use This Book Color! (DFKPRQRJUDSKGLVSOD\VDEODFN ZKLWH 7KHOD\RXWRIWKLVERRNLVRUJDQL]HGLQVXFKDVZD\ KHUEDOLPDJHZKLFKVKRXOGEHFRORUHGLQDV\RXJR DVWRIDFLOLWDWHHDVHRIOHDUQLQJIRUERWKWKHEHJLQQHU LPSDUWLQJDQDELOLW\WREHWWHULGHQWLI\DSODQWVIRUP KHUEDOLVWDQGDOVRDFWDVDTXLFNFOLQLFDOUHIHUHQFH ZKLOHHQJDJLQJLQDPRUHFUHDWLYHOHDUQLQJSURFHVV JXLGHIRUWKHPRUHH[SHULHQFHGKHUEDOSUDFWLWLRQHU WKDWLVERWKUHOD[LQJ HQMR\DEOH (DFKVHFWLRQLV structured alphabetically & key ‘Mini’-monographsDUHVWUXFWXUHGXVLQJWKHNH\ concepts are bold font, VRWKDWWKHPRVWSHUWLQHQW VHHQDERYHDQGRIIHUDFRQGHQVHGYHUVLRQRIZKDW UHOHYDQWKHUEDOLQIRUPDWLRQFDQEHDFFHVVHG LVFRQVLGHUHGWKHPRVWSHUWLQHQWSODQWLQIRUPDWLRQ VZLIWO\IROORZHGDORQJVLGHDPRUHLQGHSWKDQDO\VLV 7KH\DUHDQLGHDOOHDUQLQJWRROWRXVHZKHQVWDUWLQJ RIWKHFRQWHQWFRQWDLQHGWKHUHLQ RXWWRKHOSVLPSOLI\WKHFRQWHQW ,WVIRFXVLVRQKRZWRSUDFWLFDOO\HQJDJHZLWKWKHVH $PRUHGHWDLOHGDFFRXQW HJSKDUPDFRORJ\IRON important medicines, imparting a sound understand XVHGRVLQJ VDIHW\FRQFHUQV ZLOOIROORZDORQJ LQJRIDSODQW¶VLGHQWL¿FDWLRQDFWLRQVFRQVWLWXHQWV ZLWKIXOOUHIHUHQFHV VRXUFLQJ SKDUPDFRORJ\DQGKRZEHVWWRXWLOL]HWKHVH 7KHFRQWHQWWKHUHLQDLPVWRHQFRXUDJHWKHKROLVWLF properties in order to release a patient’s true and SHUVSHFWLYHVLQKHUHQWLQKHUEDOLVPZKLOHDFNQRZO LQQDWHKHDOLQJSRWHQWLDO HGJLQJWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIPRGHUQVFLHQWL¿FUHVHDUFK
Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) Part Used: $HULDO OHDI ÀRZHU Constituents:9RODWLOHRLO WKXMRQH VHVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV7DQQLQV)ODYRQRLGV Medicinal Actions: $QWLKHPRUUKDJLF$QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\$QWLPLFURELDO Medicinal uses: XVHIXOIRUIHYHUV ZLOOVWRSEOHHGVERWKWRSLFDOO\DQGLQWHUQDOO\ Pharmacology:YRODWLOHRLOVDUHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQWLPLFURELDO F\WRWR[LF7KXMRQHLQKLJKGRVHVLVWR[LFWRWKH QHUYRXVV\VWHP/RZGRVHVDUHDQWLIXQJDODQWLPLFURELDOHPPHQDJRJXHDQGLPPXQRVWLPXODQW Pharmacy:,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSLQIXVHPLQ7,'RUKRXUO\LQIHYHUV7LQFWXUH PO4'PO ZHHNO\PD['ULHGKHUE J7,' Toxicity:9RODWLOHRLOFRQWDLQVWKXMRQHZKLFKLVQHXURWR[LFLQKLJKGRVHV6HVTXLWHUSHQHVDUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUDOOHUJLF FRQWDFWGHUPDWLWLV+LJKGRVHVPD\FDXVHKHDGDFKHV SKRWRVHQVLWLYLW\ Contraindications:$OOHUJ\WR$VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\$YRLGGXULQJSUHJQDQF\DVLWKDVDPLOGXWHULQHVWLPXODQWHIIHFW HPPHQDJRJXH DERUWLIDFLHQW Interactions:1RQHNQRZQOther: HJWUDGLWLRQDOXVHKRPHRSDWKLFSODQWHQHUJHWLFVHWF
ii | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Botanical Medicine Study Tips
,I\RX¶UHQHZWRWKHVWXG\RIKHUEDOPHGLFLQH 3. Kinesthetic (hands-on)
WKHDPRXQWRILQIRUPDWLRQDQGWHUPLQRORJ\ Intro • Try the herbs yourself! No matter WKHUHLVWROHDUQFDQVHHPRYHUZKHOPLQJDW ZKDWNLQGRIOHDUQHU\RXDUHWKLVLV ¿UVW7KHUHDUHYDULRXVZD\VWRRUJDQL]HDQG SHUKDSVRQHRIWKHPRVWXVHIXOZD\VWR V\QWKHVL]HWKHFRQWHQWWRIDFLOLWDWHHDVHRI OHDUQDERXWKHUEDOPHGLFLQH OHDUQLQJDQGWKLVUHIHUHQFHJXLGHKDVEHHQ VHWXSLQVXFKDZD\DVWRVSHHGWKHSURFHVV • 9LVLWDQKHUEDOGLVSHQVDU\DQGDVN 6RPHXVHIXOWLSVIRUJHWWLQJVWDUWHGLQFOXGH WKHPWRGLVSHQVHVDPSOHVL]HVRIWKH KHUEV\RXDUHOHDUQLQJ Establish what kind of learner you are. 0RVWVWXGHQWVDUHDFRPELQDWLRQRIWKHIROORZ • 6PHOOWDVWHDQGWRXFKWKHKHUEV7KLV LQJW\SHV LVHVSHFLDOO\XVHIXOZKHQOHDUQLQJWR LGHQWLI\SODQWVDQGUHPHPEHUWKHSDUWV used for medicine (e.g. leaf, root or 1. Auditory (listener) ÀRZHU • )LQGSRVWFDVWVYLGHRVDQG • *RRQDQKHUEZDONWROHDUQWRLGHQWLI\ ZHELQDUVRQWRSLFVUHODWHGWRKHUEDO KHUEVWKDWJURZQORFDOO\LQ\RXUDUHD medicine. • *URZKHUEVDWKRPH(YHQLI\RXGRQ¶W • &RPPLWWRPDNLQJWKHPRVWRIFODVV FRQVLGHU\RXUVHOIWRKDYHDJUHHQ DQGOHFWXUHWLPHE\HOLPLQDWLQJ WKXPEPDQ\PHGLFLQDOSODQWVDUH GLVWUDFWRUVVXFKDV\RXUSKRQHDQG FRQVLGHUHG³ZHHGV´ZKLFKJURZHDVLO\ ZHEEURZVLQJ in small planter pots or gardens. • $VN\RXULQVWUXFWRULIWKH\DUH Remember, don’t get lost in the Details! FRPIRUWDEOHZLWKKDYLQJ\RXUHFRUG • :KHQVWDUWLQJRXWLWLVEHVWWRIRFXVRQ WKHOHFWXUHWROLVWHQWRDJDLQDWD NQRZLQJDVPDOOQXPEHURIKHUEVZHOO later time. YVWU\LQJWRPHPRUL]HHYHU\WKLQJDERXW DOORIWKHP 2. Visual • )RFXVRQPDMRUSODQWDFWLRQVFRQ • 5HZULWHOHFWXUHQRWHVXVLQJYDULRXV VWLWXHQWV XVHV&RPPLWWREXLOGLQJRQ RUJDQL]DWLRQDOVWUDWHJLHVVXFKDV \RXUNQRZOHGJHEDVHDV\RXJR FKDUWVWDEOHVÀDVKFDUGVDQGRU ZKLWHERDUGV.HHSWKHPDURXQG\RXU KRPHRURI¿FHDVFRQVWDQWDQGUHJX ODUUHPLQGHUVRIWKHFRQWHQW\RX¶UH aiming to consolidate. • )LQGDYDULHW\RILPDJHVRIWKHKHUEV you’re learning to add to your notes or PRQRJUDSKV • 8VHDUHVRXUFHJXLGHWKDWLQFOXGHV LPDJHVRIWKHKHUEV
Mentha piperita
Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Introduction | iii What is Botanical Medicine? %RWDQLFDOKHUEDOPHGLFLQH SK\WRWKHUDS\ LV Note about invasive plants: Intro the art & science of using herbal remedies 3ODQWVXVHGIRUPHGLFLQDOSXUSRVHVKDYHJUHDWYDOXH to both treat and prevent illness, and in WRKXPDQKHDOWK KRZHYHUPDQ\SODQWVLQFOXGLQJ FOXGHVWKHXVHRIPHGLFLQDOSODQWVZKLFKDUH VRPHVSHFLHVPHQWLRQHGLQWKLVERRNDUHRUKDYH ERWKSRZHUIXO HJ)R[JORYH DQGJHQWOH HJ WKHSRWHQWLDOWREHFRPHLQYDVLYHLQVRPHMXULVGLFWLRQV &KDPRPLOH LQWKHLUHIIHFWV,WLV a healing DURXQGWKHZRUOG,QYDVLYHSODQWVDUHQRQQDWLYH technique that is inherently in tune with SODQWVWKDWKDYHEHHQPRYHGIURPRQHSDUWRIWKH DQGKDVEHHQGHVFULEHGDV³HFRORJL ZRUOGWRDQRWKHU:LWKFKDUDFWHULVWLFVWKDWDOORZWKHP nature, WRJURZSUROL¿FDOO\DQGLQWKHDEVHQFHRIQDWXUDO FDOKHDOLQJ´DVLWLVIURPRXUVKDUHGHFRORJLFDO SUHGDWRUV GLVHDVHVIXQJLLQVHFWVHWF WKHVHVSH DQGHYROXWLRQDU\KHULWDJHZLWKWKHSODQW cies can cause great environmental and economic NLQJGRPWKDWKHUEDOUHPHGLHVGRWKHLUZRUN KDUP,WLVDPDMRUFRQVHUYDWLRQLVVXHZRUOGZLGH 7KURXJKRXWKLVWRU\WKHFRPSOH[LQWHUDFWLRQV ,QYDVLYHSODQWVFDQEHDVXVHIXOEHDXWLIXODQG EHWZHHQSODQWVKXPDQVDQGRWKHUDQLPDOV DYDLODEOHDVQRQLQYDVLYHSODQWVEXWWKH\DUHQRW KDYHSURGXFHGDQLQWHJUDWHGELRORJLFDOPDWUL[ HDVLO\GLVWLQJXLVKDEOH3OHDVHFRQWDFW\RXUORFDO RIOLIH)RUKXPDQLW\RXUQHHGVKDYHDOZD\V JRYHUQPHQWRULQYDVLYHVSHFLHVRUJDQL]DWLRQWR EHHQPHWE\QDWXUHDQGWKHXVHRIERWDQLFDOV ¿QGRXWPRUHDERXWLQYDVLYHVSHFLHVRIFRQFHUQ ZKHUH\RXOLYHDQGZRUN3OHDVHXVHFDXWLRQZKHQ DVDVRXUFHRIKHDOLQJUHPHGLHVLVLQKHU SURSDJDWLQJRUKDQGOLQJDOOSODQWSDUWVDQGVHHGVWKDW HQWLQDOOFXOWXUHVDQGDFURVVDOOKLVWRULFDO DUHQRWQDWLYHWR\RXUSDUWLFXODUUHJLRQ,I\RXFKRRVH WLPHV7KHSODQWVWKHPVHOYHVDFWDVDEULGJH WRJURZLQYDVLYHSODQWVWDNHSUHFDXWLRQVWRDYRLG connecting us to various medical models and WKHLUVSUHDGLQWRWKHVXUURXQGLQJHQYLURQPHQWE\ WKHRULHVRIWKHSDVWZKLOHFRQWLQXLQJWRGLUHFW FRQWDLQLQJWKHSODQWVRUUHPRYLQJÀRZHUVDQGVHHGV RXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIKHDOWKDQGKHDOLQJLQWR EHIRUHWKH\DUHDEOHWRGLVSHUVH%HDZDUHWKDWWKHUH WKHIXWXUH +RIIPDQ PD\DOVREHOHJLVODWLRQJRYHUQLQJWKHWUDQVSRUWVDOH JURZWKXVHRUGLVSRVDORIVSHFLHVGHVLJQDWHGDV 7KHFXUUHQWUROHRISK\WRWKHUDS\UHPDLQVDQ invasive in your region. LPSRUWDQWRQHDVPDQ\SODQWVFRQWLQXHWREH 3OHDVHEHDUHVSRQVLEOHXVHURIDOOSODQWVXVHGIRU WKHIRXQGDWLRQRIPXFKRIPRGHUQPHGLFLQH ERWDQLFDOPHGLFLQHSXUSRVHVDQGWDNHSUHFDXWLRQVWR $ZLGHUDQJHRIGUXJVKDYHEHHQSURGXFHG HOLPLQDWHRUPLQLPL]HWKHLPSDFWRILQYDVLYHSODQWVRQ IURP\HDUVRIVFLHQWL¿FUHVHDUFKLQWRWKH WKHHQYLURQPHQWEH\RQG\RXUFOLQLFRUJDUGHQ DFWLYHLQJUHGLHQWVRISODQWUHPHGLHV)RU H[DPSOH$VSLULQFDPHIURP:LOORZ%DUNDQG DQWLFDQFHUGUXJVIURP3HULZLQNOH 5HFHQWVFLHQWL¿FDGYDQFHVZLWKLQWKHUHGXF WLRQLVWPHGLFDOPRGHOKDYHDLPHGWRLVRODWH & investigate individual plant compounds in DQDWWHPSWEHVWWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHLUHIIHFWV 7KHVHDUFKIRUDFWLYHLQJUHGLHQWVLQSODQWV KDVEHHQVXFFHVVIXOEXWLVOLPLWHGE\WKHYHU\ QDWXUHRIWKHSHUFHSWLRQVEHKLQGLW8VLQJ SUHVFULELQJSODQWVLQWKLVZD\OLPLWVWKHLUIXOO KHDOLQJSRZHU SRWHQWLDO7KHPRGHUQKHUEDO SUDFWLWLRQHUUHFRJQL]HVWKDWKHDOLQJLVPXFK PRUHWKDQVROHO\DGUXJKHUERUFRQVWLWXHQW DQGDVVWHZDUGVIRUWKHSODQWNLQJGRPZH PXVWDLPWR¿QGDPLGGOHJURXQGEHWZHHQ Achillea millefolium IRONHFOHFWLFKHUEDOWHDFKLQJVDQGWKDWRI (Yarrow) FRQYHQWLRQDOVFLHQWL¿FUHVHDUFK
iv | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Botanical Medicine Instructor Tips
³,VWKLVJRLQJWREHRQWKHWHVW"´±Yes, is always the correct answer ±/,)(,6&808/$7,9( Intro • If you require this Botanical Medicine text • /HDUQLQJQHZWHUPVLQFODVVFDQLQFRUSRUDWH LQFODVV\RXDUHIUHHWRFRS\SDJHVIURPWKLV NLQHVWKHWLFOHDUQLQJ±“Say it with me, ERRNA bonus question RQHYHU\TXL]LVD with a smile ƀ” KHOSVVWXGHQWVFRUUHODWH JRRGZD\WRJHWVWXGHQWVH[FLWHG SRVLWLYHDVVRFLDWLRQVZLWKWKHQHZWHUP DQGWKLVDFWLYLW\DOVRHQVXUHVFRUUHFW • Start each week with a quiz –WKLVDOORZV VWXGHQWVWRDFFXUDWHO\VHOIHYDOXDWHWKHLU SURQXQFLDWLRQZKLFKLVYHU\LPSRUWDQWLQ SURJUHVVWKURXJKWKHPDWHULDO$YRLGVWXGHQWV professional communication. FKDQJLQJWKHLUDQVZHUVE\VXJJHVWLQJ • “Get up, stand up”. Less desk time WKH\ZULWHWKHLUTXL]]HVLQSHQ$OZD\V aPLQXWHVPD[ DQGPRUHJURXS WHVWRQDQ\RIWKHPDWHULDO\RXFRYHUHYHQ ZRUNDQGKDQGVRQWLPHZLOOUHVXOWLQ RQOHVVRQVIURPWKH¿UVWGD\RIFODVV,WLV increased student performance and real LPSRUWDQWWRKROGVWXGHQWVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKH ZRUOGDSSOLFDWLRQV+DYHVWXGHQWVZRUN LQIRUPDWLRQ±WKLVHQIRUFHVVWXGHQWVWRUHYLHZ WKURXJKFDVHVWRJHWKHUIRUPXODWLQJ WKHPDWHULDOPRUHIUHTXHQWO\DQGLPSURYHV DQGGLVFXVVLQJKHUEDOSUHSDUDWLRQVDQG UHWDLQLQJRIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQ6WXGHQWVZLOO FUHDWLQJWKHPLQUHDOWLPH WKDQN\RXLQWKHHQG± remember, life is cumulative! • Start each class by asking if there are any questions IURPODVWGD\VPDWHULDORUWKH KRPHZRUNDVVLJQPHQWVLIWKHUHDUHQRQHRU IHZDVNVWXGHQWVWRJLYHWKHLULQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RIZKDWWKH\OHDUQHGODVWFODVV6WDUWZLWK EURDGFRQFHSWVVXFKDVKHUEDODFWLRQVDQG WKHQPRYHWRPRUHGHWDLOHGLQIRUPDWLRQVXFK as part used, family or dosing strategies. • Make your classroom a safe place to make PLVWDNHVDQGDVNTXHVWLRQV±it is OK to say “I don’t know.” :KLOHNHHSLQJDSRVLWLYH DQGUHVSHFWIXOLQWHUDFWLRQLQPLQG±FKDOOHQJH VWXGHQWVE\gently putting them on the spot to answer questions or demonstrate a skill. • Give a 5 minute review at the end of class to reinforce your important points and overall PHVVDJH$VNVWXGHQWVWRKHOS\RXUHFDOOWKH NH\SRLQWVIURPWKHFODVV
Cassia angustifolia
Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Introduction | v Plant Harvesting 3DUWRIWDNLQJSHUVRQDOUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRURXU • Spring ±HQHUJ\LVÀRZLQJXSWRWKH Intro KHDOWKOLHVLQWKHDELOLW\WRLGHQWLI\ JDWKHURXU SODQW¶VVWDONDQGRXWRIWKHURRWDQGLQWR RZQKHUEDOPHGLFLQHV WKHEXGGLQJOHDYHVWKXVWKLVLVDJRRG +DUYHVWLQJRXURZQKHUEDOPHGLFLQHVLQYROYHV VHDVRQIRUIUHVKOHDI\JUHHQV DGHHSVKRZRIUHVSHFW VWHZDUGVKLS • Summer ±HQHUJ\LVWDNHQIURPWKH WRZDUGVWKHSODQWNLQJGRPDQGDSSOLHVWKH OHDYHVXSLQWRWKHIUXLWV ÀRZHUV SULQFLSOHVRIKRUWLFXOWXUHWKHUDS\WRHQKDQFH • Fall ±HQHUJ\LVÀRZLQJEDFNGRZQ WKHLUWKHUDSHXWLFSRWHQWLDO,QWKHZRUGVRI LQWRWKHVWDONWREHVWRUHGLQWKHURRW KHUEDOLVW-DPHV*UHHQ “Harvesting is a way IRUZLQWHU:KHQKDUYHVWLQJURRWVLQ to call forth & receive Mother Nature’s love”. WKHIDOOWKHSODQWKDVWLPHWRÀRZHU ,WVKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGDVDFUHGSUDFWLFHWKDW go to seed, ensuring more plants for LVGRQHZLWKJUDWHIXOFRQVFLRXVQHVV FOHDU WKHIXWXUH FRPPXQLFDWLRQRIWKHUDSHXWLFLQWHQW • Full moon LVWKHRSWLPXPWLPHWR ,I\RXKDYHWKHVSDFHIRULWPDQ\PHGLFLQDO KDUYHVWDERYHJURXQGSDUWV OHDI SODQWVFDQHDVLO\EHJURZQDWKRPHLQ\RXU ÀRZHUVWHPDQGEDUN RZQJDUGHQRUHYHQRQSRWVRQDVPDOODSDUW PHQWSDWLR7KHDFWRI³:LOG&UDIWLQJ´ involves • New moon LVWKHWLPHIRUKDUYHVWLQJ KDUYHVWLQJDSODQWIURPZKHUHLWLVJURZLQJLQ WKHURRWV LW¶VQDWXUDOKDELWDWZKLOH³(FRORJLFDO+DUYHVW 7LSV HVVHQWLDOVEHIRUHKDUYHVWLQJLQFOXGH LQJ´LVIRXQGHGRQWKHNQRZOHGJHLQWHQW DF WLRQVRIWKRVHZKRKROGLQWKHLUKHDUWV PLQGV • 3URSHUSODQWLGHQWL¿FDWLRQ$VVXPHWKH a deep respect for plant our communities. UHVSQVLELOLW\WROHDUQWKHSODQWVDQGDF TXLUHWKHNQRZOHGJHRIWKHSDUWVXVHG :KHQKDUYHVWLQJ IRUPHGLFLQHDQGZKHQWKH\VKRXOGEH • /HDYHVÁRZHUVVWHPVDQGEDUN take KDUYHVWHG RQO\WKHPRVWYLWDOSDUWVRIWKHSODQW • (YDOXDWLRQRIWKHSODQW¶VHQYLURQPHQW FXWWLQJHLWKHUFORVHWRWKHJURXQGRUMXVW HJSHVWLFLGHXVH" YLWDOLW\ GRWKH WKHWRSIHZLQFKHV SODQWVORRNKHDOWK\" • Roots,ORRVHQWKHHDUWKDURXQGWKH SODQWZLWKDVKRYHORUWURZHOVRWKDW\RX FDQOLIWWKHZKROHURRWV\VWHPRXWJHQWO\ 2QFHUHPRYHG¿OOWKHVSDFHEDFNLQ ZLWKVRLO5RRWVVKRXOGEHKDUYHVWHGZLWK UHVSHFWVLQFHWKHSODQWPXVWEHNLOOHGIRU LWVURRWWREHJDWKHUHGDQGNHHSLQPLQG WKDWVRPHVORZHUJURZLQJURRWVFDQEH UHSODQWHGDIWHU\RX¶YHKDUYHVWHGZKDW you need. It’s ideal to harvest plants during the sea- son where their energy is most concentrat- ed in the part of the plant you are using. 3ODQWVDUHDIIHFWHGE\WKHWLPHRIGD\DQGWKH VHDVRQVFKDQJLQJWKURXJKRXWWKHPRQWKDV ZHOODVWKURXJKRXWWKH\HDU,QJHQHUDO Taccuino Sanitatis, late 14th century
vi | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Drying & Storing Herbs • +DYHDJRRGVKDUSNQLIHKHOSVKDQG\ • /HDYHVÀRZHUVVWHPVDQGEDUNFDQ VRDVQRWWRKDUPWKHSODQWE\SXOOLQJ DOVREHGULHGE\OD\LQJWKHPLQEDVNHWV or tearing. or on screens (nylon, not metal). De Intro • +DUYHVWZLWKJUDWLWXGH6KRZ\RXUDS SHQGLQJRQWKHZHDWKHUDQGWKHKHUE¶V SUHFLDWLRQLQZKDWHYHUZD\IHHOVJRRG PRLVWXUHFRQWHQW\RXUKHUEVPD\EH WR\RX \RXFDQOHDYHDQRIIHULQJ D FRPSOHWHO\GU\LQMXVWDFRXSOHGD\V SLHFHRI\RXUKDLUZDWHURUVSLWDVRQJ ZKLOHRWKHUVPD\WDNHVHYHUDOGD\V DSLQFKRIDQKHUERUDVLPSOHWKDQNV • 5RRWVVKRXOGEHZDVKHGDQGVOLFHG • +DUYHVWDEXQGDQFHRQO\DQGWDNH ZKLOHWKH\DUHIUHVK DUHHDVLHUWRFXW RQO\ZKDW\RXQHHGIURPHDFKSODQW DQGGULHGLQEDVNHWVRQVFUHHQV 1HYHUKDUYHVWRUGLVWXUEWKUHDWHQHGRU Storing Herbs endangered plants. • 'ULHGKHUEVVKRXOGEHVWRUHGLQDLUWLJKW Drying Herbs FRQWDLQHUV SUHIHUDEO\JODVVMDUV DQG • $HULDOSDUWVFDQEHGULHGLQEXQFKHV ODEHOHGFOHDUO\ VPDOOHQRXJKIRUDLUWRFLUFXODWHDURXQGVR • 7RKHOSPDLQWDLQWKHLUYLWDOLW\VWRUHWKHP WKHSODQWFDQGU\WKRURXJKO\7LHEXQFKHV LQDGU\DUHDDZD\IURPGLUHFWVXQOLJKW ZLWKVWULQJRUXVHUXEEHUEDQGVZKLFKZLOO extreme temperatures. DGMXVWDVWKHZDWHUHYDSRUDWHVDQGWKH • 0DQ\ERRNVZLOOWHOO\RXWRXVHGULHG VWHPVJHWVPDOOHU+DQJWKHSODQWVRXWRI OHDYHVÀRZHUVZLWKLQPRQWKVDQG GLUHFWVXQZLWKJRRGDLUFLUFXODWLRQ DYRLG GULHGURRWVZLWKLQ\HDUV+RZHYHUXVH IRRGGHK\UDWRUVDVWKH\¶UHWRRKRW \RXUMXGJPHQW \RXUVHQVHV VLJKW degrees C & circulation of air is ideal VPHOOWDVWH WRGHFLGHZKHWKHUDQKHUE or root still possesses its vital essence.
Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Introduction | vii Evidence Informed Medicine Evidence ‘Informed’ or ‘Based’ Medicine? Evidence Informed Practice Model Intro (YLGHQFH%DVHG0HGLFLQH (%0 LVWKH conscientious use of current best evidence in Healthcare PDNLQJGHFLVLRQVDERXWWKHDVVHVVPHQW FDUHRI Resources individual patients1$OOKHDOWKFDUHSURYLGHUVPXVW UHDOL]HWKDW(%0DORQHLVQRWHQRXJKIRUHIIHFWLYH XWLOL]DWLRQRIEHVWSUDFWLFHV PXVWEHLQWHJUDWHGZLWK WKHIROORZLQJIXQGDPHQWDODELOLWLHVWRPDNHevidence informedFOLQLFDOGHFLVLRQV Research Clinical Clinical Presentation • $GHWDLOHGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRISDWKRDQDWRP\ Evidence Expertise Experience H[SHUWLVHLQSHUIRUPLQJDKLVWRU\H[DPLQDWLRQ condition management (including referrals) • 8QGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHSDWLHQW¶VIDPLO\SHUVRQDO VRFLDOKLVWRU\ WKHFRPPXQLW\LQZKLFKWKH\OLYH Patient Preferences • 'HYHORSLQJDUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKWKHSDWLHQW & Actions IRUPHGE\PXWXDOUHVSHFW DQXQGHUVWDQGLQJ RIWKHLUGHVLUHVEHOLHIV YDOXHVWRKHOSFUHDWHD IXQFWLRQDOFRQWH[WIRUWKHUDSHXWLFGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ $QHYLGHQFHLQIRUPHGPHGLFLQH (,0 DSSURDFK Hierarchy of Evidence KHOSVWRSURPRWHOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJ OLEHUDWHV
FOLQLFLDQVIURPDUHOLDQFHRQWUDGLWLRQZKLFKIXUWKHU Practice SHUPLWVWKHFULWLFDOHYDOXDWLRQRIERWKWUDGLWLRQDO Guidelines DOWHUQDWLYHWKHUDSLHVRQDQHYHQSOD\LQJ¿HOG(,0 Systemic SXWVWKHSDWLHQWDWWKHFHQWHURIFDUHE\HPSKDVL]LQJ Reviews RXWFRPHPDUNHUVWKDWPDWWHUGLUHFWO\WRSDWLHQWV Synopsis in EBM VXFKDVSDLQDFWLYLWLHVRIGDLO\OLYLQJTXDOLW\RIOLIH journals & texts HYHQFRVW ¿QDQFLDO SHUVRQDO Original RCTs & other studies Why use Evidence-Informed Medicine? Expert Opinions & Consensus It provides a solid foundation for evaluation of QHZHYLGHQFHIURPWKHOLWHUDWXUHFULWLFDODSSUDLVDO Personal Experience (foundation) RIH[LVWLQJSUDFWLFHV WKHHIIHFWLYHXVHRIFOLQLFDO LQIRUPDWLRQJDWKHUHGIURPSDWLHQWV Gathering information? 3HUKDSVWKHPRVWGLUHFWFKDQJHGXHWR(,0LV 7REHXVHIXOinformation must be relevant WKHSRWHQWLDOLPSURYHPHQWLQFOLQLFDOHI¿FLHQF\ZKLFK to everyday practice, valid, easy to obtain & low UHVXOWVLQUHGXFHGKHDOWKFDUHFRVWVE\LPSURYLQJ cost. Knowing where to look for answers to clinical ERWKDVVHVVPHQW WUHDWPHQWDVZHOODVDQHW questions is an important skill. 0RVWFOLQLFLDQVJDWKHU LQFUHDVHLQHDUQLQJSRWHQWLDOIRULWVSURYLGHUVDVWKH\ LQIRUPDWLRQIURPDZLGHYDULHW\RIVRXUFHV
DUHEHWWHUDEOHWRFRPSHWHQWO\VHHPRUHSDWLHQWVLQD 6WUDXV6(HWDO(YLGHQFH%DVHG0HGLFLQHWK(GLWLRQ&KXUFKLOO/LYLQJVWRQH given time period. (GLQEXUJK
Information source Relevance Validity Work Cost Usefulness (YLGHQFHEDVHGWH[WERRNZHEVLWH +LJK +LJK /RZ Low High 6\VWHPDWLFUHYLHZ HYLGHQFHEDVHG +LJK +LJK /RZ High High $VNLQJFROOHDJXHV +LJK Mod /RZ Low High-mod 3UDFWLFHJXLGHOLQHV HYLGHQFHEDVHG Mod +LJK /RZ Low High-mod Practice guidelines (consensus) Mod Mod /RZ Low Mod 2ULJLQDOMRXUQDODUWLFOHV /RZ +LJK 9HU\+LJK High Low
ProHealth resources are relevant to everyday practice, valid, easy to obtain & free or low cost!
viii | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Botanical Research Issues :KLOHWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIFKRRVLQJ XVLQJKHUEV 4XHVWLRQVWRDVN\RXUVHOIZKLOHHYDOXDWLQJWKH EDVHGRQWKHEHVWDYDLODEOHHYLGHQFHFDQQRWEH VWUHQJWKRIDKHUEDOVWXG\LQFOXGH LJQRUHGVXFKHYLGHQFHFDQFRPHIURPDYDULHW\
RISODFHVDQGDWWLPHVWKHWUDGLWLRQDO IRONXVDJH • Was the study done in vitro or in vivo (animal Intro RISODQWVPXVWEHYDOXHGDVHTXDOO\LPSRUWDQW models or in humans?) The modern herbalist must approach modern • Does the study describe how the herb was research methods discriminatelyDQGFKRRVH prepared and/or extracted? KRZPXFKZHLJKWWRSODFHRQPHFKDQLVWLFYV YLWDOLVWLFPHGLFDO UHVHDUFKPRGHOV7KLVSURFHVV • Is the dose & preparation relevant to what ZLOOKHOSXVGHFLGHLIDVWXG\¶V¿QGLQJVZLOODFFXUDWHO\ people would actually use? WUDQVODWHLQWRWKHUHDOZRUOGDQGXOWLPDWHO\WKHKHDO • :KDWVSHFL¿FFRQFOXVLRQVZKHUHGUDZQ ing of our patients. Important factors to consider to regarding the herbs effects? HIIHFWLYHO\HYDOXDWHWKHVWUHQJWK UHOHYDQFH¿QGLQJV SHUWDLQLQJWRKHUEDOPHGLFLQHLQFOXGH • What is known known regarding the quality or standardization of the herbal extract? • $QXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIGLIIHUHQWUHVHDUFK PHWKRGRORJLHV • Did the study acknowledge the potential for a plant’s synergistic effects or focus on the • $QDVVHVVPHQWRIWKHVWUHQJWK OLPLWDWLRQVRI isolation of individual compounds? WKHUHVHDUFKPHWKRGHPSOR\HG • Who conducted the study? Were there any :KLOH5&7VDUHJHQHUDOO\FRQVLGHUHGWKHµJROGVWDQ FRQÀLFWVRILQWHUHVWLQYROYHG" GDUG¶RIHYLGHQFHEDVHGPHGLFLQHFRQFOXVLRQVFDQ EHGUDZQLQFRUUHFWO\IURPWULDOGDWD WKHUHOHYDQFH • Is the traditional or folk use of the plant repre- RIWKHLU¿QGLQJVLQUHODWLRQWRKHUEDOPHGLFLQHDUH sented or explored at all by the authors? TXHVWLRQDEOHGXHWR In vitro studies are conducted on cells or • )LQGLQJVQRWEHLQJUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIWKHLQGL PROHFXOHVRXWVLGHRIWKHLUELRORJLFDOHQYLURQ YLGXDO HJKHDOWKVWDWXVFRPRUELGLWLHV PHQW LHLQWHVWWXEHV DQGLVXVXDOO\WKH • Plant species & potentcy used are often not HDVLHVWW\SHRIUHVHDUFKWRFRQGXFW$VWKH LGHQWL¿HG ERG\ZRXOGPHWDEROL]HWKHVHFRPSRXQGVGLI IHUHQWO\WKDQZKDW¶VGRQHLQSHWULHGLVKWKHVH • Only providing explanations for associa ¿QGLQJVVKRXOGEHFDUHIXOO\H[DPLQHGEHIRUH WLRQVEHWZHHQDVSHFL¿FLQWHUYHQWLRQDQGLW¶V GUDZLQJDQ\FRQFOXVLRQV outcome • 'DWDFDQEHPDQLSXODWHGRUPLVLQWHUSUHWHG In vivo studies are performed or take place WKURXJKÀDZHGVWDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLV RWKHU LQDOLYLQJRUJDQLVP6XEVWDQFHVDUHPRVW FRQIRXQGLQJYDULDEOHV HJGURSRXUUDWHV often tested in animals (usually mice) to as 5HVHDUFKPHWKRGROJLHVZKLFKPD\EHRIJUHDWHURU VHVVELRORJLFDOHIIHFWV VDIHW\EHIRUHEHLQJ HTXDOVLJQL¿FDQFHWRKHUEDOLVWVZLOOLQFOXGH WHVWHGLQKXPDQV • Observational studies REVHUYHDJURXSRI Mechanism of action studies, investigate SHRSOHWRGUDZLQIHUHQFHVRIWKHHIIHFWVRID WKHELRORJLFDODFWLYLW\RIKHUEEDVHGRQLW¶V treatment. UHFRUGHGWUDGLWLRQDORUIRONXVDJH&DQEH • Systematic reviews DUHDQDQDO\VLVRUUHYLHZ GRQHLQYLWURRULQYLYRWRVHHKRZSDUWLFXODU RIWKHFXUUHQWOLWHUDWXUH:KHUHERWDQLFDOVDUH KHUEVRUFRPSRXQGVDIIHFWFHUWDLQFHOOV FRQFHUQHGWKH\XVXDOO\FRQFOXGHZLWK³PRUH • 1RWH 0DQ\QDWXUDOVXEVWDQFHVFDQKDYHDQ VWXGLHVDUHQHHGHG´ HIIHFWLQYLWURRULQDQLPDOVZKLOHUHDFKLQJ • Meta analyses are similar to systematic VXFKGRVDJHDPRXQWVLQKXPDQVZRXOG UHYLHZVEXWXVHVWKHUDZGDWDIURPWULDOV QRWEHIHDVLEOH*HQHUDOO\FRQFHQWUDWLRQV SRROVLWWRJHWKHUIRUDODUJHUVWDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLV !PJP/DUHXQOLNHO\WREHUHDFKHGLQ ZLWKJUHDWHUSRZHU SHRSOHWDNLQJKHUEVRUDOO\
Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Introduction | ix History Taking in Botanical Medicine
([DPLQHUPXVWVLJQ GDWHHDFKHQWU\XVHLQN SHUKDSVPRVWLPSRUWDQWO\ZULWHOHJLEO\ GLI¿FXOWWDVN Intro IRUPDQ\ſ 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKHSOAPQRWHLVWRSURYLGHDUHFRUGRIWKHSDWLHQW¶VsubjectiveFRQFHUQWKH examiner’s objective¿QGLQJV assessment/actionsWKHORQJWHUPPDQDJHPHQWplan.
HIP- MNRS = basic clinic protocol History Inspection Palpation Motion Neurovascular Screen Referred Pain, Special Tests
Subjective - History (OPQRST) • 5HFRUGRILQIRUPDWLRQSURYLGHGE\WKHSDWLHQW GLUHFWTXRWHVZKHQSRVVLEOH • +RZKDVWKHSDWLHQWUHVSRQGHGVLQFHODVWWUHDWPHQW" • Create a differential diagnosis list to guide PE 2EMHFWLYH3K\VLFDO([DP 3( ÀQGLQJV • *HQHUDOREVHUYDWLRQVRISDWLHQW¶VSK\VLFDOSUHVHQWDWLRQ • +RZZRXOG\RXGHVFULEHWKHLURYHUDOOGHPHDQRU YLWDOLW\" • 3HUIRUPIRFXVHGSK\VLFDOH[DPEDVHGRQWKHLUFKLHIFRPSODLQWV I O • 6SHFL¿FPHDVXUHPHQWV EORRGSUHVVXUHYLWDOVIXQFWLRQDOWHVWVODEZRUN etc. P Narrow down differential diagnosis M N Assessment create working DDx R • 'HFLGHZKDW\RXDUHWUHDWLQJ JLYHWKHFRQGLWLRQ V DQDPH • Stage DFXWHVXEDFXWHFKURQLFFKURQLFUHFXUUHQW S • Severity - mild, moderate, sever, or grade 1, 2, 3 A • E.g Stage 2 adrenal fatigue with acute sleep onset insomnia • 5HFRUGJOREDOVWDWHPHQWRISDWLHQW¶VFXUUHQWFRQGLWLRQclinical impression • ,QGLFDWHZKHWKHUWKHSDWLHQWLVLPSURYLQJRUQRW Plan - treatment plan & follow-up • 'LVFXVVZLWKSDWLHQWPAR-Q (procedures, alternatives, risks & questions) • Record treatment given during visit • )XOOERWDQLFDOIRUPXODSUHVFULEHGLQFOXGLQJKHUEVUDWLRVWUHQJWKV SHUFHQWDJHVJUDPVPOVXVHGGRVLQJIUHTXHQF\ WLPLQJ Tx P • 7KHUDSHXWLFGLHWVXSSOHPHQWDWLRQDQGOLIHVW\OHUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV • 5HFRUGDQ\IXWXUHSODQVLIWKHUHLVVRPHWKLQJ\RXZLVKWRH[DPLQHWUHDWPHQW RUWHVW\RXZLVKWRRUGHURQDIXWXUHYLVLW Record response to treatment - schedule follow-up visit x | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak History Taking in Botanical Medicine In order to ensure optimum treatment outcomes IRRGV"FHUWDLQDFWLYLWLHV"7LPHRIGD\" & patient compliance it is important to educate • $UHV\PSWRPVJHWWLQJZRUVH SURJUHVVLYH " DQGLQIRUPFOLHQWVUHJDUGLQJWKHLQWHQWLRQDQG *HWWLQJEHWWHU"6WD\LQJWKHVDPH" FRXUVHRIWUHDWPHQWZKHQXVLQJKHUEDOSURWRFROV • 3ULRUKLVWRU\ KDVWKLVHYHUKDSSHQHG Intro 6RPHXVHIXOTXHVWLRQVWRDVNZKHQJHWWLQJ EHIRUH":KHQ"+RZORQJ":KDWGLG\RX VWDUWHGLQFOXGH GRDERXWLW" • :KDWLV\RXUFXUUHQWOHYHORIH[SHULHQFH ZLWKXVLQJKHUEDOPHGLFLQHV" Quality • $UHWKHUHDQ\KHUEVRUÀDYRXUV\RXHLWKHU • $VNSDWLHQWWRGHVFULEHV\PSWRPVLQWKHLU HQMR\RUGLVOLNH" HJOLFRULFH RZQZRUGV XVHSDWLHQW¶VZRUGVLQTXRWD • 'R\RXHQMR\GULQNLQJDQGPDNLQJKHUEDO WLRQVHJVKDUSGXOOHWF WHDV" • 'R\RXKDYHDVWHHSHUDWKRPH" Severity/effect on ADL • $UH\RXXQFRPIRUWDEOHXVLQJDQKHUEDO • :RXOG\RXGHVFULEH\RXUV\PSWRPVDVPLOG WLQFWXUHNQRZLQJWKDWWKH\FRQWDLQ PRGHUDWHRUVHYHUH"8VHVFDOH DOFRKRO" • &DQ\RXJRWRZRUN"$IIHFWSHUIRUPDQFH" • :RXOG\RXSUHIHUWRWDNHKHUEDOPHGLFLQH $IIHFWKREELHV"6H[XDODFWLYLW\"6LPSOH in liquid (e.g. tea or tincture) or capsule DFWLYLWLHVVXFKDVSXWWLQJRQDVKLUW" *HW IRUP" DVVHVVFRPSOLDQFH VSHFL¿FDFWLYLWLHV Review intake questionnaire Modifying Factors • 3ULRUWREHJLQQLQJWKHSDWLHQWKLVWRU\WKH • :KDWLQFUHDVHV\RXUFXUUHQWV\PSWRPVRU SDWLHQWLQWDNHTXHVWLRQQDLUHVKRXOGEH SDLQ" UHYLHZHGWRKHOSEHWWHUSRLQWRXWVSHFL¿F • :KDWPDNHVLWEHWWHU" HJDYRLGDQFHRI areas on interest or coexisting conditions IRRGVFKDQJLQJSRVWXUHUHVWPRYHPHQW • Why are they seeking care? PHGLFDWLRQVVXSSOHPHQWVERWDQLFDOV • How can I help you today? GRVH IUHTXHQF\" Major Health Concerns (Chief Concerns) Associated Symptoms • :KDWDUHWKHPDMRUKHDOWKFRQFHUQVWKDW • 'R\RXKDYHDQ\RWKHUV\PSWRPVRU EURXJKW\RXKHUHWRGD\" SUREOHPVWKDW\RXIHHODUHUHODWHGWR\RXU • :KHQZDVWKHODVWWLPH\RXUHPHPEHU FKLHIFRPSODLQW" IHHOLQJZHOORUZLWKRXW\RXUV\PSWRPV" • $VNWKHSDWLHQW³7KLQNRIWKHODVWZHHN Treatment (Previous & Current) KRZZRXOG\RXUDWH\RXUTXDOLW\RIOLIH"´ • +DYH\RXHYHUWDNHQRUXVHGKHUEDOPHGL H[FHOOHQWYHU\JRRGPRGHUDWHEDG FLQHEHIRUH" YHU\EDG • +DYH\RXHYHUUHFHLYHGDQ\RWKHUSULRUFDUH IRU\RXUFRPSODLQWV",I\HVZKDWIRU"'LG Onset (what happened & when?) LWKHOS"7KLVZLOOWHOOZKDWKDV KDVQRW • :KHQGLGWKHFRQGLWLRQ V EHJLQ" ZRUNHGSUHYLRXVO\ KXJHFOLQLFDOYDOXH • :DVWKHRQVHWJUDGXDORUVXGGHQ":KDW • $UH\RXFXUUHQWO\UHFHLYLQJFDUHIURPDQ\ PLJKWKDYHFDXVHGLW" RWKHU+&3" • :KRGLG\RXVHH":KHQ" Chronology/Timing (symptom patterns) • :KDWWHVWV ODEZRUNRULPDJLQJ ZHUHGRQH" • $UHV\PSWRPVFRQVWDQWRULQWHUPLWWHQW :KDWZHUHWKHUHVXOWV" HSLVRGLF " • :KDWZDVWKHGLDJQRVLV":KDWWUHDWPHQW" • ,IFRQVWDQWLVLWWUXO\KRXUVDGD\"'RHV 'LGLWKHOS" LWSUHYHQWVOHHS" • ,ILQWHUPLWWHQW LVLWDVVRFLDWHGZLWKVSHFL¿F Review of Systems (if indicated) FLUFXPVWDQFHV" HJHDWLQJFHUWDLQ Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Introduction | 1 Botanical Review of Systems General • Nose/Sinuses: UKLQRUUKHD UXQQ\QRVH Intro VWXI¿QHVVGLVFKDUJH FRORUFRQVLVWHQF\ • :HLJKWDYHUDJHUHFHQWFKDQJHV SUXULWXV LWFKLQJ HSLVWD[LV QRVHEOHHGV minimum, maximum SDLQRYHUVLQXVHVKD\IHYHUIUHTXHQWFROGV • Weakness, fatigue, fever • Throat/Mouth: sores, lesions, condition • 6ZHDWVFKLOOV RIWHHWKDQGJXPVdental caries, loss of • $QRUH[LD WHHWKGHQWXUHVEOHHGLQJVRUHWKURDW KRDUVHQHVVFKDQJHLQWDVWHEDGWDVWH • Insomnia (can’t sleep) PDORGRURXVEUHDWKGU\PRXWKODVWGHQWDO • +\SHUVRPQROHQFH VOHHSDOOWKHWLPH exam • Neck: SDLQVZHOOLQJOLPLWVLQUDQJHRI PRWLRQRUVWLIIQHVVOXPSVVZROOHQO\PSK Skin QRGHVRU³VZROOHQJODQGV´ • /HVLRQVOXPSVJURZWKVVRUHV • 0ROHVFKDQJHLQFRORUSLJPHQWDWLRQ Cardiovascular HUXSWLRQVUDVKHV • +LVWRU\RIKHDUWGLVHDVH • 3UXULWXV LWFKLQJ • &KHVWSDLQ H[HUWLRQDOQRQH[HUWLRQDO • 'U\QHVVH[FHVVLYHVZHDWLQJ associated symptoms) • (DV\EUXLVLQJ • 2UWKRSQHD GLVFRPIRUWEUHDWKLQJE\O\LQJ • &KDQJHVLQQDLOVKDLU ÀDW • %LUWKPDUNV • PND (Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspena) • &KDQJHLQWHPSHUDWXUH • '\VSQHDRQH[HUWLRQ VKRUWQHVVRIEUHDWK • (GHPDF\DQRVLV EOXHVNLQ Head, Eye, Ears, Nose, Throat • 3DOSLWDWLRQV LUUHJXODUKHDUWEHDWV • Head:KHDGDFKHKHDGLQMXU\FKDQJH • Loss of consciousness LQVL]HGHIRUPLW\GL]]LQHVVV\QFRSH • +\SHUWHQVLRQKHDUWPXUPXU OLJKWKHDGHG YHUWLJR VSLQQLQJ • &ODXGLFDWLRQ OLPSLQJFDOIPXVFOH • Eyes:XVHRIJODVVHVFRQWDFWVSDLQ ZHDNQHVV GLSORSLD GRXEOHYLVLRQ JODXFRPD FDWDUDFWVLWFKLQJVSRWVSKRWRSKRELD • 7KURPERSKOHELWLV LQÀDPHGYHLQV FRORUEOLQGQHVVQLJKWEOLQGQHVVEOXUU\ • Varicosities (dilated veins) YLVLRQSWRVLV GURRS\H\HOLGV KDORV ULQJVDURXQGOLJKWV VFRWRPDWD EOLQG • 5D\QDXG¶V3KHQRPHQRQ ELODWHUDOF\DQRVLV VSRW UHGQHVVWHDULQJGLVFKDUJH FRORU of digits) consistency), use of eye drops, last eye exam Gastrointestinal • Ears:SDLQKHDULQJORVVGHDIQHVV • &KDQJHLQDSSHWLWH GLVFKDUJH FRORUFRQVLVWHQF\EORRG\ infections, tinnitus (ringing), vertigo, • $EGRPLQDOSDLQGLI¿FXOW\SDLQZLWK SUXULWXV LWFKLQJ XVHRIKHDULQJDLG VZDOORZLQJ 2 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Botancial Review of Systems • +HDUWEXUQLQGLJHVWLRQEORDWLQJEHOFKLQJ • Hesitancy (involuntary delay) QDXVHDYRPLWLQJKHPDWHPHVLV YRPLWLQJ • ,QFRQWLQHQFHFKDQJHLQIRUFHRIVWUHDP EORRG MDXQGLFH • 'ULEEOLQJSDVVDJHRIDLUVWRQH Intro • )RRGLQWROHUDQFHRUDOOHUJLHV • Enuresis (leakage of urine) • )UHTXHQF\RIERZHOPRYHPHQWV • Past infections • &KDQJHLQERZHOKDELWV IUHTXHQF\ FRQVLVWHQF\FDOLEHUFRQVWLSDWLRQ GLDUUKHD PHOHQD GDUNFRORUHGVWRROV Female KHPDWRFKH]LD EORRG\VWRROV FOD\FRORUHG stools, mucus (passing mucus • %UHDVW OXPSVSDLQVZHOOLQJRUQLSSOH GLVFKDUJH 8VHRIVHOIH[DPODVW • ([FHVVLYHEHOFKLQJRUSDVVLQJRIJDV mammogram • ,QFRQWLQHQFH LQDELOLW\WRSUHYHQWGLVFKDUJH • 0HQVWUXDOKLVWRU\ RQVHWF\FOHGXUDWLRQ • +HPRUUKRLGVUHFWDOLWFKLQJEXUQLQJ DPRXQWRIÀRZFKDQJHLQF\FOH /03 DPHQRUUKHD ORVVRIF\FOH PHQRUUKDJLD • 5HFWDOGLVFKDUJHSDLQ H[FHVVLYHPHQVHV PHWURUUKDJLD • Laxative use (irregular menses), associated pain or • +LVWRU\RIKHSDWLWLVRUJDOOEODGGHUGLVHDVH PMS symptoms • &RQWUDFHSWLYHKLVWRU\ • Previous pregnancies (deliveries, Respiratory DERUWLRQVFRPSOLFDWLRQVRXWFRPHV • &RXJKVSXWXP FRORUTXDQWLW\ • ([SRVXUHWR'(6 GLHWK\OVWLOEHVWURO KHPRSW\VLV EORRGIURPOXQJVEURQFKXV • 9DJLQDOGLVFKDUJHSUXULWXVDEVFHVV • :KHH]LQJDVWKPDHPSK\VHPD EURQFKLWLVSQHXPRQLDWXEHUFXORVLV sores, lesions, infections, STI’s, PID 3HOYLF,QÀDPPDWRU\'LVHDVH 535 pleurisy VWDWXV 5DSLG3ODVPD5HDJLQWHVW± • 6KRUWQHVVRIEUHDWK V\SKLOLV +,9VWDWXV • /DVWFKHVW[UD\ • 3UHYLRXV3$3V • 3UREOHPZLWKLQWHUFRXUVH SDLQ Genitourinary VDWLVIDFWLRQOLELGR VH[XDORULHQWDWLRQ QXPEHURISDUWQHUV • )UHTXHQF\RIXULQDWLRQ • $JHDWPHQRSDXVH • '\VXULD GLI¿FXOW\SDLQXULQDWLRQ • 3RVWPHQRSDXVDOEOHHGLQJ • +HPDWXULD EORRGLQXULQH • 0HQRSDXVDOV\PSWRPV KRWÀDVKHV • &KDQJHLQFRORURIXULQH PRRGVZLQJVFKDQJHVLQYDJLQDO • Polyuria (excess urine) OXEULFDWLRQ • 1RFWXULD SHHDORWDWQLJKW • 2OLJXULD QRWPXFKXULQH DQXULD QRXULQH Male • )ODQNVXSUDSXELFSDLQ • +HUQLDVSHQLOHGLVFKDUJH • Retention (can’t fully void) • Sores, testicular pain or lumps • Urgency (desire to void) Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Introduction | 3 Botancial Review of Systems • STI’s, RPR 5DSLG3ODVPD5HDJLQWHVW± • )UHTXHQWIDOOVWUHPRULQYROXQWDU\ Intro V\SKLOLV HIV status movement • 6H[XDORULHQWDWLRQQXPEHURISDUWQHUV • Weakness, loss of muscle mass, paralysis • 3UREOHPVZLWKLQWHUFRXUVH LPSRWHQFH • Clumsiness, pain satisfaction, sex drive) • 1XPEQHVVSDUHVWKHVLD DEQRUPDO • Contraceptive use VHQVDWLRQEXUQLQJWLFNOLQJ K\SHUHVWKHVLD DEQRUPDODFXWHQHVVWRWRXFK G\VDUWKULD Endocrine VSHHFKFKDQJH • *RLWHUH[RSKWKDOPRV H\HEDOOVSURWUXGH • &KDQJLQJLQKDQGZULWLQJ • +RWFROGLQWROHUDQFHFRQVWLSDWLRQGLDUUKHD • ,QFRQWLQHQFH ERZHORUXULQH • 7UHPRUH[FHVVLYHVZHDWLQJ • 3DOSLWDWLRQVFKDQJHLQYRLFH Psychiatric • 6NLQFKDQJHVKDLUGLVWULEXWLRQ • $ELOLW\WRGHDOZLWKVWUHVV • 6HFRQGDU\VH[FKDUDFWHULVWLFV • 1HUYRXVQHVVDQ[LHW\PRRGVZLQJV • &KDQJHVLQERG\FRQWRXURUZHLJKW depression, crying spells, panic attacks • &KDQJHVLQKDWJORYHVKRHVL]H • &KDQJHLQPHPRU\HDUO\DZDNHQLQJ • Polyuria (increase urine), polydipsia SUREOHPVVOHHSLQJORVVRIHQHUJ\ LQFUHDVHWKLUVW SRO\SKDJLD LQFUHDVH • &KDQJHLQOLELGRVXLFLGDOWKRXJKWV eating) • &KDQJHLQDSSHWLWHELQJHHDWLQJSXUJLQJ • 6WULDH VWUHWFKPDUNV • Excessive exercising • $FQHSLJPHQWDWLRQ • ParanoiaKDOOXFLQDWLRQVGLVWXUELQJ • ,QIHUWLOLW\GLDEHWHVWK\URLGGLVRUGHUV WKRXJKWV Musculoskeletal GOALs • 3DLQLQDQH[WUHPLW\MRLQWSDLQ • :KDWLV\RXUGHVLUHGJRDOIRU\RXUFOLQLF • 6ZHOOLQJUHGQHVVVWLIIQHVVGHIRUPLW\ YLVLW" ZDUPWK • ,GHDOO\ZKDWVWDWHRIKHDOWKFDQ\RX • Limited range of motion, YLVXDOL]HDFKLHYLQJIRU\RXUVHOI" • &UHSLWDWLRQ FUDFNLQJMRLQWV note location • ,QZKDWIRUPGR\RXEHOLHYH\RXZLOOEHEHVW RIHDFKMRLQWLQYROYHG DEOHWRFRPSO\ZLWK\RXUKHUEDOWUHDWPHQW" (e.g. teas, tinctures, capsules etc.) • +LVWRU\RIDUWKULWLVPXVFOHSDLQJRXW EDFNDFKHQHFNSDLQVLJQL¿FDQWWUDXPD • ,VWKHUHDQ\WKLQJHOVH\RXFDQWHOOPHDERXW \RXUFRQGLWLRQWKDW,KDYHQRWDVNHG" Neurologic Create a differential diagnosis list to help • 6\QFRSHGL]]LQHVVVHL]XUHVYHUWLJR direct physical exam, select special tests or referral for co-management • $WD[LD XQFRRUGLQDWHGPRYHPHQWV OLPS 4 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Botanical History Taking Past Medical History KRVSLWDOL]DWLRQWUDXPD )HPDOHV LQMXULHV • :KHQZDV\RXUODVW*<1H[DP • +DYH\RXHYHUKDGDQ\VHULRXV 3$3VPHDU":KDWZHUHWKHUHVXOWV" Intro LOOQHVV HV ":KDWZHUHDUHWKHUHVLGXDO • )HPDOHVRYHU +DYH\RXKDGD HIIHFWV" PDPPRJUDP"+RZRIWHQ" • +DYH\RXHYHUEHHQKRVSLWDOL]HG" • :KDWZHUHWKHUHVXOWV" • +DYH\RXKDGDQ\VXUJHULHV" Males • :DVWKHUHDQ\GLDJQRVWLFLPDJLQJ • 0DOHV 'R\RXSHUIRUPVHOI GRQH" HJ;5D\V05, :KDWZHUH WHVWLFXODUH[DP"+DYH\RXHYHUEHHQ WKH¿QGLQJV" WDXJKWKRZWR" • +DYH\RXH[SHULHQFHGDQ\SK\VL • 0DOHVRYHU +DYH\RXHYHUKDGD FDOPHQWDORUHPRWLRQDOWUDXPDWKDW UHFWDOH[DPRUODEWHVWVWRHYDOXDWH UHTXLUHGWUHDWPHQWRUVKRXOGKDYH \RXUSURVWDWH",I\HVZKDWZHUHWKH EHHQWUHDWHG" UHVXOWV" • :HUHWKHUHDQ\UHVLGXDOSUREOHPVRU SURORQJHGVLGHHIIHFWV" Family History • $UHWKHUHDQ\KHDOWKFRQGLWLRQVWKDW Medications & Supplements UXQLQ\RXUIDPLO\" HJGLDEHWHV • $UH\RXFXUUHQWO\WDNLQJDQ\SUHVFULEHG KLJKEORRGSUHVVXUHVWURNHKHDUW PHGLFDWLRQV" disease, cancer) • $UH\RXFXUUHQWO\WDNLQJDQ\RYHUWKH • ,¶GOLNHWRVWDUWZLWK\RXUPRWKHU,V FRXQWHUPHGLFDWLRQV" VKHDOLYH"'RHVVKHKDYHDQ\KHDOWK • $UH\RXFXUUHQWO\WDNLQJDQGKHUEV SUREOHPV"+RZDERXW\RXUPRWKHU¶V YLWDPLQVRUQXWUDFHXWLFDOV" PRWKHU"+RZDERXW\RXUPRWKHU¶V IDWKHU" Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Introduction | 5 Botanical History Taking Lifestyle Habits )RUKRZORQJ":KHQGLG\RXVWRS" Intro 3K\VLFDODFWLYLW\ ([HUFLVH • 'UXJV 'R\RXXVHDQ\UHFUHDWLRQDO • 'HVFULEH\RXURYHUDOO¿WQHVVOHYHO GUXJV":KDW")RUKRZORQJ" UHLWHUDWH SDWLHQWFRQ¿GHQWLDOLW\LIQHHGHG • Do you participate in regular H[HUFLVH" GHVFULEHW\SHLQWHQVLW\ frequency) Diet History • Rate your overall diet for me (good, Stressors & Social Support fair, poor) • +DYHWKHUHEHHQDQ\VLJQL¿FDQW • 'R\RXDGKHUHWRDQ\SDUWLFXODUW\SHRI VWUHVVHVLQ\RXUOLIHODWHO\" HJ diet (e.g vegan, vegetarian, paleo etc.) GHDWKVGLYRUFHIDPLO\ZRUN • :KDWGR\RXW\SLFDOO\HDWIRUEUHDN • :KDWUHVRXUFHVGR\RXKDYHIRUFRS IDVW"/XQFK"'LQQHU"6QDFNV" LQJZLWKVWUHVV" • :KDWGR\RXGULQNWKURXJKRXWWKHGD\" • 'R\RXIHHO\RXKDYHDGHTXDWHVXS • +RZPXFKZDWHUGR\RXGULQNDGD\" SRUWDQGRUVRFLDOQHWZRUNV" • +RZRIWHQGR\RXHDWYHJHWDEOHV" )UXLW"6ZHHWV")DVWIRRG" Alcohol: • Do you limit or restrict any foods for • 'R\RXGULQNDOFRKRO"7\SH"+RZ SUHIHUHQFHRUHWKLFDOUHDVRQV" RIWHQGR\RXGULQN"+RZPXFK",I\RX KDYHFRQFHUQDERXWSDWLHQW¶VGULQNLQJ Sleep &$*( • 'R\RXKDYHDQ\LVVXHVIDOOLQJRUVWD\ • +DYH\RXHYHUIHOWWKHQHHGWR LQJDVOHHS" CXWGRZQRQGULQNLQJ" • +RZPDQ\KRXUVGR\RXVOHHSHDFK • Have you ever felt QQR\HGE\ A QLJKW" FULWLFLVPRIGULQNLQJ" • 'R\RXZDNHXSDWDOOGXULQJWKHQLJKW" • +DYH\RXKDG Guilty feelings HJWRXULQDWH ,IVRGR\RXNQRZ DERXWGULQNLQJ" ZKDWWLPH" • Have you ever taken a morning • +DYHWKHUHEHHQDQ\UHFHQWFKDQJHV" “E\HRSHQHU"´ • 'R\RXIHHO\RXJHWHQRXJKVOHHS" • $UH\RXDYLYLGGUHDPHU" Smoking & Drug Use: • 7KHVHDUHLPSRUWDQWTXHVWLRQVWRDVN GR127SDVVMXGJHPHQWRUPDNH WKHFOLHQWIHHOVHOIFRQFLRXVDERXW WKHUHDQVZHUV\RXURI¿FHVKRXOGEH DVDIHSODFHIRUKRQHVW\ • 'R\RXXVHRUKDYH\RXHYHUXVHG WREDFFRSURGXFWVVPRNH":KDWGR \RXXVH"+RZPXFKGR\RXVPRNH" 6 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Food is Medicine 7KHWHQGHQF\FDQEHWRYLHZIRRG PHGLFLQH Culinary herbs & spices deserve special DVWZRGLIIHUHQWWKLQJVWKLVVKRXOGQRWEHWKH PHQWLRQIRUWKHLUPHGLFLQDOYDOXHLQFRRNLQJ case. Medicinal herbs can and should be 7KH\¶UHWUDGLWLRQDOO\DURPDWLFSODQWVULFKLQ Food considered to be of the same therapeutic YRODWLOHRLOVWKDWDUHXVHGWRDGGÀDYRXUWRD DQGWKHLUXVHKHOSVEXLOG order as foods GLVKZKHQIUHVKRUGULHG WKHKHDOWKRIYDULRXVERG\V\VWHPVUDWKHU WKDQMXVWEHLQJPHGLFLQHVWKDWFRUUHFWVSHFL¿F 7KH\DUHIRRGVFRQVXPHGIRUKHDOWKUHDVRQV SUREOHPV7KXVSODQWVFDQEHFODVVL¿HGLQWR WKRXJKQRWLQWKHVDPHTXDQWLWLHVDVUHJXODU PDLQFDWHJRULHV nutrient, medicinal-nutri- IRRGVDQGZRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGPHGLFLQDO ent, and medicinal. foods. :KLOHVRPHSODQWVPD\EHFRQVLGHUHGWREH How to use Herbs as Food: IRRGVIRUQRUPDOFRQVXPSWLRQWKHUHDUHRWKHU • 6RXSVVWRFNV EURWKV WKDWDUHPRUHPHGLFLQDODQGVKRXOGEHXVHG ZLWKFDXWLRQDVLQKLJKHUGRVHVWKH\PD\KDYH • 6PRRWKLHV *UXHOV 3RUULGJH WKHSRWHQWLDOIRUWR[LFLW\FRQFHUQV • &RPSRWHV -DPV 7KHKHUEVZHFDOOIRRGVKDYHDQDEXQGDQFH • Spices & Seasonings RIIXQFWLRQDO VWUXFWXUDOFRPSRQHQWVZKLOH • ,QIXVHGRLOV EXWWHUV PHGLFLQDOKHUEVKDYHDJUHDWHUDEXQGDQFH RIWKRVHRWKHUFKHPLFDOV SK\WRQXWULHQWV WKDW • Infused vinegars & Honeys DOWHUFHOOXODUVWUXFWXUHDQGRUIXQFWLRQ$QH[ Examples of Herbs to use as Food: DPSOHRIWKLVLV¿EHUDPDWHULDOLQSODQWVWKDW FDQQRWEHEURNHQGRZQWKHE\WKHGLJHVWLYHV • 'DQGHOLRQJUHHQVFDQEHDGGHGWR SURFHVVKRZHYHUZHNQRZWKDWDVDIRRGLW salads LPSDUWVLPSRUWDQWKHDOWKEHQH¿WV • 5RRWVVXFKDVJLQJHU WXUPHULFFDQ %DVHGRQWKHLUFRQVWLWXHQWV SURSHUWLHVDOO EHJUDWHGDQGDGGHGWRGUHVVLQJV SODQWVZLOOFRQWDLQYDU\LQJGHJUHHVRIWKHIRO soups and sauces ORZLQJQXWULWLRQDOQHFHVVLWLHV • *DUOLF %OXHEHUULHVFDQEHFRQVXPHG 1) Macronutrients: are essential for life and ZKROH are required in relatively large amounts • 5RVHPDU\ 7K\PHFDQEHLQIXVHG • &DUERK\GUDWHV into cooking oils & salad dressings • Proteins • )DWV /LSLGV 2) Micronutrients: are essential for life and are required in relatively small amounts • Vitamins • Minerals 3) Phytonutrients: are not considered essen WLDOIRUOLIHEXWKDYHDQ\GLVHDVHPRGLI\LQJDQG KHDOWKSURPRWLQJHIIHFWVLQPRGHUDWHDPRXQW • 7DQQLQVDONDORLGVÀDYRQRLGVHWF Vizniak & Marciano www.prohealthsys.com Food as Medicine | 7 Recommended Food Guides Food Enjoy a variety of foods from each group every day - Whole natural foods are usually the best choice and avoid ‘food-like’ products and those your body does not tolerate! Mediterranean Diet $QWLLQÁDPPDWRU\'LHW 8 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Vizniak & Marciano Metabolism & Energy Intake Energy requirements Disturbances • 0HQ NFDOGRUNFDONJRIERG\ ZHLJKW (QHUJ\GH¿FLHQF\XQGHUZHLJKWFDXVHV • :RPHQNFDOGRUNFDONJERG\ 3RYHUW\IDPLQHPDODEVRUSWLRQ Food ZHLJKW &DWDEROLFGLVHDVH )RRGUHVWULFWLRQ Energy Sources • Society induced eating disorders (anorexia )DW NFDOJ QHUYRVDEXOLPLDQHUYRVD &DUERK\GUDWHV NFDOJ Consequences 3URWHLQ DPLQRDFLGV NFDOJ 8QGHUZHLJKW ORVVRIWLVVXHPDVV (WKDQRO RWKHUDOFRKROV NFDOJ • Bone density loss .HWRQHV 'HELOLWDWLRQ 1XWULHQWGH¿FLHQFLHV Caloric density: WKHUDWLRRIHQHUJ\ FDORULHV WR mass of a food Energy excessRYHUZHLJKWFDXVHV IUXLWYHJHWDEOHVDUHORZLQFDORULFGHQVLW\ZKLOH • Inactivity IDWV RLOVDUHKLJK 3RRUIRRGFKRLFHV ³(PSW\FDORULHIRRGV´DUHWKRVHZLWKKLJK • Diet & eating disorders FDORULFGHQVLW\EXWORZQXWULWLRQDOTXDOLW\ Consequences IULHGIRRGKLJKIDWPHDWVKLJKDGGHG ,QFUHDVHGULVNRIK\SHUWHQVLRQGLDEHWHV VXJDUIRRGVDOFRKROLFEHYHUDJHV G\VOLSLGHPLDKHDUWGLVHDVH )DFWRUV,QÁXHQFLQJ(QHUJ\5HTXLUHPHQW Metabolic Rate Calculation XVHERG\ZHLJKWLQNJ LGHDOERG\ZHLJKW NJ [FRHIÀFLHQW[KRXUV 1) Metabolic Rate Males = IBW x 0.9 x 24 ,QFUHDVHGE\ Female = IBW x 1.0 x 24 7K\URLGDGUHQDORWKHUKRUPRQHV (QODUJHGERG\PDVV 'LYLGHKUVLQWRKRXUVVSHQWDWVSHFLÀF $HURELFH[HUFLVH activities* 'HFUHDVHGE\ 5HVWLQJ 505[[ KRXUV 1. Starvation 6HGHQWDU\DFWLYLW\ GULYLQJW\SLQJ 505[ +\SRSDUDWK\URLGLVPRWKHUGLVHDVHV [ KRXUV 2) Thermogenic effect (diet induced) /LJKWDFWLYLW\ VORZZDONLQJOLJKWZRUN 505[ 3) Physical activity measurement [ KRXUV %DVDO0HWDEROLF5DWH %05 4. Moderate activity (load carrying, dancing) = %DVDOERG\WHPSHUDWXUH 505[[ KRXUV 3K\VLFDODFWLYLW\OHYHO GXUDWLRQ +HDY\DFWLYLW\ KHDY\PDQXDOODERURUH[HUFLVH 4) Energy balance 505[[ KRXUV $GMXVWIRUDJHJHQGHUKHLJKWHWF $GGWKHWRWDOIURPHDFKFDWHJRU\IRUHVWLPDWHG ,QVXUDQFHWDEOHV total daily requirement 3. Body mass index (BMI) 5) Body Composition OHDQYVIDWW\WLVVXH 6NLQIROGFDOLSHUV+\GURVWDWLFZHLJKLQJ Bioelectric impedance Normal body fat PDOHIHPDOH %RG\)DWGLVWULEXWLRQ Over 90% of diets fail to :DLVWKLSUDWLRSRQGHURVLW\LQGH[ achieve long term weight loss /RZULVN PHQ ZRPHQ (lifestyle change is crucial) 2. Waist circumference /RZULVN FP LQ PDOH /RZULVN FP LQ IHPDOH Vizniak & Marciano www.prohealthsys.com Food as Medicine | 9 Carbohydrates & Fiber Food RDA AMDR Age Group Carb Energy = 4 kcal/g (g/d) (%) ,QIDQW \U JG QD Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates) &KLOG \UV &RPSRVHGRIPRUHWKDQPRQRVDFFKDULGHXQLWV and are found mainly in grains, legumes, roots & $GROHVFHQW \UV 130 g/d seeds.7KRVHRIJUHDWLPSRUWDQFHWRKHUEDOPHGLFLQH Males (>17 yrs) ,QFOXGH 45-65% Females (>17 yrs) Pregnancy JG Fiber Fiber Requirements Lactation JG 25-35 g/day Basic Metabolism • &DUERK\GUDWHV &+2V DUHFRPSRVHGRIRQO\ • Soluble Fiber (Gums & Mucilage) ±DEVRUE K\GURJHQFDUERQ R[\JHQ DUHWKHEXLOGLQJ ZDWHUWRIRUPDJHO&DQEHXVHGWRKHDO EORFNVRIDOORWKHUELRORJLFDOPDWHULDO SURWHFWLUULWDWHGRULQÀDPHGERG\WLVVXHVDFW DVDEXONLQJDJHQWLQFRQVWLSDWLRQDQGKDV Functions of CHOs WRSLFDO LQWHUQDOYXOQHUDU\HIIHFWVVRRWKLQJ • Primary nutrition & energy source for plants WKHHQGRGHUPDOOLQLQJRIWKHJXWDQGUHOD[LQJ & animals ERWKWKHOXQJV WKHXULQDU\WUDFWWKURXJKVSLQDO • 6RXUFHRIFDUERQIRUPHWDEROLVP UHÀH[ • Energy storage in plants and animals • Insoluble Fiber HJOLJQLQ +DVSK\VLRORJLFDO • 6WUXFWXUDOFRPSRQHQWRISODQWFHOOZDOOV HIIHFWVERWKORFDO PHFKDQLFDO:LOOSUHYHQW • 6ZHHWQHVVLQIRRGV FRQVWLSDWLRQGLOXWHERZHOWR[LQVLQFUHDVH • )LEUHLQIRRG speed of intestinal transit, decrease risk of • &RPSRQHQWRIWKHJO\FRSURWHLQVLQFHOO FRORQFDQFHUVORZVGLJHVWLRQ DEVRUSWLRQRI DGKHVLRQPROHFXOHV FDUERK\GUDWHVSUHYHQWVDEVRUSWLRQRIVRPH IDWV FKROHVWHURO Classes of Carbohydrates • Myco-polysaccharides ȕ'JOXFDQV $FWDV LPPXQHVWLPXODQWV WRQLFVWRLQFUHDVHWKH Mono/disaccharides (simple sugars) - Composed VWUHQJWKRIWKHERG\¶VLPPXQHV\VWHP RIRQHRUWZRFDUERK\GUDWHXQLWVLQFOXGLQJ • Arabinogalactans sucrose, glucose & fructose and found mainly • Glycoproteins in fruits & seeds. • Mucopolysaccharides Oligosaccharides (e.g. inulin)&RPSRVHGRI PRQRVDFFKDULGHV Safety Concerns • )UXFWRROLJRVDFFKDULGHVHVFDSHGLJHVWLRQLQ • Take supplements & medications at least one WKHXSSHU*,7 DFWDVµSUHELRWLFV¶ SUHIHUUHG KRXUSULRUWRLQJHVWLQJODUJHDPRXQWVDVPD\ HQHUJ\VRXUFH IRUJXWÀRUDLQWKHODUJH UHGXFHQXWULHQWDEVRUSWLRQE\GHOD\LQJJDVWULF intestine. HPSW\LQJDQGELQGLQJZLWKLQWHVWLQDOFRQWHQWV • )RXQGLQ onion, garlic, and roots (e.g. • ,QFUHDVHZDWHULQWDNHWRSUHYHQWFRQVWLSDWLRQ FKLFRU\(FKLQDFHD 'DQGHOLRQ • Temporary intestinal gas may occur • &RQWUDLQGLFDWHGLQLQWHVWLQDOREVWUXFWLRQ Health issues related to mono & disaccharides 2UDOKHDOWKGLVRUGHUVHJGHQWDO JXPGLVHDVH Herbal Sources: /DFWRVH SUHELRWLFLQWROHUDQFHHIIHFWVPRVWO\ • Aloe barbadensis (Aloe) QRQ&DXFDVLDQVFDXVLQJ*,7GLVWUHVV JDV • Althea off. (Marshmallow) EORDWLQJFUDPSVGLDUUKHD • Plantago major ovatum (Psyllium seed) &DUGLRYDVFXODUGLVHDVHVHQVLWLYHDGXOWVVXJDU • Linum usitatissimum (Flaxseed) PD\ĹWULJO\FHULGHOHYHOV DWKHURVFOHURVLV • Avena sativa (Oats) 'LDEHWHVGLHWVKLJKLQPRQRGLVDFFKDULGHVPD\ • Medicinal mushrooms KDPSHUEORRGJOXFRVHFRQWUROLQGLDEHWLFV 10 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Vizniak & Marciano Protein Age Group RDA (g/d) AMDR (%) Energy = 4 kcal/g ,QIDQW \U JG QD Food 3URWHLQ5'$ DYHUDJH &KLOG \UV JG • 0.8 g/day per kgRILGHDOERG\ZHLJKW 0.37 g/ day per poundRILGHDOZHLJKW $GROHVFHQW \UV JG $WKOHWHVPD\UHTXLUHXSWRWZLFHWKH5'$ Factors affecting protein requirements Males (>17 yrs) 56 g/d SURWHLQTXDOLW\FDORULHLQWDNHJURZWK UHSDLU OHDQERG\PDVVH[HUFLVHLQWHQVLW\LOOQHVV Females (>17 yrs) 46 g/d FKURQLFGLVHDVH 10-35% Protein quality EDVHGRQGLJHVWLELOLW\ Pregnancy DEVRUEDELOLW\ DPLQRDFLGEDODQFH DQLPDO JG SURWHLQVDUHKLJKHUTXDOLW\WKDQSODQWSURWHLQ Lactation Protein requirement per kg based on age \UV \UV \UV \UV Adults Pregnancy JNJGD\ JNJGD\ JNJGD\ JNJGD\ 0.8 g/kg/day JNJGD\ Basic Metabolism Health issues related to proteins • Digestion viaK\GURFKORULFDFLG SHSVLQ • 3URWHLQ'HÀFLHQF\5DUHLQKHDOWK\SHRSOH pancreatic & intestinal proteases. LIFDORULHLQWDNHLVQRUPDO6\PSWRPV PXVFOH ZDVWLQJHGHPDKDLUORVV • $EVRUSWLRQRFFXUVPDLQO\LQ6,ZKHUHWKH\ • Risk factors of high protein intake DUHEURNHQGRZQ DEVRUEHGDVVLQJOH amino Increased cancer risk; may aggravate liver or acids kidney diseases. Increased calcium loss in • 3URWHLQV\QWKHVLV DQDEROLVP GHJUDGDWLRQ XULQH PJFDOFLXPJRISURWHLQ WRXUHD FDWDEROLVP RFFXUVFRQWLQXRXVO\ZLWK • Potential allergenic reactions in some patients excess stored as fat HJJOXWHQFDVHLQHJJV¿VKSHDQXWV VR\ Functions of Protein Dietary Sources • %XLOGLQJPDWHULDOVLQJURZWKUHSDLU • Animal: PHDW¿VKSRXOWU\HJJVGDLU\ PDLQWHQDQFHRIYDULRXVERG\FRQQHFWLYH • Plant:OHJXPHV VR\ EHDQVVSLUXOLQDZKHDW WLVVXHV HJVNLQERQHEORRG PXVFOH germ, grains, nuts & seeds, fermented foods, • Energy Source sea algae • (Q]\PDWLFSURFHVVHV • +RUPRQHV\QWKHVLV HJLQVXOLQ Safety Concerns: • 5HJXODWHÀXLGEDODQFH HJDOEXPLQ • Individal amino acid supplemention may carry risk of toxicity • Cell transporters & receptors • 0RQLWRURIDOOHUJLFK\SHUVHQVLWLYLW\ • $QWLERG\ 1HXURWUDQVPLWWHUSURGXFWLRQ Classes of Proteins (%DVHGRQ$PLQRDFLGV Herbal Sources: • Essential-KLVWLGLQHLVROHXFLQHOHXFLQH • Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) O\VLQHPHWKLRQLQHSKHQ\ODODQLQHWKUHRQLQH • Urtica diocia (Nettle) WU\SWRSKDQYDOLQH • Petroselinum crispum (Parsley) • Non- Essential- alanine, arginine, asparagine, • Rumex crispus (Yellow Dock) cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, • Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) proline, serine, tyrosine • Plantago off. (Plantain) Vizniak & Marciano www.prohealthsys.com Food as Medicine | 11 Fats (Lipids) Food Age Group RDA (g/d) AMDR ,QIDQW \U JG Energy = 9 kcal/g &KLOG \UV Polyunsaturated: VXQÀRZHUFRUQVR\EHDQRLOV $GROHVFHQW \UV RPHJD ¿VKÀD[VHHGRLOV RPHJD • 5DLVH+'/ORZHUV/'/ Males (>17 yrs) QD )HPDOHV !\UV Trans Fats:FUHDWHGWKURXJKIRRGSURFHVVLQJ HVSHFLDOO\K\GURJHQDWLRQ Pregnancy • Raise LDL levels Lactation Cholesterol (RDA < 300 mg/day) Recommended intake: < 30% of daily caloric Function in body VWUXFWXUDOFRPSRQHQWRIFHOO intake, < 10% as saturated fat PHPEUDQHVKRUPRQHV\QWKHVLV Basic metabolism Health issuesK\SHUOLSLGHPLD 7ULJO\FHULGHV 7* RIIDWLQGLHW *HQHWLFFDXVHVGHFUHDVHGOLSRSURWHLQOLSDVH &KROHVWHUROSKRVSKROLSLGV decreased LDL receptor function )DWVROXEOHYLWDPLQV$'(. 'LHWDU\FDXVHVKLJKFKROHVWHUROGLHWKLJK 'LJHVWLRQKLJKOLJKWVSDQFUHDWLFOLSDVHELOHDFLGV VDWXUDWHGWUDQVIDWGLHW micelle formation Clinical measurement'HVLUDEOH /'/ PJ 7UDQVSRUWDWLRQDVOLSRSURWHLQV VHHQH[WVHFWLRQ G/+'/!PJG/ Functions of Fats Sources PJVHUYLQJ RUJDQPHDWV OLYHUPJ • 7ULJO\FHULGHV SURYLGHHQHUJ\LQVXODWHWKH HJJV PJ VKULPS PJ RWKHUVKHOO¿VK ERG\DJDLQVWWHPSHUDWXUHH[WUHPHVSURWHFW PJ RWKHUDQLPDOSURGXFWV GDLU\ internal organs • 3KRVSKROLSLGV FRPSRQHQWRIDOOFHOO Phospholipids PHPEUDQHV Function in body:&HOOPHPEUDQHVWUXFWXUHOLYHU • 6WHUROV FRPSRQHQWRIKRUPRQHV VH[ IXQFWLRQQHXURWUDQVPLWWHUV\QWKHVLV DFHW\OFKROLQH DGUHQDO ELOH9LWDPLQ' FKROHVWHURO • $UHVLPLODUWRWULJO\FHULGHVH[FHSWWKDWWKH\KDYH • (VVHQWLDO)DWW\DFLGV SDUWLFLSDWHLQUHJXODWLRQ HLWKHUDFKROLQHRULQRVLWROZLWKDSKRVSKDWHLQ RILQÀDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVH LPPXQHV\VWHP SODFHRIRQHRIWKHIDWW\DFLGFKDLQV response. Sources )RRGGDLO\LQWDNH PJFKROLQH- animal & Classes of Fats & Dietary Sources plant foods 6XSSOHPHQWVFRPPHUFLDOVR\OHFLWKLQ Saturated: PHDW SRXOWU\IDWGDLU\IDW EXWWHU SKRVSKDWLG\OFKROLQHSKDUPDFHXWLFDOOHFLWKLQ tropical oils (coconut, palm) FKROLQHFRPSRXQGVLQRVLWROSKRVSKDWLG\OVHULQH • Raise LDL & HDL levels Phytosterols Monounsaturated: ROLYHFDQRODµROHLF¶RLOV • 6\QWKHVL]HGE\SODQWV HJEHWRVLWRVWHURO avocado 5DLVH+'/ORZHUV/'/ • Reduce incidence of various types of cancer & DXWRLPPXQHGLVHDVH&9''LDEHWHV RWKHU FKURQLFGLVHDVHV Remember: fats are essential nutrients to the human body; fats help regulate body temperature, cushion & insulate organs & tissues, and are the main form of the body’s energy storage. Vitamins A, D, E & K are fat soluble. Fats are used to synthesize numerous hormones & body chemicals (all of the cells in your body contain a phospholipid bilayer) - we need fat to live! 12 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Vizniak & Marciano Essential Fatty Acids Essential fatty acids /LQROHLFDFLG /$ DOSKDOLQROHQLFDFLG $/$ FDQQRWEHPDGHE\WKHERG\ 1HFHVVDU\IRUKRUPRQH SURVWDJODQGLQV\QWKHVLV VHHEHORZ Food • 'HÀFLHQF\V\PSWRPV GU\VNLQVNLQSUREOHPVIDWLJXHLPSDLUHGJURZWK IHUWLOLW\LPSDLUHGYLVLRQ QHXURSDWKLHVLPSDLUHGLPPXQHIXQFWLRQ • 'HÀFLHQF\PD\OHDGWR LQFUHDVHGULVNRIKHDUWGLVHDVHGLDEHWHVMRLQWSUREOHPVOHDUQLQJGLVRUGHUV LQÀDPPDWRU\GLVHDVHVFDQFHU • Dietary sources: /$ VDIÀRZHURLOHYHQLQJSULPURVHVHHGVXQÀRZHURLOKHPSRLOSXPSNLQVHHGRLO $/$ SHULOODRLOÀD[VHHGRLOKHPSRLOVPDOODPRXQWVLQQXWV ZKHDWJHUP Eicosanoids Eicosanoid Synthesis Participate in regulation of )DWW\DFLGSUHFXUVRUVDUHVWRUHGLQPHPEUDQH ,QÀDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVH FKURQLF SKRVSKROLSLGV 3ODWHOHWDJJUHJDWLRQVPRRWKPXVFOHLUULWDELOLW\ 3UHFXUVRUVDUHUHOHDVHGE\SKRVSKROLSDVH • Immune function ZKLFKLVLQKLELWHGE\FRUWLFRVWHURLGV 5HOHDVHGSUHFXUVRUVDUHDFWHGRQE\ Eicosanoid nomenclature - Prostaglandins (PG), &\FORR[\JHQDVHSURGXFHV3* 7; 7KURPER[DQHV 7; /HXNRWULHQHV /7 LQKLELWHGE\DVSLULQ16$,'V Precursors /LSR[\JHQDVHSURGXFHVOHXNRWULHQHV /7 Arachidonic Acid (AA) QRWLQKLELWHGE\16$,'V 3URGXFHGIURPRWKHURPHJDSUHFXUVRUV &DQEHPDGHIURP'*/$ 3UHFXUVRURIVHULHV3* 7;VHULHV/7 2IWHQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKSDWKRORJLFFRQGLWLRQV Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) )RXQGRQO\LQPDULQHOLIH¿VKRLOV &DQEHPDGHIURP/$ 3UHFXUVRURIVHULHV3* 7; VHULHV/7 Dihomo-gammalinolenic acid '*/$ • No natural sources 3UHFXUVRUWRVHULHV3* 7; 3UHFXUVRUWRVHULHV/7 Herbal Sources: SULPDULO\REWDLQHGIURPVHHGRLOV • %RUDJRRI¿FLQDOLV %RUDJH • Linum usitatissimum (Flaxseed) • Oenothera biennis (Evening primrose) • Echium algae omega-6 (Arachidonic) omega-3 (EPA) CYCLO-OXYGENASE LQKLELWHGE\ FRUWLFRVWHURLGV 16$,'V %RUDJRRI¿FLQDOLV TxA1 TxA3 PGI2 PGI2 PGE2 PGE2 Vizniak & Marciano www.prohealthsys.com Food as Medicine | 13 Vitamin A (retinol) Dosage Food Therapeutic dose: 1200 RE ,8 QRQSUHJQDQWZRPHQ1500 RE ,8 PHQ 6XSSOHPHQWVGHULYHGIRUPQDWXUDOVRXUFHVFRQWDLQLQJDPL[WXUHRIFDURWHQRLGV OXWHLQDOSKDFDURWHQH O\FRSHQH DUHFRQVLGHUHGWKHEHVWVRXUFHV 5HWLQROHTXLYDOHQW 5( DUHDPHDVXUHRI9LWDPLQ$DFLYLW\ UHWLQROHTXLYDOHQW 5( ȝJRIUHWLQRO ȝJRIEHWDFDURWHQH 5( ,8 UHWLQROIURPDQLPDOIRRGV ,8 EHWDFDURWHQHIURPSODQWIRRGV '5,IRU9LWDPLQ$ ȞJ Adult Men 900 Adult Women* 700 LISODQQLQJRULQSUHJQDQF\VKRXOGQRWH[FHHG5(GD\ Dietary Sources 9LWDPLQ$LVIRXQGLQWZRIRUPV UHWLQRO LQDQLPDOV FDURWHQRLGV SODQWV Retinol Serving size mg &DURWHQRLGV 6HUYLQJVL]H ȞJ Beef liver 100 g 9.1 Carrot 1 large 810 &RGOLYHURLO J 6ZHHWSRWDWR ODUJH (JJ ZKROH 6SLQDFK PJ Herbal Sources &HQWHOODDVLDWLFD *RWXNROD &DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV 0DULJROG 5XPH[FULVSXV Functions of Vitamin A Vision SOD\VDFHQWUDOUROHLQWKHUHWLQDIRUWKHFRQYHUVLRQRIOLJKWHQHUJ\LQWRQHUYHLPSXOVHV Immune systemLPSURYHVDQWLERG\SURGXFWLRQĹDFWLYLW\RI7FHOOV Skin & mucus membranesSURPRWHVKHDOWK\HSLWKHOLDOJURZWK Hormone synthesisUHTXLUHGIRUVWHURLGKRUPRQHV\QWKHVLV Red blood cellsKHOSVWRPRELOL]HLURQVWRUHVIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRIQHZ5%&¶V Nervous systemKHOSVPDLQWDLQP\HOLQVKHDWKDURXQGQHUYHV Skeletal systemSDUWLFLSDWHVLQERQHIRUPDWLRQJURZWK IUDFWXUHKHDOLQJ 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity 'U\QHVV LWFKLQJRIFRQMXQFWLYD %RQHSDLQ MRLQWVZHOOLQJ 3RRUQLJKWRUORZOLJKWYLVLRQ [HURSKWKDOPLD 1DXVHDYRPLWLQJ GLDUUKHD 'U\URXJKLWFK\VNLQZLWKUDVK +HDGDFKHVEOXUUHGYLVLRQ 'U\EULWWOHKDLU QDLOV 'HUPDWLWLVKDLUORVVGU\VNLQ /RVVRIDSSHWLWHVHQVHRIVPHOOWDVWH /LYHUGDPDJHKLJKEORRGFDOFLXP )DWLJXHDQHPLDSRRUJURZWK 3RVVLEOHWHUDWRJHQLFHIIHFWV ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ 'HFUHDVHGDEVRUSWLRQ DOFRKROLFVOLYHUELOLDU\GLVRUGHUV&URKQ¶VF\VWLF¿EURVLV 3RRUEHWDFDURWHQHFRQYHUVLRQWRYLWDPLQ$ GLDEHWLFV K\SRWK\URLG ,QFUHDVHGXWLOL]DWLRQ VPRNHUVLQFUHDVHGVWUHVVGLDEHWHVLQIHFWLRQVXUJHU\ Therapeutic Research Musculoskeletal trauma9LWDPLQ$SOD\VDPDMRUUROHLQZRXQG ERQ\IUDFWXUHKHDOLQJ Cancer prevention effects ,8G Improved immune functionWUHDWPHQWRIFKLOGKRRGPHDVOHV ,8IRUGD\V 0HQVWUXDOSDLQPRGLÀFDWLRQ GHPRQVWUDWHGDW,8GUHWLQROIRUZHHNV Skin & scalp conditions (oral & topical application), Gastric ulcer healing improvement 14 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Vizniak & Marciano (calciferol) Vitamin D Dosage 7KHUDSHXWLFUDQJH ȞJ 5', ȝJG ,8G ȝJ ,8,8 ȝJFDOFLIHURO 9LWDPLQ'UHTXLUHPHQWVGHFUHDVHDVJURZWKGHFOLQHV Food ,QIDQW5', ȝJ ,8 $JH ȝJ ,8 ! ȝJ ,8 9LWDPLQ'LVV\QWKHVL]HGLQWKHVNLQIURPK\GUR[\FKROHVWHUROZLWKXOWUDYLROHWUDGLDWLRQ ,WLVWKHRQO\YLWDPLQWKDWLVELRORJLFDOO\DFWLYHLQWKHIRUPRIDKRUPRQH YLWDPLQ' '5,IRU9LWDPLQ' ȞJ 6XQH[SRVXUHRIPLQXWHVVHYHUDOWLPHVD Adult Men 5-15 ZHHNVKRXOGSURYLGHDGHTXDWHYLWDPLQ' Adult Women* 5-15 * Large doses are contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential teratogenic effects. Dietary Sources 6RXUFH 6HUYLQJVL]H ȞJ Salmon 100 g 16 )RUWL¿FDWLRQPD\XVHV\QWKHWLFYLWDPLQ' )RUWL¿HGPLON TW (ergocalciferol) 7XQD J 1RWH YLWDPLQ'LVWKHSUHIHUUHGIRUPIRUKXPDQV Egg 1 (medium) 1 DVLWVELRDYDLODELOLW\LVWZLFHWKDWRIYLWDPLQ' Functions of Vitamin D Calcium metabolismDLGVLQUHJXODWLRQRIEORRGFDOFLXPOHYHOV Skeletal healthERQHJURZWKGXULQJFKLOGKRRGVWUHQJWK GHQVLW\GXULQJDGXOWKRRG Cell growth UHJXODWRURIFHOOGHYHORSPHQWWKURXJKRXWERG\ HVSHFLDOO\HSLWKHOLDOFHOOV Immune functionFHOOGHYHORSPHQWDFWLYLW\ UHVSRQVHRIZKLWHEORRGFHOOV 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\ !ȞJGD\ 5LFNHWV FKLOGUHQ 2VWHRPDODFLD DGXOWV • Hypercalcemia 3RRUO\IRUPHGWRRWKHQDPHO FKLOGUHQ • Calcium deposition into soft tissues • Increased risk of osteoporosis & fractures 5HQDOFDOFL¿FDWLRQ NLGQH\VWRQHV • Impaired immune response )HWDODEQRUPDOLWLHV 0XVFOHZHDNQHVV HVSDURXQGKLSSHOYLV ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ /DFNRIVXQH[SRVXUH FRQ¿QHGSHUVRQVSUHPDWXUHLQIDQWVUHJXODUXVHRIVXQVFUHHQV 3HUVRQVZLWKIDWPDODEVRUSWLRQV\QGURPHVORQJWHUPFRUWLFRVWHURLGPHGLFDWLRQXVH 6WULFWYHJHWDULDQVHOGHUO\GLDEHWHVNLGQH\GLVHDVH Therapeutic Research Bone disordersWUHDWPHQWRIULFNHWVFDQVORZSUHYHQWERQHORVVJLYHQZLWKFDOFLXP Psoriasis FDQĻK\SHUSUROLIHUDWLRQRIVNLQFHOOV GXHWRUHJXODWRU\HIIHFWV Immune responseFDQVWLPXODWHZKLWHEORRGFHOOV ĹUHVLVWDQFHWRLQIHFWLRQ Cancer preventionPD\ĻULVNRIFRORUHFWDO EUHDVWFDQFHU Multiple Sclerosis & autoimmune conditions,8 Clinical Measurement 6HUXPYLWDPLQ'UHÀHFWVLQWDNH V\QWKHVLVQRWOHYHORIDFWLYHIRUP 6HUXPGLK\GUR[\FKROHFDOFLIHURO '+&& UHÀHFWVDFWLYHIRUP 'XHWRWKHUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKYLWDPLQ'VHUXPFDOFLXPVKRXOGDOVREHPRQLWRUHG Vizniak & Marciano www.prohealthsys.com Food as Medicine | 15 Vitamin E (tocopherol) Dosage Food Therapeutic range: 100 mg-2500 mg 9LWDPLQ(LVDJHQHUDOWHUPIRUDJURXSRIFRPSRXQGVZLWKYDU\LQJGHJUHHVRIYLWDPLQ(DFWLYLW\PJG DOSKDWRFRSKHURO ,8GDOSKDWRFRSKHURO 9LWDPLQ(IRUP UHODWLYHDFWLYLW\ DOSKDWRFRSKHURO EHWDWRFRSKHURO JDPPDWRFRSKHURO GHOWDWRFRSKHURO 5'$PHQ ,8 DRI for Vitamin E (mg) 5'$ZRPHQ ,8 Adult Men 15 Adult Women 15 ,QFUHDVHGLQWDNHRISRO\XQVDWXUDWHGIDWVĹYLWDPLQ(UHTXLUHPHQWV Dietary Sources Source Serving size mg 6XQÀRZHUVHHGV J 9LWDPLQ(LVFRQWUDLQGLFDWHGZLWK :KHDWJHUP J anticoagulant medication as it may 6ZHHWSRWDWR DYHUDJHVL]H ĹGHPDQGIRUYLWDPLQ. 6KULPSVDOPRQ J Functions of Vitamin E Antioxidant IUHHUDGLFDOVFDYHQJHU ZRUNVZLWKJOXWDWKLRQHSHUR[LGDVH YLWDPLQ& IschemiaSURWHFWVFHOOXODUSURWHLQVIURPR[LGDWLYHGDPDJHGXULQJLVFKHPLFHYHQWV P\RFDUGLDO infarction, angina) AntithromboticFDQVORZWKHDFWLRQRIWKURPELQ ĻSODWHOHWDJJUHJDWLRQ 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity (>2000 IU/day) +HPRO\WLFDQHPLDGHFUHDVHG5%&PHPEUDQHLQWHJULW\ • Temporary gastric upset 1HXURORJLFDOGLVRUGHUVGHJHQHUDWLRQRIQHXURQV 'HOD\LQZRXQGKHDOLQJ $WURSK\ ZHDNQHVVRIVNHOHWDOPXVFOH Ĺ%OHHGLQJWLPH • Potential increased cancer risk !,8GIURPVXSSOHPHQWVPD\ 6XVFHSWLELOLW\WRLQIHFWLRQIDWLJXHSRRUZRXQGKHDOLQJ increase mortality ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ 3HUVRQVH[SRVHGWRKLJKOHYHOVRIIUHHUDGLFDOV VPRNHUVXUEDQFHQWHUVUDGLDWLRQ 3HUVRQVZLWKKLJKSRO\XQVDWXUDWHGIDWLQWDNHVKLJKLURQH[FHVVLYHDVSLULQLQWDNH )DWPDODEVRUSWLRQV\QGURPHV Therapeutic Research Cardiovascular disease,8GIRUPRQWKVExcessive clotting,8G Immune responseLPSURYHPHQWZLWK,8GPD\DOVRĻDOOHUJ\V\PSWRPV Premenstrual syndromeĻV\PSWRPVZLWK,8G Parkinson’s & Alzheimer’s diseasePD\VORZSURJUHVVLRQZLWK,8G Rheumatic disordersPD\EHEHQH¿FLDOIRURVWHRDUWKULWLV UKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV Skin conditionsDSSOLHGWRSLFDOO\PD\ĻVFDUIRUPDWLRQ KHDOLQJWLPH DiabetesPD\ĻR[LGDWLYHGDPDJH HQKDQFHWKHDFWLRQRILQVXOLQ Cancer preventionDQWLR[LGDQWIUHHUDGLFDOVFDYHQJHUDFWLYLW\ Infertility,8WZLFHGDLO\ 16 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Vizniak & Marciano (phylloquinone) Vitamin K Dosage 7KHUDSHXWLFUDQJH ȞJ ,QWHVWLQDOEDFWHULDV\QWKHVL]HXSWRòRIWKHGDLO\UHTXLUHPHQWIRUYLWDPLQ. Food 9LWDPLQ.KDVWZRSULQFLSDOIRUPV. SK\OORTXLQRQH IURPSODQWV . PHQDTXLQRQH IURPDQLPDOV EDFWHULD . PHQDGLRQH LVDV\QWKHWLFIRUP '5,IRU9LWDPLQ. ȞJ Adult Men 120 Adult Women 90 ȞJNJERG\ZHLJKW Dietary Sources 6RXUFH 6HUYLQJVL]H ȞJ 6SLQDFK J %URFFROL J Beef liver 100 g 92 Tea, green 10 g 71 (JJV DYHUDJHVL]H 1RWH YLWDPLQ.LVQRWLQFOXGHGLQPRVWYLWDPLQVXSSOHPHQWV Functions of Vitamin K Blood coagulation HVVHQWLDOFRIDFWRULQWKURPEXVIRUPDWLRQ Camellia sinensis Bone metabolismFRIDFWRULQERQHSURWHLQUHJXODWLRQ RVWHRFDOFLQ 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity 7HQGHQF\WRZDUGSURORQJHGEOHHGLQJWLPHHDV\ EUXLVLQJ KHPRUUKDJLFGLVHDVH 'RVHVRYHUPJGKDYHFDXVHG ,PSDLUHGERQHPLQHUDOL]DWLRQ SRVVLEOHERQH DOOHUJLFOLNHV\PSWRPV ORVVLQWKHHOGHUO\ ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ /LYHUGDPDJH DOFRKROLFVFLUUKRVLVKHSDWLWLV 'UXJLQWHUDFWLRQV DQWLELRWLFVFKROHVW\UDPLQHDQWDFLGVFRXPDGLQSKHQ\WRLQ 3RRUIDWDEVRUSWLRQ ELOLDU\GLVHDVH&URKQ¶VVSUXHSDQFUHDWLWLVF\VWLF¿EURVLV 4. Megadoses of vitamin E Therapeutic Research Anticoagulant overdoseWRFRXQWHUDFWRYHUGRVH Poor coaguabilityUHYHUVHGH¿FLHQF\RIFRDJXODWLRQIDFWRUV OsteoporosisPD\KHOSRSWLPL]HERQHPLQHUDOL]DWLRQ UHPRGHOLQJ Vizniak & Marciano www.prohealthsys.com Food as Medicine | 17 Vitamin B1 (thiamine) Dosage Food Therapeutic range: 10 mg-1500 mg/day 0RVWRIWKHERG\¶VWKLDPLQHLVORFDWHGLQPXVFOHDVLWSOD\VDFHQWUDOUROHLQHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQ 2QFHDEVRUEHGIURPWKHGLHWWKLDPLQHLVUDSLGO\WUDQVIRUPHGLQWRLWVDFWLYHIRUPWKLDPLQHS\URSKRVSKDWH (TTP). DRI for Vitamin B1 (mg) 5'$ PJNFDO Adult Men 1.2 PLQLPXPRIPJGD\ Adult Women 1.1 Dietary Sources Source Serving size mg %UHZHU¶V\HDVW J 3RUNFKRS J 2DWPHDO J 6XQÀRZHUVHHGV J Potato 1, average 0.24 Herbal Sources (SKHGUDVLQHQVLV&HQWHOODDVLDWLFD *RWXNROD 7ULJRQHOODIRHQXPJUDHFXP )HQXJUHHN 0HQWKD SLSHULWD 3HSSHUPLQW &DVVLDVS 6HQQD $UFWLXPODSSD %XUGRFN 6DOYLDRII 6DJH 5XPH[ FULVSXV Functions of Vitamin B1 Energy metabolism YLWDOFRHQ]\PH ZLWKPDJQHVLXP LQWKHSURGXFWLRQRIHQHUJ\LQFHOOV Nervous system PDMRUUROHDW316 &16V\QDSVH PHWDEROLVPRIQHXURWUDQVPLWWHUV Protein synthesis NH\UROHLQFROODJHQV\QWKHVLV 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity ,PSDLUHGUHÀH[HVPRYHPHQW VHQVDWLRQLQH[WUHPLWLHV 1RQHUHSRUWHGDWPJG SHULSKHUDOSDUHVWKHVLDV IRUPRQWK 0XVFOHWHQGHUQHVV HVSFDOIPXVFOHV ZHDNQHVV • Megadoses may cause • Mental confusion, depression, anorexia GURZVLQHVVLQVRPH ,PSDLUHGFROODJHQV\QWKHVLV SRRUZRXQGKHDOLQJ people (YHQWXDOO\FDUGLDFIDLOXUH HQFHSKDORSDWK\ EHULEHUL ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ +HDY\DOFRKROFRQVXPSWLRQIDWPDODEVRUSWLRQFKURQLFOLYHU LQÀDPPDWRU\ERZHOGLVHDVHV 0HGLFDWLRQLQWHUDFWLRQV GLXUHWLFV IXURVHPLGH KHDUWPHGV GLJR[LQ DQWLHSLOHSWLF GLODQWLQ +LJKLQWDNHRIUDZVHDIRRGWHDFRIIHH +LJKSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\ZLWKKLJKFDUERK\GUDWHLQWDNH )RODWHGH¿FLHQF\DVLWLPSDLUVWKLDPLQHDEVRUSWLRQ Therapeutic Research Chronic alcoholics XVHGWRWUHDWGH¿FLHQF\ PJG Nervous system PD\HDVHFKURQLFSDLQWULJHPLQDOQHXUDOJLDGLDEHWLFQHXURSDWK\ CNS disorders PD\EHQH¿W$O]KHLPHU¶VGLVHDVHDQ[LHW\ GHSUHVVLRQ Anemia UDUHWKLDPLQHDQHPLDPD\UHVSRQGWRGRVHRIPJG Myocardial infarction LQWUDYHQRXV733PD\LPSURYHRXWFRPHRI0, 18 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Vizniak & Marciano ULERÁDYLQ Vitamin B2 Dosage Therapeutic range: 10 mg-400 mg/day RDI for Vitamin B2 (mg) Food Adult Men 1.3 5'$ PJNFDO Adult Women 1.1 PLQLPXPRIPJGD\ Dietary Sources Source Serving size mg &DOIOLYHU J 0XVKURRPV J 6SLQDFK J Milk 1 large glass 0.18 &KHGGDUFKHHVH J Herbal Sources 0HQWKDSLSHULWD 3HSSHUPLQW &DVVLDVS 6HQQD (XSKUDVLDRII (\HEULJKW 0HGLFDJRVDWLYD $OIDOID 3HWURVHOLQXPFULVSXP 3DUOVH\ &HQWHOODDVLDWLFD *RWXNROD (FKLQDFHDVSS(SKHGUDVLQHQVLV 5XPH[FULVSXV Functions of Vitamin B2 Energy metabolismHVVHQWLDOSDUWRI)01 )$'PROHFXOHVZKLFKDFWDVK\GURJHQLRQFDUULHUVIRU .UHE¶VF\FOHHOHFWURQWUDQVSRUWV\VWHPIDWW\DFLG DPLQRDFLGR[LGDWLRQ AntioxidantFRIDFWRUZLWKJOXWDWKLRQHUHGXFWDVH Vitamin metabolismFRIDFWRUIRUYLWDPLQ%%$IRODWH Neurotransmitter metabolism 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity • Glossitis &KHLOLRVLVSDLQIXO¿VVXUHV FUDFNVDURXQGPRXWK 1RQHUHSRUWHGDEVRUSWLRQLV 'HUPDWLWLVUHGVFDO\SDLQIXO LWFK\SDWFKHVRIVNLQ LQHI¿FLHQWDWKLJKGRVHV 6ORZZRXQGKHDOLQJ /HWKDUJ\GHSUHVVLRQSHUVRQDOLW\FKDQJHV ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ ,QFUHDVHGGHPDQGFKLOGKRRG DGROHVFHQWJURZWKSUHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ 3RRUDEVRUSWLRQ*,RUELOLDU\REVWUXFWLRQFKURQLFGLDUUKHDLUULWDEOHERZHOV\QGURPH 0HGLFDWLRQLQWHUDFWLRQVWK\URLGKRUPRQHVRUDOFRQWUDFHSWLYHVEDUELWXUDWHV +HDY\DOFRKROFRQVXPSWLRQ ,QFUHDVHGSURWHLQEUHDNGRZQIHYHUFDQFHULQMXU\FKURQLFLOOQHVV +\SRWK\URLGLVPPD\FDXVH%GH¿FLHQF\ ORZ7OHDGVWRORZÀDYRNLQDVHDFWLYLW\ Therapeutic Research Cataracts DPSOHLQWDNHPD\ĻULVNRIGHYHORSLQJFDWDUDFWV Skin & mucous membranes PDLQWDLQVKHDOWK\VNLQ PD\KHOSSUHYHQWVWRPDWLWLV FKHLOLRVLV Fatigue & depression PD\KHOSLIV\PSWRPVDUHGXHWRULERÀDYLQGH¿FLHQF\ Antioxidant ULERÀDYLQKHOSVPDLQWDLQWKHERG\¶VVXSSO\RIJOXWDWKLRQHUHGXFWDVH Vizniak & Marciano www.prohealthsys.com Food as Medicine | 19 Vitamin B3 (niacin) Dosage Food Therapeutic range: 100 mg-4500 mg/day QLDFLQHTXLYDOHQW 1( PJQLDFLQ PJRIWU\SWRSKDQ 7KHDPLQRDFLGWU\SWRSKDQFDQEHFRQYHUWHGLQWRQLDFLQE\WKHOLYHU LVWKXVDQRWKHUVRXUFHRIQLDFLQ 7KHUHDUHWZRPDLQIRUPVRIQLDFLQIRXQGLQIRRG QLFRWLQLFDFLG QLDFLQDPLGH 1LFRWLQLFDFLGLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDµQLDFLQÀXVK¶ DRI for Vitamin B3 (mg) 5'$ PJNFDO Adult Men 16 PLQLPXPRIPJGD\ Adult Women 14 Dietary Sources Source Serving size mg Peanuts 100 g 14 7XQD J &KLFNHQEUHDVW J Functions of Vitamin B3 Cell metabolismVXSSRUWVKHDOWKRIVNLQPXFXVPHPEUDQHVQHUYRXV GLJHVWLYHV\VWHP Energy metabolismHVVHQWLDOSDUWRI1$' 1$'3+PROHFXOHVZKLFKDFWDVK\GURJHQLRQFDUULHUVIRU .UHE¶VF\FOHHOHFWURQWUDQVSRUWV\VWHPIDWW\DFLGV\QWKHVLVJO\FRO\VLVFKROHVWHUROV\QWKHVLV QLDFLQ LVUHTXLUHGIRUWKHIXQFWLRQRIRYHUHQ]\PHVLQWKHERG\ DNA replication V\QWKHVLVRIKLVWRQHV Blood sugar DLGVUHJXODWLRQDVDFRPSRQHQWRIJOXFRVHWROHUDQFHIDFWRU *7) Fat/Cholesterol metabolismORZHUOHYHOVRIEORRGFKROHVWHURO /'/¶V Ĺ+'/¶V 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity !PJFDQFDXVHWLQJOLQJ ÀXVKLQJRIVNLQ 3HOOHJUDGHUPDWLWLVGLDUUKHDGHPHQWLD !PJGFDQSURGXFHK\SRWHQVLRQ GL]]LQHVVOLYHU ,QÀDPHGSDLQIXOVZROOHQWRQJXH G\VIXQFWLRQJDVWULFLUULWDWLRQ LQFUHDVHGEORRGVXJDU • Depression, anxiety %\ZHHNVPRVWVLGHHIIHFWVUHVROYHDVWKHERG\ adapts ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ 3RRUDEVRUSWLRQLQÀDPPDWRU\ERZHOGLVHDVHKHDY\DOFRKROFRQVXPSWLRQ /RZLQWDNHRISURWHLQVZLWKWU\SWRSKDQ 9LWDPLQ% %GH¿FLHQF\PD\LPSDLUFRQYHUVLRQRIWU\SWRSKDQWRQLDFLQ +DUQXS¶VV\QGURPHGHIHFWLYHFRQYHUVLRQRIWU\SWRSKDQWRQLDFLQ &DUFLQRLGV\QGURPHWXPRUVVHFUHWLQJVHURWRQLQPD\ĻWU\SWRSKDQWRQLDFLQFRQYHUVLRQ Therapeutic Research Atherosclerosis PJGORZHU/'/ VHUXPWULJO\FHULGHV XSWR UDLVH +'/ XSWR Diabetes PD\VORZWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIGLDEHWLFQHXURSDWK\ Headaches PD\KHOSSUHYHQWKHDGDFKHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWK306 PLJUDLQH Arthritis QLDFLQPD\EHEHQH¿FLDOIRURVWHRDUWKULWLV SDUWLFXODUO\LQYROYLQJWKHNQHH Raynaud’s disease & intermittent claudication GXHWRYDVRGLODWLRQHIIHFWV 20 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Vizniak & Marciano (pantothenic acid) Vitamin B5 Dosage Therapeutic range: 50 mg-1000 mg/day 3DQWRWKHQLFDFLG¶VELRORJLFDOO\DFWLYHIRUPLVFRHQ]\PH$ &R$ ZKLFKLVUHTXLUHGLQRYHUPHWDEROLF SDWKZD\V Food DRI for Vitamin B5 (mg) Adult Men 5 5'$ PJG Adult Women 5 Dietary Sources Source Serving size mg Calf liver 100 g 7.9 Peas 100 g 2.1 %URZQULFH J /REVWHU J Functions of Vitamin B5 Energy metabolism&R$WUDQVIHUVFDUERQJURXSVLQIDWW\DFLG VXJDUPHWDEROLVP Biochemical synthesis &R$LVUHTXLUHGIRUWKHV\QWKHVLVRIIDWW\DFLGV SDUWLFXODUO\LQFHOO PHPEUDQHV FKROHVWHUROVWHURLGKRUPRQHV YLWDPLQV$ '$VZHOODVWKHV\QWKHVLVRIWKH IROORZLQJSURWHLQV DPLQRDFLGV OHXFLQHDUJLQLQHPHWKLRQLQHKHPRJORELQ F\WRFKURPHSURWHLQV NeurotransmitterSDQWRWKHQLFDFLGLVUHTXLUHGIRUWKHV\QWKHVLVRIDFHW\OFKROLQH 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity )DWLJXHKHDGDFKHVGHSUHVVLRQDQHPLD ([WUHPHO\ORZULVNRIWR[LFLW\ ,QVRPQLDPXVFOHDFKHVMRLQWDFKHV !JGPD\FDXVHGLDUUKHD 1XPEQHVV EXUQLQJLQORZHUOHJV IHHW 5LVNRIGH¿FLHQF\LVH[WUHPHO\UDUHGXHWRWKHZLGHSUHYDOHQFHRISDQWRWKHQLFDFLGLQIRRGV 6XEFOLQLFDOGH¿FLHQF\PD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKRWKHU%YLWDPLQGH¿FLHQFLHVLQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKKHDY\ DOFRKROFRQVXPSWLRQFKURQLFLOOQHVVRUORZFDORULHGLHWLQJ ZHLJKWORVV Therapeutic Research Arthritis PD\ĻPRUQLQJVWLIIQHVVLQERWKUKHXPDWRLG RVWHRDUWKULWLV PJG Dyslipidemia PJGPD\ĻVHUXPFKROHVWHURO WULJO\FHULGHV Microcytic anemia WKURXJKLWVUROHLQKHPRJORELQV\QWKHVLV LQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKLURQ Fatigue VXEFOLQLFDOGH¿FLHQF\RI%PD\SURGXFHIDWLJXHVXSSOHPHQWDWLRQPD\EHEHQH¿FLDO Improved wound healing DIWHUWUDXPDRUVXUJHU\ Stress reduction/adaptation %VXSSRUWVDGUHQDOIXQFWLRQ Vizniak & Marciano www.prohealthsys.com Food as Medicine | 21 Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) Dosage Food Therapeutic range 10 mg-1500 mg/day 9LWDPLQ%LVFRQYHUWHGLQWRS\ULGR[DOSKRVSKDWH 3/3 ZKLFKLVLQYROYHGLQRYHUPHWDEROLF UHDFWLRQVLQWKHERG\LQFOXGLQJWUDQVDPLQDWLRQ WKHXUHDF\FOH DRI Vitamin B6 (mg) 5'$ PJG Adult Men 1.3-1.7 Adult Women 1.3-1.5 Dietary Sources Source Serving size mg Calf liver 100 g 0.9 3RWDWRH DYHUDJHVL]H %DQDQD DYHUDJHVL]H Functions of Vitamin B6 Protein synthesisFHQWUDOUROHLQWKHFRQYHUVLRQRIDPLQRDFLGVLQWRSURWHLQVFROODJHQ KHPRJORELQ V\QWKHVLV Niacin formation3/3LVHVVHQWLDOIRUWKHFRQYHUVLRQRIWU\SWRSKDQWRQLDFLQ Lipid metabolism3/3LVYLWDOWRIDWPHWDEROLVPP\HOLQVKHDWKIRUPDWLRQ FHOOPHPEUDQHOLSLG production Neurotransmitter synthesis3/3LVHVVHQWLDOIRUV\QWKHVLVRIVHURWRQLQ IURPWU\SWRSKDQ GRSDPLQH QRUHSLQHSKULQH 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity &KHLORVLVJORVVLWLVVWRPDWLWLV !PJGIRU\HDUPD\SURGXFHQHXURORJLFDO $QHPLD VLGHUREODVWLF GLVWXUEDQFHV QXPEQHVV WLQJOLQJ LQKDQGV IHHW • Depression, anxiety, confusion %LQDFWLYDWHV/GRSDPHGLFDWLRQLQ*,WUDFWWKXVLWLV 3HULSKHUDOQHUYHG\VIXQFWLRQ FRQWUDLQGLFDWHGIRU3DUNLQVRQ¶VSDWLHQWVEHLQJWUHDWHG • Immune suppression ZLWKWKHVHPHGLFDWLRQV ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ ,QFUHDVHGGHPDQGDOFRKROFRQVXPSWLRQVPRNLQJKLJKSURWHLQLQWDNHFRIIHH 0HGLFDWLRQLQWHUDFWLRQVRUDOFRQWUDFHSWLYHVHVWURJHQDQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHPHGV/GRSD &KURQLFGLVHDVHDVWKPDFRURQDU\KHDUWGLVHDVHGLDEHWHVUKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV Therapeutic Research Peripheral neuropathy LQFOXGLQJFDUSDOWXQQHOV\QGURPH PJGIRUPRQWKVPD[ Premenstrual syndrome PD\ĻPRRGVZLQJVHGHPDDFQH PJG Atherolosclerosis ĻSODWHOHWFOXPSLQJ/'/ EORRGKRPRF\VWHLQHUDLVHV+'/ Anemia UHGXFWLRQRIV\PSWRPVDORQHRULQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKLURQ YLWDPLQ$ Arthritis PD\ĻLQÀDPPDWLRQ VZHOOLQJRIMRLQWVRI¿QJHUVDVZHOODVWHQRV\QRYLWLV Diabetes PJG PD\KHOSSUHYHQWGLDEHWLFQHXURSDWK\ JHVWDWLRQDOGLDEHWHV Epilepsy, autism, depression QHXURWUDQVPLWWHULQYROYHPHQW Osteoporosis KHOSVWRGHFUHDVHKRPRF\VWHLQH ĹFROODJHQFURVVOLQNLQJ Clinical Measurement 8ULQDU\OHYHOVUHÀHFWVUHFHQWLQWDNH XULQDU\H[FUHWLRQIRUP S\ULGR[LFDFLG (U\WKURF\WHDPLQR WUDQVIHUDVHDFWLYLW\PHDVXUHVWLVVXHVDWXUDWLRQ[DQWKXUHQLFDFLGOHYHOVLQGLFDWH%GH¿FLHQF\ 22 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Vizniak & Marciano (folic acid) Vitamin B9 Dosage 7KHUDSHXWLFUDQJH ȞJȞJGD\ 'LHWVKLJKLQSURFHVVHGIRRGDUHORZLQIRODWHDVPRVWRIWKHIRODWHLVUHPRYHGWKURXJKSURFHVVLQJ )RODWHGH¿FLHQF\LVRQHRIWKHPRVWFRPPRQYLWDPLQGH¿FLHQFLHV Food )RODWHLVDEVRUEHG FRQYHUWHGWRLWVDFWLYHIRUPWHWUDK\GURIRODWH 7+) VWRUHGLQWKHOLYHU '5,IRU)ROLF$FLG ȞJ Adult Men 1000 Adult Women 1000 5'$ ȝJGNJRIERG\ZHLJKW Dietary Sources 6RXUFH 6HUYLQJVL]H ȞJ %UHZHU¶V\HDVW 7EVS .LGQH\EHDQV J 6SLQDFK J %URFFROL J (JJ DYHUDJHVL]H Functions of Folic Acid Protein synthesisHVVHQWLDOUROHLQDPLQRDFLGFRQYHUVLRQV V\QWKHVLVRIVWUXFWXUDO IXQFWLRQDO proteins Cell growthHVVHQWLDOIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRI'1$ 51$ Fetal developmentUHTXLUHGIRUQRUPDOGHYHORSPHQW SDUWLFXODUO\IRUFHQWUDOQHUYRXVV\VWHP Neurotransmitter synthesisVHHGHSUHVVLRQLQWKHUDSHXWLFUHVHDUFKVHFWLRQEHORZ 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity $QHPLD PHJDOREODVWLF ([WUHPHO\QRQWR[LF • Glossitis, GI irritation 'RVHV!ȝJPD\Ļ]LQFDEVRUSWLRQ 'HSUHVVLRQLUULWDELOLW\KRVWLOLW\ • Large doses are contraindicated for epileptics on %LUWKGHIHFWV QHXUDOWXEH anticonvulsant medication ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ 'HFUHDVHGDEVRUSWLRQDOFRKROLFVORZIUHVKIRRGGLHWVPDODEVRUSWLRQV\QGURPHV 5DSLGJURZWKGXULQJSUHJQDQF\ 0HGLFDWLRQLQWHUDFWLRQVDVSLULQDQWDFLGVRUDOFRQWUDFHSWLYHV DQWLELRWLFV =LQFGH¿FLHQF\ZLOOFDXVHDGHFUHDVHLQIRODWHDEVRUSWLRQ 1RWH )RODWH %GH¿FLHQF\KDYHPDQ\VLPLODUIHDWXUHV PD\PDVNHDFKRWKHU Therapeutic Research Pregnancy ĻSUHPDWXUHELUWKFOHIWOLS SDODWH QHXUDOWXEHGHIHFWV Atherosclerosis IRODWHORZHUVKRPRF\VWHLQHOHYHOV Cancer IRODWHZLWKYLWDPLQ$PD\ĻULVNRIFHUYLFDOG\VSODVLD PJGIRUPRQWKV Diabetics PD\LPSURYHFLUFXODWLRQ YLVXDODFXLW\LQHOGHUO\GLDEHWLFV PJG Depression DLGVLQ17V\QWKHVLVE\LQFUHDVLQJ7+3 WHWUDK\GURELRSWHULQ OHYHOV Osteoporosis LQFUHDVHVFROODJHQFURVVOLQNLQJ Vizniak & Marciano www.prohealthsys.com Food as Medicine | 23 Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) Dosage Food 7KHUDSHXWLFUDQJH ȞJGD\ 9LWDPLQ%LVIRXQGLQPDQ\IRUPV QDWXUDOO\DVPHWK\OFREDODPLQ PHWK\O% GHR[\DGHQRV\OFREDODPLQ FRHQ]\PH% V\QWKHWLFDOO\DVK\GUR[\FREDODPLQ F\DQRFREDODPLQ ERWKRIZKLFKGRQRWRFFXUQDWXUDOO\ a RI%LVVWRUHGLQWKHOLYHU '5,9LWDPLQIRU% ȞJ Adult Men 2.4 5'$ ȝJG Adult Women 2.4 Dietary Sources 6RXUFH 6HUYLQJVL]H ȞJ Liver 100 g 60 Salmon 100 g 3 %HHI¿OHW J Functions of Vitamin B12 Folate metabolism%LVUHTXLUHGIRUWKHDFWLYDWLRQRIIRODWHLQWR7+) LWVDFWLYHIRUP Cell growthDORQJZLWKIRODWHLVHVVHQWLDOIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRI'1$ 51$ Fat metabolismUHTXLUHGIRUFRQYHUVLRQRIPHWK\OPDORQDWHWRVXFFLQDWH IRUIDWPHWDEROLVP Amino acid metabolismUHTXLUHGIRUFRQYHUVLRQRIKRPRF\VWHLQHWRPHWKLRQLQH Nervous systemUHTXLUHGIRUV\QWKHVLVRIP\HOLQLQ&16 316 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity 3HUQLFLRXVDQHPLD PHJDOREODVWLF • GI irritation (gastritis) • Sensory, motor & cognitive impairment • No reports of toxicity at doses &RQVWLSDWLRQDQRUH[LDZHLJKWORVV !PJGD\ %GH¿FLHQWSDWLHQWVULVNVHULRXVQHUYRXVV\VWHP GHWHULRUDWLRQLIXQGHUJRLQJQLWURXVR[LGHDQHVWKHVLD ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ 3HUQLFLRXVDQHPLDVHFRQGDU\WRĻLQWULQVLFIDFWRU ,) RUDFKORUK\GULD ORZVWRPDFKDFLG /RZLQWDNHKLJKHUGHPDQGVWULFWYHJHWDULDQVSUHJQDQF\HOGHUO\VPRNLQJDOFRKROLFV 0HGLFDWLRQLQWHUDFWLRQVSDUDDPLQRVDOLF\OLFDFLG 3$6$ FKROLQHQHRP\FLQRUDOFRQWUDFHSWLYHV$=7 LQWHUDFWVZLWK%DEVRUSWLRQ PHWDEROLVP Therapeutic Research Pernicious anemia ȝJGSUHYHQWVGH¿FLHQF\GXHWRDEVRUSWLRQHYHQZLWKQR,) Peripheral nerve disorders PD\ĻSDLQV\PSWRPVRISRVWKHUSHWLF WULJHPLQDOQHXUDOJLDPD\ DFFHOHUDWHKHDOLQJWLPHLQQHUYHLQMXULHV GLDEHWLFQHXURSDWK\ Atherosclerosis ZLWKIRODWHPD\SUHYHQWFRQGLWLRQVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKĹEORRGKRPRF\VWHLQH Alzheimer’s, psychiatric/nervous disorders PD\ĻGHPHQWLD FRQIXVLRQLQHOGHUO\ Tinnitus PD\ĻV\PSWRPVE\VWDELOL]LQJQHXUDODFWLYLW\ AIDS PD\LQKLELW+,9UHSOLFDWLRQ Clinical Measurement 6HUXP%UHÀHFWVWLVVXHVWRUHV ELRDYDLODELOLW\ 'HR[\XULGLQHVXSSUHVVLRQWHVWGLIIHUHQWLDWHVIRODWHIURP%GH¿FLHQF\ 24 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Vizniak & Marciano Biotin Dosage 7KHUDSHXWLFUDQJH ȞJGD\ %LRWLQLVUHTXLUHGIRUPDQ\UHDFWLRQVLQYROYLQJWKHWUDQVIHURI&22JURXSVEHWZHHQPROHFXOHVLQWKH PHWDEROLVPRIFDUERK\GUDWHVOLSLGV DPLQRDFLGV Food '5,IRU%LRWLQ ȞJ Adult Men 30 Adult Women 30 5'$ ȝJG Dietary Sources 6RXUFH 6HUYLQJVL]H ȞJ /LYHU J %UHZHU¶V\HDVW J Oatmeal 100 g 20 Egg 1 (average) 12 Functions of Biotin Glucose synthesisLQLWLDOVWHSLQJOXFRQHRJHQVLVUHTXLUHVELRWLQ Avena sativa Fat metabolismHVVHQWLDOIRUIDWW\DFLGV\QWKHVLV EUHDNGRZQ Amino acid metabolismUHTXLUHGIRUEUHDNGRZQRIDPLQRDFLGVVXFKDVWKUHRQLQHLVROHXFLQH PHWKLRQLQHIRUHQHUJ\XVH Cell metabolism UHTXLUHGIRU'1$V\QWKHVLV 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity • Rare $QRUH[LDQDXVHDPXVFOHDFKHV 1RQWR[LFHYHQDWRUDOGRVHVRYHUPJGD\ • Hair loss, scaly dermatitis ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ ,QFUHDVHGGHPDQGSUHJQDQF\ODFWDWLRQJURZWKGXULQJFKLOGKRRG /RZFDORULHGLHWVFKURQLFXVHRIDQWLELRWLFV $FKORUK\GULD &RQVXPSWLRQRIODUJHDPRXQWVRIUDZHJJZKLWH $YLGLQDVXEVWDQFHLQUDZHJJZKLWHVELQGVELRWLQ Therapeutic Research Seborrheic dermatitis (Cradle Cap - seborrheic dermatitis in newborns) PD\EHUHYHUVHGZLWK VXSSOHPHQWDWLRQ PJGD\ Diabetes PD\KHOSFRQWUROEORRGJOXFRVH Hair & nail disorders GU\EULWWOHKDLU QDLOVPD\EHQH¿WIURPELRWLQVXSSOHPHQWDWLRQ Clinical Measurement 6HUXPELRWLQUHÀHFWVWRWDODEVRUEHGYLWDPLQ Vizniak & Marciano www.prohealthsys.com Food as Medicine | 25 Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Dosage Food Therapeutic range: 1000 - 20 000 mg/day 9LWDPLQ&SOD\VDNH\UROHLQWKHERG\¶VDELOLW\WRKDQGOHSK\VLRORJLFVWUHVVHVGXULQJLQIHFWLRQVLQMXU\ ZRXQGKHDOLQJFKURQLFGLVHDVHV HQYLURQPHQWDOWR[LQH[SRVXUH RDI for Vitamin C (mg) Adult Men 90 5'$ PJG Adult Women 75 Dietary Sources Source Serving size mg 3DSD\D PHGLXP %URFFROL J Note: Vitamin C is contraindicated with Orange 1 (medium) 70 aspirin (potential GI bleeding) 6WUDZEHUULHV J Herbal Sources 5RVHKLSV$ORH9HUD&DVVLDVSS 6HQQD 5XPH[FULVSXV Functions of Vitamin C Antioxidant LVWKHERG\¶VSULPDU\ZDWHUVROXEOHDQWLR[LGDQW UHTXLUHGIRU9LWDPLQ(UHJHQHUDWLRQ Collagen synthesisHVVHQWLDOIRUFROODJHQSURGXFWLRQ UHSDLU Neurotransmitter synthesisUHTXLUHGIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRIQRUHSLQHSKULQH VHURWRQLQ Increased iron absorption ĹDEVRUSWLRQRIQRQKHPHLURQLQGLHW Other functions &DUQLWLQHV\QWKHVLVLPSURYHGLPPXQRFRPSHWHQFHFKROHVWHUROEUHDNGRZQKRUPRQH production 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity (DV\EUXLVLQJ 'RVHV!JGIRU\HDUVKDYHVKRZQIHZVLGH 6FXUY\ EOHHGLQJVZROOHQJXPV effects ,PSDLUHGZRXQGKHDOLQJ 3RWHQWLDO*,LUULWDWLRQGLDUUKHD 1HXURSV\FKLDWULFFKDQJHV 0D\ĹULVNRINLGQH\VWRQHIRUPDWLRQ ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ ,QFUHDVHGSK\VLFDOVWUHVVVPRNLQJLQMXU\VXUJHU\FKURQLFLOOQHVV5$GLDEHWHV ,QFUHDVHGGHPDQGUDSLGJURZWKDERYHUHDVRQV 9LWDPLQ&DEVRUSWLRQLVKLQGHUHGE\KLJKOHYHOVRISHFWLQ]LQF LURQLQWKH*,WUDFW Therapeutic Research Immune response PHJDGRVHVPD\ĹLPPXQHUHVSRQVH Cancer prevention PD\KHOSSUHYHQWFDUFLQRJHQ FDQFHUIRUPDWLRQ PJGPJG Wound healing LPSURYHGKHDOLQJWLPH PJPJGD\ Atherosclerosis FDQORZHUFKROHVWHUROWULJO\FHULGHV UDLVH+'/FKROHVWHURO Periodontal disease FDQĻJXPLQÀDPPDWLRQ SURPRWHKHDOLQJ ,URQGHÀFLHQF\YLWDPLQ&HQKDQFHVLURQDEVRUSWLRQIURPPHDOV VXSSOHPHQWV Cataracts DQWLR[LGDQWDFWLRQPD\SUHYHQWFDWDUDFWIRUPDWLRQ GlaucomaJGD\PD\ORZHULQWUDRFXODUEORRGSUHVVXUH 26 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Vizniak & Marciano Calcium Dosage Therapeutic range: 1000-3000 mg DRI Calcium (mg) Food Adult Men 1000-1200 5'$ PJG Adult Women 1000-1200 Dietary Sources Source mg/serving Vitamin D is crucial for the absorption 7RIX ZFDOFLXP PJ of calcium Sardines 400 mg 0LONFKHHVH PJ See page 402 for calcium metabolism 'DUNJUHHQYHJHWDEOHV PJ Herbal Sources 9DOHULDQDRII 9DOHULDQ 4XHUFXVVSS 2DN 3DX'¶DUFR)XFXVYHVLFXORVLV .HOS 8UWLFDGLRFLD 1HWWOHV &DVVLDDQJXVWLIROLD 6HQQD 9LEXUQXPRII &UDPSEDUN 3ODQWDJRRII 3ODQWDLQ 5XEXV LGHDXV 5DVSEHUU\OHDI 6WDFK\VRII :RRG%HWRQ\ Functions of Calcium Bone & tooth structure, blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve transmission Calcium is one of the most important & highly regulated substances in the human body 'HÀFLHQF\ 7R[LFLW\6LJQV 6\PSWRPV 'HÀFLHQF\ Toxicity • Osteoporosis 'RVHV!JGGRQRWKDYHVLJQL¿FDQWVLGH 3RRUTXDOLW\WRRWKHQDPHO effects • Muscle cramps & spasms +LJKGRVHVPD\EHFRQWUDLQGLFDWHGZLWK ,QFUHDVHGQHUYHFHOOLUULWDELOLW\ K\SHUSDUDWK\URLGLVP SUHGLVSRVLWLRQWRIRUP 3URORQJHGEOHHGLQJWLPHV calcium oxalate kidney stones ,QFUHDVHGGH¿FLHQF\ULVNPD\EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ *HQHWLFVVPDOOIUDPHGFDXFDVLDQ RULHQWDOZRPHQZLWKORQJSRVWPHQRSDXVHOLIH 0HGLFDWLRQLQWHUDFWLRQVDQWDFLGVOD[DWLYHVWK\URLGPHGVVWHURLGV VRPHFKROHVWHUROORZHULQJPHGV 3RRUDEVRUSWLRQLQFUHDVHGVHFUHWLRQORZYLWDPLQ'KLJKSKRVSKDWHLQWDNHNLGQH\GLVHDVHSURWHLQ LQWDNH!RIWRWDOFDORULHVFRIIHHEODFNWHDDOFRKROIDWPDODEVRUSWLRQGLVHDVHV Therapeutic Research Osteoporosis 1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI+HDOWKUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV 1. PJGSUHPHQRSDXVDOZRPHQ 2. PJGSRVWPHQRSDXVDOZRPHQ 3. PJGPHQRYHU\UV Blood pressure ĻK\SHUWHQVLRQ LQVRPHSDWLHQWV PJG Colon cancer LQFUHDVHGLQWDNH ZLWKYLWDPLQ' PD\ĻULVNRIFRORQFDQFHU PMSPJGĻLUULWDELOLW\ GHSUHVVLRQ Clinical Measurement 6HUXPFDOFLXPERQHGHQVLW\VFDQK\GUR[\SUROLQHLVDXULQHPDUNHUIURUFROODJHQEUHDNGRZQ Vizniak & Marciano www.prohealthsys.com Food as Medicine | 27 Minerals Chromium PD\LPSDLUWK\URLGIXQFWLRQRUDJJUDYDWHDFQH Food '5, ȝJWKHUDSHXWLFUDQJHȝJ 7KHUDSHXWLFUHVHDUFKPDLQXVHLVWRĻSUHYHQW )XQFWLRQV$LGVJOXFRVHPHWDEROLVPOLSLG LRGLQHGH¿FLHQF\ K\SRWK\URLGGLVRUGHUV SURWHLQPHWDEROLVP Iron Dietary Sources ±5DZR\VWHUV6SLUXOLQD '5, PJPJGIRUSUHPHQRSDXVDODGXOW SHDQXWVPXVKURRPV DSSOHV females Herbal Sources Gymnema sylvestre )XQFWLRQVUHTXLUHGIRUKHPRJORELQ R[\JHQ *\PQHPD $YHQDVDWLYD 2DWV 8UWLFD transport), muscle function, energy production diocia (Netlles), Trifolium pratense (Red Dietary SourcesOLYHUEHHIODPESRUNIRUWL¿HG &ORYHU *LQNJRELORED *LQNJR +LELVFXV FHUHDOEUHZHU¶V\HDVWQXWVEHDQV 'H¿FLHQF\LPSDLUHGLQVXOLQIXQFWLRQ JOXFRVH Herbal Sources+DUSDJRSK\WXPSURFXPEHQV WROHUDQFHHOHYDWHGFKROHVWHURO 'HYLO¶V&ODZ 6WHOODULDPHGLD &KLFNZHHG 7R[LFLW\QRQHDWGRVHV!ȝJGIRUWKUHH 9HUEDVFXPWKDSVXV 0XOOHLQ &LPLFLIXJD PRQWKV UDFHPRVD %ODFN&RKRVK $UFWLXPODSSD 7KHUDSHXWLFUHVHDUFKLPSURYHGJOXFRVH %XUGRFN 5XEXVLGHDXV 5DVSEHUU\OHDI WROHUDQFHĻVHUXPFKROHVWHUROPD\ĹOHDQ Taraxacum off. Radix (Dandelion root) ERG\PDVVGXULQJZHLJKWWUDLQLQJ 'H¿FLHQF\PLFURF\WLFK\SRFKURPLFDQHPLD fatigue, impaired mental & motor function, Copper cataracts '5, ȝJWKHUDSHXWLFUDQJHPJ 7R[LFLW\LURQSRLVRQLQJLQFKLOGUHQFDQEHIDWDO )XQFWLRQVLURQPHWDEROLVPHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQ (lethal dose = 2-2.5 g in a 10 kg child), doses FRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHV\QWKHVLVSLJPHQW XSWRPJPJFDQEHJLYHQWRWUHDWLURQ production, antioxidant protection, GH¿FLHQF\DQHPLDPD\FDXVHDEGRPLQDO PHWDEROLVPRIKRUPRQHV QHXURWUDQVPLWWHUV pain, nausea & vomiting. Iron supplementation Dietary Sources OLYHUVKHOO¿VKQXWVVHHGV LVFRQWUDLQGLFDWHGLQSDWLHQWVZLWK GULHGIUXLWIRUWL¿HGEUHDNIDVWFHUHDO KHPRFKURPDWRVLV7KHUHPD\EHDQLQFUHDVHG Herbal Sources - Scutellaria laterifolia ULVNRIIUHHUDGLFDOSDWKRORJ\ZLWKH[FHVVLURQ 6NXOOFDS 6DOYLDRII 6DJH 4XHUFXV 7KHUDSHXWLFUHVHDUFKPDLQXVHLVWRĻSUHYHQW DOED 2DN (TXLVHWXPDUYHQVH +RUVHWDLO LURQGH¿FLHQF\DQHPLD Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) 1RWH FRSSHU ]LQFUDWLRLVLPSRUWDQW DOZD\V Magnesium WDNH ]LQF FRSSHU '5, PJPJNJRIERG\ZHLJKW 'H¿FLHQF\DQHPLDSRRUFRQQHFWLYHWLVVXH WKHUDSHXWLFUDQJHPJ V\QWKHVLVG\VOLSLGHPLDRVWHRSRURVLV )XQFWLRQVHQHUJ\PHWDEROLVPERQHWHHWK 7R[LFLW\QRQWR[LF PJGGRVHV!PJG VWUXFWXUHUHJXODWHVFDOFLXPFKDQQHOVLQWKH PD\FDXVHQDXVHDYRPLWLQJGLDUUKHD KHDUWVNHOHWDOPXVFOH QHUYHV :LOVRQ¶VGLVHDVH FRSSHUVWRUDJHGLVRUGHU Dietary SourcesVR\ÀRXUIRUWL¿HGFHUHDOOHQWLOV KHSDWROHQWLFXODUGHJHQHUDWLRQ VSLQDFKZDOQXWVSHDQXWVDOPRQGVVHDIRRG 7KHUDSHXWLFUHVHDUFKPD\ĻV\PSWRPVRI Herbal Sources$YHQDVDWLYD RDWV *O\F\UUKL]D UKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV FHUWDLQDQHPLDV JODEUD /LFRULFH )XFXVYHVLFXORVLV .HOS %ODGGHUZUDFN 8UWLFDGLRFD 6WLQJLQJ1HWWOH Iodine 0HQWKDSLSHULWD 3HSSHUPLQW 6DOL[DOED '5, ȝJWKHUDSHXWLFUDQJHȝJ :LOORZ $OWKHDRII 0DUVKPDOORZ )XQFWLRQVWK\URLGKRUPRQHV\QWKHVLV UHJXODWH 'H¿FLHQF\PXVFOHZHDNQHVVWUHPRUV JURZWKGHYHORSPHQW HQHUJ\PHWDEROLVP K\SRFDOFHPLDK\SRNDOHPLD Dietarty Sources LRGL]HGVDOWVDOWZDWHU¿VK 7R[LFLW\GRVHVXSWRJGD\KDYHQRVLGHHIIHFWV VHDZHHGVHDIRRG ,WLVFRQWUDLQGLFDWHGLQSDWLHQWVZLWKLPSDLUHG Herbal Sources)XFXVYHVLFXORVLV .HOS NLGQH\IXQFWLRQRUKHDUWEORFNVZLWKRXW %ODGGHUZUDFN DUWL¿FLDOSDFHPDNHUV 'H¿FLHQF\JRLWHUK\SRWK\URLGLVPFUHWLQLVPLQ 7KHUDSHXWLFUHVHDUFKGLDEHWHVPHOOLWXVNLGQH\ FKLOGUHQ VWRQHVSUHYHQWLRQĻULVNRIKHDUWGLVHDVH 7R[LFLW\QRQWR[LF ȝJG!PJG K\SHUWHQVLRQĻPXVFOHFUDPSVPLJUDLQH KHDGDFKHVRVWHRSRURVLVDVWKPD306 28 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Vizniak & Marciano Minerals Manganese activity '5, PJWKHUDSHXWLFUDQJHaPJGD\ 7R[LFLW\FRQWUDLQGLFDWHGLQNLGQH\IDLOXUHGRVHV )XQFWLRQVFDUESURWHLQPHWDEROLVPLQVXOLQ !JGPD\SURGXFHK\SHUNDOHPLD SURGXFWLRQERQH FDUWLODJHV\QWKHVLV 7KHUDSHXWLFUHVHDUFKORZHULQJEORRGSUHVVXUH Food antioxidant FRQVWLSDWLRQFDUGLDFDUUK\WKPLDVH[HUFLVH Dietary Sources RDWPHDOVR\ÀRXUZKHDW JHUPULFHEUDQSHDQXWVSHFDQVPXVVHOV Selenium EDQDQDV '5, ȝJȝJNJRIERG\ZHLJKW Herbal Sources5XEXVLGHDXV 5DVSEHUU\ WKHUDSHXWLFUDQJHaȝJGD\ OHDI 9DFFLQLXPVSS %LOEHUU\ =LQJLEHURII )XQFWLRQVDQWLR[LGDQWSURWHFWLRQLPPXQH (Ginger), Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) IXQFWLRQWK\URLGKRUPRQHPHWDEROLVP 'H¿FLHQF\LPSDLUHGLQVXOLQVHFUHWLRQ Dietary Sources WXQDKHUULQJVDUGLQHVOLYHU ERQHSURGXFWLRQSRRUZRXQGKHDOLQJ VR\EHDQVEHHISRUNVDOPRQFRGPLON VFKL]RSKUHQLD products 7R[LFLW\GRVHVPJGVDIHIRUKHDOWK\DGXOWV Herbal Sources -+LELVFXV1HSHWDFDWDULD toxicity can produce CNS effects &DWQLS 6LO\EXPPDULDQXP 0LON7KLVWOH 7KHUDSHXWLFUHVHDUFKRVWHRSRURVLVGLDEHWHV $FKLOOHDPLOOHIROLXP Vizniak & Marciano www.prohealthsys.com Food as Medicine | 29 Minerals Zinc Food Sodium '5, PJGWKHUDSHXWLFUDQJHPJGD\ 5'$ PJGD\EDVHGRQDJHRUKHDOWK )XQFWLRQVHQ]\PHIXQFWLRQ !]LQF stage GHSHQGDQWHQ]\PHV SURWHLQVWUXFWXUH )XQFWLRQVPXVWEHLQEDODQFHZLWK.LQWKH & function, immune function, antioxidant, ERG\DQGLVLQYROYHGLQWKHWUDQVIHURI ZRXQGKHDOLQJ HQHUJ\ ÀXLGEDODQFH Dietary Sources -R\VWHUVOLYHUEHHISRXOWU\ Dietary Sources ±7DEOHVDOWFDQQHG seafood, dairy products, eggs, lentils, processed foods (often added as a oatmeal, corn preservative) Herbal Sources$YHQDVDWLYD 2DWV 9DFFLQLXP Herbal Sources -)XFXVYHVLFXORVLV .HOS VSS %LOEHUU\ 6FXWHOODULDODWHULIROLD %ODGGHUZUDFN 'XOVH5RVH+LSV$SLXP (Skullcap), Capsicum spp. (Cayenne), Salvia graveolens (Celery), Centalla asiatica off. (Sage), Dioscorea villosa (Wild Yam), (Gotu kola), Petroselinum crispus (Parsley), 6WHOODULDPHGLD &KLFNZHHG (FKLQDFHDVSS *O\F\UUKL]DJODEUD /LFRULFH $YHQDVDWLYD &RQHÀRZHU 8UWLFDGLRFLD 1HWWOHV (Oats) 'H¿FLHQF\JURZWKUHWDUGDWLRQLQFKLOGUHQ 'H¿FLHQF\ 5DUH +\SRWHQVLRQ GHUPDWLWLVSRRUZRXQGKHDOLQJZKLWH 7R[LFLW\+\SHUWHQVLRQÀXLG HGHPDUHWHQWLRQ VSRWVRQQDLOVDFQHKDLUWKLQQLQJ ORVV stroke & kidney disease 1RWH WVSRIWDEOHVDOW PJRIVRGLXP decreased immune response, impaired DQGVPDOOEDJRI/D\VSRWDWRFKLSV JOXFRVHWROHUDQFHIUHHUDGLFDOSDWKRORJ\ FRQWDLQVJRIVRGLXP7KHDYHUDJH LPSDLUHGWHVWLFXODURYDULDQIXQFWLRQPHQWDO Canadian takes 3400 mg of sodium per illness day. Sodium is not salt! ,WLVDPLQHUDOWKDWLV 7R[LFLW\GRVHV!PJGPD\FDXVHQDXVHD IRXQGLQVDOW WDEOHVDOWLVVRGLXPFKORULGH YRPLWLQJ LQWHUIHUHZLWKFRSSHUDEVRUSWLRQ and it is added to many of our foods !PJGPD\LPSDLULPPXQHIXQFWLRQ GHFUHDVHVHUXP+'/FKROHVWHUROOHYHOV Sulphur 7KHUDSHXWLFUHVHDUFKLPSURYHGLPPXQH 5'$ QRWVSHFL¿HG IXQFWLRQSXVWXODUDFQHZRXQGKHDOLQJ )XQFWLRQVDQDQWLR[LGDQWUHTXLUHGIRU LPSURYHGUKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLVPDOHLQIHUWLOLW\ JOXWDWKLRQHV\QWKHVLVDFRPSRQHQWRI GLDEHWHVPDFXODUGHJHQHUDWLRQJDVWULF 6DGHQ\OPHWKLRQLQH 6$0H LPSRUWDQW ulcers IRUWUDQVPHWK\ODWLRQDQGVWUXFWXUDO PRGL¿FDWLRQVIRUVRPHHQ]\PHVLQVXOLQDQG RWKHUSURWHLQV Dietary Sources PHDWSRXOWU\¿VKHJJV OHJXPHVFUXFLIHURXVYHJHWDEOHV EURFFROL FDXOLÀRZHU Herbal Sources -$OOLXPVDWLYXP *DUOLF $OOLXP cepa (Onion), Brassica spp. (Mustard seed) 'H¿FLHQF\5DUH 7R[LFLW\6KRUWWHUPPD\FDXVHGLJHVWLYH GLVWXUEDQFH DJJUDYDWLRQRIVRPH*,7 disorders 7KHUDSHXWLF5HVHDUFK $ELOLW\WRLQFUHDVHWKHFDSDFLW\RIWKH OLYHUWRGHWR[LI\KDUPIXOFDQFHUFDXVLQJ FRPSRXQGV VSHFL¿FDOO\3KDVH GHWR[L¿FDWLRQHQ]\PHV SURYLGHSURWHFWLRQ against cell mutations. Helps deactivate a potent estrogen PHWDEROLWH K\GUR[\HVWURQH WKDW SURPRWHVWXPRUJURZWKHVSHFLDOO\LQ HVWURJHQVHQVLWLYHEUHDVWFHOOV Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle) 30 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Vizniak & Marciano Herbal Actions 8QGHUVWDQGLQJKRZKHUEVZRUNPHDQV Emollients ...... 45 XQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHZLGHUDQJHRIDFWLRQVWKH\ Expectorants ...... 45 FDQKDYHLQWKHERG\,W¶VLPSRUWDQWWRNHHSLQ Febrifuge ...... 46 PLQGWKDWa single herb can have numerous Actions actionsDQGWKH\VKRXOGQHYHUEH³SLJHRQ Galactagogues ...... 46 KROHG´LQWRRQO\GRLQJDQ\RQHWKLQJ2IWHQ Hemostatics ...... 46 WKHLUDFWLRQV SULPDU\VHFRQGDU\HWF DUH Hepatics ...... 46 V\QFKURQL]HG ZRUNWRJHWKHULQDZD\WKDW Hormone Balancers ...... 48 ZLOOEHQH¿WWKHERG\DVDZKROHV\VWHPDQG Hypnotics ...... 47 on multiple levels. Immunomodulators ...... 47 7KHIROORZLQJFKDSWHURXWOLQHVVRPHPDMRU KHUEDODFWLRQVDUUDQJHGDOSKDEHWLFDOO\DQG Immune stimulants ...... 50 JLYHVDGH¿QLWLRQRIWKHLUHIIHFWVDORQJZLWK Laxatives ...... 50 KHUEDOH[DPSOHV Lymphatics ...... 50 Narcotics ...... 50 Adaptogens ...... 32 Nervines ...... 52 Alteratives ...... 33 Nutritives ...... 54 Analgesics ...... 34 Oxytocics ...... 54 Anti-catarrhals ...... 36 Rubefacients ...... 54 Anti-emetics ...... 36 Sedatives ...... 55 $QWLLQÁDPPDWRULHV ...... 37 Stimulants ...... 56 Anti-lithics ...... 38 Tonics ...... 56 Anti-microbials ...... 38 Vulneraries ...... 57 Anti-pyretics ...... 38 Anti-rheumatics ...... 38 Antispasmodics ...... 39 Aperients ...... 39 Aromatics ...... 39 Astringents ...... 39 Bitters ...... 40 Cardiac Tonics ...... 41 Carminatives ...... 41 Cholagogues ...... 42 Choleretics ...... 42 Connective Tissue Tonics ....42 Demulcents ...... 42 Diaphoretics ...... 43 Diuretics ...... 43 Emetics ...... 44 Emmenagogues ...... 44 6\PSK\WXPRI¿FLQDOLV (comfrey) Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 31 Herbal Actions Actions Adaptogens Herbal Examples: 7KRXJKDGDSWRJHQVDUHDUHODWLYHO\QHZFRQ • Astragalus membranaceous (Milk vetch) %RUDJRRI¿FLQDOLV %RUDJH FHSWWRZHVWHUQPHGLFLQH&KLQHVHPHGLFDO • WKHRU\KDVHPSOR\HGWKHLUXVHIRUFHQWXULHV • Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng) 7KHLQWHQWEHKLQGWKHLUXVHLVWKHYHU\ • Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) EDVLVRIDSUHYHQWDWLYHDSSURDFKWRKHDOWK • Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) ZHOOEHLQJDVWKHLUEDVLFDFWLRQLVRQHWKDW • Rhodiola rosea (Arctic rose) improves the body’s adaptability, enabling • Schisandra chinensis (Wu Wei Zi) the avoidance of reaching a point of col- • Withania somniferum (Ashwaghanda) lapse or over-stress. 7KH\PD\SURYLGHEHQH¿WZLWKLQDVSHFL¿F Note: +HUEVULFKLQVDSRQLQVDUHPRVWFRP RUJDQ HJDGUHQDOV RUERG\V\VWHP HJFLU PRQO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKDQDGUHQDOWRQLI\LQJ FXODWRU\UHSURGXFWLYH 7KHUHVWRUDWLYHTXDOLW\ effect. RIWKHVHKHUEVLVDXQLTXHIHDWXUHRIKHUEDO PHGLFLQHXQOLNHDQ\LQWKHSKDUPDFHXWLFDO Alteratives LQGH[DVWKHLUQRUPDOL]LQJHIIHFWFDQOHDGWR FRQWUDGLFWRU\DFWLRQVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHERG\¶V Synonymous with Depuratives or “Blood Puri- QHHGV DNDDPSKRWHULFV 7KLVVHFWLRQZLOO ¿HUV´ IRFXVRQWKHLUHIIHFWVSHUWDLQLQJVSHFL¿FDOO\WR $OWHUDWLYHVDUHKHUEVWKDWgradually restore WKHDGUHQDOJODQGV proper nutrition, elimination & metabolic :KHQXVHGRYHUWLPH How Adaptogens Work function of the body. WKH\KHOSPRYHWKHERG\WRZDUGVDVWDWHRI 7KHFRUHRIWKHLUDFWLRQDSSHDUVWREHLQhelp- JUHDWHUKHDOWK YLWDOLW\ ing the body deal with the physiology of 7UDGLWLRQDOO\WKH\KDYHEHHQUHIHUUHGWRDV stress, DVDSRRUDELOLW\WRFRSHZLWKH[WHUQDO ³%ORRGFOHDQVHUVSXUL¿HUV´KRZHYHUDEHWWHU pressures leads to internal repercussions & WKHPDQLIHVWDWLRQRIPDQ\GLYHUVHIRUPVRI GHVFULSWRUPD\EHWRFRQVLGHUWKHPDV³GHWR[L ¿HUV´DVWKH\KDYHSDUWLFXODUDI¿QLW\WRZDUGV illness. $VWKHDGUHQDOJODQGVXQGHUOLHPXFKRIWKH ERG\¶VUHVSRQVHWRH[WHUQDO LQWHUQDOVWUHVV RUVVRPHPDMRUHIIHFWVRILPSURYHGERGLO\ UHVLVWDQFHWRVWUHVVLQFOXGH • Prevention of common manifestations of adrenal fatigue including poor concen WUDWLRQVOHHSGLVWXUEDQFHIDWLJXHGH creased immune response & resistance to infections. • 5HVWRULQJQRUPDOWRQH IXQFWLRQWRWKH +3$ K\SRWKDODPLFSLWXLWDU\DGUHQDO D[LV 6$6 V\PSDWKRDGUHQDOV\VWHP E\VXSSRUWLQJDGUHQDO SRVVLEO\SLWX Astragalus itary gland function. membranaceous (Milk vetch) 32 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Actions RUJDQV\VWHPVLQYROYHGLQWKHUHPRYDORI ERWKPDFURPLFURQXWULHQWV SK\WRQXWULHQWV PHWDEROLFZDVWHVVXFKDVWKHO\PSKJDVWURLQ required for optimal performance of a variety testinal & urinary tracts, and skin. RIPHWDEROLFIXQFWLRQV $OPRVWHYHU\KHUEKDYHVRPHDOWHUDWLYHIXQF Herbal Examples: Actions WLRQDQGFDQFRPPRQO\EHWKHLUVHFRQGDU\RU • Arctium lappa (Burdock) WHUWLDU\DFWLRQ )RUH[DPSOHGLXUHWLF KHSDWLF • Galium aparine (Cleavers) UHPHGLHVFDQDOVREHYLHZHGDVDOWHUDWLYHV • Iris versicolor (Blue Flag) 7KH\FDQEHXVHGVDIHO\LQPDQ\GLYHUVH • Rumex crispus (Yellow Dock) FRQGLWLRQVDVVXSSRUWLYHUHPHGLHVDQGVKRXOG • Taraxacum off. radix (Dandelion) EHFRQVLGHUHGZKHQFKURQLFLQÀDPPDWRU\RU • Trifolium pratense (Red clover) GHJHQHUDWLYHGLVHDVHH[LVWVVXFKDVLQDUWKUL • Urtica diocia folia (Stinging Nettle) tis, dermatitis, colitis & autoimmune disease. How Alteratives Work 7KHLUH[DFWPRGHRIDFWLRQRQWKHERG\LV QRWZHOOXQGHUVWRRGWKURXJKSKDUPDFRORJ\ KRZHYHULQRQHZD\RUDQRWKHUWKH\ will alter the body’s processes of metabolism so that tissues can best deal with a range of functions from nutrition to elimination. 6RPHZLOOLPSURYHWKHERG\¶VDELOLW\WR HOLPLQDWHZDVWHWKURXJKWKHO\PSKERZHOV NLGQH\VOLYHURUVNLQ0DQ\ZLOOEHULFKLQ Arctium lappa Galium aparine (Burdock) (Cleavers) Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 33 Herbal Actions Actions Analgesics (Anodynes) 0RVWDQDOJHVLFVDUHEHVWXVHGLQORZ $UHKHUEVWKDWwill relieve & soothe pain ZLWKLQWKH ERG\ERWKWRSLFDOO\ LQWHUQDOO\ doses over a longer period of time. 6RPHVSHFL¿FSURSRVHGPHFKDQLVPVRI How Anodynes Work DFWLRQIRUDQDOJHVLFVLQFOXGH • $FWWKURXJKYDULRXVPHFKDQLVPV FRQVWLWX • ,QKLELWLRQRIWKHLQKLELWRU\LQÀXHQFH HQWVVXFKDV salicylates, alkaloids & resin to RI*$%$RQQHXURQVLQYROYHG OHVVHQQHXUDOVHQVLWLYLW\ SDLQVLJQDOVZLWKLQ ZLWKGHVFHQGLQJDQWLQRFLFHSWLYH WKHQHUYRXVV\VWHPUHVXOWLQJLQDQDOJHVLD SDWKZD\V • Some are strong CNS depressants (Hypnot • ,QKLKLEWLRQRIFHOOVRGLXPGHSHQ LFV ZKLFKKDYHWKHSRWHQWLDOWREHWR[LFLQKLJK GHQWFKDQQHOV UHGXFHGDFWLRQ GRVHV pulse dosing & close monitoring is SRWHQWLDOSDLQVLJQDOWUDQVGXFWLRQ often required! • Stimulation & depletion of neu Herbal Examples: URWUDQVPLWWHU6XEVWDQFH3 • Atropa belladonna (Deadly Nightshade) • Capsicum spp. (Cayenne) • 0RGXODWLRQRISURLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Eschscholzia californica (California Poppy) F\WRNLQHV HLFRVDQRLGV\QWKHVLV • Gelsemium sempervirens (Yellow Jasmine) Fear Avoidance Model in Chronic pain Injury ERG\WLVVXHGDPDJH Recovery Disuse, Disability, Depression PAIN Avoidance Return to Activity Hypervigilance )HDURIPRYHPHQW UH LQMXU\SDLQ Low Fear Catastrophization &DWDVWURSKL]DWLRQDYRLGDQFH IHDURIIXWXUHLQMXU\FUHDWHVDF\FOHIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIFKURQLFSDLQ 5HVHDUFK SHUVRQDOH[SHULHQFHVKRZWKDWWKHEHVWFKDQFHIRUUHFRYHU\LVDUHWXUQWRQRUPDO$'/V It is important to have this conversation with patients for their own understanding & healing 7KHFear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ)LVDXVHIXOGLDJQRVWLFLQVWUXPHQWWKDWFDQKHOSVKRZD ELRSV\FKRVRFLDOPRGHORIWKHFRJQLWLYHDIIHFWLYH EHKDYLRUDOLQÀXHQFHVLQSDLQ GLVDELOLW\ 34 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Actions Liver & Lung & Liver & Gall Bladder Diaphragm Gall Bladder Actions Heart/Aorta Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Testis/Ovary Colon Appendix Kidney Bladder Visceral Pain Referral Pain Patterns • Dermal Pain: IURPVXSHU¿FLDOVRIWWLVVXHVXVXDOO\ZHOOORFDOL]HG HJFXWLQVNLQ • Sclerotomic Pain: IURPGHHSVRPDWLFWLVVXHVW\SLFDOO\GHHSDFKLQJ VRPHZKDWORFDOL]HG HJPXVFOH strain) • Visceral pain:IURPLQWHUQDORUJDQFDSVXOHGLVWHQVLRQRULVFKHPLDGHHSDFK\FUDPSLQJSDLQWKDWPD\ EHVKDUSDWWLPHVRIWHQSRRUO\ORFDOL]HGDQGPD\EHLPPRELOL]LQJLQPRUHVHYHUHFDVHV HJLQWHVWLQDO FUDPSV306KHDUWDWWDFNDSSHQGLFLWLV • Radicular Pain: IURPQHUYHURRWVRIWHQGHVFULEHGDVVKRRWLQJHOHFWULFDODQGRUEXUQLQJDQGLQD dermatomal pattern QHUYHURRWFRPSUHVVLRQ QHUYHFRPSUHVVLRQGLVWDOWRWKHQHUYHURRWVPD\UHVXOWLQ DSHULSKHUDOQHUYHGLVWULEXWLRQSDWWHUQRISDLQ • Phantom pain: DULVHVIURPGLUHFWFKDQJHVLQQHXUDOSDWKZD\V SHUFHSWLRQRIWKHEUDLQIHOWE\DPSXWHHV LQWKHDUHDRIWKHPLVVLQJOLPE • Referred pain: SDLQIHOWDWDVLWHRWKHUWKDQZKHUHWKHFDXVHLVVLWXDWHG SDLQLQLQWHUQDORUJDQVRU P\RIDVFLDOWULJJHUSRLQWV 0)73 LVRIWHQUHIHUUHGWRRWKHUORFDWLRQV PHFKDQLVPVRIUHIHUUHGSDLQDUH FRPSOH[WKHRULHVLQFOXGHFRQYHUJHQWSURMHFWLRQFRQYHUJHQWIDFLOLWDWLRQD[RQUHÀH[ K\SHUH[FLWDELOLW\ Pain Duration • Acute Pain: JHQHUDOO\UHIHUVWRSDLQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHDFXWHVWDJHRILQÀDPPDWLRQKRZHYHUFDQEH GHVFULEHGDVSDLQWKDWLVXQEHDUDEOHXVXDOO\¿UVWKRXUV • Sub Acute:SDLQDIWHUWKHDFXWHVWDJHEXWQRW\HWFKURQLF !KUV • Chronic Pain:UHIHUVWRSDLQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHVWDJHVKHDOLQJDIWHUWKHUHVROXWLRQRIWKHLQÀDPPDWRU\ UHVSRQVHLVFRPPRQO\XVHGLQUHIHUHQFHWRSDLQRIORQJGXUDWLRQLHPRUHWKDQPRQWKV Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 35 Herbal Actions Actions Anthelmintics How Anti-catarrhals Work $QWKHOPLQWLFVKHOSGHVWUR\RUH[SHOSDUDVLWLF 0XFRXVLVQRWLQDQGRILWVHOIDSUREOHPDVLW ZRUPVIURPWKHGLJHVWLYHWUDFWRIWHQGXHWR LVSXUSRVHIXOO\PDGHE\WKHERG\WRKHOSULG QHXURWR[LFYRODWLOHRLOV HJWKXMRQH ZKLFK LWVHOIRIIRUHLJQERGLHV LQIHFWLRXVDJHQWV FDQDFFXPXODWHZLWKLQWKHERG\DQGEHWR[LF :KHQDQH[FHVVLVEHLQJSURGXFHGLWLVXVXDOO\ LQKLJKGRVHVVRWKH\VKRXOGQRWEHXVHG LQUHVSRQVHWRDQFKURQLFLQIHFWLRQRULUULWDWLRQ ORQJWHUP RIWKHPXFRXVPHPEUDQHDVDQDWWHPSWWR UHPRYHDSDWKRJHQLFRUJDQLVPDQGRUH[FHVV Herbal Examples FDUERK\GUDWHVIURPWKHERG\ • Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood) • Allium sativum (Garlic) • Some contain volatile oils and/or sapo- • Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) ninsZKLFKZRUNE\WKLQQLQJWKHPXFRXV • Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae) PDNLQJLWPRUHZDWHU\ HDVLHUWRH[SHO • 6RPHZLOOUHGXFHPXFRXVVHFUHWLRQV GLUHFWO\WKURXJKWKHDVWULQJHQWSURSHUWLHV of tannins. Herbal Examples: • Baptisia tinctoria (Wild Indigo) • Ephedra sinensis (Ma Huang) • Euphrasia off. (Eyebright) • Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) • 6DPEXFXVQLJUD (OGHUEHUU\ ÀRZHU • Solidago virgaurea (Golden rod) Anti-emetic $UHKHUEVWKDWZLOOreduce feelings of nausea and relieve or prevent vomiting. How Anti-emetics Work Artemisia absinthium 0RVWRIWKHVHKHUEVDUHFDUPLQDWLYHVWKDWDUH (Wormwood) ULFKLQvolatile oils,ZKLFKZLOOVRRWKH VHWWOH WKHGLJHVWLYHSURFHVVHVRIWKHVWRPDFK6RPH ZLOODOVRKDYHDJHQWOHQHUYLQHUHOD[DQWHIIHFW WKDWZLOOUHOD[ERWKWKHPLQGDQGVPRRWKPXVFOH OD\HUVRIWKHGLJHVWLYHWUDFW Anti-catarrhals Herbal Examples: Synonymous with Mucolytic or Secretolytic • 0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV /HPRQ%DOP $UHKHUEVWKDWZLOO remove excess mucous • Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) from the body.7KH\¶UHRIWHQXVHGLQHDU • Mentha piperita (Peppermint) QRVH WKURDWLQIHFWLRQVWRKHOSHOLPLQDWH • Zingiber off. (Ginger) PXFRXVDFFXPXODWLRQZLWKLQWKHVLQXVHVZKLOH SOD\LQJDUROHLQDEURDGHUEDVHGWUHDWPHQW REMHFWLYHV 36 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Actions $QWLLQÁDPPDWRU\ Sulphur • Allium cepa (Onion) $UHKHUEVWKDWZLOO help the body to control LQÁDPPDWLRQ • Allium sativa (Garlic) • Brassica spp. (Black/white mustard) Actions +RZHYHUWKHV\PSWRPDWLFDOOHYLDWLRQRILQÀDP PDWLRQHPSOR\HGE\SKDUPDFHXWLFDOVLVUDUHO\ Resin WKHVDPHPHFKDQLVPE\ZKLFKWKHVHUHPHGLHV • Boswellia serrata (Frankincense) DFW7KH\DUHSHUKDSVEHWWHUUHIHUUHGWRDV • Bryonia dioica/alba (White bryony) LQÁDPPDWRU\PRGXODWRUVµDVZHUHFRJQL]H • Capsicum frutescens (Cayenne) *XDLDFXPRI¿FLQDOLV /LJQXPYLWDH WKDWLQÀDPPDWLRQLVDQRUPDO SXUSRVHIXO • =LQJLEHURI¿FLQDOLV *LQJHU ERGLO\UHVSRQVHDLPHGDWUHVROYLQJWLVVXH • GLVHDVH Salicylates 7KHFDUGLQDOVLJQVRILQÀDPPDWLRQ VZHOOLQJ • Betula alba (Silver birch) KHDWUHGQHVVORVVRIIXQFWLRQ SDLQ DOOVHUYH • Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) • Gaultheria procumbens (Wintergreen) eliminative purposes & meaningful immune V\VWHPUHVSRQVHVPHDQWWREULQJDERXWQHFHV • Populus spp. (Poplar) VDU\FKDQJHVUHTXLUHGWRKHDO UHVWRUHKHDOWK • Salix spp (Willow) WRWKHDUHDDIIHFWHG'HSHQGLQJRQWKHFDVH • Viburnum spp. LQÀDPPDWRU\SURFHVVHVVKRXOGQRWEHVXS Saponins SUHVVHGXQOHVVDEVROXWHO\QHFHVVDU\ • Dioscorea villosa (Wild yam) 7KHVHKHUEVRIIHUXVWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIDFKLHY • Smilax off.. (Sarsaparilla) LQJDEDODQFHEHWZHHQWKHFRPSOH[FKHPLFDO • Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenu- PHGLDWRUVLQYROYHGDQGZRUNLQJZLWKWKHERG\ greek) • Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) UDWKHUWKDQDJDLQVWLW Demulcents, Emollients • Calendula off. (Marigold) and VulnerariesRIWHQDFWLQDQDQWLLQÀDPPD WRU\ZD\HVSHFLDOO\ZKHQDSSOLHGH[WHUQDOO\ Essential Fatty Acids • %RUDJRRI¿FLQDOLV %RUDJHVHHG • Oenothera biennis (Evening prim- +RZ$QWLLQÁDPPDWRULHV:RUN rose) +HUEVZLOOUDUHO\LQKLELWWKHQDWXUDOLQÀDPPD Volatile Oils tory process, and instead support & encourage • Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) WKHFKHPLFDOPHGLDWRUVLQYROYHG7KLVDLGVWKH • Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) ERG\ZLWKWKHFOHDQVLQJZRUNLW¶VDOUHDG\GRLQJ • Curcuma longa (Turmeric) WKHUHE\VSHHGLQJWKHKHDOLQJSURFHVV • 5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLV 5RVHPDU\ +HUEDODQWLLQÀDPPDWRULHVFDQEHEURDGO\ Flavonoids SODFHGLQJURXSVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHLUFRQVWLWX • Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry/Blue- HQWVZKLFKZLOOKDYHDYDULHW\RIDQWLLQÀDPPD berry) tory effects. • Crataegus oxycantha (Hawthorne) 7KHRYHUDOODFWLRQRIWKHVHSODQWVLVPXFKPRUH • Sambucus nigra (Elderberry) WKDQDQ\VSHFL¿FFKHPLFDOKRZHYHUWKHIROORZ Mucilage LQJVXPPDUL]HVVRPHPDMRUDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Althea off. (Marshmallow) FRQVWLWXHQWVIRXQGZLWKLQVRPHRIRXUPRVW • Symphytum off. (Comfrey) SRWHQWDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\KHUV • Verbascum thapsus (Mullein) Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 37 Herbal Actions Actions Anti-lithics • 0D\DOVRUHPRYHLQIHFWLRQE\GLUHFWRU LQGLUHFWVWLPXODWLRQRIWKHERG\¶VRZQ $UHKHUEVWKDWKHOS prevent the formation immune system (e.g. Phytolacca spp. & of stones in the urinary system & may aid UHPRYDORIWKRVHDOUHDG\IRUPHG Echinacea spp.) (DFKV\VWHPRIWKHERG\KDVSODQWVWKDWDUH How Anti-lithics Work SDUWLFXODUO\VXLWHGWRLWVRPHRIZKLFKDUHDQWL 7KHH[DFWPHFKDQLVPIRUPDQ\RIWKHVH PLFURELDO%\WKHQDWXUHRIWKHLQIHFWLRQDQG KHUEVLVXQFOHDUKRZHYHUPRVWVHHPWRZRUN WKHERG\¶VUHVSRQVHWRLWDJHQHUDOV\VWHPLF HLWKHUE\³GLVVROYLQJ´VWRQHVRUDFWLQJDV WUHDWPHQWLVDOZD\VDSSURSULDWHHYHQLIGRQHLQ diureticsWRKHOSWKHERG\UHPRYHVWRQHVE\ FRQMXQFWLRQZLWKVSHFL¿FORFDOUHPHGLHV SURPRWLQJXULQHÀRZWKXVÀXVKLQJNLGQH\ EODGGHUSDVVDJHV Herbal Examples: • Allium Sativum (Garlic) Herbal Examples: • Baptisia tinctoria (Wild Indigo) • Apium graveolens (Celery) • Commiphora molmol (Myrrh) • Betula alba (Silver birch) • Echinacea angustifolia (Echinacea) • Eupatorium purpureum (Gravel root) • Hydrastis canadensis (Goldenseal) • Hydrangea arborescens (Hydrangea) • Ligusticum porteri (Osha) • Lomatium dissectum (Lomatium) • Thymus vulgaris (Thyme) Antimicrobials $UHKHUEVWKDWKHOSWKHERG\WRdestroy or resist pathogenic microorganisms7KH\ Anti-pyretics FDQEHGLYLGHGLQWRWKRVHWKDWDUHVSHFL¿FDOO\ Primarily refers to drugs used to prevent or DQWLEDFWHULDODQWLYLUDODQWLIXQJDORUDQWL UHGXFHDIHYHU5HIHUWR)HEULIXJHVHFWLRQIRU SDUDVLWLFEXWPRVWZLOOKDYHDEURDGDFWLQJ KHUEDOH[DPSOHVWRVXSSRUWRUHQFRXUDJHIHYHU VSHFWUXPRIHIIHFWVDQGLQJHQHUDOZLOOKHOS WKRXJKWKHVHDFWLRQVDUHRFFDVLRQDOO\XVHG VXSSRUWWKHQDWXUDOLPPXQHSURFHVV synonymously. 6XSSRUWLQJWKHLPPXQHV\VWHPLVDYLWDOO\ LPSRUWDQWMREDVPXFKRYHU XQFRQVFLRXV XVHRIDQWLELRWLFVKDVGRPLQDWHGRXUSRSXOD Anti-rheumatics WLRQV¶WUHDWPHQWRILQIHFWLRQV:LWKRXWTXHVWLRQ $UHKHUEVWKDWFDQEHDSSOLHGWRSLFDOO\RU WKHUHDUHWLPHVZKHQDQWLELRWLFVDUHHVVHQWLDO taken internally to help reduce and/or resolve DQGOLIHVDYLQJKRZHYHUPXFKRIWKHWLPHWKH symptoms associated with rheumatic disor- ERG\FDQEHQH¿WIURPVXSSRUWLYH SUHYHQWD ders HJDUWKULWLV P\DOJLD E\UHGXFLQJSDLQ WLYHKHOSWKDWE\SDVVHVWKHQHHGIRUV\QWKHWLF PRGXODWLQJWKHLQÀDPPDWRU\SURFHVV DQGRUFKHPLFDOLQWHUYHQWLRQ+RZHYHULQDQ 7KH\DUHXVHGLQFRQGLWLRQVZKLFKDIIHFWWKH HPHUJHQF\ZHVKRXOGFRXQWRXUEOHVVLQJV PXVFOHVMRLQWVDQGERG\FRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHV WKDWDQWLELRWLFVH[LVW DQGKDYHDQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQWKHPDQDJHPHQW How Antimicrobials Work RIPDQ\FKURQLFLQÀDPPDWRU\RUGHJHQHUDWLYH • Most commonly volatile oils (e.g. musculoskeletal disorders. allicin) & alkaloids HJEHUEHULQH are How Antirheumatic Work UHVSRQVLEOHIRUDQWLPLFURELDOHIIHFWV $UHRIWHQDQWLLQÀDPPDWRULHV DOWHUDWLYHV RIWHQDFWLQJGLUHFWO\E\NLOOLQJWKHPLFUR DQGZLOOUHGXFHVLJQV V\PSWRPVRIYDULRXV organism. 38 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Actions LQÀDPPDWRU\GLVRUGHUVE\DOWHULQJWKHERG\¶V • 3DVVLÀRUDLQFDUQDWD 3DVVLRQÀRZHU SURFHVVHVRIPHWDEROLVPVRWKDWWLVVXHV VXFK • Viburnum opulus (Crampbark) DVPXVFOHV MRLQWV FDQHIIHFWLYHO\HOLPLQDWH • Zingiber off. (Ginger) ZDVWHSURGXFWVUHFHLYHDGHTXDWHQXWULWLRQDQG Actions PRGLI\YDULRXVLQÀDPPDWRU\ LPPXQHPHGLD tors of connective tissue dysfunction. Aperients 3ODQWFRQVWLWXHQWVZKLFKPD\EHLQYROYHGLQ $UHKHUEVWKDWstimulate appetite while WKHVHHIIHFWVLQFOXGHresin, iridoid glycosides providing a mild & gentle laxative effect HJKDUSDJRVLGH saponins, & salicylates. ZLWKRXWVWLPXODWLQJWKHERZHOVGLUHFWO\ Herbal Examples: How Aperients Work • Arnica montana (Arnica) $UHRIWHQJHQWOHELWWHUVRUKHSDWLFVWKDWZRUN • Capsicum spp. (Cayenne) E\VWLPXODWLQJWKHGLJHVWLYHSURFHVVSULPDULO\ • Curcuma longa (Turmeric) WKURXJKWKHOLYHUEXWDOVRWKURXJKRXWWKH • Dioscorea villosa (Wild Yam) ZKROHRIWKHGLJHVWLYHWUDFW • Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil’s Claw) Herbal Examples: • Juniperus communis (Juniper) • $OO%LWWHUV+HSDWLFV /D[DWLYHVLQ Antispasmodics ORZGRVHV Synonymous with Spasmolytics $UHKHUEVWKDWZLOOprevent or ease spasms Aromatics ERWK or cramping within the musculature $UHKHUEVWKDW have a strong & often pleas- VPRRWK VNHOHWDO ant odour due to their high volatile oil 0DQ\RIWKHVHKHUEVDUHDOVRNervines & Car- content. minativesDQGVRZLOOUHGXFHERWKSK\VLFDO 7KLVRLOEDVHGDURPDFDQERWKVWLPXODWH SV\FKRORJLFDOWHQVLRQDVQHHGHG0DQ\FDQEH UHOD[WKHERG\YLDWKHGLJHVWLYH HJ&DUPLQD XVHGERWKWRSLFDOO\DQGRULQWHUQDOO\GHSHQGLQJ WLYHV DQGRUQHUYRXVV\VWHPV 1HUYLQHV DQG RQWKHGHVLUHGHIIHFWV DUHWKHEDVLVIRUPXFKRIDURPDWKHUDS\ How Antispasmodics Work Herbal Examples: Most commonly volatile oils, salicylates & • Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon) alkaloids DUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUDQWLVSDVPRGLF • 0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV /HPRQ%DOP effects. • Mentha piperita (Peppermint) 7KHUHDUHJHQHUDODQWLVSDVPRGLFVWKDWZLOO • Pimpinella anisum (Aniseed) 5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLV 5RVHPDU\ UHGXFHPXVFOHVSDVPWKURXJKRXWWKHERG\ • DQGWKRVHWKDWZLOODFWRQVSHFL¿FRUJDQVRU V\VWHPV HJXWHUXV GLJHVWLYHWUDFW KRZHYHU Astringents KHUHLVPXFKRYHUODSKHUHDVPXVFOHWLVVXHLV JHQHUDOO\VLPLODUWKURXJKRXWPDQ\DUHDVRIWKH $UHKHUEVWKDWKDYHDbinding, tightening, ERG\ or drying effect upon mucous membranes, VNLQDQGRWKHUH[SRVHGWLVVXHV,I\RX¶YH Herbal Examples: HYHUKDGDFXSRIWHDRUJODVVRIZLQHWKHQ • Humulus lupulus (Hops) \RXKDYHSHUVRQDOO\H[SHULHQFHGDVWULQJHQF\ • Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) 7KHWLJKWHQLQJRIWKHWLVVXHRIWKHPRXWKLV • Mentha piperita (Peppermint) WKHDVWULQJHQWDFWLRQRIWKHSODQWDWZRUN Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 39 Herbal Actions Actions $VWULQJHQWVFDQH[HUWWKHLUHIIHFWVERWKWRSL allergy distorted digestion. FDOO\ LQWHUQDOO\DQGKDYHDUROHLQDZLGH 7KH\DUHHVSHFLDOO\XVHIXOLQFRQGLWLRQVZKLFK UDQJHRISUREOHPVLQPDQ\SDUWVRIWKHERG\ LQFOXGHV\PSWRPVRIGLJHVWLYHLQVXI¿FLHQF\ EXWDUHRIVSHFLDOLPSRUWDQFHLQZRXQGKHDO HJEHOFKLQJDFLGUHÀX[JDVEORDWLQJ LQJDQGFRQGLWLRQVRIWKHGLJHVWLYHV\VWHP VWUHVVRUV\PSDWKHWLFGRPLQDQFH How Astringents Work How Bitters Work 5HVXOWLQJDFWLRQVDUHGXHWRWKHSUHVHQFHRI 7KHVHKHUEVFRQWDLQa mix of constituents ZKLFKKDYHWKHIROORZLQJHIIHFWV tannins referred together as ‘The Bitter Principle’, • :LOOELQGRUSUHFLSLWDWHSURWHLQPRO ZKLFKLVRIWHQDYRODWLOHRLODONDORLGRUVRPH HFXOHVUHQGHULQJWKHPLQDFWLYHDJDLQVW FRPELQDWLRQWKHUHRI SURWHRO\WLFHQ]\PHV 7KH\DSSHDUWRZRUNE\WULJJHULQJDELWWHU • 5HGXFHWLVVXHVXUIDFHLUULWDWLRQ VOLJKW VHQVRU\WDVWHUHVSRQVHLQWKHPRXWKZKLFK ³QXPELQJ´HIIHFW LQÀDPPDWLRQ WUDYHOVYLDWKH9DJXVQHUYH &16WRWKHJXW JLYLQJULVHWRWKHGLJHVWLYHKRUPRQHJDVWULQ • ,PSURYHPXFRVDOLQWHJULW\DQGKHOS DZLGHUDQJHRISK\VLRORJLFDOHIIHFWVRIYDOXH IRUPDEDUULHUDJDLQVWLQIHFWLRXVDJHQWV WRZDUGVWKHGLJHVWLYHSURFHVV JHQHUDOERGLO\ HVSHFLDOO\LQGLDUUKHD KHDOWKVXFKDV • :LOOVSHHGZRXQGKHDOLQJLQFDVHVRI • Stimulation of appetite & peristalsis H[FHVVLYHEOHHGLQJEXUQV XOFHUV • $LGWKHOLYHULQGHWR[L¿FDWLRQ • 5HGXFHWLVVXHVZHOOLQJPXFRXV edema • *HQHUDOVWLPXODWLRQRIGLJHVWLYHMXLFHV VHFUHWLRQVIURPWKHVWRPDFK +&/ SDQ 1RWH /RQJWHUPLQWHUQDOXVHFDQEHGHWUL FUHDV GLJHVWLYHHQ]\PHV OLYHU ELOH PHQWDOWRKHDOWKDVWKHUHPD\EHDQHYHQWXDO LQKLELWLRQRISURSHUQXWULHQWDEVRUSWLRQDFURVV • (VWDEOLVKSDUDV\PSDWKHWLFGRPLQDQFHYLD WKHJXWZDOO HVSHFLDOO\LQUHJDUGVWRPLQHUDOV WKH9DJXVQHUYH FDOPLQJWRWKHQHUYRXV VXFKDVLQLURQGH¿FLHQF\ V\VWHPLH³5HVW 'LJHVW´IXQFWLRQV Herbal Examples: • 5HJXODWHSDQFUHDWLFKRUPRQHVHFUHWLRQV • Achillea millefolium leaf (Yarrow) DQGWKXVEORRGVXJDUOHYHOVYLDLQVXOLQ • Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepherd’s & glucagon Purse) • +HOSWKHJXWZDOOUHSDLUGDPDJHWKURXJK • Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) VWLPXODWLQJVHOIUHSDLUPHFKDQLVPV • Geranium maculatum (Cranesbill) • Hamamelis virginiana (Witch Hazel) Bitter Safety Concerns: • Quercus spp. (White/Red Oak) 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKVWURQJELWWHUVRUDYRLGXVH • Rubus idaeus (Red Raspberry) FRPSOHWHO\LQFDVHVVXFKDV • $FWLYHDFXWHLQÀDPPDWRU\ERZHOGLVHDVH • 'LDUUKHD Bitters • Pregnancy $UHKHUEVWKDW have a predominantly bitter • .LGQH\VWRQHV tasteDQGPDMRUUROHLQKROLVWLFKHUEDOWUHDW PHQW SUHYHQWDWLYHPHGLFLQHGXHWRWKHLU • $FXWHJDOOEODGGHUGLVHDVH ZLGHO\EHQH¿FLDOHIIHFWVRQGLJHVWLYHIXQF • *(5'RUKLDWDOKHUQLD WLRQV7KH\ZLOODLGLQDJUHDWUDQJHRIKHDOWK SUREOHPVWKDWKDYHWKHLUEDVLVLQLQHI¿FLHQWRU 40 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Actions Herbal Examples SRZHUIXOFDUGLRDFWLYHDJHQWVVXFKDVDigitalis • Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood) purpurea (Foxglove)ZKLOHRWKHUVDUHJHQWOHU • Berberis spp. (Barberry/Oregon Grape DQGPXFKVDIHUOLNH Crataegus oxycantha • Gentiana lutea (Gentian) (Hawthorne). Actions • Hydrastis canadensis (Goldenseal) How Cardiac Tonics Work • 7DUD[DFXPRI¿FLQDOLVOHDI URRW (Dandelion) 7KHVWURQJHUcardio-active agents contain cardiac glycosidesZKLFKDUHFRQVWLWXHQWV 6RPHLPSRUWDQWVHFRQGDU\DFWLRQVRIELWWHUV WKDWZLOOLQFUHDVHWKHHI¿FLHQF\RIWKHP\R LQFOXGH FDUGLXP KHDUWPXVFOH ZLWKRXWLQFUHDVLQJLWV • Nervines Humulus lupulus (Hops) & R[\JHQUHTXLUHPHQWV 1RWH UHPRYDOUDWHVRI Gentiana lutea (Gentian) FDUGLDFJO\FRVLGHVIURPWKHERG\WHQGWREH ORZDQGWKHLUDFFXPXODWLRQFDQSRWHQWLDOO\EH • $QWLPLFURELDOV Hydrastis canadensis (Goldenseal) & Berberis spp. (Barberry/ poisonous). Oregon Grape) 2WKHUFDUGLDFWRQLFVKDYHDQREVHUYDEOHEHQ H¿FLDODFWLRQRQKHDUWDQGEORRGYHVVHOVEXW • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ Achillea millefolium KRZWKH\ZRUNLVHLWKHUFRPSOHWHO\REVFXUHRU ÀRZHU Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 41 Herbal Actions Actions ZKROHRIWKHGLJHVWLYHWUDFW How Choleretics Work How Carminatives Work 7KRXJKWKHH[DFWPHFKDQLVPLVQRWNQRZQ HIIHFWVDUHSDUWLDOO\GXHWRFRQVWLWXHQWVKDYLQJD 7KHLUPHFKDQLVPRIDFWLRQLVFRQVLGHUHG ELWWHUWDVWH SK\VLRORJLFDOHIIHFWV%\VWLPXODW ODUJHO\DUHVXOWRIWKHLUvolatile oil content, LQJWKHSURGXFWLRQRIELOHWKHERG\LVEHWWHU ZKLFKFDQERWKVWLPXODWH UHOD[WKHVPRRWK DEOHWRUHOHDVHWR[LQVIURPWKH*,7DQGWKXV PXVFOHVRIWKHLQWHVWLQHVGHSHQGLQJRQWKH LPSURYHGHWR[L¿FDWLRQFDSDFLW\RIRWKHUERG\ ERG\¶VQHHG cells & tissues. Herbal Examples: Herbal Examples: 6HH&KRODJRJXHV • Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) • Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) Note:7KHGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQEHWZHHQ&KRODJRJXHV • 0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV /HPRQEDOP &KROHUHWLFVLVQRWYHU\LPSRUWDQWLQKROLVWLF • Mentha piperita (Peppermint) KHUEDOSUDFWLFHDVDOOFKRODJRJXHV FKROHUHW • Pimpinella anisum (Anise) LFVZLOODFWDV+HSDWLFV $OWHUDWLYHVWRVRPH • =LQJLEHURI¿FLQDOLV *LQJHU degree. Cholagogues Connective Tissue Tonics $UHKHUEVWKDWVSHFL¿FDOO\ stimulate the ÀRZ $UHKHUEVZKLFKstrengthen & nourish a vari- of bile from the liver/gallbladder, and are of ety of physical bodily structures WKDWFRQVLVW WHQEURDGO\FRQVLGHUHG+HSDWLFV7KH\ZLOODLG RIDFRQQHFWLYHIUDPHZRUNRI¿EHUVLQFOXGLQJ LQWKHGLJHVWLRQRIIRRG SDUWLFXODUO\IDFLOLWDWH VNLQPXVFOHVWHQGRQVOLJDPHQWVIDVFLDMRLQW WKHEUHDNGRZQ DVVLPLODWLRQRIGLHWDU\IDWV FDSVXOHVFDUWLODJHERQHDQGHYHQEORRG How Cholagogues Work O\PSKDWLFWLVVXHV 7KRXJKWKHH[DFWPHFKDQLVPLVQRWNQRZQ 7KH\KHOSWRUHEXLOG UHJHQHUDWHWKHVWUXFWXUH HIIHFWVDUHSDUWLDOO\GXHWRFRQVWLWXHQWVKDYLQJ IXQFWLRQ LQWHJULW\RIVXFKERG\WLVVXHVDQG DELWWHUWDVWH SK\VLRORJLFDOHIIHFWVDQGWKXV KDYHDUROHLQERWKFKURQLF DFXWHFRQQHFWLYH VWLPXODWLQJELOHVHFUHWLRQIURPWKHJDOOEODG WLVVXHGDPDJHQRPDWWHUWKHFDXVH GHUKHOSLQJWRHQVXUHRYHUDOOKHDOWK\OLYHU How Connective Tissue Tonics Work function. :LOORIWHQFRQWDLQFRQVWLWXHQWVVXFKDVal- Herbal Examples: lantoin KHOSV³NQLW´FRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHVEDFN • Chionanthus virginicus (Fringetree) WRJHWKHU mucilage, tannins, minerals DQG • Curcuma longa (Turmeric) or flavonoids ZKLFKZRUNWKURXJKDYDULHW\ • Hydrastis canadensis (Goldenseal) RIPHFKDQLVPVDVWLVVXHWURSKRUHVWRUDWLYHV WKURXJKDQWLR[LGDQW YXOQHUDU\HIIHFWV Choleretics Herbal Examples: • Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) $UHKHUEVWKDWVSHFL¿FDOO\increase the • Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) volume of bile produced by the liver, and • Plantago spp. (Plantain) DUHRIWHQEURDGO\FRQVLGHUHG+HSDWLFV7KH\ • 6\PSK\WXPRI¿FLQDOLV &RPIUH\ ZLOODLGLQWKHGLJHVWLRQRIIRRG SDUWLFXODUO\ • Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) IDFLOLWDWHWKHEUHDNGRZQ DVVLPLODWLRQRI dietary fats. 42 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Actions Demulcents Diaphoretics $UHKHUEVWKDWZLOOsoothe & protect irritated $UHKHUEVWKDW will produce or promote RULQÁDPHGLQWHUQDOWLVVXH, and are used sweating, and are often used to support a ZKHQHYHUDPHPEUDQHLVUDZKRWLUULWDWHG IHYHUJHQHUDOFLUFXODWLRQDQGRUHQFRXUDJH Actions LQÀDPHGRURYHUH[FLWHG7KH\DUHFRROLQJ WKHVNLQWRVNLQHOLPLQDWHZDVWH VRRWKLQJKHDOLQJ UHOD[LQJSDUWLFXODUO\ 6RPHZLOOSURGXFHDQDFWXDO REVHUYDEOH WRZDUGVWKHGLJHVWLYHUHVSLUDWRU\ XULQDU\ VZHDWZKLOHRWKHUVMXVWDLGVXEVHQVLEOH WUDFWV:KHQXVHGWRSLFDOO\WKH\DUHUHIHUUHGWR VZHDWLQJWKDWJRHVRQDOOWKHWLPH as emollientsDQGKDYHVSHFL¿FYXOQHUDU\ RU ZRXQGKHDOLQJHIIHFWV How Diaphoretics Work How Demulcents Work ,QSDUWGXHWRWKHLUYRODWLOHRLOFRQWHQWWKHVH KHUEVZLOOLQFUHDVHWKHJHQHUDOFLUFXODWLRQ 5LFKLQ ZKHQLQJHVWHGWKHVHKHUEV mucilage FDXVHYDVRGLODWLRQRIVXUIDFHFDSLOODULHVWKXV ZLOODFWXSRQLQWHUQDOPXFRVDOOLQLQJVWRVRRWKH SURPRWLQJWKHVWLPXODWLRQRIVZHDWJODQGV UHGXFHLUULWDWLRQWKURXJKGLUHFWWLVVXHFRQWDFW ZLWKLQWKHVNLQ 6RPHGHPXOFHQWVZLOOKDYHDVLPLODUO\VRRWKLQJ Herbal Examples: HIIHFWIDUIURPWKHLUVLWHRIDEVRUSWLRQ QRQ • Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) GLUHFWFRQWDFW DQGLWVWKHRUL]HGWKDWWKLVDFWLRQ • Capsicum frutescens (Cayenne) PD\EHGXHWRDFRPSOH[UHÀH[UHVSRQVH • Eupatorium perfoliatum (Boneset) LQLWLDWHGE\WKHJXWOLQLQJ7KHPHFKDQLVPSUR • Nepeta cataria (Catnip) SRVHGUHODWHVWRHDUO\HPEU\RQLFGHYHORSPHQ • =LQJLEHURI¿FLQDOLV *LQJHU tal associations of endodermal tissue layers. ,QJHQHUDODOOGHPXOFHQWVZLOOKDYHSURSHUWLHV RIUHGXFLQJLUULWDWLRQ VSDVPWKURXJKRXWWKH OHQJWKRIWKH • Digestive tract, reducing sensitivity of WKHGLJHVWLYHV\VWHPWRJDVWULFDFLGVVXFK DV+&/ HVRSKDJXVVWRPDFKLQWHVWLQHV Capsicum frutescens WKHRespiratory tract (nose, larynx & (Cayenne) lungs) • Althea off. (Marshmallow leaf or root) • Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) • Symphytum off. (Comfrey) • Ulmus fulva (Slippery Elm) • Urinary tract NLGQH\VXUHWHUV EODGGHU • Zea mays (Corn silk) Diuretics • Agropyron repens (Couch grass) $UHKHUEVWKDWFDQ increase the production & elimination of urine from the bodyKRZ HYHULQWUDGLWLRQDOKHUEDOPHGLFLQHPD\UHIHUWR 1RWH 7KHXVHRIGHPXOFHQWVRUPXFLODJHULFK DQ\KHUEWKDWKDVDEHQH¿FLDOHIIHFWXSRQWKH KHUEVLQWHUQDOO\PD\UHGXFHUDWHRIGUXJDE urinary system. VRUSWLRQE\IRUPLQJDVHPLSHUPHDEOHFRDWLQJ RYHUPXFXVPHPEUDQHVGHOD\LQJJDVWULFHPS 7KH\DUHXVHGWRRIWHQUHGXFHHGHPD W\LQJDQGE\ELQGLQJZLWKLQWHVWLQDOFRQWHQWV SURPRWHWKHHOLPLQDWLRQRIPHWDEROLFZDVWHV WKURXJKWKHXULQHLQPDQ\KHDUWOLYHURU Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 43 Herbal Actions Actions NLGQH\GLVRUGHUVEXWZLOOKDYHDUROHLQDQ\ WKURXJKWKHJXWOLQLQJ YLDWKH9DJXV WRWKLQ FRQGLWLRQWKDWPD\EHQH¿WIURPVXSSRUWLQJWKH ORRVHQPXFRXVVHFUHWLRQVWREHH[FUHWHGYLD ERG\¶VJHQHUDOSURFHVVRILQQHUFOHDQVLQJ WKHNLGQH\$VODUJHUDQGRUXQPHWDEROL]HG VXJDUVSDVVLQWRWKHXULQHWKLVFKDQJHLQ RVPRWLFSXOOFDXVHVPRUHZDWHUWREHORVWIURP How Diuretics Work WKHERG\+HUEDOH[DPSOHVLQFOXGH 6WULFWO\VSHDNLQJDGLXUHWLFZLOOLQFUHDVH • $OWKHDRI¿FLQDOLV 0DUVKPDOORZ WKHYROXPHRIXULQHSURGXFHGLQKHDOWK\RU • Agropyron repens (Couch Grass) XQKHDOWK\NLGQH\VE\SURPRWLQJWKHH[FUHWLRQ • Zea mays (Corn silk) RIVDOWVDQGZDWHU+RZHYHUWKHUHDUHVHYHUDO PHFKDQLVPVE\ZKLFKWKH\DUHH[HUWWKLV Cardiac/Circulatory stimulants ZRUNE\LQ HIIHFWZKLFKFDQEHVXPPDUL]HGDVIROORZV FUHDVLQJUHQDOEORRGÀRZ JORPHUXODU¿OWUDWLRQ IXUWKHUHOXFLGDWHGEHORZ rate due to an increase in cardiac output. Up 1. Stimulating: ,QFUHDVHNLGQH\EORRGÀRZ WRDFHUWDLQSRLQWDQ\H[FHVVJORPHUXODU¿OWUDWH FDQEHUHDEVRUEHGIURPWKHNLGQH\WXEXOHV 2. Osmotic:5HGXFHWKHZDWHUUHVRUSWLRQ EXWLILWLVWRRKLJKWKHQWKHXULQHYROXPHZLOO LQWKHQHSKURQVRIWKHNLGQH\ LQFUHDVH+HUEVH[DPSOHVLQFOXGH 3. Cardiac/Circulatory Stimulants • Convallaria majalis (Lily of the Valley) ,QFUHDVHFDUGLDFRXWSXW WKXVUHQDO • Crataegus spp. (Hawthorne) EORRGÀRZ • Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) 127( 7DUD[DFXPRI¿FLQDOLVIROLD 'DQGHOLRQ LVDQH[DPSOHRIDQKHUEZLWKDORQJ leaf) Emetics WUDGLWLRQDOXVHDVDGLXUHWLFZKRVHSUHFLVH PHFKDQLVPKDVQRWEHHQ\HWGHPRQVWUDWHG $UHKHUEVWKDWwill induce vomiting. Used to us. PXFKPRUHKLVWRULFDOO\WKHLUXVHLVUDUHO\LQGL FDWHGLQPHGLFLQHWRGD\7KHLUPDLQXVHLVLQ ZRUNE\LUULWDWLQJWKH Stimulating diuretics WKH¿UVWDLGWUHDWPHQWRISRLVRQLQJZKHUHWKH\ NLGQH\VLQDQDWWHPSWWR³ÀXVKDZD\´WKH ZLOOHPSW\WKHFRQWHQWVRIWKHVWRPDFK RIIHQGLQJVXEVWDQFH%HFDXVHWKHUHLVPRUH EORRGSDVVLQJWKURXJKWKHNLGQH\PRUHXULQH How Emetics Work LVWKHUHIRUHSURGXFHG&RQVWLWXHQWVWKDW 0RVWZRUNWKURXJKLUULWDWLRQRIWKHHLWKHUWKH LUULWDWHWKHUHVRUSWLRQPHFKDQLVPLQWKLVZD\ VWRPDFKRUWKHQHUYRXVV\VWHPGXHWRWKHLU are often volatile oils, saponins or alkaloids alkaloid or saponin content. Some expectorants HJFDIIHLQH +HUEDOH[DPSOHVLQFOXGH DUHHPHWLFVLQKLJKGRVHVDQGWKHUHLVVRPH • Apium graveolens (Celery) UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKHPHFKDQLVPVE\ZKLFK • Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Bearberry) WKH\ZRUN • Betula alba (Silver birch) • Coffea arabica (Coffee) Herbal Examples: • Camellia sinensis (Tea) • Cephaelis ipecacuahana (Ipecac) • Juniperus communis (Juniper) • /REHOLDLQÀDWD /REHOLD • Petroselinum crispum (Parsley) Emmenagogues Osmotic diureticsZRUNYLDPDQ\GLIIHU HQWPHDQVEXWRIWHQFDXVHGLXUHVLVGXHWR 6WULFWO\VSHDNLQJWKHVHDUHKHUEVWKDWZLOO VWLPXODWHPHQVWUXDOÁRZKRZHYHULWV FRQVWLWXHQWVVXFKDVmucilage & polysac- SHUKDSVEHWWHUXVHGWRGHQRWHWKRVHWKDWFDQ charidesZKLFKFDXVHDQHUYHUHÀH[UHDFWLRQ 44 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Actions normalize & regulate menstrual irregulari- 0XFRXVDQGDQ\LQKDOHGSDUWLFOHVDUHQRUPDO ties. 7KHUHLVPXFKRYHUODSEHWZHHQWKHPDQG O\YRLGHGIURPWKHOXQJVYLDWKHPXFRFLOLDU\ WKH8WHULQHWRQLFV 2[\WRFLFVDQGWKHLUXVH HVFDODWRUDQGH[SHFWRUDQWVZLOOHQFRXUDJH VKRXOGEHDYRLGHGGXULQJSUHJQDQF\ WKLVVHOIFOHDQVLQJPHFKDQLVPZKHQPXFRXV Actions LVSUHVHQWH[FHVVLYHDPRXQWVRUWKHOXQJ How Emmenagogues Work WLVVXHLVJHQHUDOO\LUULWDWHG LQÀDPHG /LWWOHLVNQRZQDERXWWKHLUPHFKDQLVPRIDFWLRQ KRZHYHUPDQ\ZLOOFRQWDLQYRODWLOHRLOVDOND How Expectorants Work ORLGV SK\WRHVWURJHQVZKLFKZLOOKDYHHLWKHU ([SHFWRUDQWVDFWWKURXJKDYDULHW\RI VWLPXODWLQJRUUHOD[LQJHIIHFWVXSRQWKHXWHUXV PHFKDQLVPVDQGPDQ\PD\EHFRQVLGHUHG $PSKRWHULFV FDQDFWSDUDGR[LFDOO\GHSHQGLQJ Herbal Examples: RQWKHERG\¶VQHHG • Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) • $FKLOOHDPLOOHIROLXPÀRZHU Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 45 Herbal Actions Actions 3) Respiratory Tonics or Amphoterics may FRQVWLWXHQWVFRQVLGHUHGSULPDULO\UHVSRQVLEOH EHVWLPXODWLQJRUVRRWKLQJGHSHQGLQJRQWKH for effects are often salicylates & volatile oils. ERG\¶VQHHGDQGZLOORIWHQDLGLQWKHUHJHQ Herbal Examples: HUDWLRQRIGDPDJHGRULQÀDPHGOXQJWLVVXH • Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) • Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) • Mentha piperita (Peppermint) • Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) • Salix alba (Willow) • Hydrastis canadensis (Goldenseal) • 6DPEXFXVQLJUD (OGHUÀRZHU • Plantago lanceolata/major (Plantain) Galactagogues Febrifuge $UHKHUEVWKDWZLOOLQFUHDVHWKHÁRZRI $UHKHUEVWKDWFDQ control or reduce fever, breast-milkLQDODFWDWLQJZRPDQ DQGDUHVRPHWLPHVXVHGV\QRQ\PRXVO\ZLWK WKHWHUP$QWLS\UHWLF How Galactagogues Work )HYHUFRQWUROZLWKKHUEDOUHPHGLHVLVTXLWH $QRWXQXVXDOVLWXDWLRQLQKHUEDOPHGLFLQHWKH HIIHFWLYHKRZHYHUWKHIRFXVVKRXOGEHRQDLG H[DFWPHFKDQLVPRIWKHLUDFWLRQLVXQFOHDU LQJWKHERG\¶VQDWXUDOUHFXSHUDWLYHSURFHVVHV 7KH\GRQRWDSSHDUWRIRUFHKRUPRQDOSUHVVXUH UDWKHUWKDQMXVWGURSSLQJWKHWHPSHUDWXUH7KH RQWKHERG\DQGPD\UHVXOWIURPWKHLUIDWW\DFLG NH\LVWRKHOSWKHERG\WKURXJKWKHIHYHUDQG & volatile oil content. DWWKHVDPHWLPHUHGXFHH[FHVVLYHVXIIHU Herbal Examples: LQJIURPV\PSWRPV2WKHUKHUEDODFWLRQVWR • Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) FRQVLGHUWRKHOSLQJFRQWUROWKHSURFHVVRID • Galega off. (Goat’s Rue) IHYHULQFOXGH'LDSKRUHWLFV$QWLPLFURELDOV • Humulus lupulus (Hops) 'LXUHWLFV$OWHUDWLYHVDQG1HUYLQHV • Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) How Febrifuges Work • Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenu- greek) 7KRXJKH[DFWPHFKDQLVPVDUHXQFOHDUWKH • Vitex agnus-castus (Chasteberry) Hemostatics Synonymous with Styptics $UHKHUEVZKLFKZLOOKHOS staunch or allay excessive bleeding. Many are used in cases VXFKDVSRVWSDUWXPKHPRUUKDJHPHQRU UKDJLDSHUIRUDWHGXOFHUVDQGRUWRSLFDOO\WR SUHYHQWEORRGORVVDQGSURPRWHWLVVXHKHDOLQJ How Hemostatics Work $UHSULPDULO\ULFKLQtannins,DQGWKXVKDYH DGU\LQJWLJKWHQLQJ DVWULQJHQWHIIHFWZKLFK KHOSVWRSUHYHQWEORRGORVHV6RPHKDYH VSHFL¿FLW\WRFHUWDLQRUJDQV\VWHPVVXFKDVWKH uterus and digestive tracts. Herbal Examples • Achillea millefolium leaf (Yarrow) • Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepard’s Filipendula ulmaris PHDGRZVZHHW Purse) • Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) 46 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Actions Hepatics 6RPHRIWKHPRVWHIIHFWLYHK\SQRWLFVDUHLO OHJDOWRWKHYHU\GHJUHHRIWKHLUHIIHFWLYHQHVV $UHKHUEVWKDWLQDZLGHUDQJHRIZD\Vaid the LQFOXGLQJWKHZKROHUDQJHRIRSLXPSRSS\ work of the liver. 7KH\ZLOOWRQH VWUHQJWKHQ GHULYDWLYHV7KHVHKHUEVVKRXOGDOZD\VEH Actions OLYHUIXQFWLRQDQGLQVRPHFDVHVLQFUHDVHWKH XVHGZLWKLQWKHFRQWH[WRIDQRYHUDOODSSURDFK ÀRZRIELOH WRVOHHSSUREOHPVLQYROYLQJUHOD[DWLRQWHFK ,QDEURDGKROLVWLFDSSURDFKWRKHDOWKWKH\DUH niques, food, and lifestyle in general. RIJUHDWLPSRUWDQFHEHFDXVHRIWKHIXQGDPHQ WDOUROHRIWKHOLYHULQWKHZRUNLQJVRIWKHERG\ Hypnotic Herbal Examples DQGWKH³WR[LQVKHDY\´ZRUOGLQZKLFKZHOLYH • Eschscholzia californica (California Poppy) ZKLFKWKHOLYHUQHXWUDOL]HVIRUXVGDLO\Hepa- • Lactuca virosa (Wild lettuce) toprotectives & Hepatotrophorestoratives 3DVVLÀRUDLQFDUQDWD 3DVVLRQÀRZHU DUHKHUEVWKDWFDQSURWHFWWKHOLYHUIURPIXUWKHU • GDPDJHDQGDFWXDOO\UHJHQHUDWHKHDOWK\ • Valeriana off. (Valerian) KHSDWRF\WHVZKHQXQGHUH[FHVVLYHGHPDQGV from toxic stress. Immunomodulators How Hepatics Work Synonymous with Deep Immune Tonics %LWWHUV&KRODJRJXHV &KROHUHWLFVDOODFWDV $UHKHUEVWKDWZLOOKDYHDEHQHÀFLDOHIIHFW +HSDWLFVDQGWKHLUDFWLRQVVKRXOGEHEULHÀ\ on immune system responsiveness, UHYLHZHG+RZHYHUDZLGHUDQJHRIUHPHGLHV IDFLOLWDWHJUHDWHUÀH[LELOLW\LQWKHERG\¶VQDWXUDO ZLWKRXWVXFKDFWLRQVDOVRDFWEHQH¿FLDOO\ response to infection & disease, and play a WRZDUGVWKHOLYHULQP\ULDGRIZD\VRIWHQGXH FHQWUDOUROHLQVXSSRUWLQJWKRVHFHOOVLQYROYHG WRWKHLUULFKÀDYRQRLGFRQWHQW in our immunological defenses. Hepatics Herbal Examples: 7KH\DUHXVHGLQFKURQLFRUUHFXUUHQWGLVHDVH • Curcuma longa (Turmeric) ZKHUHWKHLPPXQHV\VWHPQHHGVIHHGLQJ • Cynara scolymus (Artichoke) VWUHQJWKHQLQJDQGDUHXVXDOO\FRPELQHG • Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) ZLWKRWKHUERG\V\VWHPWRQLFKHUEVZKHUHD • Silybum marianum (Milk thistle) ZHDNQHVVKDVEHHQLGHQWL¿HGHVSHFLDOO\LQ 7DUD[DFXPRI¿FLQDOLV 'DQGHOLRQURRW • WKHWUHDWPHQWRIPDOLJQDQFLHV How Immunomodulators Work Hypnotics 7KHSKDUPDFRORJ\RIWKHVHKHUEVWHQGVWR $UHKHUEVWKDWZLOOKHOSWRinduce a deep & point to saponins & polysaccharides (e.g. healing sleep7KH\DUHRIWHQXVHGV\QRQ\ EHWDGJOXFDQV DVNH\FRQWULEXWRUVWRZDUGV PRXVO\ZLWK6HGDWLYHVDQGPDQ\DUH1HUYLQH IXQFWLRQVVXFKDV 5HOD[DQWVZKHQXVHGDWKLJKGRVHV • 6WLPXODWH7VXSSUHVVRUFHOOV WKHUHE\ How Hypnotics Work reduce immune resistance) 7KHPRGHRIDFWLRQIRUWKHVHKHUEVYDU\ • 6WLPXODWHPDFURSKDJHV QDWXUDONLOOHU IURPPLOGPXVFOHUHOD[LQJSURSHUWLHVWKURXJK cells volatile oils WKDWHDVHSV\FKRORJLFDOWHQVLRQ • 6WLPXODWHWKHSURGXFWLRQRI:%&V WRUHPHGLHVWKDWFRQWDLQVWURQJalkaloidsWKDW DQWLERGLHV ZRUNGLUHFWO\RQWKHQHUYRXVV\VWHPWRLQGXFH sleep. • +RUPRQDOPRGXODWLRQRIWKHDGUHQDO JODQGV HJDGDSWRJHQLF ZKLFKLVIRXQ GDWLRQDOWRKHDOWK\LPPXQHVWDWXV Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 47 Herbal Actions Actions Hormone Balancers UHYLHZRQQH[WSDJH $UHKHUEVZKLFKRIWHQFDQmodulate endogenous sex hormones VXFKDVHVWURJHQSURJHVWHU RQHWHVWRVWHURQH/+)6+DQGFRUWLVRO7KH\KDYHWKHSRWHQWLDOWRHIIHFWFLUFXODWLQJKRUPRQDO OHYHOVDQGWKHLUDFWLYLW\ZLWKLQWKHERG\ How Hormone Balancers Work 3ODQWFRQVWLWXHQWVSULPDULO\UHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKLVDFWLRQLQFOXGH SK\WRHVWURJHQVVXFKDVLVRÁD- vones, coumestans, lignans, triterpenoid/steroidal saponins & resorcyclic acid lactones. 7KHVHSODQWPROHFXOHVKDYHVWUXFWXUDOVLPLODULW\WRRXUHQGRJHQRXVKRUPRQHVDQGFDQELQGZLWK UHFHSWRUVLWHVOHQGLQJZHDNRUSDUWLDODJRQLVWLFHIIHFWV,QJHQHUDOWKHVHKHUEVPRGXODWHRXU KRUPRQHOHYHOVDQGFDQFRPSHWLWLYHO\ELQGZLWK LH¿OORUEORFNWKHUHFHSWRUVLWH IRUHQGRJ HQRXVKRUPRQHVDQGSUHYHQWWKHPIURPZRUNLQJWKHUH7KH\FDQDOVRKDYHPRGXODWLQJHIIHFWV XSRQWKH+\SRWKDODPLF3LWXLWDU\$[LVDQGLWVFRPPXQLFWDWLRQZLWKWKHDGUHQDOVWK\URLGRYDULHV & testes. +RUPRQHEDODQFHUVKDYHPDQ\XVHVEXWDUHPRVWRIWHQLQFOXGHGLQFDVHVRIHQGRFULQHLPEDO DQFHVXFKDVPHQRSDXVHSUHPHQVWUXDOV\QGURPH3&26¿EURLGVSURVWDWHGLVRUGHUVDQG sexual dysfunction. Herbal Examples • Chamaelirium luteum (False unicorn root) • Actaea racemosa (Black Cohosh) 9,=1,$. • Dioscorea villosa (Wild yam) 5+UHOHDVLQJKRUPRQH • Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste tree berry) RH • Serenoa repens (Saw palmetto) FSH ADH Sperm LH Testosterone ACTH Oxytocin TSH Ovum (egg), Estro- PRL Water gen, Progeterone Retension GH Cortical Hormones Contractions Thyroxine, T3 & T4 Lactation Tissue Growth 48 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Hormone Review Source & Name Function )ROOLFOHVWLPXODWLQJKRUPRQH )6+ Sperm & egg development /XWHLQL]LQJKRUPRQH /+ Estrogen, progesterone & testosterone secretion Actions $GUHQRFRUWLFRWURSLQ $&7+ Release of corticoids from adrenal gland 7K\URLGVWLPXODWLQJKRUPRQH 76+ Ĺ7 7VHFUHWLRQ Prolactin (PL) Lactation Anterior Pituitary *URZWKKRUPRQH *+ ĹSURWHLQV\QWKHVLVOLSRO\VLVĹEORRGJOXFRVH $QWLGLXUHWLFKRUPRQH $'+ ĹZDWHUUHDEVRUSWLRQLQNLGQH\ (vasopressin) Post. pit. Oxytocin (OXY) ĹXWHULQHFRQWUDFWLRQVGXULQJODERU $OGRVWHURQH PLQHUDOFRUWLFRLG ĹEORRG1D ZDWHU Ĺ%3 ĻEORRG. Cortisol (glucocorticoid) 6WUHVVJOXFRQHRJHQVLVOLSRO\VLVĻLQÀDPPDWLRQ $QGURJHQV 0DOHVHFRQGDU\VH[XDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFV Adrenal (SLQHSKULQH QRUHSLQHSKULQH 6\PSDWKHWLFUHVSRQVH ¿JKWRUÀLJKW 0DOHVHFRQGDU\VH[XDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVUHJXODWH Testosterone Testis spermatogensis Estrogen & Progesterone )HPDOHVHFRQGDU\VH[XDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFV regulate menstrual cycle & oogensis Ovary Relaxin ĹOLJDPHQWOD[LW\SULRUWRELUWK SXELFV\PSK\VLV 7K\UR[LQH 7 7ULLRGRWK\URQLQH 7 ĹEDVDOPHWDEROLFUDWHĹSURWHLQV\QWKHVLVĹ$73 4 3) JHQHUDWLRQĹOLSRO\VLVDFFHOHUDWHJURZWK Thyroid Calcitonin ĻEORRGFDOFLXP LQKLELWVRVWHRFODVWDFWLYLW\ ĹEORRG&D levels (increases osteoclast activity 3DUDWKRUPRQH 37+ Para- & Ca UHDEVRUSWLRQLQNLGQH\V *,WUDFW thyroid ,QVXOLQ DOSKDFHOOV ĻEORRGJOXFRVH ĹFHOOXSWDNHJO\FRJHQVLV Ĺ OLSRJHQVLV SURWHLQV\QWKHVLV *OXFDJRQ EHWDFHOOV ĹEORRGJOXFRVH JO\FRJHQRO\VLVJOXFRQHRJHQVLV Pancrease (U\WKURSRLHWLQ (32 ĹUHGEORRGFHOOIRUPDWLRQ Calcitriol* (vitamin D) ĹDEVRUSWLRQRI&D SKRVSKRUXV Kidney Renin 5HQLQDQJLRWHQVLQDOGRVWHURQHSDWKZD\ Ĺ%3 Gastrin ĹJDVWULFMXLFHVHFUHWLRQĹVWRPDFKPRWLOLW\ Stomach &KROHF\VWRNLQLQ &&. ĹSDQFUHDWLFMXLFHVHFUHWLRQJDOOEODGGHU contraction, causes satiety Secretin ĹSDQFUHDWLFMXLFH ELOHVHFUHWLRQĻVWRPDFK Duodenum emptying *V\QWKHVLVVWDUWVLQVNLQZLWKVXQOLJKWFRQWLQXHVWROLYHU DFWLYHIRUPPDGHLQNLGQH\ Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 49 Herbal Actions Actions Herbal Examples • Baptisia tinctoria (Wild Indigo) • Astragalus membranaceous (Astragalus) • Echinacea spp. (Echinacea) • Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) • Phytolacca spp. (Pokeroot) • Lentinus edodes (Shitake mushroom) • Thuja occidentalis (Thuja) • Schisandra chinensis (Schisandra) • Usnea spp. (Old Man’s Beard) Immune Stimulants 6\QRQ\PRXVZLWK6XUIDFH6XSHU¿FLDO,PPXQH Laxatives Tonics $UHKHUEVWKDWLQVRPHZD\stimulate the digestive system to promote bowel move- $UHKHUEVWKDWFDQact directly against a ments. bacteria or virus, while also leading to QRQVSHFLÀFVWLPXODWLRQRILQQDWHLPPXQR- 7KLVDFWLRQFDQEHUHIHUUHGWRE\DQXPEHU logical defenses. RIQDPHVGHSHQGLQJRQVWUHQJWK GRVLQJ,Q LQFUHDVLQJRUGHURIHIIHFWWKH\DUH $SHULHQWV 7KH\JHQHUDOO\GRQRWDIIHFWRXULPPXQH /D[DWLYHV ERWK6WLPXODWLQJ %XONLQJ PHPRU\FHOOV KXPRUDOLPPXQLW\ DQGPDQ\ &DWKDUWLFV3XUJDWLYHV DUHSHUKDSVEHWWHUNQRZQDV$QWLPLFURELDOV RU³LPPXQHERRVWHUV´,W¶VEHVWWRXVHFDXWLRQ How Laxatives Work ZKHQSUHVFULELQJWKHVHKHUEVORQJWHUPLIZH 7KHUHDUHVHYHUDOPHFKDQLVPVRIDFWLRQIRU DUHWRSUDFWLFHKHUEDOPHGLFLQHKROLVWLFDOO\ OD[DWLYHVEDVHGRQWKHLUFRQVWLWXHQWV HIIHFWV How Immune Stimulants Work ZKLFKDUHFDWHJRUL]HGDVIROORZV $FWLYHSKDUPDFRORJLFDOFRPSRXQGVDUHFRP 1) Aperients SOH[KRZHYHU volatile oils, phenolic acids & $UHPLOG JHQWOHOD[DWLYHVWKDWSULPDULO\ lectinsDUHRIWHQUHVSRQVLEOHIRUHIIHFWV VWLPXODWHWKHDSSHWLWHDQGDUHRIWHQDOVR%LWWHUV Herbal Examples: & Hepatics (FKRODJRJXHV FKROHUHWLFV :LWKRXWVWLPXODWLQJWKHERZHOVGLUHFWO\QDWXUDO ERZHOPRYHPHQWV IXQFWLRQDUHSURPRWHGby activating peristalsis through bile secretion from the liver & gallbladder,FUHDWLQJDUHÀH[ DFWLYDWLRQRIWKHERZHOV+HUEDOH[DPSOHV LQFOXGH • Angelica archangelica (Angelica) • Juniperus communis (Juniper) • Taraxacum off. leaf & root (Dandelion) 2) Stimulating Laxatives $UHKHUEVWKDWFRQWDLQSODQWFRQVWLWXHQWanthra- quinonesZKLFKDFWORFDOO\ZLWKLQWKHLQWHVWLQDO ZDOOWRLUULWDWHVWLPXODWHJUHDWHUFRQWUDFWLRQVRI WKHPXVFXODWXUHRIWKHODUJHLQWHVWLQH 7KHVHKHUEVPD\FDXVHXQFRPIRUWDEOHDQG JULSSLQJSDLQLQWKHDEGRPHQVKRXOGQRWEH Echinacea sp. XVHGORQJWHUPDQGPD\KDYHDFRQVLGHUDEOH QXPEHURIVDIHW\FRQFHUQV FRQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV 50 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Actions +HUEDOH[DPSOHVLQFOXGH ERG\¿JKWLQIHFWLRQLPSURYHLPPXQHV\VWHP • Aloe barbadensis (Aloe latex) VXUYHLOODQFHDQGUHOLHYHLQÀDPPDWLRQ HJ • Cassia angustifolia (Senna) VZROOHQJODQGVDQGHGHPD ZKLOHVXSSRUWLQJ • Rhamnus purshiana (Cascara) WKHKHDOWKRIWKHERG\DVDZKROH0DQ\FDQ Actions • Rheum spp. (Rhubarb) EHXVHGERWKWRSLFDOO\ LQWHUQDOO\ • Rumex crispus (Yellow dock) How Lymphatics Work 3) Bulking Laxatives &RQVWLWXHQWVFRQVLGHUHGWREHLPSOLFDWHG Synonymous with Osmotic laxatives or “stool include coumarins & lectins,ZKLFKPD\ softeners” • 6WLPXODWHWKHSURGXFWLRQRI% 7O\P $UHKHUEVZKLFKFRQWDLQVLJQL¿FDQWDPRXQWVRI SKRF\WHVZLWKLQO\PSKDWLFJODQGV DQGFDQGUDZZDWHULQWRWKHPVHOYHV mucilage • Increase capillary perfusion & support DQGKROGLWLQWKHFRORQ7KLVVHUYHVWRVRIWHQ tissue drainage. JLYHPRUHEXONWRVWRROVZKLFKDOVRDLGVWKH QDWXUDOERGLO\UHÀH[VLJQDOOLQJIRUHYDFXDWLRQRI • 'HFUHDVHWLVVXHHGHPD LQÀDPPDWLRQ WKHERZHOV+HUEDOH[DPSOHVLQFOXGH • ,PSURYHHOLPLQDWLRQRIPHWDEROLFZDVWH • Aloe barbadensis (Aloe gel) due to secondary diuretic & circulatory • Althea off. root (Marshmallow) stimulant effects. • Linum usitatissimum (Flax) • Plantago psyllium (Psyllium seed) Herbal Examples • &DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV 0DULJROG 4) Cathartics & Purgatives • Galium aparine (Cleavers) $UHKHUEVZLWKWKHSRWHQWLDOWRFDXVHTXLWH • Ceanothus americanum (Red Root) YLROHQW LPPHGLDWHHYDFXDWLRQRIWKHERZHOV • Phytolacca spp. (Pokeroot) GXHWRFRQVWLWXHQWVZKLFKWKHERG\YLHZVDV • Trifolium pratense (Red Clover) toxic and so attempts to eliminate. • Zanthoxylum spp. (Prickly Ash) 7KRXJKDIUHTXHQWSUDFWLFHLQKXPRUDOPHGL FLQHWKLVDFWLRQLVDOPRVWQHYHUXVHGE\WKH Narcotics KHUEDOSUDFWLWLRQHUWRGD\KRZHYHUPDQ\RIWKH $UHKHUEVWKDWFDQaffect mood or behaviour VWLPXODWLQJOD[DWLYHVPD\DFWDVFDWKDUWLFVLQ and are often restricted or illegal to use due KLJKHUGRVHV+HUEDOH[DPSOHVLQFOXGH WRSRWHQWLDOSV\FKRDFWLYHDQGRUSRWHQWLDODG • Aloe barbadensis (Aloe latex) GLFWLYHHIIHFWV7KH\DUHDOVRRIWHQ6HGDWLYHV • Cassia angustifolia (Senna) DQGRU6WLPXODQWV $QDOJHVLFVDQGVKRXOG • Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) EHXVHGZLWKJUHDWFDXWLRQLIDWDOO • Phytolacca spp. (Pokeroot) • Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple) How Narcotics Work 7KURXJKDYDULHW\RIFRQVWLWXHQWV HIIHFWV KRZHYHUalkaloids HJPRUSKLQH FRGHLQH Lymphatics DUHRIWHQSULPDULO\UHVSRQVLEOH $UHKHUEVZKLFKKDYHWKHDELOLW\WRmove Herbal Examples O\PSK LQFUHDVHO\PSKDWLFÁRZ to remove • Atropa belladonna (Deadly Nighshade) ZDVWHSURGXFWVIURPERG\WLVVXHVVRWKDWIUHVK • Cannabis spp. (Marijuana) O\PSK ULFKLQR[\JHQDQGQXWULHQWVQHHGHGIRU • Gelsemium sempervirens (Yellow tissue repair) can replace it. Jasmine) 7KHVHKHUEVSOD\DYLWDOUROHLQKHOSLQJWKH • Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco) • Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy) Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 51 Herbal Actions Actions Nervines 3) Nervine Stimulants cause a direct stimula $UHKHUEVWKDWKDYHDEHQHÀFLDOHIIHFWXSRQ tion of nervous system function in cases of PHQWDOIDWLJXHRIWHQGXHWKHLUvolatile oil or the nervous system in some way, and are DONDORLG HJFDIÀHQH GLIIHUHQWLDWHGE\WKHLUHIIHFWVLQWRUHOD[DQWV content. stimulants, and tonics. In most cases it is more appropriate to stimu ODWHWKHERG\¶VLQQDWHYLWDOLW\ZLWKWKHKHOSRI 7KH\FDQDGGUHVVDYDULHW\RIQHUYRXVV\VWHP $GDSWRJHQV 1HUYLQH7RQLFVZKLFKKDYHD disorders including stress, anxiety, depres PXFKGHHSHU ORQJHUODVWLQJHIIHFW$SUREOHP VLRQLQVRPQLDSRRUPHPRU\FRQFHQWUDWLRQ ZLWKVRPHVWLPXODQWVLVWKDWWKH\FDQWKHP and neuralgias. VHOYHVEHLQYROYHGLQFDXVLQJPDQ\SUREOHPV How Nervines Work VXFKDVDQ[LHW\ QHUYRXVWHQVLRQHVSHFLDOO\ 7KHUHDUHVHYHUDOPHFKDQLVPVRIDFWLRQIRU ZKHQRYHUXVHG QHUYLQHVEDVHGRQWKHLUFRQVWLWXHQWV HIIHFWV Herbal examples ZKLFKDUHFDWHJRUL]HGDVIROORZV • Camellia sinensis (Green/Black Tea) 1) Nervine TonicsDUHSHUKDSVWKHPRVW • Coffea arabica (Coffee) LPSRUWDQWFRQWULEXWLRQKHUEDOPHGLFLQHFDQ • Ephedra sinica (Ma Huang) PDNHLQWKHDUHDRIVWUHVV DQ[LHW\DVWKH\ • Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba mate) ZLOOVWUHQJWKHQ ³IHHG´WKHQHUYRXVV\VWHPLQ • Pausinystalia johimbe (Yohimbe) FDVHVRIQHUYRXVGHELOLW\ H[KDXVWLRQ$GDS 1RWH &HUHEUDO&LUFXODWRU\6WLPXODQWVZKLFK WRJHQVPD\DOVREHFRQVLGHUHGLQWKLVJURXS FDQLPSURYHEORRGÀRZWRWKHEUDLQFDQDOVR GXHWRWKHLUDELOLW\WRDLGWKHZKROHRIWKHERG\ DLGLQFRJQLWLYHSURFHVVHVVXFKDVPHPRU\ DQGPLQGWRFRSHZLWKGHPDQGVPDGHXSRQLW concentration (e.g. Rosmarinus off.) +HUEDOH[DPSOHVLQFOXGH • Avena sativa (Oat tops) • Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) • Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) • Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) • 9HUEHQDRI¿FLQDOLV %OXHYHUYDLQ • Vinca major/minor (Periwinkle) 2) Nervine RelaxantsZLOOEHQH¿WERWK SK\VLFDO SV\FKRORJLFDOWHQVLRQZLWKLQWKH ERG\DQGDUHRIJUHDWKHOSLQUHVWOHVVQHVV DQ[LHW\0DQ\DUHULFKLQvolatile oils, and in KLJKGRVHVPDQ\DFWDV6HGDWLYHVRU+\SQRW LFV+HUEDOH[DPSOHVLQFOXGH • /DYDQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV /DYHQGHU • Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) • Melissa off. (Lemon Balm) • 3DVVLÀRUDLQFDUQDWD 3DVVLRQÀRZHU • Piper methysticum (Kava Kava) • 5DXZRO¿DVHUSHQWLQD 6QDNHURRW Hypericum perforatum 6FXWHOODULDODWHULÀRUD 6NXOOFDS • 6W-RKQ¶VZRUW • Viburnum opulus (Cramp Bark) 52 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Autonomic Nervous System Eye (pupil) Parasympathetic (rest & digest) 6\PSDWKHWLF ÀJKWRUÁLJKW CN III, VII, IX, X 6\PSDWKHWLFFKDLQ 6 7/ Actions Lacrimal Respiratory passage Salivary glands Heart Lungs Stomach Liver Pancreas Large & small intestine Adrenal gland & Kidney Actions: Actions: ĻVNHOHWDOPXVFOHEORRGÀRZ Bladder ĹVNHOHWDOPXVFOHEORRGÀRZ ĻKHDUW UHVSLUDWLRQUDWH ĹKHDUW UHVSLUDWLRQUDWH ĹGLJHVWLRQ FRQVWULFWVSXSLOV Reproductive organs ĻGLJHVWLRQ GLODWHSXSLOV Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 53 Herbal Actions Actions Nutritives (Nutritionals) • Urtica diocia leaf (Nettle) • Trifolium pratense (Red Clover) $UHKHUEVZKLFKprovide nutritional value to the body, DQGFDQEHFRQVLGHUHGµPHGLFLQDO IRRGV¶OHQGLQJQXWULHQWVHVVHQWLDOWRERGLO\ Oxytocics KHDOWK $UHKHUEVWKDWZLOOstimulate the uterus to 7KH\FDQEHFRQVXPHGLQODUJHDPRXQWVWR contract, and are often used as Parturients DLGWKHHOLPLQDWLYHIXQFWLRQVRIWKHERG\WKH WRKHOSIDFLOLWDWHFKLOGELUWK DQGRU(PPHQD UHJHQHUDWLRQRIERGLO\WLVVXHV FOHDQVLQJ JRJXHVWREULQJRQDZRPDQ¶VPHQVWUXDOÀRZ tonifying), and are especially useful in prena GHSHQGLQJRQWKHKHUEVVWUHQJWK GRVLQJ tal care, malnutrition, convalesce, anorexia, DQGWRVXSSOHPHQWWKHGLHWZKHQHYHUQHFHV $OODUHWR[LFWRVRPHGHJUHHVKRXOGEHXVHG sary. FDXWLRXVO\VKRUWWHUPDQGRQO\ZKHQDEVR lutely necessary if at all. How Nutritives Work How Oxytocics Work $UHFRPSOH[PL[WXUHVRISK\WRQXWULHQWVSUR YLGLQJDZLGHYDULHW\RImacronutrients (e.g. 9DULDEOHDPRXQWVRIFRQVWLWXHQWVVXFKDV IDWVSURWHLQVFDUERK\GUDWHV DQGmicronutri- Alkaloids & Volatile oilVPD\DFWE\LPLWDWLQJ ents YLWDPLQV PLQHUDOV ZKLFKDFWWREXLOG R[\WRFLQLQWKHERG\WRVWLPXODWHXWHULQHFRQ XSWKHKHDOWKRIYDULRXVERG\V\VWHPV7KH\ WUDFWLRQV UHOHDVHSURVWDJODQGLQKRUPRQHV RIWHQDOVRH[HUWPLOGVHFRQGDU\WKHUDSHXWLF Herbal Examples HIIHFWV HJEXONLQJOD[DWLYHVEORRGVXJDU • Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood) regulation, diuretic etc.). • Cytisus scoparius (Scotchbroom) Herbal Examples • Mentha pulegium (Pennyroyal) • Allium sativum (Garlic) • Tanacetum vulgare (Tansy) • Althea off. (Marshmallow) • Thuja occidentalis (White Cedar) • Capsicum sp. (Cayenne) • Fucus vesiculosis (Kelp) • Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) Rubefacients $UHKHUEVWKDWwhen applied topically will cause a localized increase in surface blood ÁRZ YDVRGLODWLRQ DQGUHGGHQLQJRIWKHVNLQ 7KH\ZLOOYDU\LQSRWHQF\EDVHGRQWKHLUFRQ VWLWXHQWV PHWKRGRIDGPLQLVWUDWLRQDQGDUH XVHGPRVWO\WRHDVHPXVFOH MRLQWSDLQV How Rubefacients Work 7KHLUDELOLW\WRLQFUHDVHEORRGÀRZORFDOO\LV RIWHQGXHWRWKHLU resin or volatile oil content, DQGKDVEHQH¿WVLQFOXGLQJ • *HQWOHPLPLFLQJRIWKHERG\¶VQDWXUDO VHOIKHDOLQJLQÀDPPDWRU\SURFHVVHV • &OHDQVLQJ QRXULVKPHQWRIDIIHFWHGWLV Trifolium pratense VXHVYLDLPSURYHGEORRG O\PSKDWLFÀRZ (Red Clover) (reduced congestion). 54 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Actions • 'UDZLQJRIEORRGIURPGHHSHUSDUWVRI 6HGDWLYHVVKRXOGDOZD\VEHXVHGZLWKLQ WKHERG\LQWRWKHVNLQZKLFKFDQEHQH¿W WKHFRQWH[WRIDQRYHUDOODSSURDFKWRVOHHS YLVFHUDOWLVVXHV ERG\RUJDQV HJFDV SUREOHPVLQYROYLQJUHOD[DWLRQWHFKQLTXHVIRRG tor oil packs). and lifestyle in general. Actions Herbal Examples: Herbal Examples • Allium cepa (Onion) • Eschscholzia californica (California • Allium sativa (Garlic) Poppy) • Brassica alba/niger (Mustard seed) • Gelsemium sempervirens (Yellow • Capsicum spp. (Cayenne) Jasmine) • Ricinis communis (Castor Oil Bean) • Humulus lupulus (Hops) • Lactuca virosa (Wild lettuce) • Piscidia erythrina (Jamaican Dog- Sedatives wood) $UHKHUEVWKDWZLOOFDOPWKHQHUYRXVV\VWHP • Valeriana off. (Valerian) to reduce anxiety and help promote restful sleep. Many sedatives are also as Nervine 5HOD[DQWVLQKLJKGRVHV+\SQRWLFV$QDOJHVLFV DQGRU$QWLVSDVPRGLFV How Sedatives Work 7KURXJKDYDULHW\RIFRQVWLWXHQWVLQFOXGLQJ alkaloids & volatile oils, PXFKLVNQRZQ DERXWWKHDFWLRQRIVRPHWUXO\SRWHQWKHUEDO VHGDWLYHVZLWKOHVVEHLQJNQRZQRIRWKHUV &RQYHQWLRQDOPHGLFLQHKDVXVHGVRPHRIWKHVH KHUEVWRWKHLUDGYDQWDJHE\SRWHQWL]LQJWKHLU HIIHFWVDVSKDUPDFHXWLFDOV HJPRUSKLQHIURP Opium poppy). Note: 6RPHRIWKHPRVWHIIHFWLYHVHGDWLYHVDUH LOOHJDOWRWKHYHU\GHJUHHRIWKHLUHIIHFWLYHQHVV DQGVRPHZLOOFDUU\VHULRXVWR[LFLW\FRQFHUQV Gelsemium sempervirens Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 55 Herbal Actions Actions Stimulants Tonics $UHKHUEVWKDWFDQquicken & enliven the Synonymous with Trophorestoratives physiological activity of the body in some $UHDLQFUHGLEO\EURDGJURXSRIKHUEVWKDW way. GHVFULEHWKRVHWKDWZLOOstrengthen, enliven, 7KHWHUPVWLPXODQWKDVDQLQFUHGLEO\EURDG UHVWRUHRUUHJHQHUDWHDVSHFLÀFERG\RUJDQ PHDQLQJLQKHUEDOPHGLFLQHWKDWGRHVQRW or system DVDZKROH QHFHVVDULO\RQO\UHIHUWRFKHPLFDOVVXFKDV 7KH\ZLOORIWHQGHPRQVWUDWHWKHSKHQRPHQRQ FDIIHLQH)RUH[DPSOH5XEHIDFLHQWVFDQ RI³WLVVXHVSHFL¿FLW\´OHQGLQJWDUJHWHG EHQH¿ EHUHIHUUHGWRDVKDYLQJDVWLPXODQWHIIHFW FDOHIIHFWVWRZDUGVWKHFLUFXODWRU\UHVSLUDWRU\ ZKHQDSSOLHGWRSLFDOO\7KHIROORZLQJLVDOLVW digestive, urinary, reproductive, musculoskel RIVRPH´6WLPXODQW´DFWLYLWLHVWKDWFDQRFFXU etal & nervous systems. ZLWKLQWKHERG\DORQJZLWKKHUEDOH[DPSOHV How Tonics Work Nervine stimulants • Coffea arabica (Coffee) 7RQLFVZRUNLQPDQ\ZD\VEDVHGRQWKHLULQGL • Camellia sinensis (Green/Black tea) YLGXDOFRQVWLWXHQWV HIIHFWVEXWDUHLQJHQHUDO DUHPDUNDEOHH[DPSOHRIWKHWUXHKHDOLQJ Cerbral circulatory stimulants SRZHURI1DWXUH7KHIROORZLQJLVDOLVWRIVRPH • Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) ³7RQLF´DFWLYLWLHVWKDWFDQRFFXUZLWKLQWKHERG\ • Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo) DORQJZLWKKHUEDOH[DPSOHV • Rosmarinus off. (Rosemary) Nervine tonic Peripheral circulatory stimulants • Avena sativa (Oat tops) • Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) • Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) • Zingiber off. (Ginger) • Zanthoxylum americanum (Prickly Mucous membrane tonic Ash) • Euphrasia off. (Eyebright) • Hydrastis canadensis (Goldenseal) Central circulatory stimulants • Capsicum minimum (Cayenne) Thyroid tonic • Panax ginseng (Chinese/Korean • Fucus vesiculosis (Kelp) Ginseng) Immune tonic Immune/lymphatic stimulants • Astragalus membranaceous (Milk vetch) • Baptisia tinctoria (Wild Indigo) • Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) • Echinacea spp. (Echinacea) & other medicinal mushrooms • Phytolacca americanum (Pokeroot) Connective tissue tonic Glandular stimulants • Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) • Foeniculum vulgaris (Fennel) • Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) • Phytolacca americanum (Pokeroot) • Plantago lanceolata/major (Plantain) • Symphytum off. (Comfrey) • Crataegus sp. (Hawthorn) • Vaccinium myrtillus (Blueberry leaf) Vascular tonic • Achillea millefolium leaf (Yarrow) • Aesculus hippocastanum (Horsechestnut) • Tilia europea (Linden) • Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) 56 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Actions Cardiac tonic Vulnerary • Convalleria majalis (Motherwort) $UHKHUEVZKLFKhelp with healing wounds • Crataegus sp. (Hawthorne) ERWKWRSLFDOO\DQGLQWHUQDOO\0DQ\$VWULQJHQWV • Leonurus cardiaca (Motherwort) Demulcents, and Emollients are also consid Actions Liver tonic HUHGWRKDYHD9XOQHUDU\HIIHFW • Curcuma longa (Turmeric) How Vulneraries Work • Cynara scolymus (Artichoke) • Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) 7KURXJKDYDULHW\RIPHFKDQLVPV FRQVWLWX • Silybum marianum (Milk thistle) HQWVZLOOVSHHGXSDQGRUHQDEOHFRQGLWLRQV IRUQDWXUDOZRXQGKHDOLQJSURFHVVHVWRRFFXU Adrenal tonic LQFOXGLQJ • %RUDJRRI¿FLQDOLV %RUDJH • Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian • TanninsZKLFKGU\XSEORRGPXFRXV ginseng) edema, produce an impervious layer to • Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) LQIHFWLRQDQGSURPRWHWKHIRUPLQJRID • Rhodiola rosea (Arctic rose) VFDERUHVFKDU • Withania somnifera (Ashwaganda) • Mucilage ZKLFKVRRWKHVLUULWDWHGRU Respiratory tonic LQÀDPHGHSLWKHOLDOWLVVXHV • Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) • AllantoinZKLFKVWLPXODWHVFHOOJURZWK • Hyssopus off. (Hyssop) GLYLVLRQWKXVVSHHGLQJWKHKHDOLQJRI • Plantago lanceolata/major (Plantain) many connective tissues. Uterine tonic Herbal Examples: • Actaea racemosa (Black cohosh) • &DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV 0DULJROG • Leonurus cardiaca (Motherwort) • Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) • Mitchella repens (Partridge Berry) • Plantago lanceolata/major (Plantain) • Rubus idaeus (Red raspberry) • 6\PSK\WXPRI¿FLQDOLV &RPIUH\ Female Reproductive tonic • Actaea racemosa (Black Cohosh) • Chamaelirium luteum (False unicorn root) • Dioscorea villosa (Wild yam) • 3DHRQLDODFWLÀRUD :KLWHSHRQ\ • Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste tree berry) Male Reproductive tonic • Serenoa repens (Saw palmetto) • 6PLOD[RI¿FLQDOLV 6DUVDSDULOOD • Urtica diocia radix (Stinging Nettle root) • Tribulus terrestris (Puncture vine) &DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV (Marigold) Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Actions | 57 References $QRQ3KDUPDFRSRHLDODQG5HODWHG'UXJVRI%LRORJLFDO 'H6PHW3$*02YHUYLHZRIKHUEDOTXDOLW\FRQWURO'UXJ 0DQQHO0'UXJLQWHUDFWLRQVZLWK6W-RKQ¶V:RUW'UXJ6DIHW\ 2ULJLQ&KDSWHU $ONDORLGVSJ ,QIRUP- ± ± Intro %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO 'H6PHW3$*07R[LFRORJLFDORXWORRNRQTXDOLW\DVVXUDQFH 0F/HVN\&+HWDO7KHLQFLGHQFHRIKHUEDODQGVHOHFWHG )RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU RIKHUEDOUHPHGLHV,Q $GYHUVH(IIHFWVRI+HUEDO QXWUDFHXWLFDOXVHLQVXUJLFDOSDWLHQWV$QHVWKHVLRORJ\ Science, 2003. 'UXJVYRO%HUOLQ 6SULQJHU9HUODJ $ $ %RQH.3ULQFLSOHVDQG3UDFWLFHVRI3K\WRWKHUDS\ PRGHUQ 'LHJR,]H/XGORZ0'HWDO1HXURWR[LFLWLHVLQLQIDQWVVHHQ 0HGLFLQHV$FW/HDÀHW 0$/ *XLGHOLQHVRQ6DIHW\DQG KHUEDOPHGLFLQH&KXUFKLOO/LYLQJVWRQH ZLWKFRQVXPSWLRQRIVWDUDQLVHWHD3HGLDWULFV (I¿FDF\5HTXLUHPHQWVIRU+HUEDO0HGLFLQDO3URGXFWV &DEUHUD&$ONDORLGV$7KHUDSHXWLF$SSURDFKWR8QGHU H±H *XLGDQFH1RWHVRQ$SSOLFDWLRQVIRU3URGXFW/LFHQFHV VWDQGLQJWKHLU&KHPLVWU\DQG3KDUPDFRORJ\ (0($+HUEDO0HGLFLQDO3URGXFWV&RPPLWWHH3XEOLF ± &DEUHUD&7KH0DUYHORXV3KHQRO0ROHFXOH VWDWHPHQWRQWKHULVNVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHXVHRI 0LOOHU$$QWLR[LGDQW)ODYRQRLGV 6WUXFWXUH)XQFWLRQDQG &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ KHUEDOSURGXFWVFRQWDLQLQJ$ULVWRORFKLDVSHFLHVZZZ &OLQLFDO8VDJH$OW0HG5HYLHZ9RO1RSJ .LQGHUVOH\ HPHDHXURSDHXSGIVKXPDQKPSFHQSGI &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG 1RYHPEHU 0LOOV67KH(VVHQWLDO*XLGHWR+HUEDO6DIHW\&KXUFKLOO Wellness Trading Post, 2004. (UQVW(3LWWOHU0+7KHHI¿FDF\RIKHUEDOGUXJV,Q +HUEDO Livingstone, 2004. 'DYLV57KH+HUEDOLVW*XLGHWR%RWDQFLDO5HVHDUFK*ROG 0HGLFLQH D&RQFLVH2YHUYLHZIRU3URIHVVLRQDOV 0LWFKHOO:3ODQW0HGLFLQH 7KH%DVW\U 58 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Constituents To a pharmacist, herbal constituents are and understanding a plants pharmacological the active ingredients of the plant, or the activity, especially pertaining to toxicity con- FKHPLFDOVWKDWKDYHGHPRQVWUDWHGDGH¿QDEOH cerns & potential drug interactions. physiological & therefore, possible medical Parts If this section of the book seems at all intimidat- effect upon the body. LQJHYHU\KHUEDOVWXGHQWVFRXOGJUHDWO\EHQH¿W The weight placed on the importance of from a sound understanding of basic biochem- identifying & extracting these singular plant istry, and so would encourage reviewing a chemicals in isolation from the rest of the good introductory organic chemistry textbook to plant is a representation of the divide that freshen up on these building blocks of life and exists between the reductionist vs. vitalist just how they work. models that have long existed within the The better you are able to understand some PHGLFDO¿HOG simple principles of biochemistry, the easier To the medical herbalist, focusing exclusively it is to see the similarities that exist in the on individual constituents does not tell us molecules that make up both plants & humans, much about the activity of the plant as a and the dancing chemical continuum between whole, herbs contain many constituents our species becomes abundantly clearer. (some of which we may have not even identi- This chapter gives an overview of some major ¿HG\HW plant constituents and their effects within the This is also a good time to introduce the phe- human body including: nomenon of plant synergy, which is crucial to understanding the complexity of how plant Alkaloids ...... 60 medicines really work. Synergism implies that Anthraquinones ...... 62 the interaction of 2 or more agents results Bitters ...... 63 in a combined effect that is greater than the sum of the individual parts, and applies Cardioactive Glycosides ..64 to combining herbs together in a formula Coumarins ...... 65 as well as the combined effects of active Flavonoids ...... 66 constituents within the same herb. Glycosides & Mucilage .... 67 However this does not deny the value of studying individual plant constituents as long Salicylates ...... 68 as we maintain a holistic perspective of the Saponins ...... 69 plant, respecting it as an integrated biologi- Tannins ...... 70 cally evolved organism. Tannins ...... 71 Having a sound knowledge of individual Volatile Oils ...... 72 constituents is essential for developing quality assurance methods, extraction procedures, Tannin molecule Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Constituents | 59 Alkaloids Alkaloids are a very mixed group of plant macology with herbal examples are outlined in Parts constituents that contain a nitrogen-bearing the chart on the following page. molecule that makes them pharmacologically active. In addition to nitrogen, alkaloids may )UHHDONDORLGV EDVHV DUHJHQHUDOO\VROXEOHLQ also contain oxygen, sulfur and more rarely ethanol but only slightly soluble in water. Tinc- other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and WXUHVDUHYHU\HI¿FLHQW XVLQJHWKDQRO phosphorus. at extracting alkaloids from plants. Despite this chemical similarity, their struc- Safety Concerns & Contraindications tures and functions vary widely and so they can be subdivided into categories based on Some of our most potentially harmful and toxic their structure, however there is still large herbs are due to the effects & accumulation variability even within these groups. of their alkaloid content, which in some cases may be lethal and require immediate medical Alkaloids are found most commonly in around intervention. Maximum weekly & daily dosing IDPLOLHVRIÀRZHULQJSODQWVDQGKDYHD of such herbs should be strictly adhered to. wide range of pharmacological activities, The prudent herbal practitioner will be well many of which have found use in traditional aware of those herbs high in potentially harmful or modern medicine, or as starting points for alklaoids and able to inform & identify early drug discovery. signs of toxicity, which often manifest within that patients digestive or central nervous Some major action of alkaloids in the body systems. Some general signs & symptoms of include: toxicity may include: • Antispasmodic • Analgesic • 'U\PRXWK H\HV ZSKRWRSKRELD • Anti-arrhythmic • 0\GULDVLV SXSLOGLODWLRQ • Anti-bacterial • Excessive sedation (potentially leading to • Anti-malarial ORVVRIFRQVFLRXVQHVV • Anti-cancer • Addiction & Dependence • Hyper/Hypotension • Anti-secretolytic • Hypo/Hyperglycemic effects • Heart palpitations • Nervine Stimulant • Rapid/Shallow Respiration • Vasodilatory • Nausea, vomitting & diarrhea • Psychotropic & Hallucinogenic effects • Delirium, incoherent speech & confusion • Uncoordinated movements How Alkaloids Work Although alkaloids act on a diversity of meta- bolic systems in humans and other animals, they almost uniformly invoke a bitter taste, and all have have the potential to be toxic. The major groups of alkaloids and their phar- Mentha piperita 60 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Alkaloids Alkaloid Class Pharmacology Herbal Examples Atropine, hyoscyamine & scopolamine Parts • Atropa belladonna Tropane Anticholinergics with antispasmodic and anti- • Datura stramonium secretolytic effects, particularly in the respiratory, • Hyoscyamus niger genitourinary & digestive tracts Papaverine, chelerythrine, morphine, • Hydrastis canadensis Isoquinoline hydrastine & berberine • Berberis aquifolium Anti-hypertensive, anti-spasmodic, analgesic & • Papaver somniferum antiseptic effects • Sanguinaria canadensis Trigonelline, lobeline, nicotine, piperine, & • /REHOLDLQÀDWD • Nicotiana tabacum Pyridine & ricinine • Piper spp. Piperidine Antiseptic, anti-hyperglycemic, and potential • Ricinus communis narcotic effects • Trigonella foenum-graecum Stachydrine Those with unsaturated necine bases can be • Borago off. nephrotoxic & hepatotoxic when metabolized • Eupatorium perfoliatum Pyrrolizidine E\F\WRFKURPH3V\VWHP(Q]\PDWLF • Symphytum off intermediates formed can attack DNA and • Tussilago farfara GDPDJHKHSDWRF\WHVOHDGLQJWR¿EURVLVFDXVLQJ KHSDWLFYHQRRFFOXVLYHGLVHDVH +92' Quinine Quinoline Cinchona spp. Anti-pyretic & Anti-malarial effects • Aspidosperma spp. Vincristine, vinblastine, ergotamine, • Catharanthus spp. Indole physostigmine, reserpine & yohimbine • Claviceps spp. Cardiotonic, cytotoxic & various central nervous system effects. • 5DXZRO¿DVHUSHQWLQD • Gelsemium sempervirens • Camellia sinensis Purine (methyl Caffeine & theobromine • Coffea arabica xanthines) CNS stimulant & cardiotonic effects • Theobroma cacao Mescaline, ephedrine, colchicine & taxol • Colchicum spp. Proto-alkaloids • Ephedra sinica Sympathomimetic & potential narcotic effects. • Taxus brevifolia Quinolizidine Sparteine, cytisine & oxytyramine • Cytisus scoparius (Scotch Alkaloids Cardioactive & hypertensive effects broom) Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Constituents | 61 Anthraquinones Anthraquinones are the main active constitu- Their action is very much dose dependent. In Parts ents in herbs often used to relieve constipa- lower doses, anthraquinones exert a milder tion, as they have an irritant or stimulating tonic laxative effect. In larger doses they will laxative effect on the large intestine. They have a more powerful stimulant to cathartic are often red or purple in pigment, and are effect. widely distributed in plants, especially in the In summary their major pharmacological ac- Fabaceae, Liliaceae, Polygonaceae, and tions are as follows: Rhamnaceae families. 6WLPXODWLRQRIDFWLYHWUDQVSRUWRIFKORULGH Anthraquinones are commonly found as gly- LQWRWKHJXWOXPHQĺRVPRWLFSXOOLQWKHJXWĺ cosides in the living plant, and several groups DFFXPXODWLRQRIÀXLGLQWKHJXW are distinguished based on their degree of oxidation. Anthrones are less oxygenated ,QKLELWLRQRI1D.$73DVHDFWLYLW\RIWKH than the anthraquinones and the dianthrones HQWHURF\WHVĺLQKLELWLRQRIZDWHUVRGLXP are formed from two anthrone units. and chloride reabsorption, and an increase in enteric secretion of potassium Studies using dianthrone glycosides suggest most of these compounds pass through the 6WLPXODWLRQRIORFDOL]HGLQÀDPPDWRU\ upper GI tract without any change, however SURVWDJODQGLQVĺLQFUHDVHGIRUFHDQGUDWHRI they are subsequently metabolized by the peristalsis natural bacteria of the colon, and thus a KHDOWK\EDFWHULDOÀRUDLVQHFHVVDU\IRUWKHLU maximal effects. Safety Concerns & Contraindications Anthraquinone rich herbs are most indicated At high doses anthraquinone-rich herbs are IRUÁDFFLGRUDWRQLFFRQVWLSDWLRQthat is gastrointestinal irritants, causing toxicity symp- characterized by a loss of bowel tone and toms that can include nausea, vomiting, bloody thus an infrequency of bowel movements. It diarrhea, dermatitis, dizziness, acute abdominal is usually caused by a lack of exercise, pro- pain & cramping, and in severe cases, kidney longed best rest or habitual laxative use, and damage. In general the following are important is more common in elderly populations. considerations with their usage: • Use caution in irritable bowel, bowel ob- structions, spastic colon, acute intestinal How Anthraquinones Work LQÀDPPDWLRQDEGRPLQDOSDLQRIXQNQRZQ Anthraquinones act directly on the intestinal origin, children <12 years old PXFRVDLQÀXHQFLQJVHYHUDOSKDUPDFRORJLFDO • A harmless reddish discoloration of urine targets, and their laxative effect is largely due and feces may occur to increased peristalsis of the colon, reducing transit time and consequently the reabsorp- • Use for short-term only. Use > 10 days tion of water from the colon making the stool exacerbates atonicity of the colon and more liquid and easing bowel movements. can lead to dependence on laxatives for a bowel movement to occur Additionally the stimulation of active chloride secretion into the gut increases osmosis, and • Recurrent use or abuse can lead to elec- results in a subsequent increased excretion of trolyte imbalances (particularly hypokale- water. Overall the result is an increase in fecal PLD GHK\GUDWLRQDQGPXVFOHDQGNLGQH\ volume and GI pressure. damage • Dramatic decrease in transit time can interfere with absorption of medications 62 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Bitters • &DQSURYRNHUHÀH[FRQWUDFWLRQVLQWKH Bitter Principles are a varied group of many uterus when taken during pregnancy, plant constituents linked by their pronounced leading to miscarriage bitter taste, which is not due to any one Parts • Should be avoided in those with gout or a individual constituent. In herbal terms, bitter predisposition to kidney stones is considered an action and not a constitu- ent, and when referring to bitter as a constitu- • In addition, Long-term dosing can cause ent it is referred to as ‘The Bitter Principle’ and peroxidation of lipids in the enteric mu- is often a volatile oil, alkaloid, sesquiterpene, FRVDĺOLSRIXVFLQUHVLGXHDQGEURZQLVK RUJO\FRVLGH RUVRPHFRPELQDWLRQ pigmentation called melanosis, which may be a risk factor bowel cancer For more information on Bitters see section in Actions chapter. Herbal examples: • Aloe barbadensis (Aloe) • Cassia sp. (Senna) • Rheum palmatum (Turkey Rhubarb) • Rhamnus frangula (Cascara sagrada) • Rumex crispus (Yellow Dock) Note: Naphthaquinones are dark yellow pigments with a range of pharmacological prop- erties. They are structurally similar to anthraqui- nones but demonstrate different effects, often having antimicrobial & anti-fungal properties. 7DUD[DFXPRI¿FLQDOLV GDQGHOLRQ Note: Among anthraquinone-containing laxatives, the gentlest acting compounds belong to Yellow 'RFN 5XPH[FULVSXV DQG5KXEDUE 5KHXP SDOPDWXP 7KHVHKHUEVDUHDJHGIRUDWOHDVWRQH year, during which the more irritant anthraquinones are converted to milder compounds. The presence of tannins in these plants also tends to moderate the laxative effect. Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Constituents | 63 Cardioactive Glycosides In general, cardioactive glycosides improve tions, thereby allowing for the greater force of Parts WKHHI¿FLHQF\RIWKHKHDUWPXVFOHZLWKRXW heart muscle contraction. increasing its need for oxygen. This enables Safety Concerns & Contraindications the heart to pump adequate amounts of blood DURXQGWKHERG\DQGSUHYHQWVÀXLGDFFXPXOD- The use of these herbs requires extreme tion within the lungs or extremities. caution. They have a narrow margin of safety, and the solubility & removal rates of these They are powerful & fascinating plant constitu- glycosides tend to be low, thus high levels may HQWVVSHFL¿FDOO\WKRVHVXFKDVGLJLWR[LQ easily accrue in the body becoming potentially convallatoxin, which have a strong, direct quite dangerous. Signs of toxicity include: action on the heart, supporting the rate of contraction when it is failing. Many are also • Nausea, vomiting & diarrhea VLJQL¿FDQWO\GLXUHWLFKHOSLQJWRVWLPXODWHXULQH • Yellowing of vision, confusion & headache production, thus increasing the removal of ÀXLGIURPWKHWLVVXHV FLUFXODWRU\V\VWHP • Arrhythmia, ventricular extra systole, bradycardia, and AV block. They are generally used to treat cardiac insuf- ¿FLHQF\HVSHFLDOO\LQDWULDO¿EULOODWLRQ VXSUD Their use requires frequent monitoring of: ventricular rhythm abnormalities, improving • Diuresis WKHDELOLW\RIWKHP\RFDUGLXP KHDUWPXVFOH WR • Blood pressure perform it’s work. • Heart rate • 6HUXPSRWDVVLXPOHYHOV K\SRNDOHPLD Their use should be avoided alongside drugs that reduce potassium levels in the blood (e.g. How Cardioactive glycosides Work diuretics, laxatives, corticosteroids, some When taken internally will have: DQWLELRWLFV ZKLFKZLOOLQFUHDVHWKHLUSRWHQF\ and potential for toxicity. 1) Positive inotropic effects, increasing the force of systole & contraction of the myocar- Herbal examples: dium. • Asclepias tuberosa (Pleurisy Root) Negative chronotropic effects, slowing • Convallaria majalis (Lily of the Valley the heart rate & reducing conduction velocity • Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) at the AV junction. • Urginea maritime (Squill) Increase venous return & decrease vasoconstriction and resistance to ven- Note: In a strictly technical sense, the phar- tricular ejection. Will reduce activation of the macological term cardiotonic is synonymous renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and with “positive inotropic”, and is used not lower circulating level of catecholamines, only to describe agents that increase heart thereby lowering blood pressure within the contractility, but also to indicate an increase vasculature. in heart beat frequency and general cardiac Increase overall cardiac output without SHUIRUPDQFH6SHFL¿FDOO\FDUGLRDFWLYH raising myocardial oxygen requirements plants are those that owe their effects on the by acting on the cell membrane to inhibit heart to cardiac glycosides, thus possess- sodium/potassium ATPase, resulting in an ing the strengths and drawbacks of these increase in intracellular calcium concentra- constituents. 64 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Coumarins There are over 700 plant coumarins derived should still be used with long-term used from the plant compound coumarin which oc- alongside anticoagulant therapies. curs widely in plants, usually in bound form. Herbal examples: Parts The 3 major classes of plant coumarins include • Aesculus hippocastanum • +RUVHFKHVWQXW hydroxycoumarins, furanocourmarins & Pyr- .KHOOD anocourmarins. They are found in many plant • Ammi visnaga $QJHOLFD species and have widely divergent actions in- • Angelica archangelica ( FOXGLQJDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQWLVSDVPRGLFDQWL • Apium graveolens &HOHU\ 6ZHHWFORYHU edematous, vascular tonic, anti-hemorrhagic, • Melilotus off. 5HGFORYHU anti-fungal, and anti-tumor effects. • Trifolium pratense How Coumarins Work Several coumarin molecules have demonstrat- ed multiple biological activities that suggest that their structural features promote ROS scaveng- ing activity and have pro-apoptotic effects. They have also demonstrated an ability to modulate of ATP-driven membranes, and inhibit enzymatic activity of various protein-dependent kinases, as well as carbonic anhydrase, and aromatase activity. Safety Concerns & Contraindications It is important to note coumarin found in plants is virtually devoid of anticoagulant effects in humans because a structurally essential characteristic for the anticoagulant potential of coumarin derivatives is absent. Note: the drug Warfarin is a synthetic chemical GHULYHGIURPFRXPDURO Although coumarin has little-to-no anticoagu- Aesculus hippocastanum lant activity, it is transformed to the natural an- +RUVH&KHVWQXW ticoagulant dicoumarol by a number of species of fungi, which proceeds through production RIK\GUR[\FRXPDULQWKHQIXUWKHULQWRWKH actual anticoagulant dicoumarol, a fermentation product and mycotoxin. Nevertheless, caution Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Constituents | 65 Flavonoids 2IWKHDSSUR[LPDWHO\ÁDYRQRLGV that Most are astoundingly safe to use long-term Parts KDYHEHHQLGHQWL¿HGWKH\DOOSRVVHVVWKLV with almost no toxicity concerns. Some of their same basic polyphenolic structural makeup in- distinct pharmacological actions and effects volving a carbon skeleton with two substituted include: benzene rings. They are nearly ubiquitous • Antioxidant or Redox regulators, inhibiting secondary metabolites found especially in the reduction of dehydroascorbic acid OHDIVIUXLWV ÀRZHUVDQGWKHLUPDMRUUROH YLDJOXWDWKLRQHE\DFWLQJDV+GRQRUV in plants is to function as growth regulators, permitting resonance stabilization and and protect the plant from UV radiation by rending potentially damaging molecules scavenging free radicals produced by the relatively unreactive photosynthetic electron transport system. • Smooth muscle relaxation (antispasmod- The also act as pigments, imparting color to LFV K\SRWHQVLYHV ÀRZHUV IUXLWV • Reduced platelet aggregation & blood Flavonoids are water-soluble and occur vessel protectants both in free state and as glycosides. Their • Improved hypoxic tolerance PROHFXODUFODVVL¿FDWLRQFDQEHEURNHQGRZQ • Inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase by their degree of saturation, biosynthetic leading to increased availability of origin (i.e. those that are intermediate steps catecholamines and enhanced neural YVHQGSURGXFWV PROHFXODUVL]HDQGDV- transmission and neuro-protective effects sociated conjugates (i.e. whether bound to a VXJDUXQLWRUK\GUR[\OJURXS 0DMRUFODVVHVRI • Inhibition of mast cell lysis ÀDYRQRLGV,QFOXGH • Stimulation of proline hydroxylase leading to increased formation of cross links be- • )ODYRQROV HJ4XHUFLWLQ WZHHQFROODJHQ¿EHUVUHLQIRUFLQJWHQVLOH • )ODYRQHV HJ$SLJHQLQ strength of connective tissue and cell structures and reduced capillary fragility • )ODYRQRQHV HJ1DULQJLQ • Increased intra-cellular vitamin C, pre- • ,VRÀDYRQHV HJ*HQLVWHLQ venting it’s breakdown and up regulating • Catechins (e.g. Epigallocatechin gallate it’s absorption RU(*&* • Reduced allergic responses • Anthocyanidins/Proanthocyanidins • 5HGXFWLRQRILQÀDPPDWRU\OHXNRWULHQHV $ND&RQGHQVHGWDQQLQV • Mediate prevention of LDL oxidation How Flavonoids Work • Bind metal ions (which prevent them from DFWLQJDV526FDWDO\VWV Flavonoids have a wide range of actions and many medicinal uses. They have been Herbal examples: referred to as “nature’s biological response • Calendula off. (Marigold) PRGL¿HUV´RU³5HGR[5HJXODWRUV´VLQFHWKH\ • Camellia sinensis (Green/Black tea) modify the body’s reaction to compounds • Crataegus sp. (Hawthorne berries) such as allergens, viruses and carcinogens • Curcuma longa (Turmeric) DVHYLGHQFHGE\WKHLUDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQWL • Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo) allergic, antiviral and anticancer properties. • Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) • Trifolium pretense (Red Clover) Additionally they will strengthen vascular • Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) FDSLOODULHVWRSUHYHQWOHDNDJHRIERG\ÀXLGV into surrounding tissues, and some will have phytoestrogenic, and liver-protective activity. 66 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Glycosides & Mucilage Glycosides as hydrates and as a food reserve, for seed Glycosides, or sugar ethers, are a complex dispersal & germination, and as a membrane thickener and stabilizer. grouping of aldehydes and alcohols which can Parts be broken down to yield one or more sugars How Mucilage Works JO\FRQHV SOXVDQRQVXJDUFRPSRQHQW DJO\- Most mucilage is not broken down by the FRQHV ,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRQRWHWKDWJO\FRVLGHV human digestive system, but when taken DUHQRWDPDMRUFODVVL¿FDWLRQRISK\WRFKHPL- internally and combined with water will lend cals themselves. Glycosides are often better powerful demulcent & vulnerary effects, both absorbed & extracted than aglycones, but the VRRWKLQJDQGSURWHFWLQJWRZDUGVLQÀDPHG agylocone is usually the active component with or irritated nerve endings along the mucous KDYHDVSHFL¿FWKHUDSHXWLFHIIHFWV membranes or epithelia. It can absorb toxins The formation of a glycoside is dependent on IURPWKHERZHOUHJXODWHLQWHVWLQDOÀRUD interaction with Carbon, Sulphur, Nitrogen, or protect against gastric acidity and ingested alcohol/phenol components, thus glycosides toxins, reduce bowel irritation, and act as can occur in any of the major phytochemical a bulking laxative agent to give more form FODVVL¿FDWLRQVEHFDXVHDVXJDUHWKHUFDQELQG to stools, promoting peristalsis and regular itself to molecules in myriad of ways. evacuation of the bowels. *O\FRVLGHVDUHPRVWFRPPRQO\FODVVL¿HGDF- Mucilage can also promote expectoration cording to the chemical nature of the aglycone, and soothe bronchial and urinary spasm via and have vast medicinal applications as they DSURSRVHGPHFKDQLVPLQYROYLQJVSLQDOUHÀH[ are found in almost every therapeutic class signaling from the endodermal lining of the (example: cardiac glycosides or anthraquinone gut, which lends a relaxant & antispasmodic JO\FRVLGHV 6RPHJO\FRVLGLFFDWHJRULHVDUHDV effect to the lungs and the urinary tract. When follows: used externally mucilage has vulnerary & • Alcohol emollient effects towards any irritated or • Aldehyde LQÀDPHGVNLQDQGVXUIDFHWLVVXHV • Anthraquinone Safety Concerns & Contraindications • Cardiac • Cyanogenic Generally mucilage is incredibly gentle and • Flavonoid can be used long-term without safety or • Isothiocyanate toxicity concerns. When used internally it is • Iridoid prudent to one’s increase water intake, and • Lactone should be avoided in known or suspected • 3KHQRO HJ6DOLFLQ bowel obstruction. Theoretically mucilage • Saponin may delay the absorption of drugs & nutrients if taken simultaneously and thus should be taken away from meals & medications. Mucilage Herbal Examples: Mucilaginous herbs derive their properties from • Althea off. (Marshmallow) the polysaccharides they contain. These poly- • Plantago lanceolata (Plantain) saccharides have a ‘slippery’, mild taste and • Plantago ovata (Psyllium) swell in water, producing a gel-like mass that • Symphytum off. (Comfrey) can be used to soothe and protect irritated tis- • Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenu- sues in the body, such as dry irritated skin and greek) VRUHRULQÀDPHGPXFRXVPHPEUDQHV$OOSODQWV • Ulmus fulvus (Slippery elm) produce mucilage in some form to store water Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Constituents | 67 Salicylates Salicylates are a widely distributed group effects seen with aspirin. When used topically, Parts of simple phenolics and include compounds salicylates cause the cells of the epidermis to such as salicin, methyl salicylate & salicylic shed more readily, opening clogged pores and DFLGZLWKVDOLFLQEHLQJWKH¿UVWLGHQWL¿HG neutralizing bacteria within, preventing pores compound in this class and used to create the from clogging up again by constricting pore di- well-known pharmaceutical drug Aspirin. They ameter, and allowing room for new cell growth. appear to act as a phytohormone involved in Safety Concerns & Contraindications plant growth & development, photosynthesis, transpiration, ion uptake and transport, and In high doses salicylic acid has an ototoxic the endogenous signaling involved in mediat- effect by inhibiting prestin, which is the motor ing the plants’ defense against pathogens. protein of the outer hair cells of the inner ear of the mammalian cochlea. It has been known to Salicylates are used primarily for their anal- LQGXFHWUDQVLHQWKHDULQJORVVLQ]LQFGH¿FLHQW JHVLFDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQGDQWLUKHXPDWLF individuals. effects. It is also a key ingredient in many skin care products as a keratolytic and comedolytic Theoretically, Salicylism, which is an acute agent. It should be noted that salicylate-rich overdose of salicylates, can produce toxicity plants have been used traditionally and symptoms ranging from mild nausea, vomiting, ZLWKJRRGUHVXOWVIRUSDLQDQGLQÀDPPDWLRQ abdominal pain, lethargy, tinnitus, and dizzi- however their analgesic actions are typically ness, depending on the dose consumed. slow-acting but longer lasting. In general the Herbal Examples action of salicylates are: • Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Gaultheria procumbens (Wintergreen) • Analgesic • Poplar spp. (Poplar) • Antipyretic • Salix spp. (Willow) • Antiseptic • Viburnum opulus (Cramp bark) • Viburnum prunifolium (Black Haw) • .HUDWRO\WLF &RPHGRO\WLF How Salicylates Work Salicin derivatives are absorbed in the small intestine or carried to the distal ileum & FRORQZKHUHEDFWHULDOJXWÀRUDGLJHVWVDOLFLQ into salicyl alcohol & glucose. The salicylic alcohol is then absorbed and oxidized in the blood, tissues, and liver to give salicylic acid, which is the main and most active form. It appears that the conversion of salicyl alcohol to salicylic acid occurs preferentially in areas of higher acidity in the blood and body tissues. From studies conducted so far, salicylates appear to exert their effects on several SURLQÀDPPDWRU\WDUJHWVLQFOXGLQJF\FORR[\- genase enzymes 1 & 2, and has been shown WRSURGXFHVLJQL¿FDQWLQKLELWLRQRI71)DOSKD DQG1).EHWD,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRQRWHWKDW salicin does not demonstrate the antiplatelet Salix spp. (Willow) 68 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Saponins Saponins are found in many plants and gained membrane irritation their name because like soap, they form a • Diuretic effect via local irritation of lather when combined with water. Chemically kidney epithelia Parts they are based on a Steroid or Triterpene • Hypolipidemic effects through bile se- fat-soluble base joined to a water-soluble sugar questration, thus binding with cholesterol molecule (their aglycone portion is referred and preventing its reabsorption. WRDVWKHVDSRJHQLQ FUHDWLQJDGHWHUJHQW • Anti-cancer effects through a variety WKDWUHVXOWVLQWKHHPXOVL¿FDWLRQRIIDWVROXEOH of proposed mechanisms including molecules in the digestive tract of the body. It antioxidant, direct and select cytotoxic- should be noted that both steroid & triterpene ity effects, immune-modulation, bile types are usually found existing together and acid and neutral sterol metabolism, and especially in plant skins where they form a regulation of cell proliferation. waxy protective coating, and it is presumed that they play a major part in a plants’ active • +HSDWRSURWHFWLYHHIIHFWWKURXJK.XSSIHU immune system. cell support Among the chemical properties of saponins, Safety Concerns & Contraindications their polarity, hydrophobicity and nature of the • May have an irritating effect on mucous reactive groups seem important determinants membranes of the respiratory and diges- of their biological properties, and has also tive tract, potentially causing urticaria PDGHWKHPGLI¿FXOWFRPSRXQGVWRERWKLVRODWH ,sneezing, bloating, gastroenteritis, and research. Properties of saponin contain- nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. ing herbs are many & varied and may include • Have also been noted for their hemolytic alterative, diuretic, expectorant, anti-catarrhal, properties as they can effectively “dis- DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQWLVSDVPRGLFDSKURGLVLDF solve” the cell walls of red blood cells antioxidant, emmenagogue, cardiac stimulant, and disrupt them when taken intrave- hormone modulating, hepatoprotective, and nous or intramuscularly. When take adrenal adaptogenic effects. orally however they are comparatively How Saponins Work harmless or they are not absorbed at all. The chemical structure of steroidal saponins is Herbal examples: similar to that of many of the body’s endog- • Aesculus hippocastanum HQRXVKRUPRQHV HJHVWURJHQDQGFRUWLVRO (Horsechestnut) and their marked hormonal activity was in fact • Dioscorea villosa (Wild Yam) the basis from which the contraceptive pill was • Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) ¿UVWGHYHORSHGDQGFXUUHQWO\PDQ\ELRLGHQWLFDO • Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) hormones. Triterpenoid saponins have less • Panax ginseng (Chinese Ginseng) hormonal activity, and often have expecto- rant effects and while aiding in absorption of nutrients. Some major actions of saponins in the body include: • $GDSWRJHQ RU$GUHQDOWRQLF KRUPRQH Dioscorea villosa modulating effects by mimicking endog- (Wild Yam) HQRXVKRUPRQHVDQGVSHFL¿FDOO\VSDULQJ cortisol • Stimulating expectorant effect via activa- tion of mucociliary escalator and mucous Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Constituents | 69 Tannins Tannins are produced to a greater or lesser reducing peristalsis and making tannins useful Parts degree by all plants, with higher concentra- in the treatment of diarrhea, especially when tions in those parts that are shed such as due to an infectious cause, as the bacteria in leaves, fruits & bark. Chemically tannins are the gut will also be precipitated. polyphenolic compounds based on a benzene Applied externally they are very useful in ring with a hydroxyl group attached. They are treating burns, as they precipitate protein of soluble in water, and will precipitate alkaloids, the exposed tissue to help form a scab. Some nitrogenous bases, and some glycosides. herbal examples include: There are two broad classes of tannins to • Camellia sinensis (Green/Black Tea) be aware of, namely Hydrolyzable and Con- • Rubus ideaus (Red Raspberry) GHQVHG DNDSURDQWKRF\DQLGLQV W\SHVZKLFK • Salix spp. (Willow) are elucidated below. How Tannins Work 2) Hydrolysable tannins +7V RUWUL In general tannins are used to contract and K\GUR[\EHQ]HQHV DUHEURNHQGRZQUHDGLO\E\ “astringe” body tissues by binding with and acid, alkali or certain enzymes to yield gallic or precipitating proteins (hence their use to “tan” ellagic acid, and ultimately pyrogallol which is OHDWKHU WKXVUHQGHULQJWKHPUHVLVWDQWWR antiseptic, caustic and hepatotoxic. Thus, HTs proteolytic enzymes. should be used with caution and if taken They are often used when there is a desire to: internally it should be used for the shortest time possible. Some herbal examples include: • Dry up excessive watery or mucous • Aesculus hippocastanum (Horsechest- secretions nut) • 6WRSEOHHGLQJ KHPRVWDWLF • Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Bearberry) • Hamamelis virgininicus (Witch Hazel) • Protect & tighten body tissues (espe- • Quercus sp. (Oak) FLDOO\PXFRXVPHPEUDQHV ERWKWRSLFDOO\ and internally In should be noted much ingested tannin 7DQQLQV 7LVVXH6SHFLÀFLW\ remains unabsorbed in the digestive tract, but It should also be noted that tannins demon- VRPHGRHVUHDFKERG\ÀXLGVDVVROXEOHWDQ- strate the amazing phenomenon of “tissue nate to be excreted by the kidneys. Tannins VSHFL¿FLW\´ZKHUHE\WKHLUDVWULQJHQWDFWLRQPD\ have also been found to inhibit enzymes such act locally, or at a distant site within the body. DVOLSR[\JHQDVH K\DOXURQLGDVHOHQGLQJWR 6XFKKHUEVZLWKWLVVXHVSHFL¿FLW\WRYDULRXV WKHLUDFWLRQDVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRULHVDQWLPLFUR- body systems may include: bials & keratolytics. Gastrointestinal Tract 1) Condensed Tannins 3URDQWKRF\DQLGLQV • Camellia sinensis (Green/Black Tea) DUHÀDYRQRLGVDQGDQWKRF\DQLGLQSUHFXU- • Filipendula ulmaris (Meadowsweet) sors and are especially prevalent in darkly • Geranium maculatum (American pigmented fruits & foods. Cranesbill) When taken internally condensed tannins Renal (Kidneys) cause precipitation of the cells lining the gut, • Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Bearberry) thus inhibiting cellular secretions and reduc- • Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) ing the absorption of substances across the gut wall. This action also leads to reduced Pulmonary (Lungs) sensitivity of nerve endings in the gut, thus • Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) 70 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Tannins • Plantago lanceolata/major (Plantain) Cardiovascular (veins & arteries) • Achillea millefolium leaf (Yarrow) Parts • Aesculus hippocastanum (Horsechestnut) • Vaccinium myrtillus leaf (Bilberry) Female Reproductive (uterus) • Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepard’s Purse) • Rubus ideaus (Red Raspberry) Skin & Connective Tissues • Aesculus hippocastanum (Horsechestnut) • Hamamelis virgininicus (Witch Hazel) Safety Concerns & Contraindications • The use of tannins may be inappropriate LQFDVHVRIFRQVWLSDWLRQLURQGH¿FLHQF\ Rubus ideaus (Red Raspberry) and malnutrition, as they can reduce the absorption of nutrients & various medications with long-term use or when used simultaneously. • Tannin-rich herbs should not be combined along with alkaloids in a formula as they will form a precipitate and potentially decrease its therapeutic potential. • Some herbs rich in hydrolyzable tannins HJ:LWFKKD]HO VKRXOGEHUHVHUYHGIRU topical use only due to potential hepatotoxic effects. Hamamelis virgininicus (Witch Hazel) Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Constituents | 71 Volatile Oils Volatile oils 92 DUHFRPSOH[PL[WXUHVRIWHQ may be caustic to sensitive skin. Parts of 100 or more compounds largely made up of Herbal Examples: mono & sesquiterpenes. They can vary widely • Allium sativum (Garlic) chemically but are most often phenolic in • Humulus lupulus (Hops) nature and may found linked with resins and/ • Mentha piperita (Peppermint) or gums, hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, • 0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV /HPRQEDOP ketones, oxides, and esters. • =LQJLEHURI¿FLQDOLV *LQJHU Volatile oils “volatilize” into steam when combined with hot water, and are extracted from plants to produce the essential oils used in aromatherapy as they are generally respon- sible for the distinctive scent/odour of a plant as they evaporate. In general they are potent DQWLPLFURELDOVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRULHVDQGLQ YDULHW\RIZD\VZLOOEHQH¿WFHQWUDOQHUYRXV V\VWHPIXQFWLRQ7KH\DUHRIWHQLGHQWL¿HGE\ their pleasant aromatic quality, which lends to regular use in teas and culinary herbal pursuits. How Volatile Oils Work Therapeutically, volatile oils have many uses. When used topically they tend to cause vaso- dilation of the capillaries and mildly stimulate the tissues in which they come in contact ZLWK HJUXEHIDFLHQWVRUFRXQWHULUULWDQWV Internally, volatile oils are largely responsible for both the stimulating and relaxing effects of many nervine and carminative herbs, often affecting the respiratory, digestive, and circu- ODWRU\V\VWHPVLQVRPHEHQH¿FLDOZD\ Safety Concerns & Contraindications • Though generally very safe, internal use may cause an increase in salivation, perspiration, peristalsis, and/or stimulate the heart muscle to contract. • (VVHQWLDORLOV FRQFHQWUDWHG92H[WUDFWV Mentha piperita (Peppermint) should not be used internally (contro- YHUVLDO DQGDUHFRQWUDLQGLFDWHGLQSUHJ- nancy. Use caution with external use as 72 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Pharmacy Herbal pharmacy is both an art and a sci- • Fats & Oils which will extract volatile oils, ence. While the choice of herbs you will use is gums, resins, waxes & alkaloids, and of course important, knowing how to prepare are used to make infused oils, creams & and administer them to patients is just as vital. salves, suppositories & pessaries. Pharm Various methods of extracting the medicinal • Sugar, Honey & Glycerine will have sol- properties have plants have been developed vent properties between water & alcohol, over the years, and current technological and act as valuable preservatives when advancements have expanded options for clini- making syrups, oxymels & elixirs. cians in many ways. Many preparations may be for either internal Different herbal preparations will release dif- or external use and the following forms will be ferent healing properties, and thus the effect of explored in more detail in this chapter: the plant itself. With our modern knowledge of Capsule ...... 74 pharmacology we can make conscious choices as to which process we use to release the Castor Oil Pack ...... 74 biochemical constituents for healing. Cream (Lotion) ...... 75 However, we should not neglect the traditional Decoction ...... 76 forms of using herbs by our ancestors, which Elixir ...... 76 often involves using the whole plant and not Emulsions ...... 76 merely it’s individual constituents. It’s impor- tant to remember that the medicinal property Food ...... 7 of any herb is not just the sum of the actions of Fomentation (compress) ..76 the various chemicals present. Glycerine ...... 77 In the words of David Hoffman “There is a syn- Infusion ...... 77 ergy at work that acts to create a therapeutic whole that is more than the sum of it’s parts”. Infused Oil ...... 78 If the method of preparation destroys or loses Liniment ...... 79 part of the whole, much of the plant’s healing Ointment (Salve) ...... 79 power can be lost. Poultice ...... 79 Extraction is the procedure by which the soluble portion of a plant is separated from the Suppository & Pessary .... 80 inert matter. The major ways this is done is Syrup ...... 80 through solvents such as: Tincture ...... 81 • Water which will extract only water-solu- Vinegar & Oxymel ...... 83 ble constituents such as polysaccharides SRO\SKHQROLFV HJWDQQLQVÀDYRQRLGV Wine ...... 83 VDOLF\ODWHV DQGDUHXVHGWRPDNHLQIX- sions & decoctions. • Alcohol which will extract all fat-soluble constituents such as resin, saponins, oils & alkaloids, as well as the water soluble ones. The most commonly used solvent is vodka, but vinegar or other spirits can be used to make tinctures & macerations. Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Pharmacy | 73 Herbal Pharmacy Pharm Capsules are dry herbal preparations can How to make Herbal Capsules: be taken as pills/capsules or tablets. 1. Acquire gelatin capsules in the size de- 'U\KHUEVDUH¿UVWJURXQGWRD¿QHSRZGHU sired (a capsule sized 00 with hold about WKHQRIWHQXVHGWR¿OOJHODWLQFDSVXOHV PDGH JRIKHUE IURPHLWKHUDQLPDORUYHJHWDEOHE\SURGXFWV 2. 3RZGHUKHUEVDV¿QHO\DVSRVVLEOHHLWKHU The standard size capsule is called “00” and in a processor or with a mortar & pestle provides approximately the equivalent dose of DFWLYHPDWHULDODVPORIWLQFWXUHRUFXSRI 3. 3ODFHWKHSRZGHUHGKHUEVLQDÀDWGLVK infusion or decoction. The general dosage of and take the halves of the capsules apart capsules is 1 x “OO” three times daily. Move the halves of the capsules through Advantages: WKHSRZGHU¿OOLQJWKHPLQWKHSURFHVV • No concerns of palatability & poor taste Push the halves together leading to non-compliance. However, tasting the herbs (even though unpleas- DQW LVVRPHWLPHVQHFHVVDU\LQRUGHUIRU Note: In pharmaceutical supply stores it is WKHPWRIXOO\H[SUHVVWKHLUDFWLRQV possible to buy small plastic machines which JUHDWO\VSHHGXSWKHSURFHVVRI¿OOLQJFDSVXOHV • Inexpensive to produce and which ensure that each capsule contains • Convenient for the patient the same amount of herb as the next. Disadvantages: • The plant’s constituents are not always as readily available for easy absorption. In a process like infusion, heat & water help to break down the plant’s cell walls & dissolve the constituents, something that is not always guaranteed during the digestive process of the stomach & VPDOOLQWHVWLQHHVSHFLDOO\LQLQÀDP- matory bowel conditions. When the constituents are already dissolved in a liquid form, they are considered to be more bioavailable, and can begin their Castor Oil Pack actions in the body sooner. &DVWRURLOVSDFNV &23V DUHDSSOLHGWRSLFDOO\ • There is no way to preserve the herbs, over a variety of areas and left in place to do which may oxidize & lose their potency their work. RUHOVHSUHVHUYDWLYHVPD\EHDGGHG The necessity of the patient to stop moving • ,WLVGLI¿FXOWWRDVVHVVTXDOLW\ SRWHQF\ around for the duration of application can be through organoleptic inspection of part of the healing process. They are one of capsules & tablets. the simplest and most effective means of using • Gelatin capsules are often made from herbal oil topically. The oil need not be infused animal by-products. ZLWKDQRWKHUKHUE EXWFDQEH DQGLVDEVRUEHG into the skin and circulation to do its work. 74 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Pharmacy A castor oil pack treatment provides a soothing, Creams (Lotions) cleansing, and relaxing treatment that promotes A Cream or Lotion is an emulsion oil & water, immune function via a gentle lymphatic stimula- with the medicinal phases being in either or tion wherever it is applied, tonifying internal Pharm both bases. They are usually miscible with RUJDQVDQGHQKDQFLQJWKHÀRZDQGHOLPLQDWLRQ the secretions of the skin and therefore the processes of the blood and lymphatics. active portion is absorbed by the body as well They are often used over: as working on the surface, often having emol- • The abdomen for pelvic congestion of lient & vulnerary effects. DQ\NLQG HJ¿EURLGVG\VPHQRUUKHD Making your own creams (for cosmetic or FRQVWLSDWLRQ PHGLFLQDOSXUSRVHV LVDFKDOOHQJHZHOOZRUWK • The liverWRKHOSZLWKGHWR[L¿FDWLRQ mastering, with an endless variety of ingredi- ents to choose from. • Any area of muscle soreness, spasm, RULQÀDPPDWLRQ How to make a Cream/Lotion: 0DNH aFXS RILQIXVLRQRUGHFRFWLRQ • Any area of tissue congestion to dis- 1. solve swollen masses of various types with choice of herbs HJ¿EURLGV 2. +HDW a7 KHUEDOLQIXVHGRLORQORZDQG VORZO\PHOWLQ a7 EHHVZD[ How to do a Castor Oil Pack: 1. Fold cotton or wool cloth so that it is an 3. Cool both down and pour into blender appropriate size to cover recommended Whip until thick and creamy body area. Cool completely in fridge, then blend 2. Pour oil onto area so that it is well again moistened, but not dripping and cover Dispense into jars and refrigerate with cloth. 3. Place hot water bottle over the cloth (optional: cover with the towel to hold everything in place and to help insulate WKHKHDW Relax with the castor oil pack in place IRUPLQXWHV WDNHWKLVWLPHWRUHOD[ IXOO\ Remove the pack and, if necessary, cleanse the area. NOTE: Castor oil should not be taken internally, applied to broken skin or used over the abdo- men during pregnancy or menstruation unless prescribed by physician. Also note that castor oil can stain clothing and sheets. Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Pharmacy | 75 Herbal Pharmacy Pharm Decoctions 1. Rinse herbs thoroughly & place in jar $UHZDWHUEDVHGH[WUDFWLRQVWKDWDUHVSHFL¿- 2. Fill with brandy or other distilled liquor cally used for hard & woody parts of plants 3. Let jar sit in cool dark place for 1 month such as roots, rhizomes, wood, bark, nuts DJLWDWHLI\RXZLVK & seeds. These plant parts have tougher cell walls that require a stronger extraction Take 1 tsp a day as a general tonic WRHQVXUHWKDWWKHLUDFWLYH ZDWHUVROXEOH constituents are effectively extracted. Emulsions The process of “Decocting” involves bringing herbs & water to a boil, then reducing to a $UHPL[WXUHVRIQRUPDOO\LPPLVFLEOHÀXLGV HJ simmer with a lid on for 20 minutes up to RLO ZDWHU XVLQJWKHKHOSRIDQHPXOVLI\LQJ several hours or even overnight. DJHQW XVXDOO\DFDFLDJXPRUFRFRQXWRLO ZKLFK reduces the surface tension between water & How to make a Decoction RLODQGDOORZVIRUJUHDWHUFRDOHVFHQFHRIÀXLGV 1. Add 1 tbsp of herb per cup of water to increasing the surface charge of the oil to bet- saucepan (If large quantities are made, ter attract water to it. XVHJKHUEVIRUHDFK/RIZDWHU The most common use of an emulsion is to 2. Cover with lid, bring to a boil and simmer administer essential or volatile oils internally. IRUDWOHDVWPLQ FDQGRORQJHU How to make an Emulsion 3. Strain while hot & enjoy. 1. 3ODFHSDUWHPXOVL¿HUWRSDUWVRLOLQD Notes on making Decoctions: bone dry mortar and stir with pestle till thoroughly mixed • Fresh roots should be doubled in quantity. 2. Add 2 parts water and stir in one direction only until the mixture reaches desired • If preparing a blend requiring some plant certain consistency SDUWVEHGHFRFWHG VRPHLQIXVHG¿UVW make your decoction and use it as the 3. Add essential oil if desired liquid to pour over herbs to be infused. • Ideally your saucepan should be glass, Note: This is called a primary emulsion and ceramic or earthenware (not aluminum much water can be added to it to dilute it from RURWKHUPHWDOV its original strength for internal use. Up to 1L of water can be added and taken in small doses as needed. Elixirs Are often aromatic & rejuvenating tonics that have a quite sweet taste, as they’re usu- Fomentation (compress) ally made with a combination of sugar (honey A fomentation is a topical preparation that al- RUFXWXSIUXLW GLVWLOOHGVSLULWV RIWHQEUDQG\ lows a herbs active ingredients to be absorbed Formulas are made to taste and will differ directly through the skin. from other preparations in that usually ,WLVSUHSDUHGE\¿UVWPDNLQJDVWURQJLQIXVLRQ the herbs are left in the mixture instead of or decoction and saturating a cloth with the strained out. liquid to be applied wherever is desired. How to make an Elixir: 76 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Pharmacy They are primarily used to: 3. Add 300 ml distilled water • Stimulate local circulation (Rubefacient &DSMDUWLJKWO\DQGDJLWDWHGDLO\IRU HIIHFW WRVRRWKH ZDUPVWLIIPXVFOHV days Pharm joints Strain, press & store • Reduce pain, congestion & edema in DFXWHLQÀDPPDWLRQV • Draw out abscesses Infusion (tea) Traditionally considered as a cup of tea, infu- sions are water-based extractions that extract How to make a Fomentation water-soluble constituents and are prepared 1. Decoct or infuse herbs in water for a from more delicate plant parts such as PLQLPXPRIPLQXWHVWKHQVWUDLQDQG OHDYHVÁRZHUVRUJUHHQVWHPV let cool slightly Infusions may be the simplest & most com- 2. Saturate clean cloth in liquid for 10 mon method of herbal preparation. They may minutes be drunk hot or cold, and boiling water is not always necessary or desirable depending on 3. Wring out excess liquid and apply to the herb being use. desired area for at least 30 minutes and/ or up to overnight Apart from their medicinal use, the act of preparing herbal infusions make a wonderful addition to one’s lifestyle as a whole, as they Glycerites KDYHWKHEHQH¿WRIEHLQJHDV\ HQMR\DEOHWR prepare. Glycerine or glycerol is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid with a very sweet taste. Veg- How to make an Infusion: etable glycerine is usually made from coconut 1. Add 1 tsp-tbsp dried herb to cup oil, however it is always prudent to inquire with your supplier if you have concerns about 2. Pour 1 cup of nearly boiling over herb sourcing. 3. Cover cup with lid and leave to steep for PLQXWHV Glycerine can be used as solvent to make or add to tinctures (having solvent abilities some- Strain & enjoy ZKHUHEHWZHHQDOFRKRO ZDWHU DVWKHPHGLFL- nal constituents in suspension can ameliorate the harsh taste or effects of tannins. It can also be used to preserve a fresh expressed plant MXLFHLQWKHSURSRUWLRQ LH JO\FHULQH They are commonly used for children because of their sweet taste, and can be added to poultices & suppositories for their emollient qualities. How to make a Glycerite: 1. 3ODFHJ¿QHO\FKRSSHGJURXQGRUSRZ- dered herb in jar 2. $GGPOJO\FHULQ Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Pharmacy | 77 Herbal Pharmacy Pharm Notes on making infusions: Infused Oil • The difference between a medicinal Can be used in various ways in herbal phar- tea and a pleasure tea has to do with macy both topically & internally. quantity of herb used & a more lengthy Various herbal preparations require the use of a steeping time. Generally, the stronger carrier oil, and infusing our oils provides added the infusion, the stronger it’s medicinal WKHUDSHXWLFEHQH¿WVZKHWKHULW¶VWRDVDOYHRUD potency. salad dressing. • Can be sweetened to taste with a bit of When choosing an oil it’s important to consider honey or juice. whether the oil will be used topically or inter- • It’s best to prepare infusions as needed nally and if heat will be required in it’s prepara- since they have the potential to oxidize tion (Note that the less saturated the fat or oil, & spoil rather quickly. They will usually WKHPRUHOLNHO\LWLVWRR[LGL]H ([DPSOHVRIRLOV NHHSIUHVKIRUXSWRKRXUVKRZHYHU that can be infused with herbs include: if there is any sign of fermentation or • Olive spoiling it should be discarded. • Apricot kernel • Up to 30 g of dried herb may be used in • Avocado PORIZDWHUDQGVWHHSLQJWLPHFDQ • Almond ODVWXSWRKRXUV LGHDOO\LQWKHIULGJH • Coconut • Castor • Cold water extracts are often used to help preserve constituents such as mu- Some examples of medicinally infused oils cilage and will create a milder medicine include: • Fresh herbs can be tripled in quantity. • &DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV 0DULJROG DSSOLHGWR eczema, psoriasis or diaper rash • Avoid steeping in aluminum pots. Stain- 6W-RKQ¶V:RUW less steel, ceramic, clay, porcelain or • Hypericum perforatum glass are ideal. applied to sunburn or herpes outbreaks • Herbs rich in volatile oils should not be • Verbascum thapsus 0XOOHLQ DSSOLHGWR subjected to strong or lengthy heat eardrum in otitis media • Infusions can be gently reheated before • 6\PSK\WXPRI¿FLQDOLV &RPIUH\ XVHGDV consumption (Microwaves are not the base for a healing salve UHFRPPHQGHG • Thymus vulgaris 7K\PH DVDVDODG • NOTE: Sun & moon teas are delightful dressing or chest rub. ways to encourage patients to consume How to make an Infused Oil their teas even in the hot of summer. 1. Sterilize a jar with boiling water & ensure These can be made by placing a clear it is completely dry & free of moisture glass jar of cold water & herb, covered, in a spot that will receive at least several 2. Loosely pack jar with fresh or dried herbs hours of sun or moonlight. The taste will 3. Pour oil to the top of the jar & cover be pleasantly different – milder, but more with cheesecloth & elastic band to allow fragrant. moisture to escape /HWVWDQGIRUZHHNVLQDGDUNSODFH agitate daily 78 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Pharmacy Strain off into another sterilized jar and chapped lips & skin, and will help heal minor use as desired. cuts & abrasions. Note: For a faster method, heat herbs & oil How to make an Ointment or Salve: Pharm over low heat or in a double boiler or crockpot 1. 3ODFHPORIKHUEDOLQIXVHGRLOLQD on lowest setting for at least 3 hours and up to double boiler overnight. 2. $GGJRIJUDWHGEHHVZD[ 3. Once beeswax has melted pour into Liniment directly into dispensing jars Are liquids intended for external use only, Salve will harden as it cools (do not seal having anodyne and/or rubefacient effects MDUV useful for a variety of rheumatic complaints such as muscle & joint pain. They are made much like a tincture, using Poultice a medium such as alcohol or vinegar that Are topical applications that use dried or is quickly absorbed into the skin, carrying moistened herbs applied directly to the skin. the medicine into the tissues while the liquid evaporates off. They are frequently used for their rubefa- cient, vulnerary, antimicrobial, and/or How to make a Liniment: drawing effects (e.g. to pull out infected 1. A simple liniment can be made by mixing PDWWHURUIRUHLJQERGLHV 2 parts of any tincture to 1 part isopropyl They can be applied hot or cold, and techni- alcohol or vinegar. cally some saliva mixed with crushed herbal 2. To enhance rubefacient effects, apply PDWWHUZLOOGRWKHWULFNIRUDSRXOWLFHLQDSLQFK using friction over the affected area. How to make a Poultice Note: Do not apply over open or acutely 1. Make a strong infusion, decoction or LQÀDPHGVNLQ ZRXQGV paste using desired herb 2. Strain liquid if required and apply the Ointment (Salve) herbal matter directly over the af- fected area (the herbs can be placed Are topical semi-solid preparations containing in a muslin bag or wrapped in piece of the plants medicinal properties in a non-aque- FKHHVHFORWK RXVEDVH RLO EHHVZD[ 7KH\DUHQRWXVXDOO\ miscible with skin secretions and therefore are Note: A poultice can be left in place for protective primarily on the surface, however the several hours depending on the individual oil will penetrate the skin while the beeswax provides an occlusive barrier layer. They are often used for their vulnerary & emollient effects, which are healing to dry or Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Pharmacy | 79 Herbal Pharmacy Pharm circumstances, but should be monitored & Syrups removed if the patient expresses any feelings Are medicated solutions that use either honey of discomfort. or sugar (and sometimes other aqueous Suppository & Pessaries OLTXLGV DVDVROYHQW SUHVHUYDWLYH7KH\FDQ be combined alongside almost any other herbal Are external preparations made in essentially preparations. the same way, using a lipid base (often cocoa EXWWHUDQGRUJO\FHULQH ZLWKWKHDGGLWLRQRI They are useful for carrying & improving the KHUEV H[WUDFWVRUZKROHKHUE YDU\LQJRQ taste of other medicinal agents (are more palat- the condition being treated. In a sense they DEOHGXHWRWKHLUVZHHWQHVV DQGFDQSURYLGH are taken internally in as much as they are nutritional value as a carbohydrate source. inserted into the body such that: How to Make a Syrup • Suppositories are inserted rectally 1. Place 2 parts sugar to 1 part herbal infu- HJIRUKHPRUUKRLGV sion or decoction into a sterilized mason • Pessaries are inserted vaginally (e.g. jar IRUFDQGLGLDVLV 2. Securely cap bottle (avoids loss of any Of major importance in their preparation is volatile principles throughout the prepara- the composition of a good base, which ideally WLRQSURFHVV should: 3. Place in water bath until sugar is com- • Remain solid at room temperature pletely dissolved. • Melt at normal body temperature • Be a non-irritant to the body • Be stable on storage and when com- bined with the herbal materials • Be suitable for fat and/or water soluble constituents depending on desired therapeutic effects How to make a Suppository or Pessary: 1. Melt base over low heat and add herbs, stirring often (approximately 3 parts EDVHWRSDUWKHUE 2. Pour into prepared molds and put in freezer to harden 3. Remove & partially thaw (for about ½ KRXU EHIRUHXVH Note: While it is possible to form these by hand, it is faster and neater to use reusable molds, which also makes packaging & storage HDVLHU%HIRUH¿OOLQJWKHPROGVKRXOGEHOXEUL- cated with almond oil then inverted to drain. 80 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbal Pharmacy Tinctures EtoH % Required by Constituent Are alcohol-based preparations which acts as Mucilage - generally insoluble in alcohol. If a better solvent & preservative than water, and you add a mucilaginous tincture to one with Pharm can be made using either fresh or dried herb a high level of alcohol the mucilage may and using any plant of the plant desired. precipitate out and form a slug. The most common solvent used is vodka (how- Bitters -PRVWELWWHUFRPSRXQGV HYHUYLQHJDURUJO\FHULQHFDQDOVREHXVHG DV will extract it allows the preparation to have a longer shelf Volatile OilsVROXEOHLQDOFRKRO life and will extract both fat & water soluble DQG¿[HGRLOVVOLJKWO\VROXEOHLQZDWHU constituents. VWHDPGLVWLOODWLRQ 6ROXELOLW\LVLQFUHDVHG NOTE: Certain types of alcohol are not meant with heat. for human consumption (such as rubbing alco- GlycosidesYDU\LQVROXELOLW\ hol. Vinegars will not have as long a shelf-life Most are soluble in water & alcohol ORQJHULIUHIULJHUDWHG DQGPD\QRWEHVWURQJ enough to extract non-polar constituents such TanninsVROXEOHLQZDWHUDOVRLQ as volatile oils & resins. alcohol & glycerine. Including glycerine will stabilize the tannins in the tincture so they Tinctures are much stronger, volume for vol- will not precipitate out taking any alkaloids ume than infusions & decoctions therefore the with them dosage to be take is much smaller depending on the herb. SaponinsSDUWLDOO\VROXEOHLQ water and more so in dilute alcohol They can be made either by maceration or percolation WHFKQLFDOO\UHIHUUHGWRDVDÀXLG Alkaloids$UHJHQHUDOO\SRRUO\ H[WUDFW PHWKRGVDQGXVHGLQDYDULHW\RIZD\V soluble in water and are better extracted taken alone or mixed with water, added to a in alcohol bath or tea, mixed with an oil or ointment, or Resins - VROXEOHLQDOFRKRO added to lozenges & suppositories. insoluble in water The quantity of alcohol in a tincture is written DVDSHUFHQWDJH HJRU DQGVKRXOG DOZD\VEHDPLQLPXPRIWRHQVXUHVWHULO- LW\$KLJKHUSHUFHQWDJHVXFKDV FDQEH achieved through several grain alcohols and will extract the resins in plants such as Zingiber off. & Calendula off, however most extracts will EHVXLWDEOHLQWKHUDQJH &DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV 0DULJROG Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Pharmacy | 81 Tinctures Pharm Advantages of Tinctures Calculate the percentage of alcohol re- • More concentrated dosing TXLUHGLQ\RXUPHQVWUXXPIRUWKHHI¿FLHQW extraction & preservation • 0RUHFRQVWLWXHQWVHI¿FLHQWO\H[WUDFWHG with minimal processing Add alcohol to jar along with remaining required menstruum volume, ensuring • More lengthy preservation of extract herbs are completely covered, and seal • 0RUHUHDGLO\DEVRUEHG ELRDYDLODEOH tightly. • Convenience & versatility Label with the date, name of the herb, w/v UDWLRVROYHQW V XVHGDQGWKHLUSHUFHQW- ages using an indelible marker. Disadvantages of Tinctures 7. $JLWDWHMDUWLPHVGDLO\IRUDWOHDVW • Contain alcohol. A problem for certain days. people for health or religious reasons. 8. Strain by pressing or squeezing the marc There can be sensitivities and it is a WR¿OWHURII\RXUOLTXLG consideration in pregnancy and liver pancreatic or other diseases. 9. Store in airtight dark glass in a moderately cool place • Compliance issues due to palatability. Notes on Making Tinctures: How to Make a Tincture %\0DFHUDWLRQ • When tinctures are prepared profession- When making a tincture the herbal matter DOO\VSHFL¿FZDWHUDOFRKROSURSRUWLRQV is referred to as the marc and the combina- are required, however the folk method of tion of water and/or alcohol is called the tincture making requires less calculations menstruum. and is still incredibly effective, especially Depending on the herb, they are made ac- for at home use. This can be accom- FRUGLQJWRDVSHFL¿FUDWLRRIPDUF ZHLJKWRI SOLVKHGE\URXJKO\¿OOLQJDMDUIXOOZLWK KHUELQJUDPV WRPHQVWUXXP YROXPHRIOLTXLG KHUE¿OOLQJLWWRWKHWRSZLWKYRGNDDQG LQPOV 7KHPRVWHIIHFWLYHSURSRUWLRQVRIPDUF processing the preparation as described to menstruum for each herb are written as above. UDWLRVWUHQJWKVVXFKDV HWF • It is best to use an alcohol such as vodka and are found within each individual herbs RIDWOHDVW SURRI monograph. These ratio strengths are based upon the desired constituents to be extracted. • In tincture form plants that are high in alkaloids and/or tannins should not be 127( $WLQFWXUHPDGHWRD VWUHQJWKLV mixed, as tannins generally bind with FRQVLGHUHGDÀXLGRUOLTXLGH[WUDFW alkaloids to form insoluble compounds, 1. Coarsely grind or powder the herb, al- rendering your medicine rather inert. lowing for greater surface area & optimal coverage by the menstruum 2. Weigh out herb and place in glass jar 3. Calculate the total volume of menstruum required to make your desired ratio strength based on your weight of herb 82 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Vinegar & Wine Vinegar & Oxymels Herbal Wine 'HSHQGLQJRQWKHNLQGYLQHJDULVDERXW Herbal wines are a traditional and pleasant acetic acid, and can acts as a solvent to extract way to ingest herbal medicines. They will Pharm water soluble & some fat-soluble plant constitu- extract both water & fat soluble constituents in ents for both internal & topical applications. moderate amounts. Their preservative effect When taken internally vinegars (especially un- is not as lasting as the distilled alcohols, so SDVWHXUL]HGDSSOHFLGHUYLQHJDU DUHRIWHQXVHG refrigeration is necessary. to promote digestion & support liver health, How to make a Herbal Wine: and as acetic acid is primarily excreted via the 1. Combine herbs & wine in a jar & screw lungs, kidney & skin, these preparations will lid on tightly often act as alteratives, having mild expecto- rant, diuretic & diaphoretic effects. 2. $JLWDWHGDLO\IRUGD\V A vinegar extract can be useful if you do 3. Strain herbs & bottle not want to give any alcohol to the patient, Store in fridge & use within 1 week however, it will not keep as long as an alcoholic WLQFWXUH DERXWPRQWKV DQGZLOOVOLJKWO\OHVV PHGLFLQDOO\SRWHQW$OVRYLQHJDULVVRXU$ Sample herbal infused wine recipe disadvantage for some can be the taste, and so Honeysuckle, Yarrow & Boneset Infused Wine honey is may be added, making an Oxymel (a • 'U\ZKLWHZLQH 3LQRW*ULV*ULJLR SUHSDUDWLRQXVLQJERWKYLQHJDU KRQH\ • 1 Tablespoon organic honeysuckle ÀRZHUVGULHG • 1 Tablespoon organic yarrow leaf & How to Make a Herbal Vinegar: ÀRZHUVGULHG 1. Fill a glass sealable jar roughly 1/2 way • 1 Tablespoon organic boneset, dried with desired herbs • 1 teaspoon organic blue vervain, dried • Best served before a meal to stimulate 2. Add enough vinegar to cover herbs appetite completely and seal tightly 3. Label with the date & name of the herbs used $JLWDWHMDUWLPHVGDLO\IRUDWOHDVW days. Strain by pressing or squeezing the marc WR¿OWHURII\RXUOLTXLG Store in airtight dark glass in a moderately cool place 7. To make an Oxymel: add honey to vinegar to taste Eupatorium perfoliatum %RQHVHW Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Herbal Pharmacy | 83 References 1. Adusumilli P et al. The prevalence and predictors 32. De Smet PAGM. Health risks of herbal remedies: International. Herbals in Europe. London: IMS Parts of herbal medicine use in surgical patients. J Am An update. Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics Self-Medication International, 1998. &ROO6XUJ ± ± .HZ-HWDO$UVHQLFDQGPHUFXU\LQWR[LFDWLRQ 2. $PHULFDQ6RFLHW\RI$QHVWKHVLRORJLVWV $6$ 33. De Smet PAGM. Overview of herbal quality control. GXHWR,QGLDQHWKQLFUHPHGLHV%0- What you should know about herbal and dietary 'UXJ,QIRUP- ± ± supplement use and anesthesia. www.asahq. De Smet PAGM. Toxicological outlook on quality .XPDU6HWDO&KHPLVWU\DQG%LRORJLFDO$FWLYLWLHV org/patientEducation/herbPatient.pdf accessed assurance of herbal remedies. In: Adverse Effects of RI)ODYRQRLGV $Q2YHUYLHZ7KH6FLHQWL¿F:RUOG )HEUXDU\ Herbal Drugs, vol 1. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1992. Journal, 2013. 3. $QJOHH0.HWDO+HUEDOPHGLFLQHVDQGSHUL Diego Ize-Ludlow MD et al. Neurotoxicities in Lethaby, A. Phytoestrogens for menopausal RSHUDWLYHFDUH-$0$ ± infants seen with consumption of star anise tea. YDVRPRWRUV\PSWRPV 5HYLHZ 7KH&RFKUDQH Anon. Regulatory Situation of Herbal Medicines – 3HGLDWULFV H±H Library, Issue 12, 2013. a Worldwide Review. Geneva: WHO, 1998. EMEA Herbal Medicinal Products Committee. /LQGH.HWDO6W-RKQ¶V:RUWIRUGHSUHVVLRQ Barnes J et al. St. John’s Wort (Hypericum Public statement on the risks associated with the The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews SHUIRUDWXP/ DUHYLHZRILWVFKHPLVWU\ use of herbal products containing Aristolochia ,VVXH pharmacology and clinical properties. J Pharm species. www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/human/ Lord G et al. Nephropathy caused by Chinese Bauer R. Quality criteria and standardization KPSFHQSGI1RYHPEHU KHUEVLQWKH8./DQFHW ± of phytopharmaceuticals: Can acceptable drug 37. (UQVW(3LWWOHU0+7KHHI¿FDF\RIKHUEDOGUXJV Mahady GB et al. Botanical dietary supplements standards be achieved? Drug Inform J 1998, In: Herbal Medicine: a Concise Overview for usage in peri- and postmenopausal women. 32: 101–110. Professionals. London: Butterworth-Heinemann, 0HQRSDXVH ± 7. Bergonzi MC et al. Variability in the content of ± Mannel M. Drug interactions with St John’s Wort. the constituents of Hypericum perforatum L. 38. Ernst E, White AR. The BBC survey of 'UXJ6DIHW\ ± and some commercial extracts. Drug Dev Indust FRPSOHPHQWDU\PHGLFLQHXVHLQWKH8. McLesky CH et al. The incidence of herbal and 3KDUP ± &RPSOHPHQW7KHU0HG ± selected nutraceutical use in surgical patients. 8. %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG 39. Ernst E. Complementary medicine pharmacist. $QDHVWKHVLRORJ\ $ $ Herbs: Herbal Formulations for the Individual 3KDUP- ± 0HGLFLQHV$FW/HDÀHW 0$/ *XLGHOLQHVRQ Patient. Elsevier Science, 2003. Ernst E. Contamination of herbal medicines. 6DIHW\DQG(I¿FDF\5HTXLUHPHQWVIRU+HUEDO 9. %RQH.3ULQFLSOHVDQG3UDFWLFHVRI 3KDUP- ± Medicinal Products. Guidance Notes on Applications Phytotherapy: modern herbal medicine. Churchill (6&230RQRJUDSKV (XURSHDQ6FLHQWL¿F IRU3URGXFW/LFHQFHV ± Livingstone, 1999. &RRSHUDWLYHRQ3K\WRWKHUDS\ 7KH6FLHQWL¿F 70. Miller, A. Antioxidant Flavonoids: Structure, 10. %RQH.7KH8OWLPDWH+HUEDO&RPSHQGLXP Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products, Exeter. Function and Clinical Usage. Alt Med Review, Vol 1, A Desktop Guide for Herbal Prescribers. QGHGLWLRQ 1RSJ Phytotherapy Press, 2007. Evans, W. et al. Trease and Evans’ 71. Mills, S. The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety. 11. Brevoort P. The booming US botanical market. A Pharmacognosy. Elsevier Health Science, 2009. &KXUFKLOO/LYLQJVWRQH QHZRYHUYLHZ+HUEDOJUDP ± FDA Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. 72. Mitchell, W. Plant Medicine: The Bastyr Years, 12. Brevoort P. The US botanical market – an Dietary supplements. http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ 1999. RYHUYLHZ+HUEDOJUDP ± VXSSOPQWKWPO0DUFK 73. 0RRUH06SHFL¿F,QGLFDWLRQVIRU+HUEVLQ 13. Bruneton, J. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, )XMLWD.,)RRGGUXJLQWHUDFWLRQVYLDKXPDQ General Use. Southwest School of Botanical Medicinal Plants. Lavoisier; 2nd edition, 1999 F\WRFKURPH3$ &<3$ 'UXJ0HWDERO'UXJ Medicine, 1997. %XVVH:7KHVLJQL¿FDQFHRITXDOLW\IRUHI¿FDF\ ,QWHUDFW ± Pedersen, M. Nutritional Herbology: A Reference and safety of herbal medicinal products. Drug Gaedcke F, Steinhoff B. Legal provisions relating to Guide to Herbs. Whitman Publishing, 1998. ,QIRUP- ± WKHHI¿FDF\DQGVDIHW\RIKHUEDOPHGLFLQDOSURGXFWV Pengelly, A. The Constituents of Medicinal Plants: Busse, W. The Complete German Commission Attempts to harmonise the assessment criteria. In: An introduction to the chemistry and therapeutics E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Herbal Medicinal Products. Stuttgart: medpharm of herbal medicine, 2nd Ed. CABI Publishing, Medicines, 1998. *PE+6FLHQWL¿F3XEOLVKHUV ± 2[IRUGVKLUH8. Cabrera, C. Alkaloids A Therapeutic Approach Gaedcke F, Steinhoff B. Quality assurance of Program on breast cancer and environmental risk to Understanding their Chemistry and herbal medicinal products. In: Herbal Medicinal factors. Herbal medicines and breast cancer risk. Pharmacology, 2007. 3URGXFWV6WXWWJDUW PHGSKDUP*PE+6FLHQWL¿F KWWS HQYLURFDQFHUFRUQHOOHGXIDFWVKHHWGLHWIV 17. Cabrera, C. Mucilage and Polysaccharides: 3XEOLVKHUV ± KHUEDOFIP DFFHVVHG-DQXDU\ BINM Lecture Notes, 2013. Ganora, L. Herbal Constituents: Foundations of 77. Reminder: Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicines 18. Cabrera, C. Quinones, Napthaquinones & Phytochemsistry. HerbalChem Press, Louisville, DQGKHUEDOUHPHGLHV&XUUHQW3UREOHPV Anthraquinones: BINM Lecture Notes, 2008. CO, 2008. 30: 10. 19. Cabrera, C. Saponins, Steroids & Triterpenes Gray. B. The Boreal Herbal. Wild Food & Medicine 78. Riveiro, M. et al. Coumarins: Old Compounds with Pharmacology & Clinical Applications: BINM Plants of the North. Aroma Borealis, 2011. Novel Promising Therapeutic Perspectives. Current Lecture Notes, 2010. Green, J. The Herbal Medicine Maker’s Handbook. 0HGLFLQDO&KHPLVWU\SDJHV 20. Cabrera, C. Tannins: BINM Lecture Notes, 2010. Crossing Press, 2000. 79. Rogers G. Herb consumers’ attitudes, preferences 21. Cabrera, C. The Marvelous Phenol Molecule, +HDG.,VRÀDYRQHVDQGRWKHU6R\&RQVWLWXHQWVLQ SUR¿OHGLQQHZPDUNHWVWXG\+HUEDOJUDP 2010. Human Health and Disease. Alt Med Review. Vol 2, ± 22. Cabrera, C. Understanding Flavonoids and their QRSI 80. Santos, M. et al. Effects of different doses of soy Clinical Applications: BINM Lecture Notes, 2007. Heber, D. PDR for Herbal Medicines. PDR LVRÀDYRQHVRQERQHWLVVXHRIRYDULHFWRPL]HGUDWV 23. Cao, Y. et al. Safety Assessment of Food Network, 2007. &OLPDFWHULF SJ ± and Herbal Products containing Hepatotoxic Heinrich, M. et al. Fundamentals of 81. Siegers, C et al. Anthranoid laxative abuse a risk Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. Phytochem. Anal. 19: Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. Churchill IRUFRORUHFWDOFDQFHU"*XW ± Livingstone Press, 2012. 82. Slifman NR. Contamination of botanical dietary Chevalier, A. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. +RIIPDQ'+ROLVWLF+HUEDOUG(GLWLRQ8. supplements by Digitalis lanata. N Engl J Med 1998; 'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ General Books, 2002. ± Chyka, P. et al. Salicylate poisoning: An Hoffman, D. Medical Herbalism: the science 83. Sparreboom A et al. Herbal remedies in the evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of- and practice of herbal medicine. Healing Arts United States: Potential adverse interactions KRVSLWDOPDQDJHPHQW&OLQLFDO7R[LFRORJ\9RO Press, 2003. ZLWKDQWLFDQFHUDJHQWV-&OLQ2QFRO ± Hoffman, D. The Herbal Handbook: A User’s ± Corbin Winslow L. Herbs as medicines. Arch Guide to Medical Herbalism, 3rd Edition. Healing Spinella, M. The Psychopharmacology of Herbal ,QWHUQ0HG ± Arts Press, 1998. Medicine: Plant Drugs That Alter Mind, Brain, and 27. Cos P et al. Phytoestrogens: recent Holden W. Use of herbal remedies and potential Behavior. The MIT Press, 2001. GHYHORSPHQWV3ODQWD0HGLFD ± drug interactions in rheumatology outpatients. Ann Stenton SB et al. Interactions between warfarin 28. Coxeter PD et al. Herb-drug interactions: an 5KHXP'LV and herbal products, minerals and vitamins: a evidence based approach. Current Medicinal +X=HWDO+HUEGUXJLQWHUDFWLRQV'UXJV SKDUPDFLVW¶VJXLGH&DQ-+RVS3KDUP &KHPLVWU\ ± ± ± 29. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Huang SM et al. Drug interactions with herbal Tai YT et al. Cardiotoxicity after accidental *XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ3RVW products and grapefruit juice: A conference KHUELQGXFHGDFRQLWHSRLVRQLQJ/DQFHW 30. Davis, R. The Herbalist’s Guide to Botanical UHSRUW&OLQLFDO3KDUPDFRORJ\7KHUDSHXWLFV ± Research. Golden Root Botanical Medicine. 87. 7KRPDV.-HWDO8VHDQGH[SHQGLWXUHRQ 31. De Almeida, I et al. Spontaneous reversibility of Huntley A. Drug-herb interactions with herbal complementary medicine in England: a population damage to outer hair cells after sodium salicylate medicines for menopause. Journal British based survey. Complement Ther Med 2001; 9:2–11. induced ototoxicity. The Journal of Laryngology & 0HQRSDXVH6RFLHW\ ± 88. Tilgner, S. Herbal Medicine: from the heart of the 2WRORJ\9RO± ,QVWLWXWHRI0HGLFDO6WDWLVWLFV ,06 6HOI0HGLFDWLRQ earth. Wise Acres Publishing, Creswell, OR., 1999. 84 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Monographs ToC Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) ...... 86 +\VVRSXVRIÀFLQDOLV +\VVRS ...... 232 Aconitum napellus (Monkshood or Wolfbane) ...... 88 Inula helenium (Elecampane) ...... 234 Actacea (Cimicifuga) racemosa (Black Cohosh) ...... 90 Iris versicolor (Blue Flag) ...... 236 Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) ...... 92 Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) ...... 238 Agropyron repens (Couch grass) ...... 94 Juniperus communis (Juniper) ...... 240 Allium sativum (Garlic) ...... 96 Lactuca virosa (Wild Lettuce) ...... 242 Aloe spp. (Aloe vera/barbadensis) ...... 98 /DYDQGXODRIÀFLQDOLV /DYHQGHU ...... 244 $OWKHDRIÀFLQDOLV 0DUVKPDOORZ ...... 100 Leonurus cardiaca (Motherwort) ...... 246 Angelica archangelica (European angelica) ...... 102 Ligusticum porteri (Osha) ...... 248 Apium graveolens (Celery seed) ...... 104 Linum usitatissimum (Flax seed/Linseed) ...... 250 Arctium lappa (Burdock) ...... 106 /REHOLDLQÁDWD ,QGLDQ7RDEDFFR ...... 252 Arctostaphylos uva- ursi (Bearberry) ...... 108 Lomatium dissectum (Fern leaf) ...... 254 Arnica montana (Arnica) ...... 110 Lycopus virginicus (Bugleweed)...... 256 Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood) ...... 112 Matricaria recutita (German Chamomile) ...... 258 Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) ...... 114 Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) ...... 260 Astragalus membranaceus (Milk Vetch) ...... 116 0HOLORWXVRIÀFLQDOLV 6ZHHW&ORYHU ...... 262 Atropa belladonna (Deadly nightshade) ...... 118 0HOLVVDRIÀFLQDOLV /HPRQ%DOP ...... 264 Avena sativa (Oats) ...... 120 Mentha piperita (Peppermint) ...... 266 Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) ...... 122 Oplopanax horridus (Devil’s Club)...... 268 Baptisia tinctoria (Wild Indigo) ...... 124 Panax ginseng (Chinese or Korean Ginseng) ...... 270 Berberis aquifolium (Oregon Grape) ...... 126 3DVVLÁRUDLQFDUQDWD 3DVVLRQÁRZHU ...... 272 Betula pendula/alba (Birch) ...... 128 Phytolacca spp. (Pokeroot) ...... 274 %RUDJRRIÀFLQDOLV %RUDJH ...... 130 Pimpinella anisum (Aniseed) ...... 276 Boswellia serrata (Frankincense) ...... 132 Piper methysticum (Kava Kava) ...... 278 Brassica nigra/alba (Mustard) ...... 134 Piscidia erythrina (Jamaican Dogwood) ...... 280 Bryonia spp. (Bryony) ...... 136 Plantago lanceolata/major (Plantain) ...... 282 Bupleurum falcatum (Chinese thorowax) ...... 138 Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple) ...... 284 &DOHQGXODRIÀFLQDOLV 0DULJROG ...... 140 Populus candicans (Poplar/Balm of Gilead) ...... 286 Camellia sinensis (Green/Black Tea) ...... 142 Quercus alba (White Oak) ...... 288 Cannabis spp. (Marijuana) ...... 144 5DXZROÀDVHUSHQWLQD ,QGLDQ6QDNHURRW ...... 290 Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepard’s Purse) ...... 148 Rhamnus purshiana/frangula (Cascara, Buckthorn) ..292 Capsicum frutescens/annuum (Cayenne) ...... 150 Rheum palmatum (Turkey Rhubarb) ...... 294 Cassia angustifolia (Senna) ...... 152 Rhodiola rosea (Arctic Rose) ...... 296 Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue Cohosh) ...... 154 Ricinus communis (Castor bean) ...... 298 Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) ...... 156 5RVPDULQXVRIÀFLQDOLV 5RVHPDU\ ...... 300 Chamaelirium luteum (False Unicorn Root) ...... 158 Rubus idaeus (Red Raspberry) ...... 302 Chionanthus virginicus (Fringtree) ...... 160 Rumex crispus (Yellow Dock) ...... 304 Cinnamomum zeylanicum/verum (Cinnamon) ...... 162 Salix sp. (Willow) ...... 306 Coffea arabica (Coffee) ...... 164 Sambucus nigra/canadensis (Elder) ...... 308 Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) ...... 166 Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot) ...... 310 Coleus forskolii (Coleus) ...... 168 Schisandra chinensis (Schisandra) ...... 312 Commiphora molmol/myrrha (Myrrh) ...... 170 6FXWHOODULDODWHULÁRUD 6NXOOFDS ...... 314 Convallaria majalis (Lily of the Valley) ...... 172 Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) ...... 316 Crataegus oxycantha (Hawthorne) ...... 174 Smilax sp. (Sarsaparilla) ...... 318 Curcuma longa (Turmeric) ...... 176 6WDFK\VRIÀQFLDOLV :RRG%HWRQ\ ...... 320 Cynara scolymus (Artichoke) ...... 178 Stellaria media (Chickweed) ...... 322 Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) ...... 180 6\PSK\WXPRIÀFLQDOLV &RPIUH\.QLWERQH ...... 324 Dioscorea villosa (Wild Yam) ...... 182 7DUD[DFXPRIÀFLQDOLV 'DQGHOLRQ ...... 326 (FKLQDFHDVS &RQHÁRZHU ...... 184 7LOLDHXURSHD /LQGHQRU/LPHÁRZHU ...... 328 Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) ...... 186 Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae) ...... 330 Ephedra sinica (Ephedra/Ma Huang) ...... 188 Thymus vulgaris (Thyme) ...... 332 Equisteum arvense (Horsetail) ...... 190 Trifolium pretense (Red Clover) ...... 334 Eschscholzia californica (California Poppy) ...... 192 Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) ...... 336 Eupatorium perfoliatum (Boneset) ...... 194 Turnera diffusa (Damiana) ...... 338 Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) ...... 196 Tussilago farfara (Coltsfoot) ...... 340 Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) ...... 198 Ulmus fulva (Slippery Elm) ...... 342 Fucus vesiculosis (Kelp/Bladderwrack) ...... 200 Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle) ...... 344 Galium aparine (Cleavers) ...... 202 Usnea barbata (Old Man’s Beard) ...... 346 Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) ...... 204 Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) ...... 348 Gaultheria procumbens (Wintergreen) ...... 206 9DOHULDQDRIÀFLQDOLV 9DOHULDQ ...... 350 Gelsemium semperivrens (Yellow Jasmine) ...... 208 Verbascum thapsus (Mullein) ...... 352 Gentiana lutea (Gentian) ...... 210 9HUEHQDRIÀFLQDOLV 9HUYDLQ ...... 354 Geranium maculataum (American Cranesbill) ...... 212 Viburnum opulus (Crampbark) ...... 356 Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo) ...... 214 Viburnum prunifolium (Black Haw) ...... 358 Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) ...... 216 Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste-Tree Berry) ...... 360 *XDLDFXPRIÀFLQDOH /LIH+HDUW:RRG ...... 218 Withania somnifera (Ashwaghanda) ...... 362 Hamamelis virginiana (Witch hazel) ...... 220 Zanthoxylum americanum (Prickly Ash) ...... 364 Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil’s Claw) ...... 222 Zea mays (Corn silk) ...... 366 Humulus lupulus (Hops) ...... 224 =LQJLEHURIÀFLQDOLV *LQJHU ...... 368 Hydrastis canadensis (Goldenseal) ...... 226 Hyoscyamus niger (Henbane) ...... 228 Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) ...... 230 Monographs 85 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) P $HULDO OHDI ÀRZHU A 9RODWLOHRLO 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV C )ODYRQRLGV 7DQQLQV $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A $VWULQJHQW 'LDSKRUHWLF 8SSHUUHVSLUDWRU\WUDFWLQIHFWLRQZLWK fever I '\VPHQRUUKHDDQGRU0HQRUUKDJLD 1RVHEOHHGV EOHHGLQJRIPXFRXV PHP Constituents: Medicinal Actions: Flower: • $QWLKHPRUUKDJLF +HPRVWDWLF • 9RODWLOHRLO ERUQHROFDPSKRUWKXMRQH • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ FKDPD]XOHQHD]XOHQHOLQDORROOLPRQHQH • $QWLPLFURELDO FLQHROH VHVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV • $VWULQJHQW Leaf: • %LWWHUWRQLF • 7DQQLQV FRQGHQVHG K\GURO\]DEOH • &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF • )ODYRQRLGV DSLJHQLQOXWHROLQUXWLQ • 'LDSKRUHWLF • $ONDORLGV DFKLOOHWLQEHWRQLFLQHVWDFK\GULQH WULJRQHOOLQH • (PPHQDJRJXH • $FLGV DPLQRDVFRUELFFDIIHLFIROLF • )HEULIXJH VDOLF\OLFVXFFLQLF • $OWHUDWLYH • &\DQRJHQLFFRPSRXQGV • +\SRWHQVLYH • &RXPDULQV IXUDQRFRXPDULQV • 9XOQHUDU\ • %LWWHUSULQFLSOH DFKLOOHLQ 86 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) Medicinal uses: • 'ULHGKHUE J7,' • FlowersDUHRQHRIWKHEHVWGLDSKRUHWLF KHUEVDQGLVDVWDQGDUGUHPHG\IRUaiding Toxicity: the body to deal with fevers$VSHULSKHUDO • 9RODWLOHRLOFRQWDLQV thujoneZKLFKLVD FLUFXODWRU\VWLPXODQW,VERWKDrelaxant and A tonifying agent for the smooth muscle of QHXURWR[LFFRPSRXQG8VHZLWKFDXWLRQ the pelvic viscera • +LJKGRVHVPD\FDXVHKHDGDFKHV • LeafLVXVHGH[WHUQDOO\DQGZLOOaid in the SKRWRVHQVLWLYLW\DQGGHUPDWLWLV healing RIZRXQGV,WLVDVWULQJHQWDQGXVHG DVDKHPRVWDWLFLQDYDULHW\RIbleeding conditions associated with mucous Contraindications: membranes ZRXQGVXOFHUV • $OOHUJ\WR$VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\ Pharmacology: • 3UHJQDQF\DVLWKDVDPLOGXWHULQHVWLPXODQW Flowers: HIIHFW HPPHQDJRJXH DERUWLIDFLHQW • Volatile oils LQFOXGLQJWKXMRQH DUHDQWL • /RQJWHUPXVH PRQWKV PD\OHDGWR LQÀDPPDWRU\DQWLPLFURELDO F\WRWR[LF SKRWRVHQVLWLYLW\DQGVHQVLWLYHLQGLYLGXDOV PD\GHYHORSDUDVK • ThujoneLVSUHVHQWLQORZDPRXQWVKRZHYHU LQKLJKGRVHVLVWR[LFWRWKHQHUYRXVV\VWHP DQGDQDERUWLIDFLHQW/RZGRVHVDUHDQWL Interactions: IXQJDODQWLPLFURELDOHPPHQDJRJXHDQG • ,QFUHDVHVJXWPRWLOLW\WKXVPD\WKHRUHWLFDOO\ LPPXQRVWLPXODQW GHFUHDVHDEVRUSWLRQRIGUXJVLIWDNHQ Leaf: VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ • 7DQQLQVDUHDVWULQJHQW DQWLKHPRUUKDJLF References: %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH • )ODYRQRLGVDUHDQWLVSDVPRGLF DQWL ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ LQÀDPPDWRU\ 3RVW 'H6RX]D3HWDO+\SRWHQVLYHPHFKDQLVPRIWKHH[WUDFWVDQGDUWHPHWLQ LVRODWHGIURP$FKLOOHDPLOOHIROLXP/ $VWHUDFHDH LQUDWV3K\WRPHGLFLQH • $ONDORLGVbetonicine, stachydrine, -XO +HGOH\& Monographs 87 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Aconitum napellus (Monkshood or Wolfbane) P 5RRW A 7HUSHQRLGDONDORLGV DFRQLWLQH C 3KHQROLFDFLGV 6XJDUV VWDUFK $QRG\QH$QDOJHVLF A $QWLQHXUDOJLF $QWLUKHXPDWLF 1HXUDOJLDV WULJHPLQDOKHUSHV VFLDWLFD I 5KHXPDWLFSDLQV 2YDULDQF\VWV Medicinal uses: • ,VFRQVLGHUHGWREHDSRZHUIXOSRLVRQand is NOT TO BE USED INTERNALLY. • 7RSLFDODSSOLFDWLRQZLOOFDXVHORFDOL]HG DQRG\QHDQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWV LQFDVHVQHXUDOJLDHVSHFLDOO\WULJHPLQDO Constituents: QHXUDOJLDRWLWLVKHUSHV]RVWHUDQGRWKHU • 7HUSHQRLGDONDORLGV DFRQLWLQHDFRQLQH QHUYHUHODWHGSDLQ HJVFLDWLFD K\SDFRQLWLQHQHRSHOOLQHSLFUDFRQLWLQH QDSHOOLQHEHQ]R\ODFRQLQHWUDFHVRI HSKHGULQHDQGVSDUWHLQH Pharmacology: • $FLGV DFRQLWLFLWDFRQLF • Terpenoid alkaloids (aconitine) UHGXFH SHUPHDELOLW\RIQHUYHFHOOVWRVRGLXPWKHUHE\ • 6XJDUV 6WDUFK UHGXFLQJDELOLW\WRWUDQVPLWQHUYHLPSXOVHV WKXVDFWLQJDVDVHGDWLYHDQGSDLQNLOOHU Medicinal Actions: • 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH Pharmacy: • $QRG\QH$QDOJHVLF • 7RSLFDOXVH21/< • $QWLQHXUDOJLF • /LQLPHQW WLQFWXUHGLOXWHGLQ SDUWV • $QWLUKHXPDWLF ZLWFKKD]HODSSOLHGDVQHHGHG 88 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Aconitum napellus (Monkshood or Wolfbane) Toxicity: • 9(5<72;,&3/$172YHUGRVHLVSRWHQWLDOO\ OHWKDO $FFRUGLQJWR)HOWHU ³$FRQLWHLVDQ • 7R[LFHIIHFWVPD\EHVHHQZLWKJUHDWHUWKDQ HQHUJHWLFQDUFRWLFSRLVRQLQLPSURSHU GURSVRIWKHWLQFWXUH)DWDOGRVHVDUH GRVHVRFFDVLRQLQJV\PSWRPVRIJDVWULF A JPRISODQW PJDFRQLWLQH PORI LUULWDWLRQZLWKJUHDWGHSUHVVLRQRI WLQFWXUHPJRIDFRQLWLQH QHUYRXVHQHUJ\DQGEUDLQ´+HUEDOLVW 0LFKDHO0RRUHGHVFULEHVXVLQJ$FRQLWH • 7R[LFLW\V\PSWRPVDUH 1DXVHDDQGYRPLWLQJ LQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIWKHPXPSVYLUXV WLQJOLQJRUEXUQLQJIROORZHGE\QXPEQHVV XVLQJ DVDWRSLFDOORWLRQRISDUWV RIWKHPRXWKWKURDWDQGKDQGV GL]]LQHVV (FKLQDFHDWRSDUW$FRQLWXP UHVWOHVVQHVVORVVRIVSHHFKFRQWURO LQWHQVHKHDGDFKH SLQSRLQWSXSLOVEOXUUHG YLVLRQ VORZDQGZHDNSXOVH K\SRWHQVLRQ LUUHJXODUKHDUWEHDWDQGEUHDWKLQJ FKHVWSDLQ YHQWULFXODU¿EULOODWLRQLQDERXWKRXUV KRXUV VZHDWLQJDQGK\SWKHUPLD SDWLHQWLV FROGDQGFDQQRWVWDQG IDFHLVSDOHH[WUHPH DQ[LHW\ GLDUUKHDPXVFXODUZHDNQHVV FRQYXOVLRQDQGGHDWKGXHWRUHVSLUDWRU\ IDLOXUH Contraindications:,17(51$/86( Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ References: &KDQ7<$FRQLWXP$ONDORLG3RLVRQLQJ5HODWHGWRWKH&XOLQDU\8VHVRI$FRQLWH 5RRWV7R[LQV %DVHO 6HS &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW )X;HWDO>6WXG\RQFKHPLFDOFRPSRQHQWVRI$FRQLWXPÀDYXPDQGWKHLULQÀDP PDWRU\DQGDQDOJHVLFHIIHFWV@=KRQJ Monographs 89 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Actacea racemosa (Black Cohosh) P 5RRW 5KL]RPH A 7ULWHUSHQHJO\FRVLGHV 6DSRQLQV C ,VRÀDYRQHV IRUPRQRQHWLQ ,VRIHUXOLFDFLG 8WHULQH )HPDOH5HSURGXFWLYHWRQLF A $QWLUKHXPDWLF $QWLVSDVPRGLF 306 HJ'\VPHQRUUKHD I 0HQRSDXVDOV\PSWRPV 0XVFOHFUDPSV VSDVPV F Ranunculaceae Constituents: • 3K\WRHVWURJHQLF • 7ULWHUSHQHJO\FRVLGHV 6DSRQLQV DFWHLQ • 6HGDWLYH FLPLIXJRVLGHFLPLJHQRO FLPLFLIXJLQ • 8WHULQHWRQLF • ,VRÀDYRQHV IRUPRQRQHWLQ • ,VRIHUXOLFDFLG Medicinal uses: • 9RODWLOHRLO • $I¿QLW\WRPXVFXORVNHOHWDOUHVSLUDWRU\ • 7DQQLQ IHPDOHUHSURGXFWLYHV\VWHPV • $ONDORLGV • $QWLVSDVPRGLF DQDOJHVLFDFWLRQV • 6DOLF\ODWHV DUHXVHIXOIRUWUHDWLQJ306LQFOXGLQJ G\VPHQRUUKHDDQGXWHULQH¿EURLGV • 5HVLQ • +DVEHHQUHVHDUFKHGDQGXWLOL]HGH[WHQVLYHO\ • )ODYRQRLGV LQthe management of perimenopausal & menopausal symptomsLQFOXGLQJWKH FDUGLQDOYDVRPRWRUFOLPDFWHULFV\PSWRPVRI Medicinal Actions: KRWÀDVKHV QLJKWVZHDWVDQGWRLQKLELWWKH • $QWLUKHXPDWLF GHYHORSPHQWRIRVWHRSRURVLV • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • 'RFXPHQWHGHVWURJHQLFHIIHFWVKDYHEHHQ IRXQGWRVXSSUHVVKRWÀDVKHVDQGORZHU/+ • 'LXUHWLF EXWQRW)6+OHYHOV$UHGXFWLRQLQ/+PD\ • (PPHQDJRJXH FDXVHDUHVXOWLQJUHGXFWLRQLQSURJHVWHURQH 90 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Actacea racemosa (Black Cohosh) Pharmacology: Interactions: • 0DLQHIIHFWVDUHOLNHO\DWWULEXWDEOHWRWKH • 3RWHQWLDODGGLWLYHHIIHFWVZLWKDQHVWKHWLFV V\QHUJLVPRIWKHWULWHUSHQHV ÁDYRQH DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHVRUVHGDWLYHV derivatives.7KHVHFRPSRXQGVDUHEHOLHYHG WRDIIHFWWKHK\SRWKDODPXVDQGYDVRPRWRU A FHQWHUVUHVXOWLQJLQGHFUHDVHG/+VHFUHWLRQ References %XUJR\QH%%ODFN&RKRVK %UHDVW&DQFHU0HWDVWDVHV"0HGLKHUE $ DQGUHOLHIRIDVVRFLDWHGPHQRSDXVDO 3K\WRWKHUDSLVW¶VSHUVSHFWLYH1R6HSWHPEHU &KHQ-HWDO(I¿FDF\DQGVDIHW\RIUHPLIHPLQRQSHULPHQRSDXVDOV\PSWRPV V\PSWRPV LQGXFHGE\SRVWRSHUDWLYH*Q5+DWKHUDS\IRUHQGRPHWULRVLV DUDQGRPL]HG VWXG\YHUVXVWLERORQH0HG6FL0RQLW2FW 'UHZH-HWDO7KHHIIHFWRID&LPLFLIXJDUDFHPRVDH[WUDFWV=HLQWKH • ,VRÁDYRQHVKDYHVKRZSK\WRHVWURJHQLF WUHDWPHQWRIFOLPDFWHULFFRPSODLQWVDQREVHUYDWLRQDOVWXG\3K\WRPHGLFLQH HIIHFWVDQGVXSSUHVVLRQRI/+UHOHDVH -XQ 'UHZH-HWDO$V\VWHPDWLFUHYLHZRIQRQKRUPRQDOWUHDWPHQWVRIYDVRPRWRU LQPHQRSDXVDOZRPHQ7KHLVRÀDYRQH V\PSWRPVLQFOLPDFWHULFDQGFDQFHUSDWLHQWV6SULQJHUSOXV)HE *PHQZDOG-6WDQGDUGL]HG%ODFN&RKRVK([WUDFW&OLQLFDO0RQRJUDSK+HUEDO IRUPRQRQHWLQKDVEHHQVXJJHVWHGWREHDQ 5HVHDUFK5HYLHZ4XDUWOHUO\UHYLHZRI1DWXUDO0HGLFLQH 3J -LDQJ%HWDO6WDELOLW\RIEODFNFRKRVKWULWHUSHQHJO\FRVLGHVDQGSRO\SKHQROV HVWUDGLROFRPSHWLWLYHDQWDJRQLVWE\ELQGLQJWR SRWHQWLDOFOLQLFDOUHOHYDQFH3K\WRPHGLFLQH$SU /LVNH(HWDO3K\VLRORJLFDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQRIDXQLTXHH[WUDFWRIEODFNFRKRVK HVWURJHQUHFHSWRUVEXWQRWDFWLYDWLQJWKHP &LPLFLIXJDHUDFHPRVDHUKL]RPD DPRQWKFOLQLFDOVWXG\GHPRQVWUDWHV QRV\VWHPLFHVWURJHQLFHIIHFW-:RPHQV+HDOWK*HQG%DVHG0HG • &LPLFLIXJRVLGHLQKLELWVO\PSKRF\WH 0DU 0HUFKDQW6 6WHEELQJ-%ODFNFRKRVKKRWÀXVKHVDQGEUHDVWFDQFHU EODVWRJHQHVLVKDVDQLPPXQRVXSSUHVVLYH /DQFHW2QFRO)HE 5RVV6(I¿FDF\RIDVWDQGDUGL]HGLVRSURSDQROLFEODFNFRKRVK $FWDHD DFWLYLW\RQ%FHOOVIXQFWLRQDQGPD\LQKLELW7 UDFHPRVD H[WUDFWLQWUHDWPHQWRIXWHULQH¿EURLGVLQFRPSDULVRQZLWKWLERORQH FHOOIXQFWLRQDWKLJKHUGRVHV DPRQJSDWLHQWVZLWKPHQRSDXVDOV\PSWRPV+ROLVW1XUV3UDFW1RY 'HF :XWWNH:HWDO7KHQRQHVWURJHQLFDOWHUQDWLYHIRUWKHWUHDWPHQWRIFOLPDFWHULF • 1RWH 6RPHVWXGLHVLQGLFDWHH[WUDFWVGR FRPSODLQWV %ODFNFRKRVK &LPLFLIXJDRU$FWDHDUDFHPRVD -6WHURLG%LRFKHP QRWELQGWRHVWURJHQUHFHSWRUVDQGZDV 0RO%LRO-DQ WKXVGHYRLGRIHVWURJHQLFHIIHFWVGHVSLWH VLJQL¿FDQWFKDQJHVLQWKHOHYHOVRIRWKHU J\QHFRORJLFDOO\UHOHYDQWKRUPRQHV(IIHFWLYH FRPSRXQGVZHUHFRQFOXGHGPRVWOLNHO\ WREHQHXURWUDQVPLWWHUPLPHWLFLQQDWXUH GRSDPLQHUJLFQRUDGUHQHUJLFVHURWRQLQHUJLF DQG*$%$HUJLF Pharmacy: • 'HFRFWLRQ JFXSZDWHUVLPPHUPLQ FXS7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ PD[ • &DSVXOHV PJ4' Toxicity:0D\FDXVHDGYHUVHHIIHFWV VHGD WLRQK\SRWHQVLRQQDXVHDGL]]LQHVV IURQWDO KHDGDFKHVDUHQRWXQFRPPRQ Contraindications: (DUO\SUHJQDQF\ Monographs 91 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) P 6HHG)UXLW %DUN A 6DSRQLQV DVHFLQHVFLQ C &RXPDULQV 7DQQLQV FRQGHQVHG K\GURO\]DEOH 9HQRWRQLF 9DVFXODUSURWHFWLYH A $VWULQJHQW DQWLHGHPD $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ 3HULSKHUDO9DVFXODUGLVHDVH I 9DULFRVHYHLQV +HPRUUKRLGV 6ZHOOLQJEUXLVHVDQGRUIUDFWXUHV Constituents: F Hippocastanaceae • &RXPDULQV HVFXOLQDHVFXOHWLQ FRXPDULQ JO\FRVLGH DHVFXOLQ Medicinal uses: • 6DSRQLQV DHVFLQ HVFLQ • ,VD trophorestorative & antioxidant for • )ODYRQRLGV venous tissue. • 7DQQLQV FRQGHQVHG K\GURO\]DEOH • 6WLPXODWHVFRQWUDFWLRQRIYHQRXVYDOYHV • )DWW\DFLGV LQFUHDVHVYHQRXVSUHVVXUHVWLPXODWHV O\PSKDWLFÀRZLPSURYHVDQGWRQHV • 6WHUROV FRQQHFWLYHWLVVXH FLUFXODWLRQ • $OODQWRLQ • :LOOUHPRYHYHQRXVFRQJHVWLRQDQGLV LQGLFDWHGLQDFXWHWKURPERSKOHELWLVYDULFRVH Medicinal Actions: YHLQVVZHOOLQJZLWKEUXLVHVIUDFWXUHEUDLQ WUDXPD VWURNH • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • ([WHUQDODSSOLFDWLRQVDUHXVHGLQWKHIRUPV • $QWLHGHPDWRXV RIRLQWPHQWVDQGJHOVIRUHGHPDIURP • $VWULQJHQW VSRUWVLQMXULHVKHPRUUKRLGVUKHXPDWLVP EDFNDFKHVQHXUDOJLDDQGUHVWOHVVOHJ • %LWWHU V\QGURPH • 'LXUHWLF • 9HQRWRQLF 9DVFXODUSURWHFWLYH 127( 7KRXJKWKHEDUNLVDVWULQJHQWWKHVHHG LVXVHGPRUHRIWHQGXHWRERWKVDSRQLQ WDQQLQ FRQWHQW 92 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) Pharmacology: Contraindications: • Aescin/escin LVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQG • .QRZQDOOHUJ\KLJKRUORQJWHUPGRVHV DYHQRXVWRQLF,WLQKLELWVK\ODXURQLGDVH FKLOGUHQXQGHUDQWLFRDJXODQWWKHUDS\ UHGXFHVÀXLGOHDNDJHDQGVWUHQJWKHQV WKHRUHWLFDO DFXWHNLGQH\LQÀDPPDWLRQ FDSLOODU\FHOOPHPEUDQHVWKHUHE\FRQWUROOLQJ JDVWULFXOFHUWRSLFDORQEURNHQRUXOFHUDWHG A EUXLVLQJ HGHPD VNLQ GXHWRLUULWDQWHIIHFWVRIVDSRQLQV ,0 • $HVFLQLVDUHJLVWHUHGGUXJLQ*HUPDQ\ LQMHFWLRQRIDHVFLQ DQGWKHDFWLYHLQJUHGLHQWLQDQXPEHURI • 8VHFDXWLRQLQEOHHGLQJGLVRUGHUVGXH SUHSDUDWLRQVXVHGHLWKHUWRSLFDOO\RURUDOO\ WRLQKLELWLRQRISODWHOHWOLSR[\JHQDVHDQG IRUWKHWUHDWPHQWRISHULSKHUDOYDVFXODU SODWHOHWDJJUHJDWLRQDFWLYLW\ GLVHDVHVLQSDUWLFXODUWKRVHUHODWHGWR FDSLOODU\SHUPHDELOLW\DQGUHVLVWDQFHVXFKDV KHPRUUKRLG YDULFRVWLWLHV Interactions: • )ODYRQRLGVDUHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQGKHOS • 0D\LQWHUIHUHZLWKWKHELQGLQJRIGUXJVWR VWUHQJWKHQFDSLOODULHV SODVPDSURWHLQV • Aesculin FRXPDULQJO\FRVLGH IRXQGRQWKH • $VSLULQRUDQWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW VHHGVQHHGVWREHUHPRYHGIURPH[WUDFWVDV DFWLYLW\ WKHRUHWLFDO LVWR[LF • :LWKFDUGLDFJO\FRVLGHV SKHQRS\UD]LQH PD\FDXVHFDOIVSDVPIDWLJXHÀXVKLQJDQG SVHXGROXSXV Pharmacy: • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSZDWHULQIXVHPLQ 7,' References: %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH • 7LQFWXUH PO4' %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HUEDO$GMXQFWV ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV PO7,'POZHHNO\PD[ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW • 7RSLFDO ZDVKRLOFUHDPORWLRQRUSRXOWLFH (OOHQKRUQ0-(WDO(OOHQKRUQ¶V0HGLFDO7R[LFLRORJ\ 'LDJQRVHVDQG7UHDWPHQW RI+XPDQ3RLVRQLQJQGHG%DOWLPRUH :LOOLDPVDQG:LONLQV )HWURZ&:$YLOD-53URIHVVLRQDO¶V+DQGERRNRI&RPSOHPHQWDU\0HGLFLQHV • 1RWH Short term or pulse dosing required UGHG3KLODGHOSKLD3$ /LSSLQFRWW:LOOLDPV :LONLQV 3LWWOHU0+ (UQVW(+RUVHFKHVWQXWVHHGH[WUDFWIRUFKURQLFYHQRXVLQVXI ZHHNVRQZHHNVRIIGXHWRK\GURO\]DEOH ¿FLHQF\&RFKUDQH'DWDEDVHRI6\VWHPDWLF5HYLHZV 5HYLHZ,VVXH WDQQLQV -RKQ:LOH\DQG6RQV/WG&KLFKHVWHU8. 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ Toxicity: • +LJKGRVHVLQWHUQDOO\FDQFDXVHQDXVHD*,7 LUULWDWLRQDQGUHÀX[ • $HVFLQKDVKHPRO\WLFSURSHUWLHVWKRXJK LVPLQLPDOZLWKLQWKHUDSHXWLFGRVHV3DVW UHSRUWVRIDFXWHUHQDOIDLOXUHIURPLQMHFWLRQ RIEDHVFLQKDYHUHYHDOHGWREHGXHWR GRVDJHVPXFKJUHDWHUWKDQPDQXIDFWXUHU UHFRPPHQGDWLRQVEHLQJXVHGLQFKLOGUHQ Monographs 93 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Agropyron (Elymus) repens (Couch grass) P 5KL]RPH A 6DSRQLQV 0XFLODJH &DUERK\GUDWHV C 0LQHUDOV ,URQ3RWDVVLXP6LOLFLF DFLG 'LXUHWLF A 'HPXOFHQW ([SHFWRUDQW 8ULQDU\WUDFWLQIHFWLRQV V\PSWRPDWLFDOO\ I .LGQH\VWRQHV 'U\XQSURGXFWLYHFRXJK F Poaceae Medicinal uses: • 8VHGLQXULQDU\LQIHFWLRQVVXFKDVcystitis, urethritis and prostatitisDQGDOVRDVD EURDGO\DSSOLFDEOHDQGVDIHGLXUHWLFLQPRVW FRQGLWLRQVZKHUHWKLVDFWLRQLVQHHGHG,V VSHFL¿FDOO\LQGLFDWHGIRULQWHQVHEXUQLQJ VHQVDWLRQDQGFRQVWDQWGHVLUHWRXULQDWH Constituents: • 6DSRQLQV • ,WVGHPXOFHQWSURSHUWLHVVRRWKHLUULWDWLRQ LQÀDPPDWLRQDQGFDQEHXVHGIRUHDVLQJWKH • &DUERK\GUDWHV 7ULWLFLQ,QRVLWRO0DQQLWRO SDVVDJHRINLGQH\VVWRQHV 0XFLODJH • $VDVRRWKLQJH[SHFWRUDQWZLOOUHGXFHWKH • %HWDFDURWHQH LUULWDWLRQRIGU\QRQSURGXFWLYHFRXJKV • 0LQHUDOV ,URQ 3RWDVVLXP • 6LOLFLFDFLG VLOLFDWHV Pharmacology: • Saponin & potassium FRQWHQWERWK Medicinal Actions: WKHRUL]HGWRLQGXFHXULQDU\ÀRZE\LQFUHDVLQJ WKHRVPRWLFSUHVVXUHZLWKLQWKHJORPHUXODU • $QWLPLFURELDO WXEXOHV • 'LXUHWLF • 6PDOOVXJDUV HJ&+2V SUHVHQWDUHSRRUO\ • 'HPXOFHQW 9XOQHUDU\ DEVRUEHGIURPWKHJXWDQGPD\DOVRDFFRXQW IRUJHQWOHGLXUHWLFHIIHFWV • ([SHFWRUDQW 94 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Agropyron (Elymus) repens (Couch grass) • Silicic acidKDVWKHDELOLW\WRUHGXFHXSWDNH Interactions: DQGFDXVHUHQDOH[FUHWLRQRIDOXPLQXPLQWKH • 7KHRUHWLFDOK\SRNDOHPLDZLWKORQJWHUP ERG\DVZHOODVVWLPXODWHFROODJHQW\SH XVHZLWK.GHSOHWLQJGLXUHWLFV V\QWKHVLV A References: Pharmacy: %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ • 'HFRFWLRQ WEVSFXSVLPPHUPLQ 3RVW FXSV7,' *UDVHV)HWDO(IIHFWRI+HUQLDULDKLUVXWDDQG$JURS\URQUHSHQVRQFDOFLXP R[DODWHXUROLWKLDVLVULVNLQUDWV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO 0DU 3DVODZVND6 3LHNRV56WXGLHVRQWKHRSWLPXPFRQGLWLRQVRIH[WUDFWLRQRI • 7LQFWXUH PO4'PO VLOLFRQVSHFLHVIURPSODQWVZLWKZDWHU,9$JURS\URQUHSHQV3ODQWD0HG 1RY ZHHNO\PD[ 3LHOHV]$ 3DOXFK->7KHUDSHXWLFDOO\DFWLYHGUHVVLQJVELRPDWHULDOVLQDVWXG\ RIFROODJHQJO\FDWLRQ@3ROLP0HG • 'ULHGUKL]RPH J7,' Toxicity: • *HQHUDOO\ZHOOWROHUDWHGDQGQRVLGHHIIHFWV KDYHEHHQUHSRUWHG • 2UDODGPLQLVWUDWLRQRILQIXVLRQKDV GHPRQVWUDWHGDGHFUHDVHLQFLWUDWXULDZKHQ FRPELQHGZLWKDKLJKFDUERK\GUDWHGLHW DQGDQLQFUHDVHLQFDOFXULDDQGGHFUHDVHLQ PDJQHVLXULDZKHQFRPELQHGZLWKDVWDQGDUG GLHW Contraindications: • (GHPDIURPKHDUWIDLOXUHRUNLGQH\ LQVXI¿FLHQF\GXHWRLQDGHTXDWHH[FUHWLRQVDOW IURPGLXUHWLFHIIHFWV WKHRUHWLFDO Monographs 95 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Allium sativum (Garlic) P %XOE A *OXFRVLQRODWHV 6XOIXUFRQWDLQLQJ FRPSRXQGV DOOLLQDOOLFLQ C WKLRF\DQDWHV 9RODWLOHRLO DOOLQDVH $QWLPLFURELDO A +\SROLSLGHPLF +\SRWHQVLYH 7UHDWPHQW3UHYHQWLRQRIGLJHVWLYH I DQGRUUHVSLUDWRU\WUDFWLQIHFWLRQV +\SHUWHQVLRQ '\VOLSLGHPLD F Liliaceae • ([SHFWRUDQW • +\SRJO\FHPLF • +\SROLSLGHPLF • +\SRWHQVLYH Constituents: • 5XEHIDFLHQW • 6XOIXUFRQWDLQLQJFRPSRXQGV VXOIR[LGHV DMRHQHDOOLLQDOOLFLQ WKLRF\DQDWHV Medicinal uses: • 9RODWLOHRLO (Q]\PHV DOOLQDVH • (IIHFWLYHanti-microbial DFWLQJRQEDFWHULD • 1XWULHQWV &DUERK\GUDWHVOLSLGV DPLQR YLUXVHVIXQJLDQGDOLPHQWDU\SDUDVLWHV&DQ DFLGV EHXVHGWRSLFDOO\RULQWHUQDOO\DJDLQVWIXQJDO LQIHFWLRQV HJ&DQGLGD ZDUWVYDJLQLWLVDQG RWLWLVPHGLD Medicinal Actions: • 8VHGLQrespiratory infectionsVXFKDV • $QWLKLVWDPLQH FKURQLFEURQFKLWLVFDWDUUKUHFXUUHQWFROGV • $QWLPLFURELDO DQGLQÀXHQ]D • $QWLVSDVPRGLF &DUPLQDWLYH • ,QJHQHUDOLWPD\EHXVHGDVDSUHYHQWDWLYH IRUPRVWLQIHFWLRXVFRQGLWLRQVGLJHVWLYHDV • $QWLWKURPERWLF $QWLSODWHOHWDJJUHJDQW ZHOODVUHVSLUDWRU\ • &DUGLRSURWHFWLYH • 'LDSKRUHWLF 96 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Allium sativum (Garlic) • $FXWHVWRPDFKLQÀDPPDWLRQDFLGUHÀH[RU • Reduces blood pressure & blood LUULWDWLRQRIPXFRVDOVXUIDFHV GLVXO¿GHVPD\ cholesterol levelsZKHQWDNHQRYHUDSHULRG FDXVHJDVWURHQWHULWLV RIWLPH • $YRLGH[FHVVLYHXVHLQHDUO\SUHJQDQF\ • +HSDWRSURWHFWLYHIURP$FHWRPLQRSKHQ GXHWRSRWHQWLDOHPPHQDJRJXHHIIHFWV A SRVVLEO\GXHWRVDOO\OFRPSRQHQWVDQG DQGK\SRWK\URLGLVPDVPD\FDXVHUHGXFHG SUHYHQWLRQRIJOXWDWKLRQHGHSOHWLRQ LRGLQHXSWDNHE\WKHWK\URLG WKHRUHWLFDO FDUGLRSURWHFWLYHHVSHFLDOO\LQFRPELQDWLRQ ZLWKCrataegus sp.. Interactions: Pharmacology: • 0D\SRWHQWLDWHLQVXOLQ LQKLELWVLWV EUHDNGRZQ DQGK\SRJO\FHPLFGUXJV • VO & sulfur containing compounds DOOLLQ DOOLFLQ DUHODUJHO\UHVSRQVLEOHIRUHIIHFWV • 0D\SRWHQWLDWHDQWLFRDJXODQWV HJ:DUIDULQ LQGRPHWKDFLQG\SLULGDPROH GXHWR • $OOLLQis converted by allinase to alliicin DQWLSODWHOHWDFWLYLW\ WKHRUHWLFDO ZKHQFKRSSHGFUXVKHGDQGH[SRVHGWRDLU R[LGL]HG • 0D\HQKDQFHHIIHFWVRIFKROHVWHUROORZHULQJ DJHQWV WKHRUHWLFDO • Allicin LQKLELWVSODWHOHWDJJUHJDWLRQUHGXFHV FKROHVWHURODQGLVDQWLPLFURELDODQG References: %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HEUDO$GMXQFWV DQWLR[LGDQW ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW • $QWLWKURPERWLFDFWLYLW\PD\EHLQSDUWGXHWR 0RUELGRQL/HWDO*DUOLF ,WVKLVWRU\DQG$GYHUVH(IIHFWV-+HUE3KDUPDFRWKHU LQKLELWLRQRIWKURPER[DQH%V\QWKHVLVDQG 5LHG.HWDO(IIHFWRIJDUOLFRQVHUXPOLSLGV DQXSGDWHGPHWDDQDO\VLV1XWUL DQWLSODWHOHWDFWLYLW\LVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDOOLFLQ WLRQ5HYLHZV9RO ± 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH DMRHQHDQGVXO¿GHV 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ :DWVRQ&HWDO7KHHIIHFWVRIRUDOJDUOLFRQYDJLQDOFDQGLGDFRORQ\FRXQWV D UDQGRPLVHGSODFHERFRQWUROOHGGRXEOHEOLQGWULDO%-2*0DU Pharmacy: • )UHVKEXOE FORYHHDWHQGDLO\IRU SURSK\OD[LV'XULQJDFXWHLQIHFWLRQVFORYH 7,'1RWH &KRS¿QHO\DOORZEXOEWRR[LGL]H PLQDQGHDWRIIDVSRRQZLWKRXWFKHZLQJ IRUEHVWHIIHFWV • &DSVXOH JDUOLFRLO VWDQGDUGL]HGWRPJ DOOLFLQ GDLO\ • 'ULHGEXOE J7,' • -XLFHV\UXSSRXOWLFHHDUQDVDOGURSVDQG DVIRRG Toxicity: • )UHVKEXOEFDQFDXVHLUULWDWLRQWRWKHJDVWULF PXFRVD • +LJKGRVHVFDQFDXVHEUHDWK ERG\RGRXU Contraindications: • 'RQRWXVHZLWKLQGD\VRIVXUJHU\RUZLWK PHGLFDWLRQVWKDWLQKLELWEORRGFRDJXODWLRQ Monographs 97 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Aloe spp. (Aloe vera/barbadensis) P *HO /DWH[ 0XFLODJH 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV A DFHPDQQDQ C $QWKUDTXLQRQHJO\FRVLGHV HPRGLQ )ODYRQRLGV /D[DWLYH 'HPXOFHQW (PROOLHQW 9XOQHUDU\ A $QWLPLFURELDO 7UHDWPHQWSUHYHQWLRQRIXOFHU*(5' &RQVWLSDWLRQ I :RXQGKHDOHU HJ6XQEXUQ F Asphodelaceae Medicinal uses: • ,QWHUQDOO\DORHKDVDXVHLQJDVWURLQWHVWLQDO FRQGLWLRQV UHVHDUFKVXJJHVWVWKDWUHJXODU MXLFHFRQVXPSWLRQFDQOHDGWRLPSURYHG SURWHLQGLJHVWLRQDQGDVVLPLODWLRQDQGRU Constituents: UHGXFHGEDFWHULDOSXWUHIDFWLRQ2IWHQXVHG LQWHUQDOO\WRWUHDWpeptic/duodenal ulcers & • *HO 0XFLODJH 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV GERD,H[HUWLQJSRZHUIXODQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • /DWH[ $QWKUDTXLQRQHJO\FRVLGHV DQWKURQH DQGKHDOLQJHIIHFWV DORHHPRGLQ DORHUHVLQVSRO\VDFFKDULGHV • $VDYXOQHUDU\ERWKWRSLFDOO\DQGLQWHUQDOO\ 0DQQRVHSKRVSKDWH DFHPDQQDQ LVZLOOheal wounds,KDVEHHQVKRZQWR ÀDYRQRLGV VWLPXODWH¿EUREODVW FRQQHFWLYHWLVVXH IRUPDWLRQWKHUHE\SURPRWLQJUHSDLULQ VXQEXUQVDQGDQ\LQÀDPPDWRU\SURFHVVRI Medicinal Actions: WKHVNLQRUPXFRXVPHPEUDQHV • A.vera Gel: LQÀDPPDWRU\PRGXODWRU • $VD laxativeZLOODLGLQFDVHVRIFKURQLFRU LPPXQRPRGXODWLQJGHPXOFHQWHPROOLHQW DFXWHFRQVWLSDWLRQZKLOHKHOSLQJWRHOLPLQDWH YXOQHUDU\ WR[LFFRPSRXQGVRUSDUDVLWHVDQGQHXWUDOL]H • A. barbadensis Latex: 6WLPXODWLQJOD[DWLYH IUHHUDGLFDOV FDWKDUWLFHPPHQDJRJXHDQWKHOPLQWLF DQWLEDFWHULDO 98 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Aloe spp. (Aloe vera/barbadensis) Pharmacology: DFXWHLQWHVWLQDOLQÀDPPDWLRQDEGRPLQDO SDLQRIXQNQRZQRULJLQDQGFKLOGUHQ • Anthraquinone glycosides DQWKURQH DORHHPRGLQ FDXVHVWLPXODWLQJOD[DWLYH \HDUVROG HIIHFWVRIDORHODWH[7KHVHPROHFXOHVDUH VSOLWE\WKHQRUPDOEDFWHULDLQWKHODUJH Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ A LQWHVWLQHVWRIRUPDJO\FRQHVZKLFKH[HUW WKHLUOD[DWLYHDFWLRQ • 'XHWRGHFUHDVHVLQWUDQVLWWLPHZKHQXVHG LQWHUQDOO\PD\LQWHUIHUHZLWKDEVRUSWLRQRI • 6WLPXODWHVWKHHSLGHUPDOJURZWKDQGUHSDLU IRRG PHGLFDWLRQV SURFHVVSUHVXPDEO\GXHWRSRO\VDFFKDULGHV VXFKDV Mannose-6-phosphate, DQDFWLYH • *HO SRWHQWLDWHVK\SRJO\FHPLFHIIHFWRI JURZWKSURPRWLQJVXEVWDQFH JO\EXULGH DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWVRI K\UGURFRUWLVRQHZKHQDSSOLHGH[WHUQDOO\ • Acemannan LVDQWLWXPRUDQGEHQH¿FLDO DJDLQVW+,9 • /DWH[ 2YHUXVHFDQFDXVHSRWDVVLXP ORVVOHDGLQJWRLQFUHDVHGWR[LFLW\RIDQWL YDULRXVFRQVWLWXHQWVKDYHDOVR • Mucilage DUUK\WKPLFGUXJVDQGFDUGLDFJO\FRVLGHV EHHQVKRZQWRKDYHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWV 0D\DJJUDYDWHSRWDVVLXPORVVFDXVHG DVZHOODVWRVWLPXODWHZRXQGKHDOLQJ E\WKLD]LGHGLXUHWLFVFRUWLFRVWHURLGVDQG OLFRULFHGXHWRH[FUHWLRQIURPOD[DWLYH HIIHFWV Pharmacy: • POZKROHOHDIFRQFHQWUDWHMXLFHGDLO\ References: • 7RSLFDOJHORLQWPHQW %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH • 1RWH 7LQFWXUHRUFDSVXOHVDUHQRWZHOOVXLWHG %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HEUDO$GMXQFWV ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV WRDFFHVVWKHPHGLFLQDOEHQH¿WVRIDORH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW +DPPDQ-+&RPSRVLWLRQDQGDSSOLFDWLRQVRI$ORHYHUDOHDIJHO0ROHFXOHV Toxicity: $XJ :LQWHUV:',PPXQRUHDFWLYH/HFWLQVLQ/HDI*HOIURP$ORHEDUEDGHQVLV • *HO 7RSLFDOO\LVH[WUHPHO\VDIH 3K\WRWKHU5HV Monographs 99 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | $OWKHDRI¿FLQDOLV 0DUVKPDOORZ P 5RRW /HDI A 0XFLODJH 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV SHFWLQ C 7DQQLQV )ODYRQRLGV 'HPXOFHQW (PROOLHQW 9XOQHUDU\ A ([SHFWRUDQW VRRWKLQJ 1XWULWLYH ,QÀDPPDWLRQRIWKHJDVWURLQWHVWLQDO I JHQLWRXULQDU\ UHVSLUDWRU\WUDFWV 6SDVWLF&RQVWLSDWLRQ F Malvaceae Medicinal uses: Constituents: • Demulcent & VulneraryWRWKH • 0XFLODJH 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV SHFWLQ JDVWURLQWHVWLQDOV\VWHPUHVSLUDWRU\V\VWHP • 7DQQLQV XULQDU\V\VWHPV • )ODYRQRLGV • &DQEHXVHGLQJDVWULWLVSHSWLFXOFHU*(5' ,%'LQWHUVWLWLDOF\VWLWLVORZHU87,V\PSWRP • &RXPDULQV UHOLHISKDU\QJLWLV GU\FRXJK • &DOFLXPR[DODWH • $PLQRDFLGV $VSDUDJLQH Pharmacology: Medicinal Actions: • Mucilage & Polysaccharides are • $OWHUDWLYH K\SRJO\FHPLFDQWLWXVVLYHDQWLPLFURELDO • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ VRRWKLQJ SURWHFWLYHWRPXFRXVPHPEUDQHV PRXWKWKURDW*,7DQGE\UHÀH[DFWLRQ • $QWLPLFURELDO WKHXULQDU\DQGUHVSLUDWRU\WUDFW :LOODOVR • $QWLWXVVLYH VWLPXODWHSKDJRF\WRVLVDQGKDYHDQWL LQÀDPPDWRU\DQGLPPXQRPRGXODWLQJHIIHFWV • 'HPXOFHQW (PROOLHQW 9XOQHUDU\ • $VDIRUPRIVROXEOH¿EHUKDVJHQWOHEXONLQJ • ([SHFWRUDQW VRRWKLQJ OD[DWLYHHIIHFWVDQGGUDZVRXWWR[LQVIURPWKH • +\SRJO\FHPLF ERZHOV • 1XWULWLYH • %XONLQJ2VPRWLFOD[DWLYH 100 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak $OWKHDRI¿FLQDOLV 0DUVKPDOORZ Pharmacy: • Best taken as cold Infusion:JFXS $GLVKRIPDOORZZDVFRQVLGHUHGD ZDWHULQIXVHRYHUQLJKW FXS7,' GHOLFDF\E\WKH$QFLHQW5RPDQVDQG WKH&KLQHVHDOVRXVHGDVSHFLHVRI • 7LQFWXUH PO4' PDOORZIRUIRRG A • 'ULHGKHUE J4' $OWKHDLQKDELWVVDOWPDUVKHVULYHU • $V*UXHO*DUJOH3RXOWLFH6\UXS EDQNVDQGRWKHUPRLVWSODFHV,WV KDELWDWDQGPXFLODJHFRQWHQWDFFRXQWV LQSDUWIRUKDYLQJDQDERYHDYHUDJH Toxicity: VRGLXPFRQWHQW PJJGULHG • $YHU\VDIHKHUEDQGIRRG0D\FDXVHVRPH VLQFHVRGLXPVDOWVRISRO\VDFFKDULGHV *,7XSVHW DUHVROXEOHDQGIUHHO\WUDQVSRUWHGZLWKLQ WKHSODQW Contraindications: 1RQH.QRZQ Interactions: • 7KHRUHWLFDOO\PD\GHOD\WKHDEVRUSWLRQRI RUDOGUXJVLIWDNHQVLPXOWDQHRXVO\ References: %HQEDVVDW1HWDO'HYHORSPHQWDQGHYDOXDWLRQRIQRYHOOR]HQJHVFRQWDLQLQJ PDUVKPDOORZURRWH[WUDFW3DN-3KDUP6FL1RY %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW 'HWHUVD$HWDO$TXHRXVH[WUDFWVDQGSRO\VDFFKDULGHVIURP0DUVKPDOORZURRWV $OWKHDRI¿FLQDOLV/ &HOOXODULQWHUQDOLVDWLRQDQGVWLPXODWLRQRIFHOOSK\VLRORJ\RI KXPDQHSLWKHOLDOFHOOVLQYLWUR-RXUQDORI(WKQRSKDUPDFRORJ\9ROXPH,VVXH -DQXDU\3DJHV± *XGHM-)ODYRQRLGV3KHQROLFDFLGVDQGFRXUPDULQVIURPURRWVRI$OWKHD RI¿FLQDOLV'HSWRI3KDUPDFRJQRV\,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\DQG&KHPLVWU\RI 'UXJV 6DGLJKDUD3HWDO7KHDQWLR[LGDQWDQG)ODYRQRLGVFRQWHQWVRI$OWKDHDRI¿FLQDOLV /ÀRZHUVEDVHGRQWKHLUFRORU$YLFHQQD-3K\WRPHG6XPPHU 6XWRYVND0HWDO$QWLWXVVLYHDFWLYLW\RI$OWKDHDRI¿FLQDOLV/SRO\VDFFKDULGH UKDPQRJDODFWXURQDQDQGLWVFKDQJHVLQJXLQHDSLJVZLWKRYDOEXPLQHLQGXFHG DLUZD\VLQÀDPPDWLRQ%UDWLVO/HN/LVW\ Monographs 101 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Angelica archangelica (European angelica) P 5RRW /HDI A 9RODWLOHRLO C )XUDQRFRXPDULQJO\FRVLGHV )ODYRQRLGV %LWWHU ZDUPLQJ A &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF ([SHFWRUDQW VWLPXODWLQJ 6SDVWLF LQÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQV I %URQFKLWLV LQÀXHQ]D '\VSHSVLD +\SRFKORUK\GULD F Apiaceae • &KRODJRJXH • 'LXUHWLF • 6WLPXODWLQJ([SHFWRUDQW Constituents: • 9RODWLOHRLO SLQHQHOLPRQHQHEHWD Medicinal uses: FDURSK\OOHQHOLQDORRO ERUQHRO • $VDstimulating expectorant and aromatic • 0DFURF\FOLFODFWRQHV digestive tonicSDUWLFXODUO\XVHIXOIRU • )XUDQRFRXPDULQJO\FRVLGHV LPSHUDWRULQ K\SRFKORUK\GULDG\VSHSVLDDQGEURQFKLWLV LVRLPSHUDWRULQDQJHOLFLQXPEHOOLIHURQH HVSHFLDOO\ZKHQDFFRPSDQLHGE\IHYHU SVRUDOHQ EHUJDSWHQ FROGV LQÀXHQ]D • )ODYRQRLGV • 7KHFDUPLQDWLYHDQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • 3K\WRVWHUROV TXDOLWLHVRIWKHYRODWLOHRLOVZLOOKHOSHDVH VSDVPLQERWKWKHOXQJVDQGWKH*,7DQG KHOSZLWKUKHXPDWLFSDLQVDQGLQÀDPPDWLRQ Medicinal Actions: • $QWLFDWDUUKDO Pharmacology: • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Volatile oil LVDQWLPLFURELDODJDLQVW • $QWLPLFURELDO &GLI¿FLOH&ORVWULGLXPSHUIULQJHQV (QWHURFRFFXVIDHFDOLV(XEDFWHULXP • %LWWHU ZDUPLQJ OLPRVXP3HSWRVWUHSWRFRFFXVDQDHURELXV • &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF DQG&DQGLGDDOELFDQV 102 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Angelica archangelica (European angelica) • CoumarinsLPSHUDWRULQDQGLVRLPSHUDWRULQ Interactions:7KHRUHWLFDOO\PD\DQWDJRQL]H KDYHWKHSRWHQWLDOWRUHGXFHDQ[LHW\ DQWLFRDJXODQWPHGLFDWLRQV Pharmacy: References: %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HUEDO$GMXQFWV ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV A • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSZDWHUVLPPHUIRU &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ PLQ7,' 3RVW )UDWHUQDOH'HWDO(VVHQWLDORLOFRPSRVLWLRQDQGDQWLPLFURELDODFWLYLW\RI DQJHOLFDDUFKDQJHOLFD/ $SLDFHDH URRWV-0HG)RRG0D\QG • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO +REEV&)RXQGDWLRQVRI+HDOWK+HDOLQJZLWK+HUEVDQG)RRG%RWDQLFD 3UHVV ZHHNO\PD[ .XPDUHWDO&RXPDULQVIURP$QJHOLFDDUFKDQJHOLFD/LQQ$QGWKHLUHIIHFWVRQ DQ[LHW\OLNHEHKDYLRXU3URJ1HXURSV\FKRSKDUPDFRO%LRO3V\FKLDWU\ • 7RSLFDOXVH DVRLO 0LOOV6 %RQH.3ULQFLSOHV 3UDFWLFHRI3K\WRWKHUDS\&KXUFKLOO/LYLQJVWRQH (GLQEXUJ Contraindications: • ,QÀDPPDWRU\*,7FRQGLWLRQVVXFKDVDFWLYH SHSWLFXOFHUV*(5' JDVWULWLV • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ • ,QWHUQDOXVHRIIUHVKURRW Monographs 103 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Apium graveolens (Celery seed) P )UXLW6HHG A 9RODWLOHRLO SKWKDOLGHFRPSRXQGV C )ODYRQRLGV )XUDQRFRXPDULQV $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A $QWLUKHXPDWLF &DUPLQDWLYH *RXW 5KHXPDWLVP $XWRLPPXQHGLVHDVH I 6PRRWK VNHOHWDOPXVFOHSDLQ VSDVPV F Apiaceae • )DWW\DFLGV OLQROHLFP\ULVWLFROHLFSDOPLWLF VWHDULF • $ONDORLGV Medicinal Actions: • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $QWLPLFURELDO • $QWLUKHXPDWLF 8ULFRVXULF • %LWWHU • &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF • 'LXUHWLF Constituents: • *DODFWDJRJXH • 9RODWLOHRLO OLPRQHQHVHOHQLQH SKWKDOLGH • +\SRWHQVLYH FRPSRXQGV • 6HGDWLYH1HUYLQH • )ODYRQRLGV DSLJHQLQDSLLQ LVRTXHUFLWLQ • 8WHULQHVWLPXODQW • )XUDQRFRXPDULQV 104 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Apium graveolens (Celery seed) Medicinal uses: • )XUDQRFRXPDULQVLQFRPELQDWLRQZLWK89 • $ONDOL]HVWKHERG\DVDZKROH GHWR[L¿HV OLJKWPD\FDXVHSKRWRGHUPDWLWLV ZLWKVSHFL¿FLW\WRWKHPXVFXORVNHOHWDO V\VWHP,Wwill promote the elimination of Contraindications: uric acid & waste productsDQGLVKHOSIXOLQ A FDVHVRIJRXW UKHXPDWLVP • ,QDFXWHNLGQH\FRQGLWLRQVGXHWRWKH LUULWDWLQJHIIHFWRIWKHYRODWLOHRLOV • $VDGLXUHWLFLVSDUWLFXODUO\VXLWHGWR arthritic conditions,LQFOXGLQJWKRVHRIDQ • 7KHYRODWLOHRLOVDOVRKDYHHPPHQDJRJXH DXWRLPPXQHQDWXUH HJUKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV DQGSRVVLEOHDERUWLIDFLHQWHIIHFWV VKRXOG EHDYRLGHGGXULQJSUHJQDQF\ • $OVRXVHIXOLQQHUYRXVUHVWOHVVQHVVDQG VSDVPRGLFWHQVLRQ&DQEHXVHGERWK WRSLFDOO\DQGLQWHUQDOO\ Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ Pharmacology: References: %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH • Volatile oils & alkaloidsDUHFDOPLQJDQG ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ DSSHDUWRKDYHGHSUHVVDQWWUDQTXLOL]LQJ 3RVW ,\HU' 3DWLO8(IIHFWRIFKORURIRUPDQGDTXHRXVEDVLFIUDFWLRQRIHWKDQROLF HIIHFWVRQWKH&16 H[WUDFWIURP$SLXPJUDYHROHQV/LQH[SHULPHQWDOO\LQGXFHGK\SHUOLSLGHPLDLQ UDWV-&RPSOHPHQW,QWHJU0HG6HS • Phthalide compoundsDUHDQWLVSDVPRGLF 0RJKDGDP0HWDO$QWLK\SHUWHQVLYHHIIHFWRIFHOHU\VHHGRQUDWEORRGSUHVVXUH LQFKURQLFDGPLQLVWUDWLRQ-0HG)RRG-XQ VHGDWLYHGLXUHWLF K\SRWHQVLYH 3RZDQGD0 5DLQVIRUG.$WR[LFRORJLFDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQRIDFHOHU\VHHG H[WUDFWKDYLQJDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLYLW\,QÀDPPRSKDUPDFRORJ\ $XJ • )ODYRQRLGVDUHGLXUHWLFDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ 6RZEKDJ\D+&KHPLVWU\WHFKQRORJ\DQGQXWUDFHXWLFDOIXQFWLRQVRIFHOHU\ DQWLUKHXPDWLF DQWLSODWHOHW $SLXPJUDYHROHQV/ DQRYHUYLHZ&ULW5HY)RRG6FL1XWU • $OFRKROH[WUDFWRIVHHGLVDQDOJHVLFDQWL LQÀDPPDWRU\DQGZLOOVWLPXODWHFLUFXODWLRQWR DQGWKURXJKWKHNLGQH\VE\PLOGO\SURPRWLQJ H[FUHWLRQRIXULFDFLG Pharmacy: • 'ULHGVHHG J7,' • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFUXVKHGVHHGVFXS VLPPHUPLQ7,' • )UHVKVHHGMXLFH XSWR PO4' • 7LQFWXUH PO4'PO ZHHNO\PD[ Toxicity: • +LJKVRGLXPFRQWHQWPRQLWRUWKRVHZLWK K\SHUWHQVLRQRUÀXLGUHWHQWLRQ Monographs 105 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Arctium lappa (Burdock) P 5RRW 6HHG A 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV LQXOLQ C 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV DUFWLRSLFULQ 1XWULHQWV YLWDPLQV PLQHUDOV $OWHUDWLYH A %LWWHU +HSDWLF /LYHU GLJHVWLYHGHWR[L¿FDWLRQ I ,QÀDPPDWRU\VNLQGLVRUGHUV $XWRLPPXQHGLVHDVH F Asteraceae • ,PPXQRVWLPXODQW Constituents: • /D[DWLYH PLOG • /LJQDQV DUFWLJHQLQDUFWLLQ PDWDLUHVLQRO • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV XSWRLQXOLQ Medicinal uses: 0XFLODJH • $FWVWKURXJKDFRPELQDWLRQRIHIIHFWVWR • 7DQQLQV HQKDQFHGHWR[LÀFDWLRQSDWKZD\VLQWKH • 6XOSKXUFRQWDLQLQJSRO\DFHW\OHQHV liver and increase cellular metabolism as a whole • 9RODWLOHRLO • ,VXVHIXOLQFRQGLWLRQVVXFKDVHF]HPDDFQH • 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV DUFWLRSLFULQ SVRULDVLVDQGSRVVLEO\LQWKHWUHDWPHQWRI • 1XWULHQWV YLWDPLQV PLQHUDOV FDQFHU • ,VDOVRXVHIXODGMXQFWLQWKHWUHDWPHQW RIUKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLVDQGDWRQLFWRWKH Medicinal Actions: GLJHVWLYHV\VWHP • $OWHUDWLYH • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ Pharmacology: • $QWLPLFURELDO • Polysaccharides PXFLODJH LQXOLQ • %LWWHU DUHVRRWKLQJWRWKHGLJHVWLYHWUDFWDQG • 'LXUHWLF ,PPXQRVWLPXODQW • +HSDWLF +HSDWRSURWHFWLYH 106 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Arctium lappa (Burdock) • Sesquiterpene lactone DUFWLRSLFULQ LVD Interactions: ELWWHUJO\FRVLGHDQGDQWLEDFWHULDO • ,QFUHDVHVJXWPRWLOLW\WKXVPD\WKHRUHWLFDOO\ GHFUHDVHDEVRUSWLRQRIPHGLFDWLRQVWDNHQ VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ Pharmacy: A • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSURRWFXSVLPPHU • 0D\SRWHQWLDWHDVSLULQRUDQWLFRDJXODQWVGXH PLQXWHVFXS7,'IRUVHYHUDOZHHNV WRDQWLSODWHOHWDFWLYLW\ WKHRUHWLFDO • 7LQFWXUH PO4'PO • 0D\GHFUHDVHEORRGJOXFRVHZLWKDQWL ZHHNO\PD[ GLDEHWLFDJHQWVDQGSRWHQWLDWHHIIHFWVRI GLXUHWLFV • )UHVKURRWDVIRRG • 0D\XSUHJXODWHOHYHOVRI&<3$ • 1RWH %HVWZKHQXVHGORQJWHUP VXEVWUDWHV Toxicity: References %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH • 1RQHUHSRUWHGDOWKRXJKDJHQWOHDSSURDFK ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HUEDO$GMXQFWV ZLWKWKLVKHUELVDGYLVDEOHVLQFHLWFDQEHD ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV &KDQ<HWDO$UHYLHZRIWKHSKDUPDFRORJLFDOHIIHFWVRI$UFWLXPODSSD SRZHUIXOGHWR[L¿HULQVRPHLQGLYLGXDOV EXUGRFN ,QÀDPPRSKDUPDFRORJ\2FW &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ • 3RWHQWLDODGYHUVHUHDFWLRQVLQFOXGHGHUPDWLWLV 3RVW )HWURZ&:$YLOD-53URIHVVLRQDO¶V+DQGERRNRI&RPSOHPHQWDU\0HGLFLQHV IURPWRSLFDOXVHDQGDOOHUJLFVHQVLWLYLW\WR UGHG3KLODGHOSKLD3$ /LSSLQFRWW:LOOLDPV :LONLQV )RVWHU67\OHU9(7\OHU¶V+RQHVW+HUEDO $6HQVLEOH*XLGHWRWKH8VHRI+HUEV $VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\ DQG5HODWHG5HPHGLHVWKHG%LQJKDPWRQ1< +DZZRUWK3UHVV 0LHOH& %HJXLQRW)1HZH[SHFWDWLRQVIURPWKHZHOONQRZQPHGLFLQDO • $YRLGLQKLVWRU\RIEOHHGLQJGLVRUGHU SURSHUWLHVRI$UFWLXPODSSD'LDEHWRORJLD0D\ GHK\GUDWLRQHOHFWURO\WHLPEDODQFH K\SRJO\FHPLDSUHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ • 8VHFDXWLRQLQGLDEHWHVPD\SUHFLSLWDWH GHFUHDVHLQEORRGVXJDU Contraindications: 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ LappaGHULYHVIURPWKH*UHHNZRUG PHDQLQJ³WRKROGIDVW´DQG%XUGRFN LVODUJHO\FRQVLGHUHGDFRPPRQ ZHHGZKRVHEXUVOLNHWRJHWFDXJKWLQ SHRSOH¶V DQGDQLPDO¶V FORWKLQJ$VD UHVXOWLWKDVPLJUDWHGDQGQDWXUDOL]HGWR QHDUO\HYHU\FOLPDWH FRQWLQHQW Monographs 107 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Arctostaphylos uva- ursi (Bearberry) P /HDI A 7DQQLQV K\GURO\]DEOH FRQGHQVHG C +\GURTXLQRQHJO\FRVLGHV DUEXWLQ )ODYRQRLGV $QWLPLFURELDO VSHFL¿FWRXULQDU\WUDFW A $VWULQJHQW 'HPXOFHQW ,QÀDPPDWLRQ LQIHFWLRQRIWKH I JHQLWRXULQDU\WUDFW *HQHUDONLGQH\ EODGGHUWRQLF F Ericaceae Medicinal uses: Constituents: • ,VXVHGSULPDULO\LQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIF\VWLWLV • 7DQQLQV +\GURO\]DEOH &RQGHQVHG XOFHUDWLRQVRIWKHNLGQH\DQGEODGGHUDQGWR DVLW • +\GURTXLQRQHJO\FRVLGHV DUEXWLQ soothe and tonify the urinary organs, ZLOOUHPRYHH[FHVVZDWHUIURPWKHERG\DQG • )ODYRQRLGV KDVVSHFL¿FDQWLVHSWLF DVWULQJHQWHIIHFWV • 3RO\SKHQROLFDFLGV XUVROLFJDOOLF HOODJLF XSRQWKHPHPEUDQHVRIWKHXULQDU\V\VWHP • $OODQWRLQ • ,VIUHTXHQWO\XVHGZKHUHWKHUHLVJUDYHORU XOFHUDWLRQLQHLWKHUWKHNLGQH\RUWKHEODGGHU • 9RODWLOHRLO DQGLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRILQIHFWLRQVRUDV SDUWRIDKROLVWLFDSSURDFKWRFKURQLFNLGQH\ SUREOHPV Medicinal Actions: • :LWKLWVKLJKDVWULQJHQF\LWLVXVHGLQVRPH • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ IRUPVRIEHGZHWWLQJDQGDDGRXFKHLWPD\ • $QWLPLFURELDO WLVVXHVSHFL¿FLW\WRXULQDU\ EHKHOSIXOLQYDJLQDOXOFHUDWLRQ LQIHFWLRQ WUDFW • $VWULQJHQW Pharmacology: • 'HPXOFHQW • Hydroquinone derivative, arbutin UHOHDVHV • 'LXUHWLF DJO\FRQHLQDONDOLQHXULQHZLWKDQWLPLFURELDO DFWLRQ • Note: 7KHZKROHSODQWLVPRUHHIIHFWLYH WKDQLVRODWHGDUEXWLQZKLFKPD\EHUHODWHG 108 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Arctostaphylos uva- ursi (Bearberry) WRWKHDFWLYLW\Rf gallic acid or gallotannin Interactions: ZKLFKSUHYHQWVWKHVSOLWWLQJRIDUEXWLQE\VXFK • +LJKGRVHVRIYLWDPLQ&DQGFUDQEHUU\ HQ]\PHVDV JOXFRVLGDVH7KLVHQ]\PHLV MXLFHZLOOWUDQVLHQWO\DFLGLI\WKHXULQHLQD SUHVHQWLQVRPHHQWHULFPLFURRUJDQLVPVWKDW PLQRULW\RISHRSOH&RQVLGHULQJWKDWDUEXWLQ FDQRFFXULQXULQDU\WUDFWLQIHFWLRQV7KXV FRQYHUWVWRK\GURTXLQRQHLQDONDOLQHXULQH WKHÀDYRQRLGFRPSRQHQWDOORZVPRUHDUEXWLQ A XULQDU\DFLGL¿HUVFDQWKHRUHWLFDOO\LQKLELWWKLV WREHK\GURO\]HGWKDQZKHQLVRODWHGDUEXWLQ FRQYHUVLRQ LVDGPLQLVWHUHG • +LJKWDQQLQVPD\LQWHUIHUHZLWKDEVRUSWLRQ DUHKLJKO\DVWULQJHQW • Tannins RIYDULRXVQXWULHQWV Pharmacy: References: %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH • ,QIXVLRQ WEVSFXSZDWHU7,' ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ • 7LQFWXUH PO4'PO 3RVW 'H$UULED6HWDO5LVNDVVHVVPHQWRIIUHHK\GURTXLQRQHGHULYHGIURP ZHHNO\PD[ $UFWRVWDSK\ORV8YDXUVLIROLXPKHUEDOSUHSDUDWLRQV,QW-7R[LFRO1RY 'HF 6DPRLORYD=HWDO0HGLFLQDOSODQWH[WUDFWVFDQYDULRXVO\PRGLI\ELR¿OPIRUPD • 'U\KHUE XSWRJ4' HTXLYDOHQWWR WLRQLQ(VFKHULFKLDFROL$QWRQLH9DQ/HHXZHQKRHN$SU 6FKLQGOHU*8ULQDU\H[FUHWLRQDQGPHWDEROLVPRIDUEXWLQDIWHURUDODGPLQLVWUD PJDUEXWLQ WLRQRI$UFWRVWDSK\ORVXYDHXUVLH[WUDFWDV¿OPFRDWHGWDEOHWVDQGDTXHRXV VROXWLRQLQKHDOWK\KXPDQV-&OLQ3KDUPDFRO$XJ • 'RXFKHRUWRSLFDOZDVK 6QRZGHQ5$FRPSDULVRQRIWKHDQWL6WDSK\ORFRFFXVDXUHXVDFWLYLW\RI H[WUDFWVIURPFRPPRQO\XVHGPHGLFLQDOSODQWV-$OWHUQ&RPSOHPHQW0HG 0D\ • Pulse dosing required (2 weeks max) 7ROPDFKHYD$HWDO$QWLEDFWHULDODQGTXRUXPVHQVLQJUHJXODWRU\DFWLYLWLHV RIVRPHWUDGLWLRQDO(DVWHUQ(XURSHDQPHGLFLQDOSODQWV$FWD3KDUP -XQ Toxicity: • 7R[LFLW\LVSURSRUWLRQDOWRWKHFRQYHUVLRQRI DUEXWLQWRK\UGURTXLQRQHDVK\GURTXLQRQH LVDKLJKO\WR[LFDQGPXWDJHQLFJRIWKH IUHVKOHDYHVFDQSURYLGHJRIK\GURTXLQRQH ZKLFKFDQEHWR[LFZLWKVLJQVDQGV\PSWRPV RI WLQQLWXVQDXVHDYRPLWLQJVHQVHRI VXIIRFDWLRQVKRUWQHVVRIEUHDWKF\DQRVLV FRQYXOVLRQVGHOLULXPDQGFROODSVH • &DXWLRQGXHWRK\GURO\]DEOHWDQQLQFRQWHQW WKDWFDQDFFXPXODWHFDXVLQJOLYHUDQGNLGQH\ GDPDJH Contraindications: • $YRLGGXULQJSUHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ • &RQVLGHULQJWKHK\GURO\]DEOHWDQQLQ FRQWHQWXVHVKRXOGEHDYRLGHGLQRUJDQLF NLGQH\GLVHDVHDQGIRUORQJHUWKDQGD\V FRQVHFXWLYHO\ Monographs 109 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Arnica montana (Arnica) P )ORZHUV A 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV KHOHQDOLQ C 9RODWLOHRLO )ODYRQRLGV $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A $QRG\QHDQDOJHVLF $QWLUKHXPDWLF 723,&$/86(21/< I 6SUDLQVEUXLVHVHGHPD IUDFWXUHV $UWKUDOJLD UKHXPDWLFMRLQWSDLQV F Asteraceae Medicinal Actions: • $QRG\QHDQDOJHVLF • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $QWLPLFURELDO • $QWLQHXUDOJLF • $QWLUKHXPDWLF • 5XEHIDFLHQW • 9XOQHUDU\ Constituents: • 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV KHOHQDOLQ Medicinal uses: • )ODYRQRLGV • TOPICAL USE ONLY. • 9RODWLOHRLO • $VDQH[WHUQDODJHQWLWLVXVHIXOIRUVSUDLQV • &RXPDULQV EUXLVHVKHPDWRPDVHGHPDIUDFWXUHVRYHU DUHDVRISKOHELWLVDQGWKURPERVLVDUWKUDOJLD • 1XWULHQWV&+2 PXFLODJHLQXOLQ $PLQHV DQGUKHXPDWLFMRLQWSDLQVDQGLQÀDPHG )DWW\DFLGV LQVHFWELWHV • 7UDFHDONDORLGV • ,VPRVWVSHFL¿FIRUEUXLVHVDQGPD\DOVREH XVHGDVDPDVVDJHRLOWRKHOSUHOLHYHPXVFOH VRUHQHVVDQGVWLIIQHVV 110 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Arnica montana (Arnica) Pharmacology: References: %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH • Sesquiterpene lactones (mainly helenalin) %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HUEDO$GMXQFWV DUHKLJKO\WR[LFLQWHUQDOO\EXWWRSLFDOO\DFWDV ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ DQDOJHVLFDQWLPLFURELDODQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ 3RVW ,DQQLWWL7HWDO(IIHFWLYHQHVVDQG6DIHW\RI$UQLFDPRQWDQDLQ3RVW6XUJLFDO DQGLPPXQRVWLPXODQW 6HWWLQJ3DLQDQG,QÀDPPDWLRQ$P-7KHU6HS .ODVV&HWDO6WXGLHVRQWKH$QWL,QÀDPPDWRU\$FWLYLW\RI3K\WRSKDUPDFHXWLFDOV A 3UHSDUHGIURP$UQLFD)ORZHUV3ODQWD0HG • 9RODWLOHRLOVDUHFRXQWHULUULWDQWDQWL .ODVV&HWDO,QÀXHQFHRIDQ$UQLFD*HORQWKHWUDQVFULSWLRQIDFWRU1)N%7KH LQÀDPPDWRU\DQGYXOQHUDU\ (XURSHDQ3K\WRMRXUQDO âXWRYVNi0HWDO&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQDQGSKDUPDFRG\QDPLFSURSHUWLHVRI$UQLFD PRQWDQDFRPSOH[,QW-%LRO0DFURPRO$XJ Pharmacy: • External use over intact skin only! )URPD7&0SHUVSHFWLYH$UQLFDIXQF WLRQVWRWUDQVIRUPEORRGVWDVLVDQGUH • 3RXOWLFHRUDSSOLFDWLRQRILQIXVLRQJFXSRU OLHYHSDLQ,WKDVDVWURQJWUDQVIRUPLQJ DUQLFDRLO H[WUDFWHGDW DQGGLVSHUVLQJDFWLRQGXHWRLW¶VDFULG • 2LQWPHQW RIWLQFWXUH DQGYHU\ZDUPHQHUJ\$UQLFDFRPELQHV DSSO\%,'7,' ZHOOZLWK+\SHULFXP &D\HQQHIRU H[WHUQDODSSOLFDWLRQVHVSHFLDOO\DVDQ RLORUDOFRKROEDVHGOLQLPHQW Toxicity: • ,QWHUQDOXVHPD\UHVXOWLQJDVWURHQWHULWLV DQGZLWKLQFUHDVLQJGRVDJHFDUGLDFDUUHVW GXHWRKHODQLQLQWHUIHULQJZLWKP\RFDUGLDO UHFRYHU\LQEHWZHHQFRQWUDFWLRQV+HODQDOLQ DQGLWVHVWHUVDUHVHQVLWL]LQJDJHQWVDQGDFW DVDOOHUJHQVFDQFDXVHPXVFOHSDUDO\VLV GHDWK • :LWKSURORQJHGH[WHUQDOXVHHGHPDWRXV GHUPDWLWLVPD\UHVXOWZLWKWKHIRUPDWLRQRI VPDOOYHVLFOHV • ,QWHUQDOXVHKDVWR[LFHIIHFWVRQWKHOLYHU NLGQH\VDQGHQWHURKHSDWLFFLUFXODWLRQ Contraindications: • $SSOLFDWLRQRYHUODUJHDUHDVRIEURNHQVNLQ RULQWHUQDOXVHXQOHVVXQGHUVXSHUYLVLRQRID TXDOL¿HGH[SHUW • $YRLGZLWKNQRZQDOOHUJ\WR$VWHUDFHDH IDPLO\ • 3UHJQDQF\ VSHFXODWLYH Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ Monographs 111 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood) P $HULDOSDUWV OHDI ÀRZHU A 9RODWLOHRLO D]XOHQHV WKXMRQH C 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV )ODYRQRLGV $QWKHOPLQWLF A %LWWHU 1HUYLQH (PPHQDJRJXH 2[\WRFLF 3DUDVLWHV URXQGZRUP SLQZRUP 7RSURPRWHDSSHWLWHDQGELOLDU\ I VHFUHWLRQV $QWLPDODULDO DQWLFDQFHU F Asteraceae Constituents: • (PPHQDJRJXH 8WHULQHVWLPXODQW • 9RODWLOHRLO WKXMRQHDEVLWRO D]XOHQHV • ,PPXQRVWLPXODQW • %LWWHUVHVTXLWHUSHQHV VHVTXLWHUSHQH • 1DUFRWLF 6HGDWLYH ODFWRQHV DUWHPLVLQLQDEVLQWKLQDUWDEVLQ VDQWRLQLQ Medicinal uses: • )ODYRQHJO\FRVLGHV • :LOO promote appetite and bile secretions • +\GUR[\FRXPDULQV DVZHOODVDEVRUSWLRQRIQXWULHQWVDQG • /LJQDQV GHFUHDVHELOHGXFWVSDVPZKLOHLQFUHDVLQJ HI¿FLHQWELOHGXFWFRQWUDFWLRQV&RQVLGHU LQFDVHVRIDQRUH[LD G\VSHSVLDDQG Medicinal Actions: FRQGLWLRQVLQYROYLQJLQVXI¿FLHQWÀRZRIJDVWULF • $QWKHOPLQWLF RUSDQFUHDWLFHQ]\PHVDQGELOH • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • 3RWHQWLDODQWKHOPLQWLF HVSHFLDOO\DJDLQVW URXQGZRUPDQGSLQZRUP DQWLPDODULDODQG • $QWLPLFURELDO DQWLFDQFHUSURSHUWLHV • $QWLQHRSODVWLF • &DQEHDSSOLHGWRSLFDOO\IRUUKHXPDWLFSDLQV • %LWWHU • &DUPLQDWLYH • &KROHUHWLF • 'LXUHWLF 112 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood) Pharmacology: Interactions:0D\QHHGWREHFRPELQHGZLWK • $]XOHQHLVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ LURQIRURSWLPDOHI¿FDF\ • Sesquiterpene lactones DEVLQWKLQ DUWDEVLQVDQWRLQLQ KDYHELWWHUDFWLRQZKLFK References: %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH VWLPXODWHVWDVWHEXGVDQGE\UHÀH[DFWLRQ ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH A &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ LQFUHDVHVDSSHWLWHJDVWULFVHFUHWLRQVELOH 3RVW ÀRZDQGSURPRWHVGLJHVWLRQ +D\QHV5HWDO&RQVLGHUDWLRQVRQWKHPHFKDQLVPRIDFWLRQRIDUWHPLVLQLQ DQWLPDODULDOV SDUWWKHµFDUERQUDGLFDO¶DQGµKHPH¶K\SRWKHVHV,QIHFW'LVRUG 'UXJ7DUJHWV$XJ • 6DQWRQLQLVDOVRLQVHFWLFLGDODQWLWXPRUDQG 0F0XOOHQ0HWDO%LWWHUWDVWDQWVDOWHUJDVWULFSKDVHSRVWSUDQGLDOKDHPRG\ QDPLFV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO-XO SDUDO\]HVZRUPV 0LOOV6 %RQH.3ULQFLSOHV 3UDFWLFHRI3K\WRWKHUDS\&KXUFKLOO/LYLQJVWRQH (GLQEXUJ 5DPD]DQL$HWDO,QYLWURDQWLSODVPRGLDODQGSK\WRFKHPLFDOVWXG\RI¿YH $UWHPLVLDVSHFLHVIURP,UDQDQGLQYLYRDFWLYLW\RIWZRVSHFLHV3DUDVLWRO5HV $XJ Pharmacy: 6KD¿*HWDO$UWHPLVLDDEVLQWKLXP $$ DQRYHOSRWHQWLDOFRPSOHPHQWDU\DQG DOWHUQDWLYHPHGLFLQHIRUEUHDVWFDQFHU0RO%LRO5HS-XO • ,QIXVLRQ JFXSZDWHU H[WUHPHO\ ELWWHU • 7LQFWXUH PO4'PO ZHHNO\PD[ :RUPZRRGLVUHIHUHQFHGLQWKH%LEOH DQGLQ6KDNHVSHDUHDVDPHWDSKRU • /RWLRQRURLOH[WHUQDOO\RYHULQWDFWVNLQ IRUKDUVKHYHQWV H[SHULHQFHVGXHWR • Use short-term or pulse-dosing LWVH[WUHPHO\ELWWHUSURSHUWLHV,WZDV ZHHNV DOVRXVHGLQ(XURSHWRPDNHYHUPRXWK DEVLQWKHEXWGXHWRLWVSRWHQWLDOWR FDXVHPHQWDOGHWHULRUDWLRQ HVSHFLDOO\ Toxicity: LQDGGLFWV LWLVODUJHO\QRORQJHUOHJDOWR • &RQVWLWXHQWthujone LVRODWHGDQGLQKLJK XVHDVDQLQJUHGLHQW GRVHV LVYHU\WR[LFWRWKH&16FDXVLQJ SDUDO\VLVGHFUHDVHGFRRUGLQDWLRQDQG HXSKRULF KDOOXFLQDWLRQV7KHVHHIIHFWVDUH VDLGWREHUHYHUVLEOH7KXMRQHLVQRWZHOO SUHVHUYHGLQZDWHUWKXVZDWHUH[WUDFWLRQVDUH VDIHUWKDQDOFRKROH[WUDFWLRQV • /RQJWHUPRUKLJKGRVLQJPD\LUULWDWH VWRPDFKDQGGDQJHURXVO\DIIHFWWKHKHDUW DQGDUWHULHV Contraindications: • ,QSUHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQGXHWRXWHULQH VWLPXODQWHIIHFWV • &DXWLRQLQJDVWULFDQGSHSWLFXOFHUVLUULWDEOH QHUYRXVVWDWHVDQGVHL]XUHGLVRUGHUV • .QRZQDOOHUJ\WR$VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\ Monographs 113 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) P $HULDOSDUWV A 9RODWLOHRLO WKXMRQH C 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV )ODYRQRLGV $QWKHOPLQWLF A %LWWHU 1HUYLQH (PPHQDJRJXH 2[\WRFLF 'LJHVWLYHLQVXI¿FLHQF\ (DVHVGHSUHVVLRQ QHUYRXVWHQVLRQ I '\VPHQRUUKHD IXQFWLRQDO DPHQRUUKHD F Asteraceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 9RODWLOHRLO WKXMRQHERUQHRO SLQHQH • 6XSSRUWVGLJHVWLRQDVDELWWHUPD\EHXVHG • 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV wherever digestive stimulation is needed RUWKURXJKFDUPLQDWLYHDFWLRQVFRQIHUUHGE\ • )ODYRQRLGV WKHYRODWLOHRLOVLWFRQWDLQV • &RXPDULQV • 0LOGQHUYLQHDFWLRQPD\KHOSHDVH • %LWWHUSULQFLSOH GHSUHVVLRQDQGWHQVLRQ • 7DQQLQV • ,VVSHFL¿FIRUdysmenorrhea and functional amenorrheaDQGSURPRWHV QRUPDOPHQVWUXDOÀRZ Medicinal Actions: • Potential anthelmintic HVSHFLDOO\DJDLQVW • $QWKHOPLQWLF URXQGZRUPDQGSLQZRUP DQWLPDODULDODQG DQWLFDQFHUSURSHUWLHV • %LWWHU • &RPPRQO\XVHGDVPR[LEXVWLRQLQWUDGLWLRQDO • &DUPLQDWLYH &KLQHVHPHGLFLQH • &KROHUHWLF • 'LDSKRUHWLF Pharmacology: • 'LXUHWLF • Volatile oils LQFOXGLQJWKXMRQH DUHDQWL • (PPHQDJRJXH LQÀDPPDWRU\DQWLPLFURELDO F\WRWR[LF • 1HUYLQHWRQLF 114 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) • ThujoneLVSUHVHQWLQORZDPRXQWVKRZHYHU LQKLJKGRVHVLVWR[LFWRWKHQHUYRXVV\VWHP DQGDQDERUWLIDFLHQW/RZGRVHVDUHDQWL 0R[LEXVWLRQWKHUDS\WRROVDUHRIWHQ IXQJDODQWLPLFURELDOHPPHQDJRJXHDQG PDGHIURPDFORVHO\UHODWHGVSHFLHVRI LPPXQRVWLPXODQW 0XJZRUW Artemisia argy ,WLVXVXDOO\ A DJHGJURXQGWRDÀXIIDQGWKHQEXUQHG Pharmacy: RUIXUWKHUSURFHVVHGLQWRDFLJDUVKDSHG VWLFNWKDWFDQEHXVHGLQGLUHFWO\ZLWK • ,QIXVLRQ WEVSFXS7,' DFXSXQFWXUHQHHGOHVRULVEXUQHGRQ • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'40 ml WRSRIWKHVNLQ weekly max. • &DSVXOHV JGULHGKHUE7,' Toxicity: • +LJKGRVHVPD\LQWHUIHUHZLWKDEVRUSWLRQRI QXWULHQWV • .QRZQDOOHUJ\WR$VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\ • &RQVWLWXHQWthujone LVRODWHGDQGLQKLJK GRVHV LVYHU\WR[LFWRWKH&16FDXVLQJ SDUDO\VLVGHFUHDVHGFRRUGLQDWLRQDQG HXSKRULF KDOOXFLQDWLRQV7KHVHHIIHFWVDUH VDLGWREHUHYHUVLEOH7KXMRQHLVQRWZHOO SUHVHUYHGLQZDWHUWKXVZDWHUH[WUDFWLRQVDUH VDIHUWKDQDOFRKROH[WUDFWLRQV Contraindications: • ,QSUHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQGXHWRXWHULQH VWLPXODQWHIIHFWV • .QRZQDOOHUJ\WR$VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\ Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ References: &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW 'HQJ+ 6KHQ;7KHPHFKDQLVPRIPR[LEXVWLRQ DQFLHQWWKHRU\DQGPRGHUQ UHVHDUFK(YLG%DVHG&RPSOHPHQW$OWHUQDW0HG +R:HWDO$UWHPLVLQLQV SKDUPDFRORJLFDODFWLRQVEH\RQGDQWLPDODULDO3KDUPD FRO7KHU$SU 0F0XOOHQ0HWDO%LWWHUWDVWDQWVDOWHUJDVWULFSKDVHSRVWSUDQGLDOKDHPRG\QDP LFV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO-XO 6DQMHHY.HWDO$UWHPLVLQLQV WKHLUJURZLQJLPSRUWDQFHLQPHGLFLQH7UHQGVLQ 3KDUPDFRORJLFDO6FLHQFHV9ROXPH ,VVXH2FWREHU3DJHV± Monographs 115 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Astragalus membranaceus (Milk Vetch) P 5RRW A 7ULWHUSHQRLGVDSRQLQV DVWUDJDORVLGHV C 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV 3K\WRVWHUROV LVRÀDYRQHV $GDSWRJHQ A ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU +HSDWRSURWHFWLYH ,PPXQRGH¿FLHQF\ ,PSURYHHQHUJ\ SK\VLFDOHQGXUDQFH I 6LGHHIIHFWVRIFKHPRWKHUDS\ UDGLDWLRQ F Fabaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 7ULWHUSHQRLGVDSRQLQV DVWUDJDORVLGHV • $SSHDUVWRraise immune resistanceE\ VWUHQJWKHQLQJERWKQRQVSHFL¿F VSHFL¿F • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV LPPXQLW\FRPEDWLQJJHQHUDOLQIHFWLRQVRIDOO • 3K\WRVWHUROV LVRÀDYRQHV NLQGV • $PLQR$FLGV *$%$ • $FODVVLFHQHUJ\WRQLFWKDWLPSURYHVSK\VLFDO • )ODYRQRLGV HQGXUDQFHE\KHOSLQJWKHERG\DGDSWWR H[WHUQDOVWUHVVIXOLQÀXHQFHV+DVEHHQXVHG VLQFHDQFLHQWWLPHVLQWUDGLWLRQDO&KLQHVH Medicinal Actions: PHGLFLQHDVDZDUPLQJ \DQJ WRQLF • $GDSWRJHQ • &RQWUROVERG\ÀXLGVDQGLVXVHGWRFRQWURO H[FHVVLYHVZHDWLQJQLJKWVZHDWVDQGUHOLHYH • $QWLR[LGDQW ÀXLGUHWHQWLRQ • &DUGLRWRQLF QHJDWLYHFKURQRWURSH LQRWURSH • ,VXVHIXOLQcancer patientsXQGHUJRLQJ • 'LXUHWLF FKHPRWKHUDS\DQGUDGLDWLRQZKRH[SHULHQFH VLGHHIIHFWVVXFKDVLPPXQRVXSSUHVVLRQ • +HSDWRSURWHFWLYH QDXVHDYRPLWLQJORVVRIDSSHWLWHZHLJKWORVV • +\SRJO\FHPLF KDLUORVVIDWLJXHDQGVHFRQGDU\LQIHFWLRQV • ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU GHHSLPPXQHWRQLF Pharmacology: • PolysaccharidesDUHODUJHO\UHVSRQVLEOHIRU LPPXQRORJLFHIIHFWV VWLPXODWHSKDJRF\WRVLV DQGLQWHUIHURQSURGXFWLRQ KRZHYHUWULWHUSHQH 116 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Astragalus membranaceus (Milk Vetch) VDSRQLQV DVWUDJDORVLGHV DQGÀDYRQRLGV • 6SOHHQWUDQVSODQW PD\FDXVHJUDIWUHMHFWLRQ FRQWULEXWHV\QHUJLVWLFDOO\DQGKHOSH[SODLQ DQGLPPXQHVWLPXODWLRQ WKHSODQWVG\QDPLVP6WXGLHVLQGLFDWHWKDW WKHSRO\VDFFKDULGHVLQWHQVLW\SKDJRF\WRVLV VWLPXODWHSLWXLWDU\DGUHQDOFRUWLFDODFWLYLW\DQG Interactions: UHVWRUHGHSOHWHGUHGEORRGFHOOIRUPDWLRQLQ • 0D\WKHRUHWLFDOO\UHGXFHDEVRUSWLRQRIPDQ\ A ERQHPDUURZ DJHQWVLIWDNHQVLPXOWDQHRXVO\ • Triterpenoid saponins (astragalosides) DOVR • $OVRUHGXFHVWKHVLGHHIIHFWV WR[LFLW\RIVRPH KDYHDSRVLWLYHO\LQRWURSLFDFWLRQRQWKHKHDUW GUXJVDVLWLVDKHSDWRSURWHFWLYH VWLPXODWH1.FHOOVDQGDUHKHSDWRSURWHFWLYH DJDLQVWFKHPLFDOO\LQGXFHGOLYHULQMXU\E\ • $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHWDFWLYLW\ LQFUHDVHWKHDFWLYLW\RIKHSDWLFO\VR]\PHV WKHRUHWLFDO WLVVXHGHK\GURJHQDVHDQGOLYHUJO\FRJHQ • 0D\GHFUHDVHEORRGJOXFRVHZLWKDQWLGLDEHWLF • FlavonoidsPRGXODWHWKHV\QWKHVLVRI DJHQWVDQGSRWHQWLDWHHIIHFWVRIGLXUHWLFV HLFRVDQRLGV LQKLELWSKRVSKROLSDVH$LQFUHDVH DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHV GRSDPLQHUJLFDJHQWV 3*)DQGF$03 DVZHOODVSUHYHQWSODWHOHW • 0D\LQKLELWHIIHFWRILPPXQRVXSSUHVVDQWV HJ DJJUHJDWLRQDQGFRXQWHUWKHHIIHFWVRIPDVWFHOO &\FORVSRULQH FRUWLFRVWHURLGV DQGSRWHQWLDWH VXEVWDQFHV WKHHIIHFWVRIUHFRPELQDQWLQWHUOHXNLQ LQWHUIHURQDQGLQWHUIHURQWKHUDS\ Pharmacy: • 'HFRFWLRQ WEVSFXSZDWHUEULQJWRERLO References: $QRQ0RQRJUDSK $VWUDJDOXVPHPEUDQDFHRXV$OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH5HYLHZ VLPPHUPLQ7,' 9ROXPH1XPEHU %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH • 7LQFWXUH PO4'POZHHNO\ ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HUEDO$GMXQFWV PD[ ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ • &DSVXOHV PJVWDQGDUGL]HGH[WUDFW 3RVW 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH LVRÀDYRQHV 7,' 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ 0LOOHU$/%RWDQLFDO,QÀXHQFHVRQFDUGLRYDVFXODUGLVHDVH$OWHUQ0HG5HY :X7DL[LDQJHWDO&KLQHVHPHGLFDOKHUEVIRUFKHPRWKHUDS\VLGHHIIHFWVLQ FRORUHFWDOFDQFHUSDWLHQWV&RFKUDQH5HYLHZV ,VVXH-RKQ:LOH\DQG6RQV Toxicity: • 1RDGYHUVHHIIHFWVZLWKUHFRPPHQGHGGRVDJH • 0D\GHFUHDVHEORRGJOXFRVHEORRGSUHVVXUH KHDUWUDWHLQFUHDVHJURZWKKRUPRQHDQG GLXUHVLV • 0D\FDXVH*,7XSVHWGXHWRVDSRQLQV Contraindications: • 8VHFDXWLRQLQDFXWHLQIHFWLRQVDXWRLPPXQH GLVHDVHK\SRWHQVLRQK\SRJO\FHPLD EUDG\FDUGLDHOHFWURO\WHZDWHULPEDODQFHV JURZWKKRUPRQHDQGLQÀDPPDWRU\VNLQ GLVRUGHUV • 3UHJQDQF\ /DFWDWLRQ Monographs 117 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Atropa belladonna (Deadly nightshade) P :KROH+HUE A 7URSDQHDONDORLGV DWURSLQH C 9RODWLOHS\ULGLQH S\UUROLGLQHEDVHV )ODYRQRLGV $QDOJHVLF A $QWLVSDVPRGLF 6HFUHWRO\WLF 7RSLFDOO\IRUSDLQ I 0XVFOHVSDVPV 5HGXFHH[HVVLYHERGLO\VHFUHWLRQV F Solanaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 7URSDQHDONDORLGV K\RVF\DPLQHDWURSLQH • Applied TOPICALLYIRUSDLQUHOLHI DFKHV VFRSRODPLQHK\RVFLQH EHOODGRQQLQH SDLQV LQMXULHV • 9RODWLOHS\ULGLQH S\UUROLGLQHEDVHV • :KHQWDNHQLQWHUQDOO\H[HUWDQWLFKROLQHUJLF HIIHFWVDQGLVPRVWRIWHQXVHGIRULWV • )ODYRQRLGV VFRSROHWLQVFRSROLQ antispasmodic effects on the digestive NDHPSIHURO TXHUFHWLQGHULYDWLYHV tract ZLWKODUJHGRVHVDIIHFWLQJWKHFHQWUDO QHUYRXVV\VWHP Medicinal Actions: • $QDOJHVLF Pharmacology: • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • Tropane alkaloids K\RVF\DPLQH VFRSRODPLQH DUHDQWLFKROLQHUJLF SRVLWLYHO\ • 1DUFRWLF DGUHQHUJLF V\PSDWKRPLPHWLF FDXVLQJDQ • 6HFUHWRO\WLF LQKLELWLRQRISDUDV\PSDWKHWLFDQGVWLPXODWLRQ RIV\PSDWKHWLFQHUYHVYLDFRPSHWLWLYH LQKLELWLRQRIDFHW\OFKROLQH • 3ULPDULO\EORFNPXVFDULQLFDFHW\OFKROLQH UHFHSWRUVUHVXOWLQJLQVPRRWKPXVFOH UHOD[DWLRQLQKLELWLRQRIVHFUHWLRQRI JDVWURLQWHVWLQDOWUDFWDQGSURPRWLQJ analgesia 118 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Atropa belladonna (Deadly nightshade) • (IIHFWVOHDGWRLQFUHDVHGLQWUDRFXODUSUHVVXUH Interactions:1RQHUHSRUWHGEXWPD\WKHRUHWL GLSORSLDUHGXFWLRQRIERGLO\VHFUHWLRQV FDOO\LQWHUDFWZLWKDQWLFKROLQHUJLF V\PSD LQKLELWLRQRIYDJXVQHUYH WDFK\FDUGLD WKRPLPHWLFKHUEVDQGPHGLFDWLRQV LQFUHDVHGFDUGLDFRXWSXWDQGUDLVHGEORRG SUHVVXUH UHGXFHGWRQHLQDOOVPRRWK PXVFOHV YDVRGLODWLRQEURQFKLDOGLODWLRQ References: A %HUGDL0HWDO$WURSDEHOODGRQQDLQWR[LFDWLRQ DFDVHUHSRUW3DQ$IU0HG UHGXFHGSHULVWDOVLV - %RJDQ5HWDO3ODVPDOHYHORIDWURSLQHDIWHUDFFLGHQWDOLQJHVWLRQRI$WURSD EHOODGRQQD&OLQ7R[LFRO 3KLOD -XO &DEUHUD&%,10/HFWXUHQRWHV 7R[LFRORJ\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ Pharmacy: 3RVW 1DXPDQQ$HWDO'LVFULPLQDWLRQRI6RODQDFHDHWD[DDQGTXDQWL¿FDWLRQRI VFRSRODPLQHDQGK\RVF\DPLQHE\$75)7,5VSHFWURVFRS\3ODQWD0HG • 7LQFWXUH WDNHGURSVWZLFH 2FW DGD\WRDPD[RIPO,QFUHDVHE\GURS HYHU\WKUHHGD\VXQWLOGU\PRXWKDQGYLVXDO GLVWXUEDQFHVDSSHDU5HGXFHE\GURS HDFKGD\XQWLOVLGHHIIHFWVGLVDSSHDU10 ml %HOODGRQQDLVH[WUHPHO\SRLVRQRXV weekly max. KRZHYHUVRPHJUD]LQJDQLPDOVHDWWKH • 7RSLFDOLQORWLRQFUHDPVDQGOLQLPHQWV SODQWDQGEHUULHVZLWKRXWKDYLQJLOOHI IHFWVEXWKXPDQVZKRHDWWKHPHDWRI VXFKDQLPDOVFDQEHFRPHVHULRXVO\LOO Toxicity: 3HRSOHZKRKDQGOHWKHSODQWFDQKDYH WKHSRLVRQDEVRUEHGWKURXJKWKHLUVNLQ • First sign of toxicity is dry mouth & eyes. DQGWKRVHWKDWFRPHLQGLUHFWFRQWDFW • 'RQRWXVHLQODUJHRUFRQWLQXRXVGRVHV ZLWKWKHVDSPD\H[SHULHQFHVHYHUH &KLOGUHQDUHHVSHFLDOO\VHQVLWLYHWRWKH GHUPDWLWLVDVZHOO WR[LFLW\RIEHOODGRQQD • 6LJQVRIWR[LFLW\ 'U\PRXWKÀXVKLQJVNLQKRW DQGGU\P\GULDVLV SXSLOGLODWLRQ LQFUHDVHG UHVSLUDWRU\UDWHDQGYROXPHLQFUHDVHG WHPSHUDWXUHLQFKLOGUHQSDOSLWDWLRQV LQFUHDVHGSXOVHUDWHDQGEORRGSUHVVXUH XQFRRUGLQDWHGPRYHPHQWVLQFRKHUHQW VSHHFKPHPRU\GLVWXUEHGGLVRULHQWDWLRQ XULQDU\XUJHQF\GLI¿FXOWXULQDWLRQH\HSDLQ EOXUUHGYLVLRQVHQVLWLYLW\WROLJKWG\VSKDJLD JUHDWWKLUVWQDXVHDYRPLWLQJGLDUUKHD GHOLULXPUHVWOHVVQHVVFRQIXVLRQ ODWHU GHSUHVVHGFHUHEUDODQGQHXUDODFWLYLW\ VWXSRUFLUFXODWRU\FROODSVHFRPDDQGGHDWK IURPFHQWULFUHVSLUDWRU\SDUDO\VLV Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ Monographs 119 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Avena sativa (Oats) $HULDOSDUWV PLON\RDWVHHGWRSVDQG P RUVWUDZ A 1XWULHQWV &+23URWHLQV DYHQLQV C 7ULWHUSHQRLGVDSRQLQV DYHQRFRVLGHV ,QGROHDONDORLGV JUDPLQH 1HUYLQHWRQLF 7URSKRUHVWRUDWLYH A 'HPXOFHQW (PROOLHQW 9XOQHUDU\ 1XWULWLYH 1HUYRXVH[KDXVWLRQ DQ[LHW\ I ,QÀDPPDWRU\VNLQGLVRUGHUV F Poaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 0XFLODJH 6WDUFK • Oat StrawLVKLJKHULQVLOLFD PLQHUDOV • 7ULWHUSHQRLGVDSRQLQV DYHQRFRVLGHV KDVFRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHUHVWRUDWLYHTXDOLWLHV IRUERQHVPXVFOHVWHQGRQV QHUYHV7KH • 3URWHLQV DYHQLQV KLJKOHYHOVRIVLOLFLFDFLGLQWKHVWUDZH[SODLQ • ,QGROHDONDORLGV JUDPLQH LWVXVHDVDUHPHG\IRUVNLQFRQGLWLRQ HVSHFLDOO\LQH[WHUQDODSSOLFDWLRQV • 6LOLFLFDFLGHVWHUV DNDPLON\JUHHQRDWVRU • 1XWULHQWV KLJKVRXUFHRI9LWDPLQ( % • Oat seed tops VHHGRIXQULSHSODQWV LVKLJKHULQVDSRQLQV LURQPDQJDQHVH]LQFFDOFLXP DONDORLGVDQGLVQHXURWRQLF DQDGDSWRJHQLF • )ODYRQRLGV QHUYLQHXVHIXOLQDQ[LHW\ ODVVLWXGH • 2YHUDOOLVDnervous system Medicinal Actions: trophorestorative, is nutritive in cases of debility from anxiety, depression & • $QWLVSDVPRGLF fatigue.7DNHQRYHUWLPHZLOOLQFUHDVHRQH¶V • &DUGLRWRQLF VWDPLQDDQGVWUHQJWK:LOO³IHHG´WKHQHUYRXV V\VWHPHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQXQGHUVWUHVVDQG • 'HPXOFHQW (PROOLHQW 9XOQHUDU\ LVVSHFL¿FLQFDVHVRIQHUYRXVGHELOLW\DQG • 1HUYLQHWRQLF 1HUYRXV6\VWHP H[KDXVWLRQHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQDVVRFLDWHGZLWK 7URSKRUHVWRUDWLYH GHSUHVVLRQ • 1XWULWLRQDO 120 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Avena sativa (Oats) Pharmacology: References: %OXPHQWKDO0*ROGEHUJ$%ULQFNPDQQ-HGLWRUV+HUEDO0HGLFLQH ([SDQGHG&RPPLVVLRQ(0RQRJUDSKV$XVWLQ7; $PHULFDQ%RWDQLFDO&RXQFLO • +LJKstarch FRQWHQWDFWVDVDGHPXOFHQW %RVWRQ ,QWHJUDWLYH0HGLFLQH&RPPXQLFDWLRQV HPROOLHQWDQGYXOQHUDU\ %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ • Triterpenoid saponins DYHQRFRVLGHV DUH 3RVW .DXNLQHQ.HWDO/RQJ7HUP&RQVXPSWLRQRI2DWVLQ$GXOW&HOLDF'LVHDVH DQWLIXQJDO 3DWLHQWV1XWULHQWV A 0LWFKHOO:3ODQW0HGLFLQH 7KH%DVW\U Toxicity: • 1RQHH[SHFWHGZLWKLQUHFRPPHQGHGGRVH UDQJH Contraindications: • 8VHFDXWLRQLQWKRVHZLWKFHOLDFRUNQRZQ JOXWHQVHQVLWLYLW\GXHWRDYHQLQFRQWHQW Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ Monographs 121 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) P Aerial 6WHURLGDO 7ULSWHUSHQHVDSRQLQV B C $ONDORLGV EUDKPLQH 3K\WRVWHUROV $GDSWRJHQ A &RJQLWLRQ PHPRU\HQKDQFHU 1HUYLQH7RQLF 6HGDWLYH 3RRUPHPRU\DQGFRQFHQWUDWLRQ I ,QVRPQLDVWUHVVDQGDQ[LHW\ $VWKPDEURQFKLWLVDQGK\SHUWHQVLRQ Constituents: • 6WHURLGDO 7ULSWHUSHQHVDSRQLQV F Plantaginaceae EDFRVLGHV EDFRVLQH • $ONDORLGV EUDKPLQH KHUSHVWDWLQH Medicinal uses: • %HWXOLFDFLG • +DVDUHSXWDWLRQIRUHQKDQFLQJFLUFXODWLRQ WRWKHEUDLQWKHUHE\LQFUHDVLQJVKRUWDQG • 3K\WRVWHUROV VWLJPDVWDURO EHWDVLWRVWHURO ORQJWHUPPHPRU\LPSURYLQJFRQFHQWUDWLRQ PHQWDOSHUIRUPDQFH FRJQLWLYHIXQFWLRQDV Medicinal Actions: DZKROH • $GDSWRJHQ • &DQEHXVHGLQdisorders of the nervous systemVXFKDVLQVRPQLDDQ[LHW\VWUHVV • $OWHUDWLYH $O]KHLPHU¶VDQG3DUNLQVRQ¶VGLVHDVH • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • &DQEHWDNHQLQWHUQDOO\RUDSSOLHGWRSLFDOO\ • $QWLR[LGDQW IRUUKHXPDWLFFRQGLWLRQVMRLQWSDLQDQG QHXUDOJLDV • $SKURGLVLDF • +DVDYDVRGLODWRU\ UHOD[LQJHIIHFWRQ • %LWWHU WKHFDUGLRUHVSLUDWRU\V\VWHP HJ$VWKPD • &DUGLRWRQLF EURQFKLWLVDQGK\SHUWHQVLRQ • &RJQLWLRQ PHPRU\HQKDQFHU • 1HUYLQH7RQLF 6HGDWLYH Pharmacology: • Steroidal & Triterpenoid saponins (bacosides)LQFUHDVHSURWHLQNLQDVH DFWLYLW\SURWHLQV\QWKHVLVLQWKHORQJWHUP PHPRU\EUDLQUHJLRQVDQGDUHUHVSRQVLEOH IRUFRJQLWLYHHIIHFWVDQGHQKDQFHGQHUYH 122 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) LPSXOVHWUDQVPLVVLRQ EDODQFHV*$%$DQG Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ JOXWDPDWHOHYHOVLQWKHEUDLQ • %DFRVLQHKDVDQDOJHVLFHIIHFWV References: • 7KHDONDORLGEUDKPLQHLVWR[LFLQYHU\ODUJH $JXLDU6 %RURZVNL71HXURSKDUPDFRORJLFDOUHYLHZRIWKHQRRWURSLFKHUE %DFRSDPRQQLHUD5HMXYHQDWLRQ5HV$XJ GRVHV %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ B 3RVW Pharmacy: .DSRRU/&5&+DQGERRNRI$\UXYHGLFPHGLFLQDOSODQWV%RFD5DWRQ)OD • 7LQFWXUH PO4' PO 0RQRJUDSK %DFRSDPRQQLHUD$OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH5HYLHZ 9ROXPH 1XPEHU 6DQGX',QGLDQWKHUDSHXWLFVQGHG'HKOL ZHHN • 6WDQGDUGL]HGH[WUDFW EDFRVLGHV$ % PJ4' • Note:0D\WDNHZHHNVWRVHHHIIHFWV Toxicity: • 1RDGYHUVHHIIHFWVUHSRUWHGRUH[SHFWHG 0D\FDXVHJDVWULFLUULWDWLRQRIWKHJDVWULF PXFRVDPHPEUDQHVDQGUHÀX[GXHWR VDSRQLQFRQWHQW Contraindications: 1RQH.QRZQ Monographs 123 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Baptisia tinctoria (Wild Indigo) P 5RRW 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV DUDELQRJDODFWDQV B C ,VRÀDYRQHV JHQLVWHLQ $ONDORLGV /\PSKDWLF $QWLPLFURELDO LPPXQRVWLPXODQW A $QWLFDWDUUKDO $FXWHLQIHFWLRQVZLWKH[FHVVLYH I PXFRXVSURGXFWLRQIHYHU HQODUJHG O\PSKDWLFJODQGV Constituents: F Fabaceae • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV DUDELQRJDODFWDQV *O\FRSURWHLQV Medicinal uses: • 4XLQROL]LGLQHDONDORLGV F\WLVLQHDQDJ\ULQH VSDUWHLQH IRUPRQRQHWLQ • 6KRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGZKHQHYHUWKHUHLV acute infection WRVXSSRUWDQGVWLPXODWHWKH • ,VRÀDYRQHV JHQLVWHLQ ERG\¶VRZQLPPXQHUHVSRQVH,WLVHVSHFLDOO\ • )ODYRQRLGV XVHIXOLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRILQIHFWLRQVDQGZLWK • &RXPDULQV VFRSROHWLQH FDWDUUKRUH[FHVVLYHPXFRXVSURGXFWLRQLQ WKHHDUQRVHDQGWKURDWDQGPD\EHXVHG • %LWWHUSULQFLSOH EDSWLVLQ IRUODU\QJLWLVSKDU\QJLWLVWRQVLOOLWLVUKLQLWLV • 2OHRUHVLQ DQGVLQXVLWLV Medicinal Actions: • ,VKHOSIXOLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIHQODUJHG LQÀDPHGO\PSKJODQGVDQGDOVRWRUHGXFH • $OWHUDWLYH IHYHUV • $QWLFDWDUUKDO • $QWLPLFURELDO Pharmacology: • (PHWLF SXUJDWLYH KLJKGRVHV • ,VRÁDYRQHV JHQLVWHLQ DUHPLOGO\ • (PPHQDJRJXH SK\WRHVWURJHQLF • )HEULIXJH • Alkaloids LQFOXGLLQJF\WLVLQHPD\DFFRXQW • ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU LPPXQRVWLPXODQW IRUDQWLPLFURELDODQGHPHWLFTXDOLWLHVZKHQ WDNHQLQODUJHGRVHV • /D[DWLYH • 6SDUWHLQHPD\KDYHFDUGLRYDVFXODU • /\PSKDWLF R[\WRFLFHIIHFWV 124 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Baptisia tinctoria (Wild Indigo) • *O\FRSURWHLQVDUHLPPXQRPRGXODWLQJ Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHVDQGSURWHLQVDUHEHOLHYHGWR VWLPXODWHWKHLPPXQHV\VWHPYLDLQFUHDVLQJ References: WKH:%&VDQGWRLPSURYLQJWKHHQGRJHQRXV %DQHUML3HWDO(I¿FDF\RI%DSWLVLDWLQFWRULDLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIW\SKRLG LWV SRVVLEOHUROHLQLQGXFLQJDQWLERG\IRUPDWLRQ-&RPSOHPHQW,QWHJU0HG GHIHQVHUHDFWLRQ -XO $UWLFOH &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ &ODVVHQ%HWDO,PPXQRPRGXODWRU\HIIHFWVRIDUDELQRJDODFWDQSURWHLQVIURP %DSWLVLDDQG(FKLQDFHD3K\WRPHGLFLQH1RY B &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ Pharmacy: 3RVW 0LWFKHOO:3ODQW0HGLFLQH 7KH%DVW\U Toxicity: • ,QKLJKGRVHVFRXOGQDXVHDYRPLWLQJ DQRUH[LDK\SHUVDOLYDWLRQWDFK\SQHD WDFK\FDUGLDDQGUHVSLUDWRU\SDUDO\VLV Contraindications: • /RQJWHUPXVHRUKLJKGRVHV • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ Monographs 125 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Berberis aquifolium (Oregon Grape) P ,QQHUEDUNRIURRW VWHP ,VRTXLQROLQHDONDORLGV B C )ODYRQRLGV 7DQQLQV $OWHUDWLYH %LWWHU $QWLPLFURELDO A +HSDWLFVWLPXODQW &KRODJRJXH &KROHUHWLF ,QIHFWLRQV HJ%DFWHULDOYLUDORU IXQJDO I ,QÀDPPDWRU\VNLQFRQGLWLRQV +HSDWRELOLDU\LQVXI¿FLHQF\ F Berberidaceae Constituents: • ,VRTXLQROLQHDONDORLGV EHUEHULQH Medicinal uses: EHUEDPLQHSDOPDWLQH • $WUDGLWLRQDOUHPHG\IRUcorrecting liver • )ODYRQRLGV functionDQGSURPRWLQJWKHÀRZRIELOH,W LVLQGLFDWHGZKHQJDOOVWRQHVRUJDOOEODGGHU • 7DQQLQV LQÀDPPDWLRQLVSUHVHQWDQGZKHQMDXQGLFH • 3K\WRVWHUROV RFFXUVGXHWRDFRQJHVWHGVWDWHRIWKHOLYHU • &KHOLGRQLFDFLG • $VDELWWHUWRQLFZLWKPLOGOD[DWLYHHIIHFWVLW • 5HVLQV KHOSVVWUHQJWKHQDQGFOHDQVHWKHV\VWHPLQ ZHDNRUGHELOLWDWHGSHRSOH Medicinal Actions: • $QLGHDOalterative for skin conditionVGXH • $OWHUDWLYH WROLYHUWR[LFLW\DQGIRUFKURQLFVNLQGLVHDVHV • $QWLPLFURELDO OLNHSVRULDVLVDQGDFQHFDQEHXVHGWRSLFDOO\ RULQWHUQDOO\ • $QWLQHRSODVWLF • $VDWRQLFZLOOVWUHQJWKHQWKHZKROHV\VWHP • $VWULQJHQW DQGLVRIJUHDWXVHLQIHYHUDQGinfections • %LWWHU of all kinds.$VDQDQWLPLFURELDOFDQ WUHDWFDQGLGLDVLVDWDQ\VLWHDVZHOODV • +HSDWLFVWLPXODQW FKRODJRJXH FKROHUHWLF JDVWURHQWHULWLVDQG+3\ORULLQIHFWLRQ +HSDWRSURWHFWLYH • ,QÀDPPDWRU\PRGXODWLQJ • /D[DWLYH PLOG 126 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Berberis aquifolium (Oregon Grape) Pharmacology: Interactions: • Isoquinoline alkaloids EHUEHULQH • ,QFUHDVHVJXWPRWLOLW\WKXVPD\GHFUHDVH EHUEDPLQH DUHDQWLPLFURELDOLQKLELW DEVRUSWLRQRIPDQ\GUXJVLIWDNHQVLPXO SODWHOHWDJJUHJDWLRQDQGDGKHVLRQ WDQHRXVO\ WKHRUHWLFDO VWLPXODWHLQWHVWLQDOFRQWUDFWLRQFKRODJRJXH KHSDWRSURWHFWLYHLPPXQRVWLPXODQWDQG F\WRWR[LF References: B %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH • %HUEHULQHGLVSODFHVDOEXPLQIURPELOLUXELQ ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH WKXVWKLVKHUEPD\EHKDUPIXOGXULQJODWHU %ULQNHU)(FOHFWLF&DVH+LVWRULHV 3VRULDVLV7UHDWPHQWZLWK2UHJRQ*UDSH ([WUDFWV-RXUQDORIWKH$PHULFDQ+HUEDOLVWV*XLOG9ROXPH1XPEHU VWDJHVRISUHJQDQF\ &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW (OOLQJZRRG) /OR\G-8 .LQJ¶V$PHULFDQ'LVSHQVDWRU\HGUHY3RUWODQG Pharmacy: • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSVLPPHUPLQ7,' )HOWHU+: /OR\G-8 .LQJ¶V$PHULFDQ'LVSHQVDWRU\HGUHY3RUWODQG • 7LQFWXUH PO4'PO ZHHNO\PD[ • 'ULHGEDUN J7,' 7KHDQWLPLFURELDODFWLYLW\RIBerberis LVPRVWSURQRXQFHGLQWKHFRORQVLQFH Toxicity: LWVDONDORLGV HJEHUEHULQH DUH • 7KHRUHWLFDOO\FRXOGFDXVHLQWHVWLQDORU WLPHVDVEDFWHULFLGDOLQDONDOLQHS+DV YDJLQDOG\VELRVLVE\XVLQJH[WUHPHGRVHVRI LQQHXWUDOHQYLURQPHQW,WFRQWDLQVWKH VWDQGDUGL]HGH[WUDFWV VDPHDONDORLGVDVERWK*ROGHQVHDO %DUEHUU\7UDGLWLRQDOIRUPXODVRIWHQ FRPELQH%HUEHULVVSSZLWK&DVFDUD Contraindications: *HQWLDQ*LQJHU 'DQGHOLRQIRUD • $YRLGGXULQJSUHJQDQF\ YDULHW\RIJDVWURLQWHVWLQDOGLVRUGHUV • /LPLWORQJWHUPXVH DEVROXWHPD[PRQWKV FRQVHFXWLYH Monographs 127 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Betula pendula/alba (Birch) P /HDI %DUN 6DOLF\ODWHV PHWK\OVDOLF\ODWHV B C 7DQQLQV 9RODWLOHRLO $QDOJHVLF A $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ $OWHUDWLYH 'LXUHWLF &KURQLFLQÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQVRIDOO NLQGV HJ5KHXPDWLVP JRXW I &\VWLWLV UHQDOFDOFXOL 7RSLFDOO\LQP\DOJLD F Betulaceae Constituents: • 'LDSKRUHWLF • )ODYRQRLGV K\SHURVLGHTXHUFLWLQ • 'LXUHWLF OXWHROLQ • 9RODWLOHRLO Medicinal uses: • 6DOLF\ODWHV PHWK\OVDOLF\ODWHV • 3URPRWHVWKHGHWR[LÀFDWLRQRIZDVWH • 7DQQLQV products IURPWKHERG\ VXFKDVXULFDFLG • 5HVLQV DQGFDQEHXVHGLQFKURQLFVNLQUDVKHV DUWKULWLVUKHXPDWLVPJRXWPXVFXODUDQG • 6DSRQLQV DUWKULWLFSDLQ • %HWXOLQ EHWXOLQLFDFLG • ,VLQGLFDWHGLQF\VWLWLVDQGUHQDOVWRQHVDVLW • $VFRUELFDFLG YLWDPLQ& LUULJDWHVWKHXULQDU\WUDFWZKLOHH[HUWLQJDQWL LQÀDPPDWRU\DQGDQWLVHSWLFDFWLRQV Medicinal Actions: • 7RSLFDOO\WKHIUHVKZHWEDUNSODFHGRYHU DIIHFWHGDUHD LQQHUVLGHWRXFKLQJWKHVNLQ • $QDOJHVLF KHOSVWRDOOHYLDWHPXVFOHSDLQDQGKHUSHV • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ ]RVWHU • $QWLPLFURELDO • $QWLVSDVPRGLF Pharmacology: • $OWHUDWLYH • )ODYRQRLGVLQOHDIDUHGLXUHWLF • $VWULQJHQW • 9RODWLOHRLOVFRQWDLQPHWK\OVDOLF\ODWHVZLWK 128 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Betula pendula/alba (Birch) DQWLVHSWLFDQGDVSLULQOLNHHIIHFWV Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ • +LJK9LWDPLQ&FRQWHQWFRQWULEXWHVWRGLXUHWLF HIIHFWVDQGGLVFRXUDJHVXULQDU\DQGUHQDO References: FDOFXOL %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HUEDO $GMXQFWVZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ Pharmacy: 3RVW B -DJHU6HWDO$SUHOLPLQDU\SKDUPDFRNLQHWLFVWXG\RIEHWXOLQWKHPDLQ • ,QIXVLRQ GULHGOHDYHV WVSFXSLQIXVH SHQWDF\FOLFWULWHUSHQHIURPH[WUDFWRIRXWHUEDUNRIELUFK0ROHFXOHV'HF PLQ7,' 5DVWRJL6HWDO0HGLFLQDOSODQWVRIWKHJHQXV%HWXOD7UDGLWLRQDOXVHVDQG • 'HFRFWLRQ LQQHUEDUN WVSFXS7,' DSK\WRFKHPLFDOSKDUPDFRORJLFDOUHYLHZ-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO-DQ & • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO :HFNHVVHU6HWDO7RSLFDOWUHDWPHQWRIQHFURWLVLQJKHUSHV]RVWHUZLWKEHWXOLQ ZHHNO\PD[ IURPELUFKEDUN)RUVFK.RPSOHPHQWPHG2FW • 'ULHGKHUE J7,' Toxicity: • 6SHFXODWLYHSRWHQWLDOIRUDOOHUJLF K\SHUVHQVLWLYLW\WRVDOLF\ODWHV Contraindications: • 8VHFDXWLRQLQHGHPDIURPKHDUWIDLOXUHRU NLGQH\LQVXI¿FLHQF\ Monographs 129 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | %RUDJRRI¿FLQDOLV %RUDJH P $HULDOSDUWV VHHGRLO 3\UUROL]LGLQHDONDORLGV B C 2PHJD)DWW\DFLGV */$ 6DSRQLQV Aerial: $GDSWRJHQ'HPXOFHQW (PROOLHQW([SHFWRUDQW A Seed Oil:$GDSWRJHQLQÀDPPDWRU\ PRGXODWRU+RUPRQHEDODQFHU $GUHQDOIDWLJXH I 6WUHVVDQ[LHW\ GHSUHVVLRQ 7RSLFDOFRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHWRQLF F Boraginaceae Medicinal Actions: • Aerial: $GUHQDODGDSWRJHQGLXUHWLF GHPXOFHQWHPROOLHQWH[SHFWRUDQW • Seed Oil: LQÀDPPDWRU\PRGXODWRU+RUPRQH EDODQFHU$QWLSODWHOHW +\SROLSLGHPLF *DODFWDJRJXH 1RWH RLOLVHVSHFLDOO\KLJKLQ JDPPDOLQROHLFDFLG Medicinal uses: Constituents: • %RUDJHLVUHVWRUDWLYHWRWKHDGUHQDOFRUWH[ ,WZLOOUHQHZDQGUHYLYHWKHDGUHQDOJODQGV • 3\UUROL]LGLQHDONDORLGV O\FRSVDPLQH DIWHUDPHGLFDOWUHDWPHQWZLWKFRUWLVRQHRU LQWHUPHGLQHDPDELOLQH VXSLQLQH VWHURLGVDQGFDQDOVREHXVHGDVDWRQLF • )DWW\DFLGVLQFOXGLQJRPHJDIDWW\DFLGV IRUWKHDGUHQDOV7KLVPDNHVLWXVHIXOWR JDPPDOLQROHLFDFLG KHOSPLWLJDWHVWUHVVDQGPD\EHXVHGORQJ • &KROLQH WHUPIRUWKLVSXUSRVH%RUDJHhas been historically used to “bring courage”MR\ • 0XFLODJH DQGZHOOEHLQJWRGHSUHVVHGLQGLYLGXDOV • 3RWDVVLXP FDOFLXPVDOWV • ,WKDVDUHSXWDWLRQDVDQDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • 7DQQLQV PLOGOD[DWLYHDQGGLXUHWLF • 6DSRQLQV • 7KHRLOFDQEHXVHGWRWUHDWDWRSLFGHUPDWLWLV G\VPHQRUUKHD306UKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV 130 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak %RUDJRRI¿FLQDOLV %RUDJH G\VOLSLGHPLDK\SHUWHQVLRQDQGGLDEHWLF Contraindications: QHXURSDWK\ • 3UHJQDQF\ /DFWDWLRQ FRQWURYHUVLDO • 7UDGLWLRQDOO\XVHGWRVWLPXODWHPLONÀRZ • $YRLGKLJKGRVHVRYHUORQJWHUP LQQXUVLQJZRPHQDQGDSSOLHGWRSLFDOO\LQ ULQJZRUPLQVHFWELWHV VWLQJV Interactions: B Pharmacology: • 7KHRLOLVDSODWHOHWLQKLELWRUDQGPD\ WKHRUHWLFDOO\SRWHQWLDWHDQWLFRDJXODQWV • $ELOLW\WRSURORQJWKHDFWLRQRIFRUWLFRVWHURQH RSHUDWHVYLDDQXQGHWHUPLQHGPHFKDQLVP • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKKHSDWRWR[LFGXJVVXFK KRZHYHUWKLVDGUHQDOUHVWRUDWLYHHIIHFW DVDQDEROLFVWHURLGVSKHQRWKLD]LQHV FRQWULEXWHVWRLWVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLRQ NHWRFRQD]ROH • 2PHJD)DWW\DFLGVKDYHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ KRUPRQHEDODQFLQJHIIHFWV References: • +LJKDPRXQWVRI $VDGL6DPDQL0HWDO7KHFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQERWDQLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLF calcium and potassium DQGELRORJLFDODFWLYLWLHVRI%RUDJRRI¿FLQDOLV DUHYLHZ$VLDQ3DF-7URS0HG saltsSURPRWHRVPRWLFGLXUHVLVWKXVDLGLQJ 6HS 6 6 WKH¿OWUDWLRQRIZDVWHE\WKHNLGQH\V %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HUEDO$GMXQFWV ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV • MucilageLQWKHOHDYHVH[HUWDUHÀH[ &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ DQWLVSDVPRGLFDQGVRRWKLQJDFWLRQRQ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW PXFRXVPHPEUDQHV )RVWHU5HWDO%RUDJHRLOLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIDWRSLFGHUPDWLWLV1XWULWLRQ -XO$XJ 0LWFKHOO:3ODQW0HGLFLQH 7KH%DVW\U Toxicity: • %RUDJHOHDIGRHVFRQWDLQVPDOODPRXQWVRI S\UUROL]LGLQHDONDORLGVDQGVKRXOGWKHUHIRUH EHXVHGZLWKFDXWLRQLQDQ\SHUVRQZLWK NQRZQRUVXVSHFWHGOLYHUGLVHDVHDQGLQ FKLOGUHQGXHWRSRWHQWLDOKHSDWRWR[LFDQG FDUFLQRJHQLFHIIHFWV Monographs 131 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Boswellia serrata (Frankincense) P Bark 9RODWLOHRLO B C 2OHR5HVLQ ERVZHOOLFDFLGV 0XFLODJH $QWLUKHXPDWLF A ,QÀDPPDWRU\PRGXODWRU +HSDWRSURWHFWLYH 2VWHRDUWKULWLV UKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV I ,QÀDPPDWLRQRIWKHJDVWURLQWHVWLQDO WUDFWDQGRUUHVSLUDWRU\WUDFW F Burseraceae Constituents: QRWOHDGWRLUULWDWLRQRUXOFHUDWLRQRIWKH VWRPDFK • 9RODWLOHRLO SLQHQHGLSHQWHQH SKHOODQGUHQH • 2OHR5HVLQ ERVZHOOLFDFLGVLQFOWHWUDDQG Pharmacology: 3HQWDF\FOLFWULWHUSHQHDFLGV • Resin (Boswellic acids) KDYHEHHQVKRZQ • 0XFLODJH WREHVSHFL¿FQRQUHGR[DQGQRQFRPSHWLWLYH LQKLELWRUVRIOLSR[\JHQDVHWKHNH\HQ]\PH RIOHXNRWULHQHELRV\QWKHVLV Medicinal Actions: • ,QDGRVHGHSHQGHQWPDQQHUWKHVHDFLGV • $QWLUKHXPDWLF EORFNWKHV\QWKHVLVRISURLQÀDPPDWRU\ OLSR[\JHQDVHSURGXFWVLQFOXGLQJ • ,QÀDPPDWRU\PRGXODWRU K\GUR[\HLFRVDWHWUDHQRLFDFLG +(7( • +HSDWRSURWHFWLYH DQGOHXNRWULHQH% /7% ZKLFKFDXVH EURQFKRFRQVWULFWLRQFKHPRWD[LVDQG LQFUHDVHGYDVFXODUSHUPHDELOLW\ Medicinal uses: • ,QKLELWVSURLQÀDPPDWRU\PHGLDWRUVLQWKH ERG\ HJ/HXNRWULHQHV DQGFDQWKHUHIRUH Pharmacy: KHOSLQFRQGLWLRQVVXFKDVDVWKPD • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO XOFHUDWLYHFROLWLVRVWHRDUWKULWLVUKHXPDWRLG ZHHNO\PD[ DUWKULWLVFKURQLFSURVWDWLWLVDQGalmost any • &DSVXOHV PJ VWDQGDUGL]HGWR LQÁDPPDWRU\V\QGURPH ERVZHOOLFDFLGV 7,' • ,QFRQWUDVWWR16$,'VORQJWHUPXVHGRHV 132 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Boswellia serrata (Frankincense) Toxicity: +LJKUHVLQFRQWHQWPD\FDXVHVWRPDFKXSVHW 7UDGLWLRQDOȣɾɟȠIBoswellia KɚɾEɟɟQ Contraindications: 1RQH.QRZQ FHOHEUDWHGIȠUWKRXVDQGVȠI\HDUV &RQVLGHUHGH[WUHPHO\YDOXDEOHɿQ DQFLHQWWLPHVIURP%LEOLFDO ZɚɾRQH B Interactions: ȠIWKɟɫKȠɿɫɟJLIWVEURXJKWEɭWKɟ:LVH 0HQ WR$\XUYHGLFPHGLFLQHZKHUHLWLV • 0D\WKHRUHWLFDOO\LQWHUIHUHZLWKWKHDEVRUS UHIHUUHGWRDV6KDOODNLDQGXVHGPDLQO\ WLRQRIGUXJV IRUWKHWUHDWPHQWRIRVWHRDUWKULWLV PXVFXORVNHOHWDOSDLQV References: $QRQ0RQRJUDSK %RVZHOOLDVHUUDWD$OWHUQ0HG5HY &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW .LPPDWNDU1HWDO(I¿FDF\DQGWROHUDELOLW\RI%RVZHOOLDVHUUDWDH[WUDFWLQWUHDW PHQWRIRVWHRDUWKULWLVRINQHH±$UDQGRPL]HGGRXEOHEOLQGSODFHERFRQWUROOHGWULDO 3K\WRPHGLFLQH ± .QDXV8:DJQHU+(IIHFWVRIERVZHOOLFDFLGRI%RVZHOOLDVHUUDWDDQGRWKHU WULWHUSHQLFDFLGVRQWKHFRPSOHPHQWV\VWHP3K\WRPHGLFLQH 9HUKRII0HWD7HWUDDQG3HQWDF\FOLF7ULWHUSHQH$FLGVIURPWKH$QFLHQW$QWL LQÀDPPDWRU\5HPHG\)UDQNLQFHQVHDV,QKLELWRUVRI0LFURVRPDO3URVWDJODQGLQ( 6\QWKDVH -1DW3URGí Monographs 133 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Brassica nigra/alba (Mustard) P 6HHG *OXFRVLQRODWHV VLQLJULQ 9RODWLOHRLO C B $ONDORLGDPLQH 6LQDSLQH 6LQDSLF DFLG $QWLUKHXPDWLF A ,QÀDPPDWRU\PRGXODWRU 5XEHIDFLHQW 7RSLFDOXVHLQEURQFKLWLV 06.SDLQ I ,QWHUQDOXVHDVIRRGDVJDVWULF FLUFXODWRU\VWLPXODQW F Brassicaceae Constituents: LQFDVHVRIEURQFKLWLVZKHQDSSOLHGRYHUWKH • *OXFRVLQRODWHV VLQLJULQ FKHVWWRORRVHQFRQJHVWLRQDQGVWLPXODWH H[SHFWRUDWLRQ • 9RODWLOHRLO • 7KHUXEHIDFLHQWDFWLRQFDXVHVDPLOG • $ONDORLGDPLQH 6LQDSLQH 6LQDSLFDFLG LUULWDWLRQWRWKHVNLQVWLPXODWLQJFLUFXODWLRQWR FKROLQHHVWHU WKDWDUHDDQGUHOLHYLQJPXVFXODUDQGVNHOHWDO • 0XFLODJH SDLQDOVR • ,QWHUQDOXVHLVOLPLWHGGXHWRJDVWULF VWLPXODWLRQSURGXFHGE\WKHRLOVLQWKHSODQW Medicinal Actions: FDXVLQJDVWLPXODWLRQRIWKHJDVWULFVPRRWK • $QWLUKHXPDWLF PXVFOHVDQGDVDUHVXOWHPHVLVRFFXUV • (PHWLF • ([SHFWRUDQW Pharmacology: • ,QÀDPPDWRU\PRGXODWRU • Volatile oils DUHDVNLQLUULWDQWDQGPRGHRI DFWLRQLVWKURXJKWKHSULQFLSOHRIFRXQWHU • 5XEHIDFLHQW FRXQWHULUULWDQW LUULWDWLRQRUWKHDELOLW\WRLQÀXHQFHGHHSHU UHJLRQVRIWKHERG\E\UHÀH[HIIHFWV Medicinal uses: PHGLDWHGE\WKHQHUYRXVV\VWHP • +DVEHHQXVHGKLVWRULFDOO\DVD topical • GlucosinolatesDQGWKHLUYDULRXV application to create a counter-irritant WUDQVIRUPDWLRQSURGXFWVDOWHUSKDVH,DQG, or rubefacient effect,DQGLWVPDLQXVHLV GHWR[L¿FDWLRQSURFHVVHVDFWLQJWRUHGXFHWKH DVDVWLPXODWLQJH[WHUQDODSSOLFDWLRQWRDLG SURGXFWLRQRIFDUFLQRJHQLFFRPSRXQGV 134 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Brassica nigra/alba (Mustard) • :KHQWKHVHHGVDUHFUXVKHGJOXFRVLQDWHV Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ SDUWLFXODUO\VLQLJULQ DUHK\GURO\]HGE\ References: HQ]\PHVLQWRWKHLUDFWLYHFRPSRXQGV$OO\O $FKDUDSRUQ'HWDO%ODFNSHSSHUDQGSLSHULQHUHGXFHFKROHVWHUROXSWDNHDQG LVRWKLRF\DQDWHLVDFRQVWLWXHQWRIPDQ\ HQKDQFHWUDQVORFDWLRQRIFKROHVWHUROWUDQVSRUWHUSURWHLQV-1DW0HG FUXFLIHURXVYHJHWDEOHVDQGSRVVHVVHV ± $QWRQLRXV*HWDO6FUHHQLQJ%UDVVLFDVSHFLHVIRUJOXFRVLQRODWHFRQWHQW- QXPHURXVELRFKHPLFDODQGSK\VLRORJLFDO (QYLURQ6FL+HDOWK% 0DU &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ DFWLYLWLHV,WLVF\WRWR[LFDQGWXPRULJHQLF B DWKLJKGRVHVDQGDOVRLVDPRGXODWRU 3RVW .KXGD%XNKVK$HWDO0ROHFXODUDSSURDFKHVWRZDUGWDUJHWHGFDQFHUSUHYHQ RIHQ]\PHVLQYROYHGLQPHWDEROLVPRI WLRQZLWKVRPHIRRGSODQWVDQGWKHLUSURGXFWV LQÀDPPDWRU\DQGRWKHUVLJQDO [HQRELRWLFV SDWKZD\V1XWU&DQFHU 0LWFKHOO:3ODQW0HGLFLQH 7KH%DVW\U Pharmacy: • 3RXOWLFHRU3ODVWHU 0L[ SDUWVIUHVKO\ JURXQGPXVWDUGVHHGVZLWKZDUPZDWHU ÀRXUWRIRUPDWKLFNSDVWH6SUHDGRQDSLHFH RIFORWKWRWKHVL]HRIWKHERG\DUHDWKDWLVWR EHFRYHUHG$SSO\WKHFORWKDQGUHPRYHDIWHU PLQXWHRUDWWKH¿UVWVHQVDWLRQRIEXUQLQJ IHOWE\WKHSDWLHQW'RQRWOHDYHRQIRUORQJHU WKDQPLQXWHV7KHORFDOFRXQWHULUULWDQW HIIHFWPD\SHUVLVWIRUKRXUV Toxicity: • $SSOLFDWLRQVOHIWRQWRRORQJRURYHUVHQVLWLYH VNLQZLOOFDXVHYHVLFDWLRQWKDWFDQFDXVHVNLQ XOFHUDWLRQQHFURVLVDQGSHUPDQHQWVFDULQJ Contraindications: • ,IWKHUHLVVHYHUHFLUFXODWRU\GDPDJHDQG RYHUYDULFRVHYHLQV • ,VQRWWREHXVHGLQWHUQDOO\LQDPRXQWV JUHDWHUWKDQWKRVHIRUFXOLQDU\SXUSRVHV Monographs 135 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Bryonia alba/diocia (White Bryony) P 5RRW 3ODQWVWHURLGV &XFXUELWDFLQV B C 9RODWLOHRLO 5HVLQ $QDOJHVLF A $QWLUKHXPDWLF &\WRWR[LF &DUGLDFLQVXI¿FLHQF\RULQIHFWLRQ HJ SXOPRQDU\HGHPDUKHXPDWLFIHYHU I 5KHXPDWLVP QHXUDOJLD $QWLQHRSODVWLF F Constituents: Curcurbitaceae • 3ODQWVWHURLGV &XFXUELWDFLQJO\FRVLGHVLQOF %U\RVLGH FXUFXELWDFLQ • 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH • $ONDORLGV • 5XEHIDFLHQW • 3RO\K\GUR[\XQVDWXUDWHGIDWW\DFLGV • 9RODWLOHRLO Medicinal uses: • 7DQQLQV • +DVVSHFL¿FXVHIRUWKHcardiac complications of rheumatic fever,DQG • 5HVLQ SRLVRQRXV LVXVHIXOLQK\SHUWHQVLRQDQGSXOPRQDU\ HGHPDZLWKDVVRFLDWHGFDUGLDFLQVXI¿FLHQF\ RUUHVXOWLQJIURPDQLQIHFWLRXVSURFHVV Medicinal Actions: • 8VHIXOLQrheumatic conditions of the • $QRG\QH jointsDQGKHOSVUHOLHYHSDLQDQGVWLIIQHVV • $QWLPLFURELDO E\UHGXFLQJÀXLGLQWKHMRLQWVSDFH8VH • $QWLUKHXPDWLF WRSLFDOO\IRUMRLQWPXVFXODUSDLQVVFLDWLFDDQG P\DOJLD • &DWKDUWLF HPHWLF • &RQVLGHUHGWREHWURSKRUHVWRUDWLYHWRZDUGV • &\WRWR[LF VHURXVPHPEUDQHV HJOLQLQJVRIUHVSLUDWRU\ • 'LDSKRUHWLF JDVWURLQWHVWLQDOWUDFW • ([SHFWRUDQW • ,QWHUQDOO\LVFRQVLGHUHGWRSRVVHVVWR[LF HIIHFWVLQUHODWLYHO\VPDOOGRVHVDQGLV • +\SRWHQVLYH WKHUHIRUHLQIUHTXHQWO\XVHG • ,PPXQRPRGXODWLQJ 136 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Bryonia alba/diocia (White Bryony) Pharmacology: Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ • Cucurbitacins KDYHGHPRQVWUDWHGDQWL WXPRU F\WRWR[LFHIIHFWVDQGDSSHDUWRUHOD[ References: VPRRWKPXVFOH $OJKDVKDP$&XFXUELWDFLQV±$3URPLVLQJ7DUJHWIRU&DQFHU7KHUDS\,QWHUQD WLRQDO-RXUQDORI+HDOWK6FLHQFHV4DVVLP8QLYHUVLW\9RO1R &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ • Resin LVSRLVRQRXVDQGDGUDVWLFSXUJDWLYH 3RVW 0LWFKHOO:3ODQW0HGLFLQH 7KH%DVW\U • 7RSLFDODSSOLFDWLRQV ,Q+RPHRSDWK\%\URQLDLVFRQVLGHUHG DSRO\FUHVWUHPHG\IRUDFKHVDQGSDLQV DVVRFLDWHGZLWKFROGVÀXVFRXJKVDQG Toxicity: DQ\LOOQHVVZLWKFKLOOVDOWHUQDWLQJZLWK • 6\PSWRPVRIWR[LFLW\DUHSRRUO\XQGHUVWRRG IHYHU$VRUHWKURDWZLWKGU\KDUGVSDV WKRXJKLQFOXGH FROLFYRPLWLQJGLDUUKHD PRGLFFRXJKVDQGDJUHDWWKLUVWIRUFROG JDVWURHQWHULWLVFDUGLDFGHSUHVVLRQ GULQNVRIWHQNH\VLJQVRILQGLFDWLRQ P\GULDVLVFRQJHVWLYHKHDGDFKHVGL]]LQHVV GHOLULXPFROGSHUVSLUDWLRQDQGGHDWK Contraindications: • $YRLGLQSUHJQDQF\ODFWDWLRQDQGZLWKVRPH *,7GLVRUGHUV Monographs 137 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Bupleurum falcatum (Chinese thorowax) P 5RRW 7ULWHUSHQRLGVDSRQLQV VDLNRVDSRQLQV C B 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV EXSOHXUDQV )ODYRQRLGV $GDSWRJHQ A $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU VWLPXODQW ,QÀDPPDWRU\ LQIHFWLRXVFRQGLWLRQV I $XWRLPPXQHGLVHDVH $GUHQDOIDWLJXH F Apiaceae • )HEULIXJH Constituents: • +HSDWLF +HSDWRSURWHFWLYH • 7ULWHUSHQRLGVDSRQLQV VDLNRVDSRQLQVRU VDLNRVLGHV • ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU VWLPXODQW • )ODYRQRLGV UXWLQ • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV EXSOHXUDQV Medicinal uses: • &RXPDULQ • +DVEHHQXVHGLQ&KLQHVHKHUEDOIRUPXODU\ IRUFHQWXULHVDQGLVRQHRIWKHPRVW • 3RO\DFHW\OHQHV LPSRUWDQWKHUEVLQWUDGLWLRQDO-DSDQHVHDQG • 3RO\K\GUR[\VWHUROV &KLQHVHPHGLFLQH • 7ULK\GUR[\IDWW\DFLG • ,WKDVEHHQXVHGIRUWKHWUHDWPHQWRIchronic LQÁDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQVRIDOONLQGV HVSHFLDOO\WKRVHLQYROYLQJWKHOLYHUDQG Medicinal Actions: NLGQH\VVXFKDVKHSDWLWLVDVZHOODVauto- VXFKDVV\VWHPLFOXSXV • $GDSWRJHQ immune disease HU\WKHPDWRVXVDQGPXOWLSOHVFOHURVLV • $OWHUDWLYH • ,WVLPPXQRPRGXODWLQJHIIHFWVPDNHLWXVHIXO • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ LQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIFROGV ÀXV • &DUPLQDWLYH • &KURQLFLQIHFWLRQVDQGLQÀDPPDWRU\ • 'LDSKRUHWLF GLVHDVHVDUHDOVRLQGLFDWLRQVEHFDXVHRILWV 138 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Bupleurum falcatum (Chinese thorowax) DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DGUHQRFRUWLFDOVSDULQJ Interactions: KHSDWRSURWHFWLYHDQGLPPXQRVWLPXODWRU\ • 7KHRUHWLFDOLQWHUDFWLRQVZLWK16$,'V DFWLRQV DQWLELRWLFV QHHGVIULHQGO\EDFWHULDWREH HIIHFWLYH Pharmacology: • Triterpenoid saponin VDLNRVDSRQLQKDV References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ț%DQG67$7VLJQDOLQJ&KHP%LRO,QWHUDFW 6HS & DGUHQRFRUWLFDOIXQFWLRQZLWKHIIHFWVOHDGLQJ :RQJ96DLNRVDSRQLQG(QKDQFHVWKH$QWLFDQFHU3RWHQF\RI71)ĮYLD WRDQRYHUDOODQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLRQ 2YHUFRPLQJ,WV8QGHVLUDEOH5HVSRQVHRI$FWLYDWLQJ1).DSSD%6LJQDOOLQJLQ &DQFHU&HOOV(YLG%DVHG&RPSOHPHQW$OWHUQDW0HG • 2UDOGRVHVWUDQVLHQWO\LQFUHDVHEORRG JOXFRVHELOHRXWSXWDQGELOHVDOWFRQWHQW DQGWKXVORZHUFKROHVWHURO ,WKDVEHHQ VXJJHVWHGWKDWVDLNRVDSRQQLQVDQG VDLNRJHQLQVORZHUFKROHVWHUROE\LQFUHDVLQJ FKROHVWHUROH[FUHWLRQLQWKHELOHDQGPD\ LQFUHDVHKHSDWLFSURWHLQV\QWKHVLV • 6DLNRVDSRQLQVXQGHUJRHQWHURKHSDWLF FLUFXODWLRQDQGIHFDOH[FUHWLRQ Pharmacy: • 'HFRFWLRQ WEVSFXSVLPPHUPLQ7,' • 'ULHGURRWFDSVXOHV JGD\LQGLYLGHG GRVHV XSWRPJVDLNRVDSRQLQVGD\ • 7LQFWXUH POGD\LQGLYLGHG GRVHV Toxicity: • &DQEHVHGDWLQJLQVRPHLQGLYLGXDOVDQG PD\FDXVHVLQFUHDVHGERZHOPRYHPHQWV ÀDWXOHQFH Contraindications: 1RQHNQRZQ Monographs 139 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | &DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV 0DULJROG P )ORZHUKHDGV UD\ÀRUHWV )ODYRQRLGV C 7ULWHUSHQRLG 6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQV 5HVLQ C $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A /\PSKDWLF 9XOQHUDU\ 7RSLFDO¿UVWDLGWUHDWPHQWDQGJHQHUDO ZRXQGKHDOHU I 'UDLQVHQODUJHG LQÀDPHGO\PSK QRGHV VSHFL¿FWREUHDVW SHOYLV F Asteraceae Medicinal Actions: • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ Constituents: • $QWLPLFURELDO • )ODYRQRLGV LVRUKDPQHWLQ TXHUFLWLQ • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • 7ULWHUSHQRLG 6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQV \LHOGV • 'HPXOFHQW(PROOLHQW 9XOQHUDU\ ROHDQROLFDFLG • (PPHQDJRJXH • &DURWHQRLGV • +HPRVWDWLF • %LWWHUUHVLQ FDOHQGXOLQ FDOHGLQ • /\PSKDWLF • 0XFLODJH • 3K\WRHVWURJHQLF • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV • 9RODWLOHRLOV Medicinal uses: • ;DQWKRSK\OOV • 2QHRIWKHEHVWKHUEVIRUWUHDWLQJlocal skin problemsVXFKDV¿UVWDLGWUHDWPHQWRI PLQRUEXUQVDQGVFDOGVZLWKDORWLRQSRXOWLFH RUFRPSUHVV • ,QWHUQDOO\LVDQWLLQÁDPPDWRU\LQWKH gastrointestinal tract HJJDVWULFRU GXRGHQDOXOFHUV • +DVPDUNHGDQWLPLFURELDODQWLIXQJDODFWLYLW\ 140 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak &DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV 0DULJROG DQGPD\EHXVHGLQWHUQDOO\DQGH[WHUQDOO\ Contraindications: WRFRPEDWVXFKLQIHFWLRQV,VDJRRGJDUJOH • $YRLGLQWHUQDOO\LQSUHJQDQF\GXHWR IRUVRUHWKURDWV JXPVGXHWRLQIHFWLRQZLWK SRWHQWLDOHPPHQDJRJXHHIIHFWVDQGLQ VZROOHQJODQGV NQRZQ$VWHUDFHDHDOOHUJ\ • 6WLPXODWHVWKHdrainage of enlarged, Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ LQÁDPHGO\PSKQRGHVDQGLVVSHFL¿F IRUWKHO\PSKDWLFVLQWKHEUHDVWDQGSHOYLF References: %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH WLVVXHV ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ C 3RVW • $VDQHPPHQDJRJXHLWKDVDUHSXWDWLRQRI 'LQGD0HWDO3,.0HGLDWHG3UROLIHUDWLRQRI)LEUREODVWVE\&DOHQGXODRI¿FLQD OLV7LQFWXUH ,PSOLFDWLRQLQ:RXQG+HDOLQJ3K\WRWKHU5HV-DQ KHOSLQJGHOD\HGPHQVWUXDWLRQDQGSDLQIXO 'XUDQ9HWDO5HVXOWVRIWKHFOLQLFDOH[DPLQDWLRQRIDQRLQWPHQWZLWKPDULJROG SHULRGV &DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV H[WUDFWLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIYHQRXVOHJXOFHUV,QW-7LVVXH 5HDFW (IVWUDWLRX(HWDO$QWLPLFURELDODFWLYLW\RI&DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLVSHWDOH[WUDFWV DJDLQVWIXQJLDVZHOODV*UDPQHJDWLYHDQG*UDPSRVLWLYHFOLQLFDOSDWKRJHQV &RPSOHPHQW7KHU&OLQ3UDFW$XJ 0LWFKHOO:3ODQW0HGLFLQH 7KH%DVW\U Pharmacy: • ,QIXVLRQ JFXS7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO4'RU POZHHNO\PD[ • 7RSLFDOFUHDPVRLQWPHQWVRLOVSRXOWLFHV VXSSRVLWRULHVDQGIUHVKSODQWVXFFXV Toxicity: • $QH[WUHPHO\VDIHKHUEZLWKRXWGRFXPHQWHG VLGHHIIHFWV • 7KHUHLVDORZEXWSRWHQWLDOOLNHOLKRRGIRU DOOHUJLFVHQVLWLYLW\ Monographs 141 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Camellia sinensis (Green/Black Tea) P /HDI %XGV ;DQWKLQHDONDORLGV HJFDIIHLQH C 3RO\SKHQROV 7DQQLQV C $QWLR[LGDQW A &\WRWR[LF $QWL&DQFHU 1HUYLQHVWLPXODQW &DQFHUWUHDWPHQW SUHYHQWLRQ I 0HQWDOH[KDXVWLRQ KHDGDFKHV ,QÀDPPDWRU\ LQIHFWLRQVGLVRUGHUV F Theaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • ;DQWKLQHDONDORLGV PHWK\O[DQWKLQHV • +DVEHHQXVHGWKURXJKRXW$VLDVLQFHDWOHDVW FDIIHLQHWKHREURPLQH WKHRSK\OOLQH %&WRSURPRWHORQJHYLW\LPSURYHPHQWDO • )ODYRQRLGV 3RO\SKHQROV &DWHFKLQV IXQFWLRQVDQGSUHYHQWGLVHDVH 1RWH *UHHQ LQFOHSLFDWHFKLQHSLFDWHFKLQJDOODWH WHDKDVKLJKHUWKHUDSHXWLFSURSHUWLHVWKDQEODFN HSLJDOORFDWHFKLQ HSLJDOORFDWHFKLQJDOODWH WHD (*&* • ,VDQH[FHOOHQWVRXUFHRIDQWLR[LGDQW • &RQGHQVHGWDQQLQV SURDQWKRF\DQLGLQV FRPSRXQGVDQGZLOOreduce free radical GDPDJHDQGSURPRWHDFWLYHGHWR[LÀFDWLRQ • 1XWULHQWV PLQHUDOV • $VDQHUYRXVV\VWHPVWLPXODQWFDQEHXVHGIRU • 2[DODWHV IDWLJXHDQGKHDGDFKHV Medicinal Actions: • +DVEHHQIRXQGWRKDYHanti-cancer & cancer • $QWLPLFURELDO preventative effects, sSHFL¿FDOO\UHGXFLQJWKH • $QWLR[LGDQW FDUFLQRJHQLFHIIHFWVRIIHPDOHKRUPRQHV • &\WRWR[LF DQWLFDQFHU • ,WVLPPXQHDQGLQÀDPPDWRU\PRGXODWLQJ DFWLYLW\FDQDOVREHEHQH¿FLDOLQIHYHUFRXJK • $VWULQJHQW FROGVÀXDQGLQIHFWLRQVDQGSRVVHVVHV • &DUGLRWRQLF VLJQL¿FDQWDQWLPLFURELDOHIIHFWVDJDLQVW EDFWHULDSURWR]RDDQGYLUXVHV • 'LXUHWLF • &DUGLRWRQLFHIIHFWVJLYHLWXVHLQWKHSUHYHQWLRQ • ,PPXQRVWLPXODQW RIDUWHULRVFOHURVLVKLJKFKROHVWHURODQGYDULRXV • 1HUYLQHVWLPXODQW KHDUWFRQGLWLRQV 142 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Camellia sinensis (Green/Black Tea) Pharmacology: Interactions: • 3RO\SKHQROVVXFKDVepigallocatechin • 8VHFDXWLRQLQDQHPLDRULIDWULVNRISDQFUHDWLF gallate (EGCG)GLUHFWO\VFDYHQJHIUHHUDGLFDO FDQFHU R[\JHQDQGEORFNR[LGDWLRQRI/'/FKROHVWHURO • 7KHRUHWLFDOO\PD\LQKLELWDEVRUSWLRQRIGUXJV LQYLWUR%RWK(*&* HSLFDWHFKLQGLUHFWO\ DQGQXWULHQWV HJ,URQ &DOFLXP GDPDJHEDFWHULDOPHPEUDQHVDQGDUHWKHUHE\ EDFWHULRFLGDOFRPSRXQGV • $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHWDFWLYLW\ WKHRUHWLFDO • 3RO\SKHQROVPD\SURWHFWWLVVXHVIURPWXPRU C GHYHORSPHQWE\HQKDQFLQJJDSMXQFWLRQDO • ,QFUHDVHGULVNRIFDIIHLQHWR[LFLW\ZLWK&<3 FRPPXQLFDWLRQZKLFKLVRWKHUZLVHLQKLELWHGLQ $VXEVWUDWHVFLPHWLGLQHGLVXO¿UDP WXPRUGHYHORSPHQWDQG(*&*GLUHFWO\ELQGVWR HQR[DFLQ0$2,VHVWURJHQV2&3V FHUWDLQFDUFLQRJHQV DOFRKROÀXFRQD]ROHIXUDI\OOOLQHLVRQLD]LG • CaffeineLVVWUXFWXUDOO\VLPLODUWRDGHQRVLQH NHWRFRQD]ROHPDFUROLGHVDQGOLWKLXP ZKHQ DQGWKHUHIRUHDQWDJRQL]HVDGHQRVLQH¶V DEUXSWO\VWRSSHG V\PSDWKHWLFQHUYRXVVWLPXODWLRQ 1RWH • $PSKHWDPLQHV QLFRWLQHPD\LQFUHDVH DGHQRVLQHLQKLELWVQHXURQDODFWLYLW\E\LQKLELWLQJ SUHV\QDSWLFQHXURWUDQVPLWWHUUHOHDVHDQGE\ &16HIIHFWV LQKLELWRU\ELQGLQJWRSRVWV\QDSWLFQHXURQV • $QWLK\SHUJO\FHPLFV PD\LQFUHDVHEORRG Pharmacy: JOXFRVH • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSLQIXVHPLQ7,' FXS • $QWLK\SHUWHQVLYHV PD\LQFUHDVHEORRG FRQWDLQVDSSUR[LPDWHO\PJRIFDIIHLQH SUHVVXUH • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'0D[PO • 0D\DQWDJRQL]HHIIHFWVRIEDUELWXUDWHVDQG ZHHN EHQ]RGLD]HSLQHV • 6WDQGDUGL]HGH[WUDFW PJSRO\SKHQROV References: &DEUHUD&HWDO%HQH¿FLDOHIIHFWVRIJUHHQWHD DUHYLHZ-$P&ROO1XWU GD\ VWDQGDUGL]HGWRSRO\SKHQRODQG HSLJDOORFDWHFKLQJDOODWH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW +DQ10XNKWDU+7HDSRO\SKHQROVIRUKHDOWKSURPRWLRQ/LIH6FL • Note:LIVWHHSHGIRUPRUHWKDQPLQXWHVWKHUH 6DUPDHWDO6DIHW\RIJUHHQWHDH[WUDFWV DV\VWHPDWLFUHYLHZE\WKH86 LVDQLQFUHDVHLQWDQQLQVZKLFKSUHFLSLWDWH 3KDUPDFRSHLD'UXJ6DI FDIIHLQHDQGWKXVWKHVWLPXODWRU\HIIHFWVPD\EH 6KXNOD<7HDDQGFDQFHUFKHPRSUHYHQWLRQ DFRPSUHKHQVLYHUHYLHZ$VLDQ 3DFL¿F&DQFHU3UHY GHFUHDVHG 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ Toxicity: • 7KHUHLVWKHRUHWLFDOEXWQRFOLQLFDOHYLGHQFHIRU WHDWRSURPRWHWKHIRUPDWLRQRIFDOFLXPR[DODWH NLGQH\VWRQHVEHFDXVHFDIIHLQHLQGXFHVFDOFLXP H[FUHWLRQDQGWHDLVFRQWDLQVR[DODWHV Contraindications: • $YRLGLQFKLOGUHQ GHYHORSLQJQHUYRXVV\VWHP PRUHVHQVLWLYHWRHIIHFWVRIFDIIHLQH • $YRLGLQOLYHUGLVHDVHRUFDUGLDFDUUK\WKPLDV • 8VHFDXWLRQLQDQHPLDRULIDWULVNRISDQFUHDWLF FDQFHU Monographs 143 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Cannabis spp. (Marijuana) P /HDYHVVHHGV ÀRZHULQJWRSV 5HVLQ C 3K\WRFDQQDELQRLGV 7+&&%' )ODYRQLGV C $QDJOHVLF A $QWLHPHWLF ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU 1DXVHD I $QRUH[LD &KURQLFSDLQ F Cannabaceae Medicinal Actions: • $QDOJHVLF DQRG\QH Constituents: • $QWLHPHWLF • 5HVLQ • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • 3K\WRFDQQDELQRLGV GHOWD • $QWLVSDVPRGLF WHWUDK\GURFDQQDELQRO ¨ 7+& FDQQDELQRO &%1 FDQQDELGLRO &%' • %LWWHU GLJHVWLYHVWLPXODQW FDQQDELJHURO &%* FDQQDELFKURPHQH • (XSKRULF &%& WHWUDK\GURFDQQDELYDULQ 7+&9 DQG PDQ\RWKHUV • ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU • 9RODWLOHRLOFRQWDLQLQJWHUSHQHV • /D[DWLYH VHHG )ODYRQRLGV • 1HUYLQHVHGDWLYH K\SQRWLF • 9LWDPLQV 0LQHUDOVDOWV 3RWDVVLXPVLOLFD • 3DUWXIDFLHQW SKRVSKDWHV • $ONDORLGV Medicinal uses: • 1XWULHQWV &+2VDPLQRDFLGV SURWHLQV • +LVWRULFDOO\XVHGDVDQDQHVWKHWLFGXULQJ IDWW\DFLGV $/$ */$ &KORURSK\OO VXUJLFDORSHUDWLRQVDVLWrelieves painDQG • .HWRQHV DFLGV LVEHQH¿FLDOLQGLJHVWLYHUHSURGXFWLYHDQG • 6LPSOHHVWHUV ODFWRQHV QHUYRXVV\VWHPGLVRUGHUVVXFKDVDQ[LHW\ PXOWLSOHVFOHURVLVHSLOHSV\KHDGDFKHV • 3K\WRVWHUROV PLJUDLQHVHQGRPHWULRVLVG\VPHQRUUKHD 144 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Cannabis spp. (Marijuana) HSLOHSV\WKURXJKSRZHUIXODQWLVSDVPRGLF RQLPPXQHV\VWHPIXQFWLRQZLWKORZ HIIHFWV GRVHVVHHPLQJWRKDYHVWLPXODWRU\RU • :LOOEHQH¿WFKURQLFLQÁDPPDWRU\ SURLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWVDQGKLJKHUGRVHV KDYLQJLQKLELWRU\RULPPXQRVXSSUHVVLYH conditions HJQHXUDOJLDVFLDWLFD JRXWUKHXPDWLVP LQVRPQLDDQGVOHHS HIIHFWV GLVWXUEDQFHVDQGFDQOLIWWKHVSLULWVLQ • Cannabinol &%1 KDVSRVVLEOH QHUYRXVGHSUHVVLRQDQGGHELOLW\ LPPXQRVXSSUHVVLYHSURSHUWLHV • 0LWLJDWHVFRQYXOVLYHFRXJKVVXFKDVDVWKPD • Cannabigerol &%* LVDSDUWLDO&% C DQ\LUULWDWLRQRIWKHJHQLWRXULQDU\WUDFW HJ UHFHSWRUDJRQLVWDQ\PD\KDYHDQWL F\VWLWLVXUHWKULWLVJRQRUUKHD HVSHFLDOO\ LQÀDPPDWRU\ DQDOJHVLFSURSHUWLHVE\ ZKHQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKQHUYRXVGHSUHVVLRQ EORFNLQJ+7$UHFHSWRUVDQGDFWLQJDVDQ • 0D\LQFUHDVHWKHVWUHQJWKRIXWHULQH ĮDGUHQRFHSWRUDJRQLVW FRQWUDFWLRQVGXULQJSDUWXULWLRQ ODERXU • Cannabidiol &%' GRHVQRWDSSHDUWR ELQGWRHLWKHU&%RU&%UHFHSWRUVDW • $VDQadjunct to cancer/AIDS therapy ZLOOUHGXFHQDXVHD LPSURYHDSSHWLWH,V SK\VLRORJLFDOO\PHDQLQJIXOFRQFHQWUDWLRQV HVSHFLDOO\KHOSIXOLQWKHHOGHUO\IRUORVVRI EXWLWDIIHFWVWKHDFWLYLW\RIDVLJQL¿FDQW DSSHWLWHGLDUUKHDFRQVWLSDWLRQDGJODXFRPD QXPEHURIRWKHUWDUJHWVLQFOXGLQJLRQ UHGXFHVLQWUDRFXODUSUHVVXUH FKDQQHOVUHFHSWRUVDQGHQ]\PHVDQGKDV DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQDOJHVLFDQWLQDXVHD • $SSOLHGWRSLFDOO\ZLOOUHOLHYHLWFKLQJ DQWLHPHWLFDQWLSV\FKRWLFDQWLLVFKHPLF LQÀDPPDWLRQRIFXWDQHRXVGLVRUGHUVVXFKDV DQ[LRO\WLFDQGDQWLHSLOHSWLIRUPHIIHFWV HF]HPDYDULFRVHYHLQVFRUQVDQGXOFHUV $OVRDSSHDUVWRLQGXFHDVKLIWLQ7K7K LPPXQREDODQFH Pharmacology: • Tetrahydrocannabivarin 7+&9 DFWV DVD&%UHFHSWRUDQWDJRQLVWDQG&% • Phytocannabinoids DSSHDUWREH UHFHSWRUSDUWLDODJRQLVWDQGPD\KDYHDQWL GHOWD WHWUDK\GURFDQQDELQRO ǻ 7+& HSLOHSWLIRUPDQWLFRQYXOVDQWSURSHUWLHV FDQQDELQRO &%1 DQGFDQQDELGLRO &%' FDQQDELJHURO &%* FDQQDELFKURPHQH • 7HUSHQHV ÁDYRQRLGVKDYHDEURDG &%& DQGWHWUDK\GURFDQQDELYDULQ 7+&9 VSHFWUXPRIDFWLRQLQFOXGLQJDQWLR[LGDQW &DQQDELQRLGVWDUJHWYDULRXVFHOOXODUVLJQDOLQJ DQWLDQ[LHW\DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQWLEDFWHULDO WUDQVFULSWLRQDOSDWKZD\VUHVXOWLQJLQ DQGDQWLQHRSODVWLFHIIHFWV WKHLQKLELWLRQRISURLQÀDPPDWRU\F\WRNLQH • 1RWH 9DULRXVVWXGLHVKDYHUHSRUWHG UHOHDVH HJ,/ȕ,/,)1ȕ DQGRU HLWKHUSRWHQWLDWLQJRSSRVLQJRUQHXWUDO VWLPXODWLRQRIDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\F\WRNLQH LQWHUDFWLRQVEHWZHHQ¨ 7+&DQG&%'7KH UHOHDVH HJ,/,/,O,/ FRPSOH[SKDUPDFRORJ\RIFDQQDELQRLGV • Ǽ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• ǻ 7+&DSSHDUVWRKDYHDELSKDVLFHIIHFW Monographs 145 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Cannabis spp. (Marijuana) Pharmacy: DVVRFLDWHGLQFOXGHUHOD[DWLRQWLPH • ,QIXVLRQ -XLFHV GULHGÀRZHULQJWRSV GLVWRUWLRQLQWHQVL¿FDWLRQRIRUGLQDU\VHQVRU\ 1RWH 7+&KDVSRRUZDWHUVROXELOLW\ H[SHULHQFHVORVVRILQKLELWLRQVWKDWPD\ UHVXOWLQODXJKWHUDQGLPSDLUHGIXQFWLRQRQ • 7LQFWXUH JWWSUQ FRJQLWLYHDQGVKRUWWHUPPHPRU\WDVNV • (GLEOHV PJ7+&SHUVHUYLQJ H[DOWHGLPDJLQDWLRQHXSKRULDG\VSKRULDRU DVVXPLQJJUDPRIGULHGKHUEFRQWDLQV DQDFXWHDQGVKRUWODVWLQJHSLVRGHRIDQ[LHW\ DSSUR[LPDWHO\7+&RUPJ7+& RIWHQUHVHPEOLQJDSDQLFDWWDFNPRUHRIWHQ SHUJUDP HQFRXQWHUHGLQQDLYHXVHUVDQGWKRVHZKR FRQVXPHKLJKHUGRVHV !PJRUDOǻ • 5HFWDO KHPLVXFFLQDWHHVWHURIǻ 7+& 7+& DQGDOVRZKHQFRQVXPHGLQQRYHORU ±PJ4' VWUHVVIXOHQYLURQPHQWV • 6PRNLQJ J4' • 5DUHDFXWHFRPSOLFDWLRQV HJSV\FKRVLV • 1RWH $W\SLFDOFDQQDELVFLJDUHWWHFRQWDLQV FRQYXOVLRQV DUHDQH[WHQVLRQRIWKH EHWZHHQJSODQWPDWWHUFRQWDLQV SV\FKRWRPLPHWLFDQGSK\VLRORJLFHIIHFWV 7+&DQGFDQ\LHOGEHWZHHQ PJǻ RI7+&,QGLYLGXDOVH[SHULHQFLQJSV\FKRWLF 7+&WKRXJKWKHDFWXDODPRXQWRIǻ 7+& UHDFWLRQVVKRXOGVWRSXVLQJFDQQDELVRU GHOLYHUHGLQWKHVPRNHYDULHVZLGHO\DQG FDQQDELQRLGVLPPHGLDWHO\DQGVHHNSURPSW KDVEHHQHVWLPDWHGDW PHGLFDOSV\FKLDWULFDWWHQWLRQ • 7RSLFDO 2LOVORWLRQVDQGRLQWPHQWV • &KURQLFKHDY\XVHKDVEHHQDVVRFLDWHGZLWK GHSHQGHQFH SK\VLFDODQGSV\FKRORJLFDO • 1RWH 3DWLHQWVZLWKQRSULRUH[SHULHQFH UHVSLUDWRU\DLOPHQWVDPRWLYDWLRQDOV\QGURPH ZLWKFDQQDELVDQGLQLWLDWLQJFDQQDELV DQGLQFUHDVHGWROHUDQFHZLWKIUHTXHQW WKHUDS\IRUWKH¿UVWWLPHDUHFDXWLRQHG XVHDQGLVPDLQO\OLQNHGWRFKDQJHVLQWKH WREHJLQDWDYHU\ORZGRVHDQGWRVWRS DYDLODELOLW\RIWKHFDQQDELQRLGUHFHSWRUV WKHUDS\LIXQDFFHSWDEOHRUXQGHVLUDEOH SULQFLSDOO\WKHGRZQUHJXODWLRQRI&% VLGHHIIHFWVRFFXU7KHYDULDEOHSRWHQF\ UHFHSWRUV RIWKHFDQQDELVSODQWPDWHULDODQGWKH GLIIHUHQWGRVLQJUHJLPHQVDQGURXWHVRI • ,QPDOHVPD\UHGXFHVSHUPFRXQWDQG DGPLQLVWUDWLRQDOOFRQWULEXWHWRWKHGLI¿FXOW\ PRWLOLW\DPRQJFKURQLFVPRNHUVDOWKRXJKQR LQUHSRUWLQJSUHFLVHGRVHVRUHVWDEOLVKLQJ HIIHFWRQIHUWLOLW\KDVEHHQVKRZQDVWKHVH XQLIRUPGRVLQJVFKHGXOHVIRUFDQQDELV DQG HIIHFWVDUHPRGHVWDQGUHYHUVLEOH RUFDQQDELQRLGV Therapeutic dosing • :LWKGUDZDOV\PSWRPVPD\DSSHDUZLWKLQWKH remains highly individualized, UHOLHVWR ¿UVWRQHWRWZRGD\VIROORZLQJGLVFRQWLQXDWLRQ DJUHDWH[WHQWRQWLWUDWLRQDQGZLOOYDU\ DQGPD\LQFOXGHV\PSWRPVRIDQJHURU DFFRUGLQJWRWKHXQGHUO\LQJGLVRUGHU DJJUHVVLRQLUULWDELOLW\DQ[LHW\QLJKWPDUHV VWUDQJHGUHDPVLQVRPQLDVOHHSGLI¿FXOWLHV FUDYLQJKHDGDFKHUHVWOHVVQHVVDQG Toxicity: GHFUHDVHGDSSHWLWHRUZHLJKWORVV • 0D\SURGXFHXQZDQWHGVLGHSK\VLFDOHIIHFWV • 'HDWKKDVQRWEHHQNQRZQWRUHVXOWGLUHFWO\ VXFKDVWDFK\FDUGLDGLJHVWLYHXSVHWVWXSRU IURPWKHHIIHFWVRIFDQQDELVH[FHSWZKHQ GL]]LQHVVLUUHVSRQVLYHSXSLOVFROGFODPP\ FRQWLQXDOO\XVHGXQWLOPDUDVPXVLVLQGXFHG VNLQGU\PRXWKORZHUHGEORRGSUHVVXUH 7KHUHKDYHEHHQQRUHOLDEOHUHVHDUFK DQGVHGDWLRQ ¿QGLQJVWRVXSSRUWFKDQJHVLQWKHJURVV • 6KRUWWHUPSV\FKRDFWLYHHIIHFWV PRUSKRORJ\RIWKHEUDLQ 146 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Cannabis spp. (Marijuana) • (YLGHQFHIRUDOLQNEHWZHHQFDQQDELV RUDQWLSV\FKRWLFVVXFKDVFOR]DSLQHRU VPRNLQJDQGFDQFHUUHPDLQVLQFRQFOXVLYH RODQ]DSLQH KRZHYHUF\WRWR[LFFRQGHQVDWHVWDU DPPRQLDR[LGHVRIQLWURJHQDQGK\GURJHQ F\DQLGHDQGFDUERQPRQR[LGHPD\EH References $EUDPV'HWDO&DQQDELVLQSDLQIXO+,9DVVRFLDWHGVHQVRU\QHXURSDWK\ D UHWDLQHGLQWKHOXQJVZKHQLQKDOHG UDQGRPL]HGSODFHERFRQWUROOHGWULDO1HXURORJ\)HE %XUQ7 ,QHFN5&DQQDELQRLGDQDOJHVLDDVDSRWHQWLDOQHZWKHUDSHXWLFRS WLRQLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIFKURQLFSDLQ$QQ3KDUPDFRWKHU)HE • 3RRUSODQWFXOWLYDWLRQVWRUDJHDQG &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ )RQWHOOHV0 *RLFRHFKHD*5ROHRIFDQQDELQRLGVLQWKHPDQDJHPHQWRI KDUYHVWLQJPD\OHQGWRWR[LFVSRUHVZKLFK QHXURSDWKLFSDLQ&16'UXJV FDQFRQWDPLQDWHWKHSODQWPDWHULDO +HDOWK&DQDGD3XEOLFDWLRQ ,QIRUPDWLRQIRU+HDOWK&DUH3URIHVVLRQDOV&DQQDELV PDULKXDQDPDULMXDQD DQGWKHFDQQDELQRLGV)HEUXDU\ .DXIPDQQ5HWDO$FXWHSV\FKRWURSLFHIIHFWVRIRUDOFDQQDELVH[WUDFWZLWKD • 1RWH (IIHFWVIURPODUJHGRVHVDUHEHVW GH¿QHGFRQWHQWRI'HOWD WHWUDK\GURFDQQDELQRO 7+& LQKHDOWK\YROXQWHHUV 3KDUPDFRSV\FKLDWU\-DQ FRPEDWWHGE\YHJHWDEOHDFLGVVXFKDVOHPRQ .DUVW0HWDO$QDOJHVLFHIIHFWRIWKHV\QWKHWLFFDQQDELQRLG&7RQ MXLFHHPHWLFVDQGFROGDSSOLFDWLRQV FKURQLFQHXURSDWKLFSDLQ DUDQGRPL]HGFRQWUROOHGWULDO-$0$2FW 0DQ]DQDUHV-HWDO5ROHRIWKHFDQQDELQRLGV\VWHPLQSDLQFRQWURODQGWKHUD SHXWLFLPSOLFDWLRQVIRUWKHPDQDJHPHQWRIDFXWHDQGFKURQLFSDLQHSLVRGHV &XUU1HXURSKDUPDFRO-XO 5DIW'HWDO(IIHFWVRILQWUDYHQRXVWHWUDK\GURFDQQDELQRORQH[SHULPHQWDO Contraindications: DQGVXUJLFDOSDLQ3V\FKRORJLFDOFRUUHODWHVRIWKHDQDOJHVLFUHVSRQVH&OLQ 3KDUPDFRO7KHU -DQ • 8VHFDXWLRQLQFDUGLRYDVFXODU HJFRURQDU\ :DOODFH0HWDO'RVHGHSHQGHQWHIIHFWVRIVPRNHGFDQQDELVRQFDSVDLFLQ LQGXFHGSDLQDQGK\SHUDOJHVLDLQKHDOWK\YROXQWHHUV$QHVWKHVLRORJ\ KHDUWGLVHDVHK\SHUWHQVLRQRUKHDUWIDLOXUH 1RY :LOVH\%HWDO/RZGRVHYDSRUL]HGFDQQDELVVLJQL¿FDQWO\LPSURYHVQHXUR DQGUHVSLUDWRU\FRQGLWLRQV SDWKLFSDLQ-3DLQ)HE • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ FRQWURYHUVLDO • 3V\FKRVLVELSRODU 6FKL]RSKUHQLD • $GROHVFHQFH • $ORQJVLGHGULYLQJDQGRSHUDWLRQRILQWULFDWH PDFKLQHU\ • 1RWH &DQQDELVLVQRWDQDSSURYHG WKHUDSHXWLFVXEVWDQFHLQ&DQDGDDQGKDVQRW EHHQLVVXHGDQRWLFHRIFRPSOLDQFHE\+HDOWK &DQDGDDXWKRUL]LQJVDOHLQ&DQDGD Interactions: • $YRLGFRQFRPLWDQWXVHRIWREDFFRDQG DOFRKRORULOOLFLWGUXJV • 7+&PD\SRWHQWLDOO\LQKLELW&<3$ &<3$&<3& DQG&<3& ZKLOH &%'LQKLELWV&<3& &<3$DQG &<3$ KRZHYHUKLJKHUFRQFHQWUDWLRQV WKDQWKRVHVHHQFOLQLFDOO\DSSHDUWREH UHTXLUHGIRUVLJQL¿FDQWGUXJLQWHUDFWLRQV +RZHYHULWZRXOGEHSUXGHQWWRPRQLWRU SDWLHQWVRQPHGLFDWLRQVWKDWDUHPHWDEROL]HG E\WKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGHQ]\PHVLQFOXGLQJ DPLWULSW\OLQHIHQWDQ\O RSLRGV DQWLUHWURYLUDOV Monographs 147 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepard’s Purse) P Aerial )ODYRQRLGV C ,VRWKLRF\DQDWHV VXOIRUDSKDQH $PLQRDFLGV C +HPRVWDWLF A 'LXUHWLF $QWLWXPRU +HPRUUKDJLFFRQGLWLRQV SRVWSDUWXP I PHQRUUKDJLD F Brassicaceae Medicinal Actions: • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $QWLPLFURELDO • $QWLWXPRU • $VWULQJHQW • 'LXUHWLF • )HEULIXJH • +HPRVWDWLF 6W\SWLF • 8WHULQHWRQLF Constituents: Medicinal uses: • )ODYRQRLGV • ,VXVHGIRUWKHPRVWSDUWDVDVW\SWLFLQWKH • )XPDULF EXUVLFDFLGV UHSURGXFWLYHWUDFWDQGLVPRVWLQGLFDWHGLQ • ,VRWKLRF\DQDWHV VXOIRUDSKDQH FDVHVRIuterine bleeding, post partum hemorrhage, and menorrhagia. • $PLQRDFLGV &KROLQH $FHW\OFKROLQH +LVWDPLQH 7\UDPLQH • ,WFDQDOOD\LQWHUQDOEOHHGLQJLQDQ\VLWHEXW KDVPRVWHI¿FDF\LQVWDXQFKLQJEOHHGLQJ • 2[DODWHV 1XWULHQWV 9LWDPLQ.&%HWD IURPXOFHUDWHGWLVVXHV OXQJVWRPDFK FDURWHQHSRWDVVLXPFDOFLXP NLGQH\VHWF 148 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepard’s Purse) • ,WVVW\SWLFDFWLRQVDUHDOVRQRWHGRQH[WHUQDO HPPHQDJRJXH XWHULQHVWLPXODQWDFWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIZRXQGV • 8VHZLWKFDXWLRQLISDWLHQWKDVDKLVWRU\RI KHPRUUKRLGVDQGHSLVWD[LV R[DODWHNLGQH\VWRQHV • ,VDOVRDVRRWKLQJPLOGO\VWLPXODWLQJGLXUHWLF Interactions:9LWDPLQ.FRQWHQWVKRXOGEH PRVWLQGLFDWHGLQFDVHVRIKHPDWXULDDQG FRQVLGHUHGLIODUJHTXDQWLWLHVDUHXVHGIRUD XULQDU\VHGLPHQW ZHHNRUPRUHLQSDWLHQWVFRQFXUUHQWO\WDNLQJ • (WKDQROH[WUDFWVKDYHVKRZQLQKLELWLRQRQ DQWLFRDJXODQWPHGLFDWLRQV WKHFHOOJURZWKDQGDSRSWRVLVRIKXPDQRUDO C FDQFHUFHOOV References: &KRL:HWDO$QWL,QÀDPPDWRU\DQG$QWL6XSHUEDFWHULDO3URSHUWLHVRI 6XOIRUDSKDQHIURP6KHSKHUG¶V3XUVH.RUHDQ-3K\VLRO3KDUPDFRO )HE Pharmacology: &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW • $QLQWHUHVWLQJVW\SWLFDVLWLV127ULFK .XEtQRYD5HWDO$QWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\RIH[WUDFWVDQG+3/&DQDO\VLV RIÀDYRQRLGVIURP&DSVHOODEXUVDSDVWRULV / &HVND6ORY)DUP LQWDQQLQV6WXGLHVRIFRQVWLWXHQWVDUH $XJ .XURGD.HWDO,QKLELWRU\HIIHFWRI&DSVHOODEXUVDSDVWRULVH[WUDFWRQJURZWK LQFRQFOXVLYHDVWRZKLFKDUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRU RI(KUOLFKVROLGWXPRULQPLFH&DQFHU5HV -XQ .XURGD.HWDO6WXGLHVRQFDSVHOODEXUVDSDVWRULV*HQHUDOSKDUPDFRORJ\RI WKHDFWLRQVRIWKHSODQW HWKDQROH[WUDFWRIWKHKHUE$UFK,QW3KDUPDFRG\Q7KHU $SU .XURGD.HWDO3KDUPDFRORJLFDODQGFKHPLFDOVWXGLHVRQWKHDOFRKROH[WUDFW • 3RO\SHSWLGHVDUHWKRXJKWWREHUHVSRQVLEOH RI&DSVHOODEXUVDSDVWRULV/LIH6FL )HE .XURGD.HWDO3K\VLRORJLFDOO\DFWLYHVXEVWDQFHLQ&DSVHOODEXUVDSDVWRULV IRUWKHXWHULQHFRQWUDFWLOHDFWLRQV VLPLODUWR 1DWXUH 1RY /HH.HWDO(IIHFWRIPHWKDQROH[WUDFWVRI&QLGLXPRI¿FLQDOH0DNLQRDQG WKHFRQWUDFWLRQVSURGXFHGE\R[\WRFLQ &DSVHOODEXUVDSDVWRULVRQWKHDSRSWRVLVRI+6&KXPDQRUDOFDQFHUFHOOV ([S7KHU0HG0DU • )ODYRQRLGVDUHWKRXJKWWRFRQWULEXWHWRDQWL LQÀDPPDWRU\DQGDQWLXOFHUDFWLRQV • 7UDQVLHQWGHFUHDVHLQEORRGSUHVVXUHPD\EH GXHWRWKHDFHW\OFKROLQH • 6XOIRUDSKDQHKDVVKRZQDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DFWLYLW\WKURXJKPRGXODWLRQRIQLWULFR[LGH LQWHUOHXNLQV SURVWDJODQGLQ( 3*( F\FORR[\JHQDVHOHYHOV Pharmacy: • ,QIXVLRQ JGD\ IRUKHDY\EOHHGLQJ J FXS7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,' POVKRUW WHUPIRUKHDY\EOHHGLQJ 0D[POZHHN • 3RXOWLFH&RPSUHVVIRUH[WHUQDOEOHHGLQJ Toxicity:1RQHNQRZQ Contraindications: • 7KHRUHWLFDOO\LQSUHJQDQF\GXHWRLWV Monographs 149 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Capsicum frutescens/annuum (Cayenne) P )UXLW &DSVDLFLQRLGV FDSVDLFLQ C 6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQV FDSVLFLGLQV &DURWHQRLGV 7RFRSKHUROV C $QDOJHVLF A &LUFXODWRU\VWLPXODQW 'LDSKRUHWLF 5XEHIDFLHQW 3RRUFLUFXODWLRQ HJ5D\QDXG¶V I KHDGDFKHVG\VSHSVLD 7RSLFDOFRXQWHULUULWDQWLQUKHXPDWLF QHXUDOJLFSDLQV F Solanaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • &DSVDLFLQRLGV FDSVDLFLQ • 2QHRIWKHSXUHVWRIDOONQRZQVWLPXODQWV • &DURWHQRLGV 7RFRSKHUROV DQGWKHPRVWXVHIXORIWKHVWLPXODWLQJ GLDSKRUHWLFV:ZLOOLQFUHDVHERG\ • 6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQV FDSVLFLGLQV WHPSHUDWXUHDQGDLGLQLQIHFWLRQV JHQHUDO ERG\FOHDQVLQJ Medicinal Actions: • ,WUHJXODWHVEORRGÀRZVWUHQJWKHQVWKHKHDUW DUWHULHVFDSLOODULHVDQGQHUYHVDQGZLOODLG • $QDOJHVLF LQSRRUSHULSKHUDOFLUFXODWLRQFDXVLQJFROG • $QWLPLFURELDO KDQGVDQGIHHW • $QWLR[LGDQW • ,VXVHGLQÀDWXOHQWG\VSHSVLDDQGFROLF DQGDVDFLUFXODWRU\VWLPXODQWZLOOLQFUHDVH • &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF EORRGVXSSO\WRWKHGLJHVWLYHRUJDQVKHQFH • &LUFXODWRU\VWLPXODQW HQKDQFLQJWKHLUDFWLYLWLHV VHFUHWLRQVDQG • 'LDSKRUHWLF UHJXODUFRQWUDFWLRQV • )HEULIXJH • 7RSLFDOO\LWLVXVHGDUXEHIDFLHQWWRLQFUHDVH FLUFXODWLRQDQGDLGLQSUREOHPVVXFKDV • +HPRVWDWLF UKHXPDWLFSDLQV,W¶VFRXQWHULUULWDQWHIIHFW • 5XEHIDFLHQW FDXVHVYDVRGLODWLRQ DQGKHDW LQZKLFKHYHU WLVVXHZLWKZKLFKLWFRPHVLQWRFRQWDFW 150 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Capsicum frutescens/annuum (Cayenne) • ([HUWVDQDQDOJHVLFHIIHFWV\VWHPLFDOO\LI DQGEORRGSUHVVXUH WDNHQLQWHUQDOO\RULQWKHDUHDRIWRSLFDO • ([WHUQDODGYHUVHHIIHFWVPD\RFFXULI DSSOLFDWLRQDQGLVXVHGWRUHOLHYHSDLQ H[WUDFWVDUHKLJKO\FRQFHQWUDWHGLQFDSVDLFLQ DVVRFLDWHGZLWK+HUSHV]RVWHUDUWKUDOJLD DQGDUHDSSOLHGIRUDSURORQJHGSHULRGRI DQGKHDGDFKHV WLPH$GYHUVHUHDFWLRQVWRWRSLFDODSSOLFDWLRQ • &LUFXODWRU\VWLPXODWLRQPD\PRELOL]HOLSLGV LQFOXGH EXUQLQJVWLQJLQJHU\WKHPDKHDW IURPDGLSRVHWLVVXHDQGUHGXFHWULJO\FHULGHV SDLQDQGZLWKSURORQJHGXVHPD\FDXVH WKXVKDVEHHQPDUNHWHGE\VRPHFRPSDQLHV SHUPDQHQWORVVRIVHQVRU\QHUYHIXQFWLRQLQ C DVDZHLJKWORVVVXSSOHPHQW WKHDUHDRIDSSOLFDWLRQ Pharmacology: Contraindications: • Capsaicinoids PDLQO\FDSVDLFLQ VWLPXODWHV • Internal use: DFWLYHGXRGHQDOXOFHU*(5' FLUFXODWLRQHVSHFLDOO\WRZDUGVWKH*,7 DFXWHGLDUUKHDDFXWHFKROHOLWKLDVLVDQG PXFRVDZKLFKLVVHQVLWLYHWRFDSVDLFLQ VHYHUHK\SHUWHQVLRQ'XULQJSUHJQDQF\ SURPRWLQJEORRGÀRZWRWKHDUHDDQG GRVHVVKRXOGQRWH[FHHGQRUPDOGLHWDU\ LQFUHDVLQJYDVFXODUSHUPHDELOLW\ OHYHOVDQGFDXWLRQVKRXOGEHXVHGGXULQJ • $SSHDUVWRVWLPXODWHH[FHVVLYHSURGXFWLRQRI ODFWDWLRQ VXEVWDQFH3 DQHXURWUDQVPLWWHULQYROYHGLQ • External use: DSSOLFDWLRQWRH\HVDQGRU SDLQLQÀDPPDWLRQDQGSUXULWXV E\SHULSKHUDO PXFRVDOPHPEUDQHV QHXURQVWRWKHSRLQWRIGHSOHWLRQIURP • $YRLGLQDOOHUJ\WR6RODQDFHDHIDPLO\ VHQVRU\DIIHUHQWQHUYHVFUHDWLQJWHPSRUDU\ DQDOJHVLFHIIHFWV • 1RWH 6KRXOGEHUHVHUYHGIRUXVHZKHQ VLJQL¿FDQWVWLPXODWLRQLVUHTXLUHG Pharmacy: ,VLQGLFDWHGLQJDVWULFDQGGLJHVWLYH • 7LQFWXUH 7,'Maximum LQVXI¿FLHQF\EXWUHODWLYHO\FRQWUDLQGLFDWHG weekly dose is 3 ml. LQXOFHUDWLRQVDQGLQÀDPPDWLRQVRIWKH • &DSVXOHV PJ7,' GLJHVWLYHWUDFW • 7RSLFDO 2LQWPHQWDQGFUHDPVSUQ Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ References: • 1RWH $OOLQWHUQDOIRUPVRIFDSVLFXPDUH $VQLQ/HWDO,VRODWLRQDQGDQDO\VLVRIELRDFWLYHFRPSRXQGVLQ&DSVLFXP SHSSHUV&ULW5HY)RRG6FL1XWU EHVWWROHUDWHGLIWDNHQZLWKIRRG:KHQ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ DGGHGWRRWKHUKHUEVZLOOHQKDQFHVWKHLU 3RVW +D\PDQ0HWDO&DSVDLFLQ $UHYLHZRILWVSKDUPDFRORJ\DQGFOLQLFDODSSOLFD VWLPXODWRU\HIIHFWV HJLVDJRRGDGGLWLRQWR WLRQV&XUUHQW$QDHVWKHVLD &ULWLFDO&DUH9ROXPH ,VVXHV±2FWREHU± 'HFHPEHU3DJHV± IRUPXODVLQRUGHUWRHQKDQFHWKHLUFLUFXODWLRQ +HUQiQGH]2UWHJD0HWDO$QWLR[LGDQWDQWLQRFLFHSWLYHDQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ HIIHFWVRIFDURWHQRLGVH[WUDFWHGIURPGULHGSHSSHU &DSVLFXPDQQXXP/ - DQGVWLPXODWRU\HIIHFWVRIRWKHUKHUEV HJ %LRPHG%LRWHFKQRO 6KDUPD6HWDO0HFKDQLVPVDQGFOLQLFDOXVHVRIFDSVDLFLQ(XU-3KDUPDFRO &RPELQHVZHOOZLWK*LQNJRELOREDLQWKH 1RY WUHDWPHQWRI5D\QDXG¶VV\QGURPH 6ULQLYDVDQ.%LRORJLFDO$FWLYLWLHVRI5HG3HSSHU &DSVLFXPDQQXXP DQG,WV 3XQJHQW3ULQFLSOH&DSVDLFLQ $5HYLHZ&ULW5HY)RRG6FL1XWU)HE 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH Toxicity: 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ • 6\PSWRPVRILQWHUQDOWR[LFLW\LQFOXGH KHDUWEXUQDQDOEXUQLQJDQGJDVWULFHURVLRQV *,7XSVHWDQGGLDUUKHD,QWHUQDOWR[LFLW\ PD\RFFXULILQJHVWHGLQTXDQWLWLHVJUHDWHU WKDQWKHWKHUDSHXWLFGRVHVDZD\IURPIRRG 0D\FDXVHWUDQVLHQWLQFUHDVHLQKHDUWUDWH Monographs 151 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Cassia angustifolia (Senna) P /HDI 3RGV $QWKUDTXLQRQHV VHQQRVLGHV C 1DSKWKDOHQHJO\FRVLGHV 0XFLODJH C /D[DWLYH VWLPXODWLQJ A &DWKDUWLF 'HPXOFHQW 7HPSRUDU\OD[DWLYHHVSHFLDOO\ I LQGLFDWHGLQDWRQLFFRQVWLSDWLRQ F Fabaceae ZKHQIDVWDFWLRQLVQHHGHGRUXQWLOWKHFDXVH Constituents: RIFRQVWLSDWLRQLVGLVFRYHUHG • $QWKUDTXLQRQHJO\FRVLGHV VHQQRVLGHV • ,WVLQÀXHQFHLVFKLHÀ\RQWKHVPDOOLQWHVWLQHV WKHLUDJO\FRQHV DXJPHQWLQJVHFUHWLRQVDQGSHULVWDOVLV • 1DSKWKDOHQHJO\FRVLGHV DQGSURGXFLQJORRVH\HOORZLVKEURZQ • 0XFLODJH HYDFXDWLRQ • )ODYRQRLGV • +DVGHPRQVWUDWHGDQWKHOPLQWLFSURSHUWLHV LQYLWUR • 9RODWLOHRLO • 5HVLQV Pharmacology: • AnthraquinonesDUHDEVRUEHGLQWRWKH Medicinal Actions: EORRGDQGUHVHFUHWHGLQWRWKHFRORQDV • 6WLPXODQWOD[DWLYH &DWKDUWLF GLUHFW DFWLYHDQWKUDTXLQRQHVZKHUHWKH\VWLPXODWH VWLPXODWLRQRIDERZHOPRYHPHQW VPRRWKPXVFOHFRQWUDFWLRQ • 5HVLQ KLJKHVWLQWKHOHDYHV FDQEHLUULWDWLQJ WRWKHXSSHU*,7FDXVLQJQDXVHD Medicinal uses: • 8VHGDVa temporary laxative for non- LQÁDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQVRIWKHLQWHVWLQDO tract. • (VSHFLDOO\LQGLFDWHGLQDWRQLFFRQVWLSDWLRQ 152 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Cassia angustifolia (Senna) Pharmacy: • 3UHJQDQF\ FDQSURYRNHUHÀH[FRQWUDFWLRQV • ,QIXVLRQ GULHGSRGV WVS VWHHSHGLQ LQWKHXWHUXVZKHQWDNHQGXULQJSUHJQDQF\ FROGRUKRWZDWHUIRUKRXUV OHDGLQJWRPLVFDUULDJH • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'0D[PO ZHHN Interactions: • 'ULHGKHUE JGD\ • 'XHWRGUDPDWLFGHFUHDVHLQWUDQVLWWLPH FDQLQWHUIHUHZLWKDEVRUSWLRQRISUDFWLFDOO\ • 1RWH 'RQRWXVH!GD\VFRQVHFXWLYHO\ C DQ\GUXJ • ,IWKHSRGVDUHVRDNHGLQFROGZDWHUUHVLQV DUHQRWH[WUDFWHGDQGWKHLQIXVLRQKDVOHVVRI • $YRLGFRQFRPLWDQWXVHZLWKGUXJVWKDW DOD[DWLYHDFWLRQ$KRWVHQQDWHDLVWKHUHIRUH FDXVHK\SRNDOHPLDFDUGLDFJO\FRVLGHV DVWURQJHUOD[DWLYH,WLVEHVWWRFRPELQHZLWK DQWLDUUK\WKPLFVDQGVRPHGLXUHWLFV FDUPLQDWLYHKHUEVWRUHGXFHJULSSLQJ References $FV1HWDO6HQQDWUHDWPHQWLQSUHJQDQWZRPHQDQGFRQJHQLWDODEQRUPDOLWLHV LQWKHLURIIVSULQJDSRSXODWLRQEDVHGFDVHFRQWUROVWXG\5HSURG7R[LFRO Toxicity: -XO &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ • 8VH!GD\VFRQVHFXWLYHO\IUHTXHQWO\ 3RVW )UDQ]*7KHVHQQDGUXJDQGLWVFKHPLVWU\3KDUPDFRORJ\ 2FW H[DFHUEDWHVDWRQLFLW\RIWKHFRORQDQGFDQ 6XSSO -XQHL.HWDO$QDQWKUDTXLQRQHJO\FRVLGHIURP&DVVLDDQJXVWLIROLDOHDYHV OHDGWRGHSHQGHQFHRQOD[DWLYHVIRUDERZHO 3K\WRFKHPLVWU\9ROXPH,VVXH'HFHPEHU 3DJHV± .XQGX6HWDO%URDGVSHFWUXPDQWKHOPLQWLFSRWHQWLDORI&DVVLDSODQWV PRYHPHQWWRRFFXU $VLDQ3DF-7URS%LRPHG0D\ 6LOYD&$VVHVVPHQWRIDQWLPXWDJHQLFDQGJHQRWR[LFSRWHQWLDORIVHQQD &DVVLD • 5HFXUUHQWXVHRUDEXVHFDQOHDGWR DQJXVWLIROLD9DKO DTXHRXVH[WUDFWXVLQJLQYLWURDVVD\V7R[LFRO,Q9LWUR )HE HOHFWURO\WHLPEDODQFHV SDUWLFXODUO\ Contraindications: • 8VH!GD\VLQWHVWLQDOREVWUXFWLRQVSDVWLF FRQVWLSDWLRQDFXWHLQWHVWLQDOLQÀDPPDWLRQ DEGRPLQDOSDLQRIXQNQRZQRULJLQDQG FKLOGUHQ \HDUVROG Monographs 153 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue Cohosh) P 5RRW 5KL]RPH $ONDORLGV C 6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQV 5HVLQ C $QWLVSDVPRGLF A 8WHULQHWRQLF 3DUWXULIDFLHQW /DERXUSUHS I /RVVRIWRQHRULQÀDPPDWLRQRIWKH XWHUXV F Berberidaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • $ONDORLGV PHWK\F\WLVWLQHDQDJ\ULQH • $QH[FHOOHQWXWHULQHWRQLFWKDWZLOOLQFUHDVH EDSLWIROLQHPDJQRÀRULQH EORRGVXSSO\WRWKHXWHUXVYLDYDVRGLODWDWLRQ DQGLVLQGLFDWHGLQany conditions of • 6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQV FDXORVDSRQLQ uterine weakness and loss of tone due FDXORSK\OORVDSRQLQ WRFKURQLFLQÁDPPDWLRQ HJFHUYLFLWLV • 7ULWHUSHQHJO\FRVLGHV FKURQLF3,'HQGRPHWULRVLVG\VPHQRUUKHD DPHQRUUKHDRYDULDQSDLQDQGRU • 5HVLQ LQÀDPPDWLRQLUUHJXODUPHQVHVLQIHUWLOLW\DQG WKUHDWHQHGPLVFDUULDJH Medicinal Actions: • ,VVSHFL¿FDOO\LQGLFDWHGZKHQXWHULQHVSDVPV • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DUHZRUVHWKH¿UVWGD\RIPHQVWUXDOÀRZDQG LQFDVHVZKHUHWKHUHLVSHOYLFSDLQDVHQVH • $QWLUKHXPDWLF RISHOYLFIXOOQHVV KHDY\RUGHHSDFKLQJSDLQ • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • ,WVDQWLVSDVPRGLFDFWLRQZLOOHDVHIDOVH • 'LXUHWLF ODERXUSDLQVDQGZKHQXVHGMXVWEHIRUHELUWK ZLOOKHOSIDFLOLWDWHODERUE\QRUPDOL]LQJXWHULQH • (PPHQDJRJXH FRQWUDFWLRQVUHOD[WKHFHUYLFDORVDQGKHOS • 2[\WRFLF HQVXUHDQHDV\GHOLYHU\0XVFOHFRQWUDFWLRQV DUHVWUHQJWKHQHG SRVLWLYHLQRWURSLFHIIHFW • 3DUWXULHQW IDFLOLWDWHVODERXU DQGVORZHGGRZQ QHJDWLYHFKURQRWURSLF • 8WHULQHWRQLF HIIHFW • $VDQHPPHQDJRJXHLWFDQEHXVHGWR 154 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue Cohosh) EULQJRQDGHOD\HGRUVXSSUHVVHGPHQVHV Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ ZKLOHHQVXULQJWKDWWKHSDLQWKDWVRPHWLPHV DFFRPSDQLHVLWLVUHOLHYHG References &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW 'XJRXD-HWDO6DIHW\DQGHI¿FDF\RIEOXHFRKRVK &DXORSK\OOXP Pharmacology: WKDOLFWURLGHV GXULQJSUHJQDQF\DQGODFWDWLRQ&DQ-&OLQ3KDUPDFRO :LQWHU H • Steroidal saponins LQÀXHQFHKRUPRQDO /HH<HWDW$QWL,QÀDPPDWRU\(IIHFWRI7ULWHUSHQH6DSRQLQV,VRODWHGIURP%OXH &RKRVK &DXORSK\OOXPWKDOLFWURLGHV (YLG%DVHG&RPSOHPHQW$OWHUQDW0HG DFWLYLW\DQGFRQWULEXWHWRDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ 0DWVXR<HWDO7ULWHUSHQHJO\FRVLGHVIURPWKHXQGHUJURXQGSDUWVRI&DXORSK\O C DQGDQWLVSDVPRGLFHIIHFWV OXPWKDOLFWURLGHV-1DW3URG -XQ 5DGHU- 3DZDU53ULPDU\FRQVWLWXHQWVRIEOXHFRKRVK TXDQWL¿FDWLRQ DUHR[\WRFLFDQWLVSDVPRGLFDQG LQGLHWDU\VXSSOHPHQWVDQGSRWHQWLDOIRUWR[LFLW\$QDO%LRDQDO&KHP • Alkaloids 0D\ FDUGLRDFWLYH :X0HWDO7HUDWRJHQLFHIIHFWVRIEOXHFRKRVK &DXORSK\OOXPWKDOLFWURLGHV LQ-DSDQHVHPHGDND 2U\]LDVODWLSHV DUHSUREDEO\PHGLDWHGWKURXJK*$7$ • 0D\HQKDQFHHVWUDGLROELQGLQJWRHVWURJHQ ('1VLJQDOLQJSDWKZD\&KHP5HV7R[LFRO$XJ UHFHSWRUVDQGLQFUHDVHHVWUDGLROLQGXFHG WUDQVFULSWLRQDFWLYLW\HVWURJHQUHVSRQVLYH FHOOV Pharmacy: • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXS FXS7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ PD[ Toxicity: • 1DXVHDKHDGDFKHDQGLQFUHDVHGEORRG SUHVVXUHDWGRVHV[JUHDWHUWKDQWKRVH OLVWHGDERYH • 7KHUHDUHFDVHVLQWKHOLWHUDWXUHRIIHWDO KDUP ERWKDVVRFLDWHGZLWKLPSURSHUXVHG LQFOXGLQJRYHUGRVLQJDQGXVHIRUWRRORQJD SHULRGRIWLPH • %DVHGRQFDVHUHSRUWVRIFDUGLDFWR[LFLW\ DERUWLYHHIIHFWVQLFRWLQLFWR[LFLW\DQG SRWHQWLDOWHUDWRJHQLFLW\VKRXOGEHXVHGZLWK FDXWLRQDQGRQO\XQGHUPHGLFDOSURIHVVLRQDO VXSHUYLVLRQVXFKDVREVWHWULFLDQVPLGZLIHV QDWXURSDWKLFGRFWRUVDQGPHGLFDOKHUEDOLVWV Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\ EHVLGHVODERXU Monographs 155 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) P Aerial 7ULWHUSHQRLGVDSRQLQV DVLDWLFRVLGH C 9LWDPLQV 0LQHUDOV )ODYRQRLGV C 1HUYLQHWRQLF A $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ &RQQHFWLYHWLVVXHEXLOGHU 3RRUFRJQLWLRQ PHPRU\ I :RXQGKHDOLQJ ZHDNRULQÀDPPHG Constituents: FRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHV • 7ULWHUSHQRLGVDSRQLQV DVLDWLFRVLGH PDGHFDVVRVLGH EUDKPRVLGH F Apiaceae • 1XWULHQWV 9LWDPLQV. %1D&D0J • $PLQRDFLGV Medicinal uses: • $OODQWRLQ • $UHYLWDOL]LQJKHUEWKDWstrengthens nervous system function & memory. ,VDEDODQFLQJ • )ODYRQRLGV TXHUFLWLQ NDHPSIHURO WRQLFWKDWEULQJVVWLPXODWLRQWRWKHEUDLQYLD • 9RODWLOHRLOV FHUHEUDOEORRGFLUFXODWLRQZKLOHEHLQJD UHOD[LQJQHUYLQHWRRWKHUDUHDVRIWKHERG\ • $ONDORLGV • ,VDOVRXVHGLQVNLQFRQGLWLRQV ZRXQG • 3K\WRVWHUROV KHDOLQJWRVSHHGXSFROODJHQIRUPDWLRQ Medicinal Actions: DQJLRJHQHVLVDQGLQFUHDVLQJDQWLR[LGDQW OHYHOVZLWKLQWKHZRXQGLQHDUO\VWDJHVRI • $GDSWRJHQ WLVVXHUHSDLU • $OWHUDWLYH • Promotes the repair of connective tissue • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ LQFOXGLQJKDLUDQGQDLOVDQGWKHWUHDWPHQW • $QWLUKHXPDWLF RIEXUQVDQGVFDUV$OVRXVHIXOLQYHQRXV LQVXI¿FLHQF\DQGPLFURDQJLRSDWK\ • %LWWHU • &RQQHFWLYHWLVVXHEXLOGHU • 'LXUHWLF • 1HUYLQH7RQLF • 3HULSKHUDOYDVRGLODWRU • 9XOQHUDU\ 156 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) Pharmacology: References %LDQ'HWDO$VLDWLFDFLGLVRODWHGIURP&HQWHOODDVLDWLFDLQKLELWV7*)ȕ LQGXFHGFROODJHQH[SUHVVLRQLQKXPDQNHORLG¿EUREODVWVYLD33$5ȖDFWLYDWLRQ • Triterpenoid saponins (asiaticoside) are ,QW-%LRO6FL2FW YXOQHUDU\DQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\:LOOLQFUHDVH %ULQNKDXV%HWDO&KHPLFDOSKDUPDFRORJLFDODQGFOLQLFDOSUR¿OHRIWKH(DVW $VLDQPHGLFDOSODQW&HQWHOODDVLDWLFD3K\WRPHGLFLQH YDVFXODUL]DWLRQRIFRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHDQGWKH %\OND:HWDO&HQWHOODDVLDWLFDLQFRVPHWRORJ\3RVWHS\'HUPDWRO$OHUJRO )HE IRUPDWLRQRIVWUXFWXUDOJO\FRVDPLQRJO\FDQV &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW FKRQGURLWLQVXOIDWHK\DOXURQLFDFLG -DPHV-3HQWDF\FOLFWULWHUSHQRLGVIURPWKHPHGLFLQDOKHUE&HQWHOODDVLDWLFD / 8UEDQ0ROHFXOHV 2FW LVDGLXUHWLF&16GHSUHVVDQW -RUJH2$HWDO+HSDWRWR[LFLW\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHLQJHVWLRQRI&HQWHOODDVLDWLFD • Brahmoside 5HY(VS(QIHUP'LJ DQGUHGXFHVPRWRUDFWLYLW\ /L+HWDO0DGHFDVVRVLGHDWWHQXDWHVLQÀDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVHRQFROODJHQ C LQGXFHGDUWKULWLVLQ'%$PLFH3K\WRPHGLFLQH -XQ 1RZZDURWH1HWDO$VLDWLFRVLGHLQGXFHVW\SH,FROODJHQV\QWKHVLVDQG RVWHRJHQLFGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQLQKXPDQSHULRGRQWDOOLJDPHQWFHOOV3K\WRWKHU5HV 0DU Pharmacy: 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ • ,QIXVLRQ WEVSFXSLQIXVHPLQ7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'0D[PO ZHHN • ([WUDFW VWDQGDUGL]HGWRFRQWDLQDVLDWLFRVLGH 7KH&KLQHVHYDOXH&HQWHOODPRUH PJ4' DVDSODQWWKDWLQFUHDVHVORQJHYLW\ • 7RSLFDODVSRXOWLFHRLOORWLRQRUVDOYH DQGEUDLQFDSDFLW\WKDWIRUDQ\RWKHU SXUSRVH$QLQGLDQSURYHUEKDVEHHQ WUDQVODWHGDQGUHDGV³DOHDIRUWZRD Toxicity: GD\ZLOONHHSROGDJHDZD\´ • 6LGHHIIHFWVPD\LQFOXGH*,7XSVHWLWFKLQHVV FRQWDFWGHUPDWLWLVVHGDWLRQKHDGDFKHVDQG SKRWRVHQVLWL]DWLRQ • &DUFLQRJHQLFFRQFHUQVLIXVHGORQJWHUP WRSLFDOO\ Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\ /DFWDWLRQ VDIHW\QRW HVWDEOLVKHGPD\GHFUHDVHIHUWLOLW\ • $OOHUJLFVHQVLWLYLW\LQVRPHSDWLHQWV • $YRLGLQKLVWRU\RIOLYHUGLVHDVHRUZKHUH VHGDWLRQSRVHVGDQJHU Interactions: • 0D\LQKLELWHI¿FDF\RIDQWLGLDEHWLFDJHQWV DQWLK\SHUOLSLGHPLFV • 0D\KDYHDGGLWLYHHIIHFWVZLWKYDVRGLODWRUV &16GHSUHVVDQWVDQGDOWHUHIIHFWVRI *$%$QHUJLFPHGLFDWLRQV Monographs 157 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Chamaelirium luteum (False Unicorn Root) P 5RRW 6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQV FKDPDHOLULQ C KHORQLQ *O\FRVLGHV C 8WHULQHWRQLF A (PPHQDJRJXH +RUPRQH%DODQFHU (QGRPHWULRVLV306 I '\VPHQQRUKHD F Liliaceae V\VWHPLWFDQEHHTXDOO\EHQH¿FLDOIRUPHQ WRLPSDUWWRQH YLJRUWRWKHSHOYLFRUJDQV • $VDKRUPRQHEDODQFHULVSDUWLFXODUO\ XVHIXOLQG\VPHQRUUKHDDPHQRUUKHDDQG WKUHDWHQHGPLVFDUULDJH Constituents: • 1RWH ,VFRQVLGHUHGDQHQGDQJHUHGSODQWDQG • 6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQV FKDPDHOLULQ KHORQLQ VKRXOGEHXVHGFRQVFLRXVO\ VSDULQJO\E\ • *O\FRVLGHV WKHKHUEDOSUDFWLWLRQHU Medicinal Actions: Pharmacology: • 'LXUHWLF • Steroidal saponinsDUHSK\WRHVWURJHQLFDQG DFWDPSKRWHULFDOO\LQVLWXDWLRQVRIKRUPRQDO • 8WHULQHWRQLF LPEDODQFH DUHEDVHGRQGLRVJHQLQ • (PPHQDJRJXH • +RUPRQH%DODQFHU Pharmacy: • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSZDWHUFXS7,' Medicinal uses: • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'0D[ • 7RQL¿HVDQGVWUHQJWKHQVWKHUHSURGXFWLYH POZHHN V\VWHPDVDZKROH • 7KRXJKSULPDULO\XVHGIRUWKHIHPDOH 158 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Chamaelirium luteum (False Unicorn Root) Contraindications: • $YRLGLQHDUO\SUHJQDQF\ 7KLVKHUEJRHVE\PDQ\QDPHV +HOR QLDVEOD]LQJVWDUDQGVRPHWLPHVIDLU\ Toxicity: ZDQG%RWK1DWLYH$PHULFDQVDQGPLG • ,QODUJHGRVHVLWLVDFDUGLDFSRLVRQDQGZLOO ZLYHVKDYHXVHGWKLVKHUEIRUKXQGUHGV FDXVHQDXVHD YRPLWLQJ RI\HDUV,WLVQDWLYHWR1RUWK$PHULFD EXWJURZVEHVWLQHDVWHUQ&DQDGDDQG C WKH8QLWHG6WDWHV%HFDXVHRILWVSRSX Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ ODULW\DQGWKHKXPDQGHVLUHWRSUR¿W WKLVKHUELVQRZWKUHDWHQHG,QIDFWZLOG KDUYHVWLQJRIWKLVKHUELVSXVKLQJLWHYHU References FORVHUWRWKHHQGDQJHUHGOLVWDQGLQIDFW &KDOOLQRU9HWDO6WUXFWXUHDQGELRDFWLYLW\RIVWHURLGDOVDSRQLQVLVRODWHG IURPWKHURRWVRI&KDPDHOLULXPOXWHXP IDOVHXQLFRUQ -1DW3URG$XJ VRPHKHUEDOLVWVUHIXVHWRGLVSHQVHLW &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW Monographs 159 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Chionanthus virginicus (Fringetree) P 5RRW%DUN 6DSRQLQJO\FRVLGH FKLRQDQWKLQ C /LJQLQJO\FRVLGHV %LWWHUSULQFLSOH C $OWHUDWLYH A %LWWHU +HSDWLF&KROHUHWLF &KRODJRJXH +HSDWRELOLDU\FRQJHVWLRQ HJ JDOOVWRQHV I 6SOHQRPHJDO\ 8VHGKLVWRULFDOO\WRWUHDWPDODULD F Oleaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 6DSRQLQV FKLRQDQWKLQ • ,VPRVWLQGLFDWHGLQVWDWHVRIhepato-biliary • /LJQDQJO\FRVLGHV 3K\OOLULQHSK\OO\ULQ congestion with partial obstruction GXH SLQRUHVLQRO WRKHSDWLFLQÀDPPDWLRQDQGRUJDOOVWRQHV H[FHVVPXFRXVDQGLPSDLUHGKHSDWLF • 6HFRLULGRLGV ROHXURSHLQOLJXVWURVLGH IXQFWLRQLQJ DQJXVWLIROLRVLGH • ,QJRXWDQGLPSDLUHGPHWDEROLVPRIXUHDZLWK UHVXOWDQWLQFUHDVHLQXULFDFLGH[FUHWLRQDQG Medicinal Actions: FRQVHTXHQWMRLQWGLVHDVH • $OWHUDWLYH • 8VHGKLVWRULFDOO\WRWUHDWPDODULDEHFDXVH LWVWLPXODWHVWKHDFWLYLW\RIERWKWKHOLYHU • %LWWHU DQGWKHVSOHHQDQGLQIDFWVWLPXODWHVDOO • +HSDWLF&KROHUHWLF &KRODJRJXH JODQGXODUWLVVXHWRVRPHH[WHQW)RUWKLV UHDVRQLWPD\EHKHOSIXOLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRI • 'LXUHWLF W\SH,,GLDEHWHV K\SHUJO\FHPLDWKURXJKLWV • /D[DWLYH KHSDWLFDQGSDQFUHDWLFVWLPXODWLRQ • /\PSKDWLF Pharmacology: • 1RWVSHFL¿FDOO\NQRZQ • ,QJHQHUDOELWWHUFKRODJRJXHVVWLPXODWHWKH ÀRZRIELOHLQWRWKHVPDOOLQWHVWLQHZKHUHDV FKROHUHWLFVLQFUHDVHWKHSURGXFWLRQRIELOHE\ WKHOLYHU 160 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Chionanthus virginicus (Fringetree) Pharmacy: • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSEDUNFXSZDWHUFXS7,' )ULQJHWUHHJHWVLWVQDPHIURPLWV • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ FORXGVRIÀHHF\ZKLWHVRIWO\IUDJUDQW PD[ ÀRZHUVWKDWKDQJIURPWKHEUDQFKHV LQODWHVSULQJDQGHDUO\VXPPHU,W Toxicity: LVDGHFLGXRXVVKUXERUVPDOOWUHH WKDWFDQJURZXSWR¶LQWKHZLOG C • ([FHVVLYHVDOLYDWLRQPD\UHVXOW DQGPRVWRIWHQRFFXUVLQULFKPRLVW ZRRGVDQGKLOOVLGHVPRLVWVWUHDP EDQNVOLPHVWRQHJODGHPDUJLQVDQG Contraindications: URFN\EOXIIVDQGOHGJHV • 6KRXOGQRWEHXVHGLQFDVHVRILPSDFWHG VWRQHVRUPDOLJQDQWJURZWKVREVWUXFWLQJWKH KHSDWLFGXFW Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ References %R\HU/HWDO&KLRQDQWKXVYLUJLQLFXV/ SK\WRFKHPLFDODQDO\VLVDQGTXDOLW\ FRQWURORIKHUEDOGUXJDQGKHUEDOSUHSDUDWLRQV1DW3URG&RPPXQ -XQ %R\HU/HWDO/LJQDQVDQGVHFRLULGRLGVIURPWKHURRWEDUNRI&KLRQDQWKXV YLUJLQLFXV/ LVRODWLRQLGHQWL¿FDWLRQDQG+3/&DQDO\VLV3K\WRFKHP$QDO 6HS2FW &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW *OoLQ<HWDO$FRPSDUDWLYHVWXG\RQWKHDQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\RIIULQJHWUHH &KLRQDQWKXVYLUJLQLFXV/ H[WUDFWV$IULFDQ-RXUQDORI%LRWHFKQRORJ\9RO 1R øOKDPL*HWDO$QWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\RIOLJQDQVIURPIULQJHWUHH &KLRQDQWKXV YLUJLQLFXV/ (XURSHDQ)RRG5HVHDUFKDQG7HFKQRORJ\2FWREHU9ROXPH ,VVXHSS 6WDQVEXU\-%DVLF1DWXURSDWKLF3URWRFROV $OWHUDWLYH%RWDQLFDOV Monographs 161 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Cinnamomum zeylanicum/verum (Cinnamon) P ,QQHUEDUN 9RODWLOHRLO FLQQDPDOGHK\GH C 7DQQLQV 0HWK\OK\GUR[\FKDOFRQHSRO\PHUV C $VWULQJHQW A &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF +\SRJO\FHPLF +\SHUJO\FHPLD 7\SH'LDEHWHV +\SHUWHQVLRQ I 6SDVWLFFRQVWLSDWLRQ PXVFOH FUDPSLQJ Constituents: F Lauraceae • 9RODWLOHRLO HJFLQQDPDOGHK\GHHXJHQRO DQGPHWK\OHXJHQRO • $VDFDUPLQDWLYHLVDXVHIXOFRPSDQLRQWR • 7DQQLQV OD[DWLYHVDQGLVFRQVLGHUHGZDUPLQJWRZDUGV WKHLQWHVWLQDOWUDFW • &RXPDULQV • $VWULQJHQWSURSHUWLHVPDNHLWXVHIXOIRUWKH • 0HWK\OK\GUR[\FKDOFRQHSRO\PHUV WUHDWPHQWRIdiarrhea and for conditions of passive hemorrhage HJHSLVWD[LV PHQRUUKDJLDSRVWSDUWXPKHPRUUKDJH Medicinal Actions: • +HOSIXOLQFROGVDQGÀXVDVLWLVDQWLYLUDO • $QWLPLFURELDO • +DVVKRZQEHQH¿FLDOHIIHFWVRQ • $VWULQJHQW hyperglycemia in type II diabeticsE\ • &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF SURPRWLQJLQVXOLQUHOHDVHHQKDQFLQJLQVXOLQ • +HPRVWDWLF VHQVLWLYLW\DQGH[HUWLQJDFWLYLW\LQWKH UHJXODWLRQRISURWHLQW\URVLQHSKRVSKDWDVHWR • +\SRJO\FHPLF LQVXOLQUHFHSWRUNLQDVHDQGSRWHQWLDOO\DV ORZHUVHUXPOLSLGOHYHOV Medicinal uses: • 8VHGRIWHQIRULWVsmooth muscle Pharmacology: relaxing effects.,WDFWVV\VWHPLFDOO\LQ • Volatile oilsDUHDQWLVSDVPRGLFDQWLEDFWHULDO WKLVUHJDUGDQGLVXVHIXOLQWKHWUHDWPHQW DQWLIXQJDO DQWLYLUDO RIK\SHUWHQVLRQEURQFKLDOVSDVP G\VPHQRUUKHDGLDUUKHDDQGVSDVWLF • Cinnamaldehyde LQKLELWVF\FORR[\JHQDVH FRQVWLSDWLRQ OLSR[\JHQDVHHQ]\PHVWKXVGHFUHDVLQJ LQÀDPPDWLRQ$OVRH[SUHVVHVLQVXOLQRWURSLF 162 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Cinnamomum zeylanicum/verum (Cinnamon) HIIHFWVRQEORRGJOXFRVHE\XSUHJXODWLQJ References %DNHU:HWDO(IIHFWVRI&LQQDPRQRQJOXFRVHFRQWURODQGOLSLGSDUDPHWHUV */87JHQHH[SUHVVLRQ JO\FRSURWHLQ 'LDEHWHV&DUH &KDVH&HWDO&LQQDPRQLQGLDEHWHVPHOOLWXV$P-+HDOWK6\V3KDUP PRYHPHQWIURPLQWUDFHOOXODUFRPSDUWPHQWVWR IDFLOLWDWHJOXFRVHHQWUDQFHLQWRWKHFHOOV &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW • 7DQQLQVDUHKLJKO\DVWULQJHQW 3KDP$HWDO&LQQDPRQVXSSOHPHQWDWLRQLQSDWLHQWVZLWKW\SHGLDEHWHV PHOOLWXV3KDUPDFRWKHUDS\ 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ Pharmacy: C • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSFXS7,' 7KHWZRPDMRUW\SHVRIFLQQDPRQ • 7LQFWXUH ±POGD\PO XVHGLQIRRGSUHSDUDWLRQDUH&H\ORQ ZHHNO\PD[ FLQQDPRQDQG&DVVLDFLQQDPRQ • &UXGHKHUEDVIRRG &H\ORQFLQQDPRQ Cinnamomum verum or Cinnamomum zeylanicum QDWLYH WR6UL/DQNDLVDOVRNQRZQDV³WUXH Toxicity: FLQQDPRQ´$OWKRXJKUHODWHGFLQQDPRQ • $GYHUVHHIIHFWVFDQEHQDXVHDRU DQGFDVVLDDUHQRWWKHVDPHSODQWDQG JDVWURLQWHVWLQDOEXUQLQJ7RSLFDOO\PD\FDXVH WKH\VKRXOGEHWUHDWHGDVVHSDUDWH FRQWDFWGHUPDWLWLVDQGLUULWDWLRQRIPXFRXV KHUEVERWKIURPDQXWULWLRQDODQGD PHPEUDQHV KHDOWKVWDQGSRLQW • 2YHUGRVHRIWKHYRODWLOHRLO DPRXQWV! PONJERG\ZHLJKW FDQFDXVHQDXVHD YRPLWLQJFRQYXOVLRQVSXOPRQDU\HGHPD NLGQH\ OLYHUGDPDJHDQGFRPD Contraindications: • 8VHFDXWLRQLQODUJHGRVHVZLWKFRQGLWLRQV WKDWDUHH[DFHUEDWHGE\*,VWLPXODWLRQ HJ JDVWULWLV*(5'ELOLDU\REVWUXFWLRQDFXWH FKROHOLWKLDVLV • 8VHFDXWLRQDERYHFXOLQDU\XVHVLQ SUHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ Interactions: • 7DQQLQFRQWHQWSURPRWHVJXWPRWLOLW\DQG PD\LQWHUIHUHZLWKDEVRUSWLRQRIPDQ\RWKHU PHGLFLQHVZKHQWDNHQVLPXOWDQHRXVO\ • $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHWDFWLYLW\ WKHRUHWLFDO • $QWLGLDEHWLFDJHQWV PD\GHFUHDVHEORRG VXJDU Monographs 163 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Coffea arabica (Coffee) P 6HHGNHUQDOV ;DQWKLQHDONDORLGV PHWK\O[DQWKLQHV C 3RO\SKHQROV 3RO\DPLQHV 7DQQLQV C $QDOJHVLF A %LWWHU 1HUYLQH6WLPXODQW +HDGDFKHV PLJUDLQHV %RZHOFOHDQVLQJ I (QKDQFHPHQWDO SK\VLFDO SHUIRUPDQFH F Rubiaceae Constituents: • ;DQWKLQHDONDORLGVVSHFL¿FDOO\ DQGRWKHUQRQVWHURLGDODQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ PHWK\O[DQWKLQHV &DIIHLQHWKHREURPLQH GUXJV WKHRSK\OOLQH • ,VDELWWHUVXEVWDQFHDQGLVDSRZHUIXO • 3RO\SKHQROV 3RO\DPLQHV 7ULJRQHOOLQH SURPRWHURISHULVWDOVLV &KORURJHQLFDFLG • $GGLWLRQDOO\FRIIHHZRUVHQVDQ[LHW\W\SHRI • 7DQQLQV GHSUHVVLRQ • ,VXVHGWRHQKDQFHH[HUFLVHSHUIRUPDQFH Medicinal Actions: • 6KRUWWHUPFRQVXPSWLRQRIFRIIHHFDQFDXVH GLXUHVLVJDVWURLQWHVWLQDOGLVWUHVVWUHPRUV • $QDOJHVLF LQVRPQLDDQGDQ[LHW\ • $QWLHPHWLF • 7UDGLWLRQDOXVHDVHQHPDVIRUERZHO • %LWWHU FOHDQVLQJ • 'LXUHWLF • 1HUYLQH6WLPXODQW Pharmacology: • ;DQWKLQH$ONDORLGV0HWK\O[DQWKLQHV &DIIHLQHWKHREURPLQH WKHRSK\OOLQH KDYH Medicinal uses: VWLPXODWLQJHIIHFWVRQWKH&16 KHDUWDQG • +DVDGLUHFWVWLPXODWLQJDFWLRQRQWKH PD\DFWDVYDVRGLODWRUVDQGVPRRWKPXVFOH FHQWUDOQHUYRXVV\VWHPDQGDVHFRQGDU\ UHOD[DQWV GLXUHWLFHIIHFW • &DIIHLQHFRPSHWLWLYHO\LQKLELWVWKHLQKLELWRU\ • ,WSRWHQWLDWHVWKHDQDOJHVLFHIIHFWRIDVSLULQ QHXURWUDQVPLWWHUDGHQRVLQHDQGPD\ 164 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Coffea arabica (Coffee) LQFUHDVHWKHQHXURWUDQVPLVVLRQDFHW\OFKROLQH References $GpQ80HWK\O[DQWKLQHVGXULQJSUHJQDQF\DQGHDUO\SRVWQDWDOOLIH+DQGE([S C HSLQHSKULQHGRSDPLQHDQGVHURWRQLQ 3KDUPDFRO %HDXGRLQ0HWDO0HWK\O[DQWKLQHVDQGKXPDQKHDOWK HSLGHPLRORJLFDODQG • &DIIHLQHSRWHQWLDWHVFDOFLXPUHOHDVHIURP H[SHULPHQWDOHYLGHQFH+DQGE([S3KDUPDFRO &DQR0DUTXLQD$HWDO7KHLPSDFWRIFRIIHHRQKHDOWK0DWXULWDV VNHOHWDOPXVFOHVDUFRSODVPLFUHWLFXOXP 0D\ &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ UHGXFHVSODVPDSRWDVVLXPGXULQJH[HUFLVH 2FKLDL5HWDO&RIIHHSRO\SKHQROVLPSURYHSHULSKHUDOHQGRWKHOLDOIXQFWLRQDIWHU JOXFRVHORDGLQJLQKHDOWK\PDOHDGXOWV1XWU5HV)HE DQGKDVDPXVFOHJO\FRJHQVSDULQJHIIHFW 2¶.HHIH-HWDO(IIHFWVRIKDELWXDOFRIIHHFRQVXPSWLRQRQFDUGLRPHWDEROLF GLVHDVHFDUGLRYDVFXODUKHDOWKDQGDOOFDXVHPRUWDOLW\-$P&ROO&DUGLRO 6HS C Pharmacy: • ,QIXVLRQ 7EVSFXS4'±7,' Toxicity: Coffea arabica LVDVSHFLHVRI&RIIHD • ,QSHUVRQVVHQVLWLYHWRWKHHIIHFWVRI RULJLQDOO\LQGLJHQRXVWRWKHIRUHVWVRI FDIIHLQHPD\FDXVHWUHPRUVGLXUHVLV WKHVRXWKZHVWHUQKLJKODQGVRI(WKLRSLD DUUK\WKPLDDJLWDWLRQLQVRPQLDGLDSKRUHVLV ,WLVDOVRNQRZQDVWKH³FRIIHHVKUXERI JDVWURLQWHVWLQDOGLVWUHVV XVXDOO\ORRVHVWRRO $UDELD´³PRXQWDLQFRIIHH´RU³DUDELFD DQGDQ[LHW\DWDOPRVWDQ\GRVH FRIIHH´DQGLVEHOLHYHGWREHWKH¿UVW • 'XULQJSUHJQDQF\ODUJHGRVHVPD\VWLPXODWH VSHFLHVRIFRIIHHWREHFXOWLYDWHGZKLFK FRQWUDFWLRQVDQGFDXVHPLVFDUULDJH LVZHOOGRFXPHQWHGE\WKHWKFHQWXU\ Contraindications: • $YRLGGXULQJSUHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ FRQWURYHUVLDO • 8VHFDXWLRQLQNLGQH\DQGOLYHUGLVHDVH Interactions: • 0D\LQKLELWWKHDEVRUSWLRQRILURQ • 3RWHQWLDODGGLWLYHHIIHFWZLWK V\PSDWKRPLPHWLFV Monographs 165 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) P 3HHO5LQG 3URWRDONDORLGV C )ODYRQRLGV C 9RODWLOHRLO &DUPLQDWLYH A 7KHUPRJHQLFDJHQW '\VSHSVLD QDXVHDJDV EORDWLQJ I :HLJKWPDQDJHPHQW F Rutaceae Constituents: • )ODYRQRLGV KHVSHULGLQ LVRKHVSHULGLQ LQIXVLRQV • 3URWRDONDORLGV SV\QHSKULQH • +LVWRULFDOXVHWRDLGLQGLJHVWLRQÀDWXOHQFH RFWRSDPLQH DQGDEGRPLQDOEORDWLQJ • %LWWHUSULQFLSOH DXUDQWLDPDULQ • ,VXVHGLQZHLJKWPDQDJHPHQWSURGXFWVGXH WRSXUSRUWHGHIIHFWVRQPHWDEROLFSURFHVVHV • 0XFLODJH LQFOXGLQJDQLQFUHDVHLQEDVDOPHWDEROLF • 9RODWLOHRLO OLPRQHQH UDWHDQGOLSRO\VLVDVZHOODVPLOGDSSHWLWH VXSSUHVVLRQ • +DVEHHQVKRZQWRLQFUHDVHUHVWLQJ Medicinal Actions: PHWDEROLFUDWHDQGHQHUJ\H[SHQGLWXUHDQG • $QWLIXQJDO PRGHVWLQFUHDVHVLQZHLJKWORVVKDYHEHHQ • &DUPLQDWLYH REVHUYHGZLWKORQJWHUPXVH • %LWWHUWRQLF • 6WLPXODQW 7KHUPRJHQLFDJHQW Pharmacology: • Protoalkaloid (p-synephrine) LQFUHDVH PHWDEROLVPDQGHQHUJ\H[SHQGLWXUHGXH Medicinal uses: WRDSDXFLW\RIELQGLQJWRĮȕDQGȕ • ,VDURPDWLFDQGVOLJKWO\WRQLFDQGRIWHQ DGUHQHUJLFUHFHSWRUVZKLOHH[KLELWLQJPRGHVW XVHGWRHQKDQFHWKHWDVWHRIGLVDJUHHDEOH ELQGLQJWRȕDGUHQHUJLFUHFHSWRUV+RZHYHU PHGLFLQHVRUWROHVVHQWKHLUWHQGHQF\ WKHVWUXFWXUDO VWHUHRFKHPLFDOGLIIHUHQFHV WRQDXVHDDQGIRUWKHVHSXUSRVHVLWLV EHWZHHQSV\QHSKULQHUHODWLYHWRRWKHU IUHTXHQWO\DGGHGWRELWWHUWLQFWXUHV ELRJHQLFDPLQHVVXFKDVHSLQHSKULQHQRU 166 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) HSLQHSKULQHHSKHGULQHDQGPV\QHSKULQH ZDUIDULQ UHVXOWLQPDUNHGO\GLIIHUHQWDGUHQHUJLF • 0D\LQKLELWHIIHFWVRIDQWLDGUHQHUJLFDJHQWV UHFHSWRUELQGLQJDQGSKDUPDFRNLQHWLF DQWLDUUK\WKPLFVDQGDQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHV FKDUDFWHULVWLFVDQGDVDFRQVHTXHQFH PDUNHGO\GLIIHUHQWSKDUPDFRORJLFDO • 0D\LQFUHDVHOHYHOVRIIHORGLSLQH LQGLQDYLU SURSHUWLHV2QHFDQQRWH[WUDSRODWHWKH SURSHUWLHVRIRWKHUELRJHQLFDPLQHVWR References SV\QHSKULQHEDVHGRQVRPHVWUXFWXUDO %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HUEDO$GMXQFWV VLPLODULWLHV ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV C 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ %HQW6HWDO6DIHW\DQGHI¿FDF\RI&LWUXVDXUDQWLXPIRUZHLJKWORVV$P- &DUGLRO %OXPHQWKDO0*ROGEHUJ$%ULQFNPDQQ-HGLWRUV+HUEDO0HGLFLQH Pharmacy: ([SDQGHG&RPPLVVLRQ(0RQRJUDSKV$XVWLQ7; $PHULFDQ%RWDQLFDO&RXQFLO %RVWRQ ,QWHJUDWLYH0HGLFLQH&RPPXQLFDWLRQV • ,QIXVLRQ WVSGULHGSHHOLQFXSZDWHU%,' )HWURZ&$YLOD-3URIHVVLRQDO¶V+DQGERRNRI&RPSOHPHQWDU\DQG$OWHUQDWLYH 0HGLFLQHVUGHG3KLODGHOSKLD3$ /LSSLQFRWW:LOOLDPVDQG:LONLQV 6WRKV6HWDO$UHYLHZRIWKHKXPDQFOLQLFDOVWXGLHVLQYROYLQJ&LWUXVDXUDQWLXP ELWWHURUDQJH H[WUDFWDQGLWVSULPDU\SURWRDONDORLGVSV\QHSKULQH,QW-0HG 6FL Toxicity: • /DUJHTXDQWLWLHVPD\FDXVH*,7XSVHW • $GYHUVHFDUGLRYDVFXODUHIIHFWVGXHWR DONDORLGVKDYHEHHQUHSRUWHGKRZHYHU LQFRQVLVWHQWO\5HFHQWUHVHDUFKGHPRQVWUDWHG WKDWWKHQH[WUDFWDORQH SV\QHSKULQH GLG QRWSURGXFHVLJQL¿FDQWDGYHUVHHYHQWVDV DQLQFUHDVHLQKHDUWUDWHRUEORRGSUHVVXUH RUDOWHUHOHFWURFDUGLRJUDSKLFGDWDVHUXP FKHPLVWU\EORRGFHOOFRXQWVRUXULQDO\VLV Contraindications: • 8VHFDXWLRQLQKLVWRU\RI&$'+71 DUUK\WKPLDPLJUDLQHVQDUURZDQJOH JODXFRPDSKRWRVHQVLWLYLW\VHL]XUHYDVFXODU GLVHDVHVWRPDFKRULQWHVWLQDOXOFHUV • $YRLGLQSUHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ HIIHFWV XQNQRZQ Interactions: • :LWK&<3$VXEVWUDWHVPD\LQFUHDVH HIIHFWVWKURXJKHQWHURF\WHFRQFHQWUDWLRQV • $YRLGXVHZLWK0$2,VSKRWRVHQVLWL]LQJ DJHQWVDQGLQK\SHUWK\URLGLVP WKHRUHWLFDO • 0D\LQFUHDVHDGYHUVHHIIHFWVRIDGUHQHUJLFV GHFRQJHVWDQWV HJ'H[WURPHWKRUSKDQ DQG Monographs 167 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Coleus forskolii (Coleus) P 5RRW /DEGDQH'LWHUSHQRLGV )RUVNROLQ C 9RODWLOH2LO C 7KHUPRJHQLFDJHQW A 7K\URLGVWLPXODQW %URQFKRGLODWRU +\SRWK\URLGLVP I $VWKPD :HLJKWPDQDJHPHQW F Lamiaceae Constituents: • /DEGDQH'LWHUSHQRLGV IRUVNROLQFROHDQRO • $VDEURQFKRGLODWRUZLOOrelieve symptoms of asthma DQGRWKHUFRQGLWLRQV • 9RODWLOHRLOV FKDUDFWHUL]HGE\GHFUHDVHGOHYHOVRI F$03 HJDOOHUJLHVHF]HPDSVRULDVLV JODXFRPD Medicinal Actions: • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • ,Qhypothyroidism ZLOOVWLPXODWHWK\URLG KRUPRQHUHOHDVHDQGLQFUHDVHWK\URLG • $QWLSODWHOHW KRUPRQHSURGXFWLRQ • +\SRWHQVLYH • 0D\KDYHXVHLQSUHYHQWLRQRIFDQFHU • %URQFKRGLODWRU PHWDVWDVHVDQGWXPRUFRORQL]DWLRQ • 7KHUPRJHQLFDJHQW OLSRO\VLVVWLPXODWRU • ,QZHLJKWORVVKDVGHPRQVWUDWHGLQFUHDVHG WK\URLGKRUPRQHUHOHDVHVWLPXODWRU OLSRO\VLVLQIDWFHOOV Medicinal uses: Pharmacology: • ,QFDUGLRYDVFXODUFRQGLWLRQVVXFKDV • Diterpenoid (Forskolin)LVUHVSRQVLEOHIRU hypertension and anginaZLOOORZHUEORRG YLUWXDOO\DOOSKDUPDFRORJLFDODFWLYLWLHV,W¶V SUHVVXUHLQKLELWSODWHOHWDJJUHJDWLRQDQG SULPDU\PRGHRIDFWLRQLVWRLQFUHDVHF\FOLF LQFUHDVHYDVRGLODWLRQZLWKRXWLQFUHDVLQJ DGHQRVLQHPRQRSKRVSKDWH F$03 DQG P\RFDUGLDOR[\JHQFRQVXPSWLRQJLYLQJ F$03PHGLDWHGIXQFWLRQVYLDDFWLYDWLRQRI LWXVHLQFDVHVRIFHUHEUDOYDVFXODU WKHHQ]\PHDGHQ\ODWHF\FODVH3RWHQWLDWLRQ LQVXI¿FLHQF\DQGSRVWVWURNH RIF$03LQWXUQLQKLELWVEDVRSKLODQGPDVW FHOOGHJUDQXODWLRQDQGKLVWDPLQHUHOHDVH 168 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Coleus forskolii (Coleus) ORZHUVEORRGSUHVVXUHDQGLQWUDRFXODU Interactions: SUHVVXUHKDVDSRVLWLYHLQRWURSLFDFWLRQRQ • 7KHRUHWLFDOSRWHQWLDWLQJHIIHFWVZLWK FDUGLDFWLVVXHLQKLELWVSODWHOHWDJJUHJDWLRQ DQWLFRDJXODQWDQGDQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHDJHQWV SURPRWHVYDVRGLODWLRQEURQFKRGLODWLRQDQG WK\URLGKRUPRQHVHFUHWLRQDQGVWLPXODWHV OLSRO\VLVLQIDWFHOOV References $050RQRJUDSK&ROHXVIRUVNRKOLL$OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH5HYLHZX9ROXPH • )RUVNROLQDQWDJRQL]HVWKHDFWLRQRISODWHOHW 1XPEHU 'XEH\0HWDO3KDUPDFRORJLFDOVWXGLHVRQFROHRQRODK\SRWHQVLYHGLWHUSHQH DFWLYDWLQJIDFWRU 3$) E\LQWHUIHULQJZLWK IURP&ROHXVIRUVNRKOLL-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO C /LFKH\,HWDO(IIHFWRIIRUVNROLQRQPHWKDFKROLQHLQGXFHGEURQFKRFRQVWULFWLRQ 3$)ELQGLQJWRUHFHSWRUVLWHVSOD\LQJD LQH[WULQVLFDVWKPDWLFV/DQFHW 0HW]JHU+ /LQGQHU(7KHSRVLWLYHLQRWURSLFDFWLQJIRUVNROLQDSRWHQW FHQWUDOUROHLQPDQ\LQÀ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ÀRZ PHPEUDQHVDQGLQWDFWFHOOV3URF1DWO$FDG6FL86$ • )RUVNROLQDOVRDSSHDUVWRKDYHDQHIIHFWRQ VHYHUDOPHPEUDQHWUDQVSRUWSURWHLQVDQG LQKLELWVJOXFRVHWUDQVSRUWLQHU\WKURF\WHV DGLSRF\WHVSODWHOHWVDQGRWKHUFHOOV Pharmacy: • &DSVXOHV PJ%,' VWDQGDUGL]HGWR IRUVNROLQ • 1RWH &UXGHH[WUDFWVPD\QRWEHVXI¿FLHQWWR LOOLFLWSKDUPDFRORJLFDOHIIHFWV Toxicity: • 2YHUDOOYHU\VDIH0D\FDXVH*,7XSVHW Contraindications: • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKDFWLYHSHSWLFXOFHU K\SRWHQVLRQEOHHGLQJGLVRUGHUVDQGLQ SUHJQDQF\ODFWDWLRQ Monographs 169 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Commiphora molmol/myrrha (Myrrh) P %DUN5HVLQ 9RODWLOHRLO C 2OHR5HVLQV FRPPLSKRULFDFLGV 7DQQLQV C $QWLPLFURELDO DQWLIXQJDO A $VWULQJHQW $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ ,QÀDPPDWLRQ LQIHFWLRQRIPXFRXV PHPEUDQHV HJVLQXVLWLVJLQJLYLWLV I SKDU\QJLWLV YDJLQLWLV +\SRWK\URLGLVP F Burceraceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 9RODWLOHRLO KHHUDEROHQHHXJHQRO • 3ULPDULO\XVHGDVDJDUJOHVWHDPLQKDODWLRQ FXPLQDOGHK\GH IXUDQRVHVTXLWHUSHQHV GRXFKHVLQFDVHVRILQÁDPPDWLRQ • 2OHR5HVLQV FRPPLSKRULFDFLGV infection VXFKDVSKDU\QJLWLVODU\QJLWLV FRPPLIHULQ VLQXVLWLVWRQVLOOLWLVJLQJLYLWLVOHXNRSODNLD YDJLQLWLVWRRWKDFKHPRXWKXOFHUV EOHHGLQJ • 3K\WRVWHUROV JXPV • 7DQQLQV • 'LUHFWDQWLPLFURELDODFWLRQLVXVHIXOWRSLFDOO\ IRUZRXQGVZDUWV DEUDVLRQV Medicinal Actions: • $VWULQJHQWDFWLRQWHQGVWRKDYHD • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ normalizing effect (toning & tightening) on mucosal secretionsE\WKLQQLQJFRSLRXV • $QWLPLFURELDO DQWLIXQJDO DQGWKXVFRQWULEXWLQJWRH[SHFWRUDWLRQDQG • $QDOJHVLF DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLYLW\ • $QWLR[LGDQW • +DVDstimulating effect on the thyroid gland DQGPD\EHLQGLFDWHGLQVHFRQGDU\ • $VWULQJHQW K\SRWK\URLGLVP • &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF • 6WXGLHVFRQWLQXHRQWKHSRWHQWLDODQWLFDQFHU • (PPHQDJRJXH DQGDQDOJHVLFDFWLRQVRIP\UUKUHVLQ • ([SHFWRUDQW 170 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Commiphora molmol/myrrha (Myrrh) Pharmacology: Interactions: • ResinsSURGXFHDFWLRQVH[HUWHGORFDOO\ • 0D\LQWHUIHUHZLWKDEVRUSWLRQRIPDQ\ RQWKHWLVVXHVZLWKZKLFKWKH\FRPHLQWR OLSRSKLOLFGUXJV FRQWDFW:LOOH[HUWDUHÀH[DFWLRQIURPWKHJXW WRLQFUHDVHVHFUHWLRQVLQWKHUHVSLUDWRU\WUDFW WKXVWKLQQLQJWKLFNPXFRXVDQGHQFRXUDJLQJ References &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ H[SHFWRUDWLRQ 3RVW 6KHQ7HWDO7KHJHQXV&RPPLSKRUD DUHYLHZRILWVWUDGLWLRQDOXVHVSK\WR FKHPLVWU\DQGSKDUPDFRORJ\-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO-XO C • 92 UHVLQVWLPXODWHVWKHSURGXFWLRQRIZKLWH 6X6HWDO(YDOXDWLRQRIWKHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQGDQDOJHVLFSURSHUWLHVRI LQGLYLGXDODQGFRPELQHGH[WUDFWVIURP&RPPLSKRUDP\UUKDDQG%RVZHOOLD EORRGFHOOV PDFURSKDJHVDQGKDVEHHQ FDUWHULL-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO-DQ VKRZQNLOOYDULRXVPLFUREHVSURGXFLQJGLUHFW 7LSWRQ'HWDO,QYLWURF\WRWR[LFDQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWVRIP\UUK RLORQKXPDQJLQJLYDO¿EUREODVWVDQGHSLWKHOLDOFHOOV7R[LFRO,Q9LWUR DQWLPLFURELDOHIIHFWV -XQ :DQJ;HWDO6HVTXLWHUSHQRLGVIURPP\UUKLQKLELWDQGURJHQUHFHSWRUH[SUHV VLRQDQGIXQFWLRQLQKXPDQSURVWDWHFDQFHUFHOOV • VO PD\ELQGWR76+UHFHSWRUVRQWKHWK\URLG $FWD3KDUPDFRO6LQ0DU H[HUWLQJDVWLPXODWLQJHIIHFW ;X-HWDO1HXURSURWHFWLYHFDGLQDQHVHVTXLWHUSHQHVIURPWKHUHVLQRXV H[XGDWHVRI&RPPLSKRUDP\UUKD)LWRWHUDSLD'HF Pharmacy: • 3RZGHULQFUHDPRUVSULQNOHGGLUHFWO\RQ DUHDRUDGGHGWRZDWHUWRPDNHDQLQIXVLRQ • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ PD[ • )RUDJDUJOH XVHSDUWWLQFWXUH SDUWV ZDWHU • )RUDGRXFKH XVHSDUWWLQFWXUH SDUWV ZDWHU Toxicity: • ,QODUJHGRVHVPD\FDXVHWDFK\FDUGLD JDVWULFEXUQLQJGLDSKRUHVLVYRPLWLQJDQG FDWKDUVLV Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\DQGH[FHVVLYHXWHULQHEOHHGLQJ GXHWRHPPHQDJRJXHDQGDERUWLIDFLHQW HIIHFWV Monographs 171 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Convallaria majalis (Lily of the Valley) P Aerial &DUGLDFJO\FRVLGHV FRQYDOODWR[LQ C 6DSRQLQV )ODYRQRLGV C &DUGLRDFWLYHWRQLF 6WLPXODQW A $QWLDUUK\WKPLF 'LXUHWLF &DUGLDFLUUHJXODULWLHV DUUK\WKPLD I &RQJHVWLYHKHDUWIDLOXUHZLWKHGHPD F Liliaceae Constituents: • &DUGLRDFWLYHJO\FRVLGHV FRQYDOORWR[LQ Medicinal uses: FRQYDOORWR[ROFRQYDOORVLGH • :LOOLQFUHDVHP\RFDUGLDOHI¿FLHQF\ VWURNH FRQYDOORWR[RORVLGHFRQYDOODULQ YROXPHZLWKRXWSXWWLQJH[WUDGHPDQGVRQ FRQYDOODPDULQ JOXFRFRQYDOORVLGH FRURQDU\R[\JHQVXSSO\WKXVLQFUHDVLQJWKH • 6DSRQLQV LQFOXGLQJFRQYDOODULQ HI¿FLHQF\RIWKHKHDUWPXVFOHLWVHOI FRQYDOODULFDFLG • ,VLQGLFDWHGLQPLOGWRPRGHUDWHGHJUHHV • $VSDUDJLQH RIKHDUWIDLOXUHDQGLVVSHFLÀFIRUFDUGLDF irregularities due to mechanical • )ODYRQRLGV impediments LHDKHDUWWKDWLVZHDNHQHG • 9RODWLOHRLOV IDUQHVRO VHFRQGDU\WRSRRUYDOYXODUIXQFWLRQ VXFKDV FRQJHVWLYHKHDUWIDLOXUHZLWKHGHPD Medicinal Actions: • ,VDOVRLQGLFDWHGLQEUDG\FDUGLFDQGRU • $QWLDUUK\WKPLF DUUK\WKPLFIRUPVRIKHDUWIDLOXUHVXFKDV • $QWLVSDVPRGLF PLWUDOVWHQRVLV UHJXUJLWDWLRQ • 'LXUHWLF • ,VFRQVLGHUHGDZHDNHU DQGVDIHU FDUGLRDFWLYHSODQWWKDQ'LJLWDOLVVS • &DUGLRDFWLYHWRQLF VWLPXODQW SRVLWLYH LQRWURSLFDQGQHJDWLYHFKURQRWURSLF • +\SHUWHQVLYH 172 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Convallaria majalis (Lily of the Valley) Pharmacology: Toxicity: • Cardiac glycosides FRQYDOODPDULQ • 6LJQVRIWR[LFLW\LQFOXGHQDXVHD FRQYDOODULQ KDYHVWURQJHUFDUGLDFHIIHFWV YRPLWLQJFDWKDUVLVFDUGLDFDUUK\WKPLDV WKDQ'LJLWDOLVEXWDVKRUWHUKDOIOLIHDQG K\SHUWHQVLRQUHVWOHVVQHVVWUHPEOLQJ DJO\FRQHVKDYHDVORZHUDEVRUSWLRQUDWH PHQWDOFRQIXVLRQH[WUHPHZHDNQHVV WKXVDYRLGLQJWR[LFEXLOGXS7KHVHJO\FRVLGHV GHSUHVVLRQFROODSVHRIFLUFXODWLRQDQG LQKLELWWKHVRGLXPSRWDVVLXPFHOOXODUSXPS GHDWK OHDGLQJWRDULVHLQLQWUDFHOOXODUFDOFLXP • 1RWH )RUSUDFWLWLRQHUXVHRQO\0RQLWRU%3 C ZKLFKLQFUHDVHVWKHFRQWUDFWLOHIRUFHDQG HGHPD VSHHGRIWKHKHDUWPXVFOH SRVLWLYHLQRWURS\ 7KLVDFWLRQWUDQVODWHVLQWRLQFUHDVHVFDUGLDF • 5HGIUXLWVDUHKLJKO\SRLVRQRXV RXWSXWDQGRWKHUHIIHFWV • )ODYRQRLGVVWLPXODWHYDVRGLODWLRQRIFRURQDU\ Contraindications: YHVVHOVEXWKDYHDK\SHUWHQVLYHHIIHFW V\VWHPLFDOO\ • 8VHFDXWLRQLQK\SHUWHQVLRQ • $VSDUDJLQHLVGLXUHWLFDQGKHOSVGUDLQÀXLGV IURPHGHPDWRXVWLVVXH Interactions: • 1RWH &DUGLRDFWLYHJO\FRVLGHVDUHUHOHDVHG • 8VHDORQJVLGHDQWKUDTXLQRQHV WKURXJK VHTXHQWLDOO\LQWKHERG\UHVXOWLQJLQD WKHLUOD[DWLYHHIIHFWV FDQGHSOHWHSRWDVVLXP OHQJWKHQLQJRIWKHFDUGLDFUHVSRQVHDQG OHYHOVZKLFKZLOOSRWHQWLDWHWKHHIIHFWRI WKHDYRLGDQFHRIDQDEUXSWDQGXQGHVLUDEOH FDUGLRDFWLYHJO\FRVLGHV7KLVSRWHQWLDWLRQ SHDNLQSODVPDFRQFHQWUDWLRQ&HUWDLQQRQ PD\UHVXOWLQFDUGLDFDUUK\WKPLDV FDUGLRDFWLYHJO\FRVLGHVDOVRSUHVHQWLQFUHDVH DOPRVWWLPHVWKHZDWHUVROXELOLW\RI FRQYDOODWR[LQDQGFRQYDOODWR[ROZKLOHRWKHU References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¶V1HZ&\FORSDHGLDRI%RWDQLFDO'UXJVDQG3UHSDUDWLRQV Pharmacy: • 'ULHGOHDI PJ7,' • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXS'ULHGOHDYHV PJ 7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,' GURSV • 1RWH 6KRUWWHUPXVHEHVW ZHHNV /RZHU GRVHVDUHWRQLFPRGHUDWHGRVHVGHFUHDVH KHDUWUDWHODUJHUGRVHVLQFUHDVHKHDUWUDWH Monographs 173 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Crataegus oxycantha (Hawthorne) P /HDI %HUULHV 2OLJRPHULFSURDQWKRF\DQDGLQV C 3KHQROLFDFLGV 7ULWHUSHQHVDSRQLQV C $GDSWRJHQ A $QWLR[LGDQW &DUGLDFWRQLF WURSKRUHVWRUDWLYH &DUGLDFLQVXI¿FLHQF\ HJSRVW0, DUUK\WKPLDV I $WKHURVOFHURVLV $QJLQD +\SHUWHQVLRQ F Rosaceae Constituents: • 2OLJRPHULFSURDQWKRF\DQDGLQV 23&V Medicinal uses: $QWKRF\DQLGLQV • 7KH%HUU\LVFRQVLGHUHGRQHRIWKHbest • )ODYRQRLGV NDHPSIHUROTXHUFHWLQ tonic remedies for cardiovascular system DSLJHQLQOXWHROLQ UXWLQ DQGZLOODFWLQDQRUPDOL]LQJZD\E\HLWKHU • $PLQHV SKHQ\OHWK\ODPLQHW\UDPLQH VWLPXODWLQJRUGHSUHVVLQJFDUGLDFDFWLYLW\ FKROLQH EDVHGXSRQWKHQHHG • 3KHQROLFFDUER[\OLF WULWHUSHQHDFLGV • :LOOUHGXFHP\RFDUGLDOR[\JHQGHPDQG DVFRUELFFUDWHJROLFDFLG XUVROLFDFLG E\LQFUHDVLQJFRURQDU\EORRGÀRZWKHUHE\ • 7ULWHUSHQHVDSRQLQV SURWHFWLQJDJDLQVWP\RFDUGLDOGDPDJH • 7DQQLQV • $VDORQJWHUPWUHDWPHQWPD\EHXVHG VDIHO\LQKHDUWIDLOXUH FDUGLDFLQVXI¿FLHQF\ Medicinal Actions: FRURQDU\DUWHU\GLVHDVHSDOSLWDWLRQV • $GDSWRJHQ VSHFL¿FWRFLUFXODWRU\V\VWHP DUUK\WKPLDVK\SHUWHQVLRQDWKHURVFOHURVLV K\SHUFKROHVWHUROHPLDDQJLQDDQGZHDNQHVV • $QWLDUUK\WKPLF RIWKHP\RFDUGLXPDIWHULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHRU • $QWLR[LGDQW LVFKHPLD • &DUGLDFWRQLF WURSKRUHVWRUDWLYH • /HDYHV %HUULHVZLOOSOD\DUROHLQDQ\ WUHDWPHQWRI • &RURQDU\ SHULSKHUDOYDVRGLODWRU vessel or connective tissue problemsLQFOXGLQJYDULFRVHYHLQVXOFHUV • 'LXUHWLF DQGRVWHRSRURVLV • +\SRWHQVLYH 174 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Crataegus oxycantha (Hawthorne) • 3RWHQWLDOIRU*,7XSVHWDQG&16 GLVWXUEDQFH Pharmacology: • Oligomeric procyanidins DUHDQWLR[LGDQW Contraindications: LPSURYHFRURQDU\FLUFXODWLRQDQGKDYH • 8VHFDXWLRQLQVHYHUHK\SRWHQVLRQ QHJDWLYHFKURQRWURSLF SRVLWLYHLQRWURSLF DFWLRQRQWKHKHDUW Interactions: • 7KHUHVXOWLQJFRURQDU\YDVRGLODWLRQSURPRWHV C GHFUHDVHGYDVFXODUUHVLVWDQFHK\SRWHQVLRQ • 0D\KHOSUHGXFHWR[LFLW\RIFDUGLDF LQFUHDVHGQXWULWLRQ HQHUJ\VWRUHVWR JO\FRVLGHVK\SHUWHQVLYHPHGLFDWLRQVDQG P\RFDUGLDOFHOOV &16GHSUHVVDQWV • ,QKLELWLRQRISKRVSKRGLHVWHUDVH 3'( • 0D\LQKLELWHIIHFWVRIYDVRFRQVWULFWRUV HJ FDXVHVLQFUHDVHGOHYHOVRIF$03LQ $OSKDEORFNHUV DQGGHFUHDVH%3ZLWK P\RFDUGLDOFHOOVWKXVSURORQJLQJWKHHIIHFWLYH QLWUDWHV 3'(LQKLELWRUV HJ6LOGHQD¿O UHIUDFWRU\SHULRGRIWKHKHDUWPXVFOH$OVR LQKLELWVDQJLRWHQVLQFRQYHUWLQJHQ]\PH References UHOD[DQGGLODWHDUWHULHVDQG $050RQRJUDSK&UDWDJHXVR[\FDQWKD$OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH5HYLHZ9RO • Flavonoids DUHKLJKO\DQWLR[LGDQW5XWLQVSHFL¿FDOO\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW LPSURYHVLQWHJULW\RIEORRGYHVVHOVDQG 'DQLHOH&HWDO$GYHUVHHYHQWSUR¿OHRI&UDWDJHXVVSS'UXJ6DI FDSLOODULHV (GZDUGV-HWDO$UHYLHZRIWKHFKHPLVWU\RIWKHJHQXV&UDWDHJXV3K\WR FKHPLVWU\-XO ZRUN *XR5HWDO+DZWKRUQHH[WUDFWIRUWUHDWLQJFKURQLFKHDUWIDLOXUH 5HYLHZ • Anthocyanidins and Vitamin C &RFKUDQH'DWDEDVH6\VW5HY &' V\QHUJLVWLFDOO\WRKHOSVWDELOL]HFRQQHFWLYH 5LJHOVN\-HWDO+DZWKRUQ SKDUPDFRORJ\DQGWKHUDSHXWLFXVHV$P-+HDOWK 6\VW3KDUP WLVVXHV FROODJHQLQFDUWLODJHDQGERQHE\ 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ VWUHQJWKHQLQJFURVVOLQNVEHWZHHQFROODJHQ =KDQJ=HWDO&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRIDQWLR[LGDQWVSUHVHQWLQKDZWKRUQIUXLWV- FKDLQV 1XWU%LRFKHP0DU Pharmacy: • 'ULHGIUHVKOHDIÀRZHURUEHUU\ ±J GU\ [LIIUHVK LQIXVLRQRUGHFRFWLRQ7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'0D[PO ZHHN • 6WDQGDUGL]HGH[WUDFWFRQWDLQLQJ23&V PJ4' • 1RWH 7KHUHLVQRUHVWULFWLRQRQWKHORQJWHUP XVH6KRXOGEHXVHGDWOHDVWPRQWKVIRU WUHDWPHQWRIKHDUWFRQGLWLRQV Toxicity: • 1RDGYHUVHHIIHFWVH[SHFWHGZLWKLQ UHFRPPHQGHGGRVHV Monographs 175 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Curcuma longa (Turmeric) P 5KL]RPH 9RODWLOHRLO ]LQJLEHUHQH WXPHURQH C &XUFXPLQRLGV &XUFXPLQ 5HVLQV C $QWLFDQFHU $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A +HSDWRSURWHFWLYH +HSDWLF &KROHUHWLF 5KHXPDWLFGLVRUGHUV DUWKULWLV I ,QÀDPPDWRU\ERZHOGLVHDVH +HSDWRELOLDU\LQIVXI¿FLHQF\ F Zingiberaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 9RODWLOHRLO 6HVTXLWHUSHQHV±]LQJLEHUHQH WXPHURQH • 8VHGLQWHUQDOO\IRUhepato-biliary & digestive complaints, DVLWZLOOSURPRWH • )ODYRQRLGV&XUFXPLQRLGV &XUFXPLQ OLYHUIXQFWLRQELOHÀRZ SURGXFWLRQDQG • 5HVLQV SURWHFWWKHOLYHUDJDLQVWWR[LFH[SRVXUH $VDGLJHVWLYHDLGZLOOUHOLHYHÀDWXOHQFH • 1XWULHQWV &+2SURWHLQV DQGSURWHFWWKHVWRPDFKPXFRVDDJDLQVW XOFHUDWLRQRIVWRPDFK Medicinal Actions: • $VDQDQWLLQÁDPPDWRU\DJHQWFDQEH • $OWHUDWLYH XVHIXOIRUDUWKULWLFFRQGLWLRQV 5$ 2$ WHQGRQLWLVEXUVLWLVEUXLVHVVSUDLQV SDLQ • $QWLFDQFHU DQGLQÀDPHGMRLQWVLQJHQHUDO • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • 2IXVHLQJDVWURLQWHVWLQDOFRQGLWLRQVVXFKDV • $QWLR[LGDQW LQÀDPPDWRU\ERZHOGLVHDVHG\VSHSVLD JDVWULFXOFHUVXOFHUDWLYHFROLWLV • $QWLPLFURELDO • +DV protective effects on the • &DUPLQDWLYH cardiovascular system LQFOXGHORZHULQJ • &LUFXODWRU\VWLPXODQW HOHYDWHGFKROHVWHURODQGWULJO\FHULGH • +HSDWLF &KROHUHWLF OHYHOVGHFUHDVLQJVXVFHSWLELOLW\RI/'/WR OLSLGSHUR[LGDWLRQDQGLQKLELWLQJSODWHOHW • +\SROLSLGHPLF DJJUHJDWLRQ • /LYHUWURSKRUHVWRUDWLYH KHSDWRSURWHFWLYH • $VDF\WRWR[LFDJHQWPD\EHXVHGWRSUHYHQW • DQGWUHDWYDULRXVFDQFHUV 176 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Pharmacology: EURPHODLQIRULQFUHDVHGDEVRUSWLRQDQG HQKDQFHGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWV • VO (zingiberene & tumerone)DUHKLJKO\ DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ Toxicity: • Curcumin FRQVLGHUHGWREHWKHPRVWDFWLYH • 7KHUHKDYHEHHQQRUHSRUWVRIWR[LFLW\ FRQVWLWXHQW LVSULPDULO\OLSRSKLOLFKRZHYHU DWVWDQGDUGGRVDJHOHYHOV3RVVLEOH ZDWHUVROXEOHH[WUDFWVDOVRGHPRQVWUDWH VHQVLWL]DWLRQSUREOHPVH[LVWIRUKLJK VLJQL¿FDQWDQWLR[LGDQW DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ FRQFHQWUDWLRQWXPHURQH VNLQUDVK DFWLYLW\ SKRWRVHQVLWLYLW\ C • &XUFXPLQPRGXODWHVWKHLQÀDPPDWRU\ Contraindications: &DXWLRQZLWKELOLDU\RE UHVSRQVHE\GRZQUHJXODWLQJWKHDFWLYLW\RI VWUXFWLRQJDOOVWRQHVRUVWRPDFKK\SHUDFLGLW\ &2;OLSR[\JHQDVHDQGLQGXFLEOHQLWULF VWRPDFKXOFHU R[LGHV\QWKDVHHQ]\PHV:LOODOVRLQKLELW Interactions: WKHSURGXFWLRQRIWKHLQÀDPPDWRU\F\WRNLQHV 71)DQGLQWHUOHXNLQV • 6RPHHYLGHQFHWKDWFXUFXPLQPD\ LQKLELWRUHQKDQFHWKHDFWLYLW\RIFHUWDLQ • $GPLQLVWHUHGRUDOO\FXUFXPLQ,QKLELWVSODWHOHW FKHPRWKHUDSHXWLFGUXJV DJJUHJDWLRQE\LQKLELWLQJWKHIRUPDWLRQRI WKURPER[DQHV LQFUHDVLQJSURVWDF\FOLQ • $GGLWLYHHIIHFWVZLWK16$,'V DQWLFRDJXODQWV WKHRUHWLFDO DQG • (IIHFWVRQFKROHVWHUROOHYHOVPD\EH SRVVLEOHDQWDJRQLVWLFHIIHFWVZLWK GXHWRGHFUHDVHGFKROHVWHUROXSWDNHLQ LPPXQRVXSSUHVVDQWV WKHLQWHVWLQHVLQFUHDVHGFRQYHUVLRQRI FKROHVWHUROWRELOHDFLGVLQWKHOLYHUDQG References $KPDG0HWDO3URWHFWLYHHIIHFWRIFUXGH&XUFXPDORQJDDQGLWVPHWKDQROLF LQFUHDVHGELOHDFLGVHFUHWLRQ H[WUDFWLQDOOR[DQL]HGUDEELWV3DN-3KDUP6FL-DQ $050RQRJUDSK&XUFXPDORQJD$OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH5HYLHZ9ROXPH • +HSDWRSURWHFWLYHHIIHFWVDUHPDLQO\DUHVXOW &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ RISRWHQWDQWLR[LGDQWSURSHUWLHV 3RVW )XQN-7XUPHULFH[WUDFWVFRQWDLQLQJFXUFXPLQRLGVSUHYHQWH[SHULPHQWDO • $QWLFDUFLQRJHQLFHIIHFWVDUHGXHLQSDUW UKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV-1DW3URG0DU 3DQDKL<HWDO7KHUDS\ZLWKELRDYDLODELOLW\ERRVWHGFXUFXPLQRLGVVXSSUHVVHV WRGLUHFWDQWLR[LGDQWDQGIUHHUDGLFDO V\VWHPLFLQÀDPPDWLRQDQGLPSURYHVTXDOLW\RIOLIHLQSDWLHQWVZLWKVROLGWXPRUV DUDQGRPL]HGGRXEOHEOLQGSODFHERFRQWUROOHGWULDO3K\WRWKHU5HV VFDYHQJLQJEXWZLOODOVRHQKDQFHWKHERG\¶V 2FW QDWXUDODQWLR[LGDQWV\VWHPLQFUHDVLQJ ;X3HWDO&XUFXPLQSURWHFWVUDWKHDUWPLWRFKRQGULDDJDLQVWDQR[LDUHR[\JHQ DWLRQLQGXFHGR[LGDWLYHLQMXU\&DQ-3K\VLRO3KDUPDFRO6HS JOXWDWKLRQHOHYHOVWKHUHE\DLGLQJLQKHSDWLF GHWR[L¿FDWLRQRIPXWDJHQVDQGFDUFLQRJHQV DQGLQKLELWLQJQLWURVDPLQHIRUPDWLRQ Pharmacy: • 'ULHGWXUPHULFURRW ±J4' • 7LQFWXUH PO4'PO ZHHNO\PD[ • &XUFXPLQ PJ7,' IRUDFXWH LQÀDPPDWLRQ PJ7,' HTXLYDOHQWWR JRIWXUPHULF • 3RXOWLFH DSSO\DVQHHGHG QRWH \HOORZKXH ZLOOVWDLQ • 1RWH &XUFXPLQLVRIWHQIRUPXODWHGZLWK Monographs 177 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Cynara scolymus (Artichoke) P :KROHSODQW OHDYHV &DIIHLFDFLGGHULYDWLYHV C 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV )ODYRQRLGV C +HSDWLF &KRODJRJXH &KROHUHWLF A +HSDWRWURSKRUHVWRUDWLYH +\SROLSLGHPLF +HSDWRELOLDU\LQVXI¿FLHQF\ I '\VOLSLGHPLD '\VSHSVLD F Asteraceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • &DIIHLFDFLGGHULYDWLYHV F\QDULQDQG • 8VHGLQFDVHVRIpoor or weak digestion VFRO\PRVLGH VXFKDVLQGLJHVWLRQK\SRFKORUK\GULD • 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV F\QDURSLFULQ ÀDWXOHQFH,%6IDWW\OLYHU JDOOEODGGHU JURVVKHLPLQ F\QDUDWULRO SUREOHPV • )ODYRQRLGV UXWLQ OXWHROLQ • /HDYHVHQKDQFHOLYHUGHWR[LÀFDWLRQ DQGSURWHFWWKHOLYHUDJDLQVW • ,QXOLQ pathways GDPDJH • 9RODWLOHRLO • ,QGLFDWHGLQFDVHVRI dyslipidemia, ZLOO ORZHUKLJKEORRGOLSLGOHYHOVDQGKHOSSUHYHQW Medicinal Actions: DUWHULRVFOHURVLV • $OWHUDWLYH • :KROHSODQWLVFRQVLGHUHGDVRXUFHRI QXWULHQWVDQG¿EHUDQGVWLPXODWHVERZHO • $QWLR[LGDQW PRWLOLW\ • %LWWHU • &KRODJRJXH FKROHUHWLF Pharmacology: • 'LXUHWLF • &KROHUHWLF FKRODJRJXHDFWLRQVSDUWO\GXH • +HSDWRSURWHFWLYH OLYHUWURSKRUHVWRUDWLYH WRbitter principle and sesquiterpene lactones. • +\SRJO\FHPLF • &DIIHLFDFLGGHULYDWLYHV ÁDYRQRLGV • +\SROLSLGHPLF $QWLFKROHVWHURO &\QDULQ OXWHROLQ PD\SOD\DUROHLQ UHGXFLQJFKROHVWHUROYLDLQWHUIHUHQFHZLWK 178 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Cynara scolymus (Artichoke) FKROHVWHUROV\QWKHVLV • &\QDULQDQGF\DQLGLQKDYHEHHQVKRZQWR GRZQUHJXODWHWKHH[SUHVVLRQRILQGXFLEOH ,Q7&0&\QDUDLVFRQVLGHUHGWRKDYH QLWULFR[LGHV\QWKDVHLQKXPDQFRURQDU\ DELWWHUWDVWHDQGDFROGHQHUJHWLF VPRRWKPXVFOHFHOOV TXDOLW\WKDWHQWHUVOLYHUJDOOEODGGHU DQGVWRPDFKPHULGLDQV,W¶VXVHG WRWUHDWOLYHUJDOOEODGGHUGDPSKHDW Pharmacy: SDWWHUQVZLWKVLGHSDLQDQGDVHQVHRI C • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSRUMXLFHWDNHQIUHHO\ IXOOQHVVRUDEGRPLQDOSDLQ,WVKRXOG EHXVHGFDXWLRXVO\LQSDWLHQWVZLWK • 7LQFWXUH PO4'PO JDOOVWRQHVRULIWKHUHLVVXVSHFWHG ZHHNO\PD[ REVWUXFWLRQRIWKHELOHGXFWV • 6WDQGDUGL]HGH[WUDFW PJ7,' Toxicity: • 5DUHEXWSRVVLEOHDOOHUJLFUHDFWLRQVLQVRPH LQGLYLGXDOV Contraindications: • $YRLGLQDFWLYHSHSWLFXOFHUVDFXWH LQÀDPPDWLRQRIWKH*,7JDOOVWRQHVDQGELOH GXFWREVWUXFWLRQV • $OOHUJLFVHQVLWLYLW\WR$VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\ Interactions: • ,QFUHDVHVJXWPRWLOLW\WKXVPD\WKHRUHWLFDOO\ GHFUHDVHWKHDEVRUSWLRQRIPDQ\GUXJVLI WDNHQVLPXOWDQHRXVO\ • 0D\HQKDQFHFKROHVWHUROORZHULQJDJHQWV GXHWRDGGLWLYHHIIHFWV WKHRUHWLFDO References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ÀDYRQRLGV)RRG)XQFW-DQ ;LD1HWDO$UWLFKRNHF\QDULQDQGF\DQLGLQGRZQUHJXODWHWKHH[SUHVVLRQRILQ GXFLEOHQLWULFR[LGHV\QWKDVHLQKXPDQFRURQDU\VPRRWKPXVFOHFHOOV0ROHFXOHV 0DU Monographs 179 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) P )ORZHUKHDGV 4XLQROL]LGLQH$ONDORLGV VSDUWHLQH C ,VRÀDYRQHV $PLQHV W\UDPLQH C &DUGLRDFWLYHVWLPXODQW +\SHUWHQVLYH A 'LXUHWLF 2[\WRFLF 3DOSLWDWLRQV DUUK\WKPLDV I &RURQDU\ 9HQRXVLQVXI¿FLHQF\ (GHPD F Fabaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 4XLQROL]LGLQH$ONDORLGV VSDUWHLQH • Regulates and strengthens the heartbeat, R[\W\UDPLQH HVSHFLDOO\LQFDVHVRIIXQFWLRQDOSDOSLWDWLRQV • )ODYRQRLGV VFRSDULQ YLWH[LQ DUUK\WKPLDVRU¿EULOODWLRQVE\DIIHFWLQJ HOHFWULFDOFRQGXFWLYLW\ VORZLQJDQGUHJXODWLQJ • ,VRÀDYRQHV LPSXOVHFRQWUDFWLRQV • $PLQHV W\UDPLQH K\GUR[W\UDPLQH • :LOOVWLPXODWHEORRGÀRZDQGYHQRXVUHWXUQ • %LWWHUSULQFLSOH WRWKHKHDUWZKLOHLPSURYLQJFDSLOODU\ LQWHJULW\DVZHOODVDLGLQJLQOLYHUFRQGLWLRQV • 7DQQLQV RUZKHQDGLXUHWLFDFWLRQLVQHHGHG • 9RODWLOHRLOV • )ORZHUWRSVKDYHSRWHQWLDOKDOOXFLQRJHQLF Medicinal Actions: SURSHUWLHVZKHQVPRNHG • %LWWHU • $VDSDUWXULHQWFDQEHXVHGWRIDFLOLWDWH FKLOGELUWKLQGHOD\HGODERXU • &DUGLRDFWLYHVWLPXODQW • 'LXUHWLF Pharmacology: • (PHWLF • Quinolizidine Alkaloids (VSDUWHLQH • /D[DWLYH R[\W\UDPLQH H[HUWFDUGLRDFWLYHHIIHFWV • 2[\WRFLF 3DUWXULHQW • ,QORZGRVHVsparteineKDVHIIHFWVVLPLODU • 3HULSKHUDOYDVRFRQVWULFWRU +\SHUWHQVLYH WRTXLQLGLQHDQGFDXVHVWDFK\FDUGLDDQGLQ KLJKGRVHVEUDG\FDUGLD 180 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) • 6SDUWHLQHKDVSHULSKHUDOHIIHFWVRQPRWRU References &DEUHUD&$ONDORLGV$7KHUDSHXWLF$SSURDFKWR8QGHUVWDQGLQJWKHLU&KHPLVWU\ QHUYHWHUPLQDOVDQGV\PSDWKHWLFJDQJOLD DQG3KDUPDFRORJ\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ FDQUHGXFHFDUGLDFPXVFOHDFWLYLW\DQGKDYH 3RVW R[\WRFLFOLNHHIIHFWV *RQ]iOH]1HWDO3RWHQWLDOXVHRI&\WLVXVVFRSDULXVH[WUDFWVLQWRSLFDODSSOLFD WLRQVIRUVNLQSURWHFWLRQDJDLQVWR[LGDWLYHGDPDJH-3KRWRFKHP3KRWRELRO% $XJ • OxytyramineLVDSHULSKHUDOYDVRFRQVWULFWRU 5DMD6$QWLR[LGDQWHIIHFWRI&\WLVXVVFRSDULXVDJDLQVWFDUERQWHWUDFKORULGH WUHDWHGOLYHULQMXU\LQUDWV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO-DQ DQGZLOOLQFUHDVHEORRGSUHVVXUHDVDZKROH 6XQGDUDUDMDQ5&\WLVXVVFRSDULXVOLQNDQDWXUDODQWLR[LGDQW%0&&RPSOH PHQW$OWHUQ0HG0DU • 9RODWLOHRLOVSURPRWHR[\WRFLFGLXUHWLFDQG :LQN0HWDO$FFXPXODWLRQRITXLQROL]LGLQHDONDORLGVLQSODQWVDQGFHOOVXVSHQ VLRQFXOWXUHV JHQHUDOXSLQXVF\WLVXVEDSWLVLDJHQLVWDODEXUQXPDQGVRSKRUD FDWKDUWLFHIIHFWV 3ODQWD0HG $XJ C • ,VRÀDYRQHVKDYHSRWHQWLDOHVWURJHQLFHIIHFWV Pharmacy: • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSVLPPHUPLQ7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO 6FRWFKEURRPLVDQHVFDSHGJDUGHQ ZHHNO\PD[ RUQDPHQWDOWKDWLVQRZFRQVLGHUHGDQ • 'ULHGKHUE JGD\ LQYDVLYHVSHFLHVLQ%&ZKLFKVSUHDGV UDSLGO\DQGGHQVHO\FKRNLQJRXWQDWLYH VSHFLHVDQGSUHYHQWLQJUHIRUHVWDWLRQ Toxicity: $VLQJOHSODQWFDQSURGXFHZHOORYHU • 6LJQVRIWR[LFLW\LQFOXGHLPSDLUHGYLVLRQ VHHGVWKDWODVWLQWKHVRLOIRU QDXVHDYRPLWLQJSURIXVHVZHDWLQJ PRUHWKDQ\HDUV GL]]LQHVVKHDGDFKHVQXPEQHVVDQGWLQJOLQJ RIKDQGVDQGIHHW • 2YHUGRVHPD\FDXVHK\SHUWHQVLYHFULVLV XWHULQHFRQWUDFWLRQVUHVSLUDWRU\DUUHVWDQG GHDWK Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\ EHVLGHVODERXU /DFWDWLRQ Interactions: • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKEORRGWKLQQLQJPHGLFDWLRQV Monographs 181 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Dioscorea villosa (Wild Yam) P 5RRW 6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQV C $ONDORLGV 3K\WRVWHUROV D $QWLUKHXPDWLF A $QWLVSDVPRGLF +RUPRQHEDODQFHU 306 0HQRSDXVDOFRPSODLQWV I 5KHXPDWLFFRQGLWLRQV DUWKULWLV +HSDWRELOLDU\LQVXI¿FLHQF\ F Dioscoriaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQVEDVHGRQGLRVJHQLQ • ,VPRVWLQGLFDWHGLQLQÁDPPDWRU\ GLRVFLQ GLRVFRULQ conditions of the gallbladder, GIT, joints, • 6WDUFK uterus and ovaries. • $ONDORLGV GLRVFRULQHGLK\GURGLRVFRULQH • :LOOUHGXFHWKHLQÀDPPDWLRQDQGSDLQ DVVRFLDWHGZLWKVPRRWKPXVFOHVSDVPV • 7DQQLQV LQLQWHVWLQDOFUDPSLQJG\VPHQRUUKHDDQG • 3K\WRVWHUROV RYDULDQF\VWV • +DVVSHFL¿FXVHIRUDFXWHSKDVHVRI5$DQG ZLOODLGLQDOOW\SHVRI arthritis, joint/muscle Medicinal Actions: pain, and neuralgias. • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • &KRODJRJXHHIIHFWVZLOOSURPRWHWKH • $QWLUKHXPDWLF ÀRZRIELOHDQGWKXVDLGLQKHSDWRELOLDU\ LQVXI¿FLHQF\G\VOLSLGHPLDJDOOVWRQH • $QWLVSDVPRGLF SUHYHQWLRQDQGKRUPRQDOLPEDODQFHV • 'LDSKRUHWLF • 'LXUHWLF Pharmacology: • ([SHFWRUDQW • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQGDQWLVSDVPRGLFDFWLRQ • +HSDWLF EHOLHYHGWREHGXHWRsteroidal saponins • +RUPRQHEDODQFHU (dioscin & dioscorin)DFWLQJDVDQ&16 UHOD[DQW 182 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Dioscorea villosa (Wild Yam) • 1RWH 7KHVWHURLGDOVDSRQLQGLVRFLQ 16$,'VDQGLQFUHDVHULVNRIDGYHUVH \LHOGVGLRVJHQLQZKLFKLVXVHGIRUWKH HIIHFWVIURPHVWURJHQDQWLHVWURJHQ FRPPHUFLDOPDQXIDFWXULQJRISURJHVWHURQH PHGLFDWLRQV K\GURFRUWLVRQHDQGRWKHUKRUPRQHV References 7KLVSURFHVVUHTXLUHVPLFURELRORJLFDO $XPVXZDQ3(YDOXDWLRQRIZLOG\DP 'LRVFRUHDYLOORVD URRWH[WUDFWDVD SRWHQWLDOHSLJHQHWLFDJHQWLQEUHDVWFDQFHUFHOOV,Q9LWUR&HOO'HY%LRO$QLP IHUPHQWDWLRQRUJDQLFVROYHQWH[WUDFWLRQDQG -DQ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ DFLGK\GURO\VLV,WLVQRWFOHDUWKDWWKHERG\ 3RVW 'RQJ6HWDO/LSLGDWHGVWHURLGVDSRQLQVIURP'LRVFRUHDYLOORVD ZLOG\DP FDQFRQYHUWGLVRJHQLQWRSURJHVWHURQHRU )LWRWHUDSLD'HF RWKHUKRUPRQHV )RVWHU67\OHU9(7\OHU¶V+RQHVW+HUEDO $6HQVLEOH*XLGHWRWKH8VHRI+HUEV DQG5HODWHG5HPHGLHVWKHG%LQJKDPWRQ1< +DZRUWK3UHVV .RPHVDURII3HWDO(IIHFWVRIZLOG\DPH[WUDFWRQPHQRSDXVDOV\PSWRPV D OLSLGVDQGVH[KRUPRQHVLQKHDOWK\PHQRSDXVDOZRPHQ&OLPDFWHULF -XQ /LPD&HWDO%LRDVVD\JXLGHGHYDOXDWLRQRI'LRVFRUHDYLOORVDDQDFXWHDQG Pharmacy: VXEFKURQLFWR[LFLW\DQWLQRFLFHSWLYHDQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DSSURDFK%0& &RPSOHPHQW$OWHUQ0HG-XO • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSURRWFXSZDWHUGHFRFW 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH PLQ &KURQLF FXS7,' $FXWH òFXST 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ òKRXU • 7LQFWXUH PO4'$FXWH POTòKRXU POZHHNO\PD[ 5HFHQWO\WKHSRSXODULW\RI:LOG\DP KDVULVHQJUHDWO\IRUERG\EXLOGHUVDV • 'ULHGURRW J7,' DQDQDEROLFDJHQWWU\LQJWRHQKDQFH WKHLUSHUIRUPDQFHE\JLYLQJWKHLU ERGLHVHYHU\FKDQFHWRPDQXIDFWXUH Toxicity: LWVRZQVWHURLGVKRZHYHUWKHUHLV • +LJKGRVHVPD\FDXVHQDXVHDYRPLWLQJDQG SRRUHYLGHQFHWKDWWKHSODQWZRUNVLQ GLDUUKHD WKLVZD\6LPLODUO\LW¶VUHSXWDWLRQDV DVWHURLGUHSODFHPHQWKDVOHGVRPH • 3RVVLEOHDOOHUJLFUHDFWLRQV UKLQLWLV WRXVHLWDVDIHPDOHFRQWUDFHSWLYH GHUPDWLWLV IROORZLQJWKHQRWLRQWKDWWKHVWHURLGDO HIIHFWVUHQGHURQHVWHULOHZKLOHWDNLQJLW Contraindications: UHJXODUO\ WKLVLVQRWDGYLVHG • 3UHJQDQF\ /DFWDWLRQ • 8VHFDXWLRQLQKRUPRQHVHQVLWLYHFRQGLWLRQV HJ%UHDVWFDQFHU GLDEHWHVWHQGHQF\WR FORWDQGRYHUW/,9.,'GLVHDVH Interactions: • $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHWDFWLYLW\ WKHRUHWLFDO • $QWLGLDEHWLFDJHQWV PD\GHFUHDVHEORRG VXJDU • 0D\LQFUHDVHULVNRIWR[LFLW\IURP KHSDWRWR[LFDQGQHSKURWR[LFGUXJVLQKLELW DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWVRILQGRPHWKDFLQ Monographs 183 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | (FKLQDFHDVSS &RQHÀRZHU P 5RRW &DIIHLFDFLGHVWHUV HFKLQDFRVLGH C 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV $N\ODPLGHV 3RO\DFHW\OHQHV $QWLPLFURELDO E A ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU 9XOQHUDU\ ,QIHFWLRQ DFXWH SUHYHQWLRQ I /\PSKDGHQRSDWK\ :RXQGKHDOLQJ F Asteraceae • 'LDSKRUHWLF • ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU • /\PSKDWLF • 9XOQHUDU\ Constituents: • &DIIHLFDFLGHVWHUV HFKLQDFRVLGH Medicinal uses: LVRFKORURJHQLFDFLGFKORURJHQLFDFLG FLFKRULFDFLG • ,PPXQHPRGXODWLQJSURSHUWLHVimproves resistance to various types of infections. • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV LQXOLQ DUDELQRJDODFWDQV ,VEHVWXVHGSUHYHQWDWLYHO\RULQWKHYHU\ • $N\ODPLGHV HDUO\VWDJHV • 3RO\DFHW\OHQHV • $VDYXOQHUDU\DQGEHXVHGORFDOO\ WRSLFDOO\ WRSURWHFWDJDLQVWLQIHFWLRQUHSDLUWLVVXH • VO GDPDJHDQGIDFLOLWDWHFRQQHFWLYHWLVVXH • )ODYRQRLGV UHJHQHUDWLRQ • $ONDORLGV QRQWR[LFW\SHS\UUROL]LGLQH Pharmacology: Medicinal Actions: • Polysaccharides, alkylamides, • $QWLPLFURELDO DQWLEDFWHULDO DQWLYLUDO polyacetylenes & caffeic acid derivatives DSSHDUWRZRUNV\QHUJLVWLFDOO\WRDFWLYDWH • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ WKHQRQVSHFL¿FLPPXQHUHVSRQVHOHDGLQJ WRJUDQXORF\WHFKHPRWD[LVSKDJRF\WRVLVE\ 184 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak (FKLQDFHDVSS &RQHÀRZHU PDFURSKDJHVDQGLQFUHDVHG71),/,J Contraindications: ELQGLQJDQGQHXWURSKLOV7KHVHFRQVWLWXHQWV • $OOHUJLFUHDFWLRQWR$VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\ PDLQO\HQKDQFHSKDJRF\WRVLVPHDQLQJ DPRUHGLUHFWFOHDUDQFH LQDFWLYDWLRQRI • 'XHWRLWVSRWHQWLDOWRVWLPXODWH71) ,/ SDWKRJHQLFRUJDQLVPVDQGEHWWHULPPXQH DQGLWKDVEHHQVXJJHVWHGWKDW(FKLQDFHD VXUYHLOODQFHZKLFKDFFHOHUDWHVWKHUHVSRQVH VKRXOGQRWEHXVHGLQLPPXQRVXSSUHVVLRQ RIWKHV\VWHPWRQHZRURSSRUWXQLVWLF HJ$,'6RUDXWRLPPXQHGLVHDVH DOWKRXJK SDWKRJHQV WKLVWKHRU\LVQRWXQLYHUVDOO\XSKHOG • EchinosideDSSHDUVWRKDYHDPLOG DQWLELRWLFHIIHFWFDSDEOHRIGLUHFWO\LQKLELWLQJ Interactions: 6WDSK\ORFRFFXVDXUHXVDQGFHUWDLQ E SRO\DFHW\OHQHFRQVWLWXHQWVKDYHEHHQ • 6HOHFWLYHO\PRGXODWHVDFWLYLW\RI&<3$ IRXQGWREHEDFWHULRVWDWLFDJDLQVW(FROLDQG VXEVWUDWHV 3VHXGRPRQDVDHUXJLQRVD • 7KHRUHWLFDOO\VKRXOGXVHFDXWLRQZLWK • 1RWH 1RVLQJOHFRQVWLWXHQWKDVEHHQIRXQG LPPXQRVXSSUHVVLYHGUXJV DQWLELRWLFV WREHSULPDULO\UHVSRQVLEOHIRULPPXQH DQWLUHWURYLUDOV FKHPRWKHUDS\ V\VWHPHIIHFWV FRUWLFRVWHURLGVEORRGWKLQQHUVDQG KHSDWRWR[LFGUXJV • &DIIHLFDFLGHVWHUV FLFKRULFDFLG LQKLELWK\DOXURQLGDVHDFWLYLW\VWDELOL]LQJ PXFRVDOFRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHDJDLQVW References $050RQRJUDSK(FKLQDFHD9ROXPH LQYDVLRQE\SDWKRJHQLFRUJDQLVPVDQG %OXPHQWKDO0*ROGEHUJ$%ULQFNPDQQ-HGLWRUV+HUEDO0HGLFLQH ([SDQGHG&RPPLVVLRQ(0RQRJUDSKV$XVWLQ7; $PHULFDQ%RWDQLFDO&RXQFLO HQKDQFLQJ¿EUREODVWJURZWK IRUPDWLRQRI %RVWRQ ,QWHJUDWLYH0HGLFLQH&RPPXQLFDWLRQV JO\FRVDPLQRJO\FDQV %RQH.(FKLQDFHD :KDWPDNHVLWZRUN"$OWHUQ0HG5HYLHZ9ROXPH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW /LQGH.HWDO(FKLQDFHDIRUSUHYHQWLQJDQGWUHDWLQJWKHFRPPRQFROG &RFKUDQH'DWDEDVHRI6\VWHPDWLF5HYLHZV 5HYLHZV,VVXH Pharmacy: 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ • 'HFRFWLRQ JFXSVLPPHUPLQ7,' 7XUQHU5HWDO$QHYDOXDWLRQRI(FKLQDFHDDQJXVWLIROLDLQH[SHULPHQWDO • 7LQFWXUH PO4''XULQJDFXWH UKLQRYLUXVLQIHFWLRQV1(-0 LQIHFWLRQGRVHFDQEHLQFUHDVHGWR±POT KRXUVPOZHHNO\PD[ • 'ULHGURRW J7,' • 3RZGHUHGH[WUDFW VWDQGDUGL]HGWR HFKLQDFRVLGH PJ7,' Toxicity: • +LJKGRVHVPD\FDXVHQDXVHDDQGRUPRXWK WKURDWLUULWDWLRQ • +DVEHHQUHSRUWHGWRRFFDVLRQDOO\FDXVH UHYHUVLEOHVNLQUHDFWLRQVLQDWRSLFLQGLYLGXDOV Monographs 185 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) P 5RRW 3KHQ\OSURSDQRLGJO\FRVLGHV C 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV 7ULWHUSHQRLGVDSRQLQV $GDSWRJHQ E A ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU VWLPXODQW +\SRJO\FHPLF 3K\VLFDO HPRWLRQDOVWUHVV DGUHQDO IDWLJXH I 7UHDWPHQW SUHYHQWLRQRILQIHFWLRQV FDQFHU F Araliaceae • +\SHUWHQVLYH LQDK\SRWHQVLYHVWDWH Constituents: • +\SRJO\FHPLF • 3KHQ\OSURSDQRLGJO\FRVLGHV • 1HXURSURWHFWLYH (OHXWKHURVLGHV $WKURXJK0 • 6\ULQJLQ Medicinal uses: • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV HOHXWKHUDQV • Adaptogenic (especially adrenal) • 7ULWHUSHQRLGVDSRQLQV &LZXMLDQRVLGHV SURSHUWLHVKDYHEHHQVKRZQWRLQFUHDVHERWK PHQWDODOHUWQHVVDQGSK\VLFDOHQGXUDQFH • 3K\WRVWHUROV EHWDVLWRVWHURO • ,QKLELWVK\SHUWURSK\RIDGUHQDODQGWK\URLG • &RXPDULQV LVRIUD[LGLQ JODQGVE\UHGXFLQJH[WHQWRIWKH¿JKWRUÀLJKW • /LJQDQV UHDFWLRQDQGUHGXFHVWKHH[KDXVWLYHHIIHFWV • 1XWULHQWV 9LWDPLQ(EHWDFDURWHQH&X RIORQJWHUPVWUHVV • 8VHGLQWKHWUHDWPHQW SUHYHQWLRQRI LQIHFWLRQVDQGFDQFHU:LOOWUHDWchronic Medicinal Actions: illness and fatigue,DOOHYLDWHFKURQLFVWUHVV • $GDSWRJHQ DQGUHGXFHGDPDJHIURPKHDY\PHWDO SHVWLFLGHWR[LFLW\ • $QWLR[LGDQW • $VDQadjuvant in cancer therapy, ZLOO • &KHPRSURWHFWLYH UHGXFHWKHVLGHHIIHFWVRIUDGLDWLRQDQG • ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU ,PPXQHVWLPXODQW FKHPRWKHUDS\LQFOXGLQJQDXVHDGL]]LQHVV DQGORVVRIDSSHWLWH • +HSDWRSURWHFWLYH 186 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) Pharmacology: • 'LDEHWLFVVKRXOGPRQLWRUEORRGJOXFRVH • (IIHFWVDUHGXHWRDFRPELQDWLRQRI OHYHOVDQGDGMXVWPHGLFDWLRQDFFRUGLQJO\ GXHWRWKHUHSRUWHGK\SRJO\FHPLFHIIHFWVLQ FRPSRQHQWVSULPDULO\phenylpropanoid DQLPDOV glycosides (eleutherosides B and E). • (OHXWKHURVLGHVLQDFWLYDWHIUHHUDGLFDOVDQG DFFHOHUDWHOLSLGPRELOL]DWLRQWKXVH[HUWLQJD 127( ,WVFRUUHFWFRPPRQQDPHLVQRZ FHOOXODUSURWHFWLYHHIIHFW FRQVLGHUHG(OHXWKHURDVLWLVQRWDFWXDOO\ • ,PPXQRVWLPXODWRU\HIIHFWVLQFUHDVH&' DPHPEHURIWKHJLQVHQJIDPLO\DQGZDV DQGWRDOHVVHUH[WHQW&'FHOOV FDOOHG6LEHULDQ*LQVHQJSDUWO\IRUPDUNHWLQJ SXUSRVHV E Pharmacy: References %DL<HWDO$FWLYHFRPSRQHQWVIURP6LEHULDQJLQVHQJ (OHXWKHURFRFFXVVHQWL • 7LQFWXUH PO4'POZHHNO\ FRVXV IRUSURWHFWLRQRIDP\ORLGȕ LQGXFHGQHXULWLFDWURSK\LQFXOWXUHGUDW PD[1RWH %HVWWDNHQLQWKHPRUQLQJDQGDW FRUWLFDOQHXURQV-1DW0HG-XO %OHDNQH\7'HFRQVWUXFWLQJDQDGDSWRJHQ (OHXWKHURFRFFXVVHQWLFRVXV QRRQWRPDWFKWKHDGUHQDOJODQGUK\WKP +ROLVW1XUV3UDFW-XO$XJ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW • &DSVXOH PJ VWDQGDUGL]HGWR! *XR6HWDO(IIHFWVRIHOHXWKHURVLGH%DQGHOHXWKHURVLGH(RQDFWLYLW\RI F\WRFKURPH3LQUDWOLYHUPLFURVRPHV%0&&RPSOHPHQW$OWHUQ0HG HOHXWKHURVLGH( ±PJGDLO\LQ -DQ GRVHV +XDQJ/HWDO7KHHIIHFWRI(OHXWKHURVLGH(RQEHKDYLRUDODOWHUDWLRQVLQPXULQH VOHHSGHSULYDWLRQVWUHVVPRGHO(XU-3KDUPDFRO0D\ .XR-HWDO7KHHIIHFWRIHLJKWZHHNVRIVXSSOHPHQWDWLRQZLWK(OHXWKHURFRFFXV • :KROHSRZGHU JGDLO\LQWZRGRVHV VHQWLFRVXVRQHQGXUDQFHFDSDFLW\DQGPHWDEROLVPLQKXPDQ&KLQ-3K\VLRO $SU • 3DXVHGRVLQJ ZHHNVRQZHHNVRII /HH'HWDO1HXURSURWHFWLYHHIIHFWVRI(OHXWKHURFRFFXVVHQWLFRVXVEDUN RQWUDQVLHQWJOREDOFHUHEUDOLVFKHPLDLQUDWV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO-DQ Toxicity: • +LJKGRVHVPD\FDXVHSDOSLWDWLRQV LQVRPQLDK\SHUWHQVLRQDQGWDFK\FDUGLD Contraindications: • %HVWWRDYRLGLQFKLOGUHQDQGWKRVHWKDWDUH QHUYRXVWHQVHPDQLFRURYHUO\HQHUJHWLF • 8VHFDXWLRQLQDXWRLPPXQHGLVHDVHGXHWR ,PPXQRVWLPXODQWHIIHFWV Interactions: • $YRLGXVHZLWKVWLPXODQWVDOFRKRO EDUELWXUDWHVDQWLSV\FKRWLFVGLJR[LQDQG DQWLFRDJXODQWV Monographs 187 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Ephedra sinica (Ephedra/Ma Huang) P Aerial 3URWRDONDORLGV HSKHGULQH C 7DQQLQV 3URDQWKRF\DQLGLQV %URQFKRGLODWRU E A &DUGLDFVWLPXODQW 1HUYLQHVWLPXODQW $VWKPD I $OOHUJLHV 5KLQLWLV +\SRWHQVLRQ F Ephedraceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 3URWRDONDORLGV HSKHGULQH • +DVVSHFL¿FXVHLQasthma WRUHGXFHWKH SVHXGRHSKHGULQH VHYHULW\DQGIUHTXHQF\RIVSDVPVDQG • 9RODWLOHRLOV LPSURYHEURQFKRGLODWLRQ • 7DQQLQV • $OVRXVHIXOIRUFROGVÀXVFRXJKV EURQFKRVSDVPVnasal congestion and • *O\FDQV other allergic symptoms. • )ODYRQRLGJO\FRVLGHV • ,VDOVRXVHGWR increase alertness, increase • 3URDQWKRF\DQLGLQV blood pressure DQGSURPRWHFLUFXODWLRQ WKURXJKRXWWKHERG\ Medicinal Actions: Pharmacology: • %URQFKRGLODWRU • Protoalkaloids (ephedrine & • &DUGLDFVWLPXODQW pseudoephedrine DUHV\PSDWKRPLPHWLF • &LUFXODWRU\VWLPXODQW &16VWLPXODQWDQGKDYHHIIHFWVRQDGUHQR UHFHSWRUV$UHDOVRVPRRWKPXVFOHUHOD[DQWV • 'LDSKRUHWLF VSHFL¿FDOO\WRWKHOXQJVDQGGLJHVWLYHWUDFW • +\SHUWHQVLYH • EphedrineLVDYDVRFRQVWULFWRUZLWK • 1HUYLQHVWLPXODQW SRVLWLYHLQRWURSLFDFWLRQVRQWKHKHDUWWR LQFUHDVHEORRGSUHVVXUHDQGKHDUWUDWH 3VHXGRHSKHGULQHLVDEURQFKRGLODWRUWKDW 188 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Ephedra sinica (Ephedra/Ma Huang) GHFUHDVHVEORRGSUHVVXUHUHGXFHVKHDUW References $QGUDZV5HWDO&DUGLRYDVFXODUHIIHFWVRIHSKHGUDDONDORLGV $FRPSUHKHQVLYH UDWHDQGDFWVDVDQDVDOGHFRQJHVWDQW1RWH UHYLHZ3URJ&DUGLRYDVF'LV &KHQ:HWDO(IIHFWVRIHSKHGUDRQDXWRQRPLFQHUYRXVPRGXODWLRQLQKHDOWK\ $ONDORLGVKDYHDQRSSRVLWHHIIHFWRQWKH \RXQJDGXOWV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO$XJ ERG\ZLWKDQRYHUDOOEDODQFLQJHIIHFW &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW )OHPLQJ56DIHW\RIHSKHGUDDQGUHODWHGDQRUH[LFPHGLFDWLRQV([SHUW2SLQ • 9RODWLOHRLOVDUHDQWLEDFWHULDODQGDQWLYLUDO 'UXJ6DI .LP,HWDO(SKHGUDQQLQ$DQG%IURPURRWVRI(SKHGUDVLQLFDLQKLELW OLSRSRO\VDFFKDULGHLQGXFHGLQÀDPPDWRU\PHGLDWRUVE\VXSSUHVVLQJQXFOHDU IDFWRUț%DFWLYDWLRQLQ5$:PDFURSKDJHV,QW,PPXQRSKDUPDFRO 'HF Pharmacy: .UL]HYVNL5HWDO&RPSRVLWLRQDQGVWHUHRFKHPLVWU\RIHSKHGULQHDONDORLGVDF FXPXODWLRQLQ(SKHGUDVLQLFD6WDSI3K\WRFKHPLVWU\-XQ 0DGKXVXGDQ*HWDO6DIHW\RIHSKHGUD OHVVRQVOHDUQHG7R[LFRORJ\/HWWHUV • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSVLPPHUPLQ7,' 9ROXPH,VVXH$SULO3DJHV ± 6RQJ0%HQH¿FLDOHIIHFWRIGLHWDU\(SKHGUDVLQLFDRQREHVLW\DQGJOXFRVH • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO LQWROHUDQFHLQKLJKIDWGLHWIHGPLFH([S7KHU0HG$SU 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH E ZHHNO\PD[ 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ Toxicity: • 0D\FDXVHLQFUHDVHVLQEORRGSUHVVXUH 0RGHUQPHGLFLQHDQGUHVHDUFK FDUGLDFDUUK\WKPLDVLQVRPQLDKHDGDFKHV PHWKRGVKDVYLHZHG(SKHGUDDOPRVW ORZDSSHWLWHDQ[LHW\UHVWOHVVQHVVWUHPRUV HQWLUHO\E\LWVDONDORLGVLVRODWLQJDQG WDFK\FDUGLDQDXVHD YRPLWLQJDQG V\QWKHVL]LQJHSKHGULQHIURPLWDQGDVD GHSHQGHQF\ UHVXOWGLVFRYHULQJDQHQWLUHO\QHZFODVV RIGUXJVWKHDPSKHWDPLQHV3VHXGR HSKHGULQHLVSUHVHQWO\PRVWFRPPRQO\ Contraindications: XVHGDQRYHUWKHFRXQWHUUHPHG\IRUWKH • 3UHJQDQF\/DFWDWLRQDQGLQFKLOGUHQ UHOLHIRIQDVDOFRQJHVWLRQ7KHDONDORLGV RI(SKHGUDGRH[KLELWVHULRXVWR[LFLW\ • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKK\SHUWHQVLRQKHDUW FRQFHUQVZKHQWDNHQLQODUJHDPRXQWV GLVHDVHJODXFRPDDQ[LHW\GLDEHWHVDQG DQGPD\QXWUDFHXWLFDOSURGXFWVKDYH K\SHUWK\URLGSURVWDWHFDQFHUOLYHUDQGRU EHHQEDQQHGGXHLW¶VLPSURSHUXVH NLGQH\GLVHDVH HYHQFDXVLQJGHDWKLQVRPHFDVHV Interactions: • 3RWHQWLDOLQWHUDFWLRQVZLWKDOOFHQWUDOO\ DFWLQJGUXJVVXFKDVDQWLGHSUHVVDQWV V\PSDWKRPLPHWLFVFRUWLFRVWHURLGVFDUGLDF JO\FRVLGHVDQGDQHVWKHWLFV • 0D\DQWDJRQL]HHIIHFWVRIDOSKDEORFNHUV DQWLDUUK\WKPLFVDQWLFRQYXOVDQWVDQWL GLDEHWLFDJHQWVDQGDQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHV • 0D\KDYHDGGLWLYHHIIHFWVZLWKDQHVWKHWLFV EHWDEORFNHUVFDIIHLQHHUJRWDONDORLGV DOFRKRO0$2,VDQGPD\LQFUHDVHWR[LFLW\ ULVNZLWKDOOVWLPXODQWVSKHQRWKLD]LQHV WKHRSK\OOLQHDQGWK\URLGKRUPRQHV Monographs 189 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Equisteum arvense (Horsetail) P $HULDO YHJHWDWLYHJUHHQSKDVH 6LOLFD C 6DSRQLQV 0XFLODJH &RQQHFWLYHWLVVXHWRQLF E A 'LXUHWLF 9XOQHUDU\ 3URPRWHUHSDLU LPSURYHVWUHQJWKRI FRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHV FROODJHQ ERQH I 5KHXPDWLF *HQLWRXULQDU\ FRPSODLQWV F Equisetaceae Medicinal uses: • ,WLVVSHFL¿FWRWKHgenitourinary & Constituents: respiratory systems as a connective • 1XWULHQWV PLQHUDOVLOLFD LQWKHIRUP tissue tonicWKDWSURPRWHVUHSDLURI RIVLOLFLFDFLG VLOLFDWHV.0J GDPDJHGFRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHDQGWKHKHDOWK\ JURZWKRIERQHV • )ODYRQRLGV TXHUFLWLQ • ,WLPSURYHVFRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHVWUHQJWK • $ONDORLGV DQGHODVWLFLW\DVZHOODVUHPRYHVXULF • 3K\WRVWHUROV DFLGODFWDWHVDQGUHVLGXDOWR[LQVIURPWKH H[WUDFHOOXODUPDWUL[ • 6DSRQLQV HTXLVLWRQLQ • +DVVSHFL¿FXVHIRU%3+SURVWDWLWLV • 0XFLODJH LQFRQWLQHQFHDQGHQXUHVLVLQFKLOGUHQ • 7DQQLQV • 3URPRWHVUHQDOIXQFWLRQFOHDQVHVDQG Medicinal Actions: UHSDLUVWLVVXHV • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Repairs connective tissue,LPSURYLQJ ERWKFROODJHQDQGHODVWLQ ERQHFDUWLODJH • $QWLUKHXPDWLF MRLQWVPXVFOHVDUWHULHV EOHHGLQJ YHLQV • $VWULQJHQW YDULFRVH • &RQQHFWLYHWLVVXHWRQLF • )RUchronic connective tissue disorders, • 'LXUHWLF DUWKULWLVLQÀDPPDWLRQ ROGGHJHQHUDWHG ZRXQGV UHOHDVHVROGSXVDQGUHVLGXDO • 9XOQHUDU\ PDWHULDOFKURQLFLQIHFWLRQV HVSEODGGHU LUULWDWLRQ 190 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Equisteum arvense (Horsetail) • 5HVWRUHVPLQHUDOOHYHOVDQGZHDNPXFRXV Interactions: PHPEUDQHV HJVLQXVLWLV,%6 • 'LJLWDOLVDQGRWKHUFDUGLDFJO\FRVLGHV Pharmacology: PD\EHSRWHQWLDWHGGXHWRSRWDVVLXPORVV VHFRQGDU\WRGLXUHVLV • Silicic acid & silicatesSURYLGH DSSUR[LPDWHO\±HOHPHQWDOVLOLFRQZKLFK LVDYLWDOFRPSRQHQWIRUERQHDQGFDUWLODJH References IRUPDWLRQKHOSVSUHVHUYHHODVWLFLW\RI %HVVD3HUHLUD&HWDO(TXLVHWXPDUYHQVHK\GURPHWKDQROLFH[WUDFWVLQERQH WLVVXHUHJHQHUDWLRQ LQYLWURRVWHREODVWLFPRGXODWLRQDQGDQWLEDFWHULDODFWLYLW\ FRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHFRQWUROV&DDEVRUSWLRQ &HOO3UROLI$XJ &DUQHLUR'HWDO5DQGRPL]HG'RXEOH%OLQG&OLQLFDO7ULDOWR$VVHVVWKH$FXWH DQGSURPRWHVWKHUHSDLURIWLVVXHDIWHUOXQJ 'LXUHWLF(IIHFWRI(TXLVHWXPDUYHQVH )LHOG+RUVHWDLO LQ+HDOWK\9ROXQWHHUV (YLG%DVHG&RPSOHPHQW$OWHUQDW0HG GDPDJH7KHKLJKVLOLFRQFRQWHQWH[HUWVD &RVWD5RGULJXHV-HWDO,QKLELWLRQRIKXPDQLQYLWURRVWHRFODVWRJHQHVLVE\ FRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHVWUHQJWKHQLQJHIIHFW (TXLVHWXPDUYHQVH&HOO3UROLI'HF E &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW • 6ROXEOHVLOLFDWHVVWLPXODWHOHXFRF\WHDFWLYLW\ &XUULH+ 3HUU\&&KHPLFDOHYLGHQFHIRULQWULQVLFµ6L¶ZLWKLQ(TXLVHWXPFHOO ZDOOV3K\WRFKHPLVWU\ 'HF *UQGHPDQQ&HWDO(TXLVHWXPDUYHQVH FRPPRQKRUVHWDLO PRGXODWHVWKH IXQFWLRQRILQÀDPPDWRU\LPPXQRFRPSHWHQWFHOOV%0&&RPSOHPHQW$OWHUQ0HG $XJ Pharmacy: .OQoDOS6HWDO(TXLVHWXPDUYHQVH )LHOG+RUVHWDLO LQGXFHGOLYHULQMXU\(XU- *DVWURHQWHURO+HSDWRO)HE • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSLQIXVHPLQ7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO%,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ • 'ULHGKHUE J7,' • 3RXOWLFH PDNHSDVWHZLWKSRZGHUHGKHUE • 1RWH 3XOVHGRVLQJZHHNVRQZHHNRII Toxicity: • 8VHZLWKFDXWLRQLQSHRSOHZLWKHGHPDWKDWLV WKHUHVXOWRILPSDLUHGNLGQH\IXQFWLRQ • /RQJWHUPXVHPD\FDXVHNLGQH\DQGRU KHDUWGDPDJHDQGUHVXOWLQWLVVXHLUULWDWLRQ DQGFRQVHTXHQWLQÀDPPDWLRQ • 1RWH +HDYLO\FRQFHQWUDWHVPLQHUDOVIURP WKHVRLOLQZKLFKLWJURZV7KXVSODQWVE\ URDGVDQGLQGXVWULDODUHDVZLOOFRQFHQWUDWH KHDY\PHWDOVVXFKDVFDGPLXPDQGOHDG Contraindications: • &DXWLRQZLWKLPSDLUHGFDUGLDF NLGQH\ IXQFWLRQHGHPDIURPFDUGLDFRULJLQSURVWDWH FDQFHUFKLOGUHQXQGHUDQGORQJWHUPXVH Monographs 191 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Eschscholzia californica (California Poppy) P Aerial ,VRTXLQROLQH$ONDORLGV C )ODYRQHJO\FRVLGHV $QDOJHVLF E A $QWLVSDVPRGLF 1HUYLQHUHOD[DQW 6HGDWLYH 1HXUDOJLD PLJUDLQHV I 6WUHVVDQ[LHW\ GHSUHVVLRQ ,QVRPQLD F Papaveraceae Medicinal uses: • +DVK\SQRWLFHIIHFWVVLPLODUWRWKRVHRI RSLXPSRSS\EXWDUHPXFKPLOGHUDQGQRQ DGGLFWLYH Constituents: • +DVDQRUPDOL]LQJHIIHFWRQERWKSK\VLFDO • ,VRTXLQROLQHDONDORLGV FDOLIRUQLGLQH DQGSV\FKRORJLFDOV\PSWRPVVXFKDVSDLQ HVFKVFKROW]LQHUHWLFXOLQH FKHOHU\WKULQH QHXUDOJLDVPLJUDLQHVVWUHVVQHUYRXVERZHO • )ODYRQHJO\FRVLGHV UXWLQ GHSUHVVLRQDQ[LHW\DQGK\SHUDFWLYLW\LQ FKLOGUHQ • ,WZLOOUHJXODWHVOHHSLQJSDWWHUQVDQGLV Medicinal Actions: XVHIXOLQIRUPXODVIRUEHGZHWWLQJ VDIHWR • $QDOJHVLF XVHLQFKLOGUHQ QHUYRXVDQ[LHW\DQGWURXEOH • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ VOHHSLQJ • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • $Q[LRO\WLF ORZHUGRVHV Pharmacology: • 1HUYLQHUHOD[DQW • Isoquinoline alkaloidsDUHK\SQRWLF VHGDWLYHWKRXJKDUHQRQDGGLFWLYHDQGGR • 6HGDWLYH +\SQRWLF KLJKHUGRVHV QRWFDXVHGLVRULHQWDWLRQ • Chelerythrine DQDONDORLGFRQVWLWXHQW LVD SURWHLQNLQDVH&LQKLELWRULQWKHGRUVDOKRUQ RIWKHVSLQDOFRUGGHFUHDVLQJSDLQLQGXFHG 192 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Eschscholzia californica (California Poppy) E\KHDWRUFKHPLFDOVWLPXODWLRQ References %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HUEDO$GMXQFWV ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV • )ODYRQHJO\FRVLGHVDQGDQWLVSDVPRGLFDQG &DKOtNRYi/HWDO$FHW\OFKROLQHVWHUDVHDQGEXW\U\OFKROLQHVWHUDVHLQKLELWRU\ EORRGYHVVHOWRQLFV FRPSRXQGVIURP(VFKVFKRO]LDFDOLIRUQLFD 3DSDYHUDFHDH 1DW3URG&RPPXQ -XO &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ • +DVEHHQVKRZQWRLQKLELWHQ]\PDWLF 3RVW +DQXV0HWDO'RXEOHEOLQGUDQGRPLVHGSODFHERFRQWUROOHGVWXG\WRHYDOXDWH GHJUDGDWLRQRIFDWHFKRODPLQHVDVZHOO WKHHI¿FDF\DQGVDIHW\RID¿[HGFRPELQDWLRQFRQWDLQLQJWZRSODQWH[WUDFWV &UDWDHJXVR[\DFDQWKDDQG(VFKVFKROW]LDFDOLIRUQLFD DQGPDJQHVLXPLQPLOG DVWKHV\QWKHVLVRIDGUHQDOLQHGRSDPLQH WRPRGHUDWHDQ[LHW\GLVRUGHUV&XUU0HG5HV2SLQ-DQ K\GUR[\ODVHDQGPRQRDPLQHR[LGDVH .OYDQD0HWDO$QDO\VLVRIVHFRQGDU\PHWDEROLWHVIURPHVFKVFKROW]LD FDOLIRUQLFDE\KLJKSHUIRUPDQFHOLTXLGFKURPDWRJUDSK\3K\WRFKHP$QDO -XO$XJ 5ROODQG$HWDO%HKDYLRXUDOHIIHFWVRIWKH$PHULFDQWUDGLWLRQDOSODQW (VFKVFKRO]LDFDOLIRUQLFD VHGDWLYHDQGDQ[LRO\WLFSURSHUWLHV3ODQWD0HG -XQ Pharmacy: 5ROODQG$HWDO1HXURSK\VLRORJLFDOHIIHFWVRIDQH[WUDFWRI(VFKVFKRO]LDFDOLIRU QLFD&KDP 3DSDYHUDFHDH 3K\WRWKHU5HV$XJ E • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSLQIXVHPLQFXSDW 6DUULV-HWDO3ODQWEDVHGPHGLFLQHVIRUDQ[LHW\GLVRUGHUV3DUW DUHYLHZRI EHGWLPHWRDLGZLWKVOHHS SUHFOLQLFDOVWXGLHV&16'UXJV0DU • 7LQFWXUH PO4'PO ZHHNO\PD[ &DOLIRUQLDSRSS\LVLQWKHVDPHIDPLO\ DVRSLXPSRSS\DQGKDVVLPLODU EXW • 1RWH +LJKGRVHVZLOOFDXVHGURZVLQHVVORZ OHVVSRWHQW SDLQUHOLHYLQJFRQVWLWXHQWV GRVHVLQGXFHUHOD[DWLRQ ZLWKRXWWKHVWUHQJWKRIFKHPLFDOVOLNH PRUSKLQH FRGHLQH7KHFKHPLFDO Toxicity: SURSHUWLHVRI&DOLIRUQLDSRSS\DUH QRQQDUFRWLFQRQDGGLFWLYHDQGVDIH • 1RDGYHUVHHIIHFWVZLWKLQUHFRPPHQGHG IRUORQJWHUPXVHZLWKRXWWKHZRUU\RI GRVHV GHSHQGHQF\ • +LJKGRVHVPD\FDXVHQDXVHDDQGD UHVLGXDOKDQJRYHUHIIHFW Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ Interactions: • &DXWLRQZLWKQHUYRXVV\VWHPPHGLFDWLRQV HJDQWLGHSUHVVDQWV GRSDPLQHUJLF 0D\ KDYHDGGLFWLYHHIIHFWVZKHQFRPELQHGZLWK RWKHUVHGDWLYHVDQGEDUELWXDWHV Monographs 193 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Eupatorium perfoliatum (Boneset) P Aerial 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV C 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV )ODYRQRLGV $QWLUKHXPDWLF E A 'LDSKRUHWLF ,PPXQRVWLPXODQW 857,V I )HYHU LQÀXHQ]D 5KHXPDWLFFRPSODLQWV P\DOJLD F Asteraceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV 92 • 6WLPXODWHVWKHLPPXQHV\VWHPDJDLQVW • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV EDFWHULDO YLUDOLQIHFWLRQVDQGLVRQHRI WKHEHVWUHPHGLHVIRUWKH relief of the • )ODYRQRLGV TXHUFHWLQNDHPSIHUROUXWLQ associated symptoms that accompany • %LWWHUJO\FRVLGH HXSDWRULQ LQÁXHQ]D FRXJKQLJKWVZHDWVDFKLQJ ERQHV DQGSDUWLFXODUO\WRZDUGV'HQJXH • &DIIHLFDFLGGHULYDWLYHV IHYHU DNDEUHDNERQHIHYHU • 7DQQLQV • :LOOVSHHGLO\UHOLHYHDFKHVDQGSDLQDVZHOO • $ONDORLGV S\UUROL]LGLQH DVDLGWKHERG\LQGHDOLQJZLWKDQ\IHYHU WKDWLVSUHVHQWZLOODOVRORRVHQSKOHJPDQG SURPRWHFOHDULQJRIWKHXSSHUUHVSLUDWRU\ Medicinal Actions: WUDFWWKURXJKFRXJKLQJ • $QWLPLFURELDO • $VDUHOD[DQWLWPD\SURYLGHV\PSWRPDWLF • $QWLUKHXPDWLF UHOLHILQWKHWUHDWPHQWRI muscular rheumatismDQGDOVRZRUNVRQWKH • %LWWHU SHULSKHUDOYDVFXODUV\VWHP • 'LDSKRUHWLF • 7KHELWWHUSULQFLSOHVDUHVWLPXODWLQJWRWKH • ,PPXQRVWLPXODQW VWRPDFKDQGOLYHUDLGLQJLQWKHVHFUHWLQJRI ELOHDQGSURYLGLQJDPLOGOD[DWLYHHIIHFW • /D[DWLYH PLOG 194 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Eupatorium perfoliatum (Boneset) Pharmacology: • Polysaccharides & sesquiterpene (XURSHDQVHWWOHUVWKDW¿UVWODQGHG lactonesDUHLPPXQRVWLPXODWRU\DQG LQ$PHULFDZHUHIDFHGZLWKGLVHDVHV HQKDQFHSKDJRF\WRVLVLQYLWUR SDUWLFXODUWRWKHQHZFOLPDWH$Q LQWHUPLWWHQWIHYHUZLWKFKLOOV DFKLQJ ERQHVZDVQRWXQFRPPRQDQGDV Pharmacy: %RQHVHWZDVXQLYHUVDOO\XVHGE\ • ,QIXVLRQ WVSKHUEFXSZDWHU GXULQJ 1DWLYH,QGLDQVGXULQJWKH³ZLQWHUÀX´ IHYHUVRIWKHÀXGULQNFXSHYHU\KDOIKRXU VHWWOHUVTXLFNO\DGRSWHGWKLVPHGLFLQH DVKRWDVSRVVLEOH ,QZULWLQJIURP ³DOPRVWHYHU\ IDUPKRXVHKDVLWVEXQFKRIGULHGKHUE E • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ KDQJLQJWRSVGRZQZDUGIURPWKH PD[ UDIWHUGXULQJWKHZKROH\HDUUHDG\IRU LPPHGLDWHXVHVKRXOGVRPHPHPEHU RIWKHIDPLO\RUWKDWRIDQHLJKERUEH Toxicity: WDNHQZLWKDFROG´ • +RWWHDPD\SURGXFHGLDSKRUHVLVDQGLQ VRPHFDVHVYRPLWLQJDQGHYDFXDWLRQRIWKH ERZHOV • 8VHFDXWLRQLQOLYHUGLVHDVHDQGDYRLGORQJ WHUPXVHGXHWRSRWHQWLDOWR[LFLW\FRQFHUQV DVVRFLDWHGWRDONDORLGV S\UUROL]LGLQHW\SH Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\DQG/DFWDWLRQ • .QRZQDOOHUJLFK\SHUVHQVLWLYLW\WR$VWHUDFHDH IDPLO\ HJGHUPDWLWLV Interactions: • 1RQHNQRZQ References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ÀDPPDWRU\DFWLYLW\RI(XSDWRULXPSHUIROLDWXP/H[WUDFWV HXSDIROLQDQGGLPHULFJXDLDQROLGHYLDL126LQKLELWRU\DFWLYLW\DQGPRGXODWLRQRI LQÀDPPDWLRQUHODWHGF\WRNLQHVDQGFKHPRNLQHV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO6HS Monographs 195 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) P Aerial Salicylates (salicin) C Tannins Mucilage $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A $QWLUKHXPDWLF F Astringent 3HSWLFXOFHUWUHDWPHQW SUHYHQWLRQ ,QÀDPPDWRU\ SDLQIXO06. I FRQGLWLRQV '\VSHSVLD *(5' F Rosaceae Constituents: Medicinal Uses: • 6DOLF\ODWHV VDOLFLQ VDOLF\OLFDFLG • +DVVSHFL¿FXVHIRU peptic ulcersERWKDV SURSK\ODFWLFDQGDVWUHDWPHQW • )ODYRQRLGV • :LOOUHJXODWHJDVWULFDFLGOHYHOVSURWHFW • Tannins DQGVRRWKH*,7PXFRXVPHPEUDQHVLQ • 9RODWLOHRLOV FRQGLWLRQVOLNHG\VSHSVLDK\SHUDFLGLW\ KHDUWEXUQDQGJDVWULWLV • &RXPDULQV • $OVRRIJUHDWXVHLQLQÁDPPDWRU\ • Mucilage PXVFXORVNHOHWDOFRQGLWLRQs such as DUWKULWLVJRXW SURPRWHVXULFDFLGH[FUHWLRQ DQGDOONLQGVRIPXVFOH MRLQWSDLQV Medicinal Actions: • +DVDQWLEDFWHULDODQGLPPXQRPRGXODWLQJ • Analgesic HIIHFWVDQGDVWULQJHQF\PDNHVLWDXVHIXO • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ UHPHG\LQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIGLDUUKHD • $QWLPLFURELDO • $QWLUKHXPDWLF 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • Astringent • 6DOLF\ODWHV VDOLFLQ VDOLF\OLFDFLG DUH • &DUPLQDWLYH DQDOJHVLFDQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • 'LDSKRUHWLF • 6DOLFLQLVPHWDEROL]HG DEVRUEHGLQWKH ERZHOVWRVDOLF\OLFDFLGZKLFKLVKDVDVSLULQ 196 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) OLNHHIIHFWVZLWKRXWLUULWDWLQJWKHJDVWULFOLQLQJ Contraindications: 6DOLFLQDQGVDOLF\OJO\FRVLGHVIRUPVDOLFLQ • 8VHFDXWLRQLQFKLOGUHQZLWKWKHÀXGXHWR DIWHUK\GURO\VLVRIWKHDF\OJURXS6DOLFLQ 5H\H¶VV\QGURPH WKHRUHWLFDO LVWKHQVSOLWE\LQWHVWLQDOÀRUDLQWRVDOLJHQLQ VDOLF\ODOFRKRO DQGJOXFRVH6DOLJHQLQLV • 7KRVHZLWKNQRZQK\SHUVHQVLWLYLW\WR WKHQDEVRUEHGDQGR[LGL]HGLQWKHEORRG VDOLF\ODWHVPD\H[SHULHQFHUDUHUHDFWLRQ DQGOLYHUWRVDOLF\OLFDFLGDQGKDVDQWLS\UHWLF FDXVLQJXUWLFDULDUKLQLWLVDVWKPD DQDOJHVLFDQWLUKHXPDWLFDQGDQWLVHSWLF EURQFKLDOVSDVP DFWLRQV • 7KHLUDFWLYLW\PD\DOVREHGXHWRWKHLUDELOLW\ Interactions: WRLQKLELWF\FORR[\JHQDVHFRPSOHPHQW DFWLYDWLRQDQG7FHOOSUROLIHUDWLRQDQGWKXV • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKDQWLFRDJXODQWV LQWHUIHUHZLWKWKHSURGXFWLRQRIUHDFWLYH WKHRUHWLFDO RUVDOLF\ODWHFRQWDLQLQJ F R[\JHQVSHFLHV 526 VXEVWDQFHVDOFRKROEDUELWXUDWHVVHGDWLYHV PHWKRWUH[DWHVSLURQRODFWRQHSKHQ\WRLQ • 7DQQLQV PXFLODJHDSSHDUWREXIIHUWKH YDOSURDWHPHGLFDWLRQV DGYHUVHHIIHFWVRILVRODWHGVDOLF\ODWHVZKLFK FDQFDXVHJDVWULFEOHHGLQJ References: %DUQDXORY2HWDO>$QWLXOFHUDFWLRQRIDGHFRFWLRQRIWKHÀRZHUVRIWKH GURSZRUW)LOLSHQGXODXOPDULD / 0D[LP@)DUPDNRO7RNVLNRO 1RY 3KDUPDF\ 'HF %RQH.$&OLQLFDO*XLGHWR%OHQGLQJ/LTXLG+HUEV +HUEDO)RUPXODWLRQVIRUWKH ,QGLYLGXDO3DWLHQW(OVHYLHU6FLHQFH • 'HFRFWLRQ JFXSVLPPHUPLQ7,' &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO 'UXPPRQG(HWDO,QKLELWLRQRISURLQÀDPPDWRU\ELRPDUNHUVLQ7+3PDF- URSKDJHVE\SRO\SKHQROVGHULYHGIURPFKDPRPLOHPHDGRZVZHHWDQGZLOORZ ZHHNO\PD[ EDUN3K\WRWKHU5HV$SU .XGULDVKRY%HWDO>7KHFRQWHQWRIDKHSDULQOLNHDQWLFRDJXODQWLQWKH ÀRZHUVRIWKHPHDGRZVZHHW )LOLSHQGXODXOPDULD @)DUPDNRO7RNVLNRO • 'ULHGEDUN J7,' WKHHIIHFWLYHGRVHRI -XO$XJ VDOLFLQLVPJGD\ 7R[LFLW\ • ,QKLJKGRVHVVDOLF\OLFDFLGKDVDQRWRWR[LF HIIHFWE\LQKLELWLQJSUHVWLQZKLFKLVWKHPRWRU SURWHLQRIWKHRXWHUKDLUFHOOVRIWKHLQQHU HDURIWKHPDPPDOLDQFRFKOHD,WKDVEHHQ NQRZQWRLQGXFHWUDQVLHQWKHDULQJORVVLQ ]LQFGH¿FLHQWLQGLYLGXDOV • 7KHRUHWLFDOO\6DOLF\OLVPZKLFKLVDQDFXWH RYHUGRVHRIVDOLF\ODWHVFDQSURGXFHWR[LFLW\ V\PSWRPVUDQJLQJIURPPLOGQDXVHD YRPLWLQJDEGRPLQDOSDLQOHWKDUJ\WLQQLWXV DQGGL]]LQHVVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHGRVH FRQVXPHG 0RQRJUDSKV 197 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) P )UXLW 6HHG 9RODWLOHRLO C )ODYRQRLGV 3K\WRVWHUROV &DUPLQDWLYH A *DODFWRJRJXH F 3K\WRHVWURJHQLF )ODWXOHQFH*,7 EURQFKLDOVSDVP I $PHQRUUKHD 2OLJRPHQRUUKHD 6WLPXODWHEUHDVWPLONSURGXFWLRQ F Apiaceae • 1RWH ,VRIWHQXVHGZLWKOD[DWLYHVWRDOOD\ DVVRFLDWHGJULSLQJ Constituents: • 9RODWLOHRLO DQHWKROH HVWURJROH • ,VUHSRUWHGWRHQKDQFHKHSDWLF UHJHQHUDWLRQDQGSK\WRHVWURJHQLFDFWLRQ • )ODYRQRLGV UXWLQTXHUFHWLQNDHPSIHURO JLYHVLWDQLQGLFDWLRQLQDPHQRUUKHDDQG • &RXPDULQV ROLJRPHQRUUKHD • 3K\WRVWHUROV • 6WLPXODWHVPLONSURGXFWLRQDQGFRPELQHV ZHOOZLWK*DOHJDRI¿FLQDOLVDQG6LO\EXP PDULDQXPIRUWKLVSXUSRVH Medicinal Actions: • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • &DUPLQDWLYH • VO UHOD[HVVPRRWKPXVFOHUHJXODWHV • *DODFWRJRJXH SHULVWDOWLFIXQFWLRQVRIWKH*,7DQGDUH FDUPLQDWLYHDQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • 3K\WRHVWURJHQLF • AnetholeKDVEHHQVKRZQWRKDYH HVWURJHQLFDFWLYLW\,VRPHUVDQGVHYHUDORWKHU Medicinal Uses: FRPSRXQGVLQWKH92KDYHEHHQVKRZQWR • ,VDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ UHOD[HVWKHVPRRWK KDYHDVLPLODUFKHPLFDOVWUXFWXUHWRWKDWRI PXVFOHVRIWKHLQWHVWLQHVWKXVUHOLHYLQJ DGUHQDOLQHDQGGRSDPLQHJLYLQJWKHSODQW JULSLQJDQGÀDWXOHQFH:LOODOVRUHOD[ DV\PSDWKRPLPHWLFDFWLRQRQWKHERG\ HJ EURQFKLDOVPRRWKPXVFOHVSDVPDQGLW %URQFKRGLODWLRQODFWRJHQHVLV XVHIXOLQEURQFKLWLV 198 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) 3KDUPDF\ • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFUXVKHGVHHGVFXS7,' 7KHODWLQQDPHIRUKD\³IUHQXP´JDYHULVH • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO WRERWKWKHVFLHQWL¿FQDPHDQG(QJOLVK ZHHNO\PD[ QDPHRIWKLVPHPEHURIWKHFDUURWIDPLO\ • 6HHGVJ4' 7KHIROLDJHGHSHQGLQJRQWKHYDULHW\ FDQEHEULJKWJUHHQUHGRUSXUSOH,WLV DQDWLYHRI,WDO\DQGLVRQHRIWKHPRVW 7R[LFLW\ DQFLHQWFXOWLYDWHGSODQWVHVSHFLDOO\ • (VVHQWLDORLOWR[LFGRVH POGD\DQG IDYRXUHGIRULWVFXOLQDU\XVHVKDYLQJD PD\FDXVHVNLQLUULWDWLRQQDXVHDYRPLWLQJ VZHHWZDUPDQGSOHDVXUDEOHWDVWH VHL]XUHVSXOPRQDU\HGHPDDQGOLYHU OHVLRQV F Contraindications: • ,QWHUQDOXVHRI(2GXULQJSUHJQDQF\ FRQFHQWUDWHGRLOLVDERUWLIDFLHQW Interactions: 1RQHNQRZQ References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arciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Fucus vesiculosis (Kelp/Bladderwrack) P :KROHSODQW 0XFLODJH PXFRSRO\VDFFKDULGHV C 7UDFHPLQHUDOV LRGLQH $QWLK\SRWK\URLG A $QWLUKHXPDWLF F 1XWULWLYH +\SRWK\URLG GXHWRLRGLQHGH¿FLHQF\ JRLWHU I 2EHVLW\ 7RSLFDOO\LQUKHXPDWLVP F Fucaceae Constituents: 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV DOLJQ • +LJKLRGLQHFRQWHQWSURPRWHV7 7 PXFRSRO\VDFFKDULGHV SURGXFWLRQ • 3KHQROLFFRPSRXQGV • )XFRLGDQFRPSRQHQWPD\PRGXODWH • 7UDFHPLQHUDOV LRGLQHXSWR ¿EUREODVWSUROLIHUDWLRQ 3KDUPDF\ Medicinal Actions: • $QWLK\SRWK\URLG • 'ULHG+HUE J4' • $QWLUKHXPDWLF • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ • &RQQHFWLYHWLVVXHWRQLF • )UHVKNHOSDVIRRG • 'HPXOFHQW (PROOLHQW • Vulnerary 7R[LFLW\ • 0D\SURGXFH*,7XSVHWDQGFKDQJHVLQ Medicinal Uses: XULQDWLRQEOHHGLQJWLPHEORRGSUHVVXUHDQG • 8VHGPRVWFRPPRQO\LQK\SRWK\URLG GXH PHQVWUXDWLRQ WRLRGLQHGH¿FLHQF\ JRLWHUZHLJKWORVV • ,RGLQHK\SHUVHQVLWLYLW\UHDFWLRQPD\LQFOXGH DQGUKHXPDWLVPDQGLQZRXQGUHSDLUZKHQ UDVKDQJLRHGHPDIHYHUDUWKUDOJLD DSSOLHGH[WHUQDOO\ 200 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Fucus vesiculosis (Kelp/Bladderwrack) Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQDQGH[FHVVLYHWK\URLG .HOSLVDJURXSRIEURZQDOJDHZLWK DFWLYLW\ K\SHUWK\URLGLVP ODUJHÀDWOHDIOLNHIURQGVWKDWDUHXVXDOO\ • $YRLGLQNQRZQDOOHUJ\WRVHDZHHGV DWWDFKHGWRURFNVLQIRRWVHDV IRXQGQDWLYHWRWKH3DFL¿F2FHDQ,WJHWV LVQDPHIURPWKH*UHHN³SK\NRV´ZKLFKLV Interactions: DGHULYDWLYHRI³SK\WHLQ´PHDQLQJWRJURZ • $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHWDFWLYLW\ LQUHIHUHQFHWRWKHSODQWVUHPDUNDEOH WKHRUHWLFDO OHQJWK7KHVSHFLHVQDPH³YHVLFXORVLV´LV IURPWKH/DWLQ³YHVLFXOD´PHDQLQJDOLWWOH • $QWLGLDEHWLFDJHQWV PD\GHFUHDVHEORRG YHVLFOHUHIHUULQJWRWKHDLUEOLVWHUVIRXQG sugar) LQWKHIURQG F • 3RWHQWLDOULVNIRUUHGXFHGELRDYDLODELOLW\RI DPLGDURQHDQWDJRQLVWLFHIIHFWVRQDQWL K\SHUWHQVLYHVHVWURJHQVDQGPD\LQFUHDVH HIIHFWVRIOD[DWLYHVDQGWK\URLGPHGLFDWLRQV References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arciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Galium aparine (Cleavers) P Aerial 3RO\SKHQROLFDFLGV C ,ULGRLGJO\FRVLGHV DVSHUXORVLGH Tannins $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A $OWHUDWLYH /\PSKDWLFWRQLF G (GHPD /\PSKDGHQRSDWK\ I 3HOYLF*HQLWRXULQDU\WUDFWLQIHFWLRQ ,QÀDPPDWRU\VNLQGLVRUGHUV F Rubiaceae Medicinal Actions: • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $OWHUDWLYH • Astringent • Diuretic • /\PSKDWLFWRQLF • Vulnerary Constituents: • 3RO\SKHQROLFDFLGV FDIIHLFJDOOLFVDOLF\OLF Medicinal Uses: FLWULF UXELFKORULF • ,QFUHDVHVO\PSKDWLFGUDLQDJH EUHDNV • ,ULGRLGJO\FRVLGHV DVSHUXORVLGH XSO\PSKDWLFFRQJHVWLRQ HQODUJHGO\PSK • 7DQQLQV JDOORWDQQLFDFLG QRGHV HVSHFLDOO\LQWKHSHOYLVDQGXULQDU\ WUDFWDQGLQJHQHUDOLVDO\PSKDWLFWRQLF • &RXPDULQV • ,VDVRRWKLQJDQGUHOD[LQJGLXUHWLF • )ODYRQRLGV GHPXOFHQWWRWKHXULQDU\WUDFWJLYLQJLW • *DOLRVLQ DUHGVXEVWDQFH LQGLFDWLRQLQF\VWLWLVXUHWKULWLVSURVWDWLWLV S\HORQHSKULWLVDQGHGHPDRINLGQH\RULJLQ 202 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Galium aparine (Cleavers) • $VDQDOWHUDWLYHFDQEHXVHGLQWHUQDOO\RU WRSLFDOO\IRULQÀDPPDWRU\VNLQGLVRUGHUV PLQRULQMXULHVDQGFRQGLWLRQVVXFKDVHF]HPD $FFRUGLQJWR0DWWKHZ:RRG*DOLXP DQGSVRULDVLV LVRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWUHPHGLHV • :LOOUHGXFHHGHPDRIWKHMRLQWVLQUKHXPDWRLG IRUVZROOHQJODQGVHVSHFLDOO\DURXQG DUWKULWLV WKHHDUVDQGGRZQWKHQHFN,WLV FRQVLGHUHGDFRROLQJKHUEDFWLQJ XSRQWKHERG\¶V³LQWHUQDOZDWHUV´ LH 3KDUPDFRORJ\ NLGQH\V O\PSKDWLFV • ,ULGRLGJO\FRVLGHVLQFOXGLQJDVSHUXORVLGH DUHPLOGO\OD[DWLYH SXUJDWLYH • FlavonoidsDUHVWURQJIUHHUDGLFDO VFDYHQJHUV KDYHSRWHQWDQWLR[LGDQWHIIHFWV G LQFDVHVRIGDPDJHGXHWRR[LGDWLYHVWUHVV • /LWWOHLVNQRZQRQWKHSKDUPFRG\QDPLFV 3KDUPDF\ • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSVWHHSPLQFXSV 7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ • )UHVKMXLFH PO7,' • 3RXOWLFHVNLQZDVKDVQHHGHG 7R[LFLW\ 1RQH Contraindications: 1RQHNQRZQ Interactions: 1RQHUHSRUWHG References: %RNKDUL-HWDO(YDOXDWLRQRIGLYHUVHDQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLWLHVRI*DOLXPDSDULQH 6SHFWURFKLP$FWD$0RO%LRPRO6SHFWURVF)HE &KXJKWDL%8VHRIKHUEDOVXSSOHPHQWVIRURYHUDFWLYHEODGGHU5HY8URO &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW 4XLQODQ)*DOLXP$SDULQHDVD5HPHG\IRU&KURQLF8OFHUV%U0HG--XQ :RRG07KH%RRNRI+HUEDO:LVGRP1RUWK$WODQWLF%RRNV&DOLIRQLD 0RQRJUDSKV 203 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) P )UXLWLQJERG\ 0\FR3RO\VDFFKDULGHV EHWD C D-glucans) 3K\WRVWHUROV $QWLR[LGDQW A &\WRWR[LF $QWLWXPRU ,PPXQHPRGXODWRU VWLPXODQW G &KURQLFLPPXQHGH¿FLHQF\DQG allergies Constituents: I &DQFHU PDVVLYHR[LGDWLYHGDPDJH • 0\FR3RO\VDFFKDULGHV EHWD'JOXFDQV 3URWHFWLRQDJDLQVWUDGLDWLRQ • 1XFOHRWLGHV DGHQRVLQH F • 1XWULHQWV =Q0J)H&X&DROHLFDFLG Polyporaceae SURWHLQVFKROLQH • &RXPDULQ Medicinal Uses: • 3K\WRVWHUROV JDQRGRVWHURQH • 3URYLGHVLPPXQRORJLFDOVXSSRUWDQG • $ONDORLG LPSURYHVWKHIXQFWLRQLQJDQGUHJXODWLRQRI WKHZKROHLPPXQHV\VWHP,VHVSHFLDOO\ KHOSIXOLQFKURQLFLPPXQHZHDNQHVVDQG Medicinal Actions: SRRUUHVLVWDQFHWRDLUERUQH UHVSLUDWRU\ • $GDSWRJHQ LQIHFWLRQV • $OWHUDWLYH • ,QKLELWVWKHUHOHDVHRIKLVWDPLQHDQG • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ UHGXFHVWKHLPPXQHUHVSRQVHWRLQKDOHGRU LQJHVWHGDOOHUJHQVHVSHFLDOO\WKRVHDOOHUJLHV • Antiplatelet PHGLDWHGE\LPPXQRJOREXOLQ( • $QWLR[LGDQW • &DQEHXVHGLQ cancer and other disease • &DUGLRWRQLF LQYROYLQJPDVVLYHR[LGDWLYHGDPDJH • &\WRWR[LF $QWLWXPRU LQFOXGLQJFKHPLFDOWR[LFLW\DQGOLYHUGDPDJH DQGDOVRDVDORQJWHUPSURSK\ODFWLFDQG • ([SHFWRUDQW UHJXODWRUIRUWKHFLUFXODWRU\V\VWHP • +\SRJO\FHPLF • ,W¶VDQWLR[LGDQWHIIHFWSURWHFWVDJDLQVW • +\SROLSLGHPLF UDGLDWLRQGDPDJHVRLWFDQEHXWLOL]HGLI • +\SRWHQVLYH H[SRVXUHWR;UD\VLVH[SHFWHGDQGUHGXFHV LQÀDPPDWLRQZLWKRXWLQWHUIHULQJLQWKHKHDOLQJ • ,PPXQHPRGXODWRU VWLPXODQW UHVSRQVH • 1HUYLQH7RQLF 6HGDWLYH 204 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) 3KDUPDFRORJ\ Contraindications: 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ • 0\FR3RO\VDFFKDULGHV E'JOXFDQV are DQWLWXPRULPPXQRVWLPXODQWK\SRJO\FHPLF Interactions: DQGFDUGLRWRQLF7KHVHDUHZDWHUVROXEOH FRQVWLWXHQWVDQGWKLVPD\DFFRXQWIRUWKH • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKDQWLFRDJXODQWV WUDGLWLRQDOXVHRI5HLVKLLQWHDVDQGVRXSVDV DQLPPXQHHQKDQFLQJKHUE References: • 1XFOHRWLGHV DGHQRVLQH LQKLELWSODWHOHW %KDUGZD1HWDO6XSSUHVVLRQRILQÀDPPDWRU\DQGDOOHUJLFUHVSRQVHVE\ SKDUPDFRORJLFDOO\SRWHQWIXQJXV*DQRGHUPDOXFLGXP5HFHQW3DW,QÀ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• 7ULWHUSHQHVLQKLELWKLVWDPLQHUHOHDVHDQG 9DQGHU+HP/HWDO/LQJ=KL VWXGLHVRIDQHZLPPXQRPRGXODWLQJDJHQW 7UDQVSODQWDWLRQ 6HS FKROHVWHUROV\WKHVLV :DFKWHO*DORU6HWDO(IIHFWRI*DQRGHUPDOXFLGXPRQKXPDQ'1$LVGRVH GHSHQGHQWDQGPHGLDWHGE\K\GURJHQSHUR[LGH5HGR[5HS • 2OHLFDFLGLVDQWLDOOHUJLFE\LQKLELWLQJ :DFKWHO*DORU6HWDO*DQRGHUPDOXFLGXP /LQJ]KLRU5HLVKL $0HGLFLQDO 0XVKURRP+HUEDO0HGLFLQH %LRPROHFXODUDQG&OLQLFDO$VSHFWVQGHGLWLRQ KLVWDPLQHUHOHDVH • 6WHUROVDFWDVKRUPRQHSUHFXUVRUVDQG KHSDWRSURWHFWHUV • $ONDORLGVDUHFDUGLRWRQLF • *DQRGRVWHURQHLVDQWLKHSDWRWR[LF 3KDUPDF\ • ,QIXVLRQ'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXS7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ • 3RZGHU J4' PD\EHDGGHGWRIRRG 7R[LFLW\ • :KHQFRPPHQFLQJWUHDWPHQWPDQ\SHRSOH H[SHULHQFHWUDQVLHQWFOHDQVLQJUHDFWLRQV VXFKDVSLPSOHVVRUHPXVFOHVGL]]LQHVV ERZHOGLVWXUEDQFHDQGLWFK\VNLQ7KHVHSDVV ZLWKLQDIHZGD\VDVWKHWR[LQVDUHHOLPLQDWHG IURPWKHERG\DQGFDQEHFRQWUROOHGE\ UHJXODWLQJWKHGDLO\GRVH 0RQRJUDSKV 205 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Gaultheria procumbens (Wintergreen) P ,QQHUURRWEDUN Methyl salicylates C 9RODWLOHRLO )ODYRQRLGV Analgesic A $QWLUKHXPDWLF 5XEHIDFLHQW G Constituents: • 9RODWLOHRLO 7RSLFDOO\LQPXVFXORVNHOHWDOSUREOHPV I • Methyl salicylates RIDOONLQGV HJDUWKULWLV P\DOJLD Medicinal Actions: F Ericaceae • Analgesic • $QWLUKHXPDWLF 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • Astringent • High in PHWK\OVDOLF\ODWHZKLFKFDQEH FRQYHUWHGLQWRVDOLF\OLFDFLGLQWKHERG\LV • &DUPLQDWLYH DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQGDWRSLFDODQDOJHVLF • Diuretic • (PPHQDJRJXH 3KDUPDF\ • 5XEHIDFLHQW • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXS%,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO Medicinal uses: ZHHNO\PD[ • ,WVPDLQXVHLVLQUHGXFLQJSDLQDQG • 3RXOWLFHORWLRQOLQLPHQWRIHVVHQWLDORLODSSOLHG LQÁDPPDWLRQDQGLVFRPPRQO\XVHGWR H[WHUQDOO\DVQHHGHG UHGXFHVZHOOLQJLQDFXWHDUWKULWLVDQGRWKHU MRLQWSUREOHPV,VXVXDOO\XVHGDVDOLQLPHQW LQPXVFXORVNHOHWDOSUREOHPVRIDOONLQGV 7R[LFLW\ • ,QWHUQDOO\LWZLOOKDYHGLXUHWLFHIIHFWEHFDXVH • /DUJHGRVHV ERWKLQWHUQDODQGWRSLFDO KDYH RILUULWDWLRQRIWKHNLGQH\DVZHOODV FDXVHGV\PSWRPVRIVDOLF\ODWHWR[LFLW\/DUJH VWLPXODWLQJDFWLRQRQPHQVWUXDWLRQ LQWHUQDOGRVHVRIWKHRLOKDYHFDXVHGGHDWK WKURXJKLQÀDPPDWLRQRIVWRPDFK 206 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Gaultheria procumbens (Wintergreen) Contraindications: • ,QWHUQDOXVHRIHVVHQWLDOFDQFDXVH :LQWHUJUHHQLVFRQVLGHUHGLQFUHGLEO\ JDVWURLQWHVWLQDOLUULWDWLRQDQGVKRXOGEH FRROLQJHQHUJHWLFDOO\,WLVLQFUHDVLQJO\DW DYRLGHGGXULQJSUHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ ULVNRIRYHUKDUYHVWLQJ VXVWDLQDELOLW\ LVVXHV,WKDVDUHODWHGVSHFLHV6DODO (Gaultheria shallon WKDWJURZVLQWKH Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ 1RUWKZHVWHUQ8QLWHG6WDWHV &DQDGD DQGKDVYHU\VLPLODUDSSOLFDWLRQVWKDW VKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGLQLWVSODFH 127( :LQWHJUHHQLVFRQVLGHUHGDQHQGDQ- JHUHGSODQW6XEVWLWXWH%LUFKHVVHQWLDORLO ZKHQHYHUSRVVLEOHIRUVLPLODUPHWK\OVDOLF\ODWH HIIHFWV G References: %HOO$HWDO$FXWHPHWK\OVDOLF\ODWHWR[LFLW\FRPSOLFDWLQJKHUEDOVNLQWUHDWPHQWIRU SVRULDVLV(PHUJ0HG )UHPDQWOH -XQ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW 0LFKHO3HWDO3RO\SKHQROLF3UR¿OH$QWLR[LGDQWDQG$QWL,QÀDPPDWRU\$FWLYLW\RI (DVWHUQ7HDEHUU\ *DXOWKHULDSURFXPEHQV/ /HDI([WUDFWV0ROHFXOHV'HF 0LORV1HWDO&KHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQDQGELRORJLFDODFWLYLW\RI*DXOWKHULD SURFXPEHQV/HVVHQWLDORLO,QGXVWULDO&URSVDQG3URGXFWV9ROXPH $XJXVW 3DJHV± :RORZLFK:HWDO3ODVPDVDOLF\ODWHIURPPHWK\OVDOLF\ODWHFUHDPFRPSDUHGWR RLORIZLQWHUJUHHQ-7R[LFRO&OLQ7R[LFRO 0RQRJUDSKV 207 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Gelsemium semperivrens (Yellow Jasmine) P 5RRW ,QGROH$ONDORLGV JHOVHPLQH C ,ULGRLGV &RXPDULQV Analgesic A $QWLVSDVPRGLF 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH +\SQRWLF G 6\PSWRPVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKQHUYRXV WHQVLRQRUDQ[LHW\ HJSDLQGLDUUKHD I 0LJUDLQHV QHXUDOJLD ,QVRPQLD F Loganiaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • ,QGROH$ONDORLGV JHOVHPLQHJHOVHPRLGLQH • +DVDSRWHQWDQGDQDOJHVLFDFWLRQWRZDUGV VHPSHUYLULQH JHOVHPLFLQH SDLQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKQHUYRXVWHQVLRQRU • ,ULGRLGV LUULWDELOLW\ • &RXPDULQV • 2IVSHFL¿FXVHIRUPDQDJLQJWKHSDLQRI PLJUDLQHVDQGLQWULJHPLQDOQHXUDOJLD as • Tannins ZHOODVV\PSWRPVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKQHUYRXV DQ[LHW\VXFKDVDQ[LHW\LQVRPQLDDQG GLDUUKHD Medicinal Actions: • Analgesic 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • ,QGROH$ONDORLGV JHOVHPLQH LVD&16 • )HEULIXJH GHSUHVVDQWZKLFKDFWVVLPLODUWRQLFRWLQH • +\SQRWLF FRFDLQH ¿UVWVWLPXODWHVQHXUDOIXQFWLRQDQG WKHQGHSUHVVHVLWZLWKDQRYHUDOOVHGDWLYH • 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH HIIHFW 208 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Gelsemium semperivrens (Yellow Jasmine) 3KDUPDF\ References: %RXVWD'HWDO1HXURWURSLFLPPXQRORJLFDODQGJDVWULFHIIHFWVRIORZGRVHV RI$WURSDEHOODGRQQD/*HOVHPLXPVHPSHUYLUHQV/DQG3RXPRQKLVWDPLQHLQ • 7LQFWXUH ±PO7,' RU VWUHVVHGPLFH-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO0DU VPDOOHUGRVHVPRUHIUHTXHQWO\ :HHNO\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW PD[LPXPGRVH PO -LQ*HWDO0HGLFLQDOSODQWVRIWKHJHQXV*HOVHPLXP *HOVHPLDFHDH *HQWLDQDOHV DUHYLHZRIWKHLUSK\WRFKHPLVWU\SKDUPDFRORJ\WR[LFRORJ\DQG WUDGLWLRQDOXVH-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO)HE 1RUL\XNL.HWDO6L[QHZLQGROHDONDORLGVIURP*HOVHPLXPVHPSHUYLUHQV 7HWUDKHGURQ/HWWHUV9ROXPH,VVXH $XJXVW3DJHV± 7R[LFLW\ 5XMMDQDZDWH&HWDO3KDUPDFRORJLFDOHIIHFWDQGWR[LFLW\RIDONDORLGVIURP *HOVHPLXPHOHJDQV-RXUQDORI(WKQRSKDUPDFRORJ\9ROXPH ,VVXH 1RYHPEHU3DJHV ± • $KLJKO\WR[LFKHUE =KDQJ=HWDO6WHURLGVDONDORLGVDQGFRXPDULQVIURP*HOVHPLXPVHPSHUYL- UHQV3ODQWD0HG'HF • 6LJQRIWR[LFLW\LQFOXGH LQWHUQDOVWUDELVPXV =KDQJ-HWDO*HOVHPLQHDSULQFLSDODONDORLGIURP*HOVHPLXPVHPSHUYLUHQV $LWH[KLELWVSRWHQWDQGVSHFL¿FDQWLQRFLFHSWLRQLQFKURQLFSDLQE\DFWLQJDW ZLWKGRXEOHYLVLRQDQGSWRVLVPXVFXODU VSLQDOĮJO\FLQHUHFHSWRUV3DLQ1RY =KDQJ-HWDO*HOVHPLXPDQDOJHVLDDQGWKHVSLQDOJO\FLQHUHFHSWRUDOORSUHJ- ZHDNQHVVJLGGLQHVVFRQYXOVLRQVVZHDWLQJ QDQRORQHSDWKZD\)LWRWHUDSLD-DQ & VORZHGVKDOORZDQGODERUHGUHVSLUDWLRQ GL]]LQHVVGLPLVKHGSXOVHORZHUHG G WHPSHUDWXUHDQGEORRGSUHVVXUHGURZVLQHVV EXWHDVLO\DURXVHGLQWHQVHDEGRPLQDO FUDPSVSDUDO\VLVGHDWKIURPUHVSLUDWRU\DQG FDUGLDFIDLOXUH Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\ /DFWDWLRQDQGLQWKRVHZLWK SRRUFLUFXODWLRQDZHDNKHDUWRU&9' Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ 0RQRJUDSKV 209 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Gentiana lutea (Gentian) P 5RRW ,ULGRLGJO\FRVLGHV ELWWHUSULQFLSOH C ;DQWKRQHGHULYDWLYHV )ODYRQRLGV Bitter A &KRODJRJXH (PPHQDJRJXH G +\SRFKORUK\GULD +HSDWRELOLDU\ LQVXI¿FLHQF\ I 0DODEVRUSWLRQ ORZDSSHWLWH %ORDWLQJ LQGLJHVWLRQ Medicinal Actions: • $QWLPLFURELDO • Bitter • &KRODJRJXH • (PPHQDJRJXH Constituents: • ,ULGRLGJO\FRVLGHV DPDURJHQWLQ JHQWLRSLFULQ ELWWHUSULQFLSOH Medicinal uses: • 7HUSHQRLGV • ,VFRQVLGHUHGRQHRIWKHFODVVLFELWWHUVDQG DVVXFKZLOOVWLPXODWHJDVWULF+&ODFLGDQG • 6XJDUV VDFFKDURVHJHQWLDQRVH ELOHVHFUHWLRQ JHQWLRELRVH ELWWHU • Is WRQLI\LQJWRWKHGLJHVWLYHWUDFWDQG • ;DQWKRQHGHULYDWLYHV JHQWLVLQJHQWLVHLQ VKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGIRUDOOSHUVRQVZKR LVRJHQWLVLQ KDYHZHDNRUVOXJJLVKGLJHVWLRQHJ)RRG • 3\ULGLQHDONDORLGV DOOHUJLHVEORDWLQJIXOOQHVVDIWHUHDWLQJ LPSDLUHGDSSHWLWHDQHPLD ZLOOLQFUHDVH)H • )ODYRQRLGV DEVRUSWLRQ DQGPDODEVRSUWLRQLVVXHV • 3KHQROLFDFLGV • $QWLPLFURELDOHIIHFWVYLDDELOLW\WRHQKDQFH +&ODFLGSURGXFWLRQ NLOOVHQWHULQJ SDWKRJHQV DQGKDVDGGLWLRQDOWR[LFDFWLYLW\ GLUHFWO\WRVRPHSDWKRJHQV 210 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Gentiana lutea (Gentian) 3KDUPDFRORJ\ References: $EHUKDP$HWDO4XDQWLWDWLYHDQDO\VLVRILULGRLGVVHFRLULGRLGV[DQWKRQHV DQG[DQWKRQHJO\FRVLGHVLQ*HQWLDQDOXWHD/URRWVE\53+3/&DQG/&±06 • ,ULGRLG*O\FRVLGHVJHQWLRSLFULQ -RXUQDORI3KDUPDFHXWLFDODQG%LRPHGLFDO$QDO\VLV9ROXPH,VVXH DPDURJHQWLQVWLPXODWHELWWHUWDVWHUHFHSWRUV 1RYHPEHU3DJHV± &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ LQWKHPRXWKWKDWUHÀ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• 'HFRFWLRQJFXSZDWHUFXSSUQ G • 7LQFWXUH POLQFXSZDWHU SUQPOZHHNO\PD[ ,Q7&0*HQWLDQKDVDFROG • 1RWH %LWWHUVDUHEHVWGRVHGPLQXWHV TXDOLW\DQGLVXVHGWRFOHDU EHIRUHPHDOVDQGVKRXOGEHVLSSHGVORZO\ KHDWDQGWUDQVIRUPGDPSQHVV RYHUPLQXWHV ,WVKRXOGWKHUHIRUHEHXVHG FDXWLRXVO\LQWKRVHZKRDOUHDG\ KDYHDFROGFRQVWLWXWLRQRUIRU 7R[LFLW\ ORQJSHULRGVRIWLPH • ,IJLYHQLQODUJHDPRXQWVZLOOLUULWDWHWKH ERZHOVFDXVH19DQGERXQGLQJSXOVHZLWK KHDGDFKH Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\ /DFWDWLRQ • ,QVLWXDWLRQVRIH[FHVVK\GURFKORULFDFLG SURGXFWLRQDQGLQZHDNFRQVWLWXWLRQVZLWK QHUYRXVV\VWHPLUULWDELOLW\LQWKDWLWWHQGVWR DJJUDYDWH Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ 127( $FFRUGLQJWRKXPRUDOPHGLFDOWKHRU\ *HQWLDQLVPRVWLQGLFDWHGIRU³PHODQFKROLD´ ZKLFKRIWHQPDQLIHVWVDVOLYHUFRQJHVWLRQRU FDXVLQJJORRP\WKRXJKWV 0RQRJUDSKV 211 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Germanium maculataum (American Cranesbill) P 5RRW Tannins C 5HVLQRXVFRPSRXQGV Astringent A Styptic Vulnerary G 0XFRXVPHEUDQHVZLWKSURIXVH GLVFKDUJH HJEOHHGLQJGLDUUKHD I 7RSLFDOO\IRUXOFHUV ODFHUDWLRQV *DUJOHZDVKIRUSKDU\QJLWLVYDJLQLWLV F Geraniaceae • :KHQDSSOLHGWRSLFDOO\ZLOOKHOSDOOD\ EOHHGLQJIURPXOFHUV ODFHUDWLRQVZKLOH VKRUWHQLQJWKHKHDOLQJWLPH • &DQEHJDUJOHGIRUPRXWKXOFHUVDQG Constituents: LQÀDPPDWRU\SKDU\QJLWLVRUXVHGDVD • 7DQQLQV XSWR GRXFKHIRUYDJLQLWLVLQRUGHUWRUHGXFH • 5HVLQRXVFRPSRXQGV H[XGDWHDQGEOHHGLQJLISUHVHQW 3KDUPDFRORJ\ Medicinal Actions: • Astringent • Tannins SUHFLSLWDWHSURWHLQV LQFOXGLQJWKRVH RQFHOOVXUIDFHV UHVXOWLQJLQDSURWHFWLYH • 6W\SWLF +HPRVWDWLF FRDWLQJRYHUWKHFHOOPHPEUDQHDVZHOODV • Vulnerary PHFKDQLFDOVKULQNDJHRIWKHFHOOUHGXFLQJ SDVVLYHGLIIXVLRQRXWRIWKHFHOO,WVDELOLW\ WRSXOOWLVVXHVWRJHWKHUOHQGLWVVHFUHWRO\WLF Medicinal uses: DFWLYLW\DQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLRQV • $VDSRZHUIXODVWULQJHQW KHPRVWDWLFLV • 1RWH 7DQQLQVDUHSRRUO\DEVRUEHGWKHUHIRUH VSHFL¿FDOO\LQGLFDWHGIRUUHOD[HGPXFRXV WKHDFWLRQLVSULPDULO\RQWKHWLVVXHZLWK WLVVXHVZLWKSURIXVH GHELOLWDWLQJ ZKLFKLWFRPHVLQWRFRQWDFW7KXVWKHGLUHFW GLVFKDUJHV HJ,QWHVWLQDOEOHHGLQJ HIIHFWVRILQJHVWHGWDQQLQVDUHORFDOL]HGWR FKURQLFPXFRXVGLDUUKHD,%68&ÀDUHV WKHJDVWURLQWHVWLQDOWUDFW SDVVLYHKHPRUUKDJHVJDVWULFXOFHU 212 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Germanium maculataum (American Cranesbill) 3KDUPDF\ • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXS VLPPHUPLQ FXS7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ • 7RSLFDOO\DVGRXFKHZDVKRUJDUJOH 7R[LFLW\ • 8VHZLWKFDXWLRQLQSHRSOHZLWKVSDVWLFGU\ FRQVWLSDWLRQRUWKRVHRQWDNLQJDQWLFKROLQHUJLF PHGLFDWLRQVDVLWPD\OSRWHQWLDWHVPRRWK PXVFOHLUULWDELOLW\ G Contraindications: • &RQVWLSDWLRQLURQGH¿FLHQF\DQGPDOQXWULWLRQ Interactions: • 0D\LQWHUIHUHZLWKWKHDEVRUSWLRQRI PHGLFDWLRQVQXWULHQWVDQGPLQHUDOV References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arciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo) P /HDI )ODYRQRLGV C 7HUSHQRLGODFWRQHV JLQNJROLGHV 3URDQWKRF\DQLGLQV $QWLR[LGDQW A &HUHEUDOFLUFXODWRU\VWLPXODQW 1HXURSURWHFWLYH G 3RRUPHPRU\ FRQFHQWUDWLRQ 3HULSKHUDO FHUHEUDOYDVFXODU I LQVXI¿FLHQF\ 3UHYHQWLRQRIDJHUHODWHGFRJQLWLYH GLVRUGHUV F Ginkgoaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • )ODYRQRLGV TXHUFHWLQNDHPSIHURO • ,PSURYHVEUDLQPHWDEROLVPRIJOXFRVHDQG • 7HUSHQRLGODFWRQHV ELORELOLGHV R[\JHQZKLOHSURPRWLQJEORRGÁRZWRWKH JLQNJROLGHV$% & EUDLQLPSURYLQJPHPRU\FRQFHQWUDWLRQ DQGEUDLQIXQFWLRQ • 3URDQWKRF\DQLGLQV • $QDQWLFRDJXODQWZLWKVWURQJDQWLR[LGDQW • *LQNJROLFDFLG WR[LF HIIHFWVLVDOVRXVHIXOLQSHULSKHUDOYDVFXODU • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV GLVHDVHDQGUHVWULFWHGEORRGÀRZIRUDQ\ UHDVRQ • :D[HV • &DQLQKLELWSODWHOHWDJJUHJDWLRQUHOD[EORRG • 3K\WRVWHUROV VLWRVWHURO YHVVHOV LPSURYHWKHLUWRQHDQGFDQEHXVH Medicinal Actions: WRSLFDOO\DVDQDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • 0D\EHHI¿FDFLRXVLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIDZLGH DUUD\RIFRQGLWLRQVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDJH • $QWLR[LGDQW UHODWHGSK\VLFDODQGPHQWDOGHWHULRUDWLRQ • $QWLSODWHOHWDQWLWKURPERWLF LQFOXGLQJ$O]KHLPHU¶VGLVHDVHVHQLOH • $QWLVSDVPRGLF GHPHQWLDFDUGLRYDVFXODUGLVHDVH FHUHEUDO YDVFXODULQVXI¿FLHQF\DQGLPSDLUHGFHUHEUDO • &HUHEUDO FLUFXODWRU\VWLPXODQW SHUIRUPDQFH • 1HXURSURWHFWLYH FRJQLWLYHHQKDQFHU • 3HULSKHUDOYDVRGLODWRU 214 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo) 3KDUPDFRORJ\ DJHQWV 16$,'6$6$ • Flavonoids DUHDQWLR[LGDQWDQGSURWHFWEORRG • 0D\DQWDJRQL]HHIIHFWVRIDQWL YHVVHOVEUDLQDQGKHDUWIURPIUHHUDGLFDO K\SHUWHQVLYHVWKLD]LGHGLXUHWLFV GDPDJH7KH\DOVRLQFUHDVHR[\JHQDQG DOSUD]RODPDQWLFRQYXOVDQWVRPHSUD]ROH JOXFRVHXWLOL]DWLRQ EORRGÀRZWKHUHIRUH SULORVHFDQGQLFDUGLSLQH LPSURYLQJWLVVXHR[\JHQDWLRQDQGQXWULWLRQ • :LWKDQWLGLDEHWLFDJHQWVPD\LQFUHDVHGUXJ • *LQNJROLGHVPD\EHUHVSRQVLEOHIRU PHWDEROLVPDQGEORRGVXJDU QHXURSURWHFWLYHHIIHFWV • $QWLSV\FKRWLFV HJ5LVSHULGRQHPD\ • *LQNJROLGH%LVDSRWHQWSODWHOHWDFWLYDWLQJ FDXVHSULDSLVP DQGPD\LQGXFHK\SRPDQLD IDFWRUDQWDJRQLVWDQGKHOSVVXSSUHVV LQFRPELQDWLRQZLWK665,V0$2,V FHUHEUDOYDVRVSDVP WUD]DGRQH7&$VEXVSLURQHDQG6W 3KDUPDF\ -RKQ¶V:RUWPD\LQFUHDVHULVNRIVHURWRQLQ V\QGURPHDQGVHL]XUHV0D\LQFUHDVHULVNRI G • ,QIXVLRQ WEVSFXSLQIXVHPLQ7,' VHL]XUHZKHQFRPELQHGZLWKDQ\PHGLFDWLRQ • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO NQRZQWRORZHUVHL]XUHWKUHVKROG ZHHNO\PD[ References: $050RQRJUDSK*LQNJR%LORED$OW0HG5HYLHZ9ROXPH1XPEHU %LUNV- *ULPOH\(YDQV-*LQJNRELOREDIRUFRJQLWLYHLPSDLUPHQWDQGGHPHQ- • 6WDQGDUGL]HG([WUDFWFDSVXOHV PJ WLD&RFKUDQH'DWDEDVHRI6\VWHPDWLF5HYLHZV ,VVXH 4'%,' &DQWHU3 (UQVW(*LQJNRELORED DVPDUWGUXJ"3V\FKRSKDUPDFRORJ\ %XOOHWLQ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ • 1RWH 0D\WDNHZHHNVWRVHHHIIHFWV 3RVW (UQVW(7KHULVNEHQH¿WSUR¿OHRIFRPPRQO\XVHGKHUEDOWKHUDSLHV JLQNJR 3DXVHZHHNVHYHU\PRQWKV 6W-RKQ:RUWJLQVHQJ(FKLQDFHDVDZSDOPHWWRDQGNDYD$QQ,QWHUQ0HG 7R[LFLW\ *DE\$*LQNJRELOREDH[WUDFW $UHYLHZ$OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH5HYLHZ9ROXPH 1XPEHU ,KO5(IIHFWVRI*LQNJRELOREDH[WUDFW(*ELQGHPHQWLDZLWKQHXURSV\FKL- • +\SHUVHQVLWLYLW\UHDFWLRQVVXFKDVDOOHUJLF DWULFIHDWXUHV UHYLHZRIUHFHQWO\FRPSOHWHGUDQGRPLVHGFRQWUROOHGWULDOV,QW- 3V\FKLDWU\&OLQ3UDFW1RY 6XSSO GHUPDWLWLV0D\FDXVHGU\PRXWKDQGVOHHS 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH GLVWXUEDQFH 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ • 5DZRUIUHVKOHDIPD\FDXVH*,GLVFRPIRUW GL]]LQHVV • )UXLWQXWFRQVXPSWLRQ HU\WKHPDHGHPD YHVLFOHVDQGVHYHUH*,7LUULWDWLRQ Contraindications: • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKSDWLHQWVRQDQWLFRDJXODQWRU DQWLSODWHOHWPHGLFDWLRQVXFKDVZDUIDULQDQG DVSLULQLQFDVHVRIH[FHVVLYHEOHHGLQJRU ZLWKLQGD\VSULRUWRVXUJHU\ • $YRLGLIRQDQWLFRQYXOVDQWVRU7&$VDQGZLWK KLVWRU\RIEOHHGLQJRUVHL]XUHGLVRUGHU • .QRZQK\SHUVHQVLWLYLW\ Interactions: • 0D\LQFUHDVHULVNRIEOHHGV FDVHUHSRUWVRI VXEGXUDOKHPDWRPD ZKHQFRPELQHGZLWK DFHWDPLQRSKHQDQWLFRDJXODQWVDQWLSODWHOHW 0RQRJUDSKV 215 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) P 5KL]RPH 7ULWHUSHQHVDSRQLQV C )ODYRQRLGV ,VRÀDYRQHV 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV $GDSWRJHQ $GUHQDOUHVWRUDWLYH A $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ 'HPXOFHQW G 8OFHUV *,7LQÀDPPDWLRQ HJ *(5' ,%' I $GUHQDOLQVXI¿FLHQF\ 5KHXPDWLVP F Fabaceae Constituents: • /D[DWLYH PLOG • 7ULWHUSHQHVDSRQLQV JO\F\UUKL]LQ Medicinal uses: JO\F\UUKL]LF JO\F\UUKHWLQLFDFLG • ,VVSHFL¿FIRUWKHWUHDWPHQWRISHSWLFXOFHUV • )ODYRQRLGV LVRÀDYRQRLGV :LOOVRRWKHJDVWURLQWHVWLQDOLQÁDPPDWLRQ • 3K\WRVWHUROV DQGLUULWDWLRQVVXFKDV*(5'JDVWULWLVDQG ,%' • 0XFLODJH 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV JOXFDQV OLJQDQV VWDUFK • $OVRXVHGIRUDGUHQDOLQVXIÀFLHQF\ FRUWLFRVWHURLGZLWKGUDZDODQG$GGLVRQ¶V • &RXPDULQV GLVHDVH • 9RODWLOHRLOV • ,QÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQVDOVREHQH¿WIURP • $PLQRDFLGV LWVXVHVXFKDVDOOHUJLHVDQGDXWRLPPXQH GLVHDVHDQGO\PHGLVHDVH Medicinal Actions: • $UHVSLUDWRU\DPSKRWHULFDFWLRQIRUGU\DQG • $GDSWRJHQ $GUHQDOUHVWRUDWLYH VSDVPRGLFFRXJKV • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • )RUUKHXPDWLVPPXVFOHVSDVP FUDPSV • $QWLPLFURELDO DQGMRLQWLQÀDPPDWLRQLWFDQEHXVHGERWK LQWHUQDOO\DQGWRSLFDOO\ • $QWLVSDVPRGLF 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • 'HPXOFHQW 9XOQHUDU\ • Triterpene saponins JO\F\UUKL]LQ • ([SHFWRUDQW JO\F\UUKL]LFDFLG LQKLELWJURZWKRI+,9 • +HSDWRSURWHFWLYH '1$51$YLUXVHV([KLELWVWHURLGOLNHDQWL 216 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) LQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWVVLPLODUWRK\GURFRUWLVRQH GLVRUGHUVHGHPDDVVRFLDWHGZLWKKHDUW LQSDUWGXHWRLQKLELWLRQRISKRVSKROLSDVH$ IDLOXUHOLYHUSUREOHPVNLGQH\LQVXI¿FLHQF\ DFWLYLW\ K\SRNDOHPLDK\SRWK\URLGLVP¿EURF\VWLF EUHDVWVPDOHLQIHUWLOLW\RUHUHFWLOH • *O\F\UUKHWLQLFDFLGLVDQDJO\FRQHVLPLODU WRQDWXUDOFRUWLFRVWHURLGVZKLFKKDYHDQ G\VIXQFWLRQ DGUHQRFRUWLFRPLPHWLFDFWLRQ • 3UHJQDQF\ODFWDWLRQDQGZKHQRQGLDO\VLV • )ODYRQRLGVDQGLVRÁDYRQRLGV are anti- Interactions: PLFURELDODQGPLOGO\HVWURJHQLF • 3RWHQWLDOO\ZLWKDQWLDUUK\WKPLFV • 3K\WRVWHUROVKDYHDQHVWURJHQLFDFWLRQ DQWLFRDJXODQWVDQWLGLDEHWLF • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV JOXFDQV DUHGHPXOFHQW DJHQWVDQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHVGLXUHWLFV LPPXQRVXSSUHVVDQWVFDUGLDFJO\FRVLGHV 3KDUPDF\ FRUWLFRVWHURLGV0$2,VEORRGSUHVVXUH PHGLFDWLRQVVSLURQRODFWRQHKRUPRQDO • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSVLPPHUPLQ7,' G WKHUDSLHVOD[DWLYHVDQG.GHSOHWLQJ • 7LQFWXUH PO4'POZHHNO\ PHGLFDWLRQV PD[ • 7KHUHLVDQLQFUHDVHGOLNHOLKRRGRIFDUGLDF • 3RZGHUHGURRW J7,' DUUK\WKPLDVSDUWLFXODUO\LQLQGLYLGXDOVZLWK • 1RWH '*/ GHJO\F\UUKLQL]HGOLFRULFH LVD LVFKHPLFKHDUWGLVHDVHZKHQXVHGLQ SUHSDUDWLRQZKHUHPRVWRIWKHJO\F\UUKHWLQLF FRQMXQFWLRQZLWKGLJR[LQ DFLGKDVEHHQUHPRYHG,QKLELWVWKH • (VWURJHQEDVHGRUDOFRQWUDFHSWLYHVPD\ IRUPDWLRQRIXOFHUVDQGSURWHFWVJDVWULF HQKDQFHPLQHUDOFRUWLFRLGVLGHHIIHFWV PXFRVDDJDLQVWGDPDJH References: 7R[LFLW\ $050RQRJUDSK*O\F\UUKL]DJODEUD$OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH5HYLHZ9ROXPH 1XPEHU $O'XMDLOLD(HWDO/LTXRULFHDQGJO\F\UUKHWLQLFDFLGLQFUHDVH'+($DQGGHR[\- • 0LQLPDODGYHUVHHIIHFWVLILQWDNHLVOHVVWKDQ FRUWLFRVWHURQHOHYHOVLQYLYRDQGLQYLWURE\LQKLELWLQJDGUHQDO68/7$DFWLYLW\ 0ROHFXODUDQG&HOOXODU(QGRFULQRORJ\ ± PJGD\ $UPDQLQL'HWDO$I¿QLW\RI/LFRULFHGHULYDWLYHVIRUPLQHUDOFRUWLFRLGDQG JOXFRFRUWLFRLGUHFHSWRUV&OLQLFDO(QGRFULQRORJ\ • 0D\FDXVH*,7XSVHWHGHPDDQGWHPSRUDU\ $UPDQLQL'HWDO+LVWRU\RI(QGRFULQHHIIHFWVRI/LFRULFH([S&OLQ(QGRFULQRO 'LDEHWHV YLVXDOGLVWXUEDQFH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW )UDQFLQL3HVHQWL)HWDO/LTXRULFHLQGXFHG+\SRNDODHPLDDQG:DWHU5HWHQWLRQ • /RQJWHUPXVHPD\UHGXFHWK\URLGIXQFWLRQ LQWKH$EVHQFHRI+\SHUWHQVLRQ3K\WRWKHU5HV± DQGEDVDOPHWDEROLFUDWH ,VEUXFNHU5HWDO5LVNDQGVDIHW\DVVHVVPHQWRQWKHFRQVXPSWLRQRI/LFRULFH URRW *O\F\UUKL]DVS LWVH[WUDFWDQGSRZGHUDVDIRRGLQJUHGLHQWZLWKHPSKDVLV RQWKHSKDUPDFRORJ\DQGWR[LFRORJ\RIJO\F\UUKL]LQ5HJXODWRU\7R[LFRORJ\DQG • +LJKGRVHVRIORQJWHUPXVHPD\FDXVH 3KDUPDFRORJ\ ± 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH KHDGDFKHVHL]XUHVDUUK\WKPLDDPHQRUUKHD 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ J\QHRPDVWLDDQGK\SHUPLQHUDOFRUWLFRLGLVP • 0D\DQWDJRQL]HDJRQL]HHVWURJHQUHFHSWRUV GHFUHDVHWHVWRVWHURQHDQGLQFUHDVH37+ • 3VHXGRK\HURDOGRVWHURQLVPPD\PDQLIHVWDV VXSSUHVVLRQRIUHQLQDQJLRWHQVLVDOGRVWHURQH D[LVFDUGLDFDUUHVW&+)HGHPD K\SRNDOHPLDDQG+71 Contraindications: • 8VHZLWKFDXWLRQLQDXWRLPPXQHGLVHDVH DQHPLDK\SHUWHQVLRQFDUGLRYDVFXODU 0RQRJUDSKV 217 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | *XDLDFXPRI¿FLQDOH /LIH+HDUW:RRG P /HDYHV %DUN 5HVLQDFLGV C 6DSRQLQV /LJQDQV $OWHUDWLYH A $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ $QWLUKHXPDWLF G ,QÀDPPDWRU\ 5KHXPDWLF I FRPSODLQWV HJP\DOJLD DUWKULWLV ERWKWRSLFDOO\ LQWHUQDOO\ F Zygophyllaceae Constituents: • 5HVLQDFLGV JXDLD]XOHQHJXDLDFRQLF • ([SHFWRUDQW JXDLDQHWLFDQGJXDLDFLF • 5XEHIDFLHQW • 7ULWHUSHQRLG6DSRQLQV JXDLDQLQ5 Medicinal uses: RI¿FLJHQLQ • $QDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\WKDWSURPRWHV • 3RO\WHUSHQRLGV FLUFXODWLRQDQGFOHDUVWR[LQVIURPWLVVXHV • Vanillin • ,VVSHFL¿FIRUUKHXPDWLFFRPSODLQWV HJ • /LJQDQV IXURJXDLDFLGLQIXURJXDLDR[LGLQ FKURQLFUKHXPDWLVPDQGUKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV FRQWDLQLQJHVVHQWLDORLOJXDMRO ZKHUHLQÀDPPDWLRQDQGSDLQLVSUHVHQWDQG SDUWLFXODUO\ZKHQDQDVWULQJHQWLVQHHGHG • 3K\WRVWHUROV • ,WZLOODLGLQWKHWUHDWPHQWDQGSUHYHQWLRQRI JRXWDQGSURPRWHVWKHH[FUHWLRQRIXULFDFLG Medicinal Actions: • &DQEHXVHGLQWHUQDOO\DQGWRSLFDOO\ • $OWHUDWLYH ,QFUHDVHVFLUFXODWLRQDQGHDVHVSDLQZKHQ UXEEHGLQWRSDLQIXOMRLQWV • Analgesic • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $QWLPLFURELDO • $QWLUKHXPDWLF • Astringent • Diuretic 218 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak *XDLDFXPRI¿FLQDOH /LIH+HDUW:RRG 3KDUPDFRORJ\ References: $KPDG9HWDO7ULWHUSHQRLGVDSRQLQIURPWKHEDUNRI*XDLDFXPRI¿FLQDOH/ 1DW3URG5HV$SU • 9HU\OLWWOHLVNQRZQ $KPDG9HWDO2I¿FLJHQLQDQHZVDSRJHQLQRIXDLDFXPRI¿FLQDOH-1DW 3URG • ResinsDUHFRQVLGHUHGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ $KPDG98HWDO*XDLDQLQDQHZVDSRQLQIURP*XDLDFXPRII-1DW3URG UXELIDFLHQWWKURXJKFRXQWHULUULWDQWHIIHFWV &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW 'XZLHMXD0HWDO$QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLYLW\RI3RO\JRQXPELVWRUWD*XDLDFXP • /LJQDQV IRXQGZLWKLQWKHUHVLQ DUH RI¿FLQDOHDQG+DPDPHOLVYLUJLQLDQDLQUDWV-3KDUP3KDUPDFRO FRQVLGHUHGUHVSRQVXLEOHIRUDQWLPLFURELDO $SU .UDWRFKYLO-HWDO,VRODWLRQDQGFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRIDJXDLDFRQLFDFLGDQGWKH DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWV QDWXUHRIJXDLDFXPEOXH3K\WRFKHPLVWU\ .LQJ)7KHFKHPLVWU\RIH[WUDFWLYHVIURPKDUGZRRGV7KHOLJQDQVRI*XDLD- FXPRI¿FLQDOH/-&KHP6RF 3KDUPDF\ 0DMXPGHU3HWDO6WUXFWXUHRIIXURJXDLDFLGLQ DQHZIXUDQRLGOLJQDQRIWKH KHDUWZRRGRI*XDLDFXPRI¿FLQDOH/&KHQL,QG • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSVLPPHUPLQ 0DMXPGHU3HWDO)XURJXDLDR[LGLQDQHZHQHGLRQHOLJQDQRI*XDLDFXP RI¿FLQDOH DQRYHOPHWKRGRIVHTXHQWLDOLQWURGXFWLRQRIDONR[\IXQFWLRQVLQWKH FXS7,' DQGPHWK\OJURXSVRIGLDU\OGLPHUK\OIXUDQV-&6&KHP&RPPXQ 9LGDO)/LJQXPYLWDH WKHSDQDFHDRIWKHWKFHQWXU\&KLU'HQW)U 1RY • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ G • )ULFWLRQUXEOLQLPHQW WLQFWXUHRYHUUKHXPDWLF DUHD 7R[LFLW\ 0D\FDXVH*,7XSVHWDQGRUFRQWDFW GHUPDWLWLV Contraindications: • Also called Guiacum, Lifewood, • 3UHJQDQF\ODFWDWLRQNLGQH\VWRQHV Ligum vitae • &DXWLRQZLWKJDVWULWLV SHSWLFXOFHUVKLJK UHVLQFRQWHQWPD\OHDGWRVWRPDFKXSVHW • $YRLGLQDOOHUJLF LQÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQV Interactions: • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKDQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHV 0RQRJUDSKV 219 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | +DPDPHOLVYLUJLQLFXV :LWFKKD]HO P /HDYHV %DUN 7DQQLQV K\GURO\]DEOH FRQGHQVHG C )ODYRQRLGV 92 $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A $QWLR[LGDQW Astringent 7RSLFDOO\LQKHPRUUKRLGVYDULFRVH YHLQVEUXLVLQJ HGHPD H I :DVKIRUOHXNRUUKHD YDJLQLWLV $QFH DQWLDJLQJRIWKHVNLQ F Hamameliadaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • /HDYHV 7DQQLQV K\GURO\]DEOH • 6KRXOGRQO\EHXVHGWRSLFDOO\IRUWKH JDOORWDQQLQV FRQGHQVHGFDWHFKLQVDQG WUHDWPHQWRIKHPRUUKRLGVYDULFRVHYHLQV SURDQWKRF\DQLQ ÀDYRQRLGVTXHUFLWLQ92 EUXLVHVDQGLQÁDPHGVZHOOLQJV VNLQ • %DUN 7DQQLQV K\GURO\]DEOH disorders HJHF]HPDGHUPDWLWLV ,IXVHG KDPDPHOLWDQQLQV FRQGHQVHG LQDYDJLQDOGRXFKHLWZLOODGGUHVVSXUXOHQW GJDOORFDWHFKLQOHSLJDOORFDWHFKLQ PXFXVGLVFKDUJHIURPLQÀDPHGWLVVXHVDV OHSLFDWHFKLQ VDSRQLQV92UHVLQ ZHOODVEORRGORVV • ,WVDQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\FDQEHXVHIXOWRZDUGV DQWLDJLQJDQGDQWLZULQNOLQJRIWKHVNLQ Medicinal Actions: • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • $QWLHGHPDWRXV • 3URDQWKRF\DQLGLQVDUHSRWHQWLQKLELWRUVRI • $QWLR[LGDQW OLSR[\JHQDVHDQG3$)LQYLWUR • Astringent • Tannins +DPDPHOLWDQQLQ GHPRQVWUDWHGLQ • $QWLPLFURELDO YLWURDQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\ LQKLELWVVXSHUR[LGH DQLRQUDGLFDOV DQGSURWHFWHGPXULQH • &RPHGRO\WLF VNLQ¿EUREODVWVIURPGDPDJHLQGXFHGE\ • Vulnerary 89%LUUDGLDWLRQDQGKXPDQH[SHULPHQWV KDYHGHPRQVWUDWHGVXSSUHVVLRQRI89% 220 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak +DPDPHOLVYLUJLQLFXV :LWFKKD]HO PHGLDWHGVXQEXUQZLWKWRSLFDODSSOLFDWLRQRI Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ +DPDPHOLVORWLRQ • 7RSLFDODSSOLFDWLRQRIOHDIH[WUDFWSURGXFHVD References: VLJQL¿FDQWUHGXFWLRQLQVNLQWHPSHUDWXUHDQG &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW YDVRFRQVWULFWLYHDFWLYLW\ 'DXHU$3RO\PHULFSURDQWKRF\DQLGLQVIURPWKHEDUNRI+DPDPHOLVYLUJLQLDQD 3ODQWD0HG-DQ (QJHO56WXG\RQWKHFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHYRODWLOHIUDFWLRQRI+DPDPHOLV • +DPDPHOLVFRQFHQWUDWHH[KLELWHGVLJQL¿FDQW YLUJLQLDQD3ODQWD0HG $SU DQWLYLUDODFWLYLW\DJDLQVWKHUSHVVLPSOH[YLUXV 0DF.D\'+HPRUUKRLGVDQGYDULFRVHYHLQV DUHYLHZRIWUHDWPHQWRSWLRQV $OWHUQ0HG5HY$SU W\SHLQYLWUR 7KHLVHQ/HWDO7DQQLQVIURP+DPDPHOLVYLUJLQLDQDEDUNH[WUDFW FKDUDFWHUL]D- WLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQWRIWKHDQWLYLUDOHI¿FDF\DJDLQVWLQÀXHQ]D$YLUXVDQG KXPDQSDSLOORPDYLUXV3/R62QH-DQ H 9HQDW%HWDO7DQQLQVIURP+DPDPHOLVYLUJLQLDQD ,GHQWL¿FDWLRQRI3URDQWKR- F\DQLGLQVDQG+DPDPHOLWDQLQ4XDQWL¿FDWLRQLQ/HDI%DUNDQG6WHP([WUDFWV 3KDUPDF\ 3ODQWDPHGLFD :DQJ+HWDO'HWHUPLQDWLRQRIKDPDPHOLWDQQLQFDWHFKLQVDQGJDOOLFDFLG LQZLWFKKD]HOEDUNWZLJDQGOHDIE\+3/&-3KDUP%LRPHG$QDO1RY • 7RSLFDOO\XVHRQO\DVGLVWLOOHGZLWFKKD]HO ZDWHU&UHDP3RXOWLFH&RPSUHVVHWF H 7R[LFLW\ • +\GURO\VDEOHWDQQLQVZKLFKDUHEURNHQGRZQ UHDGLO\E\DFLGDONDOLRUFHUWDLQHQ]\PHV WR\LHOGJDOOLFRUHOODJLFDFLGDQGXOWLPDWHO\ S\URJDOOROZKLFKLVDQWLVHSWLFFDXVWLFDQG KHSDWRWR[LF Contraindications: • ,QWHUQDOXVHGXHWRK\GURO\]DEOHWDQQLQV 0RQRJUDSKV 221 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | +DUSDJRSK\WXPSURFXPEHQV 'HYLO¶V&ODZ P 7XEHU 6HFRQGDU\URRWV ,ULGRLGJO\FRVLGHV KDUSDJRVLGH C )ODYRQRLGV 3KHQROLFDFLGV $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A $QWLR[LGDQW $QWLUKHXPDWLF $UWKULWLV UKHXPDWRLG RVWHRDUWKULWLV H I 7HQGRQLWLV 06.GHJHQHUDWLYH GLVHDVH F Pedaliaceae Constituents: DQWLDUWKULWLFDSSOLFDWLRQDUHLWVDQDOJHVLF • ,ULGRLGJO\FRVLGHV KDUSDJRVLGH DQGYDVRGLODWRU\HIIHFWV&DQEHXVHGLQ KDUSDJLGHSURFXPELGH WHQGRQLWLVDQGWRWUHDWGHJHQHUDWLYHGLVHDVHV RIWKHPXVFXORVNHOHWDOV\VWHP • )ODYRQRLGV • 3KHQROLFDFLGV +DUSDJRTXLQRQH 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • 3K\WRVWHUROV EHWDVLWRVWHUROVWLJPDVWHURO • 7KHSKDUPDFRNLQHWLFVRIGHYLO¶VFODZDQGLW¶V LULGRLGJO\FRVLGHV KDUSDJRVLGH KDYHQRW Medicinal Actions: EHHQZHOOHVWDEOLVKHG,QGHHGWKHUHLVVRPH FRQWURYHUV\RQWKHDFWLRQRIWKHVWRPDFKRU • Analgesic DFLGK\GURO\VLVRQWKHH[WUDFWDQGLWVDFWLYH • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ LQJUHGLHQWV • $QWLR[LGDQW • ,WLVFOHDUIURPWKHUHVHDUFKWKDWKDUSDJRVLGH DORQHLVOHVVHIIHFWLYHIRUDOOHYLDWLQJSDLQWKDQ • $QWLUKHXPDWLF ZKROHH[WUDFWVRIWKHWXEHULQGLFDWLQJWKDW • 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH RWKHUFRPSRXQGVDUHLQYROYHGLQWKHKHUE¶V HIIHFWV Medicinal uses: • 2IWHQXVHGLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIDUWKULWLV 3KDUPDF\ DQGKDVVLJQL¿FDQWDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSVLPPHUPLQFXS DFWLYLW\2WKHUDFWLRQVWKDWDLGLQLWV 7,'IRUDWOHDVWPRQWK 222 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak +DUSDJRSK\WXPSURFXPEHQV 'HYLO¶V&ODZ • 7LQFWXUH PO4'PO References: %OXPHQWKDO0*ROGEHUJ$%ULQFNPDQQ-HGLWRUV+HUEDO0HGLFLQH ZHHNO\PD[ ([SDQGHG&RPPLVVLRQ(0RQRJUDSKV$XVWLQ7; $PHULFDQ%RWDQLFDO&RXQFLO %RVWRQ ,QWHJUDWLYH0HGLFLQH&RPPXQLFDWLRQV • 3RZGHUHGWXEHU PJ7,' QRWH IRU %ULHQ6HWDO'HYLO¶V&ODZDVDWUHDWPHQWIRURVWHRDUWKULWLV DUHYLHZRIHI¿FDF\ VDIHW\-$OWHUQ&RPSOHQW0HG DQDOJHVLFHIIHFWVVKRXOGEHWDNHQLQHQWHULF &KUXEDVNL6$GGHQGXPWRWKH(6&23PRQRJUDSKRQ+DUSDJRSK\WXP SURFXPEHQV3K\WRPHGLFLQH FRDWHGFDSVXOHVZLWKPHDOV &KUXEDVNL67KHTXDOLW\RIFOLQLFDOWULDOVZLWK+DUSDJRSK\WXPSURFXPEHQV 3K\WRPHGLFLQH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW 0QFZDQJL1HWDO'HYLO¶V&ODZDUHYLHZRIWKHHWKQRERWDQ\SK\WRFKHPLVWU\ 7R[LFLW\ DQGELRORJLFDODFWLYLW\RI+DUSDJRSK\WXPSURFXPEHQV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO 2FW 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH • +LJKHUGRVHVPD\FDXVHWUDQVLHQWPLOG*,7 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ GLVWXUEDQFHVVXFKDVGLDUUKHD ÀDWXOHQFH 9ODFKRMDQQLV-HWDO6\VWHPDWLFUHYLHZRQWKHVDIHW\RI+DUSDJRSK\WXP SUHSDUDWLRQVIRURVWHRDUWKULWLFDQGORZEDFNSDLQ3K\WRWKHU5HV )URQWDOKHDGDFKHVFRQMXQFWLYLWLVWLQQLWXV )HE WDFK\FDUGLDUKLQLWLVKDYHEHHQUHSRUWHG • $OOHUJLFK\SHUVHQVLWLYLW\ G Contraindications: • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKDQ[LHW\SHSWLFXOFHUV JDOOVWRQHVKLVWRU\RIDUUK\WKPLDEOHHGLQJ GLVRUGHU&+)+71DQGKHDUWGLVHDVH • .QRZQDOOHUJ\ • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ Interactions: • &DXWLRQZLWKDQWLGLDEHWLFDQWLDUUK\WKPLF DQGEORRGSUHVVXUHPHGLFDWLRQV • $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHWDFWLYLW\ WKHRUHWLFDO • 0D\LQFUHDVHHIIHFWVRIRWKHUDQWL LQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQWV • /HVVHIIHFWLYHLIWDNHQZLWKDQWLELRWLFV QHHGV LQWHVWLQDOEDFWHULDIRUDFWLYDWLRQ 0RQRJUDSKV 223 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | +XPXOXVOXSXOXV +RSV P 6WURELOH %LWWHU2OHRUHVLQV C 9RODWLOHRLO KXPXOHQH )ODYRQRLGV $QWLVSDVPRGLF A Bitter 6HGDWLYH1HUYLQH +\SQRWLF $Q[LHW\ ,QVRPQLD H I 5HVWOHVVOHJV\QGURPH 1HUYRXVLQGLJHVWLRQ F Cannabaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 2OHRUHVLQVFRQWDLQLQJELWWHUVXEVWDQFHV • 7KHPDLQLQWHUQDOLQGLFDWLRQVIRU+XPXOXV DF\OSKORURJOXFLGHVKXPXORQHOXSXORQH are VOHHSOHVVQHVVIURPZRUU\DQGDQ[LHW\ YDOHULDQLFDFLG ZLWKQHUYRXVJDVWURSDWKLHV&DQEHXVHG • 9RODWLOHRLO KXPXOHQH IRUUHVWOHVVQHVVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKQHUYRXV WHQVLRQDQGKHDGDFKHDQGRULQGLJHVWLRQ • Tannins *UHDWIRUUHVWIXOVOHHSDQGUHVWOHVVOHJ • 3K\WRHVWURJHQLFVXEVWDQFHV V\QGURPH • )ODYRQRLGV NDHPSIHUROTXHUFHWLQUXWLQ 3KDUPDFRORJ\ Medicinal Actions: • 2OHRUHVLQVFRQWDLQLQJELWWHUVXEVWDQFHV VWLPXODWHDSSHWLWHJDVWULFVHFUHWLRQDQGELOH • Analgesic ÀRZWKXVLPSURYLQJGLJHVWLRQ • $QDSKURGLVLDF • Valerianic acidLVDVHGDWLYH • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • Volatile oilsLQFOXGLQJKXPXOHQHDUH • Astringent VHGDWLYHK\SQRWLFDQDOJHVLFDQWLVHSWLF FDUPLQDWLYHDQGDQWLVSDVPRGLF • Bitter • +XPXORQH OXSXORQHDUHDQWLEDFWHULDO • Diuretic • 3K\WRHVWURJHQVKDYHDQDQWL • 6HGDWLYH1HUYLQH +\SQRWLF DQGURJHQHIIHFWLQPHQWRUHGXFHVH[XDO RYHUH[FLWHPHQW LHSUHPDWXUHHMDFXODWLRQ 224 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak +XPXOXVOXSXOXV +RSV 3KDUPDF\ • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSFXS7,' 7KHPRVWSRSXODUXVHRIKRSV • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ KDVEHHQLQWKHEUHZLQJRIEHHU PD[ FRQWULEXWLQJWRLWVGLVWLQFWLYHÀDYRXU • +RSVSLOORZIRULQVRPQLD DQGDURPDDVZHOODVSURYLGLQJD QDWXUDOSUHVHUYDWLYHWRWKHEHYHUDJH ZKLFKLVDQHIIHFWLYHDQWLEDFWHULDO 7R[LFLW\ 7KHÀRZHUVFDQDOVREHHDWHQLQ • 1RDGYHUVHHIIHFWVH[SHFWHG8VHFDXWLRQ SODFHRIDVSDUDJXVSDUWLFXODUO\LQ GHSHQGLQJRQRFFXSDWLRQGXHWRVHGDWLYH %HOJLXPZKLOHWKHRLOLVXVHGLQ K\SQRWLFHIIHFWV PDQ\SHUIXPHV 5HFRUGHGFXOWLYDWLRQRIKRSVGDWHV EDFNWRWKHPLGGOHRIWKHWKFHQWXU\ Contraindications: DQGWKHXVHRIKRSVLQEUHZLQJGDWHV H • 'HSUHVVLRQ PD\SRWHQWLDWHV\PSWRPV EDFNWRWKH0LGGOH$JHV,WZDV LQWURGXFHGLQ(QJODQGLQDQGLW ZDVXVHGLQDSLOORZGXULQJDQLOOQHVV Interactions: RI.LQJ*HRUJH,,,LQWKHSODFHRI RSLDWHVWRSURGXFHVOHHS • %DUELWXUDWHVDQGRWKHUVOHHSLQJDLGVPD\ KDYHDGGLWLYHHIIHFWV References: $ZDG5HWDO(IIHFWVRIWUDGLWLRQDOO\XVHGDQ[LRO\WLFERWDQLFDOVRQHQ]\PHVRI WKHJDPPDDPLQREXW\ULFDFLG *$%$ V\VWHP&DQ-3K\VLRO3KDUPDFRO 6HS &KDGZLFN/HWDO7KHSKDUPDFRJQRV\RI+XPXOXVOXSXOXV/ KRSV ZLWKDQ HPSKDVLVRQHVWURJHQLFSURSHUWLHV3K\WRPHGLFLQH9ROXPH,VVXHV± -DQXDU\3DJHV ± &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW )UDQFR/HWDO7KHVHGDWLYHHIIHFWVRIKRSV +XPXOXVOXSXOXV DFRPSRQHQWRI EHHURQWKHDFWLYLW\UHVWUK\WKP$FWD3K\VLRO+XQJ-XQ +DMLUDKLPNKDQ$HWDO(YDOXDWLRQRIHVWURJHQLFDFWLYLW\RIOLFRULFHVSHFLHVLQ FRPSDULVRQZLWKKRSVXVHGLQERWDQLFDOVIRUPHQRSDXVDOV\PSWRPV3/R62QH -XO H 0DURR1HWDO(I¿FDF\DQGVDIHW\RIDSRO\KHUEDOVHGDWLYHK\SQRWLFIRUPXODWLRQ 16)LQSULPDU\LQVRPQLDLQFRPSDULVRQWR]ROSLGHP DUDQGRPL]HGFRQWUROOHG WULDO,QGLDQ-3KDUPDFRO-DQ)HE =DQROL3HWDO1HZLQVLJKWLQWKHQHXURSKDUPDFRORJLFDODFWLYLW\RI+XPXOXV OXSXOXV/-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO2FW =DQROL3HWDO3KDUPDFRJQRVWLFDQGSKDUPDFRORJLFDOSUR¿OHRI+XPXOXVOXSXOXV /-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO0DU 0RQRJUDSKV 225 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | +\GUDVWLVFDQDGHQVLV *ROGHQVHDO P 5RRW ,VRTXLQROLQHDONDORLGV C &KORURJHQLFDFLG 9RODWLOHRLO %LWWHU+HSDWLF A $QWLPLFURELDO 0XFXVPHPEUDQHWURSKRUHVWRUDWLYH ,QGLJHVWLRQG\VSHSVLDZLWK H KHSDWRELOLDU\LQVXI¿FLHQF\ I ([FHVVLYHPXFRVDOVHFUHWLRQV catarrh ,QIHFWLRQ LQÀDPPDWLRQ F Ranunculaceae Constituents: • +HSDWLF &KROHUHWLF &KRODJRJXH • ,VRTXLQROLQHDONDORLGV K\GUDVWLQH • ,PPXQRVWLPXODQW EHUEHULQHEHUEHUDVWLQH FDQDGLQH • /D[DWLYH • 7DQQLQV FKORURJHQLFDFLG • 0XFXVPHPEUDQHWURSKRUHVWRUDWLYH • &DUERK\GUDWHV Medicinal uses: • 9RODWLOHRLO • +DVVSHFL¿FXVHIRULQGLJHVWLRQRUG\VSHSVLD • 5HVLQV ZLWKKHSDWLFV\PSWRPVDVDELWWHUDQG • )DWW\DFLGV DQWLPLFURELDO • ,VZHOONQRZQIRUEHLQJD Medicinal Actions: restorative to PXFXVPHPEUDQHVDQGKHOSIXOLQDOOIRUPV • $OWHUDWLYH RIFDWDUUK • Anti-catarrhal • ,VXVHIXOIRUDOONLQGVRILQIHFWLRQVDQG • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ LQÀDPPDWLRQVHVSHFLDOO\RIWKHOLYHUVNLQ DQGLQFDQGLGDVLV • $QWLPLFURELDO 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • Astringent • ,VRTXLQROLQHDONDORLGVDUHELWWHU • Bitter FKRODJRJXHFKROHUHWLFDQGDQWLPLFURELDO • (PPHQDJRJXH 2[\WRFLF 226 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak +\GUDVWLVFDQDGHQVLV *ROGHQVHDO • %HUEHULQHLVLPPXQRVWLPXODQWDQW Interactions: PLFURELDOELWWHUVHGDWLYHXWHULQHWRQLF • :LWK&16GHSUHVVDQWVFDUGLDFPHGLFDWLRQV DQWLFRQYXOVDQW DQGDQWLFRDJXODQWV +\GUDVWLQHLVVLPLODUWREHUEHULQHDXWHULQH • • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKDQWLK\SHUJO\FHPLFV VWLPXODQWDQWKHOPLQWLFYDVRFRQVWULFWRUDQG OD[DWLYHVVHGDWLYHVSKRWRVHQVLWL]LQJGUXJV QHUYRXVV\VWHPVWLPXODQW DQGWHWUDF\FOLQH • CanadineLVDQXWHULQHVWLPXODQW K\SRWHQVLYHLQORZGRVHVEXWKLJKGRVHVLV K\SHUWHQVLYH References: $QRQ%HUEHULQH$OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH5HYLHZ %HGLU(HWDO0LFURSURSDJDWLRQRI+\GUDVWLVFDQDGHQVLV *ROGHQVHDOD1RUWK 3KDUPDF\ $PHULFDQHQGDQJHUHGVSHFLHV3ODQWD0HG-DQ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSVLPPHUPLQ7,' 3RVW *ROGIUDQN/HWDO7KHSHUQLFLRXVSDQDFHD KHUEDOPHGLFLQH+RVS3K\VLFLDQ DQG • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ +ZDQJ%HWDO$QWLPLFURELDOFRQVWLWXHQWVIURPJROGHQVHDO WKH5KL]RPHV RI+\GUDVWLVFDQDGHQVLV DJDLQVWVHOHFWHGRUDOSDWKRJHQV3ODQWD0HG PD[ -XO ,QEDUDM-HWDO3KRWRFKHPLVWU\DQGSKRWRF\WRWR[LFLW\RIDONDORLGVIURP H • 'ULHGSDUWV J7,' *ROGHQVHDO +\GUDVWLVFDQDGHQVLV/ 3DOPDWLQHK\GUDVWLQHFDQDGLQHDQG K\GUDVWLQLQH&KHP5HV7R[LFRO-XQ /DX&:&DUGLRYDVFXODUDFWLRQVRIEHUEHULQH&DUGLRYDVF'UXJ5HY • $VGRXFKHRLQWPHQWH\HZDVKJDUJOHRU 6FD]]RFFKLR)HWDO$QWLEDFWHULDODFWLYLW\RI+\GUDVWLVFDQDGHQVLVH[WUDFWDQG FRPSUHVV LWVPDMRULVRODWHGDONDORLGV3ODQWD0HG$XJ 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH • 1RWH 'RVHVKRUWWHUP XSWRZHHNV 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ 7R[LFLW\ • /RQJWHUPGRVLQJFDQFDXVHG\VELRVLV NLOO ³JRRG´ ³EDG´EDFWHULD 1RWH FRQVLGHUHGDQHQGDQJHUHG • +LJKGRVHEHUEHULQHFDQFDXVHÀXOLNH SODQWVSHFLHV&RQVLGHUXVLQJ V\PSWRPVVWRPDFKXSVHWGL]]LQHVV %HUEHULVDTXLIROLXPDVDQDOWHUDWLYH G\VSQHDLQFUHDVHGUHVSLUDWRU\UDWH ZKHQSRVVLEOH K\SRWHQVLRQQHSKULWLVQHUYRXVLVVXHV GHSUHVVLRQFRQYXOVLRQV SDUDO\VLVDQGPD\ EHIDWDO • 0D\FDXVHSKRWRWR[LFLW\DQGORFDODQHVWKHWLF DFWLRQZKHQDSSOLHGWRSLFDOO\DQGVHL]XUHLQ WR[LFGRVHV Contraindications: • &DXWLRQZLWKK\SHUK\SRWHQVLRQ K\SRJO\FHPLDKLVWRU\RIEOHHGLQJGLVRUGHUV &+)DUUK\WKPLDDFXWHLQÀDPPDWRU\ FRQGLWLRQV HVSHFLDOO\RI*,7 • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQDQGLQFKLOGUHQ QHRQDWHV 0RQRJUDSKV 227 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | +\RVF\DPXVQLJHU +HQEDQH P Aerial 7URSDQHDONDORLGV SULPDULO\ C K\RVF\DPLQH Analgesic A $QWLVSDVPRGLF 1HUYLQHVHGDWLYH )RUDQWLVSDVPRGLFHIIHFWVRQWKH H I XULQDU\WUDFW HJ.LGQH\VWRQHV F Solanaceae Constituents: 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • 7URSDQHDONDORLGV K\RVF\DPLQHK\RVFLQH • 7URSDQHDONDORLGV K\RVF\DPLQH VFRSRODPLQH VFRSRODPLQH DUHQHJDWLYHO\FKROLQHUJLF SRVLWLYHO\DGUHQHUJLF V\PSDWKRPLPHWLF FDXVLQJDQLQKLELWLRQRISDUDV\PSDWKHWLF Medicinal Actions: DQGVWLPXODWLRQRIV\PSDWKHWLFQHUYHVYLD • Analgesic FRPSHWLWLYHLQKLELWLRQRIDFHW\OFKROLQH(IIHFWV OHDGWRLQFUHDVHGLQWUDRFXODUSUHVVXUH • $QWLVSDVPRGLF GLSROSLDUHGXFWLRQRIERGLO\VHFUHWLRQV • 1HUYLQHVHGDWLYH LQKLELWLRQRIYDJXVQHUYH WDFK\FDUGLD LQFUHDVHGFDUGLDFRXWSXWDQGUDLVHGEORRG SUHVVXUH UHGXFHGWRQHLQDOOVPRRWK Medicinal uses: PXVFOHV YDVRGLODWLRQEURQFKLDOGLODWLRQ • ,VRIWHQFRPSDUHGWR%HOODGRQQDDVERWK UHGXFHGSHULVWDOVLV SODQWVH[HUWDQWLFKROLQHUJLFVHIIHFWV • 3ULPDULO\EORFNPXVFDULQLFDFHW\OFKROLQH • ,VPRVWRIWHQXVHGIRULWVDQWLVSDVPRGLF UHFHSWRUV&DFKDQQHOVUHVXOWLQJLQVPRRWK HIIHFWVRQWKHXULQDU\WUDFW HJ.LGQH\ PXVFOHUHOD[DWLRQDQGLQKLELWLRQRIVHFUHWLRQ VWRQHV ZLWKODUJHGRVHVDIIHFWLQJWKH RIJDVWURLQWHVWLQDOWUDFWDQGHOVHZKHUHDQG FHQWUDOQHUYRXVV\VWHP DQDOJHVLD 228 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak +\RVF\DPXVQLJHU +HQEDQH 3KDUPDF\ Interactions: • 7LQFWXUH WDNHGURSVWZLFH • 1RQHUHSRUWHGEXWPD\WKHRUHWLFDOO\LQWHUDFW DGD\WRDPD[RIPO,QFUHDVHE\GURS ZLWKDQWLFKROLQHUJLF V\PSDWKRPLPHWLF HYHU\WKUHHGD\VXQWLOGU\PRXWKDQGYLVXDO KHUEVDQGPHGLFDWLRQV GLVWXUEDQFHVDSSHDU5HGXFHE\GURS HDFKGD\XQWLOVLGHHIIHFWVGLVDSSHDUPO ZHHNO\PD[ References: $OL]DGHK$HWDO%ODFNKHQEDQHDQGLWVWR[LFLW\DGHVFULSWLYHUHYLHZ$YLFHQQD -3K\WRPHG6HS &DEUHUD&%,10/HFWXUHQRWHV 7R[LFRORJ\ &DEUHUD&$ONDORLGV$7KHUDSHXWLF$SSURDFKWR8QGHUVWDQGLQJWKHLU&KHPLVWU\ 7R[LFLW\ DQG3KDUPDFRORJ\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW • )LUVWVLJQRIWR[LFLW\LVGU\PRXWK H\HV *LODQL$HWDO*DVWURLQWHVWLQDOVHOHFWLYHDLUZD\VDQGXULQDU\EODGGHUUHOD[DQW HIIHFWVRI+\RVF\DPXVQLJHUDUHPHGLDWHGWKURXJKGXDOEORFNDGHRIPXVFDULQLF UHFHSWRUVDQG&DFKDQQHOV)XQGDP&OLQ3KDUPDFRO)HE • $FXWH )DFLDOGU\QHVVQDXVHDLQFUHDVHG +DDV/+\RVF\DPXVQLJHU KHQEDQH -1HXURO1HXURVXUJ3V\FKLDWU\ SXOVHUDWHYHUWLJRGXOOKHDGDFKHGLODWHG $XJ .KDQ$HWDO&DUGLRYDVFXODULQKLELWRU\HIIHFWVRI+\RVF\DPXVQLJHU0HWKRGV SXSLOVPXVFXODUZHDNQHVVUHGXFHG )LQG([S&OLQ3KDUPDFRO0D\ Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ 0RQRJUDSKV 229 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | +\SHULFXPSHUIRUDWXP 6W-RKQ¶V:RUW P $HULDO SULPDULO\ÀRZHULQJWRSV )ODYRQRLGV K\SHURVLGH K\SHULIRULQ C 1DSKWKRGLDQWKURQHV K\SHULFLQ 9RODWLOHRLOV 1HUYLQHWRQLF A $QWLYLUDO Vulnerary 'HSUHVVLRQ DQ[LHW\ H I 1HXUDOJLD P\DOJLD :RXQGKHDOLQJ DQWLPLFURELDO F Clusiaceae • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $QWLPLFURELDO • Astringent • 1HUYLQHWRQLF • Vulnerary Medicinal uses: Constituents: • 0RVWXVHIXOLQPLOGWRPRGHUDWH • 9RODWLOHRLOV SLQHQH FLQHROH GHSUHVVLRQVHDVRQDODIIHFWLYHGLVRUGHU DQ[LHW\DQGYDULRXVVRPDWRIRUP • )ODYRQRLGV SURDQWKRF\DQLGLQV QHXUDOJLD P\DOJLDV K\SHURVLGHTXHUFHWLQUXWLQ disorders • ,VDQWLYLUDOERWKLQWHUQDOO\DQGWRSLFDOO\ • 3KORURJOXFLQROV K\SHULIRULQ • 9XOQHUDU\DFWLRQVPDNHLWDZRQGHUIXOFKRLFH • 1DSKWKRGLDQWKURQHV K\SHULFLQ IRUWRSLFDOZRXQGKHDOLQJ HJEXUQV SVHXGRK\SHULFLQLVRK\SHULFLQ SURWRK\SHULFLQ 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • &DURWHQRLGV • 1DSKWKRGLDQWKURQHV K\SHULFLQ SVHXGRK\SHULFLQ KDYHUHFHLYHGPRVWRI • 3KORURJOXFLQV K\SHUIRULQ WKHDWWHQWLRQLQSKDUPDFRORJLFDOVWXGLHV • Tannins EDVHGRQWKHLUFRQWULEXWLRQVWRWKHDQWLYLUDO Medicinal Actions: SURSHUWLHVRIWKHSODQWDVZHOODVVSHFXODWLRQ EDVHGRQHDUO\LQYLWURGDWD WKDWWKH\PD\ • $QWLGHSUHVVDQW DOVRFRQWULEXWHWRWKHSODQW¶VDQWLGHSUHVVDQW 230 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak +\SHULFXPSHUIRUDWXP 6W-RKQ¶V:RUW DFWLRQV5HFHQWUHVHDUFKKRZHYHULQGLFDWHV JOXFRVHPHWDEROLVP WKDWRWKHUFRQVWLWXHQWVVXFKDVK\SHUIRULQ • 6HURWRQLQV\QGURPHV\PSWRPV HJ DQGÁDYRQRLGFRPSRXQGVPD\DOVR $JLWDWLRQ+71GHOLULXPVZHDWLQJ FRQWULEXWHWRWKHDQWLGHSUHVVDQWDFWLRQV LQFUHDVHGKHDUWUDWHDQGZHDNQHVV • 9DULRXVSURSRVHGPHFKDQLVPVH[LVWIRU Contraindications: DQWLGHSUHVVDQWHIIHFWVLQYROYLQJVHYHUDO QHXURWUDQVPLWWHUVDQGKRUPRQHVVSHFL¿FDOO\ • 6SHHGVXSWKHHOLPLQDWLRQRIPDQ\GUXJV LQKLELWLRQRIPRQRDPLQHR[LGDVH 0$2 GXH WKURXJKSKDVHOLYHUGHWR[L¿FDWLRQDQGFDQ WRK\SHULFLQ LQWHUIHUHZLWK0$2,V665,VQDUFRWLFV UHVHUSLQH • +\SHUIRULQFDQLQKLELWV\QDSWRVRPDO UHXSWDNHRIVHURWRQLQQRUHSLQHSKULQHDQG • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ GRSDPLQHDQGKDVDOVREHHQVKRZQWRKDYH • 8VHFDXWLRQLQKLVWRU\RIPDQLDEOHHGLQJ DQWLPLFURELDODFWLYLW\DJDLQVWJUDPSRVLWLYH GLVRUGHUGLDEHWHV+71OLYHUGLVHDVH EDFWHULDDQGQXPHURXVYLUXVHV VHL]XUHGLVRUGHUDQGWK\URLGGLVHDVH • +\SHULFLQLVDSRZHUIXOSKRWRVHQVLWL]HUDQG Interactions: H KDVDQWLWXPRUDFWLRQV2QFHWDNHQXSE\ WXPRUFHOOVK\SHULFLQUHDFWVLQWKHSUHVHQFH • &RQFRPLWDQWXVHZLWKVHOHFWLYHVHURWRQLQ RIR[\JHQDQGDFWLYDWHVPXOWLSOHDSRSWRVLV UHXSWDNHLQKLELWRUV 665,V DQGRWKHU&16 SDWKZD\VWKDWUHVXOWVLQPDOLJQDQWFHOOGHDWK DJHQWVPD\UHVXOWLQVHURWRQLQV\QGURPH 3KDUPDF\ • 0D\UHGXFHVHUXPOHYHOVDQGWKHUHIRUH DFWLYLW\RIDQWLUHWURYLUDOGUXJVFRXPDULQ • ,QIXVLRQ JFXS4'WR7,' DQWLFRDJXODQWVFKHPRWKHUDSHXWLFV • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ F\FORVSRULQHEHQ]RGLD]HSLQHVGLJR[LQ PD[ DPLWULSW\OLQHWKHRSK\OOLQHDQWLFRQYXOVDQWV FDUEDPD]HSLQHSKHQREDUELWDOSKHQ\WRLQ • 6WDQGDUGL]HGH[WUDFW WRPJ RUDOFRQWUDFHSWLYHVDQWLK\SHUOLSLGHPLFVDQG GLYLGHGGDLO\RIH[WUDFWVWDQGDUGL]HGWR RSLRLGV K\SHULFLQIRUPLOGPRGHUDWHGHSUHVVLRQ References: • 1RWH 0D\WDNHZHHNVWRQRWLFHFOLQLFDO &DEUHUD&%,10/HFWXUHQRWHV 7R[LFRORJ\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ UHVXOWV 3RVW *DVWHU%HWDO6W-RKQ¶V:RUWIRU'HSUHVVLRQ$UFK,QWHUQ0HG 7R[LFLW\ /LQGH.HWDO6W-RKQ¶V:RUWIRU'HSUHVVLRQDQRYHUYLHZDQGPHWDDQDO\VLVRI UDQGRPL]HGFOLQLFDOWULDOV%0- • 3KRWRVHQVLWLYLW\FDQRFFXULQVXVFHSWLEOH /LQGH.HWDO6W-RKQ¶V:RUWIRUPDMRUGHSUHVVLRQ&RFKUDQH'DWDEDVHRI 6\VWHPDWLF5HYLHZV,VVXH LQGLYLGXDOV)DLUVNLQQHGLQGLYLGXDOVVKRXOG /LQGH.HWDO6W-RKQ¶V:RUWIRU'HSUHVVLRQ&RFKUDQH'DWDEDVHRI6\VWHP- DWLF5HYLHZV,VVXH WDNHSUHFDXWLRQVZKHQH[SRVHGWRWKH 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH VXQDQG,WLVDGYLVDEOHWKDWWKHHOGHUO\XVH 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ SURWHFWLYHH\HZHDUZKHQH[SRVHGDOVR • 5HSRUWHGVLGHHIIHFWVLQFOXGHJDVWURLQWHVWLQDO LUULWDWLRQVDOOHUJLFVNLQUHDFWLRQVWLUHGQHVV DQGUHVWOHVVQHVV6XGGHQGVPD\UHVXOWLQ DGYHUVHUHDFWLRQV • 0D\FDXVH&16HIIHFWV HJ5HVWOHVVQHVV GL]]LQHVV LQVRPQLD EUDG\FDUGLD SDOSLWDWLRQVDOWHUDWLRQVLQ$&7+76+DQG 0RQRJUDSKV 231 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | +\VVRSXVRI¿FLQDOLV +\VVRS P Aerial 9RODWLOHRLO C 7HUSHQRLGV )ODYRQRLGV $QWLVSDVPRGLF &DUPLQDWLYH A 'LDSKRUHWLF ([SHFWRUDQW &RXJK FRQJHVWLRQDVVRFLDWHGZLWK DVWKPD 857,V H I 6SDVPRGLF*,7GLVRUGHUV 7RSLFDOO\DVDQWLIXQJDO F Lamiaceae Medicinal Actions: • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $QWLVSDVPRGLF Constituents: • &DUPLQDWLYH • 9RODWLOHRLO SLQRFDPSKRQHDOSKD EHWD • 'LDSKRUHWLF SLQHQHOLQDORROFLQHROH OLPRQHQH • ([SHFWRUDQW • 7HUSHQRLGV PDUUXELLQRODQROLFDFLGXUVROLF • 1HUYLQHVHGDWLYH DFLG • )ODYRQRLGV JO\FRVLGHVRIKHVSHULGLQ GLRVPHWLQ Medicinal uses: • +\VVRSLQJO\FRVLGH • 3URPRWHVH[SHFWRUDWLRQUHOLHYHVDVWKPDWLF FRXJKDQGUHGXFHVWKHLQÁDPPDWLRQ • Tannins VSDVPDVVRFLDWHGZLWKUHVSLUDWRU\LQIHFWLRQV • 5HVLQ • ,VDGLIIXVLYHDURPDWLFVWLPXODWLQJDQG UHOD[LQJZLWKPLOGWRQLFSURSHUWLHVDQGDQ HIIHFWLYHFDUPLQDWLYHIRUVSDVPRGLF*,7 GLVRUGHUV • 0D\EHXVHGWRSLFDOO\DVDQDQWLIXQJDODQG WRVSHHGWKHKHDOLQJRIEUXLVHV 232 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak +\VVRSXVRI¿FLQDOLV +\VVRS 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • VO KDVQRQVSHFL¿FVSDVPRO\WLFDFWLRQ (OHFDPSDQHLVFRYHUHGZLWKVRIW SULPDULO\WROLQDORRO DFWLQJRQERWK KDLUVDQGKDVDVWDUFK\URRWPDGHXS UHFHSWRUVWLPXODWHGDQGRQLRQVWLPXODWHG SULPDULO\RIWKHFRPSOH[FDUERK\GUDWH FRQWUDFWLRQV LQXOLQIURPZKLFKLWVJHQXVQDPHLV • 7KHWHUSHQRLGPDUUXELLQLVDQH[SHFWRUDQW GHULYHG,QXOLQVZHOOVDQGIRUPVD VOLSSHU\VXVSHQVLRQZKHQPL[HGZLWK • 8UVROLFDFLGLVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQGPD\ GLJHVWLYHÀXLGVDQGLVDOVRIRXQG SOD\UROHLQUHJXODWLRQDQGGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQRI LQKLJKTXDQWLWLHVLQERWK%XUGRFN 7K7KLPPXQREDODQFH 0DUVKPDOORZURRWV 3KDUPDF\ • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSZDWHUFXS7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ H PD[ 7R[LFLW\ 1RQHNQRZQ Contraindications: 3UHJQDQF\ Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ References: &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW 0D;HWDO([WUDFWLRQSURFHVVRISRO\VDFFKDULGHIURP+\VVRSXVRI¿FLQDOLV &KLQHVH-RXUQDORI0RGHUQ$SSOLHG3KDUPDF\YROQRSS± 0D;HWDO7KH(IIHFWVRI8\JXU+HUE+\VVRSXVRI¿FLQDOLV/RQWKH3URFHVVRI $LUZD\5HPRGHOLQJLQ$VWKPDWLF0LFH(YLG%DVHG&RPSOHPHQW$OWHUQDW0HG 9ODVH/HWDO(YDOXDWLRQRIDQWLR[LGDQWDQGDQWLPLFURELDODFWLYLWLHVDQGSKHQROLF SUR¿OHIRU+\VVRSXVRI¿FLQDOLV2FLPXPEDVLOLFXPDQG7HXFULXPFKDPDHGU\V 0ROHFXOHV$SU :DQJ+HWDO>7KHHIIHFWRI8\JXUPHGLFLQH+\VVRSXVRI¿FLQDOLV/RQH[SUHV- VLRQRI7EHW*$7$DQG67$7P51$LQOXQJWLVVXHRIDVWKPDUDWV@ $XJ 0RQRJUDSKV 233 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Inula helenium (Elecampane) P 5RRW 0XFLODJH ,QXOLQ C 9RODWLOHRLO 6DSRQLQV $QWLPLFURELDO 'LDSKRUHWLF A ([SHFWRUDQW /XQJ 7URSKRUHVWRUDWLYH &KURQLFLQÀDPPDWRU\OXQJFRQGLWLRQV I HJDVWKPDEURQFKLWLV I :DUPLQJGLJHVWLYHVWLPXODQW F Asteraceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • &+2V PXFLODJH ,QXOLQ • ,VXVHGLQDQ\FKURQLFOXQJFRQGLWLRQDV • 9RODWLOHRLOELWWHUVHVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV a trophorestorative,WDFWVDVDZDUPLQJ DODQWRODFWRQHLVRDODQWRODFWRQH H[SHFWRUDQWDQGLVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ LVRKHOHSUROLQHDODQWRSLFULQDODQWLFDFLG • ,VLPPXQRVWLPXODWRU\DQGVRPHZKDW D]XOHQH VHGDWLQJRYHUDOOLVPRVWLQGLFDWHGLQLUULWDWLQJ • 6DSRQLQV EURQFKLDOFRXJKV DVWKPDZKRRSLQJFRXJK FURXS HVSHFLDOO\LQFKLOGUHQRUWKHHOGHUO\ • &KORURJHQLF FDIIHLFDFLGV :LOOUHPRYHH[FHVVPXFXVDQGFKURQLF • 3K\WRVWHUROV FDWDUUK • 5HVLQ • $VDZDUPLQJGLJHVWLYHELWWHUZLOOWRQLI\WKH GLJHVWLYHWUDFWDVDZKROH Medicinal Actions: • +DVWUDGLWLRQDOXVHDVDVXUJLFDODQWLVHSWLF • $OWHUDWLYH DQGFDQEHXVHGDVDQDQWLPLFURELDOWRSLFDOO\ • $QWLPLFURELDO • $QWLWXPRU 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • Bitter • VOLVVSDVPRO\WLFRQVPRRWKPXVFOHWLVVXHV • 'LDSKRUHWLF • Sesquiterpene lactones DODQWRODFWRQH • Diuretic LVRDODQWRODFWRQH DUHZLGHO\DQWLVHSWLF HJ 056$&DQGLGD DQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • ([SHFWRUDQW /XQJ7URSKRUHVWRUDWLYH ,VRODWHGDODQWRODFWRQHKDVEHHQXVHGWR 234 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Inula helenium (Elecampane) WUHDWSDUDVLWHV HJURXQGZRUPKRRNZRUP Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ DQGKDVFKHPRSUHYHQWDWLYHDQGDQWLWXPRU HIIHFWV References: • 0XFLODJHKDVDUHOD[LQJ FDUPLQDWLYHHIIHFW &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ ZKLFKFRPELQHVZHOOZLWKWKHVWLPXODWLRQDQG 3RVW 'HULX$HWDO$QWLPLFURELDODFWLYLW\RI,QXODKHOHQLXP/HVVHQWLDORLODJDLQVW H[SHFWRUDWLRQRIWKH92 *UDPSRVLWLYHDQG*UDPQHJDWLYHEDFWHULDDQG&DQGLGDVSS,QW-$QWLPLFURE $JHQWV-XQ • InulinLVDSUHELRWLFWKDWZLOODLGLQWKH *|NEXOXW$HWDO$QWLR[LGDQWDQGDQWLPLFURELDODFWLYLWLHVDQGSKHQROLF FRPSRXQGVRIVHOHFWHG,QXODVSHFLHVIURP7XUNH\1DW3URG&RPPXQ EDODQFHRIEORRGVXJDUOHYHOVDQGRIWKH $SU .RQLVKL7HWDO$QWLSUROLIHUDWLYHVHVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHVIURPWKHURRWVRI,QXOD PLFURELRPH KHOHQLXP%LRO3KDUP%XOO2FW /L<HWDO$QWLWXPRXUDFWLYLWLHVRIVHVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHVIURP,QXODKHOHQLXP DQG,QXODMDSRQLFD=1DWXUIRUVFK&-XO$XJ 2¶6KHD6HWDO,QYLWURDFWLYLW\RI,QXODKHOHQLXPDJDLQVWFOLQLFDO6WDSK\ORFRF- FXVDXUHXVVWUDLQVLQFOXGLQJ056$%U-%LRPHG6FL 3KDUPDF\ 6HFD$HWDO7KHJHQXV,QXODDQGWKHLUPHWDEROLWHV IURPHWKQRSKDUPDFRORJL- FDOWRPHGLFLQDOXVHV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO-XQ • 'HFRFWLRQ WEVSFXSVLPPHUPLQ7,' 6WRMDQRYLü5DGLü=HWDO$QWLVWDSK\ORFRFFDODFWLYLW\RI,QXODKHOHQLXP/URRW HVVHQWLDORLO HXGHVPDQHVHVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHVLQGXFHFHOOPHPEUDQHGDP- DJH(XU-&OLQ0LFURELRO,QIHFW'LV-XQ • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO :DQJ-HWDO6LPXOWDQHRXV'HWHUPLQDWLRQRI&KORURJHQLF$FLG&DIIHLF$FLG $ODQWRODFWRQHDQG,VRDODQWRODFWRQHLQ,QXODKHOHQLXPE\+3/&-&KURPDWRJU ZHHNO\PD[ 6FL-XO =DLPD.HWDO,VRKHOHSUROLQH DQHZDPLQRDFLGVHVTXLWHUSHQHDGGXFWIURP I • 3RZGHUHGKHUE J4' ,QXODKHOHQLXP-1DW0HG$SU 7R[LFLW\ 1RQHNQRZQ Contraindications: • 8VHFDXWLRQZKHQOXQJVDUHLUULWDWHGRUGU\DV LWFDQLQFUHDVHVGU\QHVVDQGJLYHVDIHHOLQJ RIFRQVWULFWLRQ • 0D\FDXVHFRQWDFWGHUPDWLWLVWRSLFDOO\ 0RQRJUDSKV 235 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Iris versicolor (Blue Flag) P 5KL]RPH 9RODWLOHRLO ,ULGLQJO\FRVLGH C 3KHQROLFDFLGV VDOLF\OLFDQG LVRSKWKDOLF $OWHUDWLYH A 'HUPDWRORJLFDODJHQW /\PSKDWLF ,QÀDPPDWRU\VNLQGLVHDVH HJ DFQHHF]HPDSVRULDVLV GXHWROLYHU I FRQJHVWLRQ I (QGRFULQH JODQGXODUGLVRUGHUV F Iridaceae Medicinal Actions: • $OWHUDWLYH • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Astringent • 'HUPDWRORJLFDODJHQW • 'LDSKRUHWLF • Diuretic Constituents: • +HSDWLF &KROHUHWLF FKRODJRJXH • 9RODWLOHRLO IXUIXUDO • /D[DWLYH • ,ULGLQJO\FRVLGH LULVLQ • /\PSKDWLF • 3KHQROLFDFLGV VDOLF\OLFDQGLVRSKWKDOLF • Tannins Medicinal uses: • 2OHRUHVLQ • +DVDZLGHDSSOLFDWLRQLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRI • %HWDVLWRVWHUROV VNLQGLVHDVHDLGLQJGHWR[LÀFDWLRQRIWKH • 7ULWHUSHQRLGV VNLQE\ZRUNLQJWKURXJKWKHOLYHU *,7 • 0D\EHXVHGLQVNLQHUXSWLRQVVXFKDVDFQH VSRWDQGEOHPLVKHV)RUWKHPRUHFKURQLF VNLQGLVHDVHVXFKDVHF]HPDDQGSVRULDVLV LWLVYDOXDEOHDVDSDUWRIDZLGHUWUHDWPHQW 236 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Iris versicolor (Blue Flag) • ,WPD\EHXVHGZKHUHYHUWKHUHLV Contraindications: FRQVWLSDWLRQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKOLYHU • 8VHFDXWLRQLQZHDNHQHGFRQVWLWXWLRQV SUREOHPVRUWKHJDOOEODGGHU,WKDV VWLPXODWLQJHIIHFWVRQWKHOLYHUJDOOEODGGHU SDQFUHDVDQGFRORQDQGSURPRWHVWKH Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ SURGXFWLRQDQGVHFUHWLRQRIELOHDORQJZLWK RWKHUKHSDWLFIXQFWLRQVPDNLQJLWXVHIXOLQ PDQ\WR[LFFRQGLWLRQV References: %DPEKROH9HWDO5HGXFWLRQRIGLHWLQGXFHGREHVLW\LQUDWVZLWKDKHUEDO • Has use in IRUPXODWLRQ$QF6FL/LIH -XO endocrine conditions and %DPEKROH9(IIHFWRIVRPHPHGLFLQDOSODQWSUHSDUDWLRQVRIDGLSRVHWLVVXH RWKHUJODQGXODUGLVRUGHUVLQFOXGLQJ PHWDEROLVP$QF6FL/LIH 2FW &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ K\SRWK\URLGLVP ZLWKWK\URLGHQODUJHPHQW &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW VSOHQRPHJDO\O\PSKDGHQRSDWK\PHQVWUXDO 0DUQHU)HWDO,VRODWLRQDQG6WUXFWXUH'HWHUPLQDWLRQRIQHZ,ULGDOVIURP,ULV VLELULFDDQG,ULVYHUVLFRORU/LHELJV$QQ&KHP ± LUUHJXODULWLHV LQFOXGLQJXWHULQH¿EURLGV DQG :ROIJDQJ.HWDO,VRODWLRQDQG6WUXFWXUDO'HWHUPLQDWLRQRID1HZ0HWK\ODWHG VHEDFHRXVJODQGGLVRUGHUV 7ULWHUSHQRLGIURP5KL]RPHVRI,ULVYHUVLFRORU/,QVWLWXWIU%LRFKHPLHGHU 8QLYHUVLWlW]X.|OQ-XQH 3KDUPDFRORJ\ I • 92 IXUIXUDO LVDPXFRXVPHPEUDQHLUULWDQW • ,ULVLQLQKLJKGRVHVFDQFDXVHQDXVHD YRPLWLQJXQFOHDULILULGLQKDVVDPHHIIHFWV 3KDUPDF\ • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSZDWHUVLPPHU PLQXWHV7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ 7R[LFLW\ • )UHVKURRWFDQFDXVHV\PSWRPVVXFKDV EXUQLQJVHQVDWLRQLQWKHPRXWKDQGWKURDW 19YLROHQWGLDUUKHDDEGRPLQDOEXUQLQJ GLI¿FXOWEUHDWKLQJFROLFDQGUHFWDOKHDWDQG JDVWURHQWHULWLVUHVXOWLQJLQGHDWK • /DUJHGRVHVZLOOHYDFXDWHDQGH[KDXVW WKHV\VWHPDFWLQJRQWKHOLYHUDQGWKH DOLPHQWDU\FDQDOWKURXJKRXW 0RQRJUDSKV 237 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) P *UHHQKXOOV KXVNV 1DSKWKDTXLQRQHV MXJORQH C Tannins )ODYRQRLGV $QWKHOPLQWLF $QWLSDUDVLWLF A Astringent /D[DWLYH 3DUDVLWLF PLFULRELDOLQIHFWLRQV I &RQVWLSDWLRQ ÀDFFLG Cancer J F Juglandaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 1DSKWKDTXLQRQHV MXJORQH • Antiseptic properties and antineoplastic • 9RODWLOHRLO DFWLRQVJLYHLWLQGLFDWLRQLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRI • )DWW\DFLGV FKURQLFVNLQFRQGLWLRQVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKD GLVRUGHURIGLJHVWLRQDQGDVVLPLODWLRQ • 7DQQLQV HOODJLF JDOOLFDFLGV • 8VHGRIWHQLQWHUQDOO\IRUWKHWUHDWPHQWRI • )ODYRQRLGV ZRUPVSDUDVLWHV\HDVWLQIHFWLRQVDQG • Silica FDQFHU • /D[DWLYHHIIHFWVJLYHLWXVHLQDFXWHFDVHVRI FRQVWLSDWLRQ Medicinal Actions: • $OWHUDWLYH 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • $QWKHOPLQWLF • 1DSKWKDTXLQRQH MXJORQH LVDQWLIXQJDO • $QWLPLFURELDO DQWLIXQJDO DWR[LQDQWLPLFURELDODQWLWXPRUDQGDQWL • $QWLQHRSODVWLF SDUDVLWLF+DVVLPLODUOD[DWLYHHIIHFWVWR • Astringent DQWKUDTXLQRQHVLQ&DVVLDVS • Bitter • /D[DWLYH VWLPXODWLQJ 238 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) 3KDUPDF\ • 7LQFWXUH JWW7,'PO %ODFN:DOQXWWUHHVSURGXFHVIDPLOLDUJUHHQLVK ZHHNO\PD[ \HOORZIUXLWVDERXWWKHVL]HRIDJROIEDOO7KH • 3XOVHGRVLQJ ZHHNVRQZHHNVRII VHHGLVHGLEOHEXWDVKHUEDOLVWVZH¶UHPRUH LQWHUHVWHGLQWKHIUXLWULQGWKDQWKHVHHG$V WKHIUXLWRIWKHWUHHULSHQVWKHULQGORRVHQV DQGWKHVHHGLVHDVLO\VHSDUDWHG7KH\HOORZ 7R[LFLW\ ULQGKDVDEODFNSXOSWKDWVWDLQVHYHU\WKLQJ • 1DXVHDYRPLWLQJDQGZDWHU\FDWKDUVLV LWWRXFKHVWKRXJKLWVWKHWDQQLQVFRQWDLQHG ZLWKLQWKLVSXOSWKDWDUHODUJHO\UHVSRQVLEOHIRU • ([WHUQDODSSOLFDWLRQPD\FDXVHGHUPDWLWLV LWVWKHUDSHXWLFYDOXH WUHDWE\ZDVKLQJDUHDZLWKVRDSDQGZDWHU %ODFN:DOQXWKDVDFRXVLQFDOOHG%XWWHUQXW -XJORQHPD\FDXVHDOOHUJLFUHDFWLRQDQG -XJODQVFLQHUHD ZKLFKLVVRPHWLPHVXVHG JHQHWLFPXWDWLRQZLWKORQJWHUPXVH LQWHUFKDQJHDEO\ZLWK%ODFN:DOQXWEDUN Contraindications: • &KURQLF*,7FRQGLWLRQVSUHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ J Interactions: • 7KHRUHWLFDOO\LQWHUIHUHZLWKDEVRUSWLRQRIDQ\ GUXJZKHQWDNHQVLPXOWDQHRXVO\ References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allelopathicFRPSRXQGDVXEVWDQFHWKDW LVSURGXFHGE\DSODQWWRVWXQWWKHJURZWK RIDQRWKHU,WH[HUWVLWVHIIHFWE\LQKLELWLQJ FHUWDLQHQ]\PHVQHHGHGIRUDSODQW¶V PHWDEROLFIXQFWLRQ LVDOVRDQLQVHFWLFLGH 0RQRJUDSKV 239 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Juniperus communis (Juniper) P Berries 9RODWLOHRLO C Tannins )ODYRQRLGV $QWLUKHXPDWLF A &DUPLQDWLYH Diuretic 5KHXPDWLVP DUWKULWLV JRXW I 0\DOJLD QHXUDOJLD %LWWHUGLJHVWLYHVWLPXODQW J F Cupressaceae Medicinal uses: Constituents: • ,VXVHGLQDUWKULWLVDQGUKHXPDWLVP • 9RODWLOHRLO SLQHQHFDPSKRUFLQHROH EHFDXVHRILWVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQGGLXUHWLF OLPRQHQHWKXMRQHERUQHROWHUSLQHQHRO SURSHUWLHVDQGZLOOUHOLHYHPXVFOHDFKHVGXH • Tannins WRH[FHVVODFWLFDFLG • Diterpenes • 7RSLFDOO\WKHHVVHQWLDORLOFDQEHXVHG • 5HVLQ LQDUWKULWLVPXVFOHMRLQWSDLQVJRXWDQG QHXUDOJLD • )ODYRQRLGV DPHQWRÀDYRQHTXHUFLWLQ apigenin) • +DVDVSHFL¿FXVHLQWKHWUHDWPHQW RIF\VWLWLVLQWKHDEVHQFHRIUHQDO Medicinal Actions: LQÁDPPDWLRQ LHEODGGHULQIHFWLRQEXW127 • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ NLGQH\LQIHFWLRQ • $QWLPLFURELDO • 7UDGLWLRQDOO\XVHGDVDELWWHUGLJHVWLYH VWLPXODQWRUDSHULWLILQJLQ • $QWLUKHXPDWLF • Bitter 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • &DUPLQDWLYH • Volatile oils DUHGLXUHWLFDQWLVHSWLFXWHULQH • Diuretic VWLPXODQWDQWLYLUDODQGWRSLFDOO\LUULWDQW • (PPHQDJRJXH • 'LXUHWLFDFWLRQPD\EHGXHWRWKHVWLPXODWLRQ • 5XEHIDFLHQW RIWKHJORPHUXOXVWRLQFUHDVH¿OWUDWLRQUDWH 240 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Juniperus communis (Juniper) 6WXGLHVGRQHRQDQLPDOVVKRZWKDWWKHDFWLYH SULQFLSOHIRUWKHGLXUHWLFDFWLRQRIMXQLSHU Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ LVDVLPSOHWHUSHQH WHUSLQHQHROZKLFK VSHFL¿FDOO\DFWVDVDQLUULWDQWWRWKHNLGQH\V WRLQFUHDVHJORPHUXODU¿OWUDWLRQUDWH References: &KHYDOOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\%RRNV • )ODYRQRLG DPHQWRÀDYRQH KDV &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ GHPRQVWUDWHGDQWLYLUDODFWLYLW\ 3RVW 7LOJQHU6+HUEDO0HGLFLQHIURPWKH+HDUW:LVH$FUHV3UHVV,QF 7XPHQ,HWDO7RSLFDOZRXQGKHDOLQJHIIHFWVDQGSK\WRFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRI • 3DLQUHOLHILQDUWKULWLVJRXWDQGUKHXPDWLVP KHDUWZRRGHVVHQWLDORLOVRI-XQLSHUXVYLUJLQLDQD/-XQLSHUXVRFFLGHQWDOLV+RRN PD\EHGXHWRLWVSURVWDJODQGLQLQKLELWLQJ DQG-XQLSHUXVDVKHL-%XFKKRO]-0HG)RRG-DQ 7XPHQ,HWDO$WKHUDSHXWLFDSSURDFKIRUZRXQGKHDOLQJE\XVLQJHVVHQWLDORLOV HIIHFWV RIFXSUHVVXVDQGMXQLSHUXVVSHFLHVJURZLQJLQ7XUNH\(YLG%DVHG&RPSOHPHQW $OWHUQDW0HG :HLQHU0 -+HUEVWKDW+HDO 3UHVFULSWLRQIRU+HUEDO+HDOLQJ4XDQWXP ERRNV • (VVHQWLDORLO SDUWVWRSDUWV¿[HGRLO J GURSV7,' • 1RWH 3XOVHGRVLQJUHTXLUHG ZHHNVRQ ZHHNRII 7R[LFLW\ • $NH\VLJQWKDWORQJWHUPXVHPD\EH LUULWDWLQJWKHNLGQH\VLVDOEXPLQXULD • 7KXMRQHLQWKH92PD\DFFXPXODWHDQGLV QHXURWR[LF • 7RSLFDOO\PD\FDXVHEXUQLQJHU\WKHPDDQG LQÀDPPDWLRQ Contraindications: • ,QDFXWHNLGQH\LQIHFWLRQVRUNLGQH\GLVHDVH QHSKULWLVDQGQHSKURVLV • 3UHJQDQF\GXHWRWKHVWLPXODWLRQRIXWHULQH FRQWUDFWLRQV 0RQRJUDSKV 241 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Lactuca virosa (Wild Lettuce) P /HDYHV ODWH[ 3KHQROLFDFLGV C $ONDORLGV 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV Analgesic A $QWLVSDVPRGLF 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH +\SQRWLF ,QVRPQLD UHVWOHVVQHVV 'U\LUULWDWHGFRXJKV I 0\DOJLD PXVFOHVSDVPV HJ G\VPHQRUUKHD F Asteraceae L Medicinal uses: • $YDOXDEOHUHPHG\IRUXVHLQLQVRPQLD UHVWOHVVQHVVDQGRYHUH[FLWDELOLW\ HVSHFLDOO\LQFKLOGUHQ DQGRWKHU PDQLIHVWDWLRQVRIDQRYHUDFWLYHQHUYRXV Constituents: V\VWHP • 3KHQROLFDFLGV PDOOLFFLWULFR[DOLF • $VDQDQWLVSDVPRGLFLWFDQEHXVHGDV KROLVWLFWUHDWPHQWIRUZKRRSLQJFRXJKDQG • $ONDORLGV GU\LUULWDWHGFRXJKVLQJHQHUDO • 6HVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV ODFWXFLQODFWXORQH • ,WZLOOUHOLHYHFROLFSDLQLQWKHJXWDQGXWHUXV ODFWXSLFULQODFWXFLFDFLG DQGVRFDQEHXVHGLQSDLQIXOSHULRGVDQG • )ODYRQRLGV TXHUFLWLQDSLJHQLQOXWHROLQ ZLOOHDVHPXVFXODUDQGMRLQWSDLQVUHODWHG • &RXPDULQV WRUKHXPDWLVPDQGKDVEHHQXVHGDVDQ DSKURGLVLDF • 1RWH 7KHODWH[RIWKLVSODQWZDVDWRQHWLPH Medicinal Actions: VROGDV³/HWWXFH2SLXP´DQGKDVEHHQXVHG • Analgesic DVDQRSLXPVXEVWLWXWH • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH +\SQRWLF 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • $ONDORLGV VHVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHV are SRVVLEO\UHVSRQVLEOHIRUVHGDWLYHHIIHFWV 242 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Lactuca virosa (Wild Lettuce) 3KDUPDF\ Interactions: • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSLQIXVHPLQ7,' • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKRWKHU&16GHSUHVVDQWV • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO DGGLWLYHHIIHFWV ZHHNO\PD[ References: %HVKDUDW6HWDO:LOGOHWWXFH /DFWXFDYLURVD WR[LFLW\%0-&DVH5HS &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ 7R[LFLW\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW • ,QKLJKGRVHVFDQSURGXFHVWXSRUGHSUHVVHG *URPHN'HWDO%LRORJLFDOO\DFWLYHSUHSDUDWLRQVIURP/DFWXFDYLURVD/ 3K\WRWKHU5HV ± EUHDWKLQJDQGRYHUGRVHFDQFDXVHFRPD .LVLHO:HWDO0LQRUVHVTXLWHUSHQHODFWRQHVIURP/DFWXFDYLURVD3K\WRFKHPLV- WU\9ROXPH,VVXH'HFHPEHU 3DJHV± GHDWK 6FKQHQN*HWDO>5HVHDUFKRQWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIODFWXFLQDQGODFWXFRSLFULQ IURP/DFWXFDYLURVDSODQWV2QWKHHQ]\PDWLFDQGQRQHQ]\PDWLFR[LGDWLRQ RIWKHUDSHXWLFDOO\DFWLYHSODQWVXEVWDQFHV@$UFK3KDUP -DQ 6WRMDNRZVND$HWDO6HVTXLWHUSHQH/DFWRQHVLQ7LVVXH&XOWXUHRI/DFWXFD YLURVD3ODQWD0HG )HE Contraindications: :HVRáRZVND$HWDO$QDOJHVLFDQGVHGDWLYHDFWLYLWLHVRIODFWXFLQDQGVRPH ODFWXFLQOLNHJXDLDQROLGHVLQPLFH-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO6HS • $OOHUJLFUHDFWLRQWR$VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\ • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ L 0RQRJUDSKV 243 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | /DYDQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV /DYHQGHU P )ORZHUV 9RODWLOHRLO C Tannins )ODYRQRLGV &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF A 1HUYLQHVHGDWLYH 5XEHIDFLHQW +HDGDFKHV HVSHFLDOO\GXHWRVWUHVV I ,QVRPQLD 7RSLFDOO\WRHDVHUKHXPDWLFSDLQV F Lamiaceae L • 1HUYLQHVHGDWLYH • 5XEHIDFLHQW • 8WHULQHVWLPXODQW HPPHQDJRJXH Medicinal uses: Constituents: • +DVPDQ\XVHVLQFOXGLQJFXOLQDU\FRVPHWLF • 9RODWLOHRLO OLQDO\ODFHWDWHOLQDOROJHUDQLRO DQGPHGLFLQDO FLQHROH OLPRQHQH • $VDGLJHVWLYHDLGLVKLJKO\FDUPLQDWLYH • Tannins PLOGO\ELWWHUDQGZLOOEHQH¿WDQ\LQÀDPPDWRU\ • )ODYRQRLGV OXWHROLQ RUVSDVPRGLF*,7FRQGLWLRQ • &RXPDULQV • ,WLVDQHIIHFWLYHKHUEIRUKHDGDFKHV HVSHFLDOO\ZKHQWKH\DUHUHODWHGWRVWUHVV • 3K\WRVWHUROV ,WFDQEHTXLWHHIIHFWLYHLQWKHFOHDULQJRI • 7ULWHUSHQHV XUVROLFDFLG GHSUHVVLRQHVSHFLDOO\LIXVHGLQFRQMXQFWLRQ ZLWKRWKHUUHPHGLHV • $VDJHQWOHVWUHQJWKHQLQJWRQLFRIWKH Medicinal Actions: QHUYRXVV\VWHPLWPD\EHKHOSIXOIRUQHUYRXV • $QWLPLFURELDO GHELOLW\DQGH[KDXVWLRQ,WFDQEHXVHGWR • $QWLUKHXPDWLF VRRWKHDQGSURPRWHQDWXUDOVOHHS • &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF 244 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak /DYDQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV /DYHQGHU • ([WHUQDOO\WKHRLOFDQEHXVHGDVDVRRWKLQJ Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ FDOPLQJORFDOO\DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\OLQLPHQWWR KHOSHDVHLWFKLQJ WKHDFKHVDQGSDLQVDQG UKHXPDWLVP References: &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3KDUPDFRORJ\ 3RVW )LEOHU0HWDO$FDVHVHULHVRQWKHXVHRIODYHQGXODRLOFDSVXOHVLQSDWLHQWV 9RODWLOHRLOV OLQDORO JHUDQLRO VXIIHULQJIURPPDMRUGHSUHVVLYHGLVRUGHUDQGV\PSWRPVRISV\FKRPRWRUDJLWD- • are largely WLRQLQVRPQLDDQGDQ[LHW\&RPSOHPHQW7KHU0HG)HE UHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHPDQ\DFWLRQVRIWKLVKHUE )LVPHU.HWDO/DYHQGHUDQGVOHHS $V\VWHPDWLFUHYLHZRIWKHHYLGHQFH (XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI,QWHJUDWLYH0HGLFLQH9ROXPH,VVXH'HFHPEHU :LOOUHGXFHWKHWRQHRIVNHOHWDOPXVFOHDQG 3DJHV±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• ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSLQIXVHPLQ7,' PHQWXVLQJDQHVVHQWLDORLOIURP/DYHQGXODDQJXVWLIROLD-$OWHUQ&RPSOHPHQW 0HG2FW • 7LQFWXUH PO4'PO ZHHNO\PD[ • (VVHQWLDORLO JJWLQKDODWLRQVFKHVWUXE PDVVDJHRLOSLOORZGRXFKH • %DWK JLQIXVHGDQGVWUDLQHGDGGHGWR EDWK L • &XOLQDU\XVHV 7R[LFLW\ 1RQHH[SHFWHGZLWKLQUHFRPPHQGHG GRVHV Contraindications: • ,QWHUQDOXVHRIHVVHQWLDORLO • $YRLGH[FHVVLYHXVHGXULQJHDUO\SUHJQDQF\ 0RQRJUDSKV 245 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Leonurus cardiaca (Motherwort) P Aerial $ONDORLGV OHRQXULQH C )ODYRQRLGV 9RODWLOHRLO &DUGLDFWRQLF A 1HUYLQHWRQLF 8WHULQHWRQLF $Q[LHW\ 5HVWOHVVQHVV +HDUWSDOSLWDWLRQV WDFK\FDUGLDRI I QHUYRXVRULJLQRUK\SHUWK\URLGLVP Menstrual irregularities F Lamiaceae L Constituents: • +\SRWHQVLYH • $ONDORLGV OHRQXULQHEHWRQLFLQH • /D[DWLYH VWDFK\GULQH • 1HUYLQHWRQLF • )ODYRQRLGV DSLJHQLQNDHPSIHURO • 8WHULQHWRQLF HPPHQDJRJXH TXHUFLWLQ • *O\FRVLGHV %XIDGLHQROLGH /DYDQGXOLIROLRVLGH Medicinal uses: • ,ULGRLGV 7HUSHQRLGV XUVROLFDFLG • ,VPRVWLQGLFDWHGLQQHUYRXVGHELOLW\ZLWK LUULWDWLRQDQGXQUHVW HJDQ[LHW\ • Tannins • 7KHK\SRWHQVLYHDFWLRQLVGXHWRLWV • 9RODWLOHRLO YDVRGLODWRU\HIIHFWZKLFKDOVRVHUYHVWR • 9LWDPLQV$ & LQFUHDVHFLUFXODWLRQWRWKHUHSURGXFWLYH RUJDQV • $VDJHQWOHFDUGLRWRQLFLVVSHFLÀFIRU Medicinal Actions: FDUGLDFGLVRUGHUVRIQHUYRXVRULJLQ HJ • $QWLPLFURELDO WDFK\FDUGLDVHFRQGDU\WRDQ[LHW\ • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • :LOODOVRSURPRWHEORRGÀRZWRIHPDOH • &DUGLDFWRQLF UHSURGXFWLYHRUJDQVDQGEDODQFHVKRUPRQHV DIIHFWLQJWKHPHQVWUXDOF\FOHDVZHOODV • Hepatic K\SHUWK\URLGLVP 246 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Leonurus cardiaca (Motherwort) 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • $ONDORLGV OHRQXULQHEHWRQLFLQH ,Q7&0WKHRU\0RWKHUZRUWLV VWDFK\GULQH LQFUHDVHXWHULQHFRQWUDFWLRQV FRQVLGHUHGWRHQWHUWKHKHDUWOLYHU • 6WDFK\GULQHLVR[\WRFLF VHGDWLYH EODGGHUDQGVPDOOLQWHVWLQHFKDQQHOV ,WTXLFNHQVWKHEORRGWUDQVIRUPVVWDVLV • /HRQXULQHLVXWHURWRQLFVHGDWLYH DQGVWRSVSDLQDQGLVXVHGWRQRXULVK K\SRWHQVLYHDQGFDUGLRDFWLYH WKHKHDUWEORRGDQGFDOPWKHVSLULW RU • *O\FRVLGHVDUHDQWLVHSWLFQHUYLQHDQWL VKHQ ,WKDVDORQJKLVWRU\RIXVHLQ VSDVPRGLFDQGK\SRWHQVLYH KHOSLQJWRIDFLOLWDWHELUWKIRUZRPHQZKR • 8UVROLFDFLGLVDQWLYLUDODQWLWXPRUF\WRWR[LF KDYHHLWKHUDKLVWRU\RIGLI¿FXOWELUWKVRU DQGLQKLELWV(SVWHLQ%DUU ZKHQWKH\¶UHSDVWWKHLUGXHGDWHV • 6HGDWLYHK\SRWHQVLYHDQGFDUGLRWRQLFHIIHFWV DWWULEXWHGWREXIDGLHQROLGHJO\FRVLGHV 3KDUPDF\ • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSZDWHUFXSV7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ L • &DSVXOHV PJFDSFDS7,' 7R[LFLW\ 1RDGYHUVHHIIHFWVH[SHFWHGZLWKLQ UHFRPPHQGHGGRVHV Contraindications: • Pregnancy • 8VHFDXWLRQLQPHQRUUKDJLD Interactions: • 7KHRUHWLFDOO\PD\LQWHUDFWZLWKYDULRXV FDUGLRYDVFXODUPHGLFDWLRQV References: %HUQDWRQLHQH-HWDO7KHHIIHFWRI/HRQXUXVFDUGLDFDKHUEH[WUDFWDQGVRPHRI LWVÀDYRQRLGVRQPLWRFKRQGULDOR[LGDWLYHSKRVSKRU\ODWLRQLQWKHKHDUW3ODQWD0HG 0D\ &KHYDOLHU$(QF\FORSHGLDRI+HUEDO0HGLFLQH'RUOLQJ.LQGHUVOH\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW 5LWWHU0HWDO&DUGLDFDQGHOHFWURSK\VLRORJLFDOHIIHFWVRISULPDU\DQGUH¿QHG H[WUDFWVIURP/HRQXUXVFDUGLDFD/ 3K(XU 3ODQWD0HG$SU 6KLNRY$HWDO(IIHFWRI/HRQXUXVFDUGLDFDRLOH[WUDFWLQSDWLHQWVZLWKDUWHULDO K\SHUWHQVLRQDFFRPSDQLHGE\DQ[LHW\DQGVOHHSGLVRUGHUV3K\WRWKHU5HV $SU 7DKPRX]L6HWDO2SWLPXPH[WUDFWLRQRISRO\VDFFKDULGHVIURPPRWKHUZRUW OHDIDQGLWVDQWLR[LGDQWDQGDQWLPLFURELDODFWLYLWLHV&DUERK\GU3RO\P1RY :RMW\QLDN.HWDO/HRQXUXVFDUGLDFD/ PRWKHUZRUW DUHYLHZRILWVSK\WRFKHP- LVWU\DQGSKDUPDFRORJ\3K\WRWKHU5HV$XJ 0RQRJUDSKV 247 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Ligusticum porteri (Osha) P 5RRW 9RODWLOHRLO C 'LPHULFODFWRQHSKWKDOLGHV $ONDORLGV $QWLPLFURELDO A 'LDSKRUHWLF (PPHQDJRJXH 857, ,QÀXHQ]D I &KURQLFOXQJFRQGLWLRQV HJDVWKPD EURQFKWLWLV F Umbellifereae L Medicinal Actions: • Analgesic • $QWLPLFURELDO • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • 'LDSKRUHWLF • (PPHQDJRJXH Constituents: • +\SRJO\FHPLF • 9RODWLOHRLO DOSKD EHWDSLQHQHV • 'LPHULFODFWRQHSKWKDOLGHV JO\FRVLGHV Medicinal uses: • $ONDORLGV • $QHIIHFWLYHDQWLYLUDODQGGLDSKRUHWLF • 3K\WRVWHUROV • ,VHVSHFLDOO\LQGLFDWHGLQWKHEHJLQQLQJ • 6DSRQLQV VWDJHVRIDFROGRUÀXRULQVRPHRQHZLWKD • &RXPDULQV IXUDQRFRXPDULQV QDJJLQJFRXJKWKDWKDVSHUVLVWHGIRUZHHNV • )HUXOLFDFLG • ,QDVWKPDDQGEURQFKLWLVDVDVPRRWKPXVFOH UHOD[DQWWRZDUGWKHUHVSLUDWRU\WUDFW • /LJXVWLOLGHV (= 248 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Ligusticum porteri (Osha) 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • 'LPHULFODFWRQHSKWKDOLGHVGLVSOD\VHGDWLYH VSDVPRO\WLFSURSHUWLHV$QWLK\SHUJO\FHPLF HIIHFWVGXHWRLQKLELWLRQRIĮJOXFRVLGDVH ,Q7&02VKDHQWHUVOXQJVWRPDFKDQG DWWKHLQWHVWLQDOOHYHODVZHOODVSRWHQWLDO OLYHUFKDQQHOVDQGFRPELQHVZHOOZLWK VWLPXODWRU\HIIHFWVRQLQVXOLQVHFUHWLRQ 7K\PH 6DJHIRUH[WHUQDODWWDFNVRI ZLQGKHDWFDXVLQJVRUHSDLQIXOWKURDW • =OLJXVWLOLGHKDVGHPRQVWUDWHGDQWLPLFURELDO WKDWLVZRUVHZLWKVZDOORZLQJRUWDONLQJ DQGDQWLVSDVPRGLFHIIHFWVRQVPRRWKPXVFOH WLVVXHDVZHOODVDQWLDVWKPDWLFDFWLYLW\DQG JHQHUDOUHOD[DWLRQIRUWKHUHVSLUDWRU\V\VWHP DQGKHDUW 3KDUPDF\ • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSZDWHU FXS7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ PD[ 7R[LFLW\ 1RQHNQRZQ L Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ References: $SSHOW*3KDUPDFRORJLFDODVSHFWVRIVHOHFWHGKHUEVHPSOR\HGLQ+LVSDQLFIRON PHGLFLQHLQWKH6DQ/XLV9DOOH\RI&RORUDGR86$ ,/LJXVWLFXPSRUWHUL RVKD DQG 0DWULFDULDFKDPRPLOOD PDQ]DQLOOD -(WKQRSKDUPDFRO 0DU &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW %ULQGLV)HWDO = EXW\OLGHQHSKWKDOLGHIURP/LJXVWLFXPSRUWHULDQ ĮJOXFRVLGDVHLQKLELWRU-1DW3URG0DU -XiUH]5H\HV.HWDO$QWLQRFLFHSWLYHDFWLYLW\RI/LJXVWLFXPSRUWHULSUHSDUDWLRQV DQGFRPSRXQGV3KDUP%LRO-DQ /HyQ$HWDO3KWKDOLGHVDQGRWKHUFRQVWLWXHQWVIURP/LJXVWLFXPSRUWHUL VHGDWLYH DQGVSDVPRO\WLFDFWLYLWLHVRIVRPHQDWXUDOSURGXFWVDQGGHULYDWLYHV1DW3URG 5HV$XJ 5LYHUR,HWDO4XDQWLWDWLYH+3/&PHWKRGIRUGHWHUPLQLQJWZRRIWKHPDMRUDFWLYH SKWKDOLGHVIURP/LJXVWLFXPSRUWHULURRWV-$2$&,QW-DQ)HE 0RQRJUDSKV 249 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Linum usitatissimum (Flax seed/Linseed) P 6HHG 6HHG2LO 0XFLODJH 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV ¿EUH C (VVHQWLDO)DWW\$FLGV RPHJDV 1XWULHQWV 9LWDPLQV 0LQHUDOV /D[DWLYH EXONLQJRVPRWLF A 'HPXOFHQW 1XWULWLYH &RQVWLSDWLRQDQGRU'LDUUKHD I '\VOLSLGHPLD *,7 5HVSLUDWRU\LQÀDPPDWLRQ F Linaceae L • 1XWULHQWV 9LWDPLQV$%'(0LQHUDOV $PLQRDFLGV Medicinal Actions: • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $QWLVSDVPRGLF Constituents: • 'HPXOFHQW • )LEHU KHPLFHOOXORVHFHOOXORVHOLJQLQ • ([SHFWRUDQW • )L[HGRLOV • 1XWULWLYH • (VVHQWLDO)DWW\DFLGV 2PHJD OLQROHQLF • /D[DWLYH %XONLQJ %RZHOOXEULFDQW 2PHJD OLQROHLFROHLFSDOPLWLFVWHDULF DFLGV • 3K\WRHVWURJHQLF • 6HFRLVRODULFLUHVLQROJO\FRVLGH • 3URWHLQV Medicinal uses: • Mucilage • As a ERZHOGHPXOFHQWOXEULFDQWDQG nutritiveWKHJURXQGVHHGZLOODOVRGUDZRXW • 6WHUROV WULWHUSHQHV FKROHVWHURO WR[LQVIRUHOLPLQDWLRQWKURXJKWKH*,72IIHUV FDPSHVWHUROVWLJPDVWHUROVLWRVWHUROV SURWHFWLYHHIIHFWVWRWKHPXFRVDVRIWHQV • &\DQRJHQLFJO\FRVLGHV VWRROLQFUHDVHVVWRROZHLJKW YROXPHDQG UHGXFHVERZHOWUDQVLWWLPH • 0RQRJO\FRVLGH OLQDPDULQ 250 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Linum usitatissimum (Flax seed/Linseed) • $OVRXVHGDVDSUHYHQWDWLYHIRU Contraindications: DWKHURVFOHURVLV WKURPERVLVWRLPSURYH • .QRZQRUKLJKULVNERZHOREVWUXFWLRQ EORRGOLSLG FKROHVWHUROSURÀOHV • $YRLGKHDWLQJRLO6WRUHLQGDUNFRQWDLQHU • 6HHGRLOKDVEHHQXVHGLQ306DQG UHIULJHUDWHG PHQVWUXDOGLVRUGHUV • 'HPXOFHQWSURSHUWLHVPDNHLWXVHIXOIRU VRUHWKURDWVLUULWDWHGFRXJKVDQGXSSHU Interactions: UHVSLUDWRU\LQÀDPPDWLRQV • 7KHRUHWLFDOO\PD\UHGXFHDEVRUSWLRQRIDOO PHGLFDWLRQVZKHQWDNHQVLPXOWDQHRXVO\ 3KDUPDFRORJ\ References: $EUDKDPVVRQ$HWDO(VWUDGLROWDPR[LIHQDQGÀD[VHHGDOWHU,/ȕDQG,/5D OHYHOVLQQRUPDOKXPDQEUHDVWWLVVXHLQYLYR-&OLQ(QGRFULQRO0HWDE • 0XFLODJHLVGHPXOFHQW YXOQHUDU\ 1RY ( %LVVRQ-HWDO3UHYHQWLYHHIIHFWVRIOLJQDQH[WUDFWIURPÀD[KXOOVRQH[SHULPHQ- JO\FRVLGHKDVDQWL WDOO\LQGXFHGEHQLJQSURVWDWHK\SHUSODVLD-0HG)RRG-XQ • Secoisolariciresinol &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ WXPRUSK\WRHVWURJHQLFDQGDQWLR[LGDQW 3RVW 'HZ7HWDO&RQWUROOHGÀD[LQWHUYHQWLRQVIRUWKHLPSURYHPHQWRIPHQRSDXVDO HIIHFWV V\PSWRPVDQGSRVWPHQRSDXVDOERQHKHDOWK DV\VWHPDWLFUHYLHZ0HQRSDXVH 1RY +X&HWDO$QWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLWLHVRIWKHÀD[VHHGOLJQDQVHFRLVRODULFLUHVLQRO • 0RQRJO\FRVLGH OLQDPDULQ LVDQWLVSDVPRGLF GLJOXFRVLGHLWVDJO\FRQHVHFRLVRODULFLUHVLQRODQGWKHPDPPDOLDQOLJQDQVHQWHUR- DQGUHOD[DQWWRWKHUHVSLUDWRU\V\VWHP GLRODQGHQWHURODFWRQHLQYLWUR)RRG&KHP7R[LFRO1RY 3UDVDG.+\SRFKROHVWHUROHPLFDQGDQWLDWKHURVFOHURWLFHIIHFWRIÀD[OLJQDQ FRPSOH[LVRODWHGIURPÀD[VHHG$WKHURVFOHURVLV9ROXPH ,VVXH$SULO • 6ROXEOH ,QVROXEOH¿EHUUHVSRQVLEOHIRU 3DJHV ± ;X-HWDO/D[DWLYHHIIHFWVRISDUWLDOO\GHIDWWHGÀD[VHHGPHDORQQRUPDO DLGLQJLQERZHOUHJXODULW\ DQGH[SHULPHQWDOFRQVWLSDWHGPLFH%0&&RPSOHPHQW$OWHUQ0HG0DU L 127( *URXQGÀD[VHHGLVIHUPHQWHGE\ EDFWHULDOÀRUDZLWKLQWKHLQWHVWLQHVWRUHOHDVH DJO\FRQHIURPJO\FRVLGH(QVXUHKHDOWK\JXW ÀRUDRUVXSSOHPHQWZLWKSUREWLRWLFVIRUEHVW HIIHFWV 3KDUPDF\ • &UXVKHGVHHGV 7EVSGDLO\ZLWKIRRG • ,QIXVLRQ FUXVKHGVHHGV òWVSFXSVRDNHG RYHUQLJKW'ULQNWKH$0ZDUPHGLIGHVLUHG • 6HHGRLO ±PO7,'DVSXUJDWLYH • 7RSLFDODSSOLFDWLRQV 3RXOWLFH 7R[LFLW\ 1RDGYHUVHHIIHFWVH[SHFWHGZLWKLQ UHFRPPHQGHGGRVHV(QVXUHDGHTXDWHZDWHU LQWDNH 0RQRJUDSKV 251 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | /REHOLDLQÀDWD ,QGLDQ7REDFFR P Aerial 3LSHULGLQHDONDORLGV C 5HVLQV *XPV )DWW\DFLGV $QWLVSDVPRGLF A ([SHFWRUDQW VRRWKLQJ VWLPXODWLQJ 6HGDWLYH1HUYLQH &KURQLFOXQJFRQGLWLRQV HJDVWKPD EURQFKLWLV I +\SHUWHQVLRQ 6PRNLQJFHVVDWLRQ F Campanulaceae L Medicinal uses: • ,VXVHGSULPDULO\IRULWVrelaxant effects RQWKHEURQFKLROHV,WVDELOLW\WRUHOD[WKH VPRRWKPXVFOHRIWKHEURQFKLROHVPDNHLWDQ LQYDOXDEOHSDUWRIDQDFXWHRUFKURQLFDVWKPD Constituents: IRUPXOD • 3LSHULGLQHDONDORLGV OREHOLQHLVROREHOLQH • 5HGXFHVVPRRWKPXVFOHVSDVPDQGWKXV DQGRWKHUV ORZHUVDUWHULDOSUHVVXUHDQGYDVFXODUWHQVLRQ HJK\SHUWHQVLRQ • &KHOLGRQLFDFLG • ,VDOVRDXVHIXODLGLQVPRNLQJZLWKGUDZDO • 5HVLQV *XPV DQGFHVVDWLRQSURWRFROV • )DWW\DFLGV • $XVHIXOWRSLFDOPXVFOHUHOD[DQWLQ Medicinal Actions: FRQGLWLRQVVXFKDVDVWKPDFROLFWRUWLFROOLV • $QWLVSDVPRGLF G\VPHQRUUKHD • (PHWLF • ([SHFWRUDQW VRRWKLQJ VWLPXODWLQJ 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • 'LDSKRUHWLF • 3LSHULGLQHDONDORLGVH[HUWSDUDGR[LFDO HIIHFWV • 6HGDWLYH1HUYLQH • /REHOLQHLVDSRZHUIXOUHVSLUDWRU\VWLPXODQW 252 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak /REHOLDLQÀDWD ,QGLDQ7REDFFR E\VWLPXODWLQJWKHUHVSLUDWRU\FHQWHUVDQG • 1RWH 7KHWR[LFGRVHLVYDULDEOHDQG H[HUWVWKLVHIIHFWHYHQLQUHODWLYHO\VPDOO VRPHLQGLYLGXDOVZLOOEHVHQVLWLYHWRWKH GRVHV:LOOLQFUHDVHVHQVLWLYLW\RIWKHEUDLQ WKHUDSHXWLFGRVH VWHPWR&2 • ,VROREHOLQHLVDQHPHWLFDQGUHVSLUDWRU\ Contraindications: UHOD[DQW UHOD[HVVPRRWKPXVFOH WKDW PRVWSRZHUIXOO\H[HUWVLWVDFWLRQDWKLJKHU • ,QJHQHUDOXVHFDXWLRQLQG\VSQHD GRVHV7KHFRPELQHGDFWLRQRIERWKRI HVSHFLDOO\ZKHQGXHWRDZHDNHQHGKHDUW WKHVHDONDORLGVPDNHV/REHOLDDVWLPXODWLQJ RUYDOYXODULQFRPSHWHQFH DQ[LHW\VKRFN UHOD[DQW7KHQHWHIIHFWLQWKHOXQJVZLOOEHD RUSDUDO\VLV KHDUWGLVHDVHSQHXPRQLDRU SURPRWLRQRIPXFRXVVHFUHWLRQH[SHFWRUDWLRQ SOHXUDOHIIXVLRQK\SHUWHQVLRQORZYLWDOLW\RU DQGDUHGXFWLRQLQEURQFKLDOVSDVP WREDFFRVHQVLWLYLW\ • /REHOLQHVKDUHVDVWUXFWXUDOVLPLODULW\ZLWK • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ QLFRWLQHDQGKDVKLJKDI¿QLW\IRUQLFRWLQLF DFHW\OFKROLQHUHFHSWRUVDQGWKXVLQKLELWV WKHIXQFWLRQRIYHVLFXODUPRQRDPLQHDQG Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ GRSDPLQHWUDQVSRUWHUV LVDVSRWHQW DVQLFRWLQH References: &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ • /REHOLQHPD\DOVRDOWHUSUHV\QDSWLF 3RVW &URRNV3HWDO'HVLJQV\QWKHVLVDQGLQWHUDFWLRQDWWKHYHVLFXODUPRQRDPLQH GRSDPLQH '$ VWRUDJHE\SRWHQWO\LQKLELWLQJ WUDQVSRUWHURIOREHOLQHDQDORJV SRWHQWLDOSKDUPDFRWKHUDSLHVIRUWKHWUHDWPHQW '$XSWDNHLQWRV\QDSWLFYHVLFOHV RISV\FKRVWLPXODQWDEXVH&XUU7RS0HG&KHP L 'ZRVNLQ/HWDO$QRYHOPHFKDQLVPRIDFWLRQDQGSRWHQWLDOXVHIRUOREHOLQH DVDWUHDWPHQWIRUSV\FKRVWLPXODQWDEXVH%LRFKHP3KDUPDFRO-DQ )HOSLQ)HWOD+LVWRU\FKHPLVWU\DQGELRORJ\RIDONDORLGVIURP/REHOLDLQÀDWD 3KDUPDF\ 7HWUDKHGURQ9ROXPH,VVXH1RYHPEHU3DJHV± 0LOOHU'HWDO/REHOLQHDSRWHQWLDOSKDUPDFRWKHUDS\IRUGUXJDGGLFWLRQELQGV WRȝRSLRLGUHFHSWRUVDQGGLPLQLVKHVWKHHIIHFWVRIRSLRLGUHFHSWRUDJRQLVWV • ,QIXVLRQ WVSGULHGOHDYHVFXSZDWHU 'UXJDQG$OFRKRO'HSHQGHQFH9ROXPH ,VVXHV±-XO\3DJHV FXS7,' • 7LQFWXUH GULHGPO7,' POZHHNO\PD[ 7R[LFLW\ • 3RVVLEOHWR[LFLW\V\PSWRPVLQFOXGHEXUQLQJ HVRSKDJXVVDOLYDWLRQ19ZHDNQHVV VWXSRUWUHPRUVSDUDO\VLVWDFK\SQHD K\SRWKHUPLDUDSLGSXOVHSLQSRLQWSXSLOV XQFRQVFLRXVQHVVFRQYXOVLRQVFRPD H[KDXVWLRQVZHDWLQJSURVWUDWLRQPLRVLV DQGGHDWK 0RQRJUDSKV 253 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Lomatium dissectum (Fern leaf) P 5RRW 9RODWLOHRLO C *XPV ROHRUHVLQV )XUDQRFRXPDULQV $QWLPLFURELDO A ([SHFWRUDQW ,PPXQRVWLPXODQW $FXWH FKURQLFLQIHFWLRQV I ,QÀDPPDWRU\OXQJGLVRUGHUV HJ DVWKPD EURQFKLWLV F Apiaceae L Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 9RODWLOHRLO • 8VHIXOLQDFXWHDQGFKURQLFYLUDOEDFWHULDO IXQJDOLQIHFWLRQVDQGRWKHULQÁDPPDWRU\ • *XPV ROHRUHVLQV WHUSHQHV GLVRUGHUVRIWKHUHVSLUDWRU\V\VWHP It is VHVTXLWHUSHQHV PRVWHIIHFWLYHLQWUHDWLQJLQIHFWLRQVZKHQLW • )XUDQRFRXPDULQV QRGDNHQHWLQ LVJLYHQDVHDUO\DVSRVVLEOHDQGLQVPDOO FROXPELDQLQDQGS\UDQRFRXPDULQ IUHTXHQWGRVHV • &DUERK\GUDWHVSURWHLQIDWW\DFLGV DVFRUELFDFLG 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • 0HWK\ODPLQHV • Volatile oilsDUHVWURQJO\DQWLEDFWHULDO • 9DOHULFDFLG LQWHUIHULQJZLWKEDFWHULDOUHSOLFDWLRQDQG LQGXFLQJLQFUHDVHGSKDJRF\WRVLVE\ • $VFRUELFDFLG 9LWDPLQ& OHXFRF\WHV • 2OHRUHVLQVULFKLQWHUSHQHV Medicinal Actions: VHVTXLWHUSHQHVDUHVWLPXODWLQJH[SHFWRUDQWV • $QWLPLFURELDO LQWKHOXQJVHQKDQFLQJWKHOLTXL¿FDWLRQDQG FRQVHTXHQWHOLPLQDWLRQRIPXFRLGPDWHULDO • ([SHFWRUDQW • )XUDQRFRXPDULQV QRGDNHQHWLQ • ,PPXQRVWLPXODQW FROXPELDQLQDQGS\UDQRFRXPDULQ DUHDQWL 254 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Lomatium dissectum (Fern leaf) YLUDODQGSUHYHQWYLUDOUHSOLFDWLRQDQGKRVW References: %UDGIRUG&HWDO1DWLYHDPHULFDQIRRGDQGPHGLFLQDOSODQWV $QWLPLFURELDO FHOOUHVSRQVH$UHDUHSKRWRVHQVLWL]LQJ WHWURQLFDFLGIURPORPDWLXPGLVVHFWXP7HWUDKHGURQ9ROXPH,VVXH 3DJHV • High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• 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSZDWHUVLPPHUPLQ )HE 7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ 7R[LFLW\ • $OVRFDOOHG%LVFXLWURRW • 6RPHLQGLYLGXDOVGHYHORSDSUXULWLF JHQHUDOL]HGPDFXORSDSXODUUDVKWKDWPLPLFV PHDVOHV7KHUDVKUHVROYHVVHYHUDOGD\V DIWHUORPDWLXPLVGLVFRQWLQXHG Contraindications: 1RQHNQRZQ8VHFDXWLRQ L GXHWRSKRWRVHQVLWLYLW\LQIDLUVNLQQHGLQGLYLGX- DOV Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ 0RQRJUDSKV 255 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Lycopus virginicus (Bugleweed) P Aerial 3KHQROLFDFLGGHULYDWLYHV C 9RODWLOHRLO Bitter principle $QWLK\SHUWK\URLG A 1HUYLQHVHGDWLYHUHOD[DQW +\SHUWK\URLGLVP *UDYHVGLVHDVH JRLWHU I $Q[LHW\ ,QVRPQLD +HDUW3DOSLWDWLRQV F Lamiaceae Constituents: L • 3KHQROLFDFLGGHULYDWLYHV FDIIHLF • +LVWRU\RIXVHLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRI*UDYHV¶ URVPDULQLFHXURDELHQROFKORURJHQLF GLVHDVH WR[LFJRLWHUFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\ HOODJLF OXWHROLQ GLIIXVHK\SHUSODVLDRIWKHWK\URLGJODQG • 9RODWLOHRLO • Bitter principle 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • Manganese • 3KHQROLFFRPSRXQGVPD\GHFUHDVH/+ LQKLELW76+IURPELQGLQJWRWKHWK\URLGDQG LQKLELWSHULSKHUDO7FRQYHUVLRQWR7E\OLYHU Medicinal Actions: FHOOVSUHVXPDEO\DVDFRQVHTXHQFHRID • $QWLK\SHUWK\URLG DQWLJRQDGRWURSLF UHGXFHGSHULSKHUDO7GHLRGLQDWLRQ • $QWLPLFURELDO • ,QKLELWVLRGLQHPHWDEROLVPDQGWK\UR[LQH UHOHDVHIURPWKHWK\URLGJODQG • Astringent • 5RVPDULQLFDFLGOXWHROLQDQGHXURDELHQRO • Diuretic DSSHDUUHVSRQVLEOHIRUDQWLPLFURELDOHIIHFWV • 1HUYLQHVHGDWLYH • 3HULSKHUDOYDVRFRQVWULFWRU Medicinal uses: • 5HGXFHVWKHV\PSWRPVRIK\SHUWK\URLGLVP LQFOXGLQJDJLWDWLRQLQVRPQLDSDOSLWDWLRQV DQGZHLJKWORVV 256 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Lycopus virginicus (Bugleweed) 3KDUPDF\ References $XI¶PNRON0HWDO([WUDFWVDQGDXWRR[LGL]HGFRQVWLWXHQWVRIFHUWDLQSODQWVLQ- KLELWWKHUHFHSWRUELQGLQJDQGWKHELRORJLFDODFWLYLW\RI*UDYHV¶LPPXQRJOREXOLQV • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ (QGRFULQRORJ\ 0D\ $XI¶PNRON0HWDO7KHDFWLYHSULQFLSOHVRISODQWH[WUDFWVZLWKDQWLWK\URWURSLF PD[ DFWLYLW\ R[LGDWLRQSURGXFWVRIGHULYDWLYHVRIGLK\GUR[\FLQQDPLFDFLG (QGRFULQRORJ\ 0D\ • 1RWH DOFRKROH[WUDFWDSSHDUVWREHWKHPRVW %HHU$HWDO/\FRSXVHXURSDHXV *\SV\ZRUW (IIHFWVRQWKHWK\URLGDOSDUDP- HWHUVDQGV\PSWRPVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWK\URLGIXQFWLRQ3K\WRPHGLFLQH9ROXPH HI¿FDFLRXVSUHSDUDWLRQDVLWPD[LPL]HVWKH ,VVXHV±-DQXDU\3DJHV± %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HUEDO$GMXQFWV DPRXQWRISKHQROLFFRPSRXQGV FRQVWLWXHQWV ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHDQWLWK\URLGDFWLYLW\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW )LDORYi6HWDO/\FRSXVHXURSDHXV SKHQROLF¿QJHUSULQWDQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\ DQGDQWLPLFURELDOHIIHFWRQFOLQLFDO6WDSK\ORFRFFXVDXUHXVVWUDLQV1DW3URG5HV )HE 5DGXORYLü1HWD$QWLPLFURELDOSKHQROLFDELHWDQHGLWHUSHQHIURP/\FRSXV 7R[LFLW\ HXURSDHXV/ /DPLDFHDH %LRRUJ0HG&KHP/HWW6HS 9RQKRII&HWDO([WUDFWRI/\FRSXVHXURSDHXV/UHGXFHVFDUGLDFVLJQVRI • 1RQHUHSRUWHG K\SHUWK\URLGLVPLQUDWV/LIH6FL)HE :LQWHUKRII+HWDO(QGRFULQHHIIHFWVRI/\FRSXVHXURSDHXV/IROORZLQJRUDO DSSOLFDWLRQ$U]QHLPLWWHOIRUVFKXQJ -DQ Contraindications: DND/\FRSXVHXURSDHXV • +\SRWK\URLGLVPRUQRQWR[LFJRLWHU • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ Interactions: • 0D\LQWHUIHUHZLWKWK\URLGKRUPRQHVDQGRU L UDGLRDFWLYHLRGLQHE\DOWHULQJWKHUHJXODWRU\ PHWDEROLVPRIWK\URLGKRUPRQHV WKHRUHWLFDO 0RQRJUDSKV 257 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Matricaria recutita (German Chamomile) P )ORZHUKHDGV 9RODWLOHRLO C )ODYRQRLGV Mucilage $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF 1HUYLQHVHGDWLYH *,7GLVRUGHUV HJ,%6 FROLWLV I DVVRFLDWHGZLWKDQ[LHW\ ,QVRPQLD UHVWOHVVQHVV F Asteraceae Medicinal Actions: M • $QWLHPHWLF • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $QWLPLFURELDO • Bitter • &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF Constituents: • 'HPXOFHQW • 9RODWLOHRLO DOSKDELVDEROROD]XOHQH • 1HUYLQHVHGDWLYH FKDPD]XOHQH PDWULFLQ • Vulnerary • )ODYRQRLGV DSLJHQLQOXWHROLQTXHUFHWLQ • 6HVTXLWHUSHQHVODFWRQHV Medicinal uses: • &RXPDULQV XPEHOOLIHURQH • ,VVSHFL¿FIRUXVHLQDOONLQGVRI • 6DOLF\OLFDFLG JDVWURLQWHVWLQDOGLVWXUEDQFHVDVVRFLDWHG • &KROLQH ZLWKQHUYRXVLUULWDELOLW\LQWKHWUHDWPHQW RI,%6DQGFROLWLV,W¶VVDIHWRXVHLQFKLOGUHQ • )DWW\DFLGV DQGLW¶VSRZHUIXODQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLRQV • Mucilage PDNHLWXVHIXOLQDOPRVWDQ\FRQGLWLRQ • $VDQHUYLQHVHGDWLYHDQGELWWHUZLOODLG GLJHVWLRQZKLOHSURPRWLQJDUHVWIXOVOHHS 258 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Matricaria recutita (German Chamomile) • 7RSLFDOO\LVZRXQGKHDOLQJDQGDPLOG Interactions: DQHVWKHWLFXVHIXOIRUUKHXPDWLF PXVFXODU • 3RWHQWLDOLQWHUDFWLRQVZLWKDQWLDUUK\WKPLFV SDLQVDQGQHXUDOJLD DQWLFRDJXODQWVDQWLGLDEHWLFDJHQWVDQWL K\SHUWHQVLYHV&16GHSUHVVDQWV6(50V 3KDUPDFRORJ\ DQGVSDVPRO\WLFV • 9RODWLOHRLOV ELVDEROROFKDPD]XOHQH D]XOHQH PDWULFLQ DUHSULPDULO\ References: $PVWHUGDP-HWDO$UDQGRPL]HGGRXEOHEOLQGSODFHERFRQWUROOHGWULDORIRUDO UHVSRQVLEOHIRUDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQWL 0DWULFDULDUHFXWLWD FKDPRPLOH H[WUDFWWKHUDS\IRUJHQHUDOL]HGDQ[LHW\GLVRUGHU -&OLQ3V\FKRSKDUPDFRO $XJ VSDVPRGLFDQGDQWLPLFURELDOHIIHFWV $QRQ0RQRJUDSK 0DWULFDULDFKDPRPLOOD$OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH5HYLHZ9ROXPH 1XPEHU • )ODYRQRLGV HJDSLJHQLQ are %OXPHQWKDO0*ROGEHUJ$%ULQFNPDQQ-HGLWRUV+HUEDO0HGLFLQH ([SDQGHG&RPPLVVLRQ(0RQRJUDSKV$XVWLQ7; $PHULFDQ%RWDQLFDO&RXQFLO DQWLVSDVPRGLFDQGKDYHVHGDWLYHHIIHFWV %RVWRQ ,QWHJUDWLYH0HGLFLQH&RPPXQLFDWLRQV &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW • Sesquiterpene lactonesSRVVLEO\ )HWURZ&:$YLOD-53URIHVVLRQDO¶V+DQGERRNRI&RPSOHPHQWDU\0HGLFLQHV UHVSRQVLEOHIRUDQWLDOOHUJHQLFHIIHFWV UGHG3KLODGHOSKLD3$ /LSSLQFRWW:LOOLDPV :LONLQV *RXOG/HWDO&DUGLDFHIIHFWVRI&KDPRPLOHWHD-&OLQ3KDUPDFRO • &RXPDULQV XPEHOOLIHURQH DQGDQWLIXQJDO .RORG]LHMF]\N&]HSDV-HWDO5DGLFDOVFDYHQJLQJDQGDQWLR[LGDQWHIIHFWV RI0DWULFDULDFKDPRPLOODSRO\SKHQROLFSRO\VDFFKDULGHFRQMXJDWHV,QW-%LRO DQGDQWLEDFWHULDO 0DFURPRO-DQ 5RVV6*HQHUDOL]HGDQ[LHW\GLVRUGHU *$' HI¿FDF\RIVWDQGDUGL]HG 0DWULFDULDUHFXWLWD *HUPDQFKDPRPLOH H[WUDFWLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIJHQHUDOL]HG DQ[LHW\GLVRUGHU+ROLVW1XUV3UDFW1RY'HF 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH 3KDUPDF\ 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSZDWHU VWHHSPLQ FRYHUHG FXS7,' M • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ PD[ • %DWKV6WHDPV(QHPDV • 1RWH ,VEHVWGRVHGRQWKHORZHQGRILWV GRVDJHUDQJHRYHUDORQJSHULRGRIWLPH 7R[LFLW\ • *HQHUDOO\DYHU\VDIHKHUE Contraindications: • 8VHFDXWLRQLQHDUO\SUHJQDQF\DQGLQ VLWXDWLRQVZKHUHVHGDWLRQFRXOGSRVHD GDQJHU • $OOHUJ\WR$VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\ 0RQRJUDSKV 259 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) P Aerial ,VRÀDYRQHV C 6DSRQLQV $ONDORLGV 1XWULWLYH A 5HSURGXFWLYH7RQLF $OWHUDWLYH 306 0HQRSDXVDOFRPSODLQWV I '\VOLSLGHPLD /LYHU'HWR[L¿FDWLRQ F Fabaceae Constituents: • $ONDORLGV DVSUDJLQHVWDFK\GULQH Medicinal uses: M WULJRQHOOLQH • 5LFKLQPDQ\PLQHUDOVDQGYLWDPLQVLVD • ,VRÀDYRQHV IRUPRPHWLQFRXPHVWURO YDOXDEOHQXWULWLYHWKDWFDQVWLPXODWHDSSHWLWH DQGHQKDQFHVRYHUDOOQXWULWLRQZKLOH • 1XWULHQWV 9LWDPLQV.$& PLQHUDOV&D SURPRWLQJWKHGLJHVWLRQ DVVLPLODWLRQRI .)H0J IRRGV • 6DSRQLQV • ,VRIWHQLQFOXGHGLQGHWR[L¿FDWLRQWHDVIRULWV • &RXPDULQV QXWULWLRQDODONDOLQL]LQJDQGFOHDQVLQJDFWLRQV • 3RUSK\ULQV DQGLVDJRRGLQFOXVLRQLQIRUPXODVIRUWKH WUHDWPHQWRIDQHPLDDQGDUWKULWLVGXHWRLWV KLJKQXWULHQWFRQWHQWGLJHVWLYHFKROHUHWLF Medicinal Actions: DQGFKRODJRJXHDFWLRQV • $OWHUDWLYH • $FWLRQVRQWKHUHSURGXFWLYHV\VWHPFDQ EHVXPPDUL]HGDVDUHVWRUDWLYHWRQLFDV • $QWLWXPRURJHQLF SK\WRHVWURJHQLFHIIHFWVUHVWRUHVWUHQJWK • &KROHUHWLF &KRODJRJXH DQGWRQHWRPDPPDU\RYDULDQDQG WLVVXHLQIHPDOHVDQGWRZDUGVWKH • Hepatic uterine SURVWDWHLQPDOHV • +\SROLSLGHPLF • 3K\WRHVWURJHQVPD\KHOSLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRI • 1XWULWLYH RVWHRSRURVLVDQGDYDULHW\RIPHQVWUXDO • 3K\WRHVWURJHQLF 5HSURGXFWLYHWRQLF PHQRSDXVDOFRPSODLQWV • 8WHULQHWRQLF 260 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • $YRLGLQSUHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ SRWHQWLDO XWHULQHVWLPXODQWGXHWRVWDFK\GULQH • ,VRÁDYRQHVDUHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ SK\WRHVWURJHQLFDQGDQWLEDFWHULDO *P EDFWHULD Interactions: PD\GHFUHDVHLQWHVWLQDO • Saponins • 7KHRUHWLFDOLQWHUDFWLRQVZLWKDQWLGLDEHWLF FKROHVWHURODEVRUSWLRQE\ELQGLQJWR DJHQWVHVWURJHQVLPPXQRVXSSUHVVDQWV FKROHVWHURODQGELOHVDOWV SKRWRVHQVLWL]LQJGUXJVWK\URLGPHGLFDWLRQV • 3RUSK\ULQVVWLPXODWHELOHSURGXFWLRQDQG DQGDQWLFRDJXODQWV VHFUHWLRQ • 3DWLHQWVZLWK6/(ZKLOHRQ3UHGQLVRQH • High YLWDPLQ PLQHUDOFRQWHQWVXSSRUW DVPDLQWHQDQFHWKHUDS\PD\VXIIHU WLVVXHVWUHQJWK UHJHQHUDWLRQ H[DFHUEDWLRQIROORZLQJORQJWHUP • $ONDORLG VWDFK\GULQH KDVSRWHQWLDOXWHULQH PRQWK FRQVXPSWLRQ VWLPXODQWHIIHFWV References %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HUEDO$GMXQFWV ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV 3KDUPDF\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSZDWHUFXSV7,' )DUQVZRUWK15HWDO$OIDOIDSLOOVDQGDXWRLPPXQHGLVHDVH$P-&OLQ1XWU 0LOOV6 %RQH.3ULQFLSOHVDQG3UDFWLFHRI3K\WRWKHUDS\ 0RGHUQ+HUEDO • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO 0HGLFLQH&KXUFKLOO/LYLQJVWRQHS 0ROJDDUG-HWDO$OIDOIDVHHGVORZHUORZGHQVLW\OLSRSURWHLQFKROHVWHURODQG ZHHNO\PD[ DSROLSRSURWHLQ%FRQFHQWUDWLRQVLQSDWLHQWVZLWKW\SHK\SHUOLSRSURWHLQHPLD $WKHURVFOHURVLV 0XUUD\0 3L]]RUQR(7H[WERRNRI1DWXUDO0HGLFLQHQGHG&KXUFKLOO /LYLQJVWRQH S M 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH 7R[LFLW\ 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ • $OOHUJLFUHDFWLRQVVXFKDVGHUPDWLWLVDQG SRWHQWLDOIRUDXWRLPPXQHDJJUDYDWLRQV • 7KHVSURXWVKDYHEHHQUHSRUWHGH[DFHUEDWH SDWLHQWVZLWK6/(GXH • 0D\FDXVH*,7XSVHW DEGRPLQDOSDLQDQG GLDUUKHD VWLPXODWHWK\URLGDFWLYLW\DQGKDYH K\SRJO\FHPLFHIIHFWV Contraindications: • 7KRVHZLWKV\VWHPLFOXSXVHU\WKHPDWRVXV 6/( PD\H[SHULHQFHSRWHQWLDOH[DFHUEDWLRQ IURPFKURQLFFRQVXPSWLRQRIWDEOHWVZLWK WKHDPLQRDFLGFRPSRQHQW/FDQDYDQLQH 32LQKXPDQFDVHUHSRUWV SRVVLEO\GXHWR LPPXQRUHJXODWRU\HIIHFWV • 'XHWRVLJQL¿FDQWSK\WRHVWURJHQFRQWHQW DQWLJRQDGRWURSLFHIIHFWV LQUDWV VKHHS 0RQRJUDSKV 261 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 0HOLORWXVRI¿FLQDOLV 6ZHHW&ORYHU P Aerial &RXPDULQV C )ODYRQRLGV Tannins /\PSKDWLF A $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ $QWLWXPRURJHQLF /\PSKHGHPD HVSHFLDOO\SRVW I RSHUDWLYH 9HQRXVLQVXI¿FLHQF\ F Fabaceae Constituents: • &RXPDULQV SUHFXUVRUPHOLORWLVLGH DQGSDUWLFXODUO\WRKHOSSUHYHQWIXUWKHU M XPEHOOLIHURQH VFRSROHWLQ PHWDVWDVLV • )ODYRQRLGV • :LOOEHQH¿WFDVHVRIKHPRUUKRLGV YDULFRVH YHLQVWKURXJKHQKDQFHPHQWRIO\PSKDWLF • 9RODWLOHRLOV IXQFWLRQKHOSWRLQFUHDVHYHQRXVUHWXUQ • Tannins • ,VEHQH¿FLDOLQSRVWRSHUDWLYHHGHPD HJ • &DIIHLFDFLGGHULYDWLYHV PDVWHFWRP\ LPSURYLQJWKRUDFLFGXFWDQG O\PSKÀRZDVZHOOLQFUHDVLQJO\PSKDWLF GUDLQDJH Medicinal Actions: • +DVKLVWRULFDOXVHLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIRYDULDQ • $QWLHGHPDWRXV SDLQG\VPHQRUUKHD QHXUDOJLD • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $QWLWXPRURJHQLF • /\PSKDWLF Medicinal uses: • 8VHLQO\PSKHGHPDFDXVHGE\YHQRXV LQVXI¿FLHQF\HSLVLRWRP\SRVWWUDXPDWLF LQÀDPPDWLRQ¿ODULVLVDQGHOHSKDQWLDVLV FDQFHU PDOLJQDQWPHODQRPDUHQDO FHOOFDUFLQRPDSURVWDWLFFDUFLQRPD 262 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 0HOLORWXVRI¿FLQDOLV 6ZHHW&ORYHU 3KDUPDFRORJ\ References &DWDOGL$HWDO>(IIHFWLYHQHVVRIWKHFRPELQDWLRQRIDOSKDWRFRSKHUROUXWLQ PHOLORWXVDQGFHQWHOODDVLDWLFDLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRISDWLHQWVZLWKFKURQLFYHQRXV • &RXPDULQLVDQWLHGHPDWRXVDQGDQWL LQVXI¿FLHQF\@0LQHUYD&DUGLRDQJLRO$SU &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ LQÀDPPDWRU\E\HQKDQFLQJWKHEUHDNGRZQ 3RVW RISURWHLQDFFXPXODWLRQLQWKHH[WUDFHOOXODU )|OGL%|UFV|N(HWDO>7KHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQGDQWLHGHPDWRXVHIIHFWV RIFRXPDULQVIURP0HOLORWXVRI¿FLQDOLV@$U]QHLPLWWHOIRUVFKXQJ VSDFHVE\PDFURSKDJHVDQGLQKLELWV 'HF 3DVWXUD*HWDO>/\PSKHGHPDRIWKHXSSHUH[WUHPLW\LQSDWLHQWVRSHUDWHG SURVWDJODQGLQIRUPDWLRQ IRUFDUFLQRPDRIWKHEUHDVW FOLQLFDOH[SHULHQFHZLWKFRXPDULQLFH[WUDFWIURP 0HOLORWXVRI¿FLQDOLV@&OLQ7HU 1RY'HF • ,QWKHYDVFXODUV\VWHPFRXPDULQFDXVHV 3OHúFD0DQHD/HWDO(IIHFWVRI0HOLORWXVRI¿FLQDOLVRQDFXWHLQÀDPPDWLRQ 3K\WRWKHU5HV-XQ FRQVWULFWLRQRIWKHSUHFDSLOODU\VSKLQFWHUV 3RGNRO]LQ$HWDO>,PPXQRFRUUHFWLQJDQWLDQHPLDDQGDGDSWRJHQLFHIIHFWV RISRO\VDFFKDULGHVIURP0HOLORWXVRI¿FLQDOLV@%LXOO(NVS%LRO0HG GLODWLRQRIDUWHULRYHQRXVMXQFWLRQVUHVXOWLQJ -XQ LQLPSURYHGEORRGÀRZWRLQMXUHGWLVVXHDQG GHFUHDVHG12V\QWKDVH • 1RWH SURSHUO\GULHGKHUEGRHVQRWKDYH DQWLFRDJXODQWDFWLYLW\XQGHUQRUPDO FLUFXPVWDQFHV+RZHYHULIWKHKHUELV DOORZHGWRIHUPHQWGLFRXPDUROFDQIRUPDQG FRQWULEXWHWREORRGWKLQQLQJ • ,QJHQHUDOWKHRQVHWRIEORRGFRDJXODWLRQ PD\EHVORZHGEXWEOHHGLQJ SURWKURPELQ WLPHVDUHQRWDOWHUHG 3KDUPDF\ M • ,QIXVLRQ 7EVSFXSVWHHSPLQ7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ PD[ • 'ULHGKHUE PJNJ4' 7R[LFLW\ • 1RDGYHUVHHIIHFWVZLWKLQWKHUHFRPPHQGHG GRVDJH Contraindications: • $YRLGLQSDWLHQWVZLWKLPSDLUHGOLYHUIXQFWLRQ RUHOHYDWHGOLYHUHQ]\PHV Interactions: • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKDQWLFRDJXODQWVVDOLF\ODWHV DQGEURPHODLQGXHWRSRWHQWLDOSRWHQWLDWLRQRI KHPRUUKDJLFGLDWKHVLV WKHRUHWLFDO 0RQRJUDSKV 263 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV /HPRQ%DOP P Aerial 9RODWLOHRLO C 3RO\SKHQROV Tannin &DUGLDFWRQLF A &DUPLQDWLYH DQWLVSDVPRGLF 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH 7RQLF '\VSHSVLDDVVRFLDWHGZLWK GHSUHVVLRQDQ[LHW\DQGRUKHDUW I SDOSLWDWLRQV +\SHUWK\URLGLVP $QWLPLFURELDO DQWLYLUDO F Lamiaceae M Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 9RODWLOHRLO FLWUDOFLWURQHOODOFLWURQHOORO • +DVVSHFL¿FXVHIRUG\VSHSVLDDVVRFLDWHG JHUDQLRO ZLWKDQ[LHW\DQGRUDGHSUHVVLYHPRRG • 3RO\SKHQROV FKORURJHQLFURVPDULQLFDQG • ,WLVLQGLFDWHGIRUVRPHRQHZLWKV\PSWRPV FDIIHLFDFLGV W\SLFDORIK\SHUWK\URLGLVP LQKLELWV76+ ELQGLQJWRUHFHSWRUV DQ[LHW\UHVWOHVVQHVV • Tannin SDOSLWDWLRQVKHDGDFKHDQGH[FLWDELOLW\DQG • Bitter principle DOVRLVDPLOGDQWLGHSUHVVDQW • )ODYRQRLGV OXWHROLQTXHUFLWLQDSLJHQLQ • ,WVWUHQJWKHQVWKHEUDLQDQGLWVUHVLVWDQFHWR NDHPSIHURO VWUHVVVKRFNDQGOLIWVWKHVSLULWV • +DVWRQLFHIIHFWVRQWKHKHDUWDQGFLUFXODWRU\ V\VWHP Medicinal Actions: • &DQDOVREHXVHGWRSLFDOO\IRUJRXWDQG • $QWLPLFURELDO LQWHUQDOO\IRUUKHXPDWLVPKHUSHVDQGRWKHU • $QWLWK\URLG YLUDOLQIHFWLRQVDQGQHXUDOJLDV • &DUGLRWRQLF • &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF • 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH 7RQLF 264 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV /HPRQ%DOP 3KDUPDFRORJ\ Interactions: • $QWLYLUDOSURSHUWLHVDUHPDLQO\GXHWRWKH • 1RQHUHSRUWHG8VHFDXWLRQZLWK&16 R[LGDWLRQSURGXFWVRIFDIIHLFDFLGDQGLWV GHSUHVVDQWVDQGWK\URLGPHGLFDWLRQV GHULYDWLYHV • 9RODWLOHRLOV FLWUDOFLWURQHOODOFLWURQHOORO References: JHUDQLRO DUHDQWLVHSWLFDQWLVSDVPRGLFDQG $OLMDQLKD)HWDO+HDUWSDOSLWDWLRQUHOLHIZLWK0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLVOHDIH[WUDFW 'RXEOHEOLQGUDQGRPL]HGSODFHERFRQWUROOHGWULDORIHI¿FDF\DQGVDIHW\- FDOPLQJWRWKHQHUYRXVV\VWHP (WKQRSKDUPDFRO)HESLL 6 $ZDG5HWDO(IIHFWVRIWUDGLWLRQDOO\XVHGDQ[LRO\WLFERWDQLFDOVRQHQ]\PHVRI SRO\SKHQROVPD\EH WKHJDPPDDPLQREXW\ULFDFLG *$%$ V\VWHP&DQ-3K\VLRO3KDUPDFRO • Flavonoids 6HS UHVSRQVLEOHIRULQKLELWLQJ76+DQGDXWR &DVHV-HWDO3LORWWULDORI0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV/OHDIH[WUDFWLQWKHWUHDWPHQW RIYROXQWHHUVVXIIHULQJIURPPLOGWRPRGHUDWHDQ[LHW\GLVRUGHUVDQGVOHHS DQWLERGLHVIURPELQGLQJRQ76+UHFHSWRUV GLVWXUEDQFHV0HG-1XWULWLRQ0HWDE'HF &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ WKRXJKLWLVQRWFOHDULIGHFUHDVHVWK\URLG 3RVW +ăQFLDQX0HWDO&KHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQDQGLQYLWURDQWLPLFURELDODFWLYLW\RI DFWLYLW\ HVVHQWLDORLORI0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV/IURP5RPDQLD5HY0HG&KLU6RF0HG1DW ,DVL-XO6HS • +DVGHPRQVWUDWHGQHXUREODVWGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ 7DLZR$HWDO$Q[LRO\WLFDQGDQWLGHSUHVVDQWOLNHHIIHFWVRI0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV OHPRQEDOP H[WUDFWLQUDWV ,QÀXHQFHRIDGPLQLVWUDWLRQDQGJHQGHU,QGLDQ- GHFUHDVHGVHUXPFRUWLFRVWHURQHOHYHOV 3KDUPDFRO0DU M 3KDUPDF\ • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXS%,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ • 7RSLFDOO\ SRXOWLFHFRPSUHVVHWF 7R[LFLW\ • 1RQHH[SHFWHGZLWKLQUHFRPPHQGHGGRVHV • 7KHRUHWLFDOO\PD\LQWHUIHUHZLWKWK\URLG KRUPRQHDFWLYLW\DQGFDXVHVOHHSLQHVV Contraindications: • $YRLGLQK\SRWK\URLG 0RQRJUDSKV 265 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Mentha piperita (Peppermint) P Aerial parts 9RODWLOHRLO PHQWKRO C Tannins 3KHQROLFDFLGV PHWK\OVDOLF\ODWHV $QWLHPHWLF A &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF 1HUYLQH 6HGDWLYHRU6WLPXODQW 6SDVPRGLFFRQGLWLRQVZLWKFDWDUUK I ,%6 LQWHVWLQDOFROLF 1DXVHD F Lamiaceae Medicinal Actions: M • Analgesic • $QWLHPHWLF • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $QWLPLFURELDO Constituents: • &DUPLQDWLYH $QWLVSDVPRGLF • 9RODWLOHRLO PHQWKRO PHQWKRQH • &KROHUHWLF FKRODJRJXH • Tannins • 'LDSKRUHWLF • Bitter principle • ([SHFWRUDQW • 3KHQROLFDFLGV PHWK\OVDOLF\ODWHV • 1HUYLQH 6HGDWLYHRU6WLPXODQW URVPDULQLFFKORURJHQLF FDIIHLF • )ODYRQRLGV OXWHROLQUXWLQ KHVSHULGLQ Medicinal uses: • *XP UHVLQV • :LOOLQKLELWPXFRXVVHFUHWLRQWHPSRUDULO\ • 1XWULHQWV FDURWHQHVFKROLQHYLWDPLQ( GXHWRPHQWKROFRPSRQHQW,WFDQEHXVHG PLQHUDOV ZKHQHYHUWKHUHLVH[FHVVPXFRXVVHFUHWHG KHOSLQJDOVRZLWKLWVDQWLVSDVPRGLFDQG FDUPLQDWLYHHIIHFWV • ,VRQHRIWKHEHVWFDUPLQDWLYHVDYDLODEOH KDYLQJDUHOD[LQJHIIHFWRQYLVFHUDOPXVFOHV 266 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Mentha piperita (Peppermint) DQGUHOLHYLQJLQWHVWLQDOFROLF ÀDWXOHQFHDQG Interactions: LQ,%6 • 2LOKDVSRWHQWLDOLQWHUDFWLRQZLWKDQWL • A PLOGDQDHVWKHWLFWRWKHVWRPDFKZDOOWKDW K\SHUWHQVLYHV PD\EORFNFDOFLXPFKDQQHOV KHOSVZLWKIHHOLQJVRIQDXVHDGXULQJWUDYHO DQGFDXVHK\SRWHQVLRQ DQGPD\LQFUHDVH RUSUHJQDQF\ F\FORVSRULQHOHYHOV • (VVHQWLDORLOFDQEHXVHGWRSLFDOO\IRU UKHXPDWLVPVSUDLQV VWUDLQV References: &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW )LQDO5HSRUWRQWKH6DIHW\$VVHVVPHQWRI0HQWKD3LSHULWD2LOOHDIH[WUDFWDQG 3KDUPDFRORJ\ OHDIZDWHU,QW-7R[LFRO 6 *ULJROHLW+*3HSSHUPLQWRLOLQLUULWDEOHERZHOV\QGURPH3K\WRPHGLFLQH • 92 PHQWKRO LVDQWLWXVVLYHDQWLVHSWLF 3LWWOHU0 (UQVW(3HSSHUPLQWRLOIRULUULWDEOHERZHOV\QGURPH DFULWLFDO UHYLHZDQGPHWDDQDO\VLV$P-*DVWURHQWHURO WRSLFDODQDOJHVLFDQGLUULWDQW 0F.D\' %OXPEHUJ-$UHYLHZRIWKHELRDFWLYLW\DQGSRWHQWLDOKHDOWK EHQH¿WVRISHSSHUPLQWWHD 0HQWKDSLSHULWD/ 3K\WRWKHU5HV • 92UHOD[HVVPRRWKPXVFOHDQGDFWVDVDQ $XJ 1RONHPSHU6HWDO$QWLYLUDOHIIHFWRIDTXHRXVH[WUDFWVIURPVSHFLHVRIWKH DQWLVSDVPRGLFDQGDFRROLQJFDUPLQDWLYH /DPLDFHDHIDPLO\DJDLQVW+HUSHVVLPSOH[YLUXVW\SHDQGW\SHLQYLWUR3ODQWD 0HG'HF &DUPLQDWLYHHIIHFWVDFWE\UHOD[LQJ 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ HVRSKDJHDOVSKLQFWHUDQGDOORZLQJDLUWREH 7D\DUDQL1DMDUDQ=HWDO$QWLHPHWLFDFWLYLW\RIYRODWLOHRLOIURP0HQWKDVSLFDWD DQG0HQWKDîSLSHULWDLQFKHPRWKHUDS\LQGXFHGQDXVHDDQGYRPLWLQJ(FDQFHU- UHOHDVHG PHGLFDOVFLHQFH 3KDUPDF\ • ,QIXVLRQ WEVSFXSLQIXVHPLQ M • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ • 'ULHGKHUE J7,' • (VVHQWLDORLOVWHDPLQKDODWLRQVEDWKWRSLFDO UXEPDVVDJHRLO 7R[LFLW\ • +LJKGRVHHVVHQWLDORLOFDQFDXVHEXUQLQJ DQGLUULWDWLRQDQGPD\H[DFHUEDWH*(5' DQGG\VSHSVLDLQVRPHLQGLYLGXDOV Contraindications: • $YRLGWRSLFDODSSOLFDWLRQRIRLOWREURNHQVNLQ • 8VHFDXWLRQLQKLVWRU\RI*(5'ELOHGXFW REVWUXFWLRQJDOOVWRQHVKLDWDOKHUQLDDQG OLYHUGLVHDVH • ,QWHUQDOXVHRIRLOLQSUHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ 0RQRJUDSKV 267 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 2SORSDQD[KRUULGXV 'HYLO¶V&OXE P ,QQHUURRWEDUN 9RODWLOHRLO C *O\FRVLGHV DUDOLDVLGHV SDQD[RVLGHV $OWHUDWLYH A $QWLUKHXPDWLF +\SRJO\FHPLF &DQFHUDGMXQFW I 5KHXPDWLVP P\DOJLDV 'LDEHWHV EORRGVXJDUG\VUHJXODWLRQ F Araliaceae O Constituents: • $QWLPLFURELDO • 9RODWLOHRLO VHVTXLWHUSHQHV • $QWLUKHXPDWLF • *O\FRVLGHV DUDOLDVLGHV SDQD[RVLGHV • $QWLWXPRUJHQLF &KHPRSURWHFWLYH • 3RO\\QHGHULYDWLYHV RSORSDQWULRO$ • (PHWLF IDOFDULQGLRO • ([SHFWRUDQW • 3K\WRVWHUROV • +\SRJO\FHPLF • 3KHQ\OSURSDQRLG SKHQROLFFRPSRXQGV IHUXOLFDFLG FDIIHLFDFLGV Medicinal uses: • &RXPDULQV VFRSROHWLQ HVFXOHWLQ • ,QPXVFXORVNHOHWDOFRQGLWLRQVFDQEHDSSOLHG • /LJQDQV WRSLFDOO\RUWDNHQLQWHUQDOO\IRUDFKHVDQG SDLQVDUWKULWLVUKHXPDWLVPDQGEURNHQ ERQHV Medicinal Actions: • $OWHUDWLYH • 5HFHQWVWXGLHVKDYHVKRZQSURPLVLQJ DQWLFDQFHUSRWHQWLDOLQEUHDVWFRORQDQG • Analgesic KHPDWRORJLFDOPDOLJQDQFLHV • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ 268 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 2SORSDQD[KRUULGXV 'HYLO¶V&OXE • $OVRWUHDWVLQIHFWLRQVDQGEORRGGLVRUGHUV 7R[LFLW\ DQGLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIGLDEHWHV • +LJKGRVHVDUHHPHWLF SXUJDWLYH • 1RWH DOWKRXJKDVLVDPHPEHURIWKH JLQVHQJIDPLO\KDVVRPHSKDUPDFRORJLFDO DQGWKHUDSHXWLFVLPLODULWLHVLWLVQRWWREH Contraindications: 1RQHNQRZQ FRQVLGHUHGD³PLQGHQKDQFHU´DQGLWVPRGHUQ XVHDVDVXEVWLWXWHIRUJLQVHQJLVWKHUHVXOWRI PDUNHWLQJ Interactions:1RQHNQRZQ 3KDUPDFRORJ\ 127( $QHQGDQJHUHGSODQW • 3RO\\QHV 2SORSDQWULRO$ )DOFDULQGLRO KDYHEHHQVKRZQLQYLYRWRVLJQL¿FDQWO\ References: &DOZD\7HWDO&KHPLFDODQGSKDUPDFRORJLFDOVWXGLHVRI2SORSDQD[KRUULGXV VXSSUHVVWXPRUJURZWK DSRSWRVLV D1RUWK$PHULFDQERWDQLFDO-1DW0HG$SU &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ XSUHJXODWLQJWKHH[SUHVVLRQRIDFOXVWHU 3RVW RIJHQHVHVSHFLDOO\WKHWXPRUQHFURVLV +XDQJ:HWDO&KHPLFDOFRQVWLWXHQWVRIWKHSODQWVIURPWKHJHQXV2SORSDQD[ &KHP%LRGLYHUV)HE IDFWRUUHFHSWRUIDPLO\DQGFDVSDVHIDPLO\ 0F*LOO&HWDO([WUDFWVRI'HYLO¶VFOXE 2SORSDQD[KRUULGXV H[HUWWKHUDSHXWLF HI¿FDF\LQH[SHULPHQWDOPRGHOVRIDFXWHP\HORLGOHXNHPLD3K\WRWKHU5HV )DOFDULQGLROVKRZHGWKHPRVWSRWHQW 6HS 6XQ6HWDO+\GURSKRELFFRQVWLWXHQWVDQGWKHLUSRWHQWLDODQWLFDQFHUDFWLYLWLHV DQWLSUROLIHUDWLYHHIIHFWVVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQGXFLQJ IURP'HYLO¶V&OXE 2SORSDQD[KRUULGXV0LT -(WKQRSKDUPDFRO2FW SURDSRSWRVLVDQGFHOOF\FOHDUUHVWLQWKH6 :DQJ&HWDO,GHQWL¿FDWLRQRISRWHQWLDODQWLFDQFHUFRPSRXQGVIURP2SORSDQD[ DQG*0SKDVHV KRUULGXV3K\WRPHGLFLQH$XJ =KDQJ=HWDO&KHPRSUHYHQWLYHHIIHFWVRIRSORSDQWULRO$DQRYHOFRPSRXQG LVRODWHGIURP2SORSDQD[KRUULGXVRQFRORUHFWDOFDQFHU1XWULHQWV-XO • 5RRWH[WUDFWVGLVSOD\DQWLW\URVLQHNLQDVH DFWLYLW\LQGHSHQGHQWRIDQDQWLR[LGDQW HIIHFWLQYLWURDQGLPSURYHG&'7FHOO IXQFWLRQDOLW\LQYLYR O • 9RODWLOHRLODQGSRO\\QHVKDYHDQWLEDFWHULDO DQGDQWLGLDEHWLFHIIHFWV 3KDUPDF\ • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXS7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ • 7RSLFDOV 6WHDPEDWKSRXOWLFHHWF 0RQRJUDSKV 269 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Panax ginseng (Chinese or Korean Ginseng) P 5RRW 6DSRQLQV JLQVHQRVLGHV C 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV $FHW\OHQLFDOFRKROV $GDSWRJHQ DGUHQDOUHVWRUDWLYH A ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU 1HUYLQH6WLPXODQW 7RQLF 7RLPSURYHPHQWDO SK\VLFDOVWDPLQD ,QFUHDVHWKUHVKROGRIUHVLVWDQFHWR I stress )HUWLOLW\ ORZOLELGR F Araliaceae Constituents: • &DUGLRWRQLF • 6WHURLGDODQGWULWHUSHQRLGVDSRQLQV • Diuretic JLQVHQRVLGHVJLQSDQD[RVLGHV • +HSDWRSURWHFWLYH SURWRSDQD[DWULRO • +\SRJO\FHPLF P • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV JO\FDQV • ,PPXQRPRGXODWRU • $FHW\OHQLFDOFRKROV SDQD[\QRODQG SDQD[\GRO SRO\DFHW\OHQHV JLQVHQR\QHV • 1HUYLQH6WLPXODQW 7RQLF $. • 6HVTXLWHUSHQHV %HOHPHQHSDQDVLQVDQRO Medicinal uses: $DQG%JLQVHQRO • 8VHGWRLPSURYHPHQWDO SK\VLFDO • 6WHUROV VWDPLQDDQGSHUIRUPDQFHDVZHOODV • )ODYRQRLGV SURPRWHORQJHYLW\ • $PLQRDFLGV • ,WSURPRWHVPHWDEROLVPDQGJURZWKRIQRUPDO FHOOVDQGDFFHOHUDWHVGHYHORSPHQWRIERWK • 9RODWLOHRLOV WKHEUDLQDQGERG\ Medicinal Actions: • ,QFUHDVHVPXVFOHPDVVDQGUHVLVWDQFHWR • $GDSWRJHQ DGUHQDOUHVWRUDWLYH ELRORJLFDOFKHPLFDODQGSK\VLFDOVWUHVV • $QWLR[LGDQW • ,QZRPHQJLQVHQJSURPRWHVDQHVWURJHQLF • $QWLVSDVPRGLF HIIHFWDQGLQPHQFDQHQKDQFHIHUWLOLW\DQG HVSHFLDOO\ORZOLELGR • $SKURGLVLDF 270 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Panax ginseng (Chinese or Korean Ginseng) 3KDUPDFRORJ\ Contraindications: • 6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQV JLQVHQRVLGHV • $YRLGLQKLVWRU\RIDUUK\WKPLDDFXWHDVWKPD JLQSDQD[RVLGHV SURWRSDQD[DWULRO KDYH K\SHUWHQVLRQDFXWHLQIHFWLRQVDQG$'+' FRUWLFRVWHURLGOLNHDFWLRQDQGLQKLELWUHXSWDNH • 8VHFDXWLRQZLWKDFXWHLQIHFWLRQDQG RI*$%$1(GRSDPLQHJOXDWPDWHDQG LQÀDPPDWRU\GLVHDVHVLQK\SHUWHQVH VHURWRQLQ SHRSOHDQGLQFKLOGUHQ • Protopanaxatriol UHGXFHV$&7+VWLPXODWHG Interactions: FRUWLVROSURGXFWLRQDQGVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQKLELW WKHSURGXFWLRQRIFRUWLFRVWHURQHLQDGRVH • $YRLGXVHZLWKRWKHUVWLPXODQWV HJ GHSHQGHQWPDQQHU FDIIHLQH • ,QGLYLGXDOJLQVHQRVLGHVPD\KDYHRSSRVLWH • 7KHRUHWLFDOO\LQWHUDFWZLWKDQWLSV\FKRWLFV HIIHFWVVXFKDVYDVRFRQVWULFWLRQ GLODWLRQ 0$2,VVHGDWLYHVLPPXQRVXSSUHVVDQWV LQFUHDVH GHFUHDVHFDUGLDFSHUIRUPDQFH DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHVDQWLFRDJXODQWV KHPRVWDWLF DQWLFRDJXODQWDQG&16 DQWLGLDEHWLFDJHQWVDQGRWKHUKRUPRQH VWLPXODQW GHSUHVVDQW WKHUDSLHV 3RO\VDFFKDULGHVDUHDQWLR[LGDQW References: • %UD]$HWDO(IIHFWVRI3DQD[JLQVHQJH[WUDFWLQSDWLHQWVZLWK¿EURP\DOJLD D K\SRJO\FHPLFDQGDQWLWXPRU ZHHNUDQGRPL]HGGRXEOHEOLQGSODFHERFRQWUROOHGWULDO5HY%UDV3VLTXLDWU 0DU %XHWWQHU&HWDO6\VWHPDWLFUHYLHZRIWKHHIIHFWVRIJLQVHQJRQFDUGLRYDVFXODU •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• 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSVLPPHUPLQ7,' 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ :DQJ-HWDO7KHHIIHFWLYHPHFKDQLVPRIWKHSRO\VDFFKDULGHVIURP3DQD[ • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO JLQVHQJRQFKURQLFIDWLJXHV\QGURPH$UFK3KDUP5HV$SU ZHHNO\PD[ P • 'ULHGURRW VKRUWWHUPJ4'ORQJWHUP 4' PJFDSVXOHVWDQGDUGL]HGWR *LQVHQJKDVEHHQDQLPSRUWDQWSDUW JLQVHQRVLGHV PJGDLO\ RIWKHPHGLFLQHRI&KLQD 7LEHWIRU WKRXVDQGVRI\HDUV,Q6KHQ1XQJ¶V • 1RWH 3DXVHGRVLQJZHHNRQZHHNVRII 0DWHULD0HGLFD $' LVWZDV DYRLGORQJWHUPXVHXQOHVVLQORZGRVHV GHVFULEHGDV³DWRQLFWRWKH¿YHYLVFHUD 7R[LFLW\ TXLHWLQJWKHVSLULWVHVWDEOLVKLQJWKH VRXODOOD\LQJIHDUH[SHOOLQJHYLO • 2YHUGRVHFDQFDXVHSDOSLWDWLRQVLQVRPQLD EULJKWHQLQJWKHH\HVRSHQLQJWKHKHDUW FKHVWSDLQYRPLWLQJKHDGDFKHVDQG EHQH¿WLQJXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGLIWDNHQ HSLVWD[LV IRUVRPHWLPHLQYLJRUDWLQJWKHERG\ • 3RVVLEOHDGYHUVHUHDFWLRQVLQFOXGHDOOHUJLF DQGSURORQJLQJOLIH´ UHDFWLRQ&16FDUGLRYDVFXODUDQGHQGRFULQH GLVWXUEDQFHV • 1RWH 5HSRUWVRQVLGHHIIHFWVDUH FRQWURYHUVLDOGXHWRODFNRILQIRUPDWLRQRQWKH W\SHRIJLQVHQJXVHGLQVWXGLHVWKRXJKGHDWK UHSRUWVH[LVW 0RQRJUDSKV 271 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 3DVVLÁRUDLQFDUQDWD 3DVVLRQÁRZHU P Aerial ,QGROHDONDORLGV C )ODYRQRLGV Chrysin $QWLVSDVPRGLF A &DUGLDFWRQLF 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH +\SQRWLF $Q[LHW\ZLWKWDFK\FDUGLD I ,QVRPQLD UHVWOHVVQHVV 0XVFOH QHUYRXVWHQVLRQ F 3DVVLÀRUDFHDH Constituents: • Diuretic • ,QGROHDONDORLGV KDUPROKDUPLQHKDUPDQ • +\SRWHQVLYH KDUPDOLQH • 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH +\SQRWLF • )ODYRQRLGV &KU\VLQYLWH[LQLVRYLW[HLQ P KRPRRULHQWLQRULHQWLQUXWLQNDHPSIHURO TXHUFLWLQ Medicinal uses: • )DWW\DFLGV OLQROHLFOLQROHQLFSDOPLWLF • +DVDGHSUHVVDQWHIIHFWRQ&16DFWLYLW\DQG ROHLFP\ULVWLF LVXVHGLQK\SHUWHQVLYHFRQGLWLRQVRIERWK VPRRWK VNHOHWDOPXVFOH • $FLGV IRUPLF EXW\ULF • ,VXVHGIRULWVVHGDWLYHDQGVRRWKLQJ • &RXPDULQV SURSHUWLHVWRORZHUEORRGSUHVVXUH • &\DQRJHQLFJO\FRVLGHV SUHYHQWWDFK\FDUGLDDQGIRUERWKDQ[LHW\ • 9RODWLOHRLO LQVRPQLD • &DQEHXVHGVDIHO\IRUQHUYRXVWHQVLRQDQG UHVWOHVVQHVVPXVFOHVSDVPKHDGDFKHV Medicinal Actions: LUUHJXODUVOHHSSDWWHUQVLUULWDELOLW\QHXUDOJLDV • Analgesic DQGDQ\FRQGLWLRQLQZKLFKDQDQWLVSDVPRGLF ZRXOGEHEHQH¿FLDO • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • Bitter • &DUGLRWRQLF 272 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 3DVVLÁRUDLQFDUQDWD 3DVVLRQÁRZHU 3KDUPDFRORJ\ ,QGROHDONDORLGV KDUPDOLQH KDYHPXVFOH • ,Q7&03DVVLRQÀRZHULVXVHGWR UHOD[DQWDQGVHGDWLYHHIIHFWV QRXULVK\LQ WKHKHDUWDQGWRFDOP • Flavonoids DUHDQWLVSDVPRGLFDQWL WKHVSLULW,WKDVDORQJXVHLQ&KLQHVH LQÀDPPDWRU\DQGVHGDWLYH PHGLFLQH1DWLYH$PHULFDQPHGLFLQH DQGZDVKLJKO\UHJDUGHGE\WKH • &KU\VLQPD\EHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUDQ[LRO\WLF HIIHFWVPHGLDWHGYLDPRGXODWLRQRIWKH*$%$ (FOHFWLFVIRUZLGHUDQJHRIXVHV V\VWHPLQFOXGLQJDI¿QLW\WR*$%$UHFHSWRUV DQGHIIHFWVRQ*$%$UHXSWDNH 3KDUPDF\ • ,QIXVLRQ WVSSHUFXS%,'7,' • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ PD[ • 1RWH 3DXVHZHHNVRQGD\VRIIZLWKORQJ WHUPGRVLQJ 7R[LFLW\ • 3RVVLEOHPLOGQHUYHDQGPXVFOHLUULWDWLRQZLWK ORQJWHUPXVH &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV 1RQHNQRZQ Interactions: P • 3RWHQWLDODGGLWLYHHIIHFWVZLWKVOHHSDLGV EDUELWXUDWHVDQGRWKHU&16GHSUHVVDQWV References: $NKRQG]DGHK6HWDO3DVVLRQÀRZHULQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIJHQHUDOL]HGDQ[LHW\ DSLORW GRXEOHEOLQGUDQGRPL]HGFRQWUROOHGWULDOZLWKR[D]HSDP-&OLQ3KDUP7KHU 2FW $SSHO.HWDO0RGXODWLRQRIWKHȖDPLQREXW\ULFDFLG *$%$ V\VWHPE\3DVVLÀRUD LQFDUQDWD/3K\WRWKHU5HV-XQ %URZQ(HWDO(YDOXDWLRQRIWKHDQ[LRO\WLFHIIHFWVRIFKU\VLQD3DVVLÀRUDLQFDUQDWD H[WUDFWLQWKHODERUDWRU\UDW$$1$-2FW &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ3RVW 'KDZDQ.HWDO3DVVLÀRUD DUHYLHZXSGDWH-RXUQDORI(WKQRSKDUPDFRORJ\9ROXPH ,VVXH6HSWHPEHU3DJHV± *UXQGPDQQ2HWDO$Q[LRO\WLFDFWLYLW\RIDSK\WRFKHPLFDOO\FKDUDFWHUL]HG3DV- VLÀRUDLQFDUQDWDH[WUDFWLVPHGLDWHGYLDWKH*$%$HUJLFV\VWHP3ODQWD0HG 'HF 1JDQ$HWDO$GRXEOHEOLQGSODFHERFRQWUROOHGLQYHVWLJDWLRQRIWKHHIIHFWVRI 3DVVLÀRUDLQFDUQDWD SDVVLRQÀRZHU KHUEDOWHDRQVXEMHFWLYHVOHHSTXDOLW\3K\WRWKHU 5HV$XJ 6DUULV-HWDO+HUEDOPHGLFLQHIRUGHSUHVVLRQDQ[LHW\DQGLQVRPQLD DUHYLHZ RISV\FKRSKDUPDFRORJ\DQGFOLQLFDOHYLGHQFH(XU1HXURSV\FKRSKDUPDFRO 'HF 6RXOLPDQL5HWDO%HKDYLRXUDOHIIHFWVRI3DVVLÀRUDLQFDUQDWD/DQGLWVLQGROH DONDORLGDQGÀDYRQRLGGHULYDWLYHVDQGPDOWROLQWKHPRXVH-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO -XQ :RKOPXWK+HWDO3KDUPDFRJQRV\DQGFKHPRW\SHVRISDVVLRQÀRZHU 3DVVLÀRUD LQFDUQDWD/ %LRO3KDUP%XOO 0RQRJUDSKV 273 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Phytolacca decandra/americana (Pokeroot) P 5RRW 7ULWHUSHQHVDSRQLQV C SK\WRODFFRVLGHV /HFWLQV SRNHZHHGPLWRJHQ $OWHUDWLYH A $QWLPLFURELDO ,PPXQRVWLPXODQW /\PSKDWLF /\PSKDGHQRSDWK\ *RLWHU I ,QIHFWLRQV LQÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQV RIWKH857 F Phytolaccaeae Constituents: • $QWLUKHXPDWLF • $ONDORLGV SK\WRODFFLQ SK\WRODFFDQLQ • (PHWLF SXUJDWLYH • 7ULWHUSHQHVDSRQLQV SK\WRODFFRVLGHV • ([SHFWRUDQW P SK\WRODFFDJHQLQ • ,PPXQRVWLPXODQW • /HFWLQV SRNHZHHGPLWRJHQ • /\PSKDWLF • 3RNHZHHGDQWLYLUDOSURWHLQ 3$3 • 3K\WRODFFLFDFLG Medicinal uses: • 5HVLQ • It has a VSHFLÀFDFWLRQRQWKHO\PSKDWLF • Tannins V\VWHPGHFUHDVLQJLQÀDPPDWLRQDQG • 2OHDQROLFDFLG LQFUHDVLQJO\PSKDWLFGUDLQDJHDQG LQÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQVRIWKHXSSHU UHVSLUDWRU\WUDFW Medicinal Actions: • ,WFDQEHDSSOLHGWRSLFDOO\DQGRUWDNHQ • $OWHUDWLYH LQWHUQDOO\IRUVZROOHQJODQGVDQGO\PSK QRGHV HJ*RLWHU • Anti-catarrhal • ,VPRVWLQGLFDWHGLQFDVHVRIKDUGO\PSK • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ QRGHVZLWKSDOHPXFRXVPHPEUDQHV,V • $QWLPLFURELDO LQGLFDWHGLQPDVWLWLVVRUHQLSSOHVDQGF\VWLF EUHDVWWLVVXH 274 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Phytolacca decandra/americana (Pokeroot) 3KDUPDFRORJ\ Contraindications: • 7ULWHUSHQHVDSRQLQV SK\WRODFFRVLGHV are • 3UHJQDQF\ /DFWDWLRQ DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQWLFDWDUUKDODQGKDYH • .LGQH\GLVHDVH DONDORLGLVHOLPLQDWHG DQWLFDQFHUSURSHUWLHV WKURXJKWKHNLGQH\V *,7LQÀDPPDWLRQDQG • /HFWLQV SRO\VDFFKDULGHV²DNDSRNHZHHG LQO\PSKRF\WLFOHXNHPLD PLWRJHQ DUHPLWRJHQLFLPPXQRVWLPXODQW RI% 7O\PSKRF\WHV DQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ /HFWLQVVWLPXODWHSHULSKHUDOO\PSKRF\WHV Interactions:3RWHQWLDOWRDQWDJRQL]HHIIHFWVRI WRXQGHUJRPLWRVLVE\ELQGLQJWRWKHLUFHOO LPPXQRVXSSUHVVDQWV VXUIDFHV • 3RNHZHHGDQWLYLUDOSURWHLQ 3$3 LVD References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• 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSZDWHU FXS7,' E\DFWLYDWLQJWKHFHOOXODUPLWRJHQDFWLYDWHGSURWHLQNLQDVHSDWKZD\3/R62QH H • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO 3DWUD-HWDO$QWLEDFWHULDOHIIHFWRIFUXGHH[WUDFWDQGPHWDEROLWHVRI3K\WRODFFD DPHULFDQDRQSDWKRJHQVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUSHULRGRQWDOLQÀDPPDWRU\GLVHDVHVDQG ZHHNO\PD[ GHQWDOFDULHV%0&&RPSOHPHQW$OWHUQ0HG6HS :DQJ+HWDO>(IIHFWVRI3K\WRODFFDDFLQRVDSRO\VDFFKDULGHV,,RQO\PSKRF\WH SUROLIHUDWLRQDQGFRORQ\VWLPXODWLQJIDFWRUSURGXFWLRQIURPPLFHVSOHQRF\WHVLQ • 3RXOWLFH &DXWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQRIIUHVKSODQW YLWUR@ P 7R[LFLW\ • 7KHDONDORLGSK\WRODFFLQFDQEHWR[LF ,WDIIHFWVWKHPHGXOODLQWKHEUDLQFDXVLQJ SDUDO\VLVEUDG\FDUGLDGHFUHDVHGUHVSLUDWLRQ DQGGHFUHDVHGVNHOHWDOPXVFOHFRRUGLQDWLRQ 7KHVHDONDORLGVFDQEXLOGXSLQWKHERG\DQG EHDWSRWHQWLDOO\WR[LFOHYHOVIRUZHHNV 7KHUHIRUHLIDQ\WR[LFHIIHFWVDUHQRWLFHG VWRSWKHXVHRIWKLVKHUELPPHGLDWHO\ • 7R[LFHIIHFWVLQFOXGH YRPLWLQJGLDUUKHD QDXVHDVWRPDFKFUDPSVGL]]LQHVV K\SRWHQVLRQGHFUHDVHGUHVSLUDWLRQDQG KHDGDFKHV$OVRDKVPLWRJHQLFDFWLRQDQG PD\FDXVHEORRGFHOODEQRUPDOLWLHV 0RQRJUDSKV 275 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Pimpinella anisum (Aniseed) P )UXLW6HHG 9RODWLOHRLO C &RXPDULQV )ODYRQRLGJO\FRVLGHV $QWLVSDVPRGLF &DUPLQDWLYH A *DODFWRJRJXH ([SHFWRUDQW %URQFKLDODQGRULQWHVWLQDOVSDVP I ,QÀDPPDWLRQV LQIHFWLRQVRIWKH857 ,QFUHDVHPLONSURGXFWLRQLQODFWDWLRQ F Apiaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • 9RODWLOHRLO DQHWKROHIRHQLFXOLQ • ,VDUHOLDEOHFDUPLQDWLYHLQFDVHVRI ȖKLPDFKDOHQHFLVLVRHXJHQROWHUSLQHRO IXQFWLRQDOG\VSHSVLD OLQDORRO • ,VDQH[FHOOHQWH[SHFWRUDQWDQWLVSDVPRGLF • &RXPDULQV DQGPLOGDQDOJHVLF P • )ODYRQRLGJO\FRVLGHV • +HOSLQFUHDVHPLONSURGXFWLRQLQODFWDWLQJ • 3KHQ\OSURSDQRLGV PRWKHUV • )DWW\DFLGV VWHUROV • +DVVKRZQEHQH¿FLDOHIIHFWVRQ G\VPHQRUUKHDDQGPHQRSDXVDOKRWÀDVKHV • 3URWHLQV LQZRPHQ • &DUERK\GUDWHV • ,QGLDEHWLFVKDVK\SRJO\FHPLFDQG K\SROLSLGHPLFHIIHFWDQGFDQUHGXFHOLSLG SHUR[LGDWLRQ Medicinal Actions: • Analgesic 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • $QWLR[LGDQW • Volatile oilsDUHODUJHO\UHVSRQVLEOHIRU • $QWLVSDVPRGLF &DUPLQDWLYH DQWLPLFURELDODQWLR[LGDQWDQGDQWLVSDVPRGLF • $QWLPLFURELDO HIIHFWV • *DODFWRJRJXH • ([SHFWRUDQW 276 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Pimpinella anisum (Aniseed) 3KDUPDF\ HJDPR[LFLOOLQ FLSURÀR[DFLQ • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFUXVKHGVHHGVFXSZDWHU 1 cup TID References: %ULQNHU)+HUEDO&RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQVDQG'UXJ,QWHUDFWLRQV 3OXV+HUEDO$GMXQFWV • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ ZLWK0HGLFLQHVWKHG(FOHFWLF0HGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQV &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ PD[ 3RVW *KRVKHJLU6HWDO3LPSLQHOODDQLVXPLQPRGLI\LQJWKHTXDOLW\RIOLIHLQSDWLHQWV •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• $OOHUJLFK\SHUVHQVLWLYLWLHVKDYHEHHQ $XJ UHSRUWHGUHVXOWLQJLQUHDFWLRQVRIWKHVNLQ ,OKDPL*HWDO6FUHHQLQJRIDQWLR[LGDQWDQGDQWLPLFURELDODFWLYLWLHVRIDQLVH 3LPSLQHOODDQLVXP/ VHHGH[WUDFWV)RRG&KHPLVWU\9ROXPH,VVXH UHVSLUDWRU\DQGJDVWURLQWHVWLQDOWUDFW 1RYHPEHU3DJHV± 1DKLGL)HWDO7KH6WXG\RQWKH(IIHFWVRI3LPSLQHOODDQLVXPRQ5HOLHI DQG5HFXUUHQFHRI0HQRSDXVDO+RW)ODVKHV,UDQ-3KDUP5HV • 3KRWRVHQVLWL]DWLRQFDQRFFXUGXULQJ )DOO 6DPRMOLN,HWDO7KHLQÀXHQFHRIHVVHQWLDORLORIDQLVHHG 3LPSLQHOOD KDUYHVWLQJDQGZKHQKDQGOHG DQLVXP/ RQGUXJHIIHFWVRQWKHFHQWUDOQHUYRXVV\VWHP)LWRWHUDSLD 'HF 6KRMDLL$HWDO5HYLHZRI3KDUPDFRORJLFDO3URSHUWLHVDQG&KHPLFDO&RQVWLWX- HQWVRI3LPSLQHOODDQLVXP,6513KDUP 6NDOLFND:RĨQLDN.HWDO,VRODWLRQRIWHUSHQRLGVIURP3LPSLQHOODDQLVXP Contraindications: HVVHQWLDORLOE\KLJKSHUIRUPDQFHFRXQWHUFXUUHQWFKURPDWRJUDSK\-6HS6FL $XJ • 8VHFDXWLRQLQ*(5'RUDFLGUHÀX[GXH WRUHOD[LQJHIIHFWVRQORZHUHVRSKDJHDO VSKLQFWHU VSHFXODWLYH Interactions: • 3RWHQWLDOLQWHUDFWLRQVZLWKGUXJVWKDWDFWLQ WKHFHQWUDOQHUYRXVV\VWHPLQFOXGLQJFRGHLQH P GLD]HSDPPLGD]RODPSHQWREDUELWDO LPLSUDPLQHDQGÀXR[HWLQH • 0D\EHXVHIXOLQFRPELQDWLRQZLWKDQWLELRWLFV 0RQRJUDSKV 277 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Piper methysticum (Kava Kava) P 5KL]RPH 5HVLQRXVNDYDODFWRQHV C )ODYRQRLGV 3LSHULGLQHDONDORLGV Analgesic A $QWLVSDVPRGLF 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH (XSKRULF 6WUHVVDQ[LHW\ GHSUHVVLRQ I 87,RULQWHUVWLWLDOF\VWLWLV 0\DOJLDV QHXUDOJLDV F Piperaceae Medicinal uses: • 5HGXFHVDQ[LHW\ SURPRWHVFRJQLWLYH Constituents: functionLQFDVHVRIVWUHVVDQGUHVWOHVVQHVV • 5HVLQRXVNDYDODFWRQHV DOSKDS\URQHV • :LOODLGLQLQVRPQLDKHDGDFKHVGXHWR PDLQO\FRQVLVWLQJRINDYDLQGLK\GURNDYDLQ WHQVLRQQHXUDOJLDGL]]LQHVVDQGGHSUHVVLRQ P DQGPHWK\VWLFLQ • $PLOGDQWLVHSWLF GLXUHWLFXVHIXOLQXULQDU\ • &KDOFRQHV WUDFWLQIHFWLRQVDQGDOVRLQLQWHUVWLWLDO F\VWLWLV$Q\JHQLWRXULQDU\WUDFWLQIHFWLRQRU • )ODYRQRLGV LQÀDPPDWLRQPD\EHQH¿WIURPLWVXVH • 3LSHULGLQHDONDORLGV • &DQEHXVHGLQWHUQDOO\ DQGWRSLFDOO\ IRUSDLQRIYDULRXVRULJLQVLQFOXGLQJ UKHXPDWLVPMRLQWSDLQPXVFOHWHQVLRQ Medicinal Actions: QHXUDOJLDVFKURQLFSDLQDQGUHVWOHVV • Analgesic OHJV\QGURPHDVDJHQWOHUHOD[DQW • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DQWLVSDVPRGLF • $QWLPLFURELDO • 0D\KHOSZLWKEHQ]RGLD]HSLQHZLWKGUDZDO • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • $Q[LRO\WLF 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • Diuretic • .DYDODFWRQHV S\URQHV DUHDQDOJHVLF DQWLGHSUHVVDQWDQWLVSDVPRGLFDQGXULQDU\ • 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH +\SQRWLF PLOG DQHVWKHWLFV$QDOJHVLFHIIHFWVGRQRWDSSHDU HXSKRULF WRLQYROYHWKHRSLRLGV\VWHP 278 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Piper methysticum (Kava Kava) • 0D\PRGXODWH*$%$DFWLYLW\YLDDOWHUDWLRQ • :KHQRSHUDWLQJPDFKLQHU\RUZKHQ RIOLSLGPHPEUDQHVWUXFWXUHDQGVRGLXP VHGDWLRQFRXOGSRVHDGDQJHU FKDQQHOIXQFWLRQPRQRDPLQHR[LGDVH • 8VHFDXWLRQLQOLYHUGLVHDVH3DUNLQVRQ¶V LQKLELWLRQDQGQRUDGUHQDOLQHDQGGRSDPLQH WKHHOGHUO\RUZLWKVWURQJDQ[LHW\ UHXSWDNHLQKLELWLRQ'RHVQRWDFWDVD GHSUHVVLRQ &16GHSUHVVDQWRULPSDLUPRWRUIXQFWLRQ LQWKHUDSHXWLFGRVHVEXWZLOOKHOSUHWDLQ Interactions: LQFUHDVHPHQWDOIXQFWLRQLQJ6SHFL¿F • :LWK&16GHSUHVVDQWV HJDOFRKRO *$%$WUDQVSRUWHUSRO\PRUSKLVPVDSSHDUWR PHGLFDWLRQV DQWLSV\FKRWLFVEDUELWXUDWHV SRWHQWLDOO\PRGLI\DQ[LRO\WLFUHVSRQVH EHQ]RGLD]HSLQHOHYRGRSDDQGEORRG WKLQQLQJPHGLFDWLRQV 3KDUPDF\ References: &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW • 'HFRFWLRQ JPOZDWHUVLPPHUPLQ .RUPDQQ(HWDO.DYDLQDQDORJXHVDVSRWHQWLDODQDOJHVLFDJHQWV3KDUPDFRO 5HS FXS7,' 3LWWOHU0+ (UQVW(.DYDH[WUDFWYHUVXVSODFHERIRUWUHDWLQJDQ[LHW\ &RFKUDQH'DWDEDVHRI6\VWHPDWLF5HYLHZV 5HYLHZV,VVXH • 7LQFWXUH PO4'PZHHNO\ 5RZH$HWDO7R[LFRNLQHWLFVRINDYD$GY3KDUPDFRO6FL 6DUULV-HWDO.DYD DFRPSUHKHQVLYHUHYLHZRIHI¿FDF\VDIHW\DQGSV\FKR- PD[ SKDUPDFRORJ\$XVW1=-3V\FKLDWU\-DQ 6DUULV-HWDO.DYDIRUWKHWUHDWPHQWRIJHQHUDOL]HGDQ[LHW\GLVRUGHU5&7 DQDO\VLVRIDGYHUVHUHDFWLRQVOLYHUIXQFWLRQDGGLFWLRQDQGVH[XDOHIIHFWV • 'ULHGUKL]RPH JGD\LQGLYLGHGGRVHV 3K\WRWKHU5HV1RY PL[HGZLWKVDOLYD¿UVW 6DUULV-HWDO.DYDLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIJHQHUDOL]HGDQ[LHW\GLVRUGHU DGRXEOH EOLQGUDQGRPL]HGSODFHERFRQWUROOHGVWXG\-&OLQ3V\FKRSKDUPDFRO 2FW • &DSVXOHVVWDQGDUGL]HG PJNDYD 6KLPRGD/HWDO'LIIHUHQWLDO5HJXODWLRQRI&DOFLXP6LJQDOOLQJ3DWKZD\VE\ &RPSRQHQWVRI3LSHUPHWK\VWLFXP µ$ZD 3K\WRWKHU5HV$SU ODFWRQHVGD\LQGLYLGHGGRVHV 6XFLFK0,6DQRVNL&$+HUEDO1RWHV &RPSOHPHQWDU\ $OWHUQDWLYH0HGLFLQH 3RFNHW*XLGH3KLODGHOSKLD3$ )$'DYLV&RPSDQ\ 7HVFKNH5HWDO.DYDDQGNDYDKHSDWRWR[LFLW\ UHTXLUHPHQWVIRUQRYHOH[SHUL- PHQWDOHWKQRERWDQLFDODQGFOLQLFDOVWXGLHVEDVHGRQDUHYLHZRIWKHHYLGHQFH 7R[LFLW\ 3K\WRWKHU5HV6HS • 0D\FDXVHGURZVLQHVV RWKHU&16 GLVWXUEDQFHDQG*,7XSVHW P • $FXWHWR[LFLW\PD\FDXVHVWXSRUSXSLOODU\ GLODWLRQDQGPRWRUGLVWXUEDQFHV • 3URORQJHGXVHRIDGRVHHTXLYDOHQWWR PJRUPRUHRINDYDODFWRQHVSHUGD\LVOLNHO\ WRFDXVHWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVNLQOHVLRQVRI NDYDNDYDWR[LFLW\ SLJPHQWHGGU\FRYHUHG ZLWKVFDOHV ZKLFKKHDOVXSRQGLVFRQWLQXDQFH RIWKHNDYDH[WUDFW • $WGRVHVJUHDWHUWKDQ JSHUGD\OLYHU HQ]\PHVFDQHOHYDWHDQGVKRXOGEH PRQLWRUHGIRUKHSDWRWR[LFLW\,QÀDPPDWLRQ RIWKHOLYHUPD\UHVXOWIURPDFWLYDWLRQRI PDFURSKDJHV .XSIIHUFHOOV HLWKHUGLUHFWO\RU YLDNDYDPHWDEROLWHV Contraindications: 0RQRJUDSKV 279 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 3LVFLGLDHU\WKULQD -DPDLFDQ'RJZRRG P 5RRWEDUN ,VRÀDYRQRLGV C *O\FRVLGHV SLVFLGLQ 6DSRQLQV Analgesic A $QWLVSDVPRGLF 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH +\SQRWLF 0\DOJLDVQHXUDOJLDV UKHXPDWLVP ,QVRPQLDDVVRFLDWHGZLWKQHUYRXV I WHQVLRQ +HDGDFKHV PLJUDLQHV F Fabaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • ,VRÀDYRQRLGV LFKWK\QRQHGXUPLOORQH • ,VXVHGIRUVSDVPDQGDVVRFLDWHGSDLQRI MDPLDFLQSLVFLGRQHURWHQRQHVXPDWURO XWHUXVDQGVNHOHWDOPXVFOH lisetin) • ,WLVLQGLFDWHGLQLQVRPQLDG\VPHQRUUKHD • 3\UDQRURWHQRLGV HU\WK\QRQH ZLWKDVVRFLDWHGQHUYRXVDQGRU P K\GUR[\HU\WK\QRQH PXVFXORVNHOHWDOWHQVLRQPLJUDLQH • *O\FRVLGHV SLVFLGLQ KHDGDFKHVDQGQHXUDOJLD • &DOFLXPR[DODWH • ,VRIJUHDWXVHIRUSDLQJHQHUDOGLVWUHVV LQÀDPPDWRU\IHYHUUKHXPDWLVPVSDVPRGLF • $FLGV SLVFLGLFPDOLFVXFFLQLFWDUWDULF FRXJKEURQFKLWLVLQWHVWLQDOFROLFJDOOVWRQH • 5HVLQ FROLFUHQDOFROLFODERUSDLQVIDFLDOQHXUDOJLD RYDULDQQHXUDOJLDVOHHSOHVVQHVVGHOLULXP • 9RODWLOHRLOV DQGWRRWKDFKH:LOOHDVHPXVFOHVSDVPVDQG • Tannins FUDPSVHVSHFLDOO\RIQHUYRXVRULJLQ • 6DSRQLQV Medicinal Actions: 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • Analgesic • ,VRÁDYRQRLG URWHQRQH LVDQWLVSDVPRGLF DQGDFDUGLDFVHGDWLYH,WLVDOVRDQ • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ LQVHFWLFLGHDQGKDVDQWLFDQFHUDFWLYLW\DQGLV • $QWLVSDVPRGLF UHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHSODQW¶VWR[LFLW\ • Bitter • 1HUYLQH6HGDWLYH +\SQRWLF 280 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 3LVFLGLDHU\WKULQD -DPDLFDQ'RJZRRG 3KDUPDF\ Interactions: • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXS7,' • 0D\SRWHQWLDWHWKHHIIHFWRIVHGDWLYHVDQG • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'POZHHNO\ WUDQTXLOL]HUV PD[ • 'ULHGURRWEDUN J7,' References: $XURXVVHDX0HWDO5HVHDUFKRQVRPHSKDUPDFRG\QDPLFVSURSHUWLHVRI 3LVFLGLDHU\WKULQD$QQ3KDUP)U $SU &RVWHOOR&HWDO$QLQYHVWLJDWLRQRI3LVFLGLDHU\WKULQD -DPDLFDGRJZRRG - $P3KDUP$VVRF$P3KDUP$VVRF 0DU 7R[LFLW\ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW 'HOOD/HWDO,VRÀDYRQHVDVVSDVPRO\WLFSULQFLSOHVRI3LVFLGLDHU\WKULQD3URJ • +LJKGRVHVPD\FDXVHKHDGDFKH &OLQ%LRO5HV 'HOOD/HWDO>(YDOXDWLRQRIWKHDFWLYLW\RQWKHPRXVH&16RIVHYHUDOSODQW EUDG\FDUGLDK\SRWHQVLRQQDXVHDYRPLWLQJ H[WUDFWVDQGDFRPELQDWLRQRIWKHP@5LY1HXURO 6HS2FW QXPEQHVVWUHPRUVZHDWLQJKHDGDFKH 0HROLH$HWDO2UDOQRQSUHVFULSWLRQWUHDWPHQWIRULQVRPQLD DQHYDOXDWLRQRI SURGXFWVZLWKOLPLWHGHYLGHQFH-&OLQ6OHHS0HG$SU SDUDO\VLVDQGGHDWK 6DWRVKL7HWDO1HZ5RWHQRLGVIURPWKH5RRW%DUNRI-DPDLFDQ'RJZRRG 3LV- FLGLDHU\WKULQD/ 1HZ5RWHQRLGVIURPWKH5RRW%DUNRI-DPDLFDQ'RJZRRG= 1DWXUIRUVFK Contraindications: • $YRLGLQSUHJQDQF\ODFWDWLRQFKLOGUHQDQG WKHHOGHUO\ • 8VHFDXWLRQLQ&9'DQGFDUGLDFLQVXI¿FLHQF\ P 0RQRJUDSKV 281 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Plantago lanceolata/major (Plantain) P /HDYHV Mucilage C Tannins ,ULGRLGJO\FRVLGHV DFXELQ FDWDOSRO 'HPXOFHQW(PROOLHQW 9XOQHUDU\ A $VWULQJHQW +HPRVWDWLF /XQJ JHQLWRXULQDU\WRQLF 7RSLFDOZRXQGKHDOHUIRU¿UVWDLG VLWXDWLRQV I &KURQLFLQÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQVRI PXFRVDOPHPEUDQHV F Plantaginaceae Medicinal Actions: • $OWHUDWLYH • Anti-catarrhal • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ P Constituents: • $QWLPLFURELDO • 0XFLODJH 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV • $QWLVSDVPRGLF • Tannins • Astringent • $OODQWRLQ • &RQQHFWLYHWLVVXHWRQLF • 3KHQ\OHWKDQRLG ,ULGRLGJO\FRVLGHV • 'HPXOFHQW (PROOLHQW DFXELQ FDWDOSRODFWHRVLGHFLVWDQRVLGH ODYDQGXOLIROLRVLGHSODQWDPDMRVLGH • Diuretic VRDFWHRVLGH • ([SHFWRUDQW • &KORURJHQLFFDIIHLFDQGVDOLF\OLFDFLGV • +HPRVWDWLF • )ODYRQRLGV DSLJHQLQOXWHROLQVFXWHOODULQ • /\PSKDWLF EDLFDOHLQ • Vulnerary • $ONDORLGV Medicinal uses: • 6DSRQLQV • 8VHGDVDZRXQGKHDOLQJUHPHG\IRU • 1XWULHQWV PLQHUDOV =Q.0J39LWDPLQ FHQWXULHVLQDOPRVWDOOSDUWVRIWKHZRUOGDQG C) LQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIDQXPEHURIGLVHDVHV DSDUWIURPZRXQGKHDOLQJ7KHVHLQFOXGH 282 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Plantago lanceolata/major (Plantain) GLVHDVHVUHODWHGWRWKHVNLQUHVSLUDWRU\ GLXUHWLFDFWLRQ RUJDQVGLJHVWLYHRUJDQVIRUSDLQUHOLHI • 7KHOLTXLGH[WUDFWDQGWKHSUHVVHGMXLFH DQGDJDLQVWLQIHFWLRQV([WHUQDOO\LVDQWL RIIUHVKSODQWDLQKHUESRVVHVVSURYHQ LQÀDPPDWRU\DQWLPLFURELDODQWLSUXULWLFDQG EDFWHULRVWDWLFDQGEDFWHULFLGDOHIIHFWVGXHWR YXOQHUDU\7KHPDFHUDWHGOHDYHVRUIUHVK WKHWDQQLQFRQWHQW MXLFHRIWKHSODQWDUHH[FHOOHQWTXLFNKHDOLQJ DJHQWVIRUFXWVZRXQGVEUXLVHVDQGHDU 3KDUPDF\ DFKH LQIHFWLRQ • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXS7,' • A JHQWOHVRRWKLQJH[SHFWRUDQWPRVW • )UHVKMXLFHPO7,' LQGLFDWHGLQLUULWDWHGFRXJKVDQGPLOG EURQFKLWLV,WPD\EHPRUHEHQH¿FLDOORQJ • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO WHUP,WH[HUWVDVWULQJHQWDQGDOWHUDWLYH ZHHNO\PD[ SURSHUWLHVLQWHUQDOO\HVSHFLDOO\LQFKURQLF • &DSVXOHV PJ7,' LQÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQVRIWKHPXFRVD • 6DOYHORWLRQRUFRPSUHVVDSSOLHGDV JODQGXODUWLVVXHVRUVHSWLFHPLDV QHHGHG • 1RWH 3ODQFHRODWDVKDUHVLWVPHGLFLQDO 7R[LFLW\ +LJKGRVHVFDQEHOD[DWLYH HIIHFWVZLWKLWVFORVHUHODWLYH3ODQWDJRPDMRU +RZHYHU3ODQFHRODWDVHHPVWRH[HUWPRUH Contraindications: 1RQHNQRZQ RILWVHIIHFWVLQWHUQDOO\ZKLOH3PDMRULVEHWWHU Interactions:1RQHUHSRUWHG IRUH[WHUQDOXVH References: 3KDUPDFRORJ\ %HDUD,HWDO/LTXLGFKURPDWRJUDSK\WDQGHPPDVVVSHFWURPHWU\VWXG\RI DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLYLW\RISODQWDLQ 3ODQWDJR/ VSHFLHV-3KDUP%LRPHG $QDO6HS • 3RO\VDFFKDULGHVVWLPXODWHLQQDWHLPPXQH &KLDQJ/HWDO$QWLYLUDODFWLYLW\RI3ODQWDJRPDMRUH[WUDFWVDQGUHODWHG FRPSRXQGVLQYLWUR$QWLYLUDO5HVHDUFK9ROXPH,VVXH-XO\3DJHV V\VWHPUHVSRQVHV LQFUHDVHVLQQLWULFR[LGH ± 71)DOSKDDQGO\PSKRSUROLIHUDWLRQKDYH &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW EHHQGHPRQVWUDWHG DQGDUHFRQVLGHUHG )OHHU+HWDO$QWLVSDVPRGLFDFWLYLW\RIDQH[WUDFWIURP3ODQWDJRODQFHRODWD/ DQGVRPHLVRODWHGFRPSRXQGV3K\WRPHGLFLQH-XQ LPPXQRPRGXODWLQJ *iOYH]0HWDO$QWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\RIPHWKDQROH[WUDFWVREWDLQHGIURP P 3ODQWDJRVSHFLHV-$JULF)RRG&KHP0DU *RPH])ORUHV5HWDO,PPXQRHQKDQFLQJSURSHUWLHVRI3ODQWDJRPDMRUOHDI • 0XFLODJHKDVVRRWKLQJYXOQHUDU\DQGDQWL H[WUDFW3K\WRWKHU5HV'HF LQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWV *RQGD6HWDO'HWHUPLQDWLRQRISKHQ\OHWKDQRLGJO\FRVLGHVDQGLULGRLG JO\FRVLGHVIURPWKHUDSHXWLFDOO\XVHG3ODQWDJRVSHFLHVE\&(0(.&(OHFWUR- SKRUHVLV6HS • 3KHQ\OHWKDQRLGVKDYHLQKLELWRU\HIIHFWVRQ .RYDF,HWDO3ODQWDJRODQFHRODWD/ZDWHUH[WUDFWLQGXFHVWUDQVLWLRQRI¿EUR- EODVWVLQWRP\R¿EUREODVWVDQGLQFUHDVHVWHQVLOHVWUHQJWKRIKHDOLQJVNLQZRXQGV DUDFKLGRQLFDFLGDQGHGHPD -3KDUP3KDUPDFRO-DQ 6DPXHOVHQ$7KHWUDGLWLRQDOXVHVFKHPLFDOFRQVWLWXHQWVDQGELRORJLFDODFWLYL- • 3KHQROLFDFLGVDQGÀDYRQRLGVDUHDQWL WLHVRI3ODQWDJRPDMRU/$UHYLHZ-RXUQDORI(WKQRSKDUPDFRORJ\9ROXPH ,VVXHV±-XO\3DJHV± LQÀDPPDWRU\ LQKLELW&2; /2;LQYLWUR 9HODVFR/H]DPD5HWDO(IIHFWRI3ODQWDJRPDMRURQFHOOSUROLIHUDWLRQLQ YLWUR-RXUQDORI(WKQRSKDUPDFRORJ\9ROXPH,VVXH-DQXDU\ • ,ULGRLGJO\FRVLGHVDUHFRQVLGHUHGDQWL 3DJHV± EDFWHULDODPLOGOD[DWLYHKHSDWRSURWHFWLYH DQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $OODQWRLQSURPRWHVFHOOSUROLIHUDWLRQ ZRXQG KHDOLQJ DQGLQGXFHVWUDQVLWLRQRI¿EUREODVWV LQWRP\R¿EUREODVWVLQFUHDVHVWHQVLOHVWUHQJWK RIFRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHV • 3RWDVVLXPDOXPLQXPDQGPDQJDQHVH DORQJZLWK¿IWHHQGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRI ELRÀDYRQRLGVDUHEHOLHYHGWRFDXVHWKH 0RQRJUDSKV 283 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple) P 5KL]RPH 5HVLQRXVOLJQDQV SRGRSK\OOLQ C SRGRSK\OORWR[LQ &\WRWR[LF A Cathartic $OWHUDWLYH *URZWK '\VSODVLDV HJZDUWV I &RQVWLSDWLRQ DWRQLF F Berberidaceae Constituents: • 5HVLQRXVOLJQDQV SRGRSK\OORWR[LQ FRQG\ORPDDFXPLQDWH YHQHUDOZDUWV SRGRSK\OOLQĮSHOWDWLQ ȕSHOWDWLQ • $FWVDVDFDWKDUWLFH[HUWLQJDSRZHUIXO • )ODYRQRLGV NDHPSIHURO TXHUFHWLQDQG LQÀXHQFHXSRQWKHZKROHV\VWHPWRUHVWRUH WKHLUJO\FRVLGHV QRUPDOKHSDWLF LQWHVWLQDOVHFUHWLRQV P • ,VFRQVLGHUHGRQHRIWKHEHVWDJHQWVWR RYHUFRPHKDELWXDOFRQVWLSDWLRQHVSHFLDOO\LI Medicinal Actions: GXHWRSRUWDOHQJRUJHPHQW • $OWHUDWLYH • $FWVVWURQJO\RQWKHOLYHUDQGLQWHVWLQHV • $QWLQHRSODVWLF$QWLWXPRULJHQLF DQGLVDSRWHQWFKRODJRJXHWKDWVWLPXODWHV • $QWLYLUDO SHULVWDOVLVVLJQL¿FDQWO\DQGLVXVHGWRUHOLHYH DWRQLFFRQVWLSDWLRQJDVWULF LQWHVWLQDO • &DWKDUWLF3XUJDWLYH FDWDUUKKHSDWLFFRQJHVWLRQG\VSHSVLDDQG • &KRODJRJXH JDOOEODGGHUG\VIXQFWLRQ • &\WRWR[LF • $OVRVWLPXODWHVWKHUHOHDVHRIZDWHUDQG RWKHUGLVFKDUJHIURPWLVVXHVDQGLVWKXV • Hepatic KHOSIXOLQUHOLHYLQJLQÀDPPDWLRQ • /D[DWLYH 3KDUPDFRORJ\ Medicinal uses: • 5HLQVRXVOLJQDQV SRGRSK\OOLQ • &\WRWR[LFSURSHUWLHVPDNHLWRIXVHLQ SRGRSK\OORWR[LQ DUHF\WRWR[LFDQGSRVVHVV FDQFHUDQGFDQEHDSSOLHGWRSLFDOO\ DQWLWXPRUDFWLYLW\ IRUYDULRXVJURZWKV G\VSODVLDV HJ 284 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple) • 3RGRSK\OORWR[LQLVDSRWHQWLQKLELWRURI Interactions: PLFURWXEXOHDVVHPEO\DQGLQKLELWVWKH • 1RQHNQRZQ UHSOLFDWLRQRIPHDVOHVDQGKHUSHVVLPSOH[ W\SH,YLUXVHV • %HWD DOSKD3HOWDWLQKDYHGHPRQVWUDWHG References %HGRZV(HWDO$QLQYHVWLJDWLRQRIWKHDQWLYLUDODFWLYLW\RI3RGRSK\OOXP DQWLYLUDOHIIHFWV SHOWDWXP-1DW3URG 1RY'HF &DEUHUD&%,10/HFWXUHQRWHVRQ7R[LFRORJ\ &DEUHUD&%,10/HFWXUHQRWHV 0DWHUD0HGLFDIRU0DQDJLQJ&DQFHU • 1RWH 3RGRSK\OORWR[LQGHULYDWLYHVVXFKDV &\WRWR[LF+HUEV &DQHO&HWDO3RGRSK\OORWR[LQ3K\WRFKHPLVWU\9ROXPH,VVXH0D\ HWRSRVLGH WHQLSRVLGHDUHDFWLYHLQWKH 3DJHV± WUHDWPHQWRIDYDULHW\RIFDQFHUV *UHHQVSDQ(HWDO(IIHFWRIDOSKDSHOWDWLQEHWDSHOWDWLQSRGRSK\OORWR[LQ RQO\PSKRPDVDQGRWKHUWUDQVSODQWHGWXPRUV-1DWO&DQFHU,QVW -XQ +DUWZHOO-$OSKD3HOWDWLQDQHZFRPSRXQGLVRODWHGIURPSRGRSK\OOXP SHOWDWXP-$P&KHP6RF 1RY 3KDUPDF\ 5D\/3RGRSK\OOXPSHOWDWXPDQGREVHUYDWLRQVRQWKH&UHHNDQG&KHURNHH ,QGLDQV :LOOLDP%DUWUDP¶VSUHVHUYDWLRQRI1DWLYH$PHULFDQSKDUPDFRORJ\ 7R[LFLW\ • ,QODUJHGRVHVFDQFDXVHYLROHQWHPHVLV FDWKDUVLVJDVWULWLVDQGHQWHULWLVZKLFKFDQ SRWHQWLDOO\EHIDWDO P Contraindications: • 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ SRGRSK\OOLQDQG SRGRSK\OORWR[LQDUHHPEU\RFLGDOLQDQLPDOV DQGKXPDQV 0RQRJUDSKV 285 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Populus candicans (Poplar/Balm of Gilead) P %DUN Salicylates C Tannins 5HVLQ Analgesic A $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ Astringent 5KHXPDWLVP P\DOJLD DUWKULWLV 3DLQ LQÀDPPDWLRQRIWKHXULQDU\ I tract 7RSLFDOO\LQHGHPD 06.LQMXULHV F Salicaceae Medicinal uses: Constituents: • 8VHGSULPDULO\IRUDQWLLQÁDPPDWRU\DQG • 6DOLF\ODWHV VDOLFLQ SRSXOLQ DQGRWKHU GLXUHWLFDFWLRQV SKHQROLFJO\FRVLGHV P • :LOOOHVVHQWKHLQÀDPPDWLRQDQGDVVRFLDWHG • Tannins SDLQRIF\VWLWLVZKLOHJHQWO\VWLPXODWLQJWKH • 5HVLQ ÀRZRIXULQHWKHUHE\SURPRWLQJFOHDQVLQJRI WKHXULQDU\WUDFW Medicinal Actions: • 3HUKDSVWKHEHVWZD\WRXVHWKLVKHUELVWR KDUYHVWHDUO\OHDIEXGVDQGVRDNLQRLOWR • Analgesic PDNHµ%DOPRI*LOHDG¶ZKLFKLVDWRSLFDO • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ XVHGLQ06.LQÀDPPDWLRQVDQGDVDFKHVW UXEIRUFRQJHVWLYHFRXJKV • $QWLUKHXPDWLF • Astringent 3KDUPDFRORJ\ • Diuretic • 6DOLF\ODWHVDUHDQDOJHVLF DQWL LQÀDPPDWRU\6DOLFLQLVPHWDEROL]HG DEVRUEHGLQWKHERZHOVWRVDOLF\OLFDFLG 6DOLF\ODWHVLQKLELW&2; HQ]\PHVLQ LQÀDPPDWRU\FDVFDGHPLQLPL]LQJSDLQDQG LQÀDPPDWLRQ 286 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Populus candicans (Poplar/Balm of Gilead) • 3RO\SKHQROVLQKLELWPHPEUDQHGDPDJH Interactions: UHDFWLYHR[LGDWLYHVSHFLHVQLWULFR[LGH • &DXWLRQZKLOHXVLQJDVSLULQRURWKHU V\QWKDVHDQGWKXVDQRYHUSURGXFWLRQRI VDOLF\ODWHFRQWDLQLQJVXEVWDQFHV QLWULFR[LGHSURGXFWLRQUHVSRQVLEOHIRU DOFRKROEDUELWXWDWHVVHGDWLYHV WKHYDVRGLODWRU\SURFHVVHVREVHUYHGLQ 16$,'VDQWLFRDJXODQWVPHWKRWUH[DWH LQÀDPPDWRU\GLVHDVHVWDWHV VSLURQRODFWRQHSKHQ\WRLQDQGYDOSURDWH 3KDUPDF\ PHGLFDWLRQV • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSZDWHUVLPPHU PLQXWHV7,' References: $EUHX,HWDO8+3/&(6,72)06GHWHUPLQDWLRQRIVDOLF\ODWHOLNHSKHQROLF • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO J\FRVLGHVLQ3RSXOXVWUHPXODOHDYHV-&KHP(FRO$XJ .DL:HWDO$QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWVRIHWKDQROH[WUDFWVRI&KLQHVHSURSROLV ZHHNO\PD[ DQGEXGVIURPSRSODU 3RSXOXVîFDQDGHQVLV -RXUQDORI(WKQRSKDUPDFRORJ\ 9ROXPH,VVXH$XJXVW3DJHV± • 3RZGHU JGD\ .LSLDQL1HWDO>$SSOLFDWLRQRI3RSXOXV1LJUDSUHSDUDWLRQVDWH[SHULPHQWDO SDURGRQWLWLV@*HRUJLDQ0HG1HZV6HS 0RUVH$HWDO6DOLF\ODWHDQGFDWHFKROOHYHOVDUHPDLQWDLQHGLQQDK*WUDQVJHQLF SRSODU3K\WRFKHPLVWU\$XJ 5\X-HWDO,QKLELWRU\DFWLYLW\RISODQWH[WUDFWVRQQLWULFR[LGHV\QWKHVLVLQ/36 7R[LFLW\ DFWLYDWHGPDFURSKDJHV3K\WRWKHU5HV0D\ 6FKHPSS+HWDO%LRFKHPLFDOPRGHOUHDFWLRQVLQGLFDWLYHRILQÀDPPDWRU\ SURFHVVHV$FWLYLWLHVRIH[WUDFWVIURP)UD[LQXVH[FHOVLRUDQG3RSXOXVWUHPXOD • ,QKLJKGRVHVVDOLF\OLFDFLGKDVDQRWRWR[LF $U]QHLPLWWHOIRUVFKXQJ$SU 9RQ.UXHGHQHU6HWDO$FRPELQDWLRQRI3RSXOXVWUHPXOD6ROLGDJRYLUJDXUHD HIIHFWE\LQKLELWLQJSUHVWLQZKLFKLVWKHPRWRU DQG)UD[LQXVH[FHOVLRUDVDQDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQGDQWLUKHXPDWLFGUXJ$VKRUW SURWHLQRIWKHRXWHUKDLUFHOOVRIWKHLQQHU UHYLHZ$U]QHLPLWWHOIRUVFKXQJ )HE =KDQJ-HWDO&RPSDULVRQVRIHWKDQROH[WUDFWVRIFKLQHVHSURSROLV SRSODU HDURIWKHPDPPDOLDQFRFKOHD,WKDVEHHQ W\SH DQGSRSODUJXPVEDVHGRQWKHDQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLWLHVDQGPROHFXODUPHFKD- QLVP(YLG%DVHG&RPSOHPHQW$OWHUQDW0HG NQRZQWRLQGXFHWUDQVLHQWKHDULQJORVVLQ ]LQFGH¿FLHQWLQGLYLGXDOV • 7KHRUHWLFDOO\6DOLF\OLVPZKLFKLVDQDFXWH RYHUGRVHRIVDOLF\ODWHVFDQSURGXFHWR[LFLW\ V\PSWRPVUDQJLQJIURPPLOGQDXVHD YRPLWLQJDEGRPLQDOSDLQOHWKDUJ\WLQQLWXV DQGGL]]LQHVVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHGRVH P FRQVXPHG Contraindications: • $YRLGLQFKLOGUHQZLWKWKHÀXGXHWR5H\H¶V V\QGURPH WKHRUHWLFDO 0RQRJUDSKV 287 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Quercus alba (White Oak) P ,QQHU%DUN C 7DQQLQV K\GURO\]DEOH FRQGHQVHG $QWLPLFURELDO A Astringent +HPRVWDWLF 7RSLFDOO\LQKHPRUUKRLGV YDULFRVH YHLQV I 'LDUUKHD PXFRVDOFDWDUUK ([FHVVLYHEOHHGLQJ HJ PHQRUUKDJLD Constituents: • +\GURO\]DEOH &RQGHQVHG7DQQLQV HJ F Fagaceae 2OLJRPHULF3URDQWKRF\DQLGLQV LQFOXGLQJ SKOREDWDQQLQJDOOLF HOODJLFDFLGHVWHUV FDWHFKLQHSLFDWHFKLQJDOORFDWHFKLQ 3KDUPDFRORJ\ HSLJDOORFDWHFKLQ • TanninsFRQWUDFWDQG³DVWULQJH´WLVVXHVRI Medicinal Actions: WKHERG\E\ELQGLQJZLWKDQGSUHFLSLWDWLQJ • $QWLPLFURELDO SURWHLQVDQGWKXVUHQGHULQJWKHPUHVLVWDQWWR SURWHRO\WLFHQ]\PHV • Astringent Q • 7DQQLQVKDYHVWURQJDQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\DQG • +HPRVWDWLF IUHHUDGLFDOVFDYHQJLQJFDSDFLW\ORZHULQJ KRPRF\VWHLQHDQGF\VWHLQHOHYHOVGHFUHDVHG VLJQL¿FDQWO\:LOODOVRLQKLELWOLSLGSHUR[LGDWLRQ Medicinal uses: DQGHQ]\PHVVXFKDVOLSR[\JHQDVH • ,VDVWURQJDVWULQJHQWDQGDQWLVHSWLFDQGD K\DOXURQLGDVHOHQGLQJWRWKHLUDFWLRQDVDQWL PLOGWRQLFWRWKHWLVVXHVZKLFKLWFRQWDFWV LQÀDPPDWRULHVDQWLPLFURELDOV NHUDWRO\WLFV WLJKWHQLQJXSWLVVXHVVXFKDVYDULFRVH • 0XFKLQJHVWHGWDQQLQUHPDLQVXQDEVRUEHG YHLQVDQGKHPRUUKRLGV LQWKHGLJHVWLYHWUDFWEXWVRPHGRHVUHDFK • Will GU\XSH[FHVVLYHZDWHU\VHFUHWLRQV ERG\ÀXLGVDVVROXEOHWDQQDWHWREHH[FUHWHG HJGLDUUKHD DQGVWDXQFKEOHHGLQJ E\WKHNLGQH\V HJZRXQGVRUKHDY\PHQVWUXDOÀRZ • +\GURO\VDEOHWDQQLQVDUHDQWLPLFURELDODQG • ,VXVHGLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRISKDU\QJLWLVDV KDYHGHPRQVWUDWHGDQWLELR¿OPDFWLYLW\,Q DJDUJOHDQGFDQEHXVHGWRSLFDOO\LQWKH KLJKGRVHVFDQEHFDXVWLFDQGKHSDWRWR[LF PDQDJHPHQWRISULPDU\O\PSKHGHPDDQG PLQRUVNLQLUULWDWLRQV 288 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Quercus alba (White Oak) .|QLJ0HWDO(OODJLWDQQLQVDQGFRPSOH[WDQQLQVIURP4XHUFXVSHWUDHDEDUN- 3KDUPDF\ 1DW3URG 2FW 0lPPHOD3HWDO$QDO\VLVRIRDNWDQQLQVE\OLTXLGFKURPDWRJUDSK\HOHFWUR- • 'HFRFWLRQWVSFXSVLPPHUPLQXWHV VSUD\LRQLVDWLRQPDVVVSHFWURPHWU\-&KURPDWRJU$6HS 3DOOHQEDFK(HWDO3URDQWKRF\DQLGLQVIURP4XHUFXVSHWUDHD%DUN3ODQWD FXS7,' 0HG -XQ • 7LQFWXUH PO7,'PO ZHHNO\PD[ • 7RSLFDODSSOLFDWLRQV • 1RWH 3XOVHGRVLQJUHTXLUHGZLWKLQWHUQDO GRVLQJGXHWRK\GURO\]DEOHWDQQLQV 7R[LFLW\ 2DNVDUHFRPPRQWUHHVLQGHFLGXRXV • /DUJHDQGRUORQJWHUPGRVLQJPD\FDXVH IRUHVWVWKURXJKRXWWKHZRUOG:KLWH DQRUH[LDFRQVWLSDWLRQJDVWULFLUULWDWLRQ 2DNVDUHQDWLYHWR(QJODQGDQGKDYH QHSKURDQGKHSDWRWR[LFLW\ EHHQQDWXUDOL]HGWKURXJKRXW1RUWK $PHULFD7KHLUVORZVWHDG\JURZWKDQG ODUJHVWDWXUHKDYHORQJEHHQUHOLJLRXV Contraindications: DQGSDWULRWLFV\PEROV7KH*UHHNVKHOG • 8VHFDXWLRQLQFDVHVRIFRQVWLSDWLRQLURQ LWDVVDFUHGWKH5RPDQVGHGLFDWHGLW GH¿FLHQF\DQGPDOQXWULWLRQ WR-XSLWHUDQGWKH'UXLGVYHQHUDWHGLW 7KHJHQHULFQDPH³4XHUFXV´LVIURPWKH • $YRLGWRSLFDOO\DSSOLFDWLRQRYHUODUJHRURSHQ &HOWLF³4XHU´PHDQLQJKDQGVRPH ZRXQGV Interactions: • 0D\UHGXFHWKHDEVRUSWLRQRIDONDORLGVDQG RWKHUEDVLFGUXJVWKURXJKSUHFLSLWDWLRQ Q • 0D\KDYHV\QHUJLVWLFHIIHFWVZKHQXVHGLQ FRPELQDWLRQZLWKWKHFRQYHQWLRQDOIXQJLFLGHV HJNHWRFRQD]ROH References: %HOFDUR*HWDO)UHQFK2DN:RRG 4XHUFXVUREXU ([WUDFW 5REXYLW LQ3ULPDU\ /\PSKHGHPD $6XSSOHPHQW3LORW5HJLVWU\(YDOXDWLRQ,QW-$QJLRO 0DU &KXVUL6HWDO$QWLELR¿OPDFWLYLW\RI4XHUFXVLQIHFWRULD*2OLYLHUDJDLQVWPHWKL- FLOOLQUHVLVWDQW6WDSK\ORFRFFXVDXUHXV/HWW$SSO0LFURELRO-XQ &ULROOR-0HGLFLQDO+HUEV4XLFN5HIHUHQFH*XLGHVWHG:HOOQHVV7UDGLQJ 3RVW 'HiNRYi=HWDO,QÀ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¿OH-$JULF)RRG &KHP-XQ 0RQRJUDSKV 289 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 5DXZRO¿DVHUSHQWLQD ,QGLDQ6QDNHURRW P Root C Indole alkaloids (reserpine) A Hypotensive I Mild to moderate hypertension Constituents: Pharmacology: • Indole Alkaloids (e.g. reserpine, • The precise mechanism of the hypotensive raubasine, rescinnamine, deserpidine and action has not been established, however syrosingopine) does not appear to be due to a decrease in cardiac output, but a reduction of peripheral Medicinal Actions: vascular resistance. R • Hypotensive • Indole alkaloids (primarily reserpine) • Anticonvulsant deplete (as well as prevent the storage of) catecholamine and serotonin in many Medicinal uses: organs and body tissues, including the brain, • Main indication is in the management of hypothalamus, central vasomotor centers, mild to moderate hypertension as the and adrenal medulla. alkaloids create a gentle hypotensive • Will thus reduce uptake of catecholamines effect. by adrenergic neurons with repeated doses • Is generally reserved for patients who fail results in depletion of catecholamine stores to respond to non-drug therapies and who and a decrease in peripheral vascular fail to respond to diuretics, beta-adrenergic resistance, blood pressure and is associated blocking agents, ACE inhibitors, & alpha with bradycardia. adrenergic blocking agents). Is generally • Alkaloids (e.g. raubasine) also appear most effective when used with a diuretic. to possess anticonvulsant properties by acting directly at benzodiazepine sites with 290 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 5DXZRO¿DVHUSHQWLQD ,QGLDQ6QDNHURRW a benzodiazepine agonist-type activity, Contraindications: producing a tranquilizing effect possibly due • Pregnancy & lactation, depression, peptic to depletion of serotonin and catecholamines ulcers & hyperprolactinemia. in the brain. Interactions: Pharmacy: • Potentially with all CVD drugs and • Whole extract powdered form is most sympathomimetics. desirable: 50-300 mg daily • Note: Is often combined with diuretics • Begin with small doses and increase (e.g. chlorothiazide) in the treatment of gradually until there is a drop in blood hypertension. pressure or side-effects develop (eg. nasal congestion, diarrhea). Is best used in combination with other anti-hypertensives in References: order to avoid large doses. Blood pressure 1. %ROWH(HWDO0HQWDOGHSUHVVLYHHSLVRGHVGXULQJ5DXZRO¿DWKHUDS\IRUDUWHULDO hypertension, with special reference to dosage. will take 2-3 weeks to respond. 2. Can Med Assoc J. 1959 Feb 15;80(4):291-3. 3. Charveron, M. et al. Benzodiazepine agonist-type activity of raubasine, a UDXZRO¿DVHUSHQWLQDDONDORLG(XU-3KDUPDFRO 1RY • Tincture (1:5, 40%) 0.5 ml BID to start. 10 ml 4. &RKHQ$HWDO6WXGLHVRQ5DXZRO¿DDONDORLGVLQGLDEHWLFK\SHUWHQVLYH SDWLHQWV$QQ,QWHUQ0HG $XJ weekly max. 5. +ROODQGHU:HWDO7KHSKDUPDFRORJ\DQGFOLQLFDOXVHRIUDXZRO¿DK\GUDOD- zine, thiazides, and aldosterone antagonists in arterialhypertension. Prog • Note: By using moderate therapeutic doses, Cardiovasc Dis. 1966 Jan;8(4):291-318. 6. ,WRK$HWDO,QGROHDONDORLGVDQGRWKHUFRQVWLWXHQWVRI5DXZRO¿DVHUSHQWLQD- the maximum therapeutic effect may not Nat Prod. 2005 Jun;68(6):848-52. 0DWFKHUL67KHWDOHRI5DXZRO¿D6HUSHQWLQDDQGWKHFRQWULEXWLRQVRI$VLDQ be evident for 6-12 months after beginning Psychiatry. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2011, Pages 214–215. continuous treatment. 8. :LONLQV55DXZRO¿DDONDORLGVDQGVHURWRQLQDQWDJRQLVWVLQK\SHUWHQVLRQ0HG &OLQ1RUWK$P 0DU 9. Yash, K. Naturopathic Clinical Boards Study Guide. Healing Mountain Publishing, 2011. Toxicity: • Signs of toxicity may include sedation, depression, suicidal ideation, nightmares, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, gastrointestinal ulceration and hemorrhage, water retention, R QDVDOFRQJHVWLRQÀXVKLQJRIWKHVNLQ pinpoint pupils, hypotension, bradycardia, vertigo, stupor, tremors, coma. • Convulsions and serious extrapyramidal reactions have occurred following large doses. • Small doses may stimulate respiration, large doses produce respiratory depression. • Sodium and water retention may occur, especially if a diuretic is not administered concurrently, and may result in tolerance to the hypotensive effect of the drugs. Monographs 291 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 5KDPQXVSXUVKLDQDIUDQJXOD &DVFDUD%XFNWKRUQ P Bark C Anthraquinones (emodin glycosides) Bitter A Laxative (stimulating) &RQVWLSDWLRQ ÀDFFLGDWRQLF I Digestive stimulant Constituents: F • Anthraquinone glycosides (dianthrones, Rhamnaceae free aglycones & emodin glycosides) Pharmacy: Medicinal Actions: • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSVLPPHUPLQXWHV TID • Antimicrobial • Tincture (1:5, 40%), 0.5-1 ml TID. 20 ml • Bitter weekly max. • Laxative • 3RZGHUHGEDUN ±JGD\ R • Note: Do not use > 10 days consecutively. Medicinal uses: • Is indicated in FKURQLFDWRQLFÁDFFLG Toxicity: constipation. • Fresh bark is emetic and cathartic. • It is a gentle, tonifying laxative in low doses and more stimulating in higher doses. • Adverse effects include acute intestinal pain and cramping (can often be offset with carminatives). Pharmacology: • Use > 10 days consecutively frequently • Anthraquinones are absorbed into the exacerbates atonicity of the colon and can blood and re-secreted into the colon as lead to dependence on laxatives for a bowel active anthraquinones where they stimulate movement to occur. smooth muscle contraction. • Recurrent use or abuse can lead to • Emodin has demonstrated anti-tumor and electrolyte imbalances (particularly potential anti-leukemic activity. hypokalemia), dehydration, and muscle 292 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 5KDPQXVSXUVKLDQDIUDQJXOD &DVFDUD%XFNWKRUQ and kidney destruction with hematuria and albuminuria. The bark of Cascara is probably • Harmless reddish discolouration of urine and the most popular cathartic on earth. feces may occur. Traditionally used as a laxative by the • Pseudomelanosis coli (PMC) is a reversible North American Indians, its use became deposition of active anthraquinone glycosides popular among the pioneers of the in the colon wall may occur. Long term use 3DFL¿F1RUWKZHVWLQWKHHDUO\V,W may predispose to colon cancer. was traditionally prepared by making a cold infusion, by soaking a piece of bark overnight and taken as a daily tonic. Contraindications: • Use > 10 days, intestinal obstruction, spastic FRQVWLSDWLRQDFXWHLQWHVWLQDOLQÀDPPDWLRQ abdominal pain of unknown origin, and children <12 years old. • 3UHJQDQF\ FDQSURYRNHUHÀH[FRQWUDFWLRQV in the uterus when taken during pregnancy leading to miscarriage). Interactions: • Due to dramatic decrease in transit time, can interfere with absorption of practically any drug. • Avoid concomitant use with drugs that cause hypokalemia, cardiac glycosides, anti- arrhythmics, and some diuretics. R References: 1. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. 2. Demuth, G. et al. Investigations on anthrachinonglycosides of Rhamnus species, V Emodin-8-O-beta-gentiobiosid,e a new O-glycoside from Rhamnus frangula. 3ODQWD0HG )HE 3. Kupchan, S. et al. Tumor inhibitors. 114. Aloe emodin: antileukemic principle LVRODWHGIURP5KDPQXVIUDQJXOD//OR\GLD -XO$XJ 4. Labadie, R. The anthracene derivatives in Rhamnus frangula L. I. The aglycones. 3KDUP:HHNEO )HE 5. Manojlovic, N. et al. Antifungal activity of Rubia tinctorum, Rhamnus frangula and &DORSODFDFHULQD)LWRWHUDSLD0DU 6. Van Gorkom, B. et al. Review article: anthranoid laxatives and their potential carcinogenic effects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999 Apr;13(4):443-52. Vanden Berg, A. et al. Anthra-derivatives in suspension cell cultures of rhamnus IUDQJXOD3ODQW6FLHQFH9ROXPH,VVXH 3DJHV 8. Vanden Berg, A. et al. Anthraquinones, Anthrones and Dianthrones in Callus Cultures of Rhamnus frangula and Rhamnus purshiana. Planta Med. 1984 Oct;50(5):449-51. • 5KDPQXV)UDQJXODSXUVKLDQD DND Cascara sagrada) is species native to Western North America Monographs 293 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 5KHXPSDOPDWXP 7XUNH\5KXEDUE P Rhizome Anthraquinones (emodin) C Tannins Laxative (stimulating) A Astringent Antimicrobial &RQVWLSDWLRQ ÀDFFLGDWRQLF I Diarrhea secondary to lack of tone F Polygonaceae Medicinal uses: • Is used for its laxative effects and is indicated in atonic constipation or diarrhea secondary to lack of tone. Also has an antiseptic effects. Constituents: • A major ingredient of ‘Essiac’ dut to anti- • Anthraquinones (emodin, sennosides & cancer action of emodin and overall bowel derivatives including rheinanthrone & rhein) R tonic. • Tannins • Volatile oil Pharmacology: • Flavonoids (rutin) • Anthraquinones are absorbed into the • Fatty acids blood and re-secreted into the colon as • Calcium oxalate active anthraquinones where they stimulate smooth muscle contraction. • Sennoside metabolites (rheinanthrone & Medicinal Actions: rhein) activate intestinal macrophages to • Antimicrobial VLJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVH3*(FRQFHQWUDWLRQV and decrease the expression of aquaporin-3 • Astringent (AQP3) expressed in the mucosal epithelial • Laxative (stimulating) cells of the colon, which is involved in • Sialogogue inhibiting water transport from the luminal to the vascular side, leading to a laxative effect. 294 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 5KHXPSDOPDWXP 7XUNH\5KXEDUE • Emodin has been shown to inhibit ATP- Contraindications: LQGXFHG,/ȕVHFUHWLRQ526SURGXFWLRQ • Use > 10 days, intestinal obstruction, spastic and phagocytosis attenuation in peritoneal FRQVWLSDWLRQDFXWHLQWHVWLQDOLQÀDPPDWLRQ macrophages. abdominal pain of unknown origin, and children <12 years old. Pharmacy: • 3UHJQDQF\ FDQSURYRNHUHÀH[FRQWUDFWLRQV • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXS FXS7,' in the uterus when taken during pregnancy leading to miscarriage). • Tincture (1:5, 40%) up to 6 ml day. 40 ml • Use caution in fever and with kidney stones. weekly max. • 3RZGHU JGD\ • Note: Do not use > 10 days consecutively. Interactions: • Can interfere with absorption of practically any drug when taken simultaneously. Toxicity: • Avoid concomitant use with drugs that • High doses may cause diarrhea with mild cause hypokalemia, cardiac glycosides, griping, icterus and hepatic enlargement, anti-arrhythmics, and some diuretics. UHQDOLQVXI¿FLHQF\DQGSURWHLQXULD • Use > 10 days consecutively frequently References: exacerbates atonicity of the colon and can 1. &KRL5HWDO$QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\SURSHUWLHVRIDQWKUDTXLQRQHVDQGWKHLUUHODWLRQ- ship with the regulation of P-glycoprotein function and expression. Eur J Pharm lead to dependence on laxatives for a bowel 6FL-DQ movement to occur. 2. Kon, R. et al. Rheinanthrone, a metabolite of sennoside A, triggers macrophage activation to decrease aquaporin-3 expression in the colon, causing the laxative HIIHFWRIUKXEDUEH[WUDFW-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO)HE • Recurrent use or abuse can lead to 3. Li, C. et al. Two New Compounds from the Roots of Rheum palmatum. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2011, Pages electrolyte imbalances (particularly 410-413. 4. Van Gorkom, B. et al. Review article: anthranoid laxatives and their potential hypokalemia), dehydration, and muscle carcinogenic effects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999 Apr;13(4):443-52. 5. Zeng, L. et al. The protective and toxic effects of rhubarb tannins and anthra- and kidney destruction with hematuria and TXLQRQHVLQWUHDWLQJKH[DYDOHQWFKURPLXPLQMXUHGUDWV WKH Monographs 295 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 5KRGLRODURVHD $UFWLF5RVH P Root Phenylpropanoids (e.g. rosavin) C Phenylethanol derivatives Flavonoids Adaptogen A Cognitive enhancer Nervine tonic Adrenal fatigue I Poor memory & concentration Neuroprotective F Crassulaceae Medicinal uses: • The effects on the nervous system for this herb can be both stimulating and sedating Constituents: depending on the dose. • Phenylpropanoids & Phenylethanol • Can enhance physical endurance, and derivatives (e.g. salidroside [aka. sexual potency, improves thyroid, thymus rhodioloside], rosavin, rosin, rosarin, and adrenal function, and protects the R rhodiolin, and rosiridin) nervous system, heart and liver through • Flavonoids (p-tyrosol, catechins & antioxidant effects. proanthocyanidins) • It increases the body’s resistance to • Phenolic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid & stress and has a neuroprotective effects, VSHFL¿FDOO\XSRQQHXURWUDQVPLWWHUVVHURWRQLQ chlorogenic acid) and dopamine. Medicinal Actions: • ,WKDVVSHFL¿FXVHIRUKHDGDFKHV • Adaptogen in neurasthenia and will enhance • Antioxidant cognitive function, learning, memory and concentration. • Cardiotonic Pharmacology: • Cognitive enhancer • Salidroside and its glycosides (rhodiolin, • Immuno-stimulant rosin, rosavin, rosarin, and rosiridin), and • Nervine tonic p-tyrosol are potent antioxidants that exert neuroprotective effects and are able 296 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 5KRGLRODURVHD $UFWLF5RVH to reduce neuronal death and behavioral Toxicity: May cause agitation, especially in dysfunction via oxidative stress pathways. those prone to anxiety. • Salidroside protects endothelium against Contraindications: Avoid with excited states H2O2-induced injury via promoting and use with caution in bipolar conditions, mitochondrial biogenesis and function, thus especially with those with a tendency towards preventing the over activation of oxidative mania. stress-related signaling pathways, enhancing Interactions: Potential interactions with superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione cardiac medications and antidepressants peroxidase (GSH) and malondialdehyde (theoretical). (MDA) in serum, heart, liver and brain tissues in vivo. • Central nervous system effects have been References: 1. &KHQ'HWDO,VRODWLRQLGHQWL¿FDWLRQDQGDQWLR[LGDWLYHFDSDFLW\RIZDWHUVROXEOH attributed to its ability to prevent the depletion phenylpropanoid compounds from Rhodiola crenulata. 2. Food Chem. 2012 Oct 15;134(4):2126-33. of adrenal catecholamines induced by 3. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. acute stress and effecting the release and 4. Kelly, G. Rhodiola rosea: A possible plant adaptogen. Alt Med Review, Vol 6 (3), 2001, pg 293-302. activity of monoamines such as serotonin, 5. Noreen, E. et al. The effects of an acute dose of Rhodiola rosea on endurance H[HUFLVHSHUIRUPDQFH-6WUHQJWK&RQG5HV0DU dopamine, and norepinephrine in the cerebral 6. Spanakis, M. et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction between losartan and Rhodiola cortex, brain stem, hypothalamus, possibly rosea in rabbits. Pharmacology. 2013;91(1-2):112-6. Xiao, L. et al. Salidroside Protects Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons from due to inhibition of the activity of enzymes Polyglutamine-Mediated Toxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress. Molecules. 2014 -XQ responsible for monoamine degradation and 8. Xing, S. et al. Salidroside stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and protects DJDLQVW+ 2 LQGXFHGHQGRWKHOLDOG\VIXQFWLRQ2[LG0HG&HOO/RQJHY facilitation of neurotransmitter transport within 2014;2014:904834. 9. Zhou, Q. et al. Free radical-scavenging activities of oligomeric proanthocyanidin the brain. from Rhodiola rosea L. and its antioxidant effects in vivo. Nat Prod Res. 2014 • May also induce opioid peptide biosynthesis Jun 4:1-3. through the activation of both central and peripheral opioid receptors. • Cardiotonic effects may be due to cyclic AMP elevation in the myocardium. Pharmacy: R • Tincture: (1:5, 40%). 1-3 ml, TID. 60 ml weekly max. • Standardized extract: (3% rosavin, 1% salidroside) 300-600 mg QD. • Note: Low dose tends to be stimulating and high dose is more sedating. Many commercial products have little to no biological activity, be sure to verify the quality of the product before purchasing. Monographs 297 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 5LFLQXVFRPPXQLV &DVWRUEHDQ P Seed Oil Ricinoleic acid C Fixed oils (Ricin) Topical: Lymphatic & Rubefacient A Internal: Laxative & Partufacient Topcial: Constipation, lymphatic I congestion, dysmenorrhea Internal: Induce labour Constituents: • Externally, it is often applied over an • Ricinoleic acid DUHDRILQÀDPPDWLRQRULQMXU\RULQWKH form of a castor oil pack to promote a • Fixed oils - Ricin (toxalbumin) & ricinine gentle movement of the bowels and/or GHWR[LÀFDWLRQRIGHHSHUWLVVXHV such as the liver. Medicinal Actions: • As a topical application it reduces • 7RSLFDO $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\/\PSKDWLF LQÀDPPDWLRQRIWKHWLVVXHVLQWKHDUHDDQG Rubefacient R will speed healing time of injured tissue. • Internal: Laxative (Purgative & Cathartic) & Topical application is also safe because the Partufacient main toxic ingredient, ricin in not extracted from the seeds into the commonly used oil. Pharmacology: Medicinal uses: • Little is known as to it’s lymphatic & • Has both internal & external applications. detoxifying effects, however mechanism • Internally is used as a purgative agent is presumed to be likened to others though the seeds are highly toxic when rubefacients. taken internally and thus must be used with • Pure ricin ingestion leads to multiple extreme caution. organ damage and death, via cholinergic • As a purgative its effect dramatic and HIIHFWVFDXVLQJV\VWHPLFLQÀDPPDWLRQZLWK pronounced. Also used to induce delayed LQFUHDVHGSURLQÀDPPDWRU\F\WRNLQHUHOHDVH labour. and subsequent multiple organ failure, • particularly kidney and liver dysfunction. 298 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 5LFLQXVFRPPXQLV &DVWRUEHDQ Pharmacy: Contraindications: • Topical (e.g. Castor oil pack): Apply oil as • Internal use (except as a partufacient to needed over intact skin and heat (hot water induce labour) bottle) to promote the absorption into tissues for 30-60 minutes daily or as needed. Interactions: None known. • Internal use not advised unless as partufacient under medical supervision. References: 1. Arslan, G. et al. An examination of the effect of castor oil packs on constipation LQWKHHOGHUO\&RPSOHPHQW7KHU&OLQ3UDFW)HE Toxicity: 2. Garry, D. et al. Use of castor oil in pregnancies at term. Altern Ther Health Med. -DQ • Toxic dose is 2-4 seeds for adults. Fatal 3. .HOO\$HWDO&DVWRURLOEDWKDQGRUHQHPDIRUFHUYLFDOSULPLQJDQGLQGXFWLRQRI labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013. dose is 2-4 dose in children, 8 seeds in 4. 0DEOH\-HWDO$FWLYDWLRQRIWKHFKROLQHUJLFDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\SDWKZD\ reduces ricin-induced mortality and organ failure in mice. Mol Med. 2009 adults. 0D\-XQ 5. Medhi, B. et al. Comparative clinical trial of castor oil and diclofenac sodium in SDWLHQWVZLWKRVWHRDUWKULWLV3K\WRWKHU5HV 2FW • Toxicity symptoms include immediate 6. 6FKLHOW]'HWDO4XDQWL¿FDWLRQRIULFLQ5&$DQGFRPSDULVRQRIHQ]\PDWLF activity in 18 Ricinus communis cultivars by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. burning of mouth and throat, thirst, vomiting, 7R[LFRQ0DU stomach pain, dull weak rapid pulse, uremia, Worbs, S. et al. Ricinus communis intoxications in human and veterinary PHGLFLQHDVXPPDU\RIUHDOFDVHV7R[LQV %DVHO 2FW diarrhea, colic. 2-5 days later: headache, dizziness, dullness of vision, depression, liver and kidney damage, retinal, scleral or CNS hemorrhage, trembling, weakness, convulsions. • Death can occur up to 12 days after ingestion. Treat with emesis or gastric lavage. R Monographs 299 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLV 5RVHPDU\ P Aerial Volatile oil C Flavonoids Caffeic acids (Rosmarininc) &DUPLQDWLYH$QWLVSDVPRGLF Cerebral circulatory & Nervine A stimulant Cardiotonic Poor memory & cognition I Depressive states with CVD weakness (e.g hypotension) F Lamiaceae • Cardiotonic • Carminative & Antispasmodic • Cerebral circulatory stimulant • Diuretic Constituents: • Volatile oil (borneol, camphene, camphor, • Nervine tonic & stimulant cineole, pinene, limonene & linalool) • Rubefacient R • Flavonoids (apigenin, diosmin, diosmin) Medicinal uses: • Caffeic acid derivatives (e.g. rosmarinic • Relaxes smooth muscle spasm of capillaries acid) & arteries, thusHQKDQFHVEORRGÁRZ • Terpenoids (carnasol, carnosic acid, throughout the circulatory & digestive oleanolic & ursolic acid) tracts. • Resin • Has therapeutic potential in treatment or prevention of bronchial asthma, • Tannins atherosclerosis & ischemic heart disease. Medicinal Actions: • Increases circulation to the head to • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ improve mental clarity, memory & vision. • Antimicrobial • ,QFUHDVHVFRURQDU\EORRGÀRZDQGH[HUWVD positive inotropic action in the myocardium. • Antioxidant • Has a tonifying effect on the circulation and • Astringent on the nervous system, making it effective 300 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLV 5RVHPDU\ in chronic circulatory weakness including Pharmacy: hypotension. • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXS7,''ULHGSDUWV J • ,WKDVVSHFL¿FXVHIRUdepressive TID states with debility and cardiovascular • Tincture (1:5, 40%), 1-2 ml TID. 50 ml weakness. weekly max. • It is used for problems involved in central • Culinary uses & Aromatherapy of EO. nervous system, cardiovascular system, genito urinary conditions, liver treatments, • External applications: baths, ointments, reproductive system & respiratory system. chest rub, massage oil. • Volatile oil is used in oils and lotions for the Toxicity: Topical use of essential oil may treatment of arthritis, gout, muscular pain, cause dermatitis & photosensitivity. neuralgia, wound and rubbed into hair for Contraindications: stimulating the hair bulbs to renewed activity, to prevent premature baldness. • Avoid internal use of essential oil. Pharmacology: • Use caution in epilepsy as high dose camphor may cause convulsions. • Volatile oils (borneol, camphene, camphor, cineole, limonene) are Interactions: May inhibit iron absorption (avoid carminative, analgesic, and nervine taking with meals and supplements). stimulants. References: 1. $O6HUHLWL0HWDO3KDUPDFRORJ\RIURVHPDU\ 5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLV/LQQ DQG LWVWKHUDSHXWLFSRWHQWLDOV,QGLDQ-([S%LRO )HE • Flavonoids & caffeic acid and its 2. Ball. L. et al. Odour-based context reinstatement effects with indirect measures derivatives (apigenin & rosmarinic of memory: The curious case of rosemary British Journal of Psychology (2010), ± acid) KDYHSRWHQWDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ 3. %HJXP$HWDO$QLQGHSWKUHYLHZRQWKHPHGLFLQDOÀRUD5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLV /DPLDFHDH $FWD6FL3RO7HFKQRO$OLPHQW-DQ0DU antioxidant effects and is well absorbed from 4. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. gastrointestinal tract and from the skin. It 5. Jordan, M. et al. Relevance of carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmarinic increases the production of prostaglandin E2 acid concentrations in the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of 5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLV / PHWKDQROLFH[WUDFWV-$JULF)RRG&KHP6HS and reduces the production of leukotriene B4 26;60(38):9603-8. 6. 0XUDWD.HWDO3URPRWLRQRIKDLUJURZWKE\5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLVOHDIH[WUDFW and inhibits the complement system. 3K\WRWKHU5HV)HE 2]DURZVNL0HWDO5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLV/OHDIH[WUDFWLPSURYHVPHPRU\ impairment and affects acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities • Terpenoids (e.g. carnosol & ursolic acid ) LQUDWEUDLQ)LWRWHUDSLD'HF R 8. Pengelly, A. et al. Short-term study on the effects of rosemary on cognitive func- have antioxidant & antibacterial activity. WLRQLQDQHOGHUO\SRSXODWLRQ-0HG)RRG-DQ • Carnosic acid has demonstrated anti- DQGURJHQLFDFWLYLW\WKURXJKLQKLELWLRQRIĮ reductase and binding of dihydrotestosterone to androgen receptors for use in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. • Diosmin reduces capillary fragility • Extracts have shown inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and a stimulatory effect on butyrylcholinesterase expression in the brain cortex and hippocampus, possibly leading to improved long-term memory. Monographs 301 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 5XEXVLGDHXV 5HG5DVSEHUU\ P Leaves Tannins C Minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe & Se)\ Flavonoids Uterine Tonic A Astringent Partufacient Labour Prep Dysmenorrhea I Menorrhagia & Post-partum hemorrhage F Rosaceae Constituents: • /HDYHV 7DQQLQVYRODWLOHRLOÀDYRQRLG effect may too strong and threaten the glycosides, Minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Se, pregnancy. Niacin • :LOOWRQL¿\WKHVPRRWKPXVFOHOD\HURI • Fruit: Ketones (4-hydroxyphenyl). Vitamins the uterus such that there is increased (A & C) & Minerals (K, Ca, Mg) contractility, regularity of contractions and decreased spasm in cases of dysmenorrhea. Medicinal Actions: • Potential use in obesity and weight loss due R • Astringent to increased lipolysis • Uterine tonic • In the treatment of diarrhea and similar • Partufacient enteric disorders for astringency, and may be useful for bacterial infection, pain, and • Thermogenic agent LQÀDPPDWLRQRIWKHJDVWURLQWHVWLQDOWUDFW Medicinal uses: Pharmacology: • Has been traditionally used to facilitate • High Calcium & Magnesium concentrations childbirth and exerts paradoxical actions PD\KHOSZLWKWRQL¿FDWLRQRIVPRRWKPXVFOH RIXWHULQHUHOD[DWLRQDQGWRQLÀFDWLRQ to possibly due to actions on polypeptides reduce post-partum hemorrhage, heavy incorporated into prostaglandin synthesis. menses, and after pains of labor. • TanninsKDYHVKRZQDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Should be used with caution before 16 and anti-Helicobacter pylori properties and weeks of gestation because the relaxing LQKLELWLRQRI71)ĮLQGXFHG1)N%GULYHQ 302 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 5XEXVLGDHXV 5HG5DVSEHUU\ transcription in gastric cells in vitro. References 1. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. • Ketone (4-hydroxyphenyl) structure is similar 2. Holst, L. et al. Raspberry leaf--should it be recommended to pregnant women? to the structures of capsaicin and synephrine, Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2009 Nov;15(4):204-8. 3. Jing, Z. et al. The effects of commercial preparations of red raspberry leaf on the compounds known to exert anti-obese FRQWUDFWLOLW\RIWKHUDW¶VXWHUXVLQYLWUR5HSURG6FL0D\ 4. Park, K. Raspberry ketone increases both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in actions and alter the lipid metabolism. 7/DGLSRF\WHV3ODQWD0HG2FW 5. 3DUVRQV0HWDO5DVSEHUU\OHDIDQGLWVHIIHFWRQODERXU VDIHW\DQGHI¿FDF\ +DVEHHQVKRZQWRVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVH Aust Coll Midwives Inc J. 1999 Sep;12(3):20-5. 6. Patel, A. et al. Therapeutic constituents and actions of Rubus species. Curr Med norepinephrine- induced lipolysis associated Chem. 2004 Jun;11(11):1501-12. Sangiovanni, E. et al. Ellagitannins from Rubus berries for the control of gastric with the translocation of hormone-sensitive LQÀDPPDWLRQ LQYLWURDQGLQYLYRVWXGLHV3/R62QH$XJ H lipase from the cytosol to lipid droplets in rat 8. 6LPSVRQ0HWDO5DVSEHUU\OHDILQSUHJQDQF\ LWVVDIHW\DQGHI¿FDF\LQODERU- Midwifery Womens Health. 2001 Mar-Apr;46(2):51-9. epididymal fat cells. 9. Yash, K. Naturopathic Clinical Boards Study Guide. Healing Mountain Publish- ing, 2011. Pharmacy: • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSZDWHU FXSV7,' • Tincture: (1:1, 25%), 2-5 ml TID. 100 ml Is a member of the Rose family and is weekly max. native to England, where it likes to grow on traveled road sides and hedges. The • Topical as douche or wash. roots were formally boiled and eaten like turnips! The generic name “Rubus” comes from the Latin meaning red, and Toxicity: None reported. “ideaus” from the Latin “ida”, the names of a mountain in Phyrgia where the Contraindications: plant grew in abundance. • 8VHFDXWLRQLQ¿UVWWULPHVWHURISUHJQDQF\ NOTE: Though the fruit is known for its nutrition and sweetness, the leaf is more prominently used in Western herbal medicine. R Interactions: • May theoretically inhibit the absorption of drugs and nutrients when used simultaneously due to high tannin content. Monographs 303 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 5XPH[FULVSXV P Root Anthraquinones C Tannins Minerals (Iron) Alterative A Astringent Laxative &KURQLFVNLQJODQGXODUGLVRUGHUVZLWK I digestive complaints Lymphadenopathy F Polygonaceae Medicinal uses: • Is especially indicated in chronic skin conditions (e.g. eczema & psoriasis) with GIT complaints and especially those due to OLYHUJDOOEODGGHUFRQJHVWLRQ • Mild laxative action is most indicated in Constituents: R chronic toxic conditions with debilitation, • Anthraquinone glycosides (chrysophanol tendency to tissue stagnation (cancer, & emodin) lymphadenopathy, ulcers, cholelithiasis, glandular enlargement). • Tannins • As an alterative is useful in rheumatic and • Iron and other minerals LQÁDPPDWRU\MRLQWGLVHDVH and in detox • Oxalates (high in leaf) SURWRFROVDVLWKHOSVWRÀXVKWR[LQVWKURXJK WKHVNLQO\PSKDWLFV\VWHPOLYHU*%DQG intestines while enhancing the absorption of Medicinal Actions: minerals. • Alterative • Used externally as a wash to enhance • Astringent granulation tissue and thus wound healing and is a useful external application for • Hepatic (Cholagogue) hemorrhoids. • Laxative 304 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 5XPH[FULVSXV Pharmacology: Contraindications: • Anthraquinone glycosides have a mild • All anthraquinone-rich herb CIs apply laxative (aperient) action and are absorbed (eg. Pregnancy, prolonged use, acute in the jejunum and hydrolyzed during LQÀDPPDWRU\ERZHOGLVHDVHHWF KRZHYHU absorption. They are then re-secreted is generally gentler and less extreme in it’s back into the bowel where they irritate, and effects when compared to other laxative hence, stimulate the intestines to undergo herbs. peristalsis. • Use caution in gout and predisposition to • Tannins provide an astringent action on the kidney stones due to oxalates. GIT acting as a gentle intestinal tonic and are Interactions: antioxidants. • Can interfere with absorption of practically • Tincture extracts have shown antimicrobial any drug when taken simultaneously. activity against Staphylococcus aureus and have demonstrated potential cytotoxic & anti- • Avoid concomitant use with drugs that cancerous effects as a potent antioxidant and cause hypokalemia, cardiac glycosides, exerting cell-death via apoptosis. anti-arrhythmics, and some diuretics. Pharmacy: References: 1. %DúNDQ6HWDO$QDO\VLVRIDQWKUDTXLQRQHVLQ5XPH[FULVSXV • 'HFRFWLRQ JFXSZDWHUVLPPHU E\PLFHOODUHOHFWURNLQHWLFFKURPDWRJUDSK\7DODQWD)HE minutes, 1-2 cups TID 2. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Well- ness Trading Post, 2004. • Tincture: (1:5, 25%), 1-3 ml, TID. 60 ml 3. Günaydin, K. et al. 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinones and an anthrone IURPURRWVRI5XPH[FULVSXV1DW3URG/HWW)HE weekly max. 4. Panciera, R. et al. Acute oxalate poisoning attributable to ingestion of curly dock (Rumex crispus) in sheep. J Am Vet Med Assoc. • Topically in Ointments & creams. 1990 Jun 15;196(12):1981-4. 5. Shiwani, S. et al. Carbohydrase inhibition and anti-cancerous and free radical scavenging properties along with DNA and protein protection ability of methanolic root extracts of Rumex crispus. Toxicity: Nutr Res Pract. 2012 Oct;6(5):389-95. 6. Wegiera, M. et al. Rumex L. species induce apoptosis in • Fresh root is emetic & purgative. Fresh leaf in 1301, EOL-1 and H-9 cell lines. Acta Pol Pharm. 2012 May- -XQ R high doses may cause acute oxalate toxicity. Yash, K. Naturopathic Clinical Boards Study Guide. Healing Mountain Publishing, 2011. • High doses may cause an aggravation 8. Yildirim, A. et al. Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial RILQÀDPPDWRU\VNLQGLVRUGHUVQDXVHD activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 vomiting, diarrhea, and can aggravate Aug;49(8):4083-9. irritable bowel and spastic colon. • Excessive use exacerbates atonicity of the colon and can lead to dependence on laxatives for a bowel movement to occur. • Hypokalemia may occur with long-term use. Monographs 305 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 6DOL[VSS :LOORZ P Bark & leaf Salicylates C Flavonoids Tannins Analgesic A $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ Anti-rheumatic Headaches Fever I Painful rheumatic disorders (e.g. myalgia, neuraglia, arthritis) F Salicaceae • Anti-rheumatic • Astringent • Bitter • Febrifuge Medicinal uses: • Is used in a variety of conditions associated Constituents: with pain, though its analgesic effects are slower than that of aspirin, but of longer S • Salicylates (salicin, populin, tremulacin & duration and without gastric side effects. salidroside) • 0LOGÀXV FROGVZLWKfever, mild headaches • Phenolic acids (vanillin, syringin, vanillic & DQGRWKHUSDLQFDXVHGE\LQÁDPPDWLRQ syringic) • ,VVSHFL¿FIRU5$DQGRWKHUsystemic • Flavonoids (isoquercitrin & naringin) connective tissue conditions with pain & • Tannins LQÁDPPDWRU\FKDQJHs such as anyklosing • Coumaric acid spondylitis, gout, muscular rheumatism, joint pain, OA, osteoporosis, tendinitis, sprains, Medicinal Actions: sciatica and neuralgia. • Analgesic • It should be noted that the irreversible • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ inhibition of platelet aggregation seen with aspirin cannot be induced by Salix. • Antimicrobial 306 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 6DOL[VSS :LOORZ Pharmacology: • $YRLGLQFKLOGUHQZLWKWKHÀXGXHWR5H\H¶V • Salicylates (salicin & salicylic acid) are syndrome (theoretical). DQDOJHVLFDQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Those with known hypersensitivity to • Salicin is metabolized & absorbed in the salicylates may experience rare reaction bowels to salicylic acid, which is has aspirin- causing urticaria, rhinitis, asthma & like effects without irritating the gastric lining. bronchial spasm. • Salicin and salicyl glycosides form salicin Interactions: after hydrolysis of the acyl group. Salicin is • Avoid while using aspirin or other salicylate WKHQVSOLWE\LQWHVWLQDOÀRUDLQWRVDOLJHQLQ FRQWDLQLQJVXEVWDQFHVDOFRKROEDUELWXWDWHV (salicyl alcohol) and glucose which is then sedatives, NSAIDs, anticoagulants, absorbed and oxidized in the blood and methotrexate, spironolactone, phenytoin, liver to salicylic acid and has antipyretic, valproate medications. analgesic, anti-rheumatic, and anti-septic References: actions likely due to their ability to inhibit 1. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. cyclooxygenase, complement activation and 2. Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional’s Handbook of Complementary Medicines. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. thus interfere with the production of reactive 3. Gagnier, J. et al. Herbal medicine for low back pain: a Cochrane review. Spine 3KLOD3D -DQ oxygen species (ROS). 4. Kenstaviciene, P. et al. Application of high-performance liquid chromatography for research of salicin in bark of different varieties of Salix. Medicina (Kaunas). • NOTE: Best takent with probiotics to optimize 2009;45(8):644-51. 5. 3REáRFND2OHFK/HWDO&KURPDWRJUDSKLFDQDO\VLVRIVDOLF\OLFFRPSRXQGVLQ JXWÀRUDFRQYHUVLRQRIVDOLF\ODWHV GLIIHUHQWVSHFLHVRIWKHJHQXV6DOL[-6HS6FL1RY 6. Shrivastava, R. et al. Tanacetum parthenium and Salix alba (Mig-RL) combina- tion in migraine prophylaxis: a prospective, open-label study. Clin Drug Investig. Pharmacy: Sucich, MI, Sanoski CA. Herbal Notes: Complementary & Alternative Medicine • 'HFRFWLRQ JFXSVLPPHUPLQ7,' Pocket Guide. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Company; 2011. 8. Vlachojannis, J. et al. Willow species and aspirin: different mechanism of DFWLRQV3K\WRWKHU5HV-XO • Tincture (1:5, 25%), 5-8 ml TID. 100 ml 9. Yash, K. Naturopathic Clinical Boards Study Guide. Healing Mountain Publish- weekly max. ing, 2011. • Dried bark: 1-3 g, TID (the effective dose of VDOLFLQLVPJGD\ Toxicity: • In high doses salicylic acid has an ototoxic effect by inhibiting prestin, which is the motor S protein of the outer hair cells of the inner ear of the mammalian cochlea. It has been known to induce transient hearing loss in ]LQFGH¿FLHQWLQGLYLGXDOV • Theoretically Salicylism which is an acute overdose of salicylates can produce toxicity symptoms ranging from mild nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy, tinnitus, and dizziness, depending on the dose consumed. Contraindications: Monographs 307 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 6DPEXFXVQLJUDFDQDGHQVLV %ODFN(OGHUEHUU\ P Flowers & Berries Flavonoids C Tannins Mucilage Anti-catarrhal & Expectorant A $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ Diaphoretic &ROG ÀXVZLWKIHYHUDQGRUFDWDUUK I Rhinitis & sinusitis Rheumatic complaints F Caprifoliaceae Constituents: • Diuretic • Flavonoids (sambucin & anthocyanocides) • Expectorant • Volatile oil • Laxative • Sterols • Tannins Medicinal uses: • Mucilage • ,VVSHFL¿FIRUWKHWUHDWPHQWRIFROGV ÀXV • Minerals (Iron) and acute infections associated with fever, URT congestion, headache and S • Vitamin A & C nausea. • Pectin (sugars) • Useful in rhinitis, asthma, croup, hay fever, • Fixed oils (linoleic & linolenic) conjunctivitis, rheumatism, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis. • Flowers & berries are known for anti- Medicinal Actions: catarrhal & alterative effects useful in allergic • Alterative conditions (i.e. sinusitis, asthma) with cough & excessive mucous production. • Anti-catarrhal • Berries are especially useful for joint • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ diseases and rheumatism. • Carminative & Antispasmodic • Demulcent • Diaphoretic 308 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 6DPEXFXVQLJUDFDQDGHQVLV %ODFN(OGHUEHUU\ Pharmacology: References: 1. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. • Flavonoids may be responsible for the 2. Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional’s Handbook of Complementary Medicines. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. diaphoretic and diuretic effects. 3. Guo, R. et al. Herbal medicines for the treatment of rhinosinusitis: a systematic review. Otolarynggol Head Neck Surg 2006;135(4):496-506. • Tannins are astringent & anti-catarrhal. 4. .ãRQåHNRYi3HWDO,QYLWURVWXG\RIELRORJLFDODFWLYLWLHVRIDQWKRF\DQLQULFK berry extracts on porcine intestinal epithelial cells. J Sci Food Agric. 2015 • Can increase cytokine productions, Mar 19. 5. 6DND\5RQHV=HWDO,QKLELWLRQRIVHYHUDOVWUDLQVRILQÀXHQ]DYLUXVLQYLWURDQG strengthens cell membranes and protects UHGXFWLRQRIV\PSWRPVE\DQHOGHUEHUU\H[WUDFWGXULQJDQRXWEUHDNRILQÀXHQ]D B Panama. J Altern Complement Med 1995;1(4):361-369. against virus penetration. 6. 6DND\5RQHV=HWDO5DQGRPL]HGVWXG\RIWKHHI¿FDF\DQGVDIHW\RIRUDO HOGHUEHUU\H[WUDFWLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRILQÀXHQ]D$DQG%YLUXVLQIHFWLRQV-,QW Med Red 2004;32(2):132-140. • Lectins in bark and cyanogenic glycosides in Sucich, MI, Sanoski CA. Herbal Notes: Complementary & Alternative Medicine leaves are potentially toxic. Pocket Guide. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Company; 2011. • High Vitamin C content in berries potentiates effects on collagen and mast cells. Is a small tree common to pastures DQGPHDGRZVWKDWÀRZHUVLQODWH summer. (S. nigra is a somewhat larger Pharmacy: plant). Elder has a heavy smell which • ,QIXVLRQ ÀRZHUV RUGHFRFWLRQ EHUULHV Shakespeare referred to as “the stinking WEVSFXS7,' HOGHU´,WKDVDPLOGLQÀXHQFHRQWKH • Tincture: (1:2, 25%), 2-4 ml, TID. 80 ml mind & scenes, which undoubtedly weekly max. contributed to the main mysterious traditions associated with it. • Wine, Tonics, Syrups & Elixirs Planting an Elder in a herb garden is FRQVLGHUHGEHQH¿FLDOWRWKHPHGLFLQDO Toxicity: plants growing there because is though to serve as a protector or guardian • In high does may cause GIT upset, to what grows there (as the stinking weakness, dizziness, and allergy type leaves are thought to perhaps repel reactions. insects). • Potential for cyanide toxicity from bark, OHDYHVVHHGDQGUDZXQULSHIUXLW S Contraindications: • Internal ingestion of unripe fruits due to risk of cyanide toxicity. • Pregnancy & Lactation (controversial) Interactions: • May have additive effects with caffeine, chemotherapy, diuretics, and laxatives. • May antagonize immunosuppressants. Monographs 309 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot) P Rhizome C Isoquinoline Alkaloids Analgesic A Antimicrobial Expectorant Chronic congestive lung conditions I Topical use in variety of infections (e.g. gingivitis) F Papaveraceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • Benzophenanthridine type isoquinolone • Is indicated in chronic congestive lung alkaloids (sanguinarine, chelerythrine & conditions (e.g. bronchitis, emphysema, oxysanguinaridine) asthma, croup, and laryngitis), and has • Other alkaloids inclusing berberine, traditionally been used in tinctures and coptisine, protopine, chelilutine, cough syrups as an expectorant, especially chelirubine, sanguidimerine, sanguirubine, when the cough is dry or irritated and UHVSLUDWLRQLVGLIÀFXOW allocryoptopine, sanguidaridine, & S sanguilutine • Exerts smooth muscle relaxation and antimicrobial effects in acute URT infections. • Is often used in toothpaste and other oral Medicinal Actions: hygiene products to inhibit the growth of oral • Analgesic bacteria when used as gargle or mouthwash. • Antimicrobial • Expectorant Pharmacology: • Immunomodulator • Benzophenanthridine type isoquinolone • Respiratory amphoteric alkaloids (principally sanguinarine) constitute the primary active compounds having antimicrobial, antifungal, anti- LQÀDPPDWRU\DQGPDVWFHOOKLVWDPLQH release inhibition effects. 310 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot) • Sanguinarine has broad antimicrobial membranes. DFWLYLW\DVZHOODVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ properties, and has been shown to uncouple phosphorylation and intercalate with DNA Interactions: None known. and induce the release of membrane-bound cell wall autolytic enzymes, resulting in lysis References: of the bacterial cell walls, which may explain 1. Becci, P. et al. Short-term toxicity studies of sanguinarine and of two alkaloid antibacterial and antiviral properties. H[WUDFWVRI6DQJXLQDULDFDQDGHQVLV/-7R[LFRO(QYLURQ+HDOWK 2):199-208. 2. Boyd, E. et al. The effect of quillaia, senega, squill, grindelia, sanguinaria, chion- DQWKXVDQGGLRVFRUHDXSRQWKHRXWSXWRIUHVSLUDWRU\WUDFWÀXLG$FWD3KDUPDFRO Toxicol (Copenh). 1946;2(3):235-46. 3. Brinker, F. Herbal Contraindications and Drug Interactions: Plus Herbal Adjuncts Pharmacy: with Medicines. 4th ed. Eclectic Medical Publications; 2010. 4. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSGULHGURRWFXSZDWHUVLPPHU Post, 2004. 5. Godowski, K. Antimicrobial action of sanguinarine. J Clin Dent. 1989 20 minutes, TID Spring;1(4):96-101. 6. Harkrader, R. et al. The history, chemistry and pharmacokinetics of Sanguinaria • Tincture (1:5, 40%), 2-5 ml TID. 100 ml H[WUDFW-&DQ'HQW$VVRF 6XSSO Newton, S. et al. The evaluation of forty-three plant species for in vitro antimyco- weekly max. bacterial activities; isolation of active constituents from Psoralea corylifolia and 6DQJXLQDULDFDQDGHQVLV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO-DQ 8. Obiang-Obounou, B. et al. The mechanism of action of sanguinarine against • Gargles & Mouthwashes PHWKLFLOOLQUHVLVWDQW6WDSK\ORFRFFXVDXUHXV-7R[LFRO6FL-XQ 83. 9. Senchina, D. et al. Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L., Papaveraceae) Enhances Proliferation and Cytokine Production by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in an In Vitro Model. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2009 Jan Toxicity: 1;15(1):45. • Large doses may cause nausea & vomiting. Contraindications: • Pregnancy & lactation. • Avoid in sensitive or irritated mucous S Monographs 311 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 6FKLVDQGUDFKLQHQVLV 6FKLVDQGUD P )UXLW%HUULHV Lignans (schizadrin) C Flavonoids Phytosterols Adaptogen A Antioxidant Nervous system trophorestorative 3RRULPPXQHOLYHUIXQFWLRQPHPRU\ I concentration & resistance to mental SK\VLFDOVWUHVV HJ¿EURP\DOJLD F Schisandraceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • Lignans (schizadrin, gomisin & pregomisin) • Of great use as a general hepatoprotective, • Flavonoids antioxidant and adrenal adaptogen, especially in cases of chronic fatigue • Į&XEHEHQRDWH V\QGURPHUHODWHGWRLQÁDPPDWRU\DQG • Phytosterols (beta-sitosterols & oxidative stress. stigmasterol) • Promotes vitality and increases memory and • Volatile oils (sesquiterpenes) cognitive functions (neuroprotective) while providing resistance to stress. • Nutrients (Vitamins C & E) S • Will tone and strengthen the immune system to increase physical performance Medicinal Actions: and endurance and promotes recovery after surgery. • Adaptogen • Will enhance athletic performance and • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ LPSURYHOLYHUGHWR[LÀFDWLRQDQGIXQFWLRQV • Antioxidant • Astringent Pharmacology: • Cardiac tonic • Lignans (schizadrin, gomisin & • Hepatoprotective pregomisin) are hepatoprotective and • Nervous system trophorestorative immunomodulating. Appear to protect the (Neuroprotective) liver by activating liver enzymes that produce glutathione. 312 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 6FKLVDQGUDFKLQHQVLV 6FKLVDQGUD • Gomisin has been shown to produce References: 1. Chyau, C. Schisandra chinensis peptidoglycan-assisted transmembrane EHQH¿FLDOVHGDWLYHDQGK\SQRWLFHIIHFWV transport of lignans uniquely altered the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic PHFKDQLVPVLQKXPDQ+HS*FHOOPRGHO3/R62QH-DQ H SRVVLEO\PHGLDWHGE\WKHPRGL¿FDWLRQRIWKH 2. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. serotonergic and GABAergic system 3. .DQJ6HWDO,GHQWL¿FDWLRQRIDQRYHODQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\FRPSRXQG ĮFXEHEHQRDWHIURP6FKLVDQGUDFKLQHQVLV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO$SU • Lignans have shown an ability to alleviate 11;153(1):242-9. 4. Panossian, A. Adaptogens in mental and behavioral disorders. Psychiatr Clin the provocation of corticosterone in stressed North Am. 2013 Mar;36(1):49-64. 5. 3DQRVVLDQ$HWDO(YLGHQFHEDVHGHI¿FDF\RIDGDSWRJHQVLQIDWLJXHDQG mice and decrease oxidative damage molecular mechanisms related to their stress-protective activity. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Sep;4(3):198-219. while increasing anti-oxidative capability of 6. Pu, H. et al. Correlation between Antistress and Hepatoprotective Effects of hepatocytes. Schisandra Lignans Was Related with Its Antioxidative Actions in Liver Cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:161062. Venkanna, A. et al. Phytochemical investigation of sesquiterpenes from the • į&XEHEHQRDWH DQRYHODQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ fruits of Schisandra chinensis and their cytotoxic activity. Fitoterapia. 2014 Jun;95:102-8. compounds) has shown an inhibition of 8. Yu, H. et al. Lignans from the Fruit of Schisandra glaucescens with Antioxidant the production of NO and PGE2 in vitro in and Neuroprotective Properties. J Nat Prod. 2014 Jun 13. 9. Zhang, C. et al. Gomisin N isolated from Schisandra chinensis augments peritoneal macrophages. SHQWREDUELWDOLQGXFHGVOHHSEHKDYLRUVWKURXJKWKHPRGL¿FDWLRQRIWKHVHURWRQHU- gic and GABAergic system. Fitoterapia. 2014 Apr 29;96C:123-130. • Sesquiterpenes have demonstrated cytotoxic activities. Pharmacy: Scisandra fruits come from aromatic trees that are native to China and • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSZDWHUVLPPHU Russia. It is most often found in minutes, TID formulas used to relieve stress, and as • Tincture: (1:2, 45%), 1-3 ml TID. 60 ml it can be a profound CNS relaxant it is weekly max. often combined with ginseng or gotu • Powder: 250 mg TID kola to increase one’s stamina. Toxicity: • High doses may cause mild GIT disturbances (reduces appetite, heartburn, nausea, indigestion, headaches, skin rash). S Contraindications: None known. Interactions: • Theoretically can interfere with metabolism of many drugs due to effect on liver & gastric secretions. Monographs 313 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 6FXWHOODULDODWHULÀRUD 6NXOOFDS P Aerial Flavonoid glycosides (scutellarin) C Iridoids Volatile oil Antispasmodic A Nervine Tonic & Sedative Hypotensive 1HUYRXVWHQVLRQH[KDXVWLRQ (depression & anxiety) I Muscle spasm & tremors (myalgia & neuralgia) F Lamiaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • Flavonoids, Diterpenes & Phenylethanoid • Traditionally used as a nervine tonic & glycosides (e.g. acteoside, baicalein, sedative to treat various nervous disorders baicalin, apigenin, scutellarin, scutellarien such as stress, anxiety, and premenstrual & luteolin) tension. • Iridoid glycosides (catalpol) • Can be used long-term for nervous tension • Volatile oil (limonene, terpineol, & and exhaustion as it relaxes these states S humulene) while at the same time renewing & reviving the central nervous system. • Tannins • $VDQHXURSURWHFWLYHFDQVLJQL¿FDQWO\ • Minerals enhance mood without a reduction in energy or cognition, and will reduce oxidative stress implicated in neurodegenerative Medicinal Actions: and neuropsychiatric disorders including • Antioxidant depression, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s. • Antispasmodic • An anticonvulsant & antispasmodic indicated for muscular tension, twitching • Bitter and tremors, grand mal seizures and • Nervine Tonic & Sedative neuralgias. • Hypotensive 314 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 6FXWHOODULDODWHULÀRUD 6NXOOFDS Pharmacology: References: 1. Awad, R. et al. Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria ODWHULÀRUD/ DPHGLFLQDOSODQWZLWKDQ[LRO\WLFSURSHUWLHV3K\WRPHGLFLQH • Flavonoids & diterpenes possess wide Nov;10(8):640-9. pharmacological actions, such as antitumor, 2. %URFN&HWDO$PHULFDQ6NXOOFDS 6FXWHOODULDODWHULÀRUD DUDQGRPLVHG double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its effects on mood in healthy anti-angiogenesis, hepatoprotective, volunteers. Phytother Res. 2014 May;28(5):692-8. 3. %UXQR0HWDO1HRFOHURGDQHGLWHUSHQRLGVIURP6FXWHOODULDODWHULÀRUD3K\WR- antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antibacterial and FKHPLVWU\9ROXPH,VVXH-XQH 3DJHV± 4. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading antiviral activities Post, 2004. 5. Kuroda, M. et al. Chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Scutellaria ODWHULÀRUDDQGWKHLUDOSKDJOXFRVLGDVHLQKLELWRU\DFWLYLWLHV1DW3URG&RPPXQ • Flavonoids (apigenin, scutellarin $SU & luteolin) are antispasmodic, anti- 6. /RKDQL0HWDO$QWLR[LGDWLYHDQG'1$SURWHFWLQJHIIHFWVRIÀDYRQRLGVULFK 6FXWHOODULDODWHULÀRUD1DW3URG&RPPXQ2FW LQÀDPPDWRU\DQGKDYHVLJQL¿FDQWDQWLR[LGDQW Shang, X. et al. The genus Scutellaria an ethnopharmacological and phyto- FKHPLFDOUHYLHZ-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO0DU effects that will neutralize free radicals having 8. Zhang, Z. et al. Characterization of chemical ingredients and anticonvulsant DFWLYLW\RI$PHULFDQVNXOOFDS 6FXWHOODULDODWHULÀRUD 3K\WRPHGLFLQH protective effects against oxidative stress. May;16(5):485-93. • Scutellarin VSHFL¿FDOO\KDVFDOPLQJELWWHU effects and has demonstrated an ability to inhibit sucrase and maltase and alpha- glucosidase activity lending potential anti- diabetic effects In TCM, Skullcap is effective in • Baicalin and its aglycone baicalein may nervousness, worry, or apprehension play a role in anxiolytic & anti-convulsant with a choppy pulse due to disturbed activity, as they are known to bind to the heart Qi. It enters the heart and liver benzodiazepine site of GABA receptors and channels and helps clear heat in both may organ systems. • Volatile oils (limonene, terpineol & Easy to confuse with Scutellaria humulene) are antispasmodic and anti- baicalensis (or Baikal skullcap) but both LQÀDPPDWRU\ are very different in their use. Pharmacy: • ,QIXVLRQ WEVSFXS7,' • Tincture: (1:2, 45%), 2-4 ml TID. 80 ml weekly max. S • Powdered herb: 1-2 g QD Toxicity: None known Contraindications: None reported Interactions: • Theoretical additive effects with CNS GHSUHVVDQWVVHGDWLYHPHGLFDWLRQV Monographs 315 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 6LO\EXPPDULDQXP 0LON7KLVWOH P Fruit (seed) Flavolignans (silymarin complex) C Flavonoids Mucilage Antioxidant Hepatic (Cholagogue) A Hepatoprotective & Liver trophorestorative ,QÀDPPDWRU\ LQIHFWLRXVOLYHU I disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis) +HSDWRELOLDU\LQVXI¿FLHQF\ F Asteraceae Medicinal uses: • Will promote the regeneration of diseased Constituents: liver cells and protect against toxic • Flavolignans (silybin, silydianin, & exposures (e.g. alcohol, drug, or dietary silychristin known collectively as silymarin abuse) giving it a role in any chronic liver or “the silymarin complex”) disease and especially those resulting IURPR[LGDWLYH LQÁDPPDWRU\LQMXU\ • Flavonoids VXFKDV¿EURVLV FLUUKRVLV KHSDWRFHOOXODU • Volatile oil carcinoma, and hepatitis. S • Bitter principle • It will also aid in gall bladder problems, and increase the production of breast milk in • Mucilage breastfeeding mothers. Medicinal Actions: • Is useful in the treatment and prevention • Antioxidant of cardiovascular disease and in • Hepatic (Cholagogue) the management of diabetes and its complications. • Hepatoprotective & Liver trophorestorative Pharmacology: • Hypoglycemic • 6LO\PDULQ ÁDYROLJQDQV is a mixture of • Hypolipidemic three structural isomers: silybin, silydianin • Galactagogue and silychristin, the former being the most active component. • Flavolignans are powerful antioxidants that 316 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 6LO\EXPPDULDQXP 0LON7KLVWOH can regenerate injured liver cells. They Toxicity: Rare adverse effects have been re- DFWWRSURPRWHGHWR[L¿FDWLRQV\VWHPVRI ported, including sweating, abdominal cramps, regenerate both glutathione & superoxide and diarrhea. Insomnia, headache, dermatitis, dismutase within the hepatocyte, both of and arthralgia. which are subject to deactivation due to their Contraindications: exhaustion in the case of an overload of toxic substances. Will restore functional and • Allergy to Asteraceae family. histopathological damage to hepatocytes. • Pregnancy & Lactation (controversial). • Silymarin & silybin react with numerous • Use caution in anemic & thalassemic free radicals to form more stable and less patients due to potential iron-chelating reactive compounds thus increasing the effects of silybin. stability of hepatocyte cell membranes and may act as a toxin blockade agent by Interactions: inhibiting binding of toxins to the hepatocyte • May affect metabolism of various drugs cell membrane receptors. Will inhibit lipid (either increasing or decreasing levels) such peroxidation, increase ribosomal protein as anti-diabetic agents (additive), estrogen, synthesis, and decreases the activity of lamotrigine and lorazepam. tumor promoters within hepatocytes. • Has the potential to reduce iron storage & • Silymarin has also shown hypoglycemic absorption. (enhances insulin sensitivity) & hypolipidemic References: (reduces total plasma cholesterol, LDL & 1. Blaising, J. et al. Silibinin inhibits hepatitis C virus entry into hepatocytes by hin- GHULQJFODWKULQGHSHQGHQWWUDI¿FNLQJ&HOO0LFURELRO1RY VLDL) effects, reducing lipid peroxidation and 2. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. WKXVKDYLQJEHQH¿FLDOHIIHFWVXSRQPDUNHUV 3. Flora, K. et al. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for the therapy of liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998 Feb;93(2):139-43. of cardiovascular disease. 4. Hackett, E. et al. Milk thistle and its derivative compounds: a review of opportu- QLWLHVIRUWUHDWPHQWRIOLYHUGLVHDVH-9HW,QWHUQ0HG-DQ)HE • Silybin has demonstrated potential 5. Hutchinson, C. et al. The iron-chelating potential of silybin in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Oct;64(10):1239-41. broad-spectrum antiviral activity and has 6. Kazazis, C. et la. The therapeutic potential of milk thistle in diabetes. Rev Diabet 6WXG6XPPHU been shown to potently inhibit Hepatitis Mastron, J. et al. Silymarin and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic, compre- &YLUDOHQWU\E\VORZLQJGRZQWUDI¿FNLQJ KHQVLYHDQGFULWLFDOUHYLHZ$QWLFDQFHU'UXJV-XQ 8. 5DPEDOGL$HWDO0LON7KLVWOHIRUDOFRKROLFDQGRUKHSDWLWLV%RU&YLUXVOLYHU through clathrin-coated pits and vesicles, GLVHDVHV&RFKUDLQ'DWDEDVH6\VW5HY 9. Shaker, E. et al. Silymarin, the antioxidant component and Silybum marianum improving HCV-RNA titers, and serum extracts prevent liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Mar;48(3):803-6. 10. Sucich, MI, Sanoski CA. Herbal Notes: Complementary & Alternative Medicine aminotransferases (ALT & AST). Pocket Guide. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Company; 2011. S Pharmacy: • Tincture: (1:1, 60%), 1-3 ml TID. 60 ml weekly max. • Crushed fruit: 80-200 mg TID. • 6WDQGDUGL]HGH[WUDFW VLO\PDULQ 600mg QD. • Note: taking with lecithin promotes silymarin absorption, and seeds need to be cracked or crushed with any preparation. Monographs 317 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 6PLOD[RI¿FLQDOLV 6DUVDSDULOOD P Root, leaves & stems Saponins (Steroidal & Glycosidal) C Phtyosterols Flavonoids Alterative A $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ Anti-rheumatic &KURQLFLQÀDPPDWRU\VNLQFRQGLWLRQV I (acne & eczema) Rheumatic complaints (arthritis) F Smilacaceae Constituents: • Steroidal & Glycosidal saponins (parillin, Medicinal uses: sarsaponin, smilagenin, sarsasapogenin, • An incredibly useful alterative that has sarsaparilloside) been used historically to heal chronic skin • Phytosterols (beta-sitosterol & stigmasterol) conditions such as eczema, psoriasis and other scaling skin diseases. • )ODYRQRLGV ÀDYDQRQROUKDPQRVLGHV • It has also been used to relieve symptoms of • Oxalic acid rheumatism and arthritis. • Fatty acids • May modulate serum androgen levels, • Resin potentially decreasing DHT and thus having S • Minerals (iodine) use in cystic acne & benign prostatic enlargement. • Current popular use as an anabolic agent by Medicinal Actions: ERG\EXLOGHUVIRULWVKRUPRQDOLQÀXHQFHLV • Alterative somewhat unfounded. • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Anti-rheumatic Pharmacology: • Antimicrobial • Steroidal saponins exert steroid modulating effects in the body (particularly testosterone), • Diuretic and are used in the manufacturing of • Immuno-modulating cortisone & other steroids. May act as a competitive inhibitor for androgens. 318 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 6PLOD[RI¿FLQDOLV 6DUVDSDULOOD • Saponins bind gut endotoxins, which have References 1. %HUQDUGR5HWDO6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQVIURP6PLOD[RI¿FLQDOLV3K\WRFKHPLVWU\ been shown to stimulate cGMP (stimulus for 1996 Sep;43(2):465-9. 2. Challinor, V. et al. Steroidal saponins from the roots of Smilax sp.: structure and the proliferative cell division that occurs in ELRDFWLYLW\6WHURLGV$SU 3. Chen, J. et al. Fraction of macroporous resin from Smilax china L. inhibits psoriasis) and reduce toxic load within the testosterone propionate-induced prostatic hyperplasia in castrated rats. J Med gut, and have demonstrated anti-proliferative )RRG-XO 4. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading activity against human colon tumor cell lines. Post, 2004. 5. Jiang, J. et al. Immunomodulatory activity of the aqueous extract from rhizome of Smilax glabra in the later phase of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. J • Parillin has demonstrated antibiotic activity Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Mar;85(1):53-9. 6. -LDQJ-HWDO$QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLYLW\RIWKHDTXHRXVH[WUDFWIURP5KL]RPD • Resin inhibits prostatic hyperplasia, reducing VPLODFLVJODEUDH3KDUPDFRO5HV 2FW Park, G. et al. Antioxidant effects of the sarsaparilla via scavenging of reactive the DHT level in serum and improving the oxygen species and induction of antioxidant enzymes in human dermal ¿EUREODVWV(QYLURQ7R[LFRO3KDUPDFRO-XO prostate gland morphology in vivo. 8. Reichert, R. BINM Lecture Notes: Men’s Health & Phytomedicine, 2014. 9. 6KDR%HWDO6WHURLGDOVDSRQLQVIURP6PLOD[FKLQDDQGWKHLUDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Flavanonol rhamnosides have DFWLYLWLHV3K\WRFKHPLVWU\0DU 10. She, T. et al. Sarsaparilla (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) extract inhibits migration phytoestrogenic activity. DQGLQYDVLRQRIFDQFHUFHOOVE\VXSSUHVVLQJ7*)ȕSDWKZD\3/R62QH 0DU H 11. Wungsintaweekul, B. et al. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic compounds from the • May act as a therapeutic agent of immuno- Thai medicinal plant, Smilax corbularia (Smilacaceae). Phytochemistry. 2011 LQÀDPPDWRU\GLVHDVHVWKURXJKDVHOHFWLYH $SU suppression on the cellular immune response without suppressing humoral immune responses. There are about a hundred species • 'LUHFWDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\PHFKDQLVPLQFOXGHV of Smilax worldwide, coming from inhibition of PGE2, IL-1, TNF and NO Jamaica, North, South & America as and improving activity of dysfunctional T ZHOODV&KLQD6LJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHV lymphocytes. exist among species, although some are very similar. Herbalist Michael Moore states he prefers the spices Pharmacy: from the Western United States S. • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSZDWHUFXS7,' californica, which he calls “groovy stuff”. • Tincture: (1:1, 40%), 2-4 ml TID. 80 ml weekly max. Toxicity: S • High doses may cause GIT upset and irritation, and long-term use may cause ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa and temporary kidney impairment. Contraindications: None reported. Interactions: • 0D\LQFUHDVHDEVRUSWLRQDQGRUPHWDEROLVP of some medications (eg. digitalis, bismuth, hypnotics and benzodiazepenes) Monographs 319 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 6WDFK\VRI¿QFLDOLV :RRG%HWRQ\ P Aerial parts & root Alkaloids C Phenylethanoid glycosides Saponins Alterative A Antispasmodic & Carminative Nervine Tonic & Sedative Tension headaches I Anxiety & hypertension Rheumatic complaints F Lamiaceae • Astringent • Bitter Constituents: • Carminative • 9RODWLOHRLO JHUPDFUHQHȕFDU\RSK\OOHQH • Nervine Tonic & Sedative humulene) • Alkaloids (stachydrine & betonicine) Medicinal uses: S • Phenylethanoid & Iridoid glycosides • Useful in the treatment of headaches (acetoside, aucubin, harpagoside & secondary to muscle tensionDQGRU betonyosides A-F) hypertension that is worsened by anxiety, or • Saponins in nervous debility associated with anxiety & tension. • Betaine & Choline • Will gently tonify and strengthen the nervous • Tannins system while exerting an overall relaxing effect. Medicinal Actions: • Astringent, antimicrobial, and alterative • Alterative actions give it usefulness in treating rheumatism, dysbiosis, and various toxic • Antimicrobial conditions. • Antispasmodic 320 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 6WDFK\VRI¿QFLDOLV :RRG%HWRQ\ Pharmacology: • VO found to be antibacterial and anti-fungal in vitro against Aspergillus niger & Candida :RRGEHWRQ\LVDÀRZHULQJ albicans. ornamental plant native to Europe, • Iridoids & phenylethanoid glycosides have and has a widespread history of VLJQL¿FDQWDQWLR[LGDQWDQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ use dating back to the Roman effects but other active constituents or their empire. During the Middle Ages, it synergism are also implicated. received a reputation for treating mental disorders, and was reported to magically relieve anxiety and Pharmacy: depression. • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXS7,' • Tincture: (1:5, 45%), 2-6 ml TID. 125 ml weekly max. • Dried herb: 2-4 g, TID • 3RXOWLFHPRXWKZDVKJDUJOH Toxicity: • Fresh leaves are intoxicating. • High doses can cause diarrhea & vomiting. Contraindications: None known. Interactions: None reported. References: 1. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. S 2. +i]QDJ\5DGQDL(HWDO$QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLYLWLHVRI+XQJDULDQ6WDFK\VVSH- cies and their iridoids. Phytother Res. 2012 Apr;26(4):505-9. 3. Lazarevic, J. et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the HVVHQWLDORLORI6WDFK\VRI¿FLQDOLV / 7UHYLV /DPLDFHDH &KHP%LRGLYHUV -XO 4. Matkowski, A. et al. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some PHGLFLQDOSODQWVIURPWKH/DPLDFHDH)LWRWHUDSLD-XO 5. 0L\DVH7HWDO3KHQ\OHWKDQRLGJO\FRVLGHVIURP6WDFK\VRI¿FLQDOLV3K\WRFKHP- LVWU\ 6HS 6. Sliumpaite, I. et al. Antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of wood EHWRQ\ %HWRQLFDRI¿FLQDOLV/V\Q6WDFK\VRI¿FLQDOLV/ ,QGXVWULDO&URSVDQG 3URGXFWV9ROXPH2FWREHU3DJHV Monographs 321 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 6WHOODULDPHGLD &KLFNZHHG P Aerial Triterpenoid saponins C Coumarins & Hydroxycoumarins Flavonoids Alterative A Anti-rheumatic Demulcent, Emollient & Vulnerary Topically in irritated skin disorders I (e.g. eczema & urticaria) Rheumatic complaints & Gout F Caryophyllaceae Medicinal Actions: • Alterative • Antimicrobial • Anti-rheumatic • Astringent Constituents: • Carminative • Triterpenoid saponins & glycosides • Demulcent, Emollient & Vulnerary S • Coumarins & Hydroxycoumarins • Diuretic • Flavonoids (rutin) • Hepatoprotective • Phenolic & Carboxylic acids • Laxative (mild) • Phytosterols • Nutrients: Vitamin C, B complex & carotenoids Medicinal uses: • Fatty acids (GLA) • Has traditionally been used to treat various GLVHDVHVVXFKDVLQÀDPPDWLRQVRIWKH • Polysaccharides (pentasaccharide & digestive, renal, respiratory and reproductive lychnose) tracts. It also possesses diuretic, • Proteins (stellarmedin A) expectorant, anti-asthmatic and is a foik remedy for obesity. 322 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 6WHOODULDPHGLD &KLFNZHHG • Is primarily used to treat irritated skin and Toxicity: soothes severe itchiness. It also relieves • In large quantities may cause diarrhea & eczema, varicose veins, and urticaria. An vomiting infusion of the fresh or dried plant may be • Rare cases of rashes with topical use have added to a bath to soothe skin conditions. occurred • The emollient properties help reduce Contraindications: LQÀDPPDWLRQDQGDUHXVHIXOLQUKHXPDWLFMRLQW • Known allergy conditions, and also helps encourage tissue • Use caution on open wounds repair. Interactions: None known. • As an antioxidant displays strong inhibitory References: actions against xanthine oxidase and thus 1. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. decreases in the risk of hyperuricemia and 2. Gorina, Y. et al. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of water-soluble polysac- charide fraction of Stellaria media L. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2013 Mar;154(5):645-8. gout. 3. Hu, Y. et al. New triterpenoid from Stellaria media (L.) Cyr. Nat Prod Res. 4. Ma, L. et al. Anti-hepatitis B virus activity of chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Vill.] H[WUDFWVLQ+HS*FHOOV0ROHFXOHV-XO 5. 6KDQ<HWDO3XUL¿FDWLRQDQGFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRIDQRYHODQWL+69SURWHLQ Pharmacology: with antiproliferative and peroxidase activities from Stellaria media. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2013 Aug;45(8):649-55. 6. Vanhaecke, M. et al. Isolation and characterization of a pentasaccharide from • Triterpenoid saponins may account for anti- 6WHOODULDPHGLD-1DW3URG1RY pruritic effects and ability to soothe irritated Vanhaecke, M. et al. Complete NMR characterization of lychnose from Stellaria PHGLD / 9LOO&DUERK\GU5HV1RY skin. Also help to increase the effectiveness of bactericides by increasing the permeability of the bacteria cell wall and will solubilize toxins in abscesses and rashes. A famous folk use of Chickweed is • Flavonoids & polysaccharides exhibit an old wive’s remedy for weight loss diverse antiviral activities and have (probably due to its diuretic action), demonstrated potential anti-HBV activity in and its fresh tops are delicious boiled vitro. or as a greens in salad. It’s name • Polysaccharides have demonstrated comes from the old custom of using hepatoprotective activity, reducing serum the seeds as bird feed. levels of transaminases (ALT & AST), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and decreasing S LQÀDPPDWLRQZLWKLQWKHOLYHU • A novel antiviral protein (stellarmedin A) has shown inhibition of HSV-2 replication in vitro and is able to inhibit the proliferation of promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 and colon carcinoma cells cells. Pharmacy: • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXS7,' • Tincture: (1:5, 40%), 2-10 ml TID. 200 ml weekly max. • Best used fresh as a topical poultice, lotion, ointment or bath Monographs 323 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 6\PSK\WXPRI¿FLQDOLV &RPIUH\.QLWERQH P Root & Leaves Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (mainly root) C Mucilage Allantoin Astringent Connective tissue tonic (cell A proliferant) Demulcent, Emollient & Vulnerary Topical: “knits connective tissues back together” in damage to skin, I bones & joints etc. Internal: GIT & bronchial irritations F Boraginaceae • Expectorant • Demulcent. Emollient & Vulnerary Constituents: • Hemostatic • Alkaloids (pyrrolizidine or PAs) (mainly root) • Mucilage Medicinal uses: • Tannins • Internal use is indicated in the treatment of • Phytosterols (sitosterols & stigmasterol) GLDUUKHDG\VHQWHU\DQGLQÀDPPDWLRQRI S the GIT, which respond to the demulcent, • Steroidal saponins vulnerary, astringent, anti-hemorrhagic, and • Phenolic acids (caffeic, rosmarinic & DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\SURSHUWLHVRIWKHSODQW chlorogenic) • The astringent action reduces hemorrhage • Allantoin (mainly root) associated with uclers & colitis and excessive mucous from bronchial irritation • Chlorophyll, Ca, K+, Ph, Si & other trace and irritated coughs. minerals, vitamins A & C • External use is well indicated for a variety Medicinal Actions: of conditions such as sore muscles, bone • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ fractures, sprains, ligament tears and any • Anti-rheumatic GDPDJHWRDFKLQJMRLQWV. • Astringent • Is known to help “knit connective tissues • Connective tissue tonic (cell proliferant) back together”. 324 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 6\PSK\WXPRI¿FLQDOLV &RPIUH\.QLWERQH • Note: Comfrey root is much higher in PAs the echimidine alkaloid found primarily than the leaf, though long-term internal use in the root. Toxicity reports are based on of either should be cautioned for treatment of isolated compounds, not on the whole plant any condition. usage. The plant has centuries of use with EHQH¿FLDOUHVXOWV Pharmacology: • Allantoin promotes wound healing through Contraindications: FHOOSUROLIHUDWLRQDQGLVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Liver disease, pregnancy & lactation, or • Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are hepatotoxic and in infants. carcinogenic and limit long-term internal use. • Use on dirty skin or deep wounds (surface • 3KHQROLFDFLGVDUHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ may heal too fast trapping dirt and pus). • Silicic acid helps preserve elasticity of Interactions: Theoretical interaction with anti- connective tissue, controls Ca+ absorption ELRWLFVÀXFRQD]ROHÀXR[HWLQHDQWLFKROHVWHURO and is needed for bone and cartilage medications, and steroids as they compete formation. with liver enzyme required to neutralize toxic compounds. References: 1. $UD~MR/HWDO,QYLYRZRXQGKHDOLQJHIIHFWVRI6\PSK\WXPRI¿FLQDOH/OHDYHV NOTE: Young leaves & smaller roots have H[WUDFWLQGLIIHUHQWWRSLFDOIRUPXODWLRQV3KDUPD]LH$SU highest PA content. 2. Barna, M. et al. Randomized double-blind study: wound-healing effects of a Symphytum herb extract cream (Symphytum×uplandicum Nyman) in children. Arzneimittelforschung. 2012 Jun;62(6):285-9. 3. Couet, C. et al. Analysis, separation, and bioassay of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from FRPIUH\ 6\PSK\WXPRI¿FLQDOH 1DW7R[LQV 4. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Pharmacy: Post, 2004. 5. Frost, R. et al. The external use of comfrey: a practitioner survey. Complement • ,QIXVLRQ OHDYHV JFXS7,' 7KHU&OLQ3UDFW1RY 6. Mei, N. et al. Metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of comfrey. J Toxicol (QYLURQ+HDOWK%&ULW5HY2FW • 'HFRFWLRQ URRW JFXS7,' 0HL1HWDO0XWDJHQLFLW\RIFRPIUH\ 6\PSK\WXP2I¿FLQDOH LQUDWOLYHU%U- &DQFHU0DU • Tincture: (1:5, 25%), 2-4 ml TID. 80 ml 8. Savic, V. et al. Comparative Study of the Biological Activity of Allantoin and Aqueous Extract of the Comfrey Root. Phytother Res. 2015 Apr 16. weekly max. 9. Yeong, M. et al. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with comfrey inges- tion. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1990 Mar-Apr;5(2):211-4. • Topical: Ointment, Cream, Lotion, Fomentation, Compresses, Poultices, Washes & Baths. S • Note: Short-term internal dosing (2-3 weeks on and 2-3 weeks off – repeat as needed). If using for longer than 2 months test liver enzymes and question whether this is the best herb to use. Toxicity: • Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been shown to cause veno-occlusive disease of the liver (one documented human case and in rats) when taken internally. • Note: The current debate about whether to use Symphytum internally is due to concern RYHUWKHS\UUROL]LGLQHDONDORLGVVSHFL¿FDOO\ Monographs 325 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 7DUD[DFXPRI¿FLQDOLV 'DQGHOLRQ P Root & Leaves Sesquiterpene lactones C Polysaccharides (inulin) Vitamins & Minerals (K+) Leaf: Bitter, Diuretic (K+ sparing), A Nutritive Root: Alterative & Hepatic Leaf: Hypertension & Edema I 5RRW +HSDWRELOLDU\LQVXI¿FLHQF\ LQÀDPPDWRU\OLYHUFRPSODLQWV F Asteraceae rheumatic, Bitter, Hepatic (choleretic & cholagogue), Immuno-modulator, Laxative & Constituents: Nutritive • Sesquiterpene lactones or Bitter principle (taraxacin & taraxacerin) Medicinal uses: • Triterpene steroids (sitosterin, taraxasterol, • The leaves are a potassium sparing diuretic, stigmasterin & phytosterin) that are not over-stimulating to the kidneys, • Phenolic acids useful in edema & hypertension. • Flavonoids • The root is stimulating to the digestive T • Mucilage system, most notably the liver, and is indicated in any condition of liver and/ • Polysaccharides (inulin & pectin) RUJDOOEODGGHULQÁDPPDWLRQand stasis • Vitamins (especially carotenoids) including cholelithiasis, metabolic toxicity, and jaundice. • Minerals, iron, potassium, silicon, magnesium, zinc & manganese • Is a wonderful alterative for nearly all chronic WR[LFRULQÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQVPDQLIHVWLQJ within the body such as as eczema, acne, Medicinal Actions: arthritis, chronic gastritis and enteritis. • /HDI $OWHUDWLYH$QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\%LWWHU Diuretic (K+ sparing), Hepatic & Nutritive • 5RRW $OWHUDWLYH$QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\$QWL 326 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 7DUD[DFXPRI¿FLQDOLV 'DQGHOLRQ Pharmacology: Contraindications: • Sesquiterpene lactones (also referred to as • Avoid in known allergy to Asteraceae family. WDUD[DFLQ DUHDIRUPRIÀDYRQRLGWKDWFUHDWH • 8VHFDXWLRQLQZHDNRULQÀDPHGGLJHVWLYH an osmotic diuretic effect and are unique to organs as it may cause dyspepsia, the plant (mostly in leaf). They also contribute ÀDWXOHQFHSDLQDQGGLDUUKHD to the bitter compounds that help stimulate digestive secretions & peristalsis, and may • 8VHFDXWLRQLQELOLDU\REVWUXFWLRQ help improve fat (including cholesterol) LQÀDPPDWLRQJDOOVWRQHVUHQDOGLVRUGHUV metabolism in the liver. (may increase potassium & alter electrolytes). • Polysaccharides & Inulin (mostly in root) activates complement, thus contributing to Interactions: WKHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ LPPXQHHQKDQFLQJ • May antagonize antacids and quinolones properties (extracts induce nitric oxide HJFLSURÀR[DFLQ synthase in macrophages) • May have additive effects with diuretics, • Triterpenoid (taraxasterol) has exhibited anti-platelet agents, anti-diabetic agents, powerful inhibitory effect on Herpes Simplex, steroids and supplemental potassium. Epstein-Barr early antigen and experimental References: mammary tumours. 1. Blumenthal, M., Goldberg, A., Brinckmann, J., editors. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Austin, TX: American Botanical Council; Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000. 2. Choi, U. et al. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of dandelion (Taraxacum RI¿FLQDOH URRWDQGOHDIRQFKROHVWHUROIHGUDEELWV,QW-0RO6FL-DQ Pharmacy: 3. Clare, B. et al. The diuretic effect in human subjects of an extract of • 'HFRFWLRQ URRW JGD\ 7DUD[DFXPRI¿FLQDOHIROLXPRYHUDVLQJOHGD\-$OWHUQ&RPSOHPHQW0HG Aug;15(8):929-34. 4. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading • ,QIXVLRQ OHDI JGD\ Post, 2004. 5. Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional’s Handbook of Complementary Medicines. • -XLFHRIWKHSXUHHGOHDYHV XSWRPOGD\ 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. 6. *RQ]iOH]&DVWHMyQ0HWDO'LYHUVHELRORJLFDODFWLYLWLHVRIGDQGHOLRQ1XWU5HY 6HS • 7LQFWXUH RIURRWDQGRUOHDI Shutz, K et al. Taraxacum: a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological SUR¿OH-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO ml TID. 100 ml weekly max. 8. Sucich, MI, Sanoski CA. Herbal Notes: Complementary & Alternative Medicine Pocket Guide. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Company; 2011. • Dried herb: 4-10 g TID 9. Williams, C. et al. Flavonoids, cinnamic acids and coumarins from the different WLVVXHVDQGPHGLFLQDOSUHSDUDWLRQVRI7DUD[DFXPRI¿FLQDOH3K\WRFKHPLVWU\ • As food or coffee substitute 0D\ T Toxicity: Generally a very safe herb, however case reports of allergic reactions and ana- phylaxis to ingested bee pollen containing dandelion pollen exist. Monographs 327 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 7LOLDHXURSHD /LQGHQRU/LPHÀRZHU P Flowering Tips Flavonoids C Phenolic acids Volatile oils Antispasmodic & Carminative A Hypotensive Nervine Sedative Tension headaches & hypertension I $Q[LHW\ZLWKKHDUWSDOSLWDWLRQVDQGRU dyspepsia F Tiliaceae • Diaphoretic • Diuretic • Expectorant • Hypotensive Constituents: • Immuno-modulator • Flavonoids (Tiliroside: kaempferol & • Nervine Tonic & Sedative quercetin glycosides) • Phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic & T coumaric) Medicinal uses: • Volatile oils (farnesol, eugenol, citronellal, • As a nervine is indicated in nervous tension citronellol, limonene, pinene) & dyspepsia, anxiety, headaches, and • Mucilage (arabino-galactans) heart palpitations. • Tannins • Is hypotensive (although rarely strong enough on its own to reduce blood pressure) and will reduce hypertension when Medicinal Actions: associated with arteriosclerosis and nervous tension. • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Is also a notable diaphoretic often used in • Antispasmodic & Carminative FROGVDQGÀX 328 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 7LOLDHXURSHD /LQGHQRU/LPHÀRZHU Pharmacology: Contraindications: Use caution in cardiac • Volatile oils are diuretic, sedative and disorders (theoretical) antispasmodic • Flavonoids are antispasmodic and Interactions: diaphoretic. Tiliroside appears to be primarily • Tea may inhibit iron absorption when taken responsible for anxiolytic and hypnotic with food or supplements, however tincture effects upon the central nervous system via mildly promotes iron absorption. interactions with the serotonergic system. References: • Coumaric acid is antispasmodic and 1. &ROHWD0HWDO&RPSDUDWLYHHYDOXDWLRQRI0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV/7LOLDHXURSDHD /3DVVLÀRUDHGXOLV6LPVDQG+\SHULFXPSHUIRUDWXP/LQWKHHOHYDWHGSOXV diaphoretic maze anxiety test. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2001 Jul;34 Suppl 1:S20-1. 2. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. 3. Herrera-Ruiz, M. et al. Flavonoids from Tilia americana with anxiolytic activity in SOXVPD]HWHVW(WKQRSKDUPDFRO-XO Pharmacy: 4. 1RJXHUyQ0HULQR0HWDO,QWHUDFWLRQVRIDVWDQGDUGL]HGÀDYRQRLGIUDFWLRQIURP Tilia americana with Serotoninergic drugs in elevated plus maze. J Ethnophar- • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXS7,' PDFRO$SU 5. Sarris, J. et al. Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, Part 1: a review of SUHFOLQLFDOVWXGLHV&16'UXJV0DU • Tincture: (1:5, 25%), 2-4 ml TID. 80 ml 6. Viola, H. et al. Isolation of pharmacologically active benzodiazepine receptor OLJDQGVIURP7LOLDWRPHQWRVD 7LOLDFHDH -(WKQRSKDUPDFRO $XJ weekly max. 53. • 'ULHGÀRZHUV J7,' Toxicity: • Long-term high dosing may have cardio-toxic effects. • Allergic sensitivity in some individuals. T Monographs 329 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 7KXMDRFFLGHQWDOLV $UERUYLWDH P Twigs & Leaves Volatile Oil (thujone) C Oleo-resin Flavonoids Antineoplastic A Antimicrobial Anti-rheumatic Topical for warts, viral & fungal I infections Rheumatic complaints F Cupressaceae Constituents: • Volatile oil (thujone, sabinene, fenchone) & Medicinal uses: diterpenoids (beyerene & rimuene) • Traditionally used in folk medicine for the • )ODYRQRLGV TXHUFLWLQ DPHQWRÀDYRQH treatment of rheumatism, amenorrhea, cystitis, and uterine carcinomas. • Mucilage & Polysaccharides • Considered a valuable anti-cancer agent • Glycoproteins which will stimulate cell-mediated immunity • Oleo-resin DQGGHFUHDVHSURLQÀDPPDWRU\F\WRNLQHV • Tannins thereby inhibiting metastasis of tumor cells. • Bitter principle (pinipicrin) • As a diuretic will help treat acute cystitis, BPH, and bed-wetting in children. T • Is used as a steam inhalation for polyps, Medicinal Actions: respiratory tract infections and bronchitis, as • Astringent an effective lung decongestant. • Antimicrocial (Anti-fungal & Antiviral) • Used topically for warts, fungal & viral skin infections, herpes, scabies & lice, and • Anti-neoplastic (Cytotoxic) as a douche for leucorrhoea. • Diuretic • External applications are also used for pain • Emmenagogue (Abortifacient) LQWKHPXVFOHV MRLQWV(e.g. arthritis) to • Expectorant (stimulating) improve local blood supply easing pain and stiffness. • Nervine stimulant • Rubefacient 330 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 7KXMDRFFLGHQWDOLV $UERUYLWDH Pharmacology: Contraindications: • 9RODWLOHRLOV LQFOXGLQJWKXMRQH are anti- • Pregnancy & lactation LQÀDPPDWRU\DQWLPLFURELDO F\WRWR[LF,Q • Use caution with seizure disorders high doses is toxic to the nervous system and an abortifacient. Low doses are anti-fungal, • In high doses & long-term use anti-microbial, emmenagogue and immuno- Interactions: stimulant. • Use caution with additive effects if combined • Anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing with other thujone-containing herbs. properties may be due to enhanced the NK References cell activity and diterpenoids which induce 1. Biswas, R. et al. Thujone-Rich Fraction of Thuja occidentalis Demonstrates 0DMRU$QWL&DQFHU3RWHQWLDOV (YLGHQFHVIURP,Q9LWUR6WXGLHVRQ$&HOOV IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, & gamma interferon. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:568148. 2. Cabrera, C. BINM Lecture notes: Matera Medica for Managing Cancer, • Polysaccharides are immuno-modulating Cytotoxic Herbs, 2010. 3. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. • Has demonstrated an ability to increase 4. Joseph, R. et al. Successful treatment of verruca vulgaris with Thuja occidentalis estradiol and progesterone levels decreasing in a renal allograft recipient. Indian J Nephrol. 2013 Sep;23(5):362-4. 5. .XSHOL$NNRO(HWDO7KXMDRFFLGHQWDOLV/DQGLWVDFWLYHFRPSRXQGĮWKXMRQH while luteinizing hormone (LH) and Promising effects in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome without inducing RVWHRSRURVLV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO0DU testosterone levels decreased in vivo. 6. Mukherjee, A. et al. Flavonol isolated from ethanolic leaf extract of Thuja occi- dentalis arrests the cell cycle at G2-M and induces ROS-independent apoptosis LQ$ FHOOVWDUJHWLQJQXFOHDU'1$&HOO3UROLI)HE • Flavonoids have been found to cause G2-M Ojeswi, B. et al. Protective effect of Thuja occidentalis against DMBA-induced phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on breast cancer with reference to oxidative stress. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010 0D\ non-small cell lung carcinoma and mammary 8. Rajatrashmi, S. et al. Pharmacognostic Studies of Thuja Occidentalis Linn. - A Good remedy for warts & tumours, used in Homeopathy. Anc Sci Life. 1999 carcinogensis in vivo. Jul;19(1-2):52-8. 9. Sunila, E. et al. Effect of Thuja occidentalis and its polysaccharide on cell- mediated immune responses and cytokine levels of metastatic tumor-bearing DQLPDOV3KDUP%LRO2FW 10. Sunila, E. et al. A preliminary study on antimetastatic activity of Thuja occidenta- Pharmacy: lis L. in mice model. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2006;28(2):269-80. • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSLQIXVHPLQ7,' • Tincture: (1:5, 90%), 1-3 ml TID. 60 ml weekly max. • Pulse Dosing Required: One month on, one month off • Topical uses. Toxicity: T • Volatile oil contains thujone which is a neurotoxic compound. Use with caution. • May cause gastroenteritis, headaches, paralysis, decreased coordination, & hallucinations (reversible). Monographs 331 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 7K\PXVYXOJDULV 7K\PH P Aerial Volatile oil (thymol & carvacrol) C Tannins Flavonoids Antimicrobial A Antispasmodic & Carminative Expectorant Dyspepsia I ,QIHFWLRXVLQÀDPPDWRU\ VSDVPRGLF GIT, genitourinary & lung complaints F Lamiaceae Medicinal uses: • Primary uses are based on antiseptic & anti-bacterial actions combined with the expectorant and spasmolytic effects within the respiratory, urinary & gastrointestinal Constituents: tracts. • Volatile oil (thymol, carvacrol, geraniol, • Has been used traditionally in the treatment borneol, linalool, rosmarinic & cineol) of bronchitis, asthma and other respiratory • Tannins diseases. T • Resin & Gums • For the urinary system, is a stimulating • Flavonoids diuretic useful in for cystitis, urethritis and as a general urinary antiseptic. • For the gastrointestinal system is indicated Medicinal Actions: LQG\VSHSVLDJDVWULWLVÀDWXOHQFHDQGIRU • Anthelmintic expelling worms and parasites. • Antimicrobial • Antispasmodic & Carminative Pharmacology: • Astringent • VO (carvacrol & thymol) increases mucus secretion of the membranes in the lungs • Expectorant and a relaxant effect on smooth muscle 332 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 7K\PXVYXOJDULV 7K\PH (especially of lungs & digestive tract). Are References: 1. Azaz, A. et al. Composition and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essen- also strongly disinfectant and analgesic. WLDORLOVRIVRPH7K\PXVVSHFLHV=1DWXUIRUVFK&-DQ)HE 2. Boskabady, M. et al. Relaxant effect of Thymus vulgaris on guinea-pig tracheal Carvacrol & thymol also contribute to a chains and its possible mechanism(s). Phytother Res. 2006 Jan;20(1):28-33. JHQHUDOUHGXFWLRQRILQÀDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVHV 3. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. 4. *KROLMDQL1HWDO0RGXODWRU\HIIHFWVRIWK\PRODQGFDUYDFURORQLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Antibacterial activity has been demonstrated transcription factors in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. J Immunotoxi- FRO0DU against several strains of Gram-positive & 5. .HPPHULFK%(YDOXDWLRQRIHI¿FDF\DQGWROHUDELOLW\RID¿[HGFRPELQDWLRQ of dry extracts of thyme herb and primrose root in adults suffering from acute Gram-negative bacteria including S. aureus bronchitis with productive cough. A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled & E. Coli as well as having anti-fungal PXOWLFHQWUHFOLQLFDOWULDO$U]QHLPLWWHOIRUVFKXQJ 6. Koch, C. et al. Inhibitory effect of essential oils against herpes simplex virus type effects against Candida, and anti-viral effects 3K\WRPHGLFLQH-DQ Rajkowska, K. et al. The effect of thyme and tea tree oils on morphology and against HSV-2. metabolism of Candida albicans. Acta Biochim Pol. 2014;61(2):305-10. 8. Schmidt, E. et al. Chemical composition, olfactory analysis and antibacterial • Rosmarinic acid has been shown to inhibit DFWLYLW\RI7K\PXVYXOJDULVFKHPRW\SHVJHUDQLROWKXMDQROWHUSLQHQRO thymol and linalool cultivated in southern France. Nat Prod Commun. 2012 oxidation of LDL and scavenge hydroxyl $XJ 9. 9LJR(HWDO,QYLWURDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWRI(XFDO\SWXVJOREXOXVDQG radicals. 7K\PXVYXOJDULV QLWULFR[LGHLQKLELWLRQLQ-$PXULQHPDFURSKDJHV- 3KDUP3KDUPDFRO)HE • Note: Many constituents work synergistically to provide its anti-tussive, antispasmodic, and expectorant actions. Pharmacy: In TCM, Thyme is considered acrid, slightly bitter, and slightly • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSZDWHU7,' cold, and enters lung, stomach and • Tincture: (1:5, 45%), 2-5 ml TID. 100 ml liver channels. One of the many weekly max. advantages of using Thyme is that most people are familiar with the • Topical use of essential oil must be diluted WDVWHDOUHDG\DQG¿QGLWTXLWHWDVW\ Toxicity: • Topical use may cause dermatitis and mucous membrane irritation. • Internal use of essential oil may cause headache, vomiting, painful diarrhea, tinnitus, kidney damage, dizziness, convulsions, T respiratory paralysis and death. Contraindications: • Pregnancy (above culinary amounts) • Internal use of essential oil • Use caution hypothyroid and acute renal, GIT RU*,7LQÀDPPDWLRQ Interactions: None known. Monographs 333 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 7ULIROLXPSUDWHQVH 5HG&ORYHU P Flowerheads ,VRÀDYRQHV IRUPRQRQHWLQ C Coumarins Minerals Alterative A Nutritive Phytoestrogenic ,QÀDPPDWRU\OLYHU VNLQFRQGLWLRQV I Menstrual & menopausal complaints F Fabaceae • Nutritive • Phytoestrogenic Constituents: Medicinal uses: • ,VRÀDYRQHV ELRFKDQLQJHQLVWHLQGDLG]HLQ • Traditionally used as a blood cleanser, galactoside & formononetin) expectorant, analgesic, antiseptic properties • Flavonoids (quercitin & kaempferol) and to treat rheumatic aches. • Phenolic glycosides • Is useful for any chronic condition of toxicity • Coumarins & HQKDQFHVWKHGHWR[LÀFDWLRQIXQFWLRQVRI the liver and especially in the treatment of T • Cyanogenic glycosides chronic skin conditions such as recurrent • VO boils or acne, eczema, and psoriasis. • Minerals • Exerts some of the strongest phytoestrogenic effects among medicinal plants and is Medicinal Actions: incredibly valuable for menopausal women • Alterative because of phytoestrogenic effects and • Antispasmodic mineral content, which may improve bone & cardiovascular health. • Anti-tumorigenic • As a lymphatic and anti-tumorigenic is used • Hepatic as a part of anti-cancer treatments both • Nervine sedative topically and internally. 334 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 7ULIROLXPSUDWHQVH 5HG&ORYHU Pharmacology: Pharmacy: • ,VRÁDYRQH IRUPRQRQHWLQ can be • ,QIXVLRQ JFXSZDWHU7,' converted to daidzein, which in turn can be • Tincture: (1:5, 40%), 2-5 ml TID. 100 ml PHWDEROL]HGWRHTXROE\ERZHOÀRUD(TXRO weekly max. KDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\PRUHHVWURJHQLFDFWLYLW\WKDQ its precursors, yet is produced to different • Topical applications levels in different people. Toxicity: No adverse effects expected within • ,VRÁDYRQHPHWDEROLWHV HTXROLVRHTXRO recommended doses. have powerful potential to reduce Contraindications: Use caution in estrogen LQÀDPPDWRU\HGHPDDQGVXSSUHVVFRQWDFW dependent cancers (theoretical) hypersensitivity induced by UV radiation. Interactions: Theoretical interaction of high • ,VRÁDYRQHV ELRFKDQLQJHQLVWHLQ doses with anti-platelet agents, hormone galactoside) have mild estrogenic effects replacement therapy and oral contraceptives. DQGFDQLPSURYHEORRGOLSLGSUR¿OHV References: decreasing total cholesterol, LDL & LpA 1. &KHGUDXL3HWDO(IIHFWRI7ULIROLXPSUDWHQVHGHULYHGLVRÀDYRQHVRQWKHOLSLG SUR¿OHRISRVWPHQRSDXVDOZRPHQZLWKLQFUHDVHGERG\PDVVLQGH[*\QHFRO levels. Endocrinol. 2008 Nov;24(11):620-4. 2. &LUFRVWD&HWDO(IIHFWVRILVRÀDYRQHVIURPUHGFORYHU 7ULIROLXPSUDWHQVH • ,VRÀDYRQHVKDYHVKRZQDQDELOLW\WRLQFUHDVH on skin changes induced by ovariectomy in rats. Phytother Res. 2006 Dec;20(12):1096-9. bone mineral content & mechanical strength 3. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. while preventing the rise of serum alkaline 4. Kolodziejczyk-Czepas, J. Trifolium species-derived substances and extracts- phosphatase levels and osteoclast activity. -biological activity and prospects for medicinal applications. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Aug 30;143(1):14-23. Are also effective in reducing skin aging 5. Kolodziejczyk-Czepas, J. et al. Free radical scavenging actions of three Trifolium species in the protection of blood plasma antioxidant capacity in vitro. induced by estrogen deprivation. Pharm Biol. 2015 Apr 9:1-8. 6. /LSRYDF0HWDO7KHHIIHFWRIUHGFORYHULVRÀDYRQHVXSSOHPHQWDWLRQRYHU vasomotor and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. Gynecol • Biochanin may inhibit aromatase activity, and (QGRFULQRO0DU 2FFKLXWR)HWDO(IIHFWVRISK\WRHVWURJHQLFLVRÀDYRQHVIURPUHGFORYHU thus inhibit the biosynthesis of estrogens. 7ULIROLXPSUDWHQVH/ RQH[SHULPHQWDORVWHRSRURVLV3K\WRWKHU5HV Feb;21(2):130-4. • *HQLVWHLQDQGRWKHUÁDYRQRLGV(quercetin 8. 3RZOHV7HWDO5HGFORYHULVRÀDYRQHVDUHVDIHDQGZHOOWROHUDWHGLQZRPHQ with a family history of breast cancer. Menopause Int. 2008 Mar;14(1):6-12. and kaempferol) have strong antioxidant 9. Sabudak, T. et al. Trifolium L.--a review on its phytochemical and pharmacologi- FDOSUR¿OH3K\WRWKHU5HV 0DU effects and have been shown to be 10. :LG\DULQL6HWDO,VRÀDYRQRLGFRPSRXQGVIURPUHGFORYHU 7ULIROLXPSUDWHQVH antiproliferative towards breast cancer cells. SURWHFWIURPLQÀDPPDWLRQDQGLPPXQHVXSSUHVVLRQLQGXFHGE\89UDGLDWLRQ 3KRWRFKHP3KRWRELRO6HS • Genistein has demonstrated anti- carcinogenic effects in vitro, possibly due to inhibitory effects on protein tyrosinase kinase T and angiogenesis & improved endothelium dependent vasodilation via an increase of nitric oxide to endothelin. Monographs 335 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 7ULJRQHOODIRHQXPJUDHFXP )HQXJUHHN P Fruit (seed) Mucilage (galactomannan) C Volatile oil Steroidal saponins Carminative & Anti-spasmodic A Demulcent, Emollient & Vulnerary Galactogogue Promote lactiation I Diabetes & dysglycemia ,QÀDPPDWLRQRIPXFRXVPHPEUDQHV F Fabaceae Constituents: • 'HPXOFHQW(PROOLHQW 9XOQHUDU\ • Mucilage (galactomannan) • Emmenagogue • Volatile oil • Expectorant • Alkaloids (trigonelline, gentianine & • Galactogogue carpaine) • Hypoglycemic • Steroidal saponins (diosgenin, yamogenin, • Hypotensive gitogenin & tigogenin) • Phtytoestrogenic • Flavonoids (Apigenin, luteolin and kaempferol itexin, isovitexin, orientin, Medicinal uses: T vicenins, quercetin) • Demonstrates value as a wound healing • Caffeic acid derivatives (hydroxycinnamic DQGDQWLLQÁDPPDWRU\ herb in conditions acids) VXFKDVVNLQZRXQGVERLOVVRUHV¿VWXODV and tumors & can be gargled to ease sore • Nutrients (Vitamin A, B1, C, Ca, Iron) throats. • Proteins and free amino acids (lysine, • Stimulates milk production in mothers, tryptophan, arginine, histadine) for which it is perfectly safe, and has a Medicinal Actions: reputation of stimulating development of the • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ breasts & libido. • Aphrodisiac • Modulates changes in blood sugar levels for insulin-dependent diabetics as well as • Carminative & Anti-spasmodic improved glucose tolerance and improved 336 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 7ULJRQHOODIRHQXPJUDHFXP )HQXJUHHN VHUXPOLSLGSUR¿OHVZKLOHSRWHQWLDWLQJWKH Interactions: secretion of insulin. • Potential additive effects with hypoglycemic Pharmacology: agents (e.g. insulin) • MucilageFRDWVPXFRVDDQG¿EHUSUHYHQWV • May interfere with the absorption of various rises in cholesterol levels supplements & medications (e.g. MAOIs, • Steroidal saponins (Diosgenin) exert anti-coagulants) when taken simultaneously. hormone modulating effects References: • Amino acid 4-hydroxyisolucine has a direct 1. Abdel-Daim, M. et al. Trigonella foenum-graecum ameliorates acrylamide- LQGXFHGWR[LFLW\LQUDWV 5ROHVRIR[LGDWLYHVWUHVVSURLQÀDPPDWRU\F\WRNLQHV action on pancreatic beta-cells, which initiate DQG'1$GDPDJH%LRFKHP&HOO%LRO'HF 2. Bahmani, M. et al. A Review on Ethnobotanical and Therapeutic Uses of insulin secretion. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L). J Evid Based Complementary Altern 0HG$SU • Alkaloids (trigonelline) exert hypoglycemic 3. %HQD\DG=HWDO&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRIÀDYRQRLGJO\FRVLGHVIURPIHQXJUHHN 7ULJRQHOODIRHQXPJUDHFXP FUXGHVHHGVE\+3/&'$'(6,06DQDO\VLV,QW- effects. Mol Sci. 2014 Nov 11;15(11):20668-85. 4. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Pharmacy: Post, 2004. 5. Khursheed, R. et al. Antidepressant effect and categorization of inhibitory activity of monoamine oxidase type A and B of ethanolic extract of seeds of • &ROGLQIXVLRQ JFXSZDWHUOHWVWDQG 7ULJRQHOODIRHQXPJUDHFXP/LQQ3DN-3KDUP6FL6HS 6. 5DR$HWDO,QÀXHQFHRID6SHFLDOL]HG7ULJRQHOODIRHQXPJUDHFXP6HHG hours, TID Extract (Libifem), on Testosterone, Estradiol and Sexual Function in Healthy Menstruating Women, a Randomised Placebo Controlled Study. Phytother • 'HFRFWLRQ FUXVKHGVHHGVWVSFXS Res. 2015 Apr 24. Robert, S. et al. Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds lowers postprandial blood simmer 20 minutes, drink freely JOXFRVHLQRYHUZHLJKWDQGREHVHLQGLYLGXDOV-1XWU0HWDE 8. Singh, P. et al. Antioxidant, oxidative DNA damage protective and antimicrobial activities of the plant Trigonella foenum-graecum. J Sci Food Agric. 2014 • Tincture: (1:5, 25%), 2-5 ml TID. 100 ml 6HS weekly max. 9. 6ZDURRS$HWDO6DIHW\HI¿FDF\DQGWR[LFRORJLFDOHYDOXDWLRQRIDQRYHO patented anti-diabetic extract of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum seed extract )HQIXUR 7R[LFRO0HFK0HWKRGV2FW • Crushed seed: 1-6 g TID 10. Tiran, D. The use of fenugreek for breast feeding women. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery. 2003 Aug;9(3):155-6. 11. Yadav, U. et al. Pharmacological effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in Toxicity: health and disease. Pharm Biol. 2014 Feb;52(2):243-54. • Large doses may produce mild digestive XSVHW GLDUUKHD ÀDWXOHQFH • Urine odor may smell of maple syrup and body odour may be curry-like. • Topical use may cause dermatitis. Contraindications: T • Use caution in anemia (may reduce iron absorption) and avoid high doses in hypothyroidism. Monographs 337 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 7XUQHUDGLIIXVD 'DPLDQD P Leaves Volatile oil C Flavonoids Hydroquinones (Arbutin) Aphrodisiac A Nervous system trophorestorative Nervine Tonic & Relaxant 6WUHVVDQ[LHW\DQGRUGHSUHVVLYH states I Low libido & impotence PMS (e.g. acne, headaches etc.) F Turneraceae Medicinal uses: • An excellent nerve tonic especially in anxiety DQGRUGHSUHVVLRQVWUHVVDQGDORZHUHG Constituents: sexual drive. It has a long and wide-spread • Volatile oil (cineole, pinene, and thymol) use as an aphrodisiac and is most indicated • Flavonoids (Apigenin & pinocembrin) in cases of anxiety or depression that have impotence or low sexual desire as a main • Resin manifestation. • Tannins • Can be effective treatment for hormonal T • Starch (6%) imbalance manifesting as premenstrual acne, dysmenorrhea, and headache. • Bitter compound (damianian) • Is useful in some cases of chronic cystic • Hydroquinones (Arbutin) and renal catarrh by relieving irritation of the • Alkaloids urinary mucous membranes. Medicinal Actions: Pharmacology: • Antimicrobial • Flavonoids (apigenin) has demonstrated • Aphrodisiac mild sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic, and DSKURGLVLDFDFWLYLW\DQGDFWDVQRQVSHFL¿F • Nervous system trophorestorative inhibitors of nitric oxide pathways. • Nervine Tonic & Relaxant • Flavonoids arbutin & apigenin have demonstrated cytotoxic effect on cancer 338 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 7XUQHUDGLIIXVD 'DPLDQD cells and may be gastroprotective through Interactions: inhibition of lipid peroxidation inhibitory, • Potential additive effects with anti- immuno-modulatory and anti-oxidant hyperglycemics and endocrine agents. mechanisms including modulation of IL-6, ,/DQG71)Į • May interfere with the absorption of various supplements & medications when taken • VO are smooth muscle relaxants and are simultaneously. possibly responsible for aphrodisiac effects by irritating urethral mucous membrane. References: 1. $UOHWWL5HWDO6WLPXODWLQJSURSHUW\RI7XUQHUDGLIIXVDDQG3IDI¿DSDQLFXODWD extracts on the sexual-behavior of male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 • Through unknown mechanism may bind to Mar;143(1):15-9. 2. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading progesterone receptors. Post, 2004. 3. Estrada-Reyes, R. et al. Turnera diffusa Wild (Turneraceae) recovers • Alkaloids possibly responsible for sexual behavior in sexually exhausted males. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Jun 25;123(3):423-9. testosterogenic effects. 4. Estrada-Reyes, R. et al. Pro-sexual effects of Turnera diffusa Wild (Turnera- ceae) in male rats involves the nitric oxide pathway.J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 0DU • Phytostrogenic activity of apigenin & 5. Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional’s Handbook of Complementary Medicines. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. pinocembrin have been observed with 6. Kumar, S. et al. Pharmacological evaluation of Bioactive Principle of Turnera SRWHQWLDOWRVLJQL¿FDQWO\VXSSUHVVDURPDWDVH DSKURGLVLDFD,QGLDQ-3KDUP6FL1RY Kumar,S. et al. Anti-anxiety activity studies of various extracts of Turnera activity. aphrodisiaca Ward. J Herb Pharmacother. 2005;5(4):13-21. 8. Kumar, S. et al. Estimation of Apigenin, an Anxiolytic Constituent, in Turnera DSKURGLVLDFD,QGLDQ-3KDUP6FL1RY Pharmacy: 9. Piacente, S. et al. Flavonoids and arbutin from Turnera diffusa. Z Naturforsch C. 1RY'HF • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSZDWHU7,' 10. Sucich, MI, Sanoski CA. Herbal Notes: Complementary & Alternative Medicine Pocket Guide. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Company; 2011. 11. Szewczyk, K. et al. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus • Tincture: (1:5, 60%), 1-2 ml TID. 40 ml 7XUQHUD 3DVVLÀRUDFHDH ZLWKDIRFXVRQGDPLDQD7XUQHUDGLIIXVD-(WKQR- pharmacol. 2014 Mar 28;152(3):424-43. weekly max. 12. =KDR-HWDO3K\WRFKHPLFDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQRI7XUQHUDGLIIXVD-1DW3URG )HE Toxicity: 13. Zhao, J. et al. Anti-aromatase activity of the constituents from damiana (Turnera GLIIXVD -(WKQRSKDUPDFRO'HF • In high doses may cause GIT disturbance, headache, insomnia, hallucinations, and urethral irritation. One report exists of inducing tetanus-like convulsions. Contraindications: • Pregnancy & lactation (above culinary amounts) • Use caution in acute renal or bladder T irritation, hormone-sensitive condition, psychiatric or mood disorder, and in situations where CNS impairment could pose a danger. Monographs 339 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 7XVVLODJRIDUIDUD &ROWVIRRW P Aerial Mucilage C Tannins Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Anti-catarrhal A Expectorant Demulcent Chronic & spasmodic cough (e.g. I asthma, bronchitis, emphysema & whooping cough) F Asteraceae Medicinal Actions: • Anti-catarrhal • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Expectorant • Demulcent Constituents: • Flavonoids (kaempferol, rutin, hyperoside & Medicinal uses: isoquercetin) • Has traditionally been used in the treatment • Sesquiterpene (tussilagone) T of respiratory disorders such as bronchitis, • Phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic, gallic, tuberculosis, and asthma due to potent anti- and ferulic) LQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWV • Mucilage & Polysaccharides (inulin) • As a diffuse expectorant and demulcent is most useful in debilitated and chronic • Phytosterols (beta-sitosterol & stigmasterol) cough conditions such as emphysema & • Pyrrolizidine alkaloids silicosis, and in spasmodic coughs, such as • Tannins that of asthma, chronic or acute bronchitis, and whooping cough. • Phytosterols • It combines well with Lobelia and other • Nutrients (Vitamin C & Zinc) lung tonics & antispasmodics, however, its chronic use is limited due to the presence of pyrolizidine alkaloids. 340 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 7XVVLODJRIDUIDUD &ROWVIRRW Pharmacology: Toxicity: • Flavonoids (rutin, quercetin & chlorogenic • Potential hepatotoxicity & veno-occlusive acid) & sesquiterpenoids are closely disease of the liver when taken internally. related to antitussive and expectorant • Large doses may cause hypertension, DFWLYLWLHV+DYHSRWHQWDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ anorexia, lethargy, and GIT upset. and antispasmodic effects by inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism, increasing Contraindications: Internal use in liver dis- glutathione (GSH), and the protein level of ease, pregnancy & lactation, or in infants. gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (gamma- Interactions: Theoretical interaction with anti- GCL), a key enzyme required for GSH hypertensive medications. synthesis. References: • Sesquiterpenes (tussilagone) is a 1. Cao, Y. et al. Safety assessment of food and herbal products containing hepa- totoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids: interlaboratory consistency and the importance of cardiovascular and respiratory stimulant that N-oxide determination. Phytochem Anal. 2008 Nov-Dec;19(6):526-33. 2. Cho, J. et al. Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of the ethyl acetate fraction has shown promise in suppression colon prepared from Tussilago farfara L. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Mar;28(3):455-60. 3. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading cancer cell proliferation, and in the treatment Post, 2004. 4. Haaland, E. Water-soluble polysaccharides from the leaves of Tussilago farfara of neurodegenerative diseases associated /$FWD&KHP6FDQG ZLWKLQÀDPPDWLRQDQGRUR[LGDWLYHVWUHVV 5. +LURQR,HWDO&DUFLQRJHQLFDFWLYLW\RIFROWVIRRW7XVVLODJRIDUIDUDO*DQ )HE Can inhibit the production of nitric oxide 6. +ZDQJER&HWDO7KHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWRIWXVVLODJRQHIURP7XVVLODJR farfara, is mediated by the induction of heme oxygenase-1 in murine macro- (NO), TNF, PGE2, inducible nitric oxide SKDJHV,QW,PPXQRSKDUPDFRO 'HF Kim, M. et al. Antioxidative effects of quercetin-glycosides isolated from the synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 ÀRZHUEXGVRI7XVVLODJRIDUIDUD/)RRG&KHP7R[LFRO$XJ (COX-2) and is thus a valuable compound for 8. /L=HWDO0HWDERORPLFSUR¿OLQJRIWKHDQWLWXVVLYHDQGH[SHFWRUDQWSODQW7XV- PRGXODWLQJLQÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQV silago farfara L. by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multivariate GDWDDQDO\VLV-3KDUP%LRPHG$QDO0DU 9. /LP+HWDO,QYLWURQHXURSURWHFWLYHDFWLYLW\RIVHVTXLWHUSHQRLGVIURPWKHÀRZHU • Mucilage is highly demulcent & anti- EXGVRI7XVVLODJRIDUIDUD-(Q]\PH,QKLE0HG&KHP2FW 10. Sperl, W. et al. Reversible hepatic veno-occlusive disease in an infant after LQÀDPPDWRU\DQGSURPRWHVEURQFKLDO consumption of pyrrolizidine-containing herbal tea. Eur J Pediatr. 1995 Feb;154(2):112-6. secretions while soothing the respiratory 11. Qin, Z. et al. Sesquiterpenoids from Tussilago farfara and their inhibitory effects tract. RQQLWULFR[LGHSURGXFWLRQ3ODQWD0HG-XQ 12. Zhao, J. et al. Antitubercular activity of Arctium lappa and Tussilago farfara H[WUDFWVDQGFRQVWLWXHQWV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO$XJ Pharmacy: • ,QIXVLRQWVSFXSZDWHUFXS7,' • Tincture: (1:5, 25%), 2-5 ml TID. 40 ml weekly max. • Note: Short-term dosing (2-3 weeks on and T 2-3 weeks off – repeat as needed). Monographs 341 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 8OPXVIXOYD 6OLSSHU\(OP P Inner bark Mucilage & Polysaccharides C Nutrients (vitamins & minerals) Demulcent, Emollient & Vulnerary A Laxative (osmotic) Nutritive ,QÀDPPDWLRQRIWKH*,7JHQLWRXULQDU\ I & respiratory tracts Constipation & Diarrhea F Ulmaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • Mucilage & Polysaccharides (rhamnose & • Traditionally used for the treatment of D-galactose) LQÀDPPDWLRQXOFHUVFDQFHUVDQGSDUDVLWHV • Nutrients (vitamins & minerals) • ,VHVSHFLDOO\XVHIXO*,7LQÀDPPDWLRQ HJ • Flavonoids (Catechins, taxifolin, kaempferol gastritis, enteritis, colitis, and diarrhea) & quercetin) • 7KURXJKUHÀH[DFWLRQLWLVDUHVSLUDWRU\ • Coumarin (fraxin) soothing expectorant, especially in spasmodic coughs and as a urinary soothing diuretic. U Medicinal Actions: • Used as a soothing food & nutritive in • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ convalescence. • Antioxidant • Will add bulking and softening effects to the stool in cases of spastic constipation. • Demulcent • Diuretic Pharmacology: • Emollient • Mucilage & Polysaccharides are • Expectorant hypoglycemic, anti-tussive, anti-microbial, • Laxative (osmotic) soothing & protective to mucous membranes PRXWKWKURDW*,7DQGE\UHÀH[DFWLRQ • Nutritive 342 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 8OPXVIXOYD 6OLSSHU\(OP the urinary and respiratory tract). Will also stimulate phagocytosis and have anti- LQÀDPPDWRU\DQGLPPXQRPRGXODWLQJHIIHFWV Slippery elm has long been used as $VDIRUPRIVROXEOH¿EHUKDVJHQWOHEXONLQJ a survival health food. Many pioneer laxative effects and draws out toxins from the families were known to utilize it as a bowels. food when nothing else was available to • Flavonoids have antioxidant and anti- save themselves from starvation. When LQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWVWKURXJKUHGXFHG JURXQGWRD¿QHSRZGHULWFDQPDNHDQ expression of iNOS and COX-2 enzymes. H[FHOOHQWÀRXUH[WHQGHULQDYDULHW\RI recipes and some claim that it has food value equal to that of oatmeal. Pharmacy: • %HVWWDNHQDVFROG,QIXVLRQ JFXSZDWHU infuse overnight; 1 cup TID. • Tincture: (1:5, 25%), 1-4 ml TID. • Dried herb: 2-5g QD. • Gargle, Poultice, Syrup. Toxicity: • Very safe (non-toxic) herb & food. • 0D\FDXVHPLOG*,7GLVWXUEDQFHGXHWR¿EHU Contraindications: None known. Interactions: May interfere with the absorption of drugs & nutrients if taken simultaneously. References: 1. Bate-Smith, E. et al. Flavonoid chemistry and taxonomy in Ulmus. Biochemical 6\VWHPDWLFVDQG(FRORJ\9ROXPH,VVXH6HSWHPEHU 3DJHV 141-146. 2. Beveridge, R. et al. Some structural features of the mucilage from the bark of Ulmus fulva(slippery elm mucilage). Carbohydrate Research, Volume 9, Issue 4, April 1969, Pages 429-439. 3. Beveridge, R. et al. Isolation of three oligosaccharides from the mucilage from the bark of Ulmus fulva (slippery-elm mucilage). Carbohydrate Research, Volume 19, U ,VVXH$XJXVW 3DJHV 4. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. 5. Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional’s Handbook of Complementary Medicines. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. 6. Gill, R. et al. Constitution of the mucilage from the bark of Ulmus fulva (slippery elm mucilage); the sugars formed in the hydrolysis of the methylated mucilage. J Chem Soc. 1946 Nov:1025-9. Hough, L. et al. Chemical constitution of slippery elm mucilage; isolation of 3-methyl d-galactose from the hydrolysis products. Nature. 1950 Jan 8. .ZRQ-HWDO$QWLR[LGDWLYHDQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWVRISKHQROLFFRPSRXQGV from the roots of Ulmus macrocarpa. Arch Pharm Res. 2011 Sep;34(9):1459-66. 9. 6KHUPDQ6HWDO)ROLDUÀDYRQRLGVRI8OPXVLQ(DVWHUQ1RUWK$PHULFD%LRFKHPL- cal Systematics and Ecology, Volume 16, Issue 1, 1988, Pages 51-56. 10. Sucich, MI, Sanoski CA. Herbal Notes: Complementary & Alternative Medicine Pocket Guide. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Company; 2011. Monographs 343 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 8UWLFDGLRLFD 6WLQJLQJ1HWWOH P Leaf, Root & Seed Leaf: Tannins, Acids (formic), Amines (histamine), Vitamins & Minerals C Root: Tannins, CHOs, Coumarins, Phytosterols Alterative (Diuretic) A Anti-rheumatic Nutritive 5KHXPDWLFFRPSODLQWV DUWKULWLVJRXW I Edema & congestive heart disease Root is indicated in BPH F Urticaceae Constituents: • Diuretic • Leaf: Acids (carbonic, caffeic, chlorogenic, • Hemostatic formic, salicylic, silicic, citric, fumaric, malic, • Hypoglycemic oxalic & succinic), Amines (Ach, betaine, choline, lecithin, histamine & serotonin, • Nutritive Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol & rutin, Medicinal uses: Nutrients (Vitamins A, B, C, K+, Ca+, P VLOLFRQ GLHWDU\¿EHU SURWHLQ&KORURSK\OO • 7KHOHDILQFUHDVHVXULQHRXWSXWVLJQL¿FDQWO\ Tannins & Glucoquinones and increases the removal of uric acid while replenishing nutrients & electrolytes, making • Root: Polysaccharides (lectin & lignans, it useful in the treatment of edema, arthritis U Coumarins, Triterpenes, Phytosterols (beta- ZLWKVZROOHQMRLQWV and congestive heart sitosterol) & Tannins disease. • The root is indicated in BPH and uterine Medicinal Actions: hemorrhages,VVSHFL¿FIRUQHUYRXV eczema and will strengthen and support • Anti-lithic (urinary) the whole body. Plays an important role in • Alterative chronic and degenerative condition of the • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ musculoskeletal system such as RA, OA, gout, joint pain and myalgia. • Anti-rheumatic • Seed is considered a kidney • Astringent trophorestorative 344 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 8UWLFDGLRLFD 6WLQJLQJ1HWWOH Pharmacology: Interactions: • Amines (Ach, histamine) & leukotrienes in • Leaf: theoretical interactions with CNS fresh plant may be responsible for stinging depressants, anti-coagulants, diuretics, sensation of fresh leaf. anti-hypertensives, hypoglycemics, • Glycoquinones are hypoglycemic. immunosuppressants and diclofenac. • Flavonoids and high K+ possibly responsible • Root: potential interaction with anti-diabetics for diuretic action and excretion of uric acid. and BPH medications. References: • Glycoproteins bind to and inhibit sex 1. $QRQ8UWLFDGLRLFD 8UWLFDXUHQV QHWWOH 0RQRJUDSK$OWHUQ0HG5HY Sep;12(3):280-4. hormone binding globulin. 2. Blumenthal, M., Goldberg, A., Brinckmann, J., editors. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Austin, TX: American Botanical Council; • Beta-sitosterol has demonstrated 5-alpha Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000. 3. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading reductase inhibition in vitro and may reduce Post, 2004. 4. Nahata, A. et al. Ameliorative effects of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Andrologia. 2012 May;44 Suppl 1:396-409. by testosterone. 5. Oliver, F. et al. Contact urticaria due to the common stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)--histological, ultrastructural and pharmacological studies. Clin Exp Pharmacy: 'HUPDWRO -DQ 6. Randall, C et al. Randominzed controlled trial of nettle sting for treatment of base-thumb pain. J R Soc Med 2000;93:305-309. • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXS7,'WRWLPHVSHUGD\ Reichert, R. BINM Lecture Notes: Men’s Health & Phytomedicine, 2014. 8. Romics, I. Observations with Bazoton (stinging nettle root extract) in the man- • Tincture: (1:5, 25%), 2-5 ml TID. 100 ml DJHPHQWRISURVWDWLFK\SHUSODVLD,QW8URO1HSKURO 9. Roschek, B. et al. Nettle extract (Urtica dioica) affects key receptors and weekly max. HQ]\PHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDOOHUJLFUKLQLWLV3K\WRWKHU5HV -XO 10. Safarinejad, M. Urtica dioica for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a • Decoction of radix: 4-6 g QD for BPH. prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Herb Pharmacother. 2005;5(4):1-11. 11. Sucich, MI, Sanoski CA. Herbal Notes: Complementary & Alternative Medicine Toxicity: Pocket Guide. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Company; 2011. 12. Yildirim, N. et al. Evaluation of antioxidant properties, elemental and phenolic contents composition of wild nettle (Urtica dioica L.) from Tunceli in Turkey. Cell • Hypersensitivity or allergy may occur causing Mol Biol. 2013 Nov 3;Suppl 59:OL1882-8. 13. Zhang, H. et al. Protective effect of Urtica dioica methanol extract against exper- symptoms are pharyngeal constriction and LPHQWDOO\LQGXFHGXULQDU\FDOFXOLLQUDWV0RO0HG5HS'HF aggravation of sinusitis and rhinitis. Start with low doses! Fresh leaves are caustic due to formic acid in nettle hairs. This reaction is self-limited and may even be used therapeutically to produce a counter-irritant effect. • Root may cause digestive upset. Contraindications: Use caution with edema due to heart or kidney dysfunction, history of U bleeding disorder, and monitor electrolyte imbal- ances especially in the elderly. Monographs 345 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 8VQHDVSS 2OG0DQ¶V%HDUG P Whole lichen Lichen acids (usnic acid) C Mucilage & Polysaccharides Anthraquinones Antimicrobial A Demulcent & Emollient (Vulnerary) Immuno-stimulant & modulator Local & systemic infections of all I kinds Topical compress for open wounds F Usneaceae • Emollient & Vulnerary • Expectorant • Hemostatic Constituents: • Immuno-stimulant & modulator • Lichen acids (usnic acid and derivatives, protocetraric & diffractaic acid) • Mucilage & Polysaccharides Medicinal uses: • Anthraquinones (endocrocin) • Is primarily antibiotic, especially against gram positive, but also gram negative organisms • Fatty acids (oleic, linolenic & arachadonic) U such as: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, • Amino acids, vitamins (especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other fast- carotenoids) growing species. • As am immuno enhancer can be used for a Medicinal Actions: variety of local and systemic infections. • Analgesic • Common conditions it is used for are VLQXVLWLVDFXWHFKURQLFOXQJ YDJLQDO • Antimicrobial infections. • Anti-tumorogenic • Used topically as a compress for open • Astringent wounds to stop bleeding and infection. • 346 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 8VQHDVSS 2OG0DQ¶V%HDUG Pharmacology: Contraindications: None known. • Lichen acids (usnic acid) have been shown to exhibit antiviral, antobactieral, Interactions: antiprotozoal, antiproliferative, anti- LQÀDPPDWRU\DQDOJHVLFDQGDQWLDQWLWXPRU • Potential synergism between alongside activity. clarithromycin in the treatment of H. pylori infection. • Usnic acid disrupts bacterial cell membrane function, inhibits ATP formation and oxidative phosphorylation without effecting human References: 1. Behera, B. et al. Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of some cultured cells. Inhibits and weakens the growth of TB OLFKHQV%LRUHVRXU7HFKQRO0DU 2. Blumenthal, M., Goldberg, A., Brinckmann, J., editors. Herbal Medicine: bacillus, pneumonococcus, streptococci & Expanded Commission E Monographs. Austin, TX: American Botanical Council; Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000. staphylococci 3. &DQVDUDQ'HWDO,GHQWL¿FDWLRQDQGTXDQWLWDWLRQRIXVQLFDFLGIURPWKHOLFKHQ Usnea species of Anatolia and antimicrobial. Z Naturforsch C. 2006 Nov- • Diffractaic acid is an analgesic. 'HF 4. Criollo, J. Medical Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. • Fatty acids & polysaccharides have anti- 5. Guo, L. et al Review of usnic acid and Usnea barbata toxicity. J Environ Sci +HDOWK&(QYLURQ&DUFLQRJ(FRWR[LFRO5HY2FW'HF tumor effects. 6. Honda, N. et al. Antimycobacterial activity of lichen substances. Phytomedicine. $SU • Polysaccharides are immuno-stimulating. ,QJROIVGRWWLU.8VQLFDFLG3K\WRFKHPLVWU\'HF 8. Nishanth, K. et al. Protocetraric acid: an excellent broad spectrum compound from the lichen Usnea albopunctata against medically important microbes. Nat • 3URWRFHWUDULFDFLGKDVVLJQL¿FDQWEURDG 3URG5HV 9. Rankovic, B. et al. Biological activities of Toninia candida and Usnea barbata spectrum antimicrobial activity. together with their norstictic acid and usnic acid constituents. Int J Mol Sci. 2012 1RY 10. Safak, B. et al. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of usnic acid. Phytother 5HV -XO 11. Srivastava, P. et al. Antimicrobial Property of Extracts of Indian Lichen against Pharmacy: +XPDQ3DWKRJHQLF%DFWHULD,QWHUGLVFLS3HUVSHFW,QIHFW'LV • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXS7,' • Tincture: (1:6, 90%), 2-5 ml TID. 100 ml weekly max. • &DSVXOHV XSWRJGD\SRZGHUHGKHUE • External application as tincture or compress • Note: Dose short term up to 3 weeks. Toxicity: No adverse effects expected. Topi- cally, may cause skin irritation. U Monographs 347 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 9DFFLQLXPP\UWLOOXV %LOEHUU\ P Fruit (berry) & Leaf Flavonoids (Anthocyanins) Tannins C Nutrients (Vitamin B1, C, beta carotene) Antioxidant A Astringent Venous tonic & Vaso-protector Eye disease (particularly with diabetic involvement) I 9HQRXVLQVXI¿FLHQF\ HJ hemorrhoids & varicose veins) F Ericaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • Berry: Flavonoids (Anthocyanins), Nutrients • Berry is indicated in visual disturbances/ (Vitamin B1, C, beta carotene) & Pectin poor vision, retinopathy, cataracts, • Leaf: Tannins & polyphenols (catechin & glaucoma and macular degeneration. epicatechin) • Antioxidant effects give it usefulness in gout and rheumatoid arthritis. • Leaf especially indicated for venous Medicinal Actions: LQVXI¿FLHQF\DQGFDSLOODU\IUDJLOLW\DVDZKROH • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ such as hemorrhoids & varicose veins. • Anti-microbial • Have been used as food and for their high V • Antioxidant nutritive value in the treatment of scurvy and urinary complaints (including infection and • Astringent stones). • Diuretic • The dried berries have been used primarily • Venous tonic & vaso-protector for their astringent qualities in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery. • Decoctions of the leaves have been used in the treatment of diabetes. 348 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 9DFFLQLXPP\UWLOOXV %LOEHUU\ Pharmacology: • Anthocyanins are antioxidant and blood Bilberry is a shrubby perennial plant vessel tonics which help to stabilize collagen that grows in most temperate climates DQGSURWHFWLWGXULQJLQÀDPPDWLRQ of the world. It is one of a group • Tannins produce astringent effects. of 200 berry producing plants that produce edible fruits. Nearly all of • Note: Over 15 different anthocyanosides the Vaccinium spp. will produce the RULJLQDWHIURPWKH¿YHGLIIHUHQW EOXHSXUSOHFRORUHGSLJPHQWFDOOHG anthocyanidins found in bilberry. ÀDYRQRLGV RUDQWKRF\DQLGLQV ZKLFK are bitter and responsible for much of the plants medicinal effectiveness, Pharmacy: particularly in relation to vascular • Fresh berries: 2-4 oz. TID concerns and anti-aging. • 'HFRFWLRQ WEVSFXSZDWHUVLPPHU minutes, TID. • Tincture: (1:1, 25%), 1-2 ml TID. 40 ml weekly max. Vaccinium myrtillus is found natively Toxicity: in Western Canada and the United • Theoretically may cause hypotension, States. It is closely related to the widely changes in blood sugar and GIT disturbance cultivated North American blueberry (e.g. heartburn, nausea, diarrhea). V. corymbosum & V.macrocarpon Contraindications: Use caution in hemorrhagic (cranberry) disorders, hypotension & hypoglycemia. Interactions: • Potential additive effects with anti-coagulant medications (theoretical). • May interact with anti-diabetic agents & anti- hypertensives References: 1. %RXD\HG-HWDO77RWDOSKHQROLFVÀDYRQRLGVDQWKRF\DQLQVDQGDQWLR[LGDQWDF- tivity following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion and dialysis of apple varieties: V Bioaccessibility and potential uptake. Food Chemistry, 128(1), 14–21, 2011. 2. Brinker, F. Herbal Contraindications and Drug Interactions: Plus Herbal Adjuncts with Medicines. 4th ed. Eclectic Medical Publications; 2010. 3. Canter, P. & Ernst, E. Anthocyanosides of Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) for night vision – a systematic review of placebo-controlled trials. Sruv Opthalmol 2004;49:38-50. 4. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. 5. 0RUD]RQL3 %RPEDUGHOOL(9DFFLQLXPP\UWLOOXV/)LWRWHUDSLD 6. Ogawa, K., et al. The protective effect and action mechanism of Vaccinium myrtil- lus L. on gastric ulcer in mice. Phytotherapy Research, 25(8), 1160–1165, 2011. Sucich, MI, Sanoski CA. Herbal Notes: Complementary & Alternative Medicine Pocket Guide. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Company; 2011. Monographs 349 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 9DOHULDQDRI¿FLQDOLV 9DOHULDQ P Root Volatile oil C Iridoid esters (valepotriates) Alkaloids (valerenic acid) Analgesic Carminative & Antispasmodic A Nervine Sedative & Hypnotic (paradoxical stimulant) Anxiety & Insomnia I Muscle tension & neuralgia (e.g. migraines) F Valerianaceae Medicinal uses: • One of the most relaxing nervines available to herbal medicine. Can be used safely to reduce tension, anxiety, and overly excitable states. Constituents: • Is an effective aid in insomnia, producing a natural healing sleep. As an antispasmodic it • Volatile oil (camphene, borneol) has a muscle relaxing effect on smooth and • Iridoid esters (valepotriates) skeletal muscles, and will aid in the relief of • Alkaloids (actinidine, valerine, valerianine cramping, neuralgias and intestinal colic. & chatinine) • As a pain reliever it is most indicated where • Sesquiterpene alkaloids (valerenic acid) that pain is associated with tension, such as in migraines. It carries no risk of dependency V Medicinal Actions: and does not effect mental concentration. • Analgesic • +DVVLJQL¿FDQWDQWLK\SHUWHQVLYH • Antimicrobial anti-bronchospastic properties and can be useful in a variety respiratory & • Bitter (Warming) cardiovascular disorders such as asthma • Carminative & Antispasmodic & hypertension. • Nervine Sedative & Hypnotic (paradoxical Pharmacology: stimulant) • Volatile oils (camphene, borneol) are CNS • Hypotensive depressants and therefore responsible 350 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 9DOHULDQDRI¿FLQDOLV 9DOHULDQ for sedative, hypnotic and antispasmodic Contraindications: actions. • Pregnancy & lactation (controversial) • Valerenic acid and its derivatives are • Avoid in conditions where sedation could sedative and antispasmodic. Bind GABA pose a danger. receptors, release GABA and inhibit GABA degradation causing CNS sedation and • Use caution in history of cardiovascular smooth & skeletal muscle relaxation. disease • Iridoid valepotriates (e.g. volvaltrates A • High in arginine, therefore avoid in Herpes and B) are sedative and antispasmodic. simplex virus. Paradoxical stimulant effects may be due to a Interactions: high sensitivity to valepotriates. • Use caution with sedative & anti-depressant • Alkaloids are hypotensive. medications, anti-convulsants and alcohol. Pharmacy: References: 1. Benke, D. et al. GABA A receptors as in vivo substrate for the anxiolytic action of • 'HFRFWLRQ WEVSFXSVLPPHUHGEHIRUHEHG valerenic acid, a major constituent of valerian root extracts. Neuropharmacology. -DQ 2. Bent, S. et al. Valerian for sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J • Tincture: (1:5, 60%), 5-10 ml for sedation; 2.5 Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1005-12. 3. Circosta, C. et al. Biological and analytical characterization of two extracts from ml BID to TID for mild anxiety. 60 ml weekly 9DOHULDQDRI¿FLQDOLV-(WKQRSKDUPDFRO-XQ max. 4. &RUVL*HWDO%LRORJLFDODQG3K\WRFKHPLFDO$VSHFWVRI9DOHULDQDRI¿FLQDOLV %LRFKHPLFDOV\VWHPDWLFV (FRORJ\9RO SS 5. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading • Dried root capsules standardized to 0.2%- Post, 2004. 6. )HUQiQGH]6HWDO6HGDWLYHDQGVOHHSHQKDQFLQJSURSHUWLHVRIOLQDULQD 0.8% valerenic acids: 300-500 mg for ÀDYRQRLGLVRODWHGIURP9DOHULDQDRI¿FLQDOLV3KDUPDFRO%LRFKHP%HKDY )HE sedation at bedtime, 150-300 mg for mild Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional’s Handbook of Complementary Medicines. anxiety daily 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. 8. +RXJKWRQ37KHVFLHQWL¿FEDVLVIRUWKHUHSXWHGDFWLYLW\RI9DOHULDQ-3KDUP Pharmacol 1999;51:505-512. • Note: High doses should be used for anxiety 9. Miyasaka, L. et al. Valerian for Anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Reviews 2006 Issue 4. and low doses for sedation. Avoid abrupt 10. Sucich, MI, Sanoski CA. Herbal Notes: Complementary & Alternative Medicine Pocket Guide. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Company; 2011. discontinuation due to possible withdrawal 11. Wang, P. et al. Iridoids and sesquiterpenoids from the roots of Valeriana syndrome. RI¿FLQDOLV-1DW3URG 6HS Toxicity: • 10% of individuals (notably those with “hot” constitutions) will react paradoxically and actually be stimulated by Valerian causing various CNS disturbances including V excitability & agitation, insomnia & headache, and cardiac disturbances. • Potential for allergic hypersensitivity and GIT upset. Monographs 351 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 9HUEDVFXPWKDSVXV 0XOOHLQ P Aerial Mucilage C Flavonoids (acubin) Saponins $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A Demulcent, Emollient & Vulnerary Expectorant (Respiratory amphoteric) Cough (wet or dry) with catarrh ,UULWDWHGLQÀDPPHGPXFRXV I membranes (e.g. rhintiis, sinusitis) Topically in otitis media F Scrophulariaceae • Demulcent & Emollient Constituents: • Mucilage & polysaccharides • Expectorant (Respiratory amphoteric) • Flavonoids (acubin) • Vulnerary • Saponins • Iridoid glycosides Medicinal uses: • 9RODWLOHRLO ÀRZHUV • Is expectorant and anti-spasmodic, though will demonstrate amphoteric respiratory • Tannins effects. • 5HVLQV ÀRZHUV V • Is indicated for both dry, hoarse coughs • Bitter principle or wet, productive coughs with thick expectorate, and also in asthma. • Phenylethanoid & lignan glycosides (verbascoside) • Topically, may be applied as a poultice to areas of muscle spasms and painful joints. • Extracts (especially water) have Medicinal Actions: demonstrated antibacterial activity against • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia • Antimicrobial coli. 352 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 9HUEDVFXPWKDSVXV 0XOOHLQ • 7KHLQIXVHGÀRZHURLOLVRIWHQXVHGIRU Interactions: None reported. earaches & otitis media, for its soothing and References: vulnerary effects. 1. Ali, N. et al. Anthelmintic and relaxant activities of Verbascum Thapsus Mullein. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 Mar 30;12:29. 2. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading • Has a strong history of medicinal use for Post, 2004. 3. Escobar, F. et al. Antiviral effect and mode of action of methanolic extract of the treatment of tuberculosis and other 9HUEDVFXPWKDSVXV/RQSVHXGRUDELHVYLUXV VWUDLQ5& 1DW3URG5HV pulmonary problems, often traditionally used 4. McCarthy, E. & O’Mahony, J. What’s in a Name? Can Mullein Weed Beat TB in herbal smoking blends. Where Modern Drugs Are Failing? Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011. 5. 6SHUDQ]D/HWDO$QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWVLQ7+3FHOOVWUHDWHGZLWKYHUEDV- coside. Phytother Res. 2010 Sep;24(9):1398-404. 6. Turker, A. & Camper, N. Biological activity of common mullein, a medicinal plant. -(WKQRSKDUPDFRO2FW Pharmacology: Turker, A. & Gurel, E. Common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.): recent DGYDQFHVLQUHVHDUFK3K\WRWKHU5HV6HS 8. Warashina, T. et al. Phenylethanoid and lignan glycosides from Verbascum • SaponinsGUDZÀXLGIURPWKHWLVVXHV thapsus. Phytochemistry. 1992 Mar;31(3):961-5. 9. Zhao, Y. et al. Isolation of chemical constituents from the aerial parts of thereby creating a thinner mucous that is Verbascum thapsus and their antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activities. Arch easier to expectorate 3KDUP5HV0D\ • Mucilage LVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ UHVSRQVLEOH for soothing action upon mucous membranes. • Flavonoids (acubin & luteolin) are anti- LQÀDPPDWRU\KHOSLQJUHGXFHFRSLRXV The soft mucilaginous leaves of mucous production and have showed Mullein suggested therapeutic uses promising antiproliferative activities, with an to traditional healers. Although effect on inducing apoptosis of lung cancer soothing to the skin and mucosa, cells. when prepared directly to the skin can • Iridoid compounds (e.g. verbathasin actually be irritating when used fresh. A) have potential antiangiogenic & The seeds are not used in herbal antiproliferative activities. medicine due to their toxicity. • Phenylethanoid glycoside (verbascoside) KDVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\SURSHUWLHVUHGXFLQJ the production of superoxide radicals and activity of iNOS. • Volatile oils are antimicrobial, anti- LQÀDPPDWRU\ DQWLVSDVPRGLF Pharmacy: V • ,QIXVLRQWVSFXSZDWHUFXSV7,' • Tincture: (1:5, 25%), 4-6 ml TID. 125 ml weekly max. • Topical applications: Poultice & infused oils Toxicity: None known. Contraindications: None known. Monographs 353 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 9HUEHQDRI¿FLQDOLV 9HUYDLQ P Aerial Iridoid glycosides (verbenosides) C Caffeic acid derivatives Phytosterols Bitter (Hepatic) A Carminative & anti-spasmodic Nervine Tonic +HSDWRELOOLDU\LQVXI¿FLHQF\ I Poor or sluggish digestion Stress, Anxiety & Depression F Verbenaceae Medicinal Actions: • Analgesic (mild) • Antimicrobial • Antioxidant • Bitter (Digestive stimulant) • Carminative & Anti-spasmodic Constituents: • Emmenagogue • Iridoid glycosides (verbenosides: acetoside, YHUEHQDOLQKDVWDWRVLGHYHUEHRIÀLQ • Galactagogue verbanaline) • Hepatic & Hepatoprotective • Phenylpropanoid glycoside (verbascoside) • Hypotensive V • Phytosterols (beta-sitosterol) • Immunomodulator • Volatile oil • Nervine Tonic • Mucilage • Neuroprotective • Bitter substances (verbenalol) • Tannins Medicinal uses: • Alkaloids • Has remarkable DQWLLQÁDPPDWRU\ • Triterpenoids (derivatives of ursolic & gastroprotective activity, acting as a oleanolic acids) digestive tonic that increases secretion 354 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 9HUEHQDRI¿FLQDOLV 9HUYDLQ of saliva, HCl, pancreatic enzymes, and Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation increases intestinal motility. (controversial) • Is a mild choleretic and hepatic stimulant, while toning and strengthen the whole Interactions: nervous system while relaxing any tension RUVWUHVVDQGLVXVHIXOLQLUULWDWHGDQGRU • May inhibit iron absorption when taken with depressed states. food or supplements. • Is used in folk medicine for the treatment of • Theoretical interactions with HRT and blood LQÀDPPDWRU\GLVRUGHUVVNLQEXUQVHGHPD pressure medications. abrasions, gastric diseases (e.g. dysentery & enteritis), amenorrhea & depression. References: • Exhibits 1. &DOYR0HWDO$QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLYLW\RIOHDIH[WUDFWRI9HUEHQDRI¿FLQDOLV/ neuroprotective effects on cells 3K\WRPHGLFLQH 'HF of the central nervous system, with studies 2. &DVDQRYD(HWDO$QWLR[LGDQWDQGDQWLIXQJDODFWLYLW\RI9HUEHQDRI¿FLQDOLV/ OHDYHV3ODQW)RRGV+XP1XWU6HS elucidating that phosphorylation of both 3. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. interferon-inducing protein kinase (PKR) 4. 'HHSDN0 +DQGD6HWDO$QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLYLW\DQGFKHPLFDOFRPSRVL- WLRQRIH[WUDFWVRI9HUEHQDRI¿FLQDOLV3K\WRWKHU5HV6HS & c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was 5. Lai, S. et al. Novel neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extracts from Verbena attenuated within neurons thus demonstrating RI¿FLQDOLV/LQQ1HXURSKDUPDFRORJ\0D\ 6. 6KX-HWDO7ZRQHZLULGRLGVIURP9HUEHQDRI¿FLQDOLV/0ROHFXOHV-XO potential actions against neuronal loss in 6KX-HWDO$QHZWULWHUSHQRLGIURP9HUEHQDRI¿FLQDOLV/1DW3URG5HV Alzheimer’s & conditions associated with 8. 6SHURQL(HWDO(IIHFWVRIGLIIHUHQWLDOH[WUDFWLRQRI9HUEHQDRI¿FLQDOLVRQUDW cognitive declines. PRGHOVRILQÀDPPDWLRQFLFDWUL]DWLRQDQGJDVWULFGDPDJH3ODQWD0HG 0DU 9. ;X:HWDO7ZRQHZVHFRLULGRLGJO\FRVLGHVIURP9HUEHQDRI¿FLQDOLV-$VLDQ Pharmacology: Nat Prod Res. 2010 Aug;12(8):649-53. • Iridoid glycosides (verbenosides) demonstrate antioxidant, anti-lipidemic and immunomodulating effects. • Verbenalin is hepatoprotective. • Verbenin is a galactagogue. In low doses acts as a agonist & in high doses acts as an antagonist to sympathetic nerve endings. • Acetoside has anti-tremor, hypotensive, and analgesic effects. • Triterpenoids exhibit antitumor activity against human hepatoma cells in vitro. V Pharmacy: • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSZDWHUFXS4'±7,' • Tincture: (1:5, 25%), 2-5 ml TID. 100 ml weekly max. Toxicity: • High doses may cause GIT upset (e.g. nausea, vomiting), convulsions and stupor. Monographs 355 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 9LEXUQXPRSXOXV &UDPSEDUN P Dried Bark & Leaves Salicylates C Coumarins (scopoletin) Alkaloids (Valerianic acid) $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A Antispasmodic Nervine Sedative Muscle pain & spasm (e.g. dysmenorrhea & asthma) I Hypertension Arthritis F Caprifolicaceae Medicinal Actions: Constituents: • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Salicylates • Antioxidant • Coumarins (scopoletin & scopaline) • Antispasmodic • Resin glycoside (Viburnin) • Astringent • Alkaloids (Valerianic acid) • Bitter • Proanthocyanidins (Flavonols) • Emmenagogue • Tannins & Phenolic acids (cinnamic & • Hypotensive benzoic acid derivatives including caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic acid, gallic, ellagic & • Nervine Sedative syringic) Medicinal uses: V • Hydroquinone glycosides (arbutin) • A skeletal and smooth muscle relaxant • Bitter (viburnin) ZLWKWLVVXHVSHFL¿W\WRWKHXWHUXVOXQJVDQG blood vessels. • Sesquiterpenes (Viopudial & Viburtinal) • It can be used both internally topically to relieve cramps (especially menstrual and in uterine & ovarian pain), asthma, and hypertension. Muscle spasms, pain and FUDPSLQJLQDQ\DUHDFDQEHQH¿WIURPLWV use including back & leg pain, arthritis and polymyalgia. 356 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 9LEXUQXPRSXOXV &UDPSEDUN Pharmacology: Contraindications: • SalicylatesDUHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • $YRLGLQFKLOGUHQZLWKWKHÀXGXHWR5H\H¶V analgesic syndrome (theoretical). • Coumarins (scopoletin & scopaline) are • Those with known hypersensitivity to uterine relaxants. Scopoletin being especially salicylates may experience rare reaction antispasmodic. causing urticaria, rhinitis, asthma & • Hydroquinone glycosides (arbutin) have bronchial spasm. emmenagogue effects • Proanthocyanidins have demonstrated Interactions: gastroduodenoprotective effects via an • Avoid while using aspirin or other salicylate increase in endogenous NO generation, FRQWDLQLQJVXEVWDQFHVDOFRKROEDUELWXUDWHV suppression of lipid peroxidation and sedatives, NSAIDs, anticoagulants, mobilization of antioxidant activity of the methotrexate, spironolactone, phenytoin, gastroduodenal mucosa in rat models. valproate medications. • Sesquiterpenes (Viopudial) is hypotensive & a smooth muscle antispasmodic. References: 1. Altun, M. et al. Antioxidant properties of Viburnum opulus and Viburnum lantana JURZLQJLQ7XUNH\,QW-)RRG6FL1XWU0D\ 2. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Pharmacy: Post, 2004. 3. Erdogan-Orhan, I. et al. Anti-acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant assets of • 'HFRFWLRQ WEVSFXSZDWHUFXSV7,' WKHPDMRUFRPSRQHQWV VDOLFLQDPHQWRÀDYRQHDQGFKORURJHQLFDFLG DQGWKH extracts of Viburnum opulus and Viburnumlantana and their total phenol and ÀDYRQRLGFRQWHQWV-0HG)RRG$SU • Tincture: (1:2; 25%), 1-4 ml TID; for acute 4. Jarboe, C. et al. Scopoletin, an Antispasmodic Component of Viburnum opulus DQGSUXQLIROLXP-0HG&KHP 0D\ XSWRPOTKRXURUPOTKPO 5. Karaçelik, A. et al. Antioxidant components of Viburnum opulus L. determined by on-line HPLC-UV-ABTS radical scavenging and LC-UV-ESI-MS methods. Food weekly max. &KHP0D\ 6. Nicholson, J. et al. Viopudial, a hypotensive and smooth muscle antispasmodic • Powder: 2-4 g TID IURP9LEXUQXPRSXOXV3URF6RF([S%LRO0HG -XQ Rop, O. et al. Antioxidant properties of European cranberrybush fruit (Viburnum • Topical as a liniment or ointment. RSXOXVYDUHGXOH 0ROHFXOHV-XQ 8. Turek, S. & Cisowsk,i W. Free and chemically bonded phenolic acids in EDUNVRI9LEXUQXPRSXOXV/DQG6DPEXFXVQLJUD/$FWD3RO3KDUP -XO$XJ 9. =D\DFKNLYVND2HWDO,QÀXHQFHRI9LEXUQXPRSXOXVSURDQWKRF\DQLGLQVRQ stress-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006 Toxicity: 1RY 6XSSO • In high doses salicylic acid has an ototoxic effect by inhibiting prestin, which is the motor protein of the outer hair cells of the inner ear of the mammalian cochlea. It has been known to induce transient hearing loss in V ]LQFGH¿FLHQWLQGLYLGXDOV • Theoretically Salicylism which is an acute overdose of salicylates can produce toxicity symptoms ranging from mild nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy, tinnitus, and dizziness, depending on the dose consumed. Monographs 357 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 9LEXUQXPSUXQLIROLXP %ODFN+DZ P Dried Bark (cortex) Salicylates C Coumarins (scopoletin) Iridoid glycosides Antispasmodic A Hypotensive Uterine tonic Hypertension 8WHULQHLUULWDWLRQ LQÀDPPDWLRQ HJ I dysmenorrhea) Myalgia (topically & internally) F Caprifolicaceae Medicinal uses: • Is primarily an antispasmodic and is a Constituents: balancer of hypo or hypertensive states. • Salicylates • ,WKDVDVSHFL¿FXVHGXULQJWKUHDWHQHG • Coumarins (scopoletin & scopoline) miscarriage especially with hypertension, and is of great use for XWHULQHLQÁDPPDWLRQV • Flavonoids irritations (such as menstrual cramps) and • Iridoid glycosides (isolvaleric) generally as a uterine tonic. • Triterpenes • Can be used for muscle & leg cramps and lumbar pain both topically and internally. • Tannins • Has been used traditionally as a • Phenolic acids (oxalic, oleanolic & ursolic) spasmolytic, sedative, and for anti- V Medicinal Actions: asthmatic properties. • Antispasmodic • Astringent Pharmacology: • Bitter • Salicylates DUHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • Diuretic analgesic • Hypotensive • Coumarins (scopoletin) are uterine relaxants • Nervine Sedative • Iridoid glycosides are suspected to play a VLJQL¿FDQWUROHLQVSDVPRO\WLFDQGXWHUXV • Uterine tonic relaxant properties 358 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 9LEXUQXPSUXQLIROLXP %ODFN+DZ Pharmacy: References: 1. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. • 'HFRFWLRQ WEVSFXSZDWHUVLPPHU 2. Cometa, M. et al. In vitro relaxant and spasmolytic effects of constituents from 9LEXUQXPSUXQLIROLXPDQG+3/&TXDQWL¿FDWLRQRIWKHELRDFWLYHLVRODWHGLULGRLGV minutes, 1-2 cups TID -(WKQRSKDUPDFRO -XQ 3. +ROEHUW-7KHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIDQDFLGLQWKHURRWEDUNRI9LEXUQXPSUXQLIROLXP • Tincture: (1:5; 60%), 5-10 ml TID. 200 ml J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc. 1946 Oct;35(10):315. 4. Jarboe, C. et al. 1-methyl 2,3-dibutyl hemimellitate. A novel component of weekly max. Viburnum prunifolium. J Org Chem. 1969 Dec;34(12):4202-3. 5. Tomassini, L. et al. Iridoid glucosides from Viburnum prunifolium. Planta Med. • Powder: 2-5 g TID 1999 Mar;65(2):195. 6. Wilson, J. Viburnum Prunifolium, or Black Haw, in Abortion and Miscarriage. Br • Externally as a rub or ointment Med J. 1886 Apr 3;1(1318):640-1. Toxicity: • In high doses salicylic acid has an ototoxic effect by inhibiting prestin, which is the motor protein of the outer hair cells of the inner ear of the mammalian cochlea. It has been known to induce transient hearing loss in ]LQFGH¿FLHQWLQGLYLGXDOV Cramp bark is a common plant in the • Theoretically Salicylism which is an acute central & eastern parts of the United overdose of salicylates can produce toxicity States & Canada. Native Americans symptoms ranging from mild nausea, HPSOR\HGLWRIWHQHVSHFLDOO\¿QGLQJLW vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy, tinnitus, helpful prenatally, and in hemorrhage and dizziness, depending on the dose after childbirth, and included it in consumed. a decoction meant to “regulate the heart”, and ease against pain throughout the entire body. Contraindications: • $YRLGLQFKLOGUHQZLWKWKHÀXGXHWR5H\H¶V syndrome (theoretical). • Those with known hypersensitivity to salicylates may experience rare reaction causing urticaria, rhinitis, asthma & bronchial spasm. • Caution with kidney stones due to presence of oxalates in the dried bark, however V oxalates are insoluble in water. Interactions: • Avoid while using aspirin or other salicylate FRQWDLQLQJVXEVWDQFHVDOFRKROEDUELWXUDWHV sedatives, NSAIDs, anticoagulants, methotrexate, spironolactone, phenytoin, valproate medications. Monographs 359 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | 9LWH[DJQXVFDVWXV &KDVWH7UHH%HUU\ P Fruit (Berry) Flavonoids (vitexin & isovitexin) C Iridoid glycosides Alkaloids (viticin) Antispasmodic A Hormone balancer Uterine tonic Conditions related to relative SURJHVWHURQHGH¿FLHQF\ HVWURJHQ I excess (e.g. PMS, menstrual irregularity & infertility) F Lamiaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • Flavonoids (apignenin, castican, orientin, • Traditionally used as a galactagogue & isovitexin & vitexin) emmenagogue and to ‘repress sexual • Iridoid glycosides (agnuside, aucubin & passions’. eurostoside) • Is most often used in the treatment of a • /DEGDQHGLWHUSHQHV URWXQGLIXUDQ variety of menstrual disorders including diacetoxy-13-hydroxy-labda-8,14-diene) secondary amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, cystic • Alkaloids (viticin) K\SHUSODVLDRIWKHHQGRPHWULXPGH¿FLHQW • Fatty acids (linoleic) corpus luteum function, and will help normalize shortened luteal phases & correct • Volatile oils (cineole, sabinene, limonene & OXWHDOSKDVHSURJHVWHURQHGH¿FLHQFLHV camphene due to latent hyperprolactinaemia, thereby Medicinal Actions: helping promote fertility measures. V • Anaphrodisiac • An effective herb for the treatment of moderate to severe PMS, especially with • Antispasmodic V\PSWRPVRISUHPHQVWUXDOF\FOLFDFQH • Emmenagogue PDVWDOJLDÀXLGUHWHQWLRQDQJHULUULWDELOLW\ • Galactagogue headache. • Hormone balancer • Note: Hyperprolactinaemia is amongst the most frequent causes for menstrual disorders • Pituitary adjuvant LQFOXGLQJFRUSXVOXWHDOLQVXI¿FLHQF\ ZKLFK • Uterine tonic FDQOHDGWR306 SURJHVWHURQHGH¿FLHQF\ 360 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak 9LWH[DJQXVFDVWXV &KDVWH7UHH%HUU\ secondary amenorrhoea and premenstrual Toxicity: mastalgia. • In high doses (20 times therapeutic) can • The basic overall indication is a relative inhibit all aspects of anterior pituitary SURJHVWHURQHGHÀFLHQF\RUDUHODWLYH function resulting in decreased pituitary, estrogen excess. adrenal and uterine function. Can also Pharmacology: decrease libido in both women & men. • The biological mechanism by which Vitex • May aggravate pure spasmodic exerts its therapeutic effects has not been dysmenorrhoea not associated with PMS. fully elucidated so far. Through synergistic • Potential to cause allergic reactions, feelings HIIHFWV9LWH[DSSHDUVWRVWLPXODWHQRUPDOL]H of formication, CNS disturbance (dizziness, function of the pituitary gland and the activity vertigo, headache), tachycardia, and GIT of female sex hormones by the ovaries, upset. but has no direct action on the ovaries Contraindications: themselves. • Pregnancy & lactation (controversial). Use • Dopaminergic compounds including fatty with caution in pregnancy and only in the acids (linoleic) & labdane diterpenes HDUO\VWDJHVIRULQVXI¿FLHQWFRUSXVOXWHDO URWXQGLIXUDQ ZLWKDI¿QLW\IRUGRSDPLQH function. D2 receptors appear to inhibit prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary in • Use caution in hormone sensitive disorders, a dose-dependent manner (with high estrogen-dependent cancers, seizure doses demonstrating greater inhibition), disorders, Parkinson’s, and history of thereby increasing corpus luteum growth & tachycardia. progesterone levels in the body. Interactions: Theoretical interaction with • May increase the production of LH & inhibit HRT, OCP, and dopamine receptor agonists or the production of FSH causing a relative antagonists. increase of progesterone & decrease of References: 1. Blumenthal, M., Goldberg, A., Brinckmann, J., editors. Herbal Medicine: estrogen in women and testosterone in men. Expanded Commission E Monographs. Austin, TX: American Botanical Council; Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000. • Flavonoids (agnuside, aucubin, casticin) do 2. Bone, K. & Morgan, M. Vitex: A Dopaminergic Mechanism of Action. MediHerb: A Phytotherapists Perspective: No. 16, February 2001. not show any inhibitory effects on prolactin. 3. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. • Note: At low doses prolactin secretion will 4. Daniele, C. et al. Vitex agnus-castus: a systematic review of adverse events. Drug Safety 2005;28(4):319-332. increase, and at high doses prolactin levels 5. He, Z. et al. Treatment for premenstrual syndrome with Vitex agnus castus: A prospective, randomized,multi-center placebo controlled study in China. will decrease. Maturitas. 2009 May 20;63(1):99-103. 6. ,EUDKLP1HWDO*\QHFRORJLFDOHI¿FDF\DQGFKHPLFDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQRI9LWH[ Pharmacy: DJQXVFDVWXV/IUXLWVJURZLQJLQ(J\SW1DW3URG5HV$SU 46. V Nasri, S. et al. The effects of Vitex agnus castus extract and its interaction with • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXS7,' GRSDPLQHUJLFV\VWHPRQ/+DQGWHVWRVWHURQHLQPDOHPLFH3DN-%LRO6FL -XO • Tincture: (1:1, 25%), 0.5-2 ml TID. 40 ml 8. Sucich, MI, Sanoski CA. Herbal Notes: Complementary & Alternative Medicine Pocket Guide. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Company; 2011. weekly max. • Capsules (standardized to diterpenes): 200 – 500 mg BID. • Note: may take a few months to see effects. • Monographs 361 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | :LWKDQLDVRPQLIHUD $VKZDJDQGKD P Root Steroidal saponins & lactones (withanolides) C Tropane Alkaloids Nutrients (iron) Adaptogen A Immuno-modulator Nervine Tonic & Sedative 6WUHVVGXHWRPHQWDODQGRUSK\VLFDO exhaustion (myalgia & neuralgias) I Recovery after illness & during convalescence F Solanaceae Constituents: Medicinal uses: • Steroidal saponins & lactones • Has traditional use in Indian medicine for (withanolides, withaferin A & sitoinosides) centuries to alleviate fatigue and improve • Tropane alkaloids (isopelletierine & general well-being. anaferine) • Is used to restore health to the nervous • Nutrients & Minerals (iron) system and eases stress and mental exhaustion as it promotes mental clarity and improves memory and stamina. Medicinal Actions: • As a tonic for the elderly and to promote • Adaptogen growth in children and enhance athletic performance, it also promotes recovery • Anaphrodisiac after illness and during convalescence and • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ has great use in various chronic diseases LQYROYLQJLQÀDPPDWLRQ • Antioxidant W • It will aid bone degeneration, rheumatism, • Anti-rheumatic joint pain and neuralgias and can be used • Anti-tumerogenic topically for wounds and swelling. Has a • Immuno-modulator protective role in SLE. • Nervine Tonic & Sedative • ,VDVDIHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQWDQGIRU various seizure disorders. • Augments the anti-neoplastic effects of chemotherapeutic agents and appears 362 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak :LWKDQLDVRPQLIHUD $VKZDJDQGKD to have an immuno-modulatory effect Contraindications: on paclitaxel-induced inhibition of cell • Pregnancy & lactation (controversial) proliferation while preventing cancer-related fatigue. • Use caution in acute sexual anxiety • Also appears to increase radio sensitivity of tumors and thereby enhances the apoptotic Interactions: effects of radiotherapy, and play a role in chemoprevention of skin malignancies. • Potential additive affects with CNS depressants and may cause drowsiness and reduced coordination. Pharmacology: • Theoretical interactions with anxiety, • Steroidal lactones (withanolides insomnia, and anti-seizure medications. & withaferins) are anti-tumor, anti- LQÀDPPDWRU\DQGLPPXQRVWLPXODQW References: • Sitoinosides are adaptogenic and immuno- 1. Biswal, B. et al. Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on the develop- ment of chemotherapy-inducedfatigue and quality of life in breast cancer VWLPXODQW ZLOOLQFUHDVH:%&QHXWURSKLOV patients. Integr Cancer Ther. 2013 Jul;12(4):312-22. 2. Brinker, F. Herbal Contraindications and Drug Interactions: Plus Herbal Adjuncts with Medicines. 4th ed. Eclectic Medical Publications; 2010. • Withaferin A is the most potent though 3. Choudhary, M. et al. Chlorinated and diepoxy withanolides from Withania somnifera and their cytotoxic effects against human lung cancer cell line. withanolide also exhibits anti-proliferative 3K\WRFKHPLVWU\'HF effects in skin, lung & colon cancer cell lines 4. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. by modulating levels of immunoglobulins G, 5. .DSRRU6:LWKDQLDVRPQLIHUDDQGLWVHPHUJLQJDQWLQHRSODVWLFHIIHFWV,QÀDP- PRSKDUPDFRORJ\)HE A, and M. 6. 0LVKUD/HWDO6FLHQWL¿F%DVLVIRUWKH7KHUDSHXWLF8VHRI:LWKDQLDVRPQLIHUD (Ashwagandha): A Review. Alt Med Review, Vol 5, No. 4, 2000. Pg 334-346. Muralikrishnan, G. et al. Immunomodulatory effects of Withania somnifera on • Alkaloids are sedative, decrease blood azoxymethane induced experimental colon cancer in mice. Immunol Invest. pressure, reduce heart rate and are 8. Rasheed, A. et al. Chemical and pharmacological standardization of antispasmodic Ashwagandhadi lehyam: an Ayurvedic formulation. J Complement Integr Med. 2013 Oct 15;10. 9. Yadav, B. et al. In Vitro Anticancer Activity of the Root, Stem and Leaves of • High iron content helps increase RBC, WBC Withania Somnifera against Various Human Cancer Cell Lines. Indian J Pharm and platelet counts. 6FL6HS Pharmacy: • 'HFRFWLRQ JFXSVLPPHUPLQXWHV4' • Tincture: (1:2, 25%), 2-5 ml TID. 90 ml weekly max. • Capsules (Standardized to withanolides): 1-2 g QD W • Note: May take 1 month to see effects. Toxicity: • Generally safe, may cause GIT discomfort. Monographs 363 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | =DQWKR[\OXPDPHULFDQXP 3ULFNO\$VK P Bark & Fruit (Berries) Isoquinoline alkaloids (chelerythrine) C Volatile oil Amines Carminative & Antispasmodic A Circulatory stimulant Diaphoretic 3HULSKHUDOFLUFXODWRU\LQVXI¿FLHQF\ associated with rheumatic complaints I (e.g. Raynaud’s phenomenon) F Rutaceae Constituents: • Carminative & Antispasmodic • Isoquinoline alkaloids (chelerythrine & • Circulatory stimulant nitidine) • Diaphoretic • Furanocoumarins (dipetaline, • Hepatic alloxanthoxyletin, xanthoxyletin & xanthyletin) • Lymphatic • Volatile oil • Rubefacient • Amines • Lignans (sesamin & asarinin) Medicinal uses: • Resins • May be used in a similar way to cayenne although slower in its action. • Tannins • Can be used in many chronic conditions such as rheumatism and skin diseases. Medicinal Actions: • :LOOSURPRWHEORRGÀRZWRWKHSHULSKHU\ • Alterative and joints andLVVSHFLÀFIRUSHULSKHUDO • Analgesic FLUFXODWRU\LQVXIÀFLHQF\DVVRFLDWHGZLWK rheumatic symptoms. Any sign of poor Z • Anti-microbial (Anti-fungal) FLUFXODWLRQFDQEHQH¿WVIURPLWVXVH • Anti-rheumatic • Externally it can be used as stimulating • Bitter liniment. 364 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak =DQWKR[\OXPDPHULFDQXP 3ULFNO\$VK • Due to its stimulating effect upon the Interactions: lymphatic system, circulation and mucous • Theoretical additive effects with membranes it will have a role in the holistic anticoagulants and cardiac glycosides. treatment of many conditions. References: Pharmacology: 1. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Post, 2004. 2. &\EXOVND3HWDO([WUDFWVRI&DQDGLDQ¿UVWQDWLRQVPHGLFLQDOSODQWVXVHGDV • Little is generally known regarding natural products, inhibit neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with different antibiotic UHVLVWDQFHSUR¿OHV6H[7UDQVP'LV-XO pharmacodynamics 3. %D¿ Pharmacy: • Dried bark: 1-3g, TID • Dried berries: 1-5g TID • 'HFRFWLRQ WVSFXSVLPPHUPLQ7,' • Tincture: (1:5, 60%), 2-4 ml TID. 80 ml weekly max. Toxicity: • No adverse effects expected within recommended doses. Contraindications: • 8VHFDXWLRQLQDFXWHLQÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQV of the stomach. Z Monographs 365 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | =HDPD\V &RUQVLON P Stigmas & styles Mucilage & polysaccharides C Tannins Allantoin Anti-lithic A Demulcent & Vulnerary Diuretic ,UULWDWLRQ LQÀDPPDWLRQRIWKH genitourinary tract (e.g. cystitis, I prostatitis & kidney stones) Symptoms of BPH (urinary retention) F Poaceae Medicinal Actions: Constituents: • Alterative • Mucilage • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ • )ODYRQRLGV ,VRÀDYRQH IRUPRQRQHWLQ • Anti-lithic • Amines • Cholagogue • Fixed oils (glycerides of linolenic, oleic, • Demulcent palmitic, stearic acids) • Tannins • Diuretic • Allantoin • Vulnerary • Nutrients (Vitamin C, K, Mg) • Saponins Medicinal uses: • Bitter glycosides (hirsutrin) • A soothing diuretic helpful in any irritation or LQÁDPPDWLRQRIWKHXULQDU\V\VWHP • Phytosterols • Is used for renal problems in children (eg. • Gums & resins enuresis, infection) and as a urinary diuretic, Z • Alkaloids uricosuric & demulcent combined with other herbs in the treatment of cystitis, urethritis, • Volatile oil prostatitis, urinary retention and kidney or XULQDU\VWRQHVJUDYHO 366 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak =HDPD\V &RUQVLON Pharmacology: Interactions: • Mucilage is demulcent & vulnerary. • Theoretical interactions with hypoglycemic • Tannins are astringent. and anti-hypertensive medications. References: • Allantoin is a potent connective tissue 1. Al-Ali, M. et al. Tribulus terrestris: preliminary study of its diuretic and contractile effects and comparison with Zea mays. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Apr;85(2- healer. 2. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading • ,VRÀDYRQH IRUPRQRQHWLQ LVKLJKO\ Post, 2004. 3. Doan, D. et al. Studies on the individual and combined diuretic effects of antioxidant. four Vietnamese traditional herbal remedies (Zea mays, Imperata cylindrica, Plantago major and Orthosiphon stamineus). J Ethnopharmacol. 1992 Jun;36(3):225-31. • Glycosides (hirsutrin) has demonstrated 4. Hasanudin, K. et al. Corn silk (Stigma maydis) in healthcare: a phytochemical inhibition of galactitol formation in rat lens DQGSKDUPDFRORJLFDOUHYLHZ0ROHFXOHV$XJ 5. Kim, T. et al. Aldose reductase inhibitory activity of compounds from Zea mays & erythrocytes and may effectively prevent /%LRPHG5HV,QW 6. Tian, J. et al. Comparative studies on the constituents, antioxidant and osmotic stress in hyperglycemia, thus being a anticancer activities of extractsfrom different varieties of corn silk. Food Funct. 2013 Oct;4(10):1526-34. potential therapeutic agent against diabetes Velazquez, D. et al. Zea mays L. extracts modify glomerular function and potas- complications. sium urinary excretion in conscious rats. Phytomedicine. 2005 May;12(5):363-9. Pharmacy: • ,QIXVLRQ WVSFXSLQIXVHPLQ7,' • Tincture: (1:5, 25%), 5-10 ml TID. 250 ml weekly max. • Dried parts: 4-8 g, TID. • As poultice or food (kernels) • Note: best given as infusion. Toxicity: • Long-term & excessive use may cause hypokalemia. • Potential for allergic hypersensitivity reactions & GIT upset. Contraindications: None known. Z Monographs 367 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | =LQJLEHURI¿FLQDOLV *LQJHU P Rhizome Volatile oil (zingiberene) C Sesquiterpenes Oleo-resins (gingerols & shogaols) $QWLR[LGDQW $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ A Antispasmodic & Carminative Peripheral circulatory stimulant Rheumatic conditions (arthritis & myalgia) I Nausea & digestive complaints (e.g. dyspepsia, gas & bloating) F Zingiberaceae Constituents: • Hypolipidemic • Volatile oil (zingiberene & b-bisabolene) • Peripheral circulatory stimulant (Warming) • 6HVTXLWHUSHQHV ĮWXUPHURQH • Rubefacient ȕWXUPHURQH Į]LQJLEHUHQH WHUSHQH synthases (germacrene, bisabolene, Medicinal uses: humulene & eudesmol) • ,QFUHDVHVWKHÀRZRIVDOLYDDQGLVD • Oleo-resins (gingerols & shogaols) stimulating tonic for the digestive system. • Starch, proteins, lipids, nutrients & amino • Reduces cramping, gas and nausea, and acids is indicated for motion sickness and to reduce nausea & vomiting in pregnancy & Medicinal Actions: chemotherapy. • Anti-emetic • Increases the peripheral circulation • $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DQGGHWR[L¿HVHVSHLFDOO\LQFDVHVRI • Antioxidant rheumatism. Can be used topically for LQÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQVVXFKDV5$2$ • Antimicrobial bursitis and muscle sprains. • Antispasmodic & Carminative Pharmacology: • Anti-thrombotic (Anti-platelet) • Oleo resins (Gingerols mainly in fresh Z • Cardiotonic root) increase uptake of calcium by the • Diaphoretic myocardium and enhance the force of contractions. Also hepatoprotective, anti- • Hepatic (Choleretic & Cholagogue) & LQÀDPPDWRU\DQWLR[LGDQWDQWLVHSWLFDQG Hepatoprotective promote gastric secretions. 368 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak =LQJLEHURI¿FLQDOLV *LQJHU • Gingerols & shogaols modulate several Contraindications: VLJQDOLQJPROHFXOHVOLNH1)ț%71)Į • Use caution in those with sensitive COX-2, cyclin D1, and other cell growth stomachs as will not always tolerate, and regulatory proteins showing evidence for especially with ulcers, GERD, gallstones, chemopreventive & chemotherapeutic kidney disease, bleeding disorders and potential. They also demonstrate substance tendency to hemorrhage. Avoid pre- P and acetylcholine receptor antagonism, operatively. DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\SURSHUWLHVDQGPRGXODWLRQ of cellular redox signaling, vasopressin • Pregnancy & lactation about culinary release, gastrointestinal motility, & gastric amounts (controversial) emptying rate. Interactions: • Volatile oils (zingiberene & b-bisabolene) • Potentially increases absorption of all drugs are anti-cholesterol, antioxidant, analgesic, and reduces absorption of iron and fat- rubefacient and anti-spasmodic.Inhibits both soluble vitamins. platelet aggregation and prostaglandins & OHXNRWULHQHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKLQÀDPPDWLRQ • Additive effects with anticoagulants due to antiplatelet activity (theoretical) • 6HVTXLWHUSHQRLGV įWXUPHURQH ȖWXUPHURQH į]LQJLEHUHQH) inhibit • Theoretical interactions with anti- proliferation of cancer cells and also arrhythmics, anti-diabetic agents, anti- enhance the anti-proliferative effect of hypertensives, and sedatives. radiation therapy. Studies demonstrate that References: 1. $QRQ=LQJLEHURI¿FLQDOH JLQJHU $OWHUQ0HG5HY they mediate apoptosis by activating p53 2. Borrelli, F et al. Effectiveness and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:849-856. having anticancer, antiulcer, and antioxidant 3. &KDL\DNXQDSUXN1HWDO7KHHI¿FDF\RIJLQJHUIRUPWKHSUHYHQWLRQRI properties. postoperative nausea & vomiting: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;194:95-99. 4. Criollo, J. Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide. 1st ed. Wellness Trading Pharmacy: Post, 2004. 5. Grzanna, R et al. Ginger: an herbal medicinal product with broad anti- • ,QIXVLRQ JFXS7,' LQÀDPPDWRU\DFWLRQV-0HG)RRG 6. Jiang, Y. et al. Effect of ginger root on cyclooxygenase-1 and 15-hydroxyprosta- glandin dehydrogenase expression in colonic mucosa of humans at normal and • Tincture: (1:5, 90%) 1.5 – 3 ml TID. 60 ml increased risk for colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2013 Sep;22(5):455-60. /LX<HWDO7HUSHQRLGVIURP=LQJLEHURI¿FLQDOH *LQJHU LQGXFHDSRSWRVLV weekly max. in endometrial cancer cellsthrough the activation of p53. PLoS One. H • Dry herb: 1-10 g in divided doses (start low 8. Marx, W. et al. Ginger-Mechanism of Action in Chemotherapy-induced Nausea DQG9RPLWLQJ $5HYLHZ&ULW5HY)RRG6FL1XWU$SU and gradually increase the dosage) 9. Prasad, S. et AL. Ginger and its constituents: role in prevention and treatment of JDVWURLQWHVWLQDOFDQFHU*DVWURHQWHURO5HV3UDFW 10. Ramadan, G. et al. Protective effects of ginger-turmeric rhizomes mixture on • Fresh herb: 5 g fresh QD MRLQWLQÀDPPDWLRQDWKHURJHQHVLVNLGQH\G\VIXQFWLRQDQGRWKHUFRPSOLFD- tions in a rat model of human rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2013 • Topical as compress, cough syrup or Apr;16(2):219-29. 11. 6DUDYDQDQ*HWDO$QWLREHVLW\DFWLRQRIJLQJHURO HIIHFWRQOLSLGSUR¿OHLQVXOLQ candied. leptin, amylase and lipase in male obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. J Sci Food Agric. 2014 Mar 10. 12. Sucich, MI, Sanoski CA. Herbal Notes: Complementary & Alternative Medicine Toxicity: Pocket Guide. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Company; 2011. 13. :KLWH%*LQJHU DQRYHUYLHZ$P)DP3K\VLFLDQ • No adverse effects expected with recommended dosages. • Best taken with food as high doses can cause heartburn, and GIT upset. Z • Topically may cause contact dermatitis and photosensitivity. Monographs 369 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com | Toxicology CIs & Safe Dosing Aconitum napellus (may cause graft rejection) Use caution in autoimmune Safety/Toxicity: SSX: N/V/D, tingling or burning followed disease, hypotension, hypoglycemia, bradycardia, electrolyte/ by numbness of the mouth, throat, and hands; dizziness, ZDWHULPEDODQFHVJURZWKKRUPRQHDQGLQÀDPPDWRU\VNLQ restlessness, loss of speech control; intense headache; disorders. pinpoint pupils, blurred vision; slow and weak pulse; Max Weekly Dosing: 60 ml (1:2, 25%) hypotension; irregular heartbeat and breathing; chest pain, sweating, patient is cold and cannot stand; face is pale, Atropa belladonna extreme anxiety, muscular weakness, convulsion and death 6DIHW\7R[LFLW\ )LUVWGU\PRXWK H\HVWKHQÀXVKLQJVNLQ due to respiratory failure. hot and dry, mydriasis, increased respiratory rate, pulse rate Contraindications: Internal Use & blood pressure, palpitations, uncoordinated movements, Max Weekly Dosing: (1:10, 1.3%) , Topical Use only incoherent speech, memory disturbed, disorientation, urinary XUJHQF\GLI¿FXOWXULQDWLRQH\HSDLQEOXUUHGYLVLRQVHQVLWLYLW\ Aesculus hippocastanum to light, dysphagia, great thirst, N/V/D, restlessness, and 6DIHW\7R[LFLW\ 66[ QDXVHD*,7XSVHW UHÀX[$HVFLQ confusion. Later depressed cerebral &neural activity, stupor, has hemolytic properties, though is minimal within thera- circulatory collapse, coma & death from respiratory paralysis. peutic doses. Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation, children <12 L/T Contraindications: Known allergy, high or long-term doses, Use children under 4, anticoagulant therapy (theoretical), Max Weekly Dosing: 10 ml (1:10, 45%) DFXWHNLGQH\LQÀDPPDWLRQJDVWULFXOFHUWRSLFDORQEURNHQ or ulcerated skin (due to irritant effects of saponins), IM Baptisia tinctoria injection of aescin. Use caution in bleeding disorders due to Safety/Toxicity: High doses may cause N/V, anorexia, hyper- inhibition of platelet aggregation activity salivation, tachypnea, tachycardia, & respiratory paralysis. Max Weekly Dosing: 80 ml (1:5, 40%), Pulse-dosing Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation L/T Use required Max Weekly Dosing: 50 ml, (1:5, 60%) Apium graveolens Berberis aquifolium Safety/Toxicity: Use caution in hypertension & acute kidney Safety/Toxicity: Intestinal or vaginal dysbiosis in extreme conditions. May cause photosensitivity with long-term use. doses (theoretical) Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation L/T Use Max Weekly Dosing: 60 ml (1:2, 60%) Max Weekly Dosing: 50 ml (1:2, 25%) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi %RUDJRRIÀFLQDOLV Safety/Toxicity: High doses are mutagenic & hepatotoxic. Safety/Toxicity: High doses are hepatotoxic. SSx: tinnitus, N/V, SOB, cyanosis, convulsions & delirium. Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation, children <12 L/T Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation LIV/KID disease Use LIV/KID disease L/T Use Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:5, 25%) Max Weekly Dosing: 60 ml (1:2, 45%) Brassica nigra/alba Arnica montana Safety/Toxicity: Topical applications left on too long may Safety/Toxicity: SSx: gastroenteritis, allergic reaction cause vesication, skin ulceration, necrosis & scarring (edematous dermatitis), muscle paralysis, and with increas- Contraindications: Topical use over circulatory damage or ing dosage cardiac arrest and death. varicose veins Contraindications: Internal use Topical use over broken Max Weekly Dosing: Culinary or topical use only VNLQ.QRZQDOOHUJ\WR$VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\ Max Weekly Dosing: (1:10), Topical Use only Bryonia alba/dioica Safety/Toxicity: SSx: gastroenteritis, N/V/D, cardiac Artemisia absinthium depression, mydriasis, headache, dizziness, delirium, cold Safety/Toxicity: Neurotoxic in high doses SSx: gastroen- perspiration & death. teritis, paralysis, decreased coordination, & hallucinations Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation Use caution in (reversible) acute GIT disorders Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation Known allergy to Max Weekly Dosing: 10 ml (1:10, 60%) $VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\/78VH*DVWULF3HSWLF8OFHUV6HL]XUH disorders Camellia sinensis Max Weekly Dosing: 20 ml (1:5, 45%), Safety/Toxicity: SSx of caffeine toxicity: GIT upset, insomnia, agitation, palpitations, nervousness, irritability, and hyperten- Artemisia vulgaris sive crisis in some patients. Safety/Toxicity: Neurotoxic in high doses Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation, children <12 LIV Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation Known allergy to disease or cardiac arrhythmias. Use caution in anemia or risk $VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\/78VH of pancreatic cancer. Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:1, 25%) Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:2, 40%) Append Astragalus membranaceous Safety/Toxicity: None expected within recommended doses. May cause GIT upset Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation Spleen transplant 370 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Toxicology CIs & Safe Dosing Curcuma longa Capsicum frutescens/annuum Safety/Toxicity: SSx: Skin rash, photosensitivity, and GIT Safety/Toxicity: Internal SSx: heartburn, anal burning, and upset gastric erosions, GIT upset, and diarrhea. May cause tran- Contraindications: Use caution with biliary obstruction, sient increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Topical SSx: gallstones or stomach hyperacidity/stomach ulcer. burning, stinging, erythema, heat, pain, and with prolonged Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:1, 45%) use may cause permanent loss of sensory nerve function in the area of application. Cytisus scoparius &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV ,QWHUQDO XOFHUDWLRQVDQGLQÀDPPDWLRQV Safety/Toxicity: SSx: impaired vision, nausea, vomiting, of the GIT, acute diarrhea, and severe hypertension. During profuse sweating, dizziness, headaches, numbness and tin- pregnancy doses should not exceed normal dietary levels, gling of hands and feet. Overdose may cause hypertensive and caution should be used during lactation. External: ap- crisis, uterine contractions, respiratory arrest and death. SOLFDWLRQWRH\HVDQGRUPXFRVDOPHPEUDQHV$YRLGLQDOOHUJ\ Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation to Solanaceae family Max Weekly Dosing: 20 ml (1:5, 45%) Max Weekly Dosing: 3 ml (1:5, 25%) Eleutherococcus senticosus Cassia angustifolia Safety/Toxicity: SSx: palpitations, insomnia, hypertension Safety/Toxicity: SSx: acute intestinal pain & cramping Recur- and tachycardia. rent use can lead to electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia), &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $YRLGLQFKLOGUHQDQGWKRVHWKDWDUH dehydration, and muscle & kidney destruction (hematuria nervous, tense, manic or overly energetic. Use caution in & albuminuria), and may predispose to colon cancer autoimmune disease due to Immunostimulant effects. (mutagenic) Max Weekly Dosing: 55 ml (1:2, 40%) Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation L/T Use (> 10 days), intestinal obstruction, spastic constipation, acute Ephedra sinica LQWHVWLQDOLQÀDPPDWLRQDEGRPLQDOSDLQRIXQNQRZQRULJLQ Safety/Toxicity: SSx: increased blood pressure, cardiac and children <12 years old. arrhythmias, insomnia, headaches, low appetite, anxiety, Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:1, 25%), 14 g dried herb restlessness, tremors, tachycardia, nausea & vomiting, dependency, and death from cardiac toxicity. Centella asiatica Contraindications: Pregnancy, Lactation, and in children Safety/Toxicity: SSx: GIT upset, itchiness, contact dermatitis, Use caution with hypertension, heart disease, glaucoma, sedation, headaches, and photosensitization. Carcinogenic anxiety, diabetes, hyperthyroid, prostate cancer, liver and/ concerns if used long term topically. Hepatotoxic? or kidney disease. &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV 3UHJQDQF\ /DFWDWLRQ$OOHUJLFVHQVLWLYLW\ Max Weekly Dosing: 50 ml (1:5, 40%) in some patients. LIV disease Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:2, 45%) Equisteum arvense Safety/Toxicity: Long-term use (> 1 month) may cause Chamaelirium luteum kidney and/or heart damage and result in tissue irritation Safety/Toxicity: In large doses will cause N/V and is a cardiac DQGFRQVHTXHQWLQÀDPPDWLRQ poison Contraindications: Use with caution in edema that is the &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $YRLGLQHDUO\SUHJQDQF\ FRQWURYHUVLDO result of impaired kidney and/or cardiac function, prostate Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:5, 45%) cancer, and children < 2 L/T Use Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:2, 25%) Coffea arabica Safety/Toxicity: SSx of caffeine toxicity: GIT upset, insomnia, Filipendula ulmaria agitation, palpitations, nervousness, irritability, and hyperten- Safety/Toxicity: Potential ototoxic effect by inhibiting prestin, sive crisis in some patients. LQGXFLQJWUDQVLHQWKHDULQJORVVLQ]LQFGH¿FLHQWLQGLYLGXDOV Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation, children <12 Use Salicylism toxicity symptoms: mild N/V, abdominal pain, caution in KID/LIV disease or cardiac arrhythmias. Use cau- lethargy, tinnitus, and dizziness. tion in anemia or risk of pancreatic cancer. &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $YRLGLQFKLOGUHQZLWKWKHÀXGXH Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:2, 40%) to Reye’s syndrome (theoretical). Those with known hypersensitivity to aspirin or salicylates may experience Commiphora molmol rare reaction causing urticaria, rhinitis, asthma & bronchial Safety/Toxicity: SSx: tachycardia, gastric burning, diaphoresis, spasm vomiting, and catharsis. Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:2, 60%) Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation Excessive uterine bleeding Fucus vesiculosis Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:5, 90%) Safety/Toxicity: SSx: GIT upset, changes in urination, bleeding time, blood pressure, and menstruation. Iodine Convalleria majalis hypersensitivity reaction may include rash, angioedema, Safety/Toxicity: SSx: N/V/D, catharsis, cardiac arrhythmias, fever, and arthralgia. hypertension, restlessness, trembling, mental confusion, Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation Excessive thyroid extreme weakness, depression, collapse of circulation, and activity (hyperthyroidism) Known allergy to seaweeds. death. Max Weekly Dosing: 125 ml (1:5, 45%) Contraindications: Use caution in HTN Max Weekly Dosing: 20 ml (1:5. 40%) Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 371 Toxicology CIs & Safe Dosing Gaultheria procumbens Safety/Toxicity: Large internal doses of essential oil have Harpagophytum procumbens FDXVHGGHDWKE\SURGXFLQJLQÀDPPDWLRQRIWKHVWRPDFK Safety/Toxicity: SSx: transient mild GIT disturbances (eg. diar- Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation UKHD ÀDWXOHQFH IURQWDOKHDGDFKHVFRQMXQFWLYLWLVWLQQLWXV Max Weekly Dosing: 60 ml (1:5, 40%) tachycardia, and allergic hypersensitivity Contraindications: Use caution with anxiety, peptic ulcers, Gelsemium sempervirens gallstones, history of arrhythmia, bleeding disorder, CHF, Safety/Toxicity: SSx: strabismus with double vision and HTN, and heart disease. Known allergy Pregnancy & ptosis, muscular weakness, giddiness, convulsions, sweat- Lactation ing, slowed, shallow and labored respiration, dizziness, Max Weekly Dosing: 80 ml (1:2, 40%) diminished pulse, lowered temperature and blood pressure, drowsiness but easily aroused, intense abdominal cramps, Humulus lupulus paralysis, death from respiratory and cardiac failure. Safety/Toxicity: SSx: drowsiness Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation Use caution in Contraindications: Depression (may potentiate symptoms). poor circulation, a weak heart or CVD. Use caution depending on occupation due to sedative/ Max Weekly Dosing: 5 ml (1:5, 60%) hypnotic effects. Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:5. 60%) Gentiana lutea Safety/Toxicity: SSx: GIT upset, N/V, and bounding pulse Hydrastis canadensis with headache. Safety/Toxicity: Long-term dosing can cause dysbiosis (kill Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation Use caution ³JRRG´ ³EDG´EDFWHULD +LJKGRVHEHUEHULQHFDQFDXVHÀX in excess HCL production and in weak constitutions with like symptoms, stomach upset, dizziness, dyspnea, increased nervous system irritability. respiratory rate, hypotension, nephritis, nervous issues, Max Weekly Dosing: 60 ml (1:5, 40%) depression, convulsions & paralysis and may be fatal. May cause photo toxicity and local anesthetic action when applied Ginkgo biloba topically, and seizure in toxic doses. Safety/Toxicity: Hypersensitivity reactions to fruits (allergic Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation, and in children dermatitis) may cause dry mouth, and sleep disturbance. Use caution with hyper/hypotension, hypoglycemia, history Raw or fresh leaf may cause GITdiscomfort & dizziness. RIEOHHGLQJGLVRUGHUV&+)DUUK\WKPLDDFXWHLQÀDPPDWRU\ Fruit/nut consumption: erythema, edema, vesicles, and conditions (especially of GIT) severe GIT irritation. Max Weekly Dosing: 20 ml (1:5, 60%) Contraindications: Use caution with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication, in cases of excessive bleeding, or Hyoscyamus niger ZLWKLQGD\VSULRUWRVXUJHU\$YRLGLIRQDQWLFRQYXOVDQWV Safety/Toxicity: First sign of toxicity is dry mouth & eyes. RU7&$VDQGZLWKKLVWRU\RIEOHHGLQJRUVHL]XUHGLVRUGHU $FXWH )DFLDOGU\QHVVQDXVHDLQFUHDVHGSXOVHUDWHYHUWLJR Known hypersensitivity. dull headache, dilated pupils, muscular weakness, reduced Max Weekly Dosing: 80 ml (1:5, 25%) peristalsis, tachycardia, paralysis, delirium and hallucinations, coma, spasms, cramps, convulsions, rapid pulse, salivation, Glycyrrhiza glabra and death. Chronic: macular rash (dry & pruritic) Safety/Toxicity: SSx: GIT upset, edema, and temporary Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation. visual disturbance. Long-term high doses may reduce Max Weekly Dosing: 10 ml (1:10, 45%) pituitary function and basal metabolic rate, and cause head- ache, seizures, arrhythmia, amenorrhea, and gyneomastia. Hypericum perforatum Pseudohyeroaldosteronism may manifest as suppression 6DIHW\7R[LFLW\ 6HURWRQLQV\QGURPHV\PSWRPV HJ$JLWDWLRQ of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, cardiac arrest, CHF, HTN, delirium, sweating, increased heart rate, and weak- edema, hypokalemia, and HTN. ness). Photosensitivity can occur in susceptible individuals. Contraindications: Use with caution in autoimmune disease, SSx: GIT irritations, allergic skin reactions, tiredness and anemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders, edema UHVWOHVVQHVVEUDG\FDUGLDSDOSLWDWLRQVDOWHUDWLRQVLQ$&7+ associated with heart failure, liver problems, kidney insuf- TSH and glucose metabolism. Sudden d/s may result in ¿FLHQF\K\SRNDOHPLDK\SRWK\URLGLVP¿EURF\VWLFEUHDVWV adverse reactions. male infertility or erectile dysfunction. Pregnancy, lactation, &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV 8VHFDXWLRQZLWK0$2,V665,VQDUFRWLFV and when on dialysis. & reserpine, history of mania, bleeding disorder, diabetes, Max Weekly Dosing: 125 ml (1:1, 40%) HTN, liver disease, seizure disorder, and thyroid disease. 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ$OOHUJLFUHDFWLRQWR$VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\ *XDLDFXPRIÀFLQDOLV Max Weekly Dosing: 80 ml (1:5, 40%) Safety/Toxicity: SSx: GIT upset Contraindications: Pregnancy, lactation & kidney stones. Iris versicolor Use caution with gastritis & peptic ulcers, and in allergic & Safety/Toxicity: Fresh root can cause burning sensation in LQÀDPPDWRU\FRQGLWLRQV WKHPRXWKDQGWKURDW19'DEGRPLQDOEXUQLQJGLI¿FXOW Max Weekly Dosing: 80 ml (1:5, 90%) breathing, colic and rectal heat, and gastroenteritis resulting Append in death. Hamamelis virginicus Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation Use caution in Safety/Toxicity: SSx: GIT upset Caustic & Hepatotoxic weakened constitutions Contraindications: Internal Use Max Weekly Dosing: 60 ml (1L5, 40%) Max Weekly Dosing: Topical use only 372 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Toxicology CIs & Safe Dosing Juniperus communis &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $YRLGLQKLVWRU\RIDUUK\WKPLDDFXWH Safety/Toxicity: Long-term use may irritate the kidneys DVWKPDK\SHUWHQVLRQDFXWHLQIHFWLRQVDQG$'+'8VH (albuminuria) and may be neurotoxic. Topically may cause FDXWLRQZLWKDFXWHLQIHFWLRQDQGLQÀDPPDWRU\GLVHDVHVLQ EXUQLQJHU\WKHPDDQGLQÀDPPDWLRQ hyper tense people and in children. &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $FXWHNLGQH\LQIHFWLRQVRUGLVHDVH QHSKUL- Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:5, 60%) tis & nephrosis) Pregnancy & lactation Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:5. 40%) Petasites hybridus Safety/Toxicity: Possible adverse reactions include CNS Juglans nigra & endocrine disturbance (may decrease testosterone), Safety/Toxicity: SSx: N/V/D, watery catharsis, allergic reac- GHUPDWLWLV*,7XSVHWDQGGLI¿FXOWEUHDWKLQJ XULQDWLRQ tions and genetic mutation with long-term use. External Hepatotoxic & carcinogenic compounds shown to cause application may cause dermatitis hepatoveno-occlusive disease when taken internally at high Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation L/T use Chronic doses or with long-term use. GIT conditions &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $YRLG,QWHUQDOXVHLQOLYHUGLVHDVHORQJ Max Weekly Dosing: 15 ml (1:5. 25%) WHUPXVHDQGZLWKDOOHUJ\WR$VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\3UHJQDQF\ & lactation, or in infants. Use caution when drowsiness or Lactuca virosa VHGDWLRQFRXOGSRVHDGDQJHUDQGLQKLVWRU\RI+71$&7+ Safety/Toxicity: SSx: stupor, depressed breathing and or testosterone imbalance. overdose can cause coma/death. Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:5, 25%) &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ$OOHUJLFUHDFWLRQWR $VWHUDFHDHIDPLO\ Phytolacca decandra/americana Max Weekly Dosing: 60 ml (1:1, 25%) Safety/Toxicity: Toxicity effects the brain medulla causing paralysis, bradycardia, decreased respiration, and de- /REHOLDLQÁDWD creased skeletal muscle coordination. SSx: N/V/D, stom- Safety/Toxicity: SSx: burning esophagus, salivation, ach cramps, dizziness, hypotension, decreased respiration, N/V, weakness, stupor, tremors, paralysis, tachypnea, headaches, and may cause blood cell abnormalities. hypothermia, rapid pulse, pinpoint pupils, unconsciousness, Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation. Kidney disease, convulsions, coma, exhaustion, sweating, prostration, miosis, DFXWH*,7LQÀDPPDWLRQDQGO\PSKRF\WLFOHXNHPLD and death. Max Weekly Dosing: 10 ml (1:10, 40%) Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation Use caution in dys- pnea (especially when due to a weakened heart or valvular Piper methysticum incompetence), anxiety, shock or paralysis; heart disease, Safety/Toxicity: SSx: drowsiness, dermatitis, CNS distur- pneumonia or pleural effusion, hypertension, low vitality, or EDQFHDQG*,7XSVHW$FXWHWR[LFLW\PD\FDXVHVWXSRU tobacco sensitivity. pupillary dilation and motor disturbances. Monitor for Max Weekly Dosing: 35 ml (1:8, 60%) hepatotoxicity. Contraindications: Use caution in liver disease, Parkinson’s, Medicago sativa the elderly, with strong anxiety/depression, or when drowsi- 6DIHW\7R[LFLW\ $OOHUJLFUHDFWLRQVVXFKDVGHUPDWLWLVDQG ness or sedation could pose a danger. potential for autoimmune aggravations. May cause GIT Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:2, 40%) upset (abdominal pain and diarrhea), stimulate thyroid activity, and have hypoglycemic effects. Piscidia erythrina Contraindications: In SLE may experience potential exacerba- Safety/Toxicity: High doses may cause bradycardia, hypo- tion from chronic consumption. Theoretically be avoided in tension, nausea, vomiting, numbness, tremor, sweating, pregnancy & lactation. headache, paralysis and death. Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:5, 40%) Contraindications: Pregnancy, lactation, children and the HOGHUO\8VHFDXWLRQLQ&9'DQGFDUGLDFLQVXI¿FLHQF\ 0HOLVVDRIÀFLQDOLV Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:2, 60%) Safety/Toxicity: None expected. May cause sleepiness. Contraindications: Hypothyroidism. Podophyllum pelatum Max Weekly Dosing: 125 (1:2, 40%) Safety/Toxicity: Large doses can cause violent emesis & catharsis, gastritis and enteritis, and potentially death. Mentha piperita Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation Safety/Toxicity: SSx: GIT burning and irritation, and may Max Weekly Dosing: 3.5 ml (1:10, 65%) exacerbate GERD and dyspepsia in some individuals. &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $YRLGWRSLFDODSSOLFDWLRQRIRLOWREURNHQ Populus spp. skin Use caution in history of GERD, bile duct obstruction, Safety/Toxicity: Potential ototoxic effect by inhibiting prestin, gallstones, hiatal hernia, and liver disease. Internal use of oil LQGXFLQJWUDQVLHQWKHDULQJORVVLQ]LQFGH¿FLHQWLQGLYLGXDOV in pregnancy & lactation Salicylism toxicity symptoms: mild N/V, abdominal pain, Max Weekly Dosing: 60 ml (1:5, 25%) lethargy, tinnitus, and dizziness. &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $OOHUJ\WRVDOLF\ODWHVRUDVSLULQ8VH Panax ginseng caution in asthma (possible bronchospastic effects), and Safety/Toxicity: Overdose can cause palpitations, insomnia, in children. chest pain, vomiting, headaches and epistaxis. Possible ad- Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:5, 40%) verse reactions include allergic reaction, CNS, cardiovascular, and endocrine disturbances. Death reports exist. Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 373 Toxicology CIs & Safe Dosing Quercus spp. Rumex crispus Safety/Toxicity: Large and/or long-term dosing may cause 6DIHW\7R[LFLW\ 66[ DJJUDYDWLRQRILQÀDPPDWRU\VNLQ gastric irritation and kidney stress. disorders, N/V/D and gastric irritation. Hypokalemia may Contraindications: Use caution in cases of constipation, iron occur with long-term use. GH¿FLHQF\DQGPDOQXWULWLRQ$YRLGWRSLFDOO\DSSOLFDWLRQRYHU &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $OODQWKUDTXLQRQHULFKKHUE&,VDSSO\ HJ large or open wounds. 3UHJQDQF\SURORQJHGXVHDFXWHLQÀDPPDWRU\ERZHOGLVHDVH Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:5, 40%) etc.), however is generally gentler and less extreme in it’s effects when compared to other laxative herbs. Use caution 5DXZROÀDVHUSHQWLQD in gout and predisposition to kidney stones due to oxalates. Safety/Toxicity: SSx: sedation, depression, nightmares, Max Weekly Dosing: 60 ml (1:5. 25%) abdominal cramps, diarrhea, gastrointestinal ulceration & KHPRUUKDJHZDWHUUHWHQWLRQQDVDOFRQJHVWLRQÀXVKLQJRI Salix spp. the skin, pinpoint pupils, hypotension, bradycardia, vertigo, Safety/Toxicity: Potential ototoxic effect by inhibiting prestin, stupor, convulsions & tremors, respiratory depression and LQGXFLQJWUDQVLHQWKHDULQJORVVLQ]LQFGH¿FLHQWLQGLYLGXDOV coma. Salicylism toxicity symptoms: mild N/V, abdominal pain, Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation Depression, lethargy, tinnitus, and dizziness. peptic ulcers & hyperprolactinemia. &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $YRLGLQFKLOGUHQZLWKWKHÀXGXHWR5H\H¶V Max Weekly Dosing: 10 ml (1:5, 40%) syndrome (theoretical). Those with known hypersensitivity to aspirin or salicylates may experience rare reaction causing Rhamnus purshiana urticaria, rhinitis, asthma & bronchial spasm. Safety/Toxicity: SSx: acute intestinal pain & cramping Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:5, 25%) Recurrent use can lead to electrolyte imbalances (hypo- kalemia), dehydration, and muscle & kidney destruction Sanguinaria canadensis (hematuria & albuminuria), and may predispose to colon Safety/Toxicity: SSx: N/V/D cancer (mutagenic) &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV 3UHJQDQF\ ODFWDWLRQ$YRLGLQVHQVLWLYH Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation L/T Use (> 10 or irritated mucous membranes. days), intestinal obstruction, spastic constipation, acute Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:5, 40%) LQWHVWLQDOLQÀDPPDWLRQDEGRPLQDOSDLQRIXQNQRZQRULJLQ and children <12 years old. 6PLOD[RIÀFLQDOLV Max Weekly Dosing: 20 ml (1:5, 40%), Safety/Toxicity: SSx: GIT upset & irritation, and long-term use may cause ulceration of GI mucosa and temporary kidney Rheum palmatum impairment. Safety/Toxicity: SSx: diarrhea with griping, icterus and Contraindications: None reported. Pregnancy & lactation KHSDWLFHQODUJHPHQWUHQDOLQVXI¿FLHQF\DQGSURWHLQXULD (controversial) Recurrent use can lead to electrolyte imbalances (hypo- Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:5, 40%) kalemia), dehydration, and muscle & kidney destruction (hematuria & albuminuria), and may predispose to colon 6\PSK\WXPRIÀFLQDOLV cancer (mutagenic) Safety/Toxicity: Veno-occlusive disease of the liver (one Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation L/T Use (> 10 documented human case and in rats) when taken internally days), intestinal obstruction, spastic constipation, acute using isolated plant compounds. LQWHVWLQDOLQÀDPPDWLRQDEGRPLQDOSDLQRIXQNQRZQRULJLQ Contraindications: Long-term use. Internal use in liver and children <12 years old. Use caution in fever and with disease, pregnancy & lactation, or in infants. Use on dirty kidney stones. skin or deep wounds (surface may heal too fast trapping dirt Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:5, 40%) and pus). Max Weekly Dosing: 80 ml (1:5, 25%) Rhodiola rosea Safety/Toxicity: May cause agitation, especially in those 7DUD[DFXPRIÀFLQDOLV prone to anxiety. 6DIHW\7R[LFLW\ 66[ G\VSHSVLDÀDWXOHQFH*,7SDLQ GLDU- Contraindications: Use caution in bipolar conditions, rhea. Generally very safe, however case reports of allergic especially with a tendency towards mania. reactions and anaphylaxis to ingested bee pollen containing Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:5, 40%) dandelion pollen exist. &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $YRLGLQNQRZQDOOHUJ\WR$VWHUDFHDHIDP- Ricinis communis LO\8VHFDXWLRQLQZHDNRULQÀDPHGGLJHVWLYHRUJDQVELOLDU\ Safety/Toxicity: SSx: initially burning of mouth and throat, obstruction, gallstones, and renal disorders (may increase thirst, vomiting, stomach pain, dull weak rapid pulse, potassium & alter electrolytes). uremia, diarrhea, colic. Later headache, dizziness, dullness Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:5, 40%) of vision, depression, liver & kidney damage, retinal, scleral or CNS hemorrhage, trembling, weakness, convulsions Tilia europea and death. Safety/Toxicity: Long-term high dosing may have cardio-toxic Contraindications: Internal use (except as a partufacient to HIIHFWV$OOHUJLFVHQVLWLYLW\LQVRPHLQGLYLGXDOV Append induce labour) Contraindications: Use caution in cardiac disorders. Max Weekly Dosing: Topical use only Max Weekly Dosing: 80 ml (1:5, 25%) 374 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Toxicology CIs & Safe Dosing Thuja occidentalis $YRLGLQFRQGLWLRQVZKHUHVHGDWLRQFRXOGSRVHDGDQJHU Safety/Toxicity: Neurotoxic in high doses SSx: gastroenteritis, Use caution in history of cardiovascular disease headaches, paralysis, decreased coordination, & hallucina- Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:5, 60%) tions (reversible) Contraindications: Pregnancy & Lactation L/T Use Use cau- 9HUEHQDRIÀFLQDOLV tion with seizure disorders Safety/Toxicity: SSx: GIT upset (N/V), convulsions and Max Weekly Dosing: 60 ml week (1:5, 90%), Pulse-dosing stupor. required Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation (controversial) Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:5, 25%) Thymus vulgaris Safety/Toxicity: Topical use may cause dermatitis & mucous Viburnum opulus membrane irritation. Internal use of essential oil may cause Safety/Toxicity: Potential ototoxic effect by inhibiting prestin, headache, vomiting, painful diarrhea, tinnitus, kidney damage, LQGXFLQJWUDQVLHQWKHDULQJORVVLQ]LQFGH¿FLHQWLQGLYLGXDOV dizziness, convulsions, respiratory paralysis and death. Salicylism toxicity symptoms: mild N/V, abdominal pain, Contraindications: Pregnancy (above culinary amounts) lethargy, tinnitus, and dizziness. Internal use of essential oil Use caution hypothyroid and &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $YRLGLQFKLOGUHQZLWKWKHÀXGXHWR DFXWHUHQDO*,7RU*,7LQÀDPPDWLRQ Reye’s syndrome (theoretical). Those with known hyper- Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:5, 40%) sensitivity to aspirin or salicylates may experience rare reac- tion causing urticaria, rhinitis, asthma & bronchial spasm. Trigonella foenum-graecum Max Weekly Dosing: 80 ml (1:2, 25%) 6DIHW\7R[LFLW\ 66[ GLJHVWLYHXSVHW GLDUUKHD ÀDWXOHQFH sweet urine odor and body odour. Topical use may cause Viburnum prunifolium dermatitis. Safety/Toxicity: Potential ototoxic effect by inhibiting prestin, Contraindications: Use caution in anemia and hypothyroidism. LQGXFLQJWUDQVLHQWKHDULQJORVVLQ]LQFGH¿FLHQWLQGLYLGXDOV Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:5, 25%) Salicylism toxicity symptoms: mild N/V, abdominal pain, lethargy, tinnitus, and dizziness. Turnera diffusa &RQWUDLQGLFDWLRQV $YRLGLQFKLOGUHQZLWKWKHÀXGXHWR Safety/Toxicity: SSx: GIT upset, headache, insomnia, halluci- Reye’s syndrome (theoretical). Those with known hyper- nations, and urethral irritation. One report exists of inducing sensitivity to aspirin or salicylates may experience rare reac- tetanus-like convulsions. tion causing urticaria, rhinitis, asthma & bronchial spasm. Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation (controversial) Use Use caution in kidney stones caution in acute renal or bladder irritation, hormone-sensitive Max Weekly Dosing: 30 ml (1:2, 60%) condition, psychiatric or mood disorder, and in situations where CNS impairment could pose a danger. Vitex agnus-castus Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:5, 60%) Safety/Toxicity: SSx: allergic reactions, formication, CNS disturbance (dizziness, vertigo, headache), tachycardia, and Tussilago farfara GIT upset. In high doses can inhibit all aspects of anterior Safety/Toxicity: SSx: hypertension, anorexia, lethargy, and pituitary function GIT upset. Potential hepatotoxicity & veno-occlusive disease Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation (controversial) of the liver when taken internally. Use caution in hormone sensitive disorders, estrogen- Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation, or in infants. Use dependent cancers, seizure disorders, Parkinson’s, and caution in liver disease. history of tachycardia. Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:5, 25%) , Pulse-dosing required Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:1. 25%) Urtica dioica Withania somnifera Safety/Toxicity: Hypersensitivity or allergic ssx: are pharyngeal Safety/Toxicity: SSx: GIT upset constriction, aggravation of sinusitis & rhinitis. Fresh leaves Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation (controversial) are caustic topically. Root may cause digestive upset. Use caution in acute sexual anxiety Contraindications: Use caution with edema due to heart or Max Weekly Dosing: 90 ml (1:2. 25%) kidney dysfunction, history of bleeding disorder, and monitor electrolyte imbalances especially in the elderly. =LQJLEHURIÀFLQDOLV Max Weekly Dosing: 100 ml (1:5, 25%) Safety/Toxicity: SSx: heartburn, and GIT upset. Topically may cause contact dermatitis & photosensitivity. Vaccinium myrtillus Contraindications: Use caution gastric irritations (e.g. ulcers Safety/Toxicity: May cause hypotension, changes in blood & GERD), gallstones, kidney disease, bleeding disorders sugar & GIT upset (e.g. heartburn, nausea, diarrhea). DQGWHQGHQF\WRKHPRUUKDJH$YRLGSUHRSHUDWLYHO\3UHJ- Contraindications: Use caution in hemorrhagic disorders, nancy & lactation about culinary amounts (controversial) hypotension & hypoglycemia. Max Weekly Dosing: 60 ml (1:5, 90%) Max Weekly Dosing: 40 ml (1:1, 25%) 9DOHULDQDRIÀFLQDOLV Safety/Toxicity: SSx: CNS disturbances including excitability & agitation, insomnia, headache, and cardiac disturbances, and GIT upset. Potential for allergic hypersensitivity reaction. Contraindications: Pregnancy & lactation (controversial) Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 375 Herbs in Pregnancy Though most herbs are relatively harmless, considering General Guide for Prescribing Herbs in Pregnancy the highly reactive state of pregnancy and the fact that • Do not prescribe an herb to a pregnant woman unless fetal growth can manifest pharmacokinetics very differ- familiar with its use ently than for an adult caution in their use is warranted, • Generally avoid toxic herbs and emmenagogues especially when using herbs with marked endocrine, • Essential oils (with some exceptions) should not be autonomic or vascular effects. taken orally • .HHSDOOPHGLFLQHWRDPLQLPXPHVSHFLDOO\LQWKH¿UVW Various herbal authorities or texts list herbs that should trimester (most miscarriages occur in this period & not be taken during pregnancy, however there is often exposure to teratogens from 17 to 70 days can cause not good agreement from one source to another and major birth defects) prohibitions exist based on inaccurate or inconsisten- • Be particularly cautious where there is a history of cies in the available information. Some reasons for PLVFDUULDJHRUGLI¿FXOWFRQFHSWLRQ this are: • Exercise appropriate care if a patient is attempting to • Using dated information based on inaccuracies or fall pregnant perpetuation of conclusions based on dated or poor • 8QWLOWKHUHLVPRUHKXPDQGDWDLQWDNHRILVRÀDYRQHV UHVHDUFKDQGRURQHDXWKRULW\LQÀXHQFLQJ during pregnancy should not exceed typical dietary • $KLJKO\FRQVHUYDWLYHDSSURDFKZKLFKUHFRJQL]HV exposure. little value in current herbal practice • $YRLGNQRZQ VXVSHFWHGWHUDWRJHQVLQFOXGLQJ • $Q\DQLPDORULQYLWURVWXG\RQKHUEVRU Veratrum, Conium, Datura, Ferula, Prunus, Sorghum, constituents which might be remotely construed Solanum, & Senecio species. to have a negative effect is taken as evidence for • Preferable to use tablets, teas or capsules vs. contraindication, or literature reports of harm where tinctures. a woman was actually trying to procure an abortion • If tinctures are prescribed: and failed • Doses should be taken with meals • Little credibility given to clinical studies • Maximum single dose should be 5 mL The primary risks associated with using herbs during • Maximum daily dose should be 15 mL (preferable pregnancy include: dose is 10 mL) • Increased risk of miscarriage (emmenagogues/ • Repeat doses should be separated by at least 2 abortifacients) hours • Toxicity to the mother • NO OTHER alcohol should be consumed • Toxicity to the child (fetotoxicity) • Developmental malformations (teratogenesis) & Herbs Contraindicated in Pregnancy health effects on the child (both short and long term) Achillea millefolium Iris versicolor • Puerpural or post partum complications Aconitum napellus Juglans nigra Actaea racemosa Juniperus communis )'$&ODVVLÀFDWLRQ Aesculus hippocastanum Lactuca virosa Angelica sinensis Leonurus cardiaca A Controlled studies in pregnant women do not show Apium graveolens /REHOLDLQÀDWD ULVNWRWKHIHWXVLQWKH¿UVWWULPHVWHU Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Lycopus virginicus Arnica montana Panax ginseng* B$QLPDOUHSURGXFWLRQVWXGLHVGRQRWVKRZULVNWRWKH Artemisia absinthium Petroselinum crispus fetus but there are no controlled studies in pregnant Artemisia vulgaris Phytolacca decandra/americana Atropa belladonna Piscidia erythrina women Baptisia tinctoria Podophyllum pelatum Berberis aquifolium 5DXZRO¿DVHUSHQWLQD C Studies in animals show adverse effects on the fetus %RUDJRRI¿FLQDOLV Rhamnus purshiana//frangula but there are no controlled studies in women Bryonia alba/dioica Rheum palmatum Cassia angustifolia Ricinis communis D There is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but Caulophyllum thalictroides Rumex crispus EHQH¿WVIURPXVHLQSUHJQDQWZRPHQPD\EHDF- Centella asiatica 6DOYLDRI¿FLQDOLV ceptable despite the risk Commiphora molmol Sanguinaria canadensis Convalleria majalis Schisandra chinensis X Studies in animals or human beings show fetal Cytisus scoparius 6PLOD[RI¿FLQDOLV Damiana turnera 6\PSK\WXPRI¿FLQDOLV abnormalities and the risk of the use of the drug in Datura stramonium Thuja occidentalis pregnant women clearly outweighs any possible Ephedra sinica Turnera diffusa EHQH¿WV Eschscholzia californica Tussilago farfara Gaultheria procumbens 9DOHULDQDRI¿FLQDOLV Append 'UXJVLQFDWHJRULHV$WR'DUHZLGHO\SUHVFULEHGGXULQJ Gelsemium sempervirens Viscum album Gentiana lutea Vinca minor pregnancy, only category X is contraindicated in *XDLDFXPRI¿FLQDOLV Withania somnifera pregnancy Hydrastis canadensis Zanthoxylum americanum Harpagophytum procumbens Hyoscyamus niger Inula helenium 376 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbs in Pediatrics Nearly all herbs are safe to use in children as the long Great herbal options for children that are safe to as the dose it adjusted appropriately by either age or use in some commonly encoutered conditions are weight. There are several universally accepted pharma- included below: cologia rules that apply when calculating herbal doses for pediatric cases. Colds & Flus • Echinacea spp. (Echinacea) Children are considered < 12 years old • Sambucus nigra (Elderberry) 'RVDJHFDOFXODWLRQE\$JH • Thymus vulgaris (Thyme) • Young’s Rule EDVHGRQDJHLQ\HDUV $JHLQ\HDUV • Cinnamomum spp. (Cinnamon) x adult dose, divided by age + 12 = child’s dose • Nepeta cataria (Catnip) • Fried’s/Fred’s Rule EDVHGRQDJHLQPRQWKV $JH • Salix alba (Willow) in months divided by 150 months x by adult dose = • Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) child’s dose • .LQJ·V5XOH (child < 6 months): 1/15th of adult dose Eczema = child’s dose • Urtica dioica (Nettles) • Calendula off. (Marigold) Adjusting Dosage by Age • Stellaria media (Chickweed) When the adult dose is one teaspoonful or 60 drops: • Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) < 3 months 2 drops • Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) 3 - 6 months 3 drops • Echinacea spp. (Echinacea) 6 - 9 months 4 drops 9 - 12 months 5 drops Otitis (Ear ache) 12 - 18 months 7 drops • Echinacea spp. (Echinacea) 18 - 24 months 8 drops • Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) 2 - 3 years 10 drops • Baptisia tinctoria (Wild Indigo) 3 - 4 years 12 drops • Euphrasia off. (Eyebright) 4 - 6 years 15 drops • Galium aparine (Cleavers) 6 - 9 years 24 drops • Sambucus nigra (Elderberry) 9 - 12 years 30 drops Digestive Upset • Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) 'RVDJHFDOFXODWLRQE\ZHLJKW • 0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV /HPRQ%DOP • Verbena off. (Verbena) Clark’s Rule (ages 2-17): Weight of child in pounds • Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) divided by 150 lb. = % of adult dose • Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) For example: if the adult dosage calls for 30 mg and the • $OWKHDRI¿FLQDOLV 0DUVKPDOORZ child weighs 30 lb divide the weight by 150 (30/150) to • Mentha piperita (Peppermint) get 1/5. Multiply 1/5 x 30 mg to get 6 mg. • Angelica archangelica (Angelica) Weight in pounds x adult dose = child dose • 7DUD[DFXPRI¿FLQDOLV 'DQGHOLRQ 150 • Linum usitatissimum (Flaxseed) %RQH·V5XOH Divide child’s weight in Kg by 60 Kg = % Sleep disturbance of adult dose • Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) 0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV /HPRQ%DOP $XVEHUJHU·V5XOH 1.5 x child’s weight in kg +10 is the • /DYDQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV /DYHQGHU percentage of the adult dose for a child • • Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) 3UHIHUUHGUHPHGLHVIRU&KLOGUHQLQFOXGH • Teas (taken hot, cold, or frozen into popsicles) Teething • Vinegars • Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) • Tinctures (low % alcohol rarely causes problems) • 0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV /HPRQ%DOP • Glycerites & syrups may help improve taste & • Nepeta cataria (Cat nip) improve compliance • /DYDQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV /DYHQGHU • Topical applications: massage oils, herbal wraps & • Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) baths, poultices, inhalations • Powdered extracts can be added to applesauce, puddings & oatmeal Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 377 NPLEX & Board Exam Herb List Achillea millefolium Eupatorium purpurum Prunus serotina Aconitum napellus (XSKUDVLDRI¿FLQDOLV Prunus (Pygeum) africanum Actea racemosa Aesculus hippocastanum Foeniculum vulgare Quercus rubra Allium cepa Fucus vesiculosis Allium sativum 5DXZRO¿DVHUSHQWLQD Aloe barbadensis Galium aparine Rhamnus frangula $OWKDHDRI¿FLQDOLV Ganoderma lucidum Rhamnus purshiana (Frangula Anemone pulsatilla Gelsemium sempervirens purshiana) Angelica archangelica Gentiana lutea Rhodiola rosea Angelica sinensis Geranium maculatum Ricinis communis Arctium lappa Ginkgo biloba 5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLV Arctostaphylos uva ursi Glycyrrhiza glabra Rubus idaeus Artemisia (annua) Asclepius tuberosa Grindelia robusta Rumex crispus Aspidosperma quebracho Gymnema sylvestre Astragalus membranaceus Salix alba Atropa belladonna Hamamelis virginiana 6DOYLDRI¿FLQDOLV Avena sativa Harpagophytum procumbens Sambucus nigra Humulus lupulus Sanguinaria canadensis Baptisia tinctoria Hydrangea arborescens Schizandra chinensis Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolium Hydrastis canadensis Scutellaria baicalensis Berberis vulgaris Hyoscyamus niger 6FXWHOODULDODWHULÀRUD %RUDJRRI¿FLQDOLV Hypericum perforatum 6HOHQLFHUHXV &DFWXV JUDQGLÀRUXV Boswellia serrata Serenoa repens Bryonia alba / dioica Inula helenium Silybum marianum Iris versicolor Smilax spp. &DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV Solidago spp. Camellia sinensis Juglans nigra 6\PSK\WXPRI¿FLQDOH Cannabis sativa Juniperus communis Capsella bursa-pastoris Tanacetum parthenium Capsicum frutescens Larrea tridentata Tanacetum vulgare Cassia spp. Leonurus cardiaca 7DUD[DFXPRI¿FLQDOH Caulophyllum thalictroides Leptandra virginica (Veronicastrum Theobroma cacao Ceanothus americanus virginicum) Thuja occidentalis Centella asiatica Ligusticum porteri Thymus vulgaris Chamaelirium luteum Ligustrum lucidum Tilea europa Chelidonium majus Linum usitatissimum Tribulus terrestris Chionanthus virginicus /REHOLDLQÀDWD Trifolium pratense Cineraria maritima Lomatium dissectum Tussilago farfara Cinnamomum zeylanicum Lycopus virginicus Coleus forskohlii Ulmus rubra (fulva) Commiphora mukul Matricaria chamomilla (Matricaria Urtica dioica Commiphora myrrha/molmol recutita) Usnea barbata Convallaria majalis Medicago sativa Cordyceps sinensis Melaleuca alternifolia Vaccinium myrtillus Corydalis ambigua and spp. 0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV 9DOHULDQDRI¿FLQDOLV Crataegus oxyacantha Mentha piperita Veratrum alba (viride) Curcuma longa Mitchella repens Verbascum thapsus Cynara scolymus Momordica charantia 9HUEHQDRI¿FLQDOLV Viburnum opulus Datura stramonium Olea europea Viburnum prunifolium Digitalis purpurea Vinca major/minor Dioscorea villosa Panax ginseng Viscum album Panax quinquefolium 9LVFXP3KRUDGHQGURQÀDYHVFHQV Echinacea (angustifolia, pallida, purpurea) 3DVVLÀRUDLQFDUQDWD Vitex agnus-castus Eleutherococcus senticosus Pausinystalia yohimbe Append Ephedra sinica Phytolacca americana Withania somnifera Equisetum arvense Piper methysticum Eschscholzia californica Piscidia erythrina (Piscidia piscipula) =LQJLEHURI¿FLQDOH Eucalyptus globulus Plantago major Eupatorium perfoliatum Podophyllum peltatum 378 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbs by Family Apiaceae/Umbelliferae (carrot Brassicaceae/Cruciferae (the cab- Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) family) bage family) Sanguinarea canadensis (blood root) Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepard’s $QJHOLFDDUFKDQJHOLFD purse) $QJHOLFDVLQHQVLV GRQJTXDL Brassica alba/nigra (white/black Ranunculaceae (buttercup family) $SLXPJUDYHROHQV FHOHU\ mustard) Bupleurum chinensis (Chinese $QHPRQHSXOVDWLOOD SDVTXHÀRZHU thorowax) Fabaceae/Leguminosae (pea family) $FRQLWXPQDSHOOXV PRQNVKRRG Centella asiatica (gotu kola) $FWDHDUDFHPRVD EODFNFRKRVK Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) $VWUDJDOXVPHPEUDQDFHXV DVWUDJDOXV Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal) Ligusticum porteri (osha) Baptisia tinctoria (wild indigo) Lomatium dissectum (Lomatium) Cassia angustifolia (senna) Rosaceae (rose family) Petroselinum crispum (parsley) Cytisus scoparius (scotch broom) Pimpinella anisum (anise) *DOHJDRI¿FLQDOLV JRDW¶VUXH $OFKHPLOODYXOJDULV ODG\¶VPDQWOH Glycine max (soybean) Crataegus oxyacantha (hawthorne) Araliaceae (ginseng family) Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) Filipendula ulmaria (meadowsweet) Medicago sativa (alfalfa) Prunus africanum (pygeum) Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian 0HOLORWXVRI¿FLQDOLV VZHHWFORYHU Prunus serotina (wild cherry) ginseng) Piscidia erythrina (jamaican dogwood) 5RVDFDQLQD URVHKLSV ÀRZHU Oplopanax horridum (devil’s club) Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenu- Rubus idaeus (raspberry) Panax ginseng (Chinese/Korean greek) ginseng) Trifolium pratense (red clover) Rubiaceae (coffee family) 3DQD[TXLQTXHIROLXV $PHULFDQ ginseng) Cephaelis ipecacuanha (ipecac) Lamiaceae (mint family) Cinchona spp. (Peruvian bark) $VWHUDFHDH&RPSRVLWDH VXQÁRZHU Coffea arabica (Coffee) family) Coleus forskohlii (Coleus) Galium aparine (cleavers) +\VVRSXVRI¿FLQDOLV K\VVRS Mitchella repens (partridge berry) $FKLOOHDPLOOHIROLXP \DUURZ /DYHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV ODYHQGHU Pausinystalia yohimbe (yohimbe) $UFWLXPODSSD EXUGRFN Leonurus cardiaca (motherwort) $UQLFDPRQWDQD DUQLFD Lycopus virginicus (bugleweed) Scrophulariaceae (foxglove $UWHPLVLDDEVLQWKLXP ZRUPZRRG 0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV OHPRQEDOP family) $UWHPLVLDDQQXD VZHHWDQQLH Mentha piperita (peppermint) $UWHPLVLDYXOJDULV PXJZRUW Nepeta cataria (catnip) Digitalis purpurea (foxglove) &DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV PDULJROG Origanum vulgare (oregano) (XSKUDVLDRI¿FLQDOLV H\HEULJKW Cynara scolymus (artichoke) 5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLV URVHPDU\ Rhemannia glutinosa (chinese Echinacea sp. (echinacea) 6DOYLDRI¿FLQDOLV VDJH foxglove) Eupatorium perfoliatum (boneset) 6FXWHOODULDODWHULÀRUD VNXOOFDS Verbascum thapsus (mullein) Eupatorium purpureum (gravel root) 6WDFK\VRI¿FLQDOLV ZRRGEHWRQ\ Inula helenium (elecampane) Thymus vulgaris (thyme) Solanaceae (nightshade family) Lactuca virosa (wild lettuce) Matricaria recutita (chamomile) Liliaceae (lily family) $WURSDEHOODGRQQD GHDGO\QLJKW- Silybum marianum (milk thistle) shade) Solidago virgaurea (goldenrod) $OOLXPFHSD RQLRQ Capsicum frutescens (cayenne) Tanacetum vulgare (tansy) $OOLXPVDWLYXP JDUOLF Datura stramonium(jimson weed) Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) $ORHEDUEDGHQVLV DORH Hyoscyamus niger (henbane) 7DUD[DFXPRI¿FLQDOLV GDQGHOLRQ Chamaelirium luteum (false unicorn Withania somnifera (ashwaghanda) Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot) root) Convallaria majalis (lily of the valley) Zingiberaceae Boraginaceae (borage family) Ruscus aculeatus (butcher’s broom) 6PLOD[RI¿FLQDOLV VDUVDSDULOOD Curcuma longa (turmeric) %RUDJRRI¿FLQDOLV ERUDJH =LQJLEHURI¿FLQDOLV JLQJHU 6\PSK\WXPRI¿FLQDOLV FRPIUH\ Paveraceae (poppy family) Chelidonium majus (greater celandine) Corydalis spp. Eschscholzia californica (california poppy) Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 379 Nutrient/Nutrient Interactions Nutrient Nutrient Interaction Magnesium +LJKGRVHVĻFDOFLXPDEVRUSWLRQGH¿FLHQF\SURGXFHV hypocalcemia Phosphorus +LJKLQWDNHV !JG ĹXULQDU\FDOFLXPH[FUHWLRQ Calcium Protein +LJKLQWDNHVĹXULQDU\FDOFLXPH[FUHWLRQ Sodium ĹXULQDU\FDOFLXPH[FUHWLRQ Vitamin D 3URPRWHVFDOFLXPDEVRUSWLRQĻXULQDU\H[FUHWLRQ Calcium +LJKGRVHVRIFDOFLXPFDUERQDWHĻFKURPLXPDEVRUSWLRQ Chromium Iron ,URQGH¿FLHQF\HQKDQFHVFKURPLXPDEVRUSWLRQ B12 'H¿FLHQF\LPSDLUVIRODWHXWLOL]DWLRQ PHWDEROLVP Folic Acid Niacin 'H¿FLHQF\ĻDFWLYDWLRQRIIRODWH Vitamin C 0DLQWDLQVERG\VWRUHVRIIRODWHĻXULQHH[FUHWLRQ Calcium ĻDEVRUSWLRQRIKHPH QRQKHPHLURQ Copper +LJKGRVHVĻDEVRUSWLRQ Manganese ĻDEVRUSWLRQ Iron 9LWDPLQ$ 'H¿FLHQF\LPSDLUVPRELOL]DWLRQ XWLOL]DWLRQRIERG\LURQ SODVPD levels of iron drop Vitamin C 6KDUSO\ĹDEVRUSWLRQRILURQ RYHUFRPHLQKLELWLRQRILURQ absorption by phenols & phytates Calcium +LJKGRVHVĻPDJQHVLXPDEVRUSWLRQ Magnesium Iron, manganese ĻPDJQHVLXPDEVRUSWLRQ Tryptophan Precursor in niacin synthesis Niacin 5LERÀDYLQ% Essential cofactor in niacin synthesis from tryptophan Potassium Magnesium 'H¿FLHQF\ĹXULQDU\H[FUHWLRQ Magnesium 'H¿FLHQF\LPSDLUVDFWLYDWLRQRIWKLDPLQWR733 Thiamine Vitamin C Protects thiamin from in activation in GI tract )ROLF$FLG 'H¿FLHQF\ĻDEVRUSWLRQRIWKLDPLQ Vitamin C 0D\ĻYLWDPLQ$WR[LFLW\ Vitamin A Vitamin E (QKDQFHVDEVRUSWLRQXVH VWRUDJHRIYLWDPLQ$ Niacin Important in activation of vitamin B6 Vitamin B6 Zinc Important in conversion of B6 to active form Potassium ([WHQGHGUHOHDVHSRWDVVLXPÀXRULGHWDEOHWVĻ%DEVRUSWLRQ Vitamin B12 /DUJHGRVHVPD\KLGHKHPDWRORJLFVLJQVRIGH¿FLHQF\ Folic acid Vitamin C Iron /DUJHGRVHVĻEORRGOHYHOVWKURXJKR[LGDWLRQ Vitamin D Calcium Hypocalcemia stimulates vit. D conversion to active form Vitamin E Iron, Copper /DUJHGRVHVĹYLWDPLQ(UHTXLUHPHQWV Calcium High doses of calcium may impair vitamin K status Vitamin K Vitamin E !PJGPD\ĻYLWDPLQ.DEVRUSWLRQ Calcium +LJKGRVHVĻ]LQFDEVRUSWLRQ Copper, folic acid Ļ]LQFDEVRUSWLRQ Append Iron Zinc Enhance zinc absorption 9WLDPLQ$% 'H¿FLHQF\Ļ]LQFSODVPDOHYHOV PD\ZRUVHQ]LQFGH¿FLHQF\ Vitamin E 380 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Drug/Nutrient Interactions Medication Nutrient Interaction B & fat soluble vitamins ĻDEVRUSWLRQ LPSDLUVPHWDEROLVP Alcohol Magnesium ĹXULQDU\PDJQHVLXPH[FUHWLRQ Zinc Ļ]LQFDEVRUSWLRQ ĹXULQDU\H[FUHWLRQ B-vitamins, choline, vitamin Antacids $&FDOFLXPSKRVSKRUXV ĻYLWDPLQ PLQHUDODEVRUSWLRQ LURQ]LQFÀRXULGH Antibiotics Vitamin K, biotin ĻYLWDPLQSURGXFWLRQE\FRORQLFEDFWHULD $QWDJRQL]HVDFWLRQKLJKGRVHVRIYLWDPLQ.ĻDFWLYLW\ Vitamin K Anticoagulants of coumarins (warfarins) High doses of these vitamins may potentiate Vitamin E & C anticoagulant action Atropine Iron ĻLURQDEVRUSWLRQ Biotin, vitamin B6, B12, Impairs vitamin metabolism ULERÀDYLQIRODWHFDOFLXP ĻFDOFLXPDEVRUSWLRQ Barbiturates Vitamin D, K ĹYLWDPLQEUHDNGRZQ ELOLDU\H[FUHWLRQ Folate +LJKGRVHVPD\ĻDQWLFRQYXOVDQWHIIHFWV Beta-blockers Niacin High doses of niacin may enhance hypotensive action Cholesterol lowering 9LWDPLQ$'(. ĻYLWDPLQ PLQHUDODEVRUSWLRQ drugs Calcium Increased urinary calcium excretion Vitamin C ĹYLWDPLQ&WXUQRYHU XULQDU\H[FUHWLRQ Corticosteroids Vitamin D ĹYLWDPLQ'UHTXLUHPHQW Calcium, phosphorus ĻPLQHUDODEVRUSWLRQ ĹXULQDU\H[FUHWLRQ Digitalis Potassium, Magnesium ĹXULQDU\PLQHUDOH[FUHWLRQ Fiber Beta-carotene, zinc, ĻYLWDPLQ PLQHUDODEVRUSWLRQ (psyllium) ULERÀDYLQLURQ ĻYLWDPLQ PLQHUDODEVRUSWLRQGXHWRDFFHOHUDWHG Laxatives Most vitamin & minerals transit time L-dopa Vitamin B6 Ļ/GRSDDFWLYLW\ Folate ĻDEVRUSWLRQ LPSDLUVPHWDEROLVPKLJKGRVHVRI folate may antagonize effects Phenytoin Magnesium ĻVHUXPPDJQHVLXPOHYHOV Calcium ĻFDOFLXPDEVRUSWLRQ 9LWDPLQ$YLWDPLQ% ĻYLWDPLQFOHDUDQFH Vitamin C ĻYLWDPLQ&DEVRUSWLRQĻXSWDNHLQWROHXNRF\WHV SODVPDĹXULQDU\H[FUHWLRQ Salicylates Vitamin K Impairs vitamin K metabolism Iron ĹORVVIURPWKHGLJHVWLYHWUDFW Folate ĻVHUXPIRODWHOHYHOV Ĺ LQFUHDVHĻ GHFUHDVH6RXUFHV +DQGERRNRQ'UXJ 1XWULHQW,QWHUDFWLRQV1XWULWLRQDO$VVHVVPHQW&5&3UHVV 7KRPDV-$'UXJQXWULHQWLQWHUDFWLRQV1XWU5HY Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 381 Herb Drug Interactions Aesculus hippocastanum effects of recombinant interleukin-2, ZLWK0$2,VDQWLGLDEHWLFDJHQWV $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW interferon-1 and interferon-2 therapy. anti-arrhythmics, anti-hypertensives, activity (theoretical) DQG$&(LQKLELWRUV PD\LQFUHDVH With cardiac glycosides & pheno- Atropa belladonna cough even with topical applica- pyrazine may cause calf spasm, $QWLFKROLQHUJLFV WKHRUHWLFDO tions). IDWLJXHÀXVKLQJDQGSVHXGROXSXV Berberis aquifolium Cassia angustifolia Allium sativum Theoretically may delay the Due to dramatic decrease in transit $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW absorption of oral drugs if taken time may theoretically interfere with activity (theoretical) simultaneously. absorption of any drug when taken May potentiate insulin, hypogly- simultaneously. cemic, and cholesterol-lowering %RUDJRRIÀFLQDOLV $YRLGFRQFRPLWDQWXVHZLWKGUXJV agents (theoretical) $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW that cause hypokalemia including activity (seed oil, theoretical) cardiac glycosides, anti-arrhythmics, Aloe barbadensis Use caution with hepatotoxic dugs and some diuretics. Gel: potentiates hypoglycemic such as anabolic steroids, phenothi- HIIHFWRIJO\EXULGH DQWLLQÀDP- azines, and ketoconazole. Centella asiatica matory effects of hyrdrocortisone 0D\LQKLELWHI¿FDF\RIDQWLGLDEHWLF when applied externally. Boswellia serrata agents & anti-hyperlipidemics Latex: May aggravate potassium Theoretically may delay the May have additive effects with vaso- loss leading to increased toxicity absorption of oral drugs if taken dilators, CNS depressants, and alter of anti-arrhythmic drugs & cardiac simultaneously. HIIHFWVRI*$%$QHUJLFPHGLFDWLRQV glycosides, also thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids, and licorice due to Bupleurum falcatum Cinnamonum zeylanicum/verum excretion from laxative effects. 7KHRUHWLFDOLQWHUDFWLRQZLWK16$,'V Promotes gut motility and may inter- Due to decreases in transit time, & antibiotics (needs friendly bacteria fere with absorption of many drugs when either gel or latex is used to be most effective). when taken simultaneously. internally may interfere with ab- $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW sorption of food & medications. Camellia sinensis activity (theoretical) Theoretically may inhibit absorption $QWLGLDEHWLFDJHQWV PD\GHFUHDVH $OWKHDRIÀFLQDOLV of drugs and nutrients (eg. Iron & blood sugar) Theoretically may delay the Calcium) absorption of oral drugs if taken $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW Citrus aurantium simultaneously. activity (theoretical) :LWK&<3$VXEVWUDWHVPD\ Increased risk of caffeine toxicity increase effects through enterocyte Arctium lappa ZLWK&<3$VXEVWUDWHVFLPHWLGLQH concentrations. Theoretically may delay the GLVXO¿UDPHQR[DFLQ0$2,VHVWUR- $YRLGXVHZLWK0$2,VSKRWRVHQVLWL]- absorption of oral drugs if taken JHQV2&3VDOFRKROÀXFRQD]ROH ing agents and in hyperthyroidism simultaneously. furafyllline, isoniazid, ketoconazole, (theoretical). $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW macrolides, and lithium (when May increase adverse effects of activity (theoretical) DEUXSWO\VWRSSHG $PSKHWDPLQHV adrenergics, decongestants (eg. May decrease blood glucose with nicotine may increase CNS effects. Dextromethorphan), and warfarin. anti-diabetic agents, and potentiate May antagonize effects of barbitu- May inhibit effects of anti-adrenergic effects of diuretics rates and benzodiazepines . agents, anti-arrhythmics, and anti- 0D\LQFUHDVHOHYHOVRI&<3$ $QWLK\SHUJO\FHPLFV PD\LQFUHDVH hypertensives. substrates EORRGJOXFRVH $QWLK\SHUWHQVLYHV May increase levels of felodipine & (may increase blood pressure) indinavir. Astragalus membranaceous Theoretically may delay the Capsella bursa-pastoris Coffea arabica absorption of oral drugs if taken Vitamin K content should be Theoretically may inhibit absorption simultaneously. considered if large quantities are of drugs and nutrients (eg. Iron & $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW used for a week or more in patients Calcium) activity (theoretical) concurrently taking anticoagulant Increased risk of caffeine toxicity May decrease blood glucose with medications ZLWK&<3$VXEVWUDWHVFLPHWLGLQH anti-diabetic agents, and potentiate GLVXO¿UDPHQR[DFLQ0$2,VHVWUR- Append effects of diuretics, antihyperten- Capsicum frutescens/annuum JHQV2&3VDOFRKROÀXFRQD]ROH sives & dopaminergic agents $QWLFRDJXODQWV HJ$VSLULQ GXHWR furafyllline, isoniazid, ketoconazole, May inhibit effect of immunosup- antiplatelet activity (theoretical) macrolides, and lithium (when pressants (eg. Cyclosporine & Hepatic metabolism of various drugs DEUXSWO\VWRSSHG $PSKHWDPLQHV corticosteroids), & potentiate may alter serum levels. Use caution nicotine may increase CNS effects. 382 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbs Drug Interactions May antagonize effects of barbitu- hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic drugs, activity (theoretical) rates and benzodiazepines . LQKLELWDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\HIIHFWVRI $QWLGLDEHWLFDJHQWV PD\GHFUHDVH $QWLK\SHUJO\FHPLFV PD\LQFUHDVH LQGRPHWKDFLQ16$,'VDQGLQFUHDVH blood sugar) EORRGJOXFRVH $QWLK\SHUWHQVLYHV risk of adverse effects from estrogen/ Potential risk for reduced bioavail- (may increase blood pressure) anti-estrogen medications. ability of amidarone, antagonistic effects on anti-hypertensives, Commiphora molmol Echinacea sp. estrogens, and may increase May interfere with absorption of Selectively modulates activity of CYP effects of laxatives and thyroid many lipophilic drugs. $VXEVWUDWHVDQGWKHRUHWLFDOO\ medications. should use caution with immuno- Convalleria majalis suppressive drugs (antibiotics & Ganoderma lucidum Concomitant use with anthraqui- anti-retrovirals), chemotherapy, $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW nones can deplete potassium levels corticosteroids, blood thinners and activity (theoretical) and potentiate the effects, resulting hepatotoxic drugs. in cardiac arrhythmia. Ginkgo biloba Eleutherococcus senticosus $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW Crataegus oxycantha $YRLGXVHZLWKVWLPXODQWVDOFRKRO activity. May increase risk of May help reduce toxicity of cardiac barbiturates, anti-psychotics, digoxin, bleeds (case reports of subdural glycosides, hypertensive medications and anticoagulants. hematoma) when combined with and CNS depressants (monitor di- Diabetics should monitor blood acetaminophen, anticoagulants/an- goxin levels closely if used together). glucose levels and adjust medication WLSODWHOHWDJHQWV 16$,'6$6$ May inhibit effects of vasoconstric- accordingly, due to the reported My antagonize effects of anti- WRUV HJ$OSKDEORFNHUV DQG hypoglycemic effects in animals. hypertensives, thiazide diuretics, decrease BP with nitrates & PDE-5 alprazolam, anticonvulsants, LQKLELWRUV HJ6LOGHQD¿O Ephedra sinica omeprazole, prilosec, and Potential interactions with all QLFDUGLSLQH$QWLSV\FKRWLFV HJ Cimicifuga racemosa centrally acting drugs such as anti- Risperidone - may cause priapism) May inhibit CYP450 2D6 substrates depressants, sympathomimetics, and may induce hypomania in Use caution with chemotherapeutic corticosteroids, cardiac glycosides FRPELQDWLRQZLWK665,V0$2,V agents (may increase or decrease and anesthetics. WUD]DGRQH7&$VEXVSLURQHDQG effects), hepatotoxic agents, thyroid May antagonize effects of alpha- St. John’s Wort may increase medications, and tamoxifen/anti- blockers, anti-arrhythmics, anti- risk of serotonin syndrome and estrogens/OCPs/HRT for possible convulsants, anti-diabetic agents, seizures. May increase risk of estrogenic effects. and anti-hypertensives. seizure when combined with any Potential additive effects with anti- May have additive effects with medication known to lower seizure hypertensives and vasodilators anesthetics, beta-blockers, caffeine, threshold. HUJRWDONDORLGVDOFRKRO0$2,VDQG With anti-diabetic agents may Curcuma longa may increase toxicity risk with all increase drug metabolism and May inhibit or enhance the activity of stimulants, phenothiazines, theophyl- blood sugar. certain chemotherapeutic agents. line and thyroid hormones. $GGLWLYHHIIHFWVZLWK16$,'V DQWL- Glycyrrhiza glabra coagulants and possible antagonistic Equisteum arvense Potentially with anti-arrhythmics, effects with immunosuppressants Cardiac glycosides may be potenti- anti-coagulants, anti-diabetic (theoretical). ated due to potassium loss second- agents, anti-hypertensives, ary to diuresis. diuretics, immunosuppressants, Cynara scolymus cardiac glycosides (eg. Digoxin), Promotes gut motility and may inter- Eschscholzia california FRUWLFRVWHURLGV0$2,VEORRGSUHV- fere with absorption of many drugs Caution with nervous system sure medications, spironolactone, when taken simultaneously. PHGLFDWLRQV 0$2,V0D\KDYH hormonal therapies, laxatives addictive effects when combined with Cytisus scoparius other sedatives. $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW activity (theoretical) Filipendula ulmaria $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW Dioscorea villosa activity (theoretical) and use caution $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW with salicylate-containing substances activity (theoretical) such as aspirin. $QWLGLDEHWLFDJHQWV PD\GHFUHDVH blood sugar) Fucus vesiculosis May increase risk of toxicity from $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 383 Herb Drug Interactions and K+ depleting medications. Leonurus cardiaca Petasites hybridus Estrogen-based oral contracep- Theoretically may interact with vari- May have additive effects with tives may enhance mineralcorticoid ous cardiovascular medications. anticholinergics and interfere with side effects. various cardiovascular medications Linum usitatissimum (e.g. anti-hypertensives & calcium *XDLDFXPRIÀFLQDOLV Theoretically interfere with channel blockers). $QWLK\SHUWHQVLYHV absorption of any drug when taken simultaneously. Phytolacca decandra/americana Harpagophytum Procumbens Potential to antagonize effects of Use caution with anti-diabetic, anti- Lycopus virginicus immunosuppressants. arrhythmic, blood pressure medi- May interfere with thyroid hormones cations, and anticoagulants due to and/or radioactive iodine by altering Piper methysticum antiplatelet activity (theoretical). the regulatory metabolism of thyroid Potential additive effects with CNS May increase effects of other anti- hormones (theoretical) depressants (e.g. alcohol & medica- LQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQWV tions), anti-psychotics, barbiturates, Less effective if taken with antibiot- Matricaria recutita benzodiazepine, levodopa, and ics (needs intestinal bacteria for Theoretical interactions with antiar- blood thinning medications. activation). rhythmics, anti-coagulants, anti- diabetic agents, anti-hypertensives, Piscidia erythrina Humulus lupulus CNS depressants, SERMs, and May potentiate the effect of seda- Barbiturates and other sleeping spasmolytics. tives and tranquilizers. aids may have additive effects. Medicago sativa Populus spp. Hydrastis canadensis Theoretical interactions with $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW With CNS depressants, cardiac anti-diabetic agents, estrogens, activity (theoretical) medications, and anticoagulants. immunosuppressants, photosensitiz- Use, caution with barbiturates/seda- Use caution with anti-hyperglyce- ing drugs, thyroid medications and tives, methotrexate, spironolactone, mics, laxatives, sedatives, photo- anti-coagulants. phenytoin, and valproate medica- sensitizing drugs and tetracycline. Patients with SLE while on Predni- tions. sone as maintenance therapy may Hyoscyamus niger suffer exacerbation following long- Quercus spp. May theoretically interact with term (9-30 month) consumption. May reduce the absorption of alka- anticholinergic & sympathomimetic loids and other basic drugs through herbs and medications. 0HOLORWXVRIÀFLQDOLV precipitation. $QWLFRDJXODQWVGXHWRDQWLSODWHOHW Hypericum perforatum activity (theoretical) 5DXZROÀDVHUSHQWLQD Concomitant use with SSRIs and 0HOLVVDRIÀFLQDOLV Potential interactions with all CVD other CNS agents may result in Use caution with CNS depressants drugs and sympathomimetics. serotonin syndrome. and thyroid medications. May reduce serum levels and Rhamnus purshiana therefore activity of antiretro- Mentha piperita Due to dramatic decrease in transit viral drugs, coumarin antico- Internal use of oil has potential time may theoretically interfere with agulants, chemotherapeutics, interaction with anti-hypertensives absorption of any drug when taken cyclosporine, benzodiazepines, and increase cyclosporine levels. simultaneously. digoxin, amitriptyline, theophylline, $YRLGFRQFRPLWDQWXVHZLWKGUXJV anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, Panax ginseng that cause hypokalemia including phenobarbital, phenytoin), oral $YRLGXVHZLWKRWKHUVWLPXODQWV HJ cardiac glycosides, anti-arrhythmics, contraceptives, anti-hyperlipid- caffeine) and some diuretics. emics and opioids Theoretically interact with anti- SV\FKRWLFV0$2,VVHGDWLYHVLPPX- Rheum palmatum Juglans nigra nosuppressants, anti-hypertensives, May theoretically interfere with Theoretically interfere with anti-coagulants, anti-diabetic agents, absorption of any drug when taken absorption of any drug when taken and other hormone therapies. simultaneously. simultaneously. $YRLGFRQFRPLWDQWXVHZLWKGUXJV 3DVVLÁRUDLQFDUQDWD that cause hypokalemia including Append Lactuca virosa $GGLWLYHHIIHFWVZLWKVOHHSDLGV cardiac glycosides, anti-arrhythmics, Use caution with other CNS barbiturates and other CNS depres- and some diuretics. depressants. sants. 384 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Herbs Drug Interactions 5RVPDULQXVRIÀFLQDOLV Tilia europea 9HUEHQDRIÀFLQDOLV May inhibit iron absorption when Tea may inhibit iron absorption when May inhibit iron absorption when taken with food or supplements. taken with food or supplements, taken with food or supplements. however tincture mildly promotes Theoretical interactions with HRT Rumex crispus iron absorption. and blood pressure medications. May theoretically interfere with Viburnum opulus Thuja occidentalis absorption of any drug when taken Use caution with anticoagulants Use caution with additive effects simultaneously. due to antiplatelet activity (theo- if combined with other thujone- $YRLGFRQFRPLWDQWXVHZLWKGUXJV retical), aspirin or other salicylate containing herbs. that cause hypokalemia including containing substances, alcohol, cardiac glycosides, anti-arrhythmics, EDUELWXUDWHVVHGDWLYHV16$,'V Trifolium pretense and some diuretics. methotrexate, spironolactone, Theoretical interaction of high doses phenytoin, valproate medications. with anti-platelet agents, hormone Salix spp. replacement therapy and oral Use caution with anticoagulants due Viburnum prunifolium contraceptives. to antiplatelet activity (theoretical), Use caution with anticoagulants aspirin or other salicylate containing due to antiplatelet activity (theo- Trigonella foenum-graecum substances, alcohol, barbiturates/ retical), aspirin or other salicylate Potential additive effects with hypo- VHGDWLYHV16$,'VPHWKRWUH[DWH containing substances, alcohol, glycemic agents (e.g. insulin) spironolactone, phenytoin, valproate EDUELWXUDWHVVHGDWLYHV16$,'V May interfere with the absorption of medications. methotrexate, spironolactone, various supplements & medications phenytoin, valproate medications. when taken simultaneously. Sambucus nigra/canadensis May have additive effects with Vitex agnus-castus Turnera diffusa caffeine, chemotherapy, diuretics, Theoretical interaction with HRT, Potential additive effects with anti- and laxatives, and may antagonize OCP, and dopamine receptor hyperglycemics & progesterones. immunosuppressants. agonists or antagonists. May interfere with the absorption of various supplements & medications Schisandra chinensis Withania somnifera when taken simultaneously. Theoretically can interfere with me- Potential additive affects CNS tabolism of many drugs due to effect depressants causing drowsiness & Tussilago farfara on liver & gastric secretions. reduced coordination. Theoretical interaction with anti- Theoretical interactions with hypertensives medications. 6FXWHOODULDODWHULÁRUD anxiety, insomnia, and anti-seizure Theoretical additive effects with CNS medications. depressants/sedative medications. Ulmus fulva Theoretically may delay the Zanthoxylum americanum absorption of oral drugs if taken Silybum marianum Theoretical additive effects with simultaneously. May affect metabolism of various anticoagulants and cardiac drugs such as anti-diabetic agents glycosides. Urtica dioica (additive), estrogen, lamotrigine and Leaf: theoretical interactions with lorazepam. Zea mays CNS depressants, anti-coagulants, : Theoretical interactions with hy- diuretics, anti-hypertensives, hypo- 6\PSK\WXPRIÀFLQDOLV poglycemic and anti-hypertensive glycemics, immunosuppressants and Theoretical interaction with medications. DQWLELRWLFVÀXFRQD]ROHÀXR[HWLQH diclofenac. Root: potential interaction with anti- anti-cholesterol medications, and =LQJLEHURIÀFLQDOLV diabetics and BPH medications. steroids as they compete with liver Potentially increases absorption of enzyme required to neutralize toxic all drugs and reduces absorption of Vaccinium myrtillus compounds. iron and fat-soluble vitamins. Potential additive effects with anti- $GGLWLYHHIIHFWVZLWKDQWLFRDJXODQWV coagulant medications (theoretical), 7DUD[DFXPRIÀFLQDOLV due to antiplatelet activity (theoreti- and may interact with anti-diabetic May antagonize antacids and quino- cal) agents & anti-hypertensives ORQHV HJFLSURÀR[DFLQ Theoretical interactions with anti- May have additive effects with diuret- arrhythmics, anti-diabetic agents, 9DOHULDQDRIÀFLQDOLV ics, anti-platelet agents, anti-diabetic anti-hypertensives, and sedatives. Use caution with sedative & agents, steroids and supplemental anti-depressant medications, anti- potassium. convulsants and alcohol. Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 385 Medications A ------ALTACE UDPLSULO $&(LQKLELWRU5[ K\SHUWHQVLRQ A/T/S (erythromycin (topical)): antibiotic Rx: acne ALTOCOR (lovastatin): reduces LDL cholesterol abacavir sulfate =,$*(1 DQWLYLUDO5[ +,9$,'6 altretamine +(;$/(1 DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ RYDULDQFDQFHU abacavir, lamivudine, zidovudine (TRIZIVIR): antiviral Rx: HIV aluminum carbonate %$6$/-(/ DQWDFLG5[ KHDUWEXUQLQGLJHVWLRQ ABILIFY DULSLSUD]ROH PRGL¿HVVHQVLWLYLW\RIVHURWRQLQDQGGRSDPLQH5[ aluminum hydroxide $03+2-(/ DQWDFLG5[ LQGLJHVWLRQ schizophrenia ALUPENT (metaproterenol sulfate): Beta-2 bronchodilator Rx: COPD, asthma acarbose (PRECOSE): delays carbohydrate digestion Rx: diabetes mellitus amantadine 6<00(75(/ DQWLSDUNLQVRQLDQDQWLYLUDOÀXRFLQRORQHWRSLFDOVWHURLG ACCOLATE ]D¿ULXNDVW EURQFKRVSDVPLQKLELWRU5[ DVWKPD DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ ACCUNEB/PROVENTIL (albuterol sulfate): antispasmatic Rx: asthma AMARYL (glimepiride): oral hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes mellitus ACCUPRIL TXLQDSULO $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71&+) AMBIEN (zolpidem tartrate): hypnotic Rx: insomnia ACCURETIC (quinapril hydrochloride+hydrochlorothiazide) amcinonide &<&/2&257 DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW5[ 6NLQGLVRUGHUV ACCUTANE (isotretinoin) Rx: severe cystic acne AMEN (medroxyprogesterone): hormone Rx: endometriosis, amenorrhea, uterine acebutolol hydrochloride 6(&75$/ %EWRFNHU5[ .71FDUGLDFG\VLWO\WKPLDV bleeding ACEON SHULQGRSULO $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71 AMERGE (naratriptan hydrochloride): migraine headaches acetaminophen $3$3 QRQQDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF amikacin $0,.,1 DQWLELRWLF acetaminophen (TYLENOL): pain reliever Rx: headache, fever, aches AMIKIN (amikacin): antibiotic acetaminophen oxycodone hydrochloride (ROXICET): narcotic analgesic Rx: amiloride 0,'$025 SRWDVVLXPVSDULQJGLXUHWLF moderate to severe pain amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide (MODURETIC): HCTZ, antihypertensive / diuretic acetazolamide ',$02; GLXUHWLFDQWLFRQYXOVDQW5[ JODXFRPD&+)HSLOHSV\ aminobenzoate 327$%$ 5[ ¿EURVLVVFOHURGHUPD mountain sickness aminosalicylic acid 3$6(5 EDFWHULRVWDWLF5[ 7% acetylsalicylic acid $6$ DVSLULQ16$,'DQDOJHVLF amiodarone &25'$521( DQWLDUUK\WKPLF5[ YHQWULFXODUWDFKLFDUGLD¿EULODWLRQ ACHROMYCIN V (tetracyline): antibiotic Rx: acne, conjuctivitis, bacterial infections amiodipine + benazepril hydrochloride (LOTREL): benazepril, calcium blocker / ACIPHEX (rabeprazole sodium): proton pump inhibitor Rx: GERD, duodenal $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71 ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome acitretin 625,$7$1( UHWLQRLG5[ SVRULDVLV amiodipine besylate 1259$6& FDOFLXPEORFNHU5[ +71DQJLQD ACLOVATE DOFORPHWDVRQHGLSURSLRQDWH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ SVRULDVLV amitriptyline 75,$9,/ SHUSKHQD]LQHWULF\FOLFDQWLGHSUHVVDQWPDMRUWUDQTXLOL]HU acrivastine + pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (SEMPREX-D): pseudoephed- combination rine, antihistamine / decongestant amitriptyline hydrochloride (/$9,/ WULF\FOLFDQWLGHSUHVVDQW ACTIFED (triprolidine + pseudoephedrine): antihistamine / decongestant Rx: ammonium lactate /$&+<'5,1 WUHDWVGU\VFDO\VNLQ5[ LFKWK\RVLVYXOJDULV allergies amoxicillin $02;,/ DQWLELRWLF ACTIGALL (ursodiol): bile acid - dissolves gall stones amoxicillin (WYMOX): antibiotic Rx: gonorrhea, middle ear infections, skin infec- ACTIVELLA/FEMHRT (estrogen + progestin): Hormone replacement therapy Rx: tions, urinary tract infections menopause, Vaginal atrophy amoxicillin + clavulanate potassium $8*0(17,1 FODYXODQDWHSRWDVVLXP ACTONEL (risedronate): strengthens bones, prevents osteoporosis, bisphospho- antibiotic nate Rx: paget’s disease, osteoporosis AMOXIL (amoxicillin): antibiotic ACTOS (pioglitazone hydrochloride): oral hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes amphetamines $''(5$// &16VWLPXODQW5[ $'' ACULAR NHWRUURODFWURPHWKDPLQH QRQVWHURLGDODQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\GUXJ5[ AMPHOJEL (aluminum hydroxide): antacid Rx: indigestion allergies amprenavir $*(1(5$6( DQWLUHWURYLUDODJHQW5[ $,'6+,9 acyclovir =29,5$; DQWLYLUDODJHQW5[ KHUSHVVKLQJOHV ANAFRANIL (clomipramine hydrochloride): tricyclic antidepressant ADALAT, ADALAT CC (nifedipine): Ca++ blocker Rx: angina, HTN anagrelide $45<81 SODWHOHWUHGXFHU5[ WKURPERF\WRSHQLD adapalene (DIFFERIN): topical retinoid Rx: acne anakinra (KINERET): antirheumatic drug Rx: rheumatoid arthritis ADDERALL DPSKHWDPLQHV &16VWLPXODQW5[ $'' ANAPLEX HD (hydrocodone): phenylephrine, chlorpheniramine, narcotic antitussive / ADIPEX-P (phentermine hydrochloride): appetite suppressant / stimulant decongestant / antihistamine ADRENALIN (epinephrine): bronchodilator Rx: asthma ANAPROX, ANAPROX DS QDSUR[HQVRGLXP 16$,'DQDOJHVLFDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ ADVAIR DISKUS ÀXWLFDVRQHSURSLRQDWH RUDOLQKDOHU5[ DVWKPD agent ADVANCED NATALCARE (prenatal vitamins): prenatal supplement anastrozole $5,0,'(; DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ EUHDVW&$ ADVICOR (lovastatin + niacin): lowers cholesterol ANATUSS DM (guaifenesin): pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, expectorant / ADVIL LEXSURIHQ 16$,'DQDOJHVLF decongestant / antitussive AEROBID ÀXQLVROLGH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\LQKDOHU5[ DVWKPDEURQFKLWLV ANATUSS LA (guaifenesin): pseudoephedrine, expectorant/ decongestant AEROLATE, AEROLATE III, AEROLATE JR. (theophylline): xanthine bronchodila- ANCOBON ÀXF\WRVLQH DQWLIXQJDODJHQW tor Rx: asthma, COPD ANDRODERM (testosterone patches): increase testosterone AGENERASE DPSUHQDYLU DQWLUHWURYLUDODJHQW5[ $,'6+,9 ANDROGEL (testosterone gel): hormone replacement product Rx: Hypogonadism AGGRENOX (aspirin+ extended-release + dipyridamole): prevent clot formation in ANDROID (methyltestosterone): androgen / steroid / masculinizing hormone Rx: stroke patients Rx: Stroke hypogonadism AH-CHEW (chtorpheniramine): phenylephrine, methscopal-amine, antihistamine anisindione 0,5$'21 DQWLFRDJXOHQW5[ EORRGFORWVSXOPRQDU\HPEROLVP / decongestant heart conditions AKINETON (biperiden): antiparkinsonian Rx: prophylaxis of EPS ANOLOR 300 EXWDOELWDODFHWDPLQRSKHQFDIIHLQH $3$3FDIIHLQHVHGDWLYH AKNE-MYCIN (erythromycin): antibiotic Rx: infection analgesic AKTOB (tobramycin): eye drops Rx: bacterial eye infections ANSAID ÀXUELSURIHQ 16$'5[ DUWKULWLV ALAMAST (pemirolast): prevents itchy eyes Rx: allergies ANTABUSE GLVXI¿UDP LQKLELWVPHWDEROLVPRIDOFRKRO5[ DOFRKRODGGLFWLRQ albendazole $/%(1=$ DQWKHOPLQWLF5[ WDSHZRUP antihemophilic factor IV +80$7(3 5[ KHPRSKLOLD ALBENZA (albendazole): anthelmintic Rx: tapeworm antihemophilic factor VIII .2*(1$7( 5[ KHPRSKLOLD albuterol (COMBIVENT): ipratnopium, bronchodilators Rx: asthma antipyrine $85$/*$1 EHQ]RFDOQHHDUGURSDQDOJHVLF albuterol 3529(17,/+)$ EHWDEURQFKRGLODWRU5[ DVWKPD ANTIVERT (meclizine hydrochloride): antinauseant Rx: vertigo albuterol 6$/%87$02/ EHWDEURQFKRGLODWRU5[ DVWKPD&23' ANUSOL HC K\GURFRUWLVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ albuterol (VENTOLIN): beta-2 bronchodilator Rx: asthma, COPD AOPHEX (rabepiazote): inhibits gastric acid secretion Rx: ulcers albuterol 92/0$; EHWDEURQFKRGLODWRU5[ DVWKPD&23' APAP (acetaminophen): non-narcotic analgesic albuterol sulfate $&&81(%3529(17,/ DQWLVSDVPDWLF5[ DVWKPD apap &$3,7$/ZLWK&2'(,1( FRGHLQHQDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF albuterol sulfate (VOSPIRE): antispasms Rx: bronchial spasms apap (ESGIC): caffeine, butalbital, analgesic / muscle relaxant / antianxiety alclometasone dipropionate $&/29$7( VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ compound Rx: headache psoriasis apap (NOREL PLUS): phenyltoloxamine, chlorpheniramine, analgesic / decongestant ALDACTAZIDE (hctz): spironolactone, diuretics Rx: HTN / antihistamine Rx: colds ALDACTONE (spironolactone): potassium-sparing diuretic apap 3+(1$3+(1:,7+&2'(,1( FRGHLQHQDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF ALDOCHLOR (methyldopa + chlorothiazide): antihypertensive / diuretic compound apap (PROTID): chlorpheniramine, phenylephrine, analgesic / antihistamine / ALDOMET (methyldopa): antihypertensive decongestant Rx: colds ALDORIL (methyldopa + hctz): antihypertensive compound apap (SINULIN): phenylpropanolamine, chlorpheniramine, analgesic / decongestant / alendronate sodium )26$0$; UHGXFHVERQHORVV5[ RVWHRSRURVLV3DJHW¶V antihistamine Rx: colds, allergies disease apap 6,187$%6,186$//(5*< SVHXGRHSKHGULQHFKORUSKHQLUDPLQHDQDOJHVLF ALESSE 21, ALESSE 28 (levonorgestrel): estradiol, oral contraceptive decongestant / antihistamine ALEVE QDSUR[HQVRGLXP 16$,'DQDOJHVLF apap 6,187$%6,186 SVHXGRHSKHGULQHDQDOJHVLFGHFRQJHVWDQW ALFENTA (alfentanil): narcotic analgesic / anesthetic apap (TYLENOL with CODEINE): codeine, narcotic analgesic alfentanil $/)(17$ QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLFDQHVWKHWLF apap (ZYDONE): hydrocodone, narcotic analgesic ALINIA (nitazoxanide): treats infectious diarrhea APHRODYNE (yohimbine): alpha-blocker Rx: impotence ALKERAN PHOSKDODQ DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ PXOWLSOHP\HORPDRYDULDQ&$ APL (chorionic gonadotropin hormone): growth hormone ALLEGRA (fexofenadine hydrochloride): antihistamine Rx: allergies APRI (oral contraceptive) (ZYLOPRIM): reduces serum uric acid Rx: gout (anagrelide): platelet reducer Rx: thrombocytopenia Append allopurinol AQRYUN almotriptan $;(57 665$UHOLHYHVPLJUDLQHV AQUATENSEN (methyclothiazide): antihypertensive / diuretic ALORA (estradiol): hormone Rx: menopause ARALEN (chloroquine): antimalarial agent alosetron (LOTRONEX): antidiari+ieal Rx: irritable bowel syndrome ARAVA OHÀXQRPLGH DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ UKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV ALPHAGAN (brimonidine tartrate): lovers high-pressure in the eye Rx: open-angle ARCO-LASE (digestive enzymes) Rx: poor digestion glaucoma ARCO-LASE PLUS (digestive enzymes): hyoscyamine, atropine, phenobarbital Rx: alprazolam ;$1$; EHQ]RGLD]HSLQHK\SQRWLF poor digestion alprostadil &$9(5-(&7 5[ PDOHLPSRWHQFH ARICEPT GRQHSH]LOK\GURFKORULGH FKROLQHUJLFHQKDQFHU5[ $O]KHLPHU¶V 386 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Medications ARIMIDEX DQDVWUR]ROH DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ EUHDVW&$ BENZAMYCIN (erythromycin + benzoyl peroxide): benzoyl peroxide,topical aripiprazole $%,/,)< PRGL¿HVVHQVLWLYLW\RIVHURWRQLQDQGGRSDPLQH5[ antibiotic / keratolytic compound Rx: acne schizophrenia benzoly peroxide %(1=$&$& DQWLEDFWHULDO5[ DFQHYXOJDULV ARISTOCORT WULDPFLQRORQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ benzonatate 7(66$/21 QRQQDUFRWLFFRXJKVXSSUHVVDQW ARMOUR THYROID (natural thyroid hormones tc and td): treats thyroid gland and benzoyl peroxide %(1=$*(/ JHOIRUDFQH5[ DFQH goiters, suppression test Rx: overactive thyroid benzoyl peroxide 75,$= DQWLDFQH5[ DFQH ARTANE (trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride): antiparkisonian Rx: prophylaxis of EPS benzoyl peroxide 9$12;,'(+& K\GURFRUWLVRQHVNLQFOHDQVHUVWHURLGDQWL ARTHROTEC GLFORIHQDFVRGLXPPLVRSURVWRO 16$,'5[ DUWKULWLV LQÀDPPDWRU\5[ DFQH ASA DFHW\OVDOLF\OLFDFLG DVSLULQ16$,'DQDOJHVLF benztropine (COGENTIN): antiparkinsonian Rx: EPS asa ($635,1 16$,'DQDOJHVLF5[ DUWKULWLV bepridil 9$6&25 FDOFLXPEORFNHU5[ DQJLQDSURSK\OD[LV ASACOL PHVDODPLQH DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW5[ FROLWLV BEROCCA (multivitamins): nutritional supplement asparginase (/63$5 DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ OHXNHPLDVDUFRPD BEROCCA PLUS (multivitamins): minerals, nutritional supplement aspirin +$/)35,1 5[ DFXWH0,SURSK\OD[LV BETAGAN (levobunolol hydrochloride): eyedrops Rx: chronic open-angle aspirin+ extended-release + dipyridamole $**5(12; SUHYHQWFORWIRUPDWLRQLQ glaucoma stroke patients Rx: Stroke betaine anhydrous &<67$'$1( UHGXFHKRPRF\VWHLQHLQWKHEORRG5[ ASTELIN (azelastine hydrochloride): antihistamine Rx: allergic rhinitis homocystinuria ASTRAMORPH PF (morphine): narcotic analgesic BETALIN (thiamine): vitamin B-1 ATACAND/ATACAND HCT (candesartan cilexetil): blocks angiotensin II Rx: high betamethasone &(/(6721( VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ blood pressure betamethasone dipropionate (DIPROLENE): synthetic cortisone-like steriod ATAMET (carbidopa): levodopa, antipariansonian Rx: Parkinson’s disease cream, gel or lotion Rx: itchy rashes ATAPRYL VHOHJLOLQH 0$2LQKLELWRU5[ 3DUNLQVRQ¶VGLVHDVH BETAPACE (sotalol): beta-blocker Rx: angina, HTN, arrhythmias ATARAX (hydroxyzine hydrochloride): sedative / tranquilizer / antihistamine Rx: BETASERON (interferon): immunologic Rx: Multiple Sclerosis urticaria, anxiety betaxolol (KERLONE): beta-1 blocker Rx: HTN atenolol (TENORMIN): b-1 blocker Rx: dysrhythmias, HTN, angina, MI prophylaxis betaxolol hydrochloride (BETOPTIC): B-1 blocker eyedrops Rx: glaucoma atenolol + chlorthalidone (TENORETIC): chlorthalidone, beta-1 blocker/diuretic bethanechol 85(&+281( EODGGHUWRQHPRGL¿HU5[ XULQDU\UHWHQWLRQ Rx: HTN BETIMOL (timolol): reduces pressure in the eye Rx: glaucoma ATIVAN (lorazepam): benzodiazepine hypnotic BETOPTIC (betaxolol hydrochloride): B-1 blocker eyedrops Rx: glaucoma atomoxetine hydrochloride 675$77(5$ ERRVWVQRUHSLQHSKULQH5[ $'+' BEXTRA (valdecoxib): COX-2 inhibitor Rx: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, atorvastatin (LIPITOR): antihyperlipidemic Rx: high cholesterol dysmenorrhea aatovaquone 0(3521 DQWLELRWLF5[ SQHXPRF\VWLVFDULQLLSQHXPRQLDLQ$,'6 BIAXIN (clarithromycin): antibiotic ATROHIST PLUS (phenylephrine): phenylpropanolamine, chlorpheniramine, bicalutamide &$62'(; DQWLDQGURJHQDQWLFDQFHU5[ SURVWDWH&$ hyoscyamine, atropine, scopolamine, decongestant / antihistamine Rx: BICILLIN (penicillin): antibiotic allergies, colds BICITRA (sodium citrate): citric acid, urinary alkalizer Rx: acidosis ATROMID-S FOR¿EUDWH DQWLOOSLGHPLF5[ K\SHUOOSLGHPOD BILTRICIDE SUD]LTXDQWHO DQWKHOPLQWLF5[ VFKLVWRVRPLDVLVÀXNHV ATROVENT (ipratropium bromide): anticholinergic bronchodilator Rx: COPD bimatoprost /80,*$1 UHGXFHVSUHVVXUHLQWKHH\H5[ RSHQDQJOHJODXFRPD AUGMENTIN (amoxicillin + clavulanate potassium): clavulanate potassium, antibiotic BIOHIST-LA (carbinoxamine): pseudoephedrine, antihistamine / decongestant AURALGAN (antipyrine): benzocalne, ear drop analgesic biperiden $.,1(721 DQWLSDUNLQVRQLDQ5[ SURSK\OD[LVRI(36 DXUDQRÀQ 5,'$85$ DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\GUXJ5[ UKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV bisacodyl '8/&2/$; OD[DWLYH AVALIDE (irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide): controls angiotensin II, diuretic bismuth subsalicylate + metronidazole + tetracycline hydrochloride (HELI- AVANDAMET (rosiglitazone maleate, metformin hydrochoride): oral hypoglycemic '$&7+(5$3< 5[ VWRPDFKXOFHUV Rx: type II diabetes bisoprolol =(%(7$ %EORFNHUDQWLK\SHUWHQVLYH AVANDIA (rosiglitazone maleate): oral hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes bisoprolol =,$& +&7=DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHGLXUHWLF5[ +71 AVAPRO (irbesartan): angiotensin II receptor antagonist Rx: diabetes bitolterol 7251$/$7( %EURQFKRGLODWRU5[ DVWKPD AVELOX PR[LÀR[DFLQK\GURFKORULGH DQWLELRWLF5[ VLQXVDQGOXQJLQIHFWLRQV BLEPHAMIDE (sulfacetamide): prednisolone, antibacterial, steroid anti- AVODART (dutasteride): shrinks enlarged prostate Rx: benighn prostatic hyperplasia LQÀDPPDWRU\5[ RFXODULQIHFWLRQV (BPH) BLOCADREN (timolol): b-blocker Rx: angina, HTN, arrhythmias AVONEX (interteron): antiviral Rx: MS BONINE (meclizine): antiemetic Rx: N&V, vertigo AXERT DOPRWULSWDQ 665$UHOLHYHVPLJUDLQHV BONTRIL PDM (bontril slow release): phendimetrazine, stimulant, appetite AXID (nizatidine): Histamine-2 antagonist, which inhibits gastric acid secretion Rx: suppressant Rx: obesity ulcers bontril slow release (BONTRIL PDM): phendimetrazine, stimulant, appetite AXOCET EXWDOELWDO $3$3VHGDWLYHDQDOJHVLF5[ WHQVLRQ+$ suppressant Rx: obesity AYGESTIN (norethindrone acetate): hormone Rx: amenorrhea, endometriosis BRETHINE (terbutaline sulfate): beta-2 bronchodilator Rx: asthma, COPD azatadine maleate + pseudoephedrine sulfate 75,1$/,1 SVHXGRHSKHGULQH BREVICON, oral contraceptive antihistamine / decongestant compound brimonidine tartrate $/3+$*$1 ORYHUVKLJKSUHVVXUHLQWKHH\H5[ RSHQ azathioprine ,085$1 LPPXQRVXSSUHVVDQW5[ RUJDQWUDQVSODQWVXOFHUDWLYH angle glaucoma colitis, lupus, severe arthritis BROMFED CAPSULES, PD CAPSULES (brompheniramine): pseudoephedrine azelaic acid $=(/(; DQWLDFQHFUHDP antihistamine / decongestant Rx: allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion azelastine hydrochloride $67(/,1 DQWLKLVWDPLQH5[ DOOHUJLFUKLQLWLV bromocriptine mesylate 3$5/2'(/ HUJRW5[ 3DUNLQVRQ¶VGLVHDVHK\SRJR- AZELEX (azelaic acid): antiacne cream nadism, infertility, amenorrhea azithromycin =,7+520$; DQWLELRWLF brompheniramine %520)('&$368/(63'&$368/(6 SVHXGRHSKHGULQH AZMACORT WULDPFLQRORQHDFHWRQLGH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ DVWKPD antihistamine / decongestant Rx: allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion bronchitis brompheniramine ',0(7$1('; SVHXGRHSKHGULQHGH[WURUQHWKRUSKDQ AZT ]LGRYXGLQH DQWLYLUDODJHQW5[ +,9$,'6YLUXV antihistamine / decongestant / antitussive AZULFIDINE-EN VXOIDVDOD]LQH DQWLLQIHFWLYHDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ FROLWLVDUWKULWLV brompheniramine /2'5$1($//(5*<&$368/(6 DQWLKLVWDPLQH brompheniramine /2'5$1(/'&$368/(6 SVHXGRHSKHGULQHDQWLKLVWDPLQH B ------/ decongestant bacampicillin (SPECTROBID): antibiotic brompheniramine /2'5$1(/,48,' SVHXGRHSKHGULQHDQWLKLVWDPLQH BACTRIM, BACTRIM DS (trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole): sulfamethoxazole, decongestant antibacterials Rx: UTI, ear infection, bronchitis brompheniramine 5(63$+,67 SVHXGRHSKHGULQHDQWLKLVWDPLQHGHFRQJHVWDQW BACTROBAN (rnupirocin): topical antibacterial Rx: skin Infections brompheniramine 521'(&&+(:$%/(7$%/(7 SVHXGRHSKHGULQHDQWLKLV- BASALJEL (aluminum carbonate): antacid Rx: heartburn, indigestion tamine / decongestant BAYCOL (cerivastatin): cholesterol inhibitor brompheniramine 8/75$%5208/75$%52032 SVHXGRHSKHGULQH becaplermin 5(*5$1(; FHOOXODUJURZWKDJHQW5[ XOFHUVGLDEHWHV antihistamine / decongestant beclomethasone %(&/29(17 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW5[ &23' BRONCHOLATE SYRUP (ephedrine): guaifenesin, bronchodilator, expectorant asthma Rx: colds, bronchitis beclomethasone %(&21$6(%(&21$6($4 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ budesonide (172&257(& DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\VWHURLGEXGHVRQLGH5[ &URKQ¶V beclomethasone 9$1&(1$6(9$1&(1$6($4 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW disease Rx: allergic rtiinitis, nasal polyps budesonide 38/0,&257,85%8+$7(5 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ DVWKPD beclomethasone 9$1&(5,/,1+$/(5 VWHURLG5[ DVWKPD budesonide (RHINOCORT): corticosteroid Rx: allergic rhinitis BECLOVENT EHFORPHWKDVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW5[ &23'DVWKPD bumetanide (BUMEX): decrease amount of salt and water in body Rx: edema, BECONASE, BECONASE AQ EHFORPHWKDVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ ÀXLGUHWHQWLRQ BEELITH (magnesium): pyridoxine, magnesium / vitamin B6 supplement BUMEX (bumetanide): decrease amount of salt and water in body Rx: edema, BENADRYL (diphenhydramine): antihistamine Rx: allergies ÀXLGUHWHQWLRQ benazepril hydrochloride /27(16,1 $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71&+) BUPAP (butalbital): acetaminophen, sedative/analgesic Rx: headache benazepril hydrochloride+ hydrochlorothiazide /27(16,1+&7 $&(LQKLELWRU bupivacaine 6(1625&$,1(:,7+(3, HSLQHSKULQHORFDODQHVWKHWLFZLWK + diuretic Rx: HTN vasoconstrictor EHQGURÁXPHWKOD]LGH(CORZIDE): nadolol, b-blocker, diuretic Rx: HTN bupivacaine 6(1625&$,1(6(1625&$,1(03) ORFDODQHVWKHWLF BENEMID SUREHQHFLG /LULFRVXULF5[ JRXW$OVRSURORQJVHIIHFWVRISHQLFLOOLQ BUPRENEX (buprenorphine): narcotic analgesic Rx: anxiety disorders BENICAR (olmesartan medoxomil): blocks angiotensin II Rx: hypertension buprenorphine (BUPRENEX): narcotic analgesic Rx: anxiety disorders BENTYL (dicyclomine hydochloride): Gl tract antispasmodic bupropion (WELLBUTRIN): antidepressant BENYLIN (diphenhydramine): antihistamine bupropion hydrochloride =<%$1 QLFRWLQHIUHHTXLWVPRNLQJDLG5[ VPRNHUV BENZAC AC (benzoly peroxide): antibacterial Rx: acne vulgaris BUSPAR (buspirone hydrochloride): antidepressant BENZAGEL (benzoyl peroxide): gel for acne Rx: acne buspirone hydrochloride %863$5 DQWLGHSUHVVDQW Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 387 Medications busulfan 0cabergoline (DOSTINEX): dopaminergic Rx: hyperprolactinemia chloroxylenol &237,&($5'5236 SUDPR[LQHK\GURFRUWLVRQHDQWLVHSWLF CAFERGOT (ergotamine tartrate + caffeine): prevents vascular headaches Rx: DQWLIXQJDOVWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ migraine, migraine variants, cluster headaches chlorpheniramine 1$/(;$ SKHQ\OOROR[DPLQHSKHQ\OHSKULQHDQWLKLVWDPLQH CALAN, CALAN SR (verapamil hydrochloride): calcium blocker Rx: angina, sedative / decongestant Rx: colds hypertension, PSVT prophylaxis, headache chlorpheniramine 201,+,67/$ SKHQ\OHSKULQHPHWKVFRSDODPLQHDQWLKLVWDPLQH &$/&(7&$/&(73/86FDOFLXPVXSSOHPHQW / decongestant CALCIBIND (cellulose sodium phosphate): binds calcium chlorpheniramine 251$'( SKHQ\OSURSDQRODPLQHDQWLKLVWDPLQHGHFRQJHVWDQW calcipotriene (DOVONEX): topical agent Rx: psoriasis compound calcitonin-salmon 0,$&$/&,1 V\QWKHWLFKRUPRQH5[ SRVWPHQRSDXVDO chlorpheniramine maleate + d-pseudoephedrine hydrochloride '(&21$0,1( osteoporois antihistamine/decongestant Rx: allergies/colds calcitrol 52&$/752/ YLWDPLQ'DQDORJ5[ K\SRFDOFHPLDERQHGLVHDVH chlorpromazine 7+25$=,1( PDMRUWUDQTXLOL]HU calcium and vitamin d supplement 26&$/ chlorpropamide ',$%,1(6( RUDOK\SRJO\FHPLFDJHQW5[ GLDEHWHV candesartan cilexetil $7$&$1'$7$&$1'+&7 EORFNVDQJLRWHQVLQ,,5[ chlorthalidone (HYGROTON): antihypertensive / diuretic high blood pressure chlorthalidone 7+$/,721( DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHGLXUHWLF5[ +71&+) capecitabine ;(/2'$ RUDODQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ EUHDVW&$ chlorzoxazone 3$5$)21)257( DFHWDPLQRSKHQPXVFOHUHOD[DQWDQDOJHVLF CAPITAL with CODEINE (apap): codeine, narcotic analgesic compound CAPOZIDE (captopril + hydrochlorothiazide) cholestyramine 35(9$/,7( FKROHVWHUROUHGXFHU captopril + hydrochlorothiazide &$32=,'( choline magnesium trisalicylate 75,/,6$7( DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQDOJHVLF CARAFATE (sucralfate): anti ulcer agent chorionic gonadotropin hormone $3/ JURZWKKRUPRQH carbamazepine (TEGRETOL, TEGRETOL XR): anticonvulsant Rx: epilepsy CHROMAGEN (iron): vitamin C, folic acid Rx: anemias carbenicillin (GEOCILLIN): antibiotic chtorpheniramine $+&+(: SKHQ\OHSKULQHPHWKVFRSDODPLQHDQWLKLVWDPLQH carbidopa $7$0(7 OHYRGRSDDQWLSDULDQVRQLDQ5[ 3DUNLQVRQ¶VGLVHDVH / decongestant carbidopa + levodopa (SINEMET, SINEMET CR): levodopa, dopamine precursors ciclopirox (LOPROX): antifungal Rx: ringworm, Candida Rx: Parkinson’s Disease ciclopirox 3(1/$& DQWLIXQJDOQDLOODFTXHU5[ ULQJZRUPRIWKHQDLOV carbinoxamine %,2+,67/$ SVHXGRHSKHGULQHDQWLKLVWDPLQHGHFRQJHVWDQW cimetidine 7$*$0(7 KLVWDPLQHEORFNHUZKLFKLQKLELWVJDVWULFDFLGVHFUHWLRQ carbinoxamine (RONDEC DM): pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, antihista- Rx: ulcers mine / decongestant / antitussive CIPRO FLSURÀR[DFLQ DQWLPLFURELDODJHQW carbinoxamine 521'(&25$/'5236521'(&6<583521'(&7$%/(7 FLSURÁR[DFLQ(CIPRO): antimicrobial agent 521'(&757$%/(7 SVHXGRHSKHGULQHDQWLKLVWDPLQHGHFRQJHVWDQW cisapride (PROPULSID): increases gastric emptying carboplatin 3$5$3/$7,1 DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ RYDULDQ&$ CLAFORAN (cefotaxime): antibiotic CARDENE (nicardipine hydrochloride): calcium blocker Rx: angina, HTN CLARINEX (desloratadine): antihistamine Rx: seasonal allergic rhinitis CARDIOQUIN (quinidine): antiarrhythmic Rx: cardiac dysrhythmias clarithromycin %,$;,1 DQWLELRWLF CARDIZEM, CARDIZEM CD (diltiazern hydrochloride): calcium blocker Rx: CLARITIN (loratadine): non-sedating antihistamine Rx: allergies angina, HTN CLARITIN-D (loratadine): pseudoephedrine, antihistamine / decongestant Rx: CARDURA (doxazosin mesylate): alpha blocker Rx: HTN, prostatic hypertrophy allergic rhinitis carisoprodol 620$&203281' DVSLULQVHGDWLYHDQWLVSDVPRGLFDQDOJHVLF clemastine 7$9,67 DQWLKLVWDPLQH5[ DOOHUJLHV Rx: muscle spasm clemastine 7$9,67' SKHQ\OSURSDQRODPLQHDQWLKLVWDPLQHGHFRQJHVWDQW5[ carisoprodol 620$ VHGDWLYHDQWLVSDVPRGLF allergies CARNITOR OHYRFDPLWLQH 5[ FDUQLWLQHGH¿FLHQF\ CLEOCIN (clindamycin): antibiotic carteotol &$5752/ QRQVHOHFWLYH%EORFNHU5[ +71DQJLQD clindamycin (CLEOCIN): antibiotic CARTROL (carteotol): nonselective B-blocker Rx: HTN, angina CLINORIL VXOLQGDF 16$,'DQDOJHVLF5[ DUWKULWLV carvedilol (COREG):& b-blocker Rx: HTN, CHF, angina clobetasol propionate 7(029$7( VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ casanthranol 3(5,&2/$&( GRFXVDWHOD[DWLYHVWRROVRIWHQHU FORÀEUDWH $7520,'6 DQWLOOSLGHPLF5[ K\SHUOOSLGHPOD CASODEX ELFDOXWDPLGH DQWLDQGURJHQDQWLFDQFHU5[ SURVWDWH&$ CLOMID (clomiphene): ovulatory stimulant, fertility drug CATAFLAM GLFORIHQDF 16$,'DQDOJHVLF clomiphene (CLOMID): ovulatory stimulant, fertility drug CATAPRES (clonidine hydrochloride): antihypertensive agent clomiphene citrate (SEROPHENE): induces ovulation CATAPRES ITS (transdermal clonidine): antihypertensive clomipramine hydrochloride $1$)5$1,/ WULF\FOLFDQWLGHSUHVVDQW CAVERJECT (alprostadil) Rx: male impotence clonazepam (KLONOPIN): benzodiazepine hypnotic Rx: seizures CECLOR, CECLOR CD (cefaclor): antibiotic clonidine hydrochloride &$7$35(6 DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHDJHQW CEDAX (ceftibuten): antibiotic clorazepate dipotassium 75$1;(1(77$%75$1;(1(6' EHQ]RGLD]HSLQH cefaclor (CECLOR, CECLOR CD): antibiotic hypnotic Rx: anxiety, seizures cefadroxil monohydrate (DURICEF): antibiotic clotrimazole (GYNE-LOTRIMIN): antifungal agent Rx: ringworm, athlete’s foot, cefazolin (KEFZOL): antibiotic jock itch FHÀ[LPH 6835$; EURDGVSHFWUXPDQWLELRWLF clotrimazole (LOTRIMIN): antifungal agent cefotaxime &/$)25$1 DQWLELRWLF clotrimazole (MYCELEX, MYCELEX G): antifungal Rx: candidiasis cefoxitin (MEFOXIN): antibiotic clotrimazole + betamethasone dipropionate (LOTRISONE): betamethasone, cefprozil (CEFZIL): antibiotic WRSLFDODQWLIXQJDOVWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\FRPSRXQG ceftazidime )257$= DQWLELRWLF clozapine &/2=$5,/ SV\FKRWURSLF5[ VFKL]RSKUHQLD ceftazidime 7$=,&() DQWLELRWLF CLOZARIL (clozapine): psychotropic Rx: schizophrenia ceftazidime 7$=,',0( DQWLELRWLF COCAINE (cocaine hci): mucous membrane anesthetic ceftibuten &('$; DQWLELRWLF cocaine hci &2&$,1( PXFRXVPHPEUDQHDQHVWKHWLF CEFTIN (cefuroxime axetil): antibiotic codeine &2',0$/3+ SKHQ\OHSKULQHS\ULODPLQHQDUFRWLFDQWLWXVVLYHGHFRQJHV- ceftriaxone (ROCEPHIN): antibiotic tant compound Rx: colds, allergies cefuroxime (KEFUROX): antibiotic codeine 18&2)('(;3(&725$17 SVHXGRHSKHGULQHJXDLIHQHVLQQDUFRWLF antitussive / decongestant / expectorant Append cefuroxime axetil (CEFTIN): antibiotic CEFZIL (cefprozil): antibiotic codeine (NUCOFED): pseudoephedrine, narcotic antitussive / decongestant CELEBREX (celecoxib): COX-2 inhibitors Rx: acute pain, menstrual cramps, compound arthritic pain codeine 3(',$&2) SKHQ\OHSKULQHFKORUSKHQLUDPLQHSRWDVVLXPLRGLGHQDUFRWLF celecoxib (CELEBREX): COX-2 inhibitors Rx: acute pain, menstrual cramps, antitussive / decongestant / antihistamine arthritic pain CODICLEAR DM (hydrocodone): guaifenesin, narcotic antitussive / expectorant CELESTONE EHWDPHWKDVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ Rx: coughs cellulose sodium phosphate &$/&,%,1' ELQGVFDOFLXP CODIMAL DH (hydrocodone): phenylephrine, pyrilamine, narcotic antitussive / 388 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Medications decongestant Rx: colds, allergies DARAPRIM (pyrimethamine): antiparasitic Rx: malaria, toxoplasmosis CODIMAL DM (dextromethorphan): phenylephrine, pyrilamine, non-narcotic antitus- DARVOCET-N SURSR[\SKHQHQDSV\ODWHDFHWDPLQRSKHQ $3$3QDUFRWLF sive / decongestant Rx: colds, allergies analgesic CODIMAL PH (codeine): phenylephrine, pyrilamine, narcotic antitussive / deconges- DARVON (propoxyphene napsylate + acetaminophen): narcotic analgesic tant compound Rx: colds, allergies DARVON COMPOUND SURSR[\SKHQHQDSV\ODWHDFHWDPLQRSKHQ $6$FDIIHLQH coenzyme q-10 4%,' KHOSVPDLQWDLQKHDOWK\PXVFOHLQFUHDVHV$73SURGXFWLRQ narcotic analgesic compound coenzyme q-10 8%,4*(/ KHOSVPDLQWDLQKHDOWK\PXVFOHLQFUHDVHV$73SURGXF- DAYPRO R[DSUR]LQ 16$,'5[ DUWKULWLV tion Rx: mitochondrial cytopathy DDAVP (desmopressin acetate): antidiuretic hormone Rx: nocturia, diabetes COGENTIN (benztropine): antiparkinsonian Rx: EPS insipidus COGNEX WDFULQH FKROLQRPLPHWLF$FKDVHLQKLELWRU5[ $O]KHLPHU¶V'LVHDVH DECADRON GH[DPHWKDVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ COLACE (docusate): stool softener DECADRON L.A. GH[DPHWKDVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ COLBENEMID (probenecid): cotchicine, uricosuric Rx: gout DECLOMYCIN (demeclocycline): antibiotic colesevelam (WELCHOL): lowers cholesterol Rx: high cholesterol DECONAMINE (chlorpheniramine maleate + d-pseudoephedrine hydrochloride): COLESTID (colestipol): reduces serum cholesterol antihistamine/decongestant Rx: allergies/colds colestipol (COLESTID): reduces serum cholesterol DECONSAL II (pseudoephedrine): guaifenesin, decongestant / expectorant Rx: COMBIPATCH (estradiol): norethindrone, estrogens Rx: menopause symptoms colds COMBIPRES (donidine): chlorthalidone, antihypertensive/diuretic DEFEN-LA (pseudoephedrine): guaifenesin, decongestant, expectorant Rx: the COMBIVENT (albuterol): ipratnopium, bronchodilators Rx: asthma common cold COMBIVIR ODPLYXGLQH ]LGRYXGLQHDQWLYLUDOV5[ +,9$,'6 deferoxamine '(6)(5$/ LURQFKHODWRU5[ LURQWR[LFLW\ COMPAZINE (prochlorperazine):phenothlazine antiemetic delavirdine (RESCRIPTOR): antiviral Rx: HIV COMPRO (prochlorperazine):phenothiazine antiemetic DELTASONE (prednisone): steroid anti-infammatory Rx: rheumatoid arthritis, COMTAN (entacapone): extends the effect of Sinemet Rx: Parkinson’s severe asthma CONCERTA PHWK\OSKHQLGDWH VWLPXODQW5[ DWWHQWLRQGH¿FLWK\SHUDFWLYLW\GLVRUGHU DEMADEX (torsemide): diuretic Rx: HTN, edema, CHF, kidney disease, liver in children, narcolepsy disease CONDYLOX SRGR¿OR[ DQWLPLWRWLF5[ DQRJHQLWDOZDUWV demecarium (HUMORSOL): topical miotic Rx: glaucoma COPAXONE (glatiramer): neurotogic agent Rx: Multiple Sclerosis demeclocycline (DECLOMYCIN): antibiotic COPTIC EAR DROPS (chloroxylenol): pramoxine, hydrocortisone, antiseptic, DEMEROL (meperidine hydrochloride): narcotic analgesic DQWLIXQJDOVWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DEMSER (metyrosine): antihypertensive Rx: pheochromocytoma CORDARONE DPLRGDURQH DQWLDUUK\WKPLF5[ YHQWULFXODUWDFKLFDUGLD¿EULODWLRQ DEMULEN, oral contraceptive CORDRAN ÀXUDQGUHQROLGH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DENAVIR (penciclovir): topical anti-viral Rx: recurrent cold sores COREG (carvedilol):& b-blocker Rx: HTN, CHF, angina DEPACON (divalproex sodium): antiepileptic Rx: absence seizures CORMAX GREHODVRO VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ GHUPDWRVHV DEPAKENE (valproic acid): antiepileptic Rx: epilepsy CORTENEMA K\GURFRUWLVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ FROLWLV DEPAKOTE (divalproex): antiepileptic Rx: absence seizures CORTIFOAM K\GURFRUWLVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ SURFWLWLV DEPEN SHQLFLOODPLQH '0$5'5[ DUWKULWLVSDLQ CORTISOL K\GURFRUWLVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DEPO-MEDROL PHWK\OSUHGQLVRORQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ cortisone &25721( VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DEPONIT (nitroglycerin): transdermal nitrate Rx: angina CORTISPORIN (neomycin): polymyxin, hydrocortisone, antibiotic / steroid anti- DEPO-PROVERA (medroxyprogesterone acetate): contraceptive / anticancer LQÀDPPDWRU\ DJHQW5[ HQGRPHWULDORUUHQDO&$ CORTONE FRUWLVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DEPRENYL VHOHJLOLQH 0$2LQKLELWRU5[ 3DUNLQVRQ¶VGLVHDVH CORZIDE EHQGURÀXPHWKOD]LGH QDGROROEEORFNHUGLXUHWLF5[ +71 DERIFIL (chlorophyllin copper): internal deodorant Rx: colostomy, incontinence COSOPT (timolol): dorzolamide, b-blocker, decreases intraocular pressure Rx: DESFERAL (deferoxamine): iron-chelator Rx: iron toxicity glaucoma desipramine hydrochloride 12535$0,1 WULF\FOLFDQWLGHSUHVVDQW COTAZYM, COTAZYM-S (pancrelipase): digestive enzyme Rx: pancreatitis, cystic desloratadine &/$5,1(; DQWLKLVWDPLQH5[ VHDVRQDODOOHUJLFUKLQLWLV ¿EURVLV desmopressin acetate ''$93 DQWLGLXUHWLFKRUPRQH5[ QRFWXULDGLDEHWHV COUMADIN (warfarin): anticoagulant Rx: thrombosis prophylaxis insipidus COVERA HS (verapamil): calcium blocker Rx: HTN, angina desmopressin acetate 67,0$7( SLWXLWDU\KRUPRQH5[ KHPRSKLOLD COZAAR (losartan): antihypertensive DESOGEN (desogestrel): estradiol, oral contraceptive CREON (pancrelipase): pancreatic enzyme replacement desogestrel (DESOGEN): estradiol, oral contraceptive CRIXIVAN LQGLQDYLU SURWHDVHLQKLELWRUDQWLYLUDO5[ $,'6 desonide '(62:(1 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ cromolyn *$6752&520 DQWLDVWKPDWLFDQWLDOOHUJLF5[ GLDUUKHD+$XUWLFDULD desonide 75,'(6,/21 DQWLÀDPPDWRU\VWHURLGFUHDP5[ YDULHW\RIVNLQ nausea conditions cromolyn sodium ,17$/ DQWLDOOHUJLF5[ DVWKPDSURSK\OD[LV DESOWEN GHVRQLGH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ cromolyn sodium 1$6$/&520 DQWLDVWKPDWLFDQWLDOOHUJLFPHGLFDWLRQ5[ desoximetasone 723,&257 DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\FUHDP5[ YDULRXVVNLQ asthma, allergies conditions CUMARA (estradiol hormone) Rx: menopause DESOXYN (methamphetamine hydrochloride): stimulant CUPRIMINE SHQLFLOODPLQH FKHODWLQJDJHQWDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ :LOVRQ¶VGLVHDVH DESYREL (trazodone hydrochloride): anti-depressant Rx: depression arthritis, heavy metal toxicity DETROL (tolterodine tartrate): cholinergic Rx: urinary urgency CUTIVATE ÀXWLFDVRQH WRSLFDOVWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ GHUPDWRVHV dexamethasone '(&$'521/$ VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ cyanocobalamin 1$6&2%$/ YLWDPLQ%5[ DQHPLD dexamethasone '(&$'521 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (FLEXERIL): skeletal muscle relaxant DEXEDRINE (dextroamphetamine sulfate): stimulant CYCLOCORT DPFLQRQLGH DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW5[ 6NLQGLVRUGHUV dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride )2&$/,1 cyclophosphamide &<72;$1 DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ +RGJNLQ¶VGLVHDVHO\PSKR- dextroamphetamine '(;75267$7 VWLPXODQW5[ DWWHQWLRQGH¿FLWK\SHUDFWLYLW\ mas antihistamine /decongestant, allergies disorder, narcolepsy cyclosporine 6$1',0081( LPPXQRVXSSUHVVDQWDJHQW5[ SURSK\OD[LVRI dextroamphetamine sulfate (DEXEDRINE): stimulant rejection of transplanted organs dextromethorphan &2',0$/'0 SKHQ\OHSKULQHS\ULODPLQHQRQQDUFRWLF cyclosporine 6$1*&<$ LPPXQRVXSSUHVVDQWDJHQW5[ SURSK\OD[LVRIUHMHFWLRQ antitussive / decongestant Rx: colds, allergies of transplanted organs dextromethorphan ',$%(7866'0 DQWLWXVVLYH5[ FRXJK CYCRIN (medroxyprogesterone acetate): hormone Rx: uterine bleeding dextromethorphan '85$7866'0 JXDLIHQHVLQDQWLWXVVLYHH[SHFWRUDQW5[ cyctoserine (SEROMYCIN): antibiotic Rx: TB, UTI colds, allergies cydosporine 1(25$/ LPPXQRVXSSUHVVDQW5[ RUJDQWUDQVSODQW dextromethorphan (FENESIN DM): guaifenesin, antitussive / expectorant Rx: CYLERT SHPROLQH VWLPXODQW5[ $WWHQWLRQ'H¿FLW'LVRUGHULQFKLOGUHQ colds cyproheptadine 3(5,$&7,1 DQWLKLVWDPLQH dextromethorphan (MUCO-FEN DM): guaifenesin, antitussive / expectorant CYSTADANE (betaine anhydrous): reduce homocysteine in the blood Rx: Rx: colds homocystinuria dextromethorphan 5(63$'0 JXDLIHQHVLQDQWLWXVVLYHH[SHFWRUDQW CYSTOSPAZ, CYSTOSPAZ-M (hyoscyamine): urinary tract antispasmodic dextromethorphan 7866'$5; SVHXGRHSKHGULQHDQWLWXVVLYHGHFRQJHVWDQW CYTOMEL (liothyronine): thyroid hormone Rx: hypothyroidism dextromethorphan 7866,25*$1,',1'0 LRGLQDWHGJO\FHURODQWLWXVVLYH CYTOTEC PLVRSURVWRO SUHYHQWVJDVWULFXOFHUVFDXVHGE\16$,'V mucolyfc, expectorant Rx: COPD, asthma, colds CYTOVENE JDQFLFWRYLU DQWLYLUDO5[ F\WRPHJDWRYLUXV$5&$,'6 DEXTROSTAT GH[WURDPSKHWDPLQH VWLPXODQW5[ DWWHQWLRQGH¿FLWK\SHUDFWLYLW\ CYTOXAN (cyclophosphamide): anticancer agent Rx: Hodgkin’s disease, lympho- disorder, narcolepsy mas antihistamine /decongestant, allergies DIABETA (glyburide): oral hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes DIABE-TUSS DM (dextromethorphan): antitussive Rx: cough D ------DIABINESE (chlorpropamide): oral hypoglycemic agent Rx: diabetes DALMANE ÀXUD]HSDPK\GURFKORULGH EHQ]RGLD]HSLQHV5[ LQVRPQLD DIAMOX (acetazolamide): diuretic / anticonvulsant Rx: glaucoma, CHF, epilepsy, danazol '$12&5,1( JRQDGRWURSLQLQKLELWRU5[ HQGRPHWULRVLV¿EURF\VWLF mountain sickness breast disease DIASTAT (diazepam): anxiolytic Rx: anxiety, seizure, panic disorder DANOCRINE GDQD]RO JRQDGRWURSLQLQKLELWRU5[ HQGRPHWULRVLV¿EURF\VWLFEUHDVW diazepam ',$67$7 DQ[LRO\WLF5[ DQ[LHW\VHL]XUHSDQLFGLVRUGHU disease diazepam 9$/,80 EHQ]RGLD]HSLQHK\SQRWLF DANTRIUM (dantrolene): skeletal muscle antispasmodic Rx: multiple sclerosis, diazoxide +<3(567$7 DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYH5[ +71 cerebral palsy diazoxide (PROGLYCEM): increases blood glucose Rx: hypoglycemia dantrolene '$175,80 VNHOHWDOPXVFOHDQWLVSDVPRGLF5[ PXOWLSOHVFOHURVLV DIBENZYUNE (phenoxybenzamine): alpha blocker Rx: HTN, sweating cerebral palsy dichlorphenamide '$5$1,'( FDUERQLFDQK\GUDVH,QKLELWRUORZHUVLQWUDRFXODU DARANIDE (dichlorphenamide): carbonic anhydrase Inhibitor - lowers intraocular pressure Rx: glaucoma pressure Rx: glaucoma diclofenac &$7$)/$0 16$,'DQDOJHVLF Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 389 Medications diclofenac 92/7$5(1 16$,'DQDOJHVLF5[ DUWKULWLV doxycycline 9,%5$7$%6 DQWLELRWLF diclofenac sodium + misoprostol $57+527(& 16$,'5[ DUWKULWLV doxycycline hyclate (DORYX): antibiotic dicyclomine hydochloride (BENTYL): Gl tract antispasmodic doxylamine (UNISOM): antihistamine sedative Rx: insomnia didanosine 9,'(; DQWLYLUDO5[ $,'6 DRAMAMINE (dimenhydrinate): antinauseant DIDRONEL (etidronate): bone metabolism regulator Rx: Paget’s disease, total dronabinol 0$5,12/ DSSHWLWHVWLPXODQW5[ ZHLJKWORVVLQ$,'6FKHPRWKHUDS\ hip replacement DULCOLAX (bisacodyl): laxative diethylpropion hydrochloride 7(18$7( DSSHWLWHVXSSUHVVDQW5[ ZHLJKWORVV DUPHALAC (lactulose): laxative Rx: constipation difenoxin (MOTOFEN): atropine, narcotic antidiarrheal agent DURAGESIC (fentanyl): fentanyl painkiller DIFFERIN (adapalene): topical retinoid Rx: acne DURAMORPH (morphine): narcotic analgesic DIFLUCAN ÀXFRQD]ROH DQWLIXQJDODJHQW DURATUSS (hydrocodone): pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin antitussive / decongestant GLÁXQLVDO '2/2%,' 16$,'DQDOJHVLF / expectorant Rx: colds, allergies digestive enzymes $5&2/$6(3/86 K\RVF\DPLQHDWURSLQHSKHQREDUELWDO DURATUSS DM (dextromethorphan): guaifenesin antitussive, expectorant Rx: Rx: poor digestion colds, allergies digestive enzymes $5&2/$6( 5[ SRRUGLJHVWLRQ DURATUSS G (guaifenesin expectorant) Rx: colds, allergies digestive enzymes .875$6( K\RVF\DPLQHSKHQ\OWROR[DPLQHDQWLVSDVPRGLF DURA-VENT (phenylpropanolamine): guaifenesin, decongestant / expectorant sedative Rx: indigestion DURICEF (cefadroxil monohydrate): antibiotic digestive enzymes (KU-ZYME) Rx: indigestion dutasteride $92'$57 VKULQNVHQODUJHGSURVWDWH5[ EHQLJKQSURVWDWLF digoxin /$12;,&$36 FDUGLDFJO\FRVLGH5[ &+)VXSUDYHQWULFXODU hyperplasia (BPH) dysrhythmias DYAZIDE (hctz): triamterene, antihypertensive / diuretic Rx: HTN digoxin /$12;,1 FDUGLDFJO\FRVLGH5[ &+)G\VUK\WKPLDV DYLIX (dyphyllin): xanthine bronchodilator Rx: asthma dihydrocodeine bitatrate + aspirin + caffeine 6<1$/*26'& DVSLULQFDI- DYNABAC (dirithromycin): antibiotic feine, narcotic analgesic compound DYNACIN (minocycline): antibiotic dihydroergotamine mesylate 0,*5$1$/ QDVDOVSUD\5[ PLJUDLQHV DYNACIRC CR (isradipine): calcium blocker Rx: HTN, angina DILACOR XR (diltiazern hydrochloride): calcium blocker Rx: HTN, angina dyphyllin (DYLIX): xanthine bronchodilator Rx: asthma DILANTIN (phenytoin sodium): anticonvulsant dyphylline (DILOR, DILOR-200, DILOR-400, DILOR ELIXIR): xanthine bronchodila- DILATRATE SR (isosorbide): long-acting nitrate Rx: angina tor Rx: asthma, COPD DILAUDID, DILAUDID HP (hydromorphone hydrochloride): narcotic analgesic dyphylline (DILOR-G): guaifenesin, bronchodilator/expectorant DILOR, DILOR-200, DILOR-400, DILOR ELIXIR (dyphylline): xanthine bronchodi- dyphylline (LUFYLLIN): bronchodilator Rx: COPD, asthma lator Rx: asthma, COPD DYRENIUM (triamterene): potassium-sparing diuretic Rx: CHF DILOR-G (dyphylline): guaifenesin, bronchodilator/expectorant DYTUSS (diphenhydramine): alcohol, antihistamine diltiazern hydrochloride &$5',=(0&$5',=(0&' FDOFLXPEORFNHU5[ angina, HTN E ------diltiazern hydrochloride ',/$&25;5 FDOFLXPEORFNHU5[ +71DQJLQD EASPRIN DVD 16$,'DQDOJHVLF5[ DUWKULWLV econazole nitrate 63(&7$=2/( DQWLIXQJDODJHQW diltiazern hydrochloride 7,$=$& FDOFLXPEORFNHU5[ +71DQJLQD ECOTRIN HQWHULFFRDWHGDVSLULQ 16$,'DQDOJHVLF dimenhydrinate '5$0$0,1( DQWLQDXVHDQW EDECRIN (ethacrynic acid): diuretic Rx: CHF DIMETANE-DX (brompheniramine): pseudoephedrine, dextrornethorphan, edrophonium (TENSILON): cholinergic Rx: Myasthenia Gravis antihistamine / decongestant / antitussive EES (erythromycin): antibiotic DIOVAN (valsartan): angiotensin II inhibitor Rx: HTN efavirenz 6867,9$ DQWLYLUDO5[ +,9$,'6 DIPENTUM ROVDOD]LQHVRGLXP DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW5[ XOFHUDWLYHFROLWLV EFFEXOR, EFFEXOR XR (venlafaxine hydrochloride): antidepressant diphenhydramine %(1$'5diphtheria & tetanus toxoids 7(75$081( YDFFLQH ELMIRON (pentosan): urinary tract analgesic Rx: cystitis DIPRIVAN (propofol): general anesthetic agent ELOCON PRPHWDVRQHIXURDWH WRSLFDOVWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DIPROLENE (betamethasone dipropionate): synthetic cortisone-like steriod cream, ELSPAR (asparginase): antineoplastic Rx: leukemia, sarcoma gel or lotion Rx: itchy rashes EMCYT HVWUDPXVWLQH DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ SURVWDWH&$ dipyridamole 3(56$17,1( FHUHEUDO FRURQDU\YDVRGLODWRU5[ &9$DQJLQD EMLA (lidocaine): prilocaine, topical anesthetic dirithromycin '<1$%$& DQWLELRWLF E-MYCIN (erythromycin): antibiotic DISALCID VDOVDODWH 16$,'5[ DUWKULWLV enalapril 9$6(5(7,& +&7=DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHGLXUHWLF disopyramide phosphate 1253$&(1253$&(&5 DQWLDUUK\WKPLF enalapril maleate + felodipiine /(;;(/ IHORGLSLQH$&(LQKLELWRUFDOFLXPEORFNHU GLVXIÀUDP $17$%86( LQKLELWVPHWDEROLVPRIDOFRKRO5[ DOFRKRODGGLFWLRQ Rx: HTN DITROPAN, DITROPAN XL (oxybutynin chloride): anticholinergic/ antispasmodic enalaprilat 9$627(& $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71&+) Rx: urinary frequency, incontinence, dysuria ENBREL (etanercept): TNF blocker Rx: rheumatoid arthritis DIUCARDIN K\GURÀXPHWKLD]LGH DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHGLXUHWLF ENDAL-HD (hydrocodone): phenylephrine, chlorpheniramine, narcotic antitussive / DIURIL (chlorothiazide): antihypertensive / diuretic decongestant / antihistamine DIUTENSEN-R (methyctothiazide): reserpine, antihypertensive / diuretic compound ENDURON (methyclothiazide): antihypertensive / diuretic divalproex '(3$.27( DQWLHSLOHSWLF5[ DEVHQFHVHL]XUHV enoxacin (PENETREX): antibacterial Rx: STDs, UTI divalproex sodium '(3$&21 DQWLHSLOHSWLF5[ DEVHQFHVHL]XUHV entacapone &207$1 H[WHQGVWKHHIIHFWRI6LQHPHW5[ 3DUNLQVRQ¶V dobelasol &250$; VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ GHUPDWRVHV enteric-coated aspirin (&275,1 16$,'DQDOJHVLF docusate &2/$&( VWRROVRIWHQHU ENTEX CAPSULES (phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, guaifenesin): deconges- docusate 62)/$; VWRROVRIWHQHU5[ KHPRUUKRLGVKHUQLDVUHFDOVXUJHU\ tant / expectorant patients ENTEX LA (phenylpropanolamine, guaifenesin): decongestant / expectorant docusate 685)$./,48,*(/6 VWRROVRIWHQHU5[ KHPRUUKRLGVKHUQLDSDWLHQWV compound DOLOBID GLÀXQLVDO 16$,'DQDOJHVLF ENTEX PSE (pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin): decongestant/ expectorant DOLOPHINE (methadone): narcotic analgesic ENTOCORT EC EXGHVRQLGH DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\VWHURLGEXGHVRQLGH5[ &URKQ¶V domase alfa or dnase (PULMOZYME): lytic enzyme which dissolves infected lung disease VHFUHWLRQV5[ F\VWLF¿EURVLV ephedrine %521&+2/$7(6<583 JXDLIHQHVLQEURQFKRGLODWRUH[SHFWRUDQW5[ donepezil hydrochloride $5,&(37 FKROLQHUJLFHQKDQFHU5[ $O]KHLPHU¶V colds, bronchitis donidine (COMBIPRES): chlorthalidone, antihypertensive/diuretic ephedrine 0$5$; WKHRSK\OOLQHK\GUR[\]LQHEURQFKRGLODWRUFRPSRXQG5[ DONNAGEL (kaolin): pectin, belladonna alkaloids, antispasmodic / stool binder asthma Rx: diarrhea epinephrine $'5(1$/,1 EURQFKRGLODWRU5[ DVWKPD DONNATAL (phenobarbital + hyoscyamine sulfate + atropine sulfate): belladonna epinephrine (EPI-PEN): bronchodilator /vasoconstrictor Rx: allergic reaction alkaloids, barbiturate sedative, antispasmodic Rx: ulcers epinephrine 35,0$7(1(0,67 EURQFKRGLODWRU5[ DVWKPD '211$=<0(SDQFUHDWLFHQ]\PHV5[ SDQFUHDWLFLQVXI¿FLHQF\ EPI-PEN (epinephrine): bronchodilator /vasoconstrictor Rx: allergic reaction DOPRAM (doxapram): respiratory stimulant Rx: COPD, surgery EPIVIR 3TC (lamivudine): antiviral Rx: HIV DORAL (quazepam): sleeping medication Rx: insomnia epoetin alfa (EPOGEN): increases RBC production Rx: anemia DORYX (doxycycline hyclate): antibiotic EPOGEN (epoetin alfa): increases RBC production Rx: anemia dorzolamide (TRUSOPT) Rx: glaucoma, reduction of IOP eprosartan mesylate (TEVETEN): angiotensin II receptor blockers Rx: high blood DOSTINEX (cabergoline): dopaminergic Rx: hyperprolactinemia pressure DOVONEX (calcipotriene): topical agent Rx: psoriasis eprosartan mesylate hydrochlorothiazide (TEVETEN HCT): antihypertensive/ '235$0 UHVSLUDWRU\VWLPXODQW5[ &23'VXUJHU\ diuretic Rx: high blood pressure Append doxapram doxazosin mesylate &$5'85$ DOSKDEORFNHU5[ +71SURVWDWLFK\SHUWURSK\ EQUAGESIC PHSUREDPDWH $6$WUDQTXLOL]HUDQDOJHVLF doxepin hydrochloride 6,1(48$1 WULF\FOLFDQWLGHSUHVVDQW EQUANIL (meprobamate): tranquilizer DOXIL GR[RUXELFLQ DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ $,'6UHODWHGWXPRUV ERCAF (ergotamine): caffeine, vasoconstrictors Rx: migraine headache doxorubicin '2;,/ DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ $,'6UHODWHGWXPRUV ERGAMISOL OHYDPLVROH LPPXQRPRGXODWRU5[ FRORQ&$ doxycycline (MONODOX): antibiotic ergoloid mesylates (HYDERGINE): relieves symptoms of declining mental capacity doxycycline 3(5,267$7 DQWLELRWLF ERGOMAR HUJRWDPLQH DQWLPLJUDLQH5[ YDVFXODU+$ doxycycline 9,%5$0<&,1 DQWLELRWLF ergotamine (5&$) FDIIHLQHYDVRFRQVWULFWRUV5[ PLJUDLQHKHDGDFKH 390 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Medications ergotamine (5*20$5 DQWLPLJUDLQH5[ YDVFXODU+$ felodipine (PLENDIL): calcium blocker Rx: HTN, angina ergotamine :,*5$,1( FDIIHLQHDOSKDEORFNHUFUDQLDOYDVRFRQVWULFWRU5[ FEMARA (letrozole): estrogen inhibitor Rx: breast cancer migraine headache FEMHRT (estrogen + progestin): HRT Rx: menopause ergotamine tartrate + caffeine &$)(5*27 SUHYHQWVYDVFXODUKHDGDFKHV5[ FENESIN (guaifenesin): expectorant Rx: colds migraine, migraine variants, cluster headaches FENESIN DM (dextromethorphan): guaifenesin, antitussive / expectorant Rx: colds ERYCETTE (erythromycin): antibiotic IHQRÀEUDWH(TRICOR): lowers cholesterol Rx: high cholestrol ERYPED (erythromycin): antibiotic fenoprofen 1$/)21 16$,'DQDOJHVLF ERY-TAB (erythromycin): antibiotic fentanyl '85$*(6,& IHQWDQ\OSDLQNLOOHU ERYTHROCIN (erythromycin): antibiotic FEOSOL, iron supplement erythromycin $.1(0<&,1 DQWLELRWLF5[ LQIHFWLRQ FERO-FOLIC-500 (iron): folic acid, vitamin C, vitamins erythromycin (EES): antibiotic FERO-GRAD-500 (iron): vitamin C, vitamin / mineral erythromycin (E-MYCIN): antibiotic FETRIN, iron, vitamin C, cyanocobalamin, vitamins erythromycin (ERYCETTE): antibiotic fexofenadine hydrochloride $//(*5$ DQWLKLVWDPLQH5[ DOOHUJLHV erythromycin (ERYPED): antibiotic ÀOJUDVWLP(NEUPOGEN): nutrient Rx: chemotherapy erythromycin (5<7$% DQWLELRWLF ÀQDVWHULGH 3523(&,$ 5[ KDLUORVVSUHYHQWLRQ erythromycin (ERYTHROCIN): antibiotic ÀQDVWHULGH 3526&$5 5[ SURVWDWLFK\SHUWURSK\ erythromycin (PCE): antibiotic FIORICET EXWDOELWDO $3$3FDIIHLQHDQDOJHVLF5[ +$ erythromycin 7+(5$0<&,1= DQWLELRWLF FIORICET WITH CODEINE EXWDOELWDO $3$3FDIIHLQHFRGHLQHVHGDWLYH erythromycin WRSLFDO $76 DQWLELRWLF5[ DFQH narcotic analgesic erythromycin + benzoyl peroxide %(1=$0<&,1 EHQ]R\OSHUR[LGHWRSLFDO FIORINAL EXWDOELWDODVSLULQFDIIHLQH $6$FDIIHLQHQRQQDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF antibiotic / keratolytic compound Rx: acne FIORINAL with CODEINE EXWDOELWDO $6$FDIIHLQHFRGHLQHQDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF HU\WKURP\FLQHWK\OVXFFLQDWHVXOÀVR[D]ROHDFHW\O 3(',$=2/( DQWLELRWLF compound compound FLAGYL (metronidazole): antimicrobial agent erythromycin, oral (ILOSONE): antibiotic Rx: Gonorrhea, pinkeye, acute pelvic ÁDYR[DWH 85,63$6 XULQDU\WUDFWDQWLVSDVPRGLF5[ XULQDU\LQFRQWLQHQFH LQÀDPPDWRU\GLVHDVH5HFWDOLQIHFWLRQV ÁHFDLQLGHDFHWDWH 7$0%2&25 YHQWULFXODUDQWLDQL\WKPLF escitalopram oxalate /(;$352 DQWLGHSUHVVDQW5[ GHSUHVVLRQ FLEXERIL (cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride): skeletal muscle relaxant ESCLIM (estradiol): treats low levels of estrogen Rx: menopause FLOMAX (tamsulosin hydrochloride): alpha-1 blocker Rx: enlarged prostate ESGIC (apap): caffeine, butalbital, analgesic / muscle relaxant / antianxiety FLONASE ÀXWLFDVRQH VWHURLG5[ DOOHUJLFUKLQLWLV compound Rx: headache FLORICAL ÀXRULGH FDOFLXPPLQHUDOVXSSOHPHQW ESGIC-PLUS EXWDOELWDO $3$3FDIIHLQHVHGDWLYHDQDOJHVLF FLOVENT ÀXWLFDVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ DVWKPD ESKALITH (lithium carbonate): tranquilizer Rx: mania, depression FLOXIN RÀR[DFLQ DQWLELRWLF esomeprazole magnesium (NEXIUM): suppresses gastric acid pump Rx: ulcers, ÁXFRQD]ROH ',)/8&$1 DQWLIXQJDODJHQW esophagitis ÁXF\WRVLQH $1&2%21 DQWLIXQJDODJHQW estazolam (PROSOM): hypnotic Rx: insomnia FLUMADINE ULPDQWDGLQH DQWLYLUDO5[ LQÀXHQ]D$ ESTRACE (estradiol): estrogen Rx: menopause ÁXQLVROLGH $(52%,' VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\LQKDOHU5[ DVWKPDEURQFKLWLV ESTRADERM (estradiol): topical estrogen Rx: menopause ÁXQLVROLGH 1$6$/,'( VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW estradiol $/25$ KRUPRQH5[ PHQRSDXVH ÁXQLVROLGH 1$6$5(/ VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ UKLQLWLV estradiol &20%,3$7&+ QRUHWKLQGURQHHVWURJHQV5[ PHQRSDXVHV\PSWRPV ÁXRFLQRORQH /,'(;/,'(;( VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW estradiol (ESCLIM): treats low levels of estrogen Rx: menopause ÁXRFLQRORQH 6<1(02/ WRSLFDOVWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ estradiol (675$&( HVWURJHQ5[ PHQRSDXVH ÁXRULGH )/25,&$/ FDOFLXPPLQHUDOVXSSOHPHQW estradiol (675$'(50 WRSLFDOHVWURJHQ5[ PHQRSDXVH ÁXRULGH 0212&$/ FDOFLXPPLQHUDOVXSSOHPHQW estradiol (VIVELLE) Rx: osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms ÁXRULGH 3(',$)/25 PLQHUDO5[ RVWHRSRURVLVGHQWDOFDQHV estradiol hormone &80$5$ 5[ PHQRSDXVH ÁXRURPHWKRORQH )0/ VWHURLGDOH\HRLQWPHQW5[ H\HLQÀDPPDWLRQ estradiol vaginal tablets 9$*,)(0 HVWURJHQUHSODFHPHQW5[ PHQRSDXVH ÁXRURXUDFLO(EFUDEX): cream used to treat overexposure to UV Rx: actinic or estramustine (0&<7 DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ SURVWDWH&$ solar keratoses ESTRATEST (estrogens methyltestosterone): methyltestosterone Rx: menopause ÁXR[HWLQH 352=$& KHWHURF\FOLFDQWLGHSUHVVDQW estrogen + progestin $&7,9(//$)(0+57 +RUPRQHUHSODFHPHQWWKHUDS\5[ ÁXR[HWLQHK\GURFKORULGH 6$5$)(0 DQWLGHSUHVVDQW5[ PDMRUGHSUHVVLRQ menopause, Vaginal atrophy ÁXUDQGUHQROLGH &25'5$1 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ estrogen + progestin (FEMHRT): HRT Rx: menopause ÁXUD]HSDPK\GURFKORULGH '$/0$1( EHQ]RGLD]HSLQHV5[ LQVRPQLD estrogens 0(1(67 KRUPRQHV5[ PHQRSDXVHEUHDVW&$SURVWDWLF&$ ÁXUELSURIHQ $16$,' 16$'5[ DUWKULWLV estrogens 35(0$5,1 5[ PHQRSDXVH ÁXWDPLGH (8/(;,1 DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ SURVWDWH&$ estrogens (PREMPRO): hormone Rx: menopause ÁXWLFDVRQH &87,9$7( WRSLFDOVWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ GHUPDWRVHV estrogens methyltestosterone (675$7(67 PHWK\OWHVWRVWHURQH5[ PHQRSDXVH ÁXWLFDVRQH )/21$6( VWHURLG5[ DOOHUJLFUKLQLWLV estropipate (OGEN): estrogen Rx: menopause ÁXWLFDVRQH )/29(17 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ DVWKPD estropipate (ORTHO-EST): estrogen Rx: menopause, osteoporosis ÁXWLFDVRQHSURSLRQDWH $'9$,5',6.86 RUDOLQKDOHU5[ DVWKPD ESTROSTEP (norethindrone): estradiol, oral contraceptive ÁXYDVWDWLQVRGLXP(LESCOL): cholesterol reducer etanercept (ENBREL): TNF blocker Rx: rheumatoid arthritis ÁXYR[DPLQH(LUVOX): antidepressant Rx: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ethacrynic acid (EDECRIN): diuretic Rx: CHF FML ÀXRURPHWKRORQH VWHURLGDOH\HRLQWPHQW5[ H\HLQÀDPPDWLRQ ethambutol 0<$0%872/ FKHPRWKHUDSHXWLF5[ WXEHUFXORVLV FOCALIN (dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride) ethchlorvynol 3/$&,'galantamine 5(0,1 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 391 Medications *(125$RUDOFRQWUDFHSWLYH decongestant GENOTROPIN VRPDWURSLQ JURZWKVWLPXODWRU5[ $,'6ZDVWLQJV\QGURPH HISTUSSIN HC (hydrocodone): phenylephrine, chlorpheniramine, narcotic antitussive growth disorders / decongestant / antihistamine gentamicin sulfate *$5$0<&,1237+$/0,& DQWLELRWLF5[ FRQMXQFWLYLWLV HIVID ]DLFLWDELQH DQWLYLUDO5[ $,'6 GEOCILLIN (carbenicillin): antibiotic hormone 0(/$721,1 5[ MHWODJGHSUHVVLRQ GEODON (ziprasidone hydrochloride): oral inhibitor serotonin and dopamine Rx: HUMALOG (insulin): hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes mellitus schizophrenia HUMATE-P (antihemophilic factor iv) Rx: hemophilia gerncitabine *(0=$5 DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ OXQJSDQFUHDWLF&$ HUMATROPE (somatropin): human growth hormone glatiramer &23$;21( QHXURWRJLFDJHQW5[ 0XOWLSOH6FOHURVLV HUMEGON (mentropins): gonadotropin hormone Rx: infertility glimepiride $0$5type 2 diabetes HYALGAN (sodium hyaluronate): intra-articular polymer injection Rx: osteoarthritis GLUCOPHAGE (metformin hydrochloride): oral hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes HYCAMTIN WRSRWHFDQ DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ RYDULDQKHSDWLF&$ GLUCOTROL (glipizide): oral hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes HYCODAN (hydrocodone): homatropine, narcotic antitussive GLUCOVANCE (glyburide + metformin): metformin, oral hypoglycemic HYCOMINE COMPOUND K\GURFRGRQH FKORUSKHQLUDPLQH$3$3FDIIHLQHSKHQ\O- GLUTOFAC-MX (vitamins): minerals Rx: dietary supplement ephrine, narcotic antitussive / antihistamine / decongestant Rx: colds, URI glyburide ',$%(7$ RUDOK\SRJO\FHPLF5[ GLDEHWHV HYCOMINE SYRUP (hydrocodone): phenylpropanolamine, narcotic antitussive / glyburide */<1$6( RUDOK\SRJO\FHPLF5[ GLDEHWHV decongestant Rx: cough, nasal congestion glyburide 0,&521$6( RUDOK\SRJO\FHPLF5[ GLDEHWHV HYCOTUSS (hydrocodone): guaifenesin, narcotic antitussive / expectorant glyburide + metformin */8&29$1&( PHWIRUPLQRUDOK\SRJO\FHPLF HYDERGINE (ergoloid mesylates): relieves symptoms of declining mental capacity glycerol 7866,25*$1,',1 FRGHLQHQDUFRWLFDQWLWXVVLYHH[SHFWRUDQW hydralazine +<'5$=,'( +&7=DQWLWK\SHUWHQVLYHGLXUHWLF compound HYDRA-ZIDE (hydralazine): HCTZ, antithypertensive / diuretic glycopyrrolate (ROBINUL, ROBINUL FORTE): anticholinergic Rx: peptic ulcers HYDREA K\GUR[\XUHD DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ PHODQRPDOHXNHPLDRYDULDQ&$ GLYNASE (glyburide): oral hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes HYDROCET K\GURFRGRQHELWDUWUDWHDFHWRPLQRSKHQ $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF GLYSET (miglitol): oral hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes comp. GOLYTELY (polyethylene glycol): electrolytes, bowel evacuant hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ): antihypertensive / diuretic Rx: HTN goserelin gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist =2/$'(; 5[ hydrochlorothiazide + triamterene 0$;=,'( +&7=DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHGLXUHWLF endometriosis Rx: HTN granisetron (KYTRIL): antinauseant / antiemetic hydrocodone $1$3/(;+' SKHQ\OHSKULQHFKORUSKHQLUDPLQHQDUFRWLFDQWLWXVVLYH GRIFULVIN V (griseofulvin): antifungal Rx: ringworm / decongestant / antihistamine GRISACTIN (griseofulvin): antifungal agent hydrocodone &2',&/($5'0 JXDLIHQHVLQQDUFRWLFDQWLWXVVLYHH[SHFWRUDQW griseofulvin (FULVICIN): antifungal agent Rx: coughs griseofulvin (GRIFULVIN V): antifungal Rx: ringworm hydrocodone &2',0$/'+ SKHQ\OHSKULQHS\ULODPLQHQDUFRWLFDQWLWXVVLYH griseofulvin *5,6$&7,1 DQWLIXQJDODJHQW decongestant Rx: colds, allergies griseofulvin (GRIS-PEG): antifungal Rx: ringworm hydrocodone '85$7866 SVHXGRHSKHGULQHJXDLIHQHVLQDQWLWXVVLYHGHFRQJHV- GRIS-PEG (griseofulvin): antifungal Rx: ringworm tant / expectorant Rx: colds, allergies GUAIFED, GUAIFED-PD (guaifenesin): pseudoephedrine, expectorant / hydrocodone (1'$/+' SKHQ\OHSKULQHFKORUSKHQLUDPLQHQDUFRWLFDQWLWXVVLYH decongestant decongestant / antihistamine guaifenesin $1$7866'0 SVHXGRHSKHGULQHGH[WURPHWKRUSKDQH[SHFWRUDQW hydrocodone (HISTUSSIN D): pseudoephedrine, narcotic antitussive / decongestant decongestant / antitussive hydrocodone (HISTUSSIN HC): phenylephrine, chlorpheniramine, narcotic antitus- guaifenesin $1$7866/$ SVHXGRHSKHGULQHH[SHFWRUDQWGHFRQJHVWDQW sive / decongestant / antihistamine guaifenesin (FENESIN): expectorant Rx: colds hydrocodone +<&2'$1 KRPDWURSLQHQDUFRWLFDQWLWXVVLYH guaifenesin *8$,)('*8$,)('3' SVHXGRHSKHGULQHH[SHFWRUDQW hydrocodone +<&20,1(&203281' FKORUSKHQLUDPLQH$3$3FDIIHLQHSKHQ\O- decongestant ephrine, narcotic antitussive / antihistamine / decongestant Rx: colds, URI guaifenesin +80,%,'/$ H[SHFWRUDQW5[ FROGV hydrocodone (HYCOMINE SYRUP): phenylpropanolamine, narcotic antitussive / guaifenesin 08&2)(1/$ H[SHFWRUDQW5[ FROGV decongestant Rx: cough, nasal congestion guaifenesin (NOREL): phenylpropanolamine, phenylephrine, expectorant / hydrocodone (HYCOTUSS): guaifenesin, narcotic antitussive / expectorant decongestant Rx: colds hydrocodone /25&(7/25&(7+'/25&(73/86 $3$3QDUFRWLF guaifenesin 25*$1,',115 H[SHFWRUDQW5[ EURQFKLWLV analgesic compound guaifenesin (PNEUMOMIST): expectorant Rx: asthma, bronchitis hydrocodone /257$% $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF guaifenesin 5(63$*) H[SHFWRUDQW hydrocodone 1$/(;'+ SKHQ\OHSKULQHDOFRKROQDUFRWLFDQWLWXVVLYHGHFRQ- guaifenesin 52%,7866,1$& FRGHLQHDOFRKROH[SHFWRUDQWFRXJKVXSSUHV- gestant Rx: colds sant Rx: colds hydrocodone 125&2&0 $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLFFRPSRXQG guaifenesin (ROBITUSSIN): expectorant hydrocodone 7866$)('+& SKHQ\OHSKULQHJXDLIHQHVLQQDUFRWLFDQWLWXVVLYH guaifenesin 52%,7866,1$& FRGHLQHDOFRKROSVHXGRHSKHGULQHH[SHFWR- decongestant / expectorant rant, cough suppressant, decongestant Rx: colds hydrocodone 7866(1'(;3(&725$17 SVHXGRHSKHGULQHJXDLIHQHVLQQDUFRWLF guaifenesin 6$)(7866,1 GH[WURPHWKRUSKDQH[SHFWRUDQWDQWLWXVVLYH antitussive / decongestant / expectorant guaifenesin expectorant '85$7866* 5[ FROGVDOOHUJLHV hydrocodone 9,&2',1+39,&2',1(6 $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLFDQWLWXVVLYH guaitenesin (PNEUMOTUSSIN HC): hydrocodone, expectorant / narcotic compound antitussive hydrocodone (VICODIN TUSS): guaifenesin, narcotic analgesic / antitussive GUAI-VENT (pseudoephedrine): guaifenesin, decongestant / expectorant Rx: expectorant compound colds, bronchitis hydrocodone (VICOPROFEN): ibuprofen, narcotic analgesic compound guanadrel (HYLOREL): sympatholytic antihypertensive hydrocodone bitartrate + acetominophen +<'52&(7 $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF guanfacine (TENEX): antihypertensive agent comp. GYNAZOLE-I (butoconazole): antifungal Rx: yeast infections hydrocodone polistirex + chlorpheniramine polistirex (TUSSIONEX): chlorpheni- GYNE-LOTRIMIN (clotrimazole): antifungal agent Rx: ringworm, athlete’s foot, ramine, narcotic antitussive / antihistamine Rx: coughs, allergies, the cold jock itch hydrocodone. pseudoephedrine 7866(1'6<5837866(1'7$%/(76 chlorpheniramine, narcotic antitussive / decongestant / antihistamine H ------hydrocortisone $1862/+& VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ HABITROL (nicotine) Rx: relief of nicotine withdrawal symptoms hydrocortisone &257(1(0$ VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ FROLWLV HALCION (triazolam): benzodiazepine hypnotic Rx: insomnia hydrocortisone &257,)2$0 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ SURFWLWLV HALDOL (haloperidol): major tranquilizer hydrocortisone &257,62/ VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ HALFPRIN (aspirin) Rx: acute MI prophylaxis hydrocortisone +<'52&25721( VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ haloperidol +$/'2/ PDMRUWUDQTXLOL]HU hydrocortisone +<721( VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ hctz $/'$&7$=,'( VSLURQRODFWRQHGLXUHWLFV5[ +71 hydrocortisone /2&2,' VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ hctz '<$=,'( WULDPWHUHQHDQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHGLXUHWLF5[ +71 hydrocortisone 3(1(&257 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ HCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide): antihypertensive / diuretic Rx: HTN hydrocortisone 35$02621( SUDPR[LQHVWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQHVWKHWLF hctz (HYDRODIURIL): antihypertensive / diuretic Rx: dermatoses hctz (MICROZIDE): thiazlde antihypertensive / diuretic hydrocortisone 7(55$&2575,/ R[\WHWUDF\FOLQHVWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ HEALTHY HEART (vitamins): vitamin supplement antibiotic Rx: ocular infections HELIDAC THERAPY (bismuth subsalicylate + metronidazole + tetracycline HYDROCORTONE K\GURFRUWLVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ hydrochloride) Rx: stomach ulcers HYDRODIURIL (hctz): antihypertensive / diuretic HEMOCYTE (iron): iron supplement K\GURÁXPHWKLD]LGH ',8&$5',1 DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHGLXUHWLF HEMOCYTE F ELIXIR (iron): vitamins, alcohol, vitamin / mineral supplement hydromorphone hydrochloride ',/$8','',/$8','+3 QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF (iron): folic acid, iron supplement Rx: hepatic hydroxychloroquine 3/$48(1,/ DQWLPDODULDODJHQW Append HEMOCYTE F TABLETS dysfunction hydroxyurea +<'5($ DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ PHODQRPDOHXNHPLDRYDULDQ&$ HEMOCYTE PLUS (iron): vitamins, minerals, vitamin / mineral supplement hydroxyzine 9,67$5,/ DQWLHPHWLFDQWLKLVWDPLQHVHGDWLYH hepatitisvaccine 9$47$ LQDFWLYDWHGYLUXVYDFFLQH hydroxyzine hydrochloride $7$5$; VHGDWLYHWUDQTXLOL]HUDQWLKLVWDPLQH5[ hepatitis b vaccine 5(&20%,9$;+% YDFFLQH5[ KHSDWLWLV% urticaria, anxiety HEP-FORTE (protein): vitamins, mineral, nutritional supplement HYGROTON (chlorthalidone): antihypertensive / diuretic HEXALEN (altretamine): anticancer agent Rx: ovarian cancer HYLOREL (guanadrel): sympatholytic antihypertensive HISTUSSIN D (hydrocodone): pseudoephedrine, narcotic antitussive / hyoscyamine &<67263$=&<67263$=0 XULQDU\WUDFWDQWLVSDVPRGLF 392 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Medications hyoscyamine sulfate (LEVBID): antispasmodic Rx: ulcers K ------hyoscyamine sulfate (LEVSIN, LEVSINEX): antispasmodic Rx: ulcers KADIAN (morphine sulfate): narcotic analgesic HYPERSTAT (diazoxide): antihypertensive Rx: HTN KALETRA (lopinavir + ritonavir): protease inhibitors Rx: HIV HYTONE K\GURFRUWLVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ kaolin '211$*(/ SHFWLQEHOODGRQQDDONDORLGVDQWLVSDVPRGLFVWRROELQGHU HYTRIN (terazosin hydrochloride): antihypertensive agent Rx: diarrhea HYZAAR (losartan potassium + hydrochlorothiazide): antihypertensive Rx: high kaolin .$23(&7$7( SHFWLQVWRROELQGHU5[ GLDUUKHD blood pressure KAOPECTATE (kaolin): pectin, stool binder Rx: diarrhea KAYEXALATE (sodium polystyrene): ion exchange resin Rx: hyperkalemia I ------kci (K-LOR): potassium supplement IBERET (iron): vitamins, mineral, vitamin / mineral supplement kci (KLOR-CON): potassium supplement IBU OEXSURIHQ 16$,'DQDOJHVLF kci .7$% SRWDVVLXPVXSSOHPHQW ibuprofen $'9,/ 16$,'DQDOJHVLF K-DUR (potassium chloride): treats and prevents low potassium levels Rx: ibuprofen 0275,1 QRQVWHURLGDODQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\GUXJ5[ UKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV digitalis patients menstrual pain, mild to moderate pain KEFLEX (cephalexin hydrochloride): antibiotic ibuprofen 1835,1 16$,'DQDOJHVLF KEFTAB (cephalexin): antibiotic ILETIN (insulin preparations) Rx: diabetes mellitus KEFUROX (cefuroxime): antibiotic ILOSONE (erythromycin, oral): antibiotic Rx: Gonorrhea, pinkeye, acute pelvic KEFZOL (cefazolin): antibiotic LQÀDPPDWRU\GLVHDVH5HFWDOLQIHFWLRQV KEPPRA (levetiracetam): epileptic medication Rx: epileptic seizure IMDUR (isosorbide mononitrate): long-acting nitrate Rx: angina KERLONE (betaxolol): beta-1 blocker Rx: HTN imiglucerase (CEREZYME): enzyme Rx: Gauchers disease ketoconazole 1,=25$/ DQWLIXQJDODJHQW5[ \HDVWLQIHFWLRQV imipramine hydrochloride 72)5$1,/ WULF\FOLFDQWLGHSUHVVDQW ketoprofen 258',6 16$,'5[ DUWKULWLV IMITREX (sumatriptan succinate) Rx: migraine headache ketoprofen 2589$,/ 16$,'DQDOJHVLF immune globulin (WINRHO SD): immunizing agent Rx: prevents isoimmunization in ketorolac tromethamine 725$'2/ 16$,'DQDOJHVLF pregnant Rh- women given Rh+ blood ketorrolac tromethamine $&8/$5 QRQVWHURLGDODQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\GUXJ5[ IMODIUM (loperamide hydrochloride): slows peristalsis Rx: diarrhea allergies IMODIUM A-D (loperamide): anti-diarrheal agent ketotifen fumarate =$',725 DQWLKLVWDPLQH5[ DOOHUJLHV IMURAN (azathioprine): immunosuppressant Rx: organ transplants, ulcerative colitis, KIE SYRUP (potassium iodide): ephedrine, expectorant / bronchodilator Rx: lupus, severe arthritis asthma indapamide (LOZOL): antihypertensive / diuretic KINERET (anakinra): antirheumatic drug Rx: rheumatoid arthritis INDERAL, INDERAL LA (propranolol hydrochloride): b-blocker Rx: HTN, angina, KIONEX (sodium polystyrene): ion exchange resin Rx: hyperkalemia cardiac dysrilythmias, MI, and migraine headache KLARON (sulfacetamide): antibacterial INDERIDE (propranolol hydrochloride): HCTZ, beta blocker, antihypertensive / KLONOPIN (clonazepam): benzodiazepine hypnotic Rx: seizures diuretic compound Rx: hypertension K-LOR (kci): potassium supplement indinavir &5,;,9$1 SURWHDVHLQKLELWRUDQWLYLUDO5[ $,'6 KLOR-CON (kci): potassium supplement INDOCIN, INDOCIN SR LQGRPHWKDFLQ 16$,'5[ DUWKULWLV KOGENATE (antihemophilic factor viii) Rx: hemophilia indomethacin ,1'2&,1,1'2&,165 16$,'5[ DUWKULWLV K-PHOS (potassium phosphate): potassium ion INFERGEN (interferon alfacon-1): antiviral Rx: hepatitis C KRISTALOSE (lactulose): stool softener Rx: constipation INH (isoniazld): antibiotic Rx: tuberculosis KRONOFED-A (pseudoephedrine): chlorpheniramine, decongestant, antihistamine insulin +80$/2* K\SRJO\FHPLF5[ GLDEHWHVPHOOLWXV Rx: colds, allergies insulin (HUMULIN N, HUMULIN R): hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes KUTRASE (digestive enzymes): hyoscyamine, phenyltoloxamine, antispasmodic/ insulin /$1786 K\SRJO\FHPLFDJHQW5[ GLDEHWHV sedative Rx: indigestion insulin (NOVOLIN) Rx: diabetes mellitus KU-ZYME (digestive enzymes) Rx: indigestion insulin (VELOSULIN): hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes mellitus KWELL (lindane): parasiticide Rx: lice, scabies insulin preparations (ILETIN) Rx: diabetes mellitus KYTRIL (granisetron): antinauseant / antiemetic INTAL (cromolyn sodium): antiallergic Rx: asthma prophylaxis interferon %(7$6(521 LPPXQRORJLF5[ 0XOWLSOH6FOHURVLV L ------interferon 52)(521$ LPPXQRDGMXYDQW5[ KDLU\FHOOOHXNHPLD$,'6UHODWHG labetalol 75$1'$7( EHWDEORFNHU5[ K\SHUWHQVLRQ Kaposi’s sarcoma labetalol hydrochloride (NORMODYNE): beta blocker Rx: HTN, angina interferon alfa (REBETRON): ribavirin, antivirals Rx: Hepatitis C LAC-HYDRIN (ammonium lactate): treats dry scaly skin Rx: ichthyosis vulgaris interferon alfacon-1 (INFERGEN): antiviral Rx: hepatitis C LACTOCAL-F (multivitamin / mineral supplement) interteron $921(; DQWLYLUDO5[ 06 lactulose '83+$/$& OD[DWLYH5[ FRQVWLSDWLRQ INVERSINE (mecamylamine): antihypertensive agent lactulose .5,67$/26( VWRROVRIWHQHU5[ FRQVWLSDWLRQ INVIRASE (saquinavir): protease inhibitor antiviral Rx: HIV LAMICTAL (lamotrigine): anticonvulsant Rx: seizures iodoquinol (YODOXIN): amebicide Rx: intestinal amebiasis LAMISIL WHUELQD¿QHK\GURFKORULGH DQWLIXQJDO5[ IXQJDOLQIHFWLRQV IONAMIN (phentermine hydrochloride): stimulant Rx: appetite suppression lamivudine &20%,9,5 ]LGRYXGLQHDQWLYLUDOV5[ +,9$,'6 ipratropium bromide $7529(17 DQWLFKROLQHUJLFEURQFKRGLODWRU5[ &23' lamivudine (EPIVIR 3TC): antiviral Rx: HIV irbesartan $9$352 DQJLRWHQVLQ,,UHFHSWRUDQWDJRQLVW5[ GLDEHWHV lamotrigine /$0,&7$/ DQWLFRQYXOVDQW5[ VHL]XUHV irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide $9$/,'( FRQWUROVDQJLRWHQVLQ,,GLXUHWLF LANOXICAPS (digoxin): cardiac glycoside Rx: CHF, supraventricular iron &+520$*(1 YLWDPLQ&IROLFDFLG5[ DQHPLDV dysrhythmias iron (FE-50): iron supplement LANOXIN (digoxin): cardiac glycoside Rx: CHF, dysrhythmias iron (FERO-FOLIC-500): folic acid, vitamin C, vitamins lansoprazole 35(9$&,' JDVWULFDFLGSXPSLQKLELWRU5[ XOFHUVHVRSKDJLWLV iron )(52*5$' YLWDPLQ&YLWDPLQPLQHUDO LANTUS (insulin): hypoglycemic agent Rx: diabetes iron )80$7,1,& YLWDPLQVYLWDPLQPLQHUDOVXSSOHPHQW LARIAM (metloquine): antimalarial agent iron (HEMOCYTE F ELIXIR): vitamins, alcohol, vitamin / mineral supplement LASIX (furosemide): loop diuretic drug Rx: high blood pressure, congestive heart iron +(02&<7()7$%/(76 IROLFDFLGLURQVXSSOHPHQW5[ KHSDWLFG\VIXQFWLRQ failure, cirrhosis of the liver, kidney disease iron (HEMOCYTE PLUS): vitamins, minerals, vitamin / mineral supplement lbuprofen ,%8 16$,'DQDOJHVLF iron (HEMOCYTE): iron supplement lead chelator (CHEMET) Rx: lead poisoning iron (IBERET): vitamins, mineral, vitamin / mineral supplement OHÁXQRPLGH $5$9$ DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ UKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV iron (NIFEREX-PN, NIFEREX-PN FORTE): multivitamins, iron / vitamin supplement LESCOL ÀXYDVWDWLQVRGLXP FKROHVWHUROUHGXFHU iron (NIPEREX, NIFEREX-150): mineral Rx: anemia letrozole )(0$5$ HVWURJHQLQKLELWRU5[ EUHDVWFDQFHU iron (NIPEREX-150 FORTE): vitamins, iron / vitamin supplement LEUKERAN (chlorambucil): anticancer agent Rx: leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s iron (NU-IRON PLUS): vitamins, iron/vitamin supplement disease iron (NU-IRON V): vitamins, iron/vitamin supplement LEUKINE (sargramostim): white blood cell mobilizer Rx: chemotherapy, bone iron (NU-IRON) Rx: anemia marrow transplant ISMO (isosorbide mononitrate): vasodilator Rx: angina leuprolide acetate (LUPRON DEPOT): hormone Rx: endometriosis isometheptene mucate + dichloralphenazone + acetaminophen (MIDRIN): dichlo- levamisole (5*$0,62/ LPPXQRPRGXODWRU5[ FRORQ&$ UDOSKHQD]RQH$3$3YDVRFRQVWULFWRUVHGDWLYHDQDOJHVLF5[ KHDGDFKH LEVAQUIN OHYRÀR[DFLQ DQWLEDFWHULDO5[ SQHXPRQLD isoniazid 5,)$7(5 ULIDPSLQS\UD]LQDPLGHDQWLELRWLF5[ 7% LEVATOL (penbutolol): beta blocker Rx: hypertension isoniazld (INH): antibiotic Rx: tuberculosis LEVBID (hyoscyamine sulfate): antispasmodic Rx: ulcers ISOPTIN SR (verapamil hydrochloride): calcium blocker Rx: angina, HTN, headache levetiracetam .(335$ HSLOHSWLFPHGLFDWLRQ5[ HSLOHSWLFVHL]XUH ISOPTO CARPINE (pilocarpine hydrochloride): reduces pressure in the eye Rx: LEVLEN 21, 28 (levonorgestrel): estradiol, oral contraceptive glaucoma levobunolol hydrochloride %(7$*$1 H\HGURSV5[ FKURQLFRSHQDQJOH ISORDIL (isosorbide dinitrate): long-acting nitrate Rx: angina glaucoma isosorbide ',/$75$7(65 ORQJDFWLQJQLWUDWH5[ DQJLQD levocamitine &$51,725 5[ FDUQLWLQHGH¿FLHQF\ isosorbide dinitrate (ISORDIL): long-acting nitrate Rx: angina LEVO-DROMORAN (levorphanol): narcotic analgesic isosorbide dinitrate 625%,75$7( QLWUDWH5[ DQJLQD OHYRÁR[DFLQ /(9$48,1 DQWLEDFWHULDO5[ SQHXPRQLD isosorbide mononitrate (IMDUR): long-acting nitrate Rx: angina levomethadyl 25/$$0 RSLDWHDJRQLVW5[ QDUFRWLFDGGLWLRQ isosorbide mononitrate (ISMO): vasodilator Rx: angina levonorgestrel $/(66($/(66( HVWUDGLRORUDOFRQWUDFHSWLYH isosorfaide mononitrate (MONOKET): nitrate Rx: angina levonorgestrel (LEVLEN 21, 28): estradiol, oral contraceptive isotretinoin $&&87$1( 5[ VHYHUHF\VWLFDFQH levonorgestrel /(925$ HVWUDGLRORUDOFRQWUDFHSWLYH isradipine '<1$&,5&&5 FDOFLXPEORFNHU5[ +71DQJLQD levonorgestrel 1253/$17 FRQWUDFHSWLYH itraconazole 6325$12; DQWLIXQJDO LEVORA (levonorgestrel): estradiol, oral contraceptive ivermectin (STROMECTOL): anti-parasite Rx: intestinal nematodes levorphanol /(92'52025$1 QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 393 Medications LEVOTHROID (levothyroxine): thyroid hormone magnesium *$9,6&21 DOXPLQXPDQWDFLGOD[DWLYH levothyroxine (LEVOTHROID): thyroid hormone magnesium 0$*2; PLQHUDOGLHWDU\VXSSOHPHQW levothyroxine (LEVOXYL): thyroid hormone magnesium 0$*6$/ SKHQ\WWROR[DPLQHVHGDWLYHFRPSRXQG levothyroxine (SYNTHROID): synthetic thyroid hormone Rx: goiter, thyroid magnesium 0$*7$%65 QXWULWLRQDOVXSSOHPHQW cancer magnesium 8520$* PDJQHVLXPVXSSOHPHQW levothyroxine (UNITHYROID): synthetic thyroid hormone Rx: goiters, thyroid magnesium carbonate 0$*&$5% QXWULWLRQDOVXSSOHPHQW disease magnesium gluconate 0$*21$7( HOHFWURO\WHVHGDWLYH5[ DOFRKROLVP+71 LEVOXYL (levothyroxine): thyroid hormone asthma LEVSIN, LEVSINEX (hyoscyamine sulfate): antispasmodic Rx: ulcers MAGONATE (magnesium gluconate): electrolyte sedative Rx: alcoholism, HTN, LEXAPRO (escitalopram oxalate): antidepressant Rx: depression asthma LEXXEL HQDODSULOPDOHDWHIHORGLSLLQH IHORGLSLQH$&(LQKLELWRUFDOFLXP MAG-OX (magnesium): mineral dietary supplement blocker Rx: HTN MAGSAL (magnesium): phenyttoloxamine,sedative compound LIBRAX (chlordiasepoxide hydrochloride + clidinium bromide) Rx: peptic ulcers, MAGTAB SR (magnesium): nutritional supplement irritable bowel syndrome, acute enterocolitis MALARONE (atovaquone): proguanil, antimalarial agents LIBRIUM (chlordiazepoxide): benzodiazepine hypnotic MARAX (ephedrine): theophylline, hydroxyzine, bronchodilator compound Rx: LIDEX, LIDEX E ÀXRFLQRORQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW asthma lidocaine (0/$ SULORFDLQHWRSLFDODQHVWKHWLF MARINOL GURQDELQRO DSSHWLWHVWLPXODQW5[ ZHLJKWORVVLQ$,'6FKHPRWKHUDS\ LIMBITROL, LIMBITROL DS (chlordiazepoxide): amitriptyline, benzodiazepine 0$7(51$YLWDPLQVXSSOHPHQW hypnotic / tricyclic antidepressant Rx: depression with anxiety MATULANE (procarbazine): anticancer drug Rx: Hodgkin’s disease lindane (KWELL): parasiticide Rx: lice, scabies MAVIK WUDQGRODSULO $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71 linezolid (ZYVOX): oxazolidinone antibiotic Rx: pneumonia, skin infections MAXAIR (pirbuterol): beta-2 stimulant Rx: asthma, COPD liothyronine (CYTOMEL): thyroid hormone Rx: hypothyroidism MAXALT (rizatriptan benzoate) Rx: migraines liotrix 7+<52/$5 WK\URLGKRUPRQH MAXAQUIN ORPHÀR[DFLQK\GURFKORULGH DQWLELRWLF LIPITOR (atorvastatin): antihyperlipidemic Rx: high cholesterol MAXZIDE (hydrochlorothiazide + triamterene): HCTZ, antihypertensive/diuretic lisinopril 35,1,9,/ $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71&+) Rx: HTN lisinopril (PRINZIDE): HCTZ, antihypertensive compound MEBARAL (mephobarbital): barbiturate sedative / anticonvulsant lisinopril =(6725(7,& +&7=$&(LQKLELWRUGLXUHWLF5[ +71 mebendazole (VERMOX): anthelminthic Rx: intestinal worms lisinopril =(675,/ $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71&+) mecamylamine (INVERSINE): antihypertensive agent lithium (LITHOBID): antimanic agent Rx: depression, mania meclizine (BONINE): antiemetic Rx: N&V, vertigo lithium carbonate (6.$/,7+ WUDQTXLOL]HU5[ PDQLDGHSUHVVLRQ meclizine hydrochloride $17,9(57 DQWLQDXVHDQW5[ YHUWLJR LITHOBID (lithium): antimanic agent Rx: depression, mania MEDIGESIC EXWDOELWDO $3$3FDIIHLQHDQDOJHVLFFRPSRXQG5[ KHDGDFKH /2295$//2295$/RUDOFRQWUDFHSWLYH MEDIPLEX (vitamin / mineral complex) LOCOID K\GURFRUWLVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ MEDROL (methylprednisolone): corticosteroid drug Rx: rheumatoid arthritis, acute LODINE, LODINE XL HWRGRODF 16$,'DQDOJHVLF gouty arthritis, severe asthma LODRANE ALLERGY CAPSULES (brompheniramine): antihistamine medroxyprogesterone $0(1 KRUPRQH5[ HQGRPHWULRVLVDPHQRUUKHDXWHULQH LODRANE LD CAPSULES (brompheniramine): pseudoephedrine, antihistamine bleeding / decongestant medroxyprogesterone 35(03+$6( HVWURJHQVKRUPRQHV5[ PHQRSDXVH LODRANE LIQUID (brompheniramine): pseudoephedrine, antihistamine / osteoporosis decongestant medroxyprogesterone 3529(5$ KRUPRQH5[ DPHQRUUKHD LOESTRIN 21, FE (norethindrone): estradiol, oral contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate (CYCRIN): hormone Rx: uterine bleeding ORPHÁR[DFLQK\GURFKORULGH 0$;$48,1 DQWLELRWLF medroxyprogesterone acetate '(323529(5$ FRQWUDFHSWLYHDQWLFDQFHU LOMOTIL (diphenoxylate hydrochloride): atropine, narcotic antidiarrheal / DJHQW5[ HQGRPHWULDORUUHQDO&$ antispasmodic compound MEFOXIN (cefoxitin): antibiotic LONOX (diphenoxylate): atropine, narcotic antidiarrileal / antispasmodic compound MEGACE PHJHVWURO DSSHWLWHVWLPXODQW5[ DQRUH[LDZLWK$,'6 DOVRDQWLQHRSODVWLF loperamide ,02',80$' DQWLGLDUUKHDODJHQW 5[EUHDVWHQGRPHWULDO&$ loperamide hydrochloride (IMODIUM): slows peristalsis Rx: diarrhea MEGADOSE (vitamin / mineral complex) LOPID JHP¿EUR]LO ORZHUVVHUXPOLSLGV megestrol 0(*$&( DSSHWLWHVWLPXODQW5[ DQRUH[LDZLWK$,'6 DOVRDQWLQHRSODV- lopinavir + ritonavir .$/(75$ SURWHDVHLQKLELWRUV5[ +,9 WLF5[EUHDVWHQGRPHWULDO&$ LOPRESSOR (metoprolol tartrate): b-1 blocker Rx: hypertension MELATONIN (hormone) Rx: jet lag, depression LOPRESSOR HCT (metoprolol tartrate): hydrochlorothiazide, b-1 blocker, diuretic MELLARIL (thioridazine hydrochloride) Rx: schizophrenia Rx: hypertension meloxicam 02%,& 16$,'DQDOJHVLF LOPROX (ciclopirox): antifungal Rx: ringworm, Candida melphalan $/.(5$1 DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ PXOWLSOHP\HORPDRYDULDQ&$ LORABID (loracarbef): antibiotic Rx: sinusitis MENEST HVWURJHQV KRUPRQHV5[ PHQRSDXVHEUHDVW&$SURVWDWLF&$ loracarbef /25$%,' DQWLELRWLF5[ VLQXVLWLV MENTAX EXWHQD¿QH DQWLIXQJDO5[ ULQJZRUPDWKOHWH¶VIRRW loratadine &/$5,7,1 QRQVHGDWLQJDQWLKLVWDPLQH5[ DOOHUJLHV mentropins (HUMEGON): gonadotropin hormone Rx: infertility loratadine &/$5,7,1' SVHXGRHSKHGULQHDQWLKLVWDPLQHGHFRQJHVWDQW5[ mentropins 3(5*21$/ JRQDGRWURSLQKRUPRQH5[ VWLPXODWHVRYXODWLRQ allergic rhinitis spermatogenesis lorazepam $7,9$1 EHQ]RGLD]HSLQHK\SQRWLF mentropins (REPRONEX): fertility drug, Induces ovulation LORCET 10/650, LORCET HD, LORCET PLUS K\GURFRGRQH $3$3QDUFRWLF MEPERGAN (meperidine): promethazine, narcotic analgesic, phenothiazine sedative analgesic compound / antiemetic LORTAB K\GURFRGRQH $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF meperidine 0(3(5*$1 SURPHWKD]LQHQDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLFSKHQRWKLD]LQHVHGDWLYH losartan &2=$$5 DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYH / antiemetic losartan potassium + hydrochlorothiazide +<=$$5 DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYH5[ meperidine hydrochloride (DEMEROL): narcotic analgesic high blood pressure mephobarbital 0(%$5$/ EDUELWXUDWHVHGDWLYHDQWLFRQYXOVDQW LOTENSIN EHQD]HSULOK\GURFKORULGH $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71&+) MEPHYTON (vitamin k-1) Rx: coagulation disorders LOTENSIN HCT EHQD]HSULOK\GURFKORULGHK\GURFKORURWKLD]LGH $&(LQKLELWRU meprobamate (48$*(6,& $6$WUDQTXLOL]HUDQDOJHVLF + diuretic Rx: HTN meprobamate (48$1,/ WUDQTXLOL]HU LOTREL (amiodipine + benazepril hydrochloride): benazepril, calcium blocker / meprobamate (MILTOWN): tranquilizer $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71 MEPRON DWRYDTXRQH DQWLELRWLF5[ SQHXPRF\VWLVFDULQLLSQHXPRQLDLQ$,'6 LOTRIMIN (clotrimazole): antifungal agent mercaptopurine (PURINETHOL): antileukemia agent LOTRISONE (clotrimazole + betamethasone dipropionate): betamethasone, topical MERIDIA (sibutramine hydrochloride): weight loss Rx: obesity DQWLIXQJDOVWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\FRPSRXQG mesalamine $6$&2/ DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW5[ FROLWLV LOTRONEX (alosetron): antidiari+ieal Rx: irritable bowel syndrome mesalamine 3(17$6$ IRUXOFHUDWLYHFROLWLV lovastatin $/72&25 UHGXFHV/'/FKROHVWHURO mesalamine 52:$6$ DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ FROLWLVSURFWLWLV lovastatin 0(9$&25 ORZHUVVHUXPFKROHVWHURO mesoridazine besylate (SERENTIL):major tranquilizer lovastatin + niacin $'9,&25 ORZHUVFKROHVWHURO MESTINON (pyridostigmine): anticholinesterase Rx: myasthenia gravis LOW- OGESTREL, oral contraceptive METAGLIP (glipizide + metformin hydrochloride): antidiabetic medication Rx: type loxapine /2;,7$1( WUDQTXLOL]HU 2 diabetes LOXITANE (loxapine): tranquilizer metaproterenol sulfate $/83(17 %HWDEURQFKRGLODWRU5[ &23'DVWKPD LOZOL (indapamide): antihypertensive / diuretic metaxalone 6.(/$;,1 VHGDWLYHDQDOJHVLF LUFYLLIN (dyphylline): bronchodilator Rx: COPD, asthma metenamic acid 32167(/ 16$,'DQDOJHVLF LUMIGAN (bimatoprost): reduces pressure in the eye Rx: open-angle glaucoma metformin hydrochloride */8&23+$*( RUDOK\SRJO\FHPLF5[ GLDEHWHV LUPRON DEPOT (leuprolide acetate): hormone Rx: endometriosis methadone (DOLOPHINE): narcotic analgesic LURIDE VRGLXPÀRXULGH ÀRXULGHWUHDWPHQW5[ WRRWKGHFD\ methamphetamine hydrochloride (DESOXYN): stimulant LUVOX ÀXYR[DPLQH DQWLGHSUHVVDQW5[ 2EVHVVLYH&RPSXOVLYH'LVRUGHU methazolamide 1(37$=$1( UHGXFHVDTXHRXVKXPRUSURGXFWLRQ5[ JODXFRPD (mitotane): chemotherapy agent Rx: adrenal (UREX): antiseptic Rx: UTI Append LYSODREN methenamine methenamine (URISED): methylene blue, salicylate, atropine, hyoscyamine, M ------antiseptic/analgesic/antispasmodic Rx: UTI 0$$/2;$QWDFLG methenamine 8524,'$&,'12 EDFWHULFLGH5[ 87, MACROBID (nitrofurantoin): antibacterial Rx: UTI METHERGINE (methylergonovine maleate): uterotonic Rx: postpartum hemorrhage MACRODANTIN (nitrofurantoin): antibacterial Rx: UTI methimazole 7$3$=2/( DQWLWK\URLG5[ K\SHUWK\URLGLVP MAG-CARB (magnesium carbonate): nutritional supplement methocarbamol 52%$;,1 VHGDWLYH5[ SDLQIXOPXVFXORVNHOHWDOFRQGLWLRQV magnesium (BEELITH): pyridoxine, magnesium / vitamin B6 supplement methocarbamol 52%$;,1 VHGDWLYH5[ SDLQIXOPXVFXORVNHOHWDOFRQGLWLRQV 394 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Medications methocarbamol 52%$;,6$/ DVSLULQVHGDWLYHDQDOJHVLF5[ SDLQIXOPXVFXOR- montelukast sodium 6,1*8/$,5 5[ DVWKPD skeletal conditions MONUROL (fosfomycin tromethamine): antibiotic Rx: UTI METHOTREXATE (rheumatrex and trexall): anticancer drug Rx: leukemia, moricizine (ETHMOZINE) Rx: severe ventricular dysrhythmias lymphoma morphine $675$0253+3) QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF methoxamine 9$62;metoclopramide hydrochloride 5(*/$1 ,PSURYHVJDVWULFHPSW\LQJ5[ MYCELEX, MYCELEX G (clotrimazole): antifungal Rx: candidiasis heartburn, ulcers MYCOBUTIN ULIDEXWLQ DQWLELRWLF5[ $,'6 metolazone (MYKROX): antihypertensive / diuretic MYCOSTATIN (nystatin): antifungal Rx: candidiasis metolazone =$52;2/<1 DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYHGLXUHWLF MYCO-TRIACET II (nystatin + triamcinolone acetonide): antifungal Rx: candidiasis metoprolol (TOPROL-XL): cardioselective beta blocker Rx: HTN, angina, MYKROX (metolazone): antihypertensive / diuretic arrhythmias MYLERAN (busulfan): anticancer agent Rx: leukemia metoprolol tartrate (LOPRESSOR HCT): hydrochlorothiazide, b-1 blocker, diuretic MYLICON VLPHWKLFRQH DQWLÀDWXOHQW Rx: hypertension MYSOLINE (primidone): anticonvulsant Rx: epilepsy metoprolol tartrate (LOPRESSOR): b-1 blocker Rx: hypertension METROGEL (metronidazole) Rx: Rosacea N ------metronidazole )/$* Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 395 Medications NESTABS CBF (multivitamins): vitamin supplement nystatin 0<&267$7,1 DQWLIXQJDO5[ FDQGLGLDVLV netilmicin (NETROMYCIN): antibiotic nystatin (NYSTOP): antifungal Rx: Candida NETROMYCIN (netilmicin): antibiotic nystatin + triamcinolone acetonide 0<&275,$&(7,, DQWLIXQJDO5[ FDQGLGLDVLV NEUPOGEN ¿OJUDVWLP QXWULHQW5[ FKHPRWKHUDS\ NYSTOP (nystatin): antifungal Rx: Candida NEURONTIN (gabapentin): antiepileptic NEUTREXIN WULPHWUH[DWH DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ &$DQGSQHXPRF\VWLVSQHXPRQLD O ------LQ$,'6 OBEGYN (vitamins and minerals) nevirapine 9,5$081( DQWLYLUDO5[ +,9 octreotide 6$1'267$7,1 DQWLGLDUULOHDOJURZWKLQKLELWRU5[ FDUFLQRLGWXPRU NEXIUM (esomeprazole magnesium): suppresses gastric acid pump Rx: ulcers, acromegaly, intestinal tumors, diarrhea esophagitis OCUFLOX RÀR[DFLQ RSWKDOPLFDQWLLQIHFWLYH5[ FRQMXQFWLYLWLVFRUQHDOXOFHUV niacin 1,$&25 YLWDPLQ%5[ ORZHUVVHUXPFKROHVWHURO RÁR[DFLQ(FLOXIN): antibiotic niacin 6/21,$&,1 UHGXFHVVHUXPFKROHVWHURO RÁR[DFLQ(OCUFLOX): opthalmic anti-infective Rx: conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers NIACIN (vitamin b-3): reduces serum cholesterol OGEN (estropipate): estrogen Rx: menopause NIACOR (niacin): vitamin B-3 Rx: lowers serum cholesterol olanzapine =<35(;$ PDQDJHVVFKL]RSKUHQLD5[ VFKL]RSKUHQLD nicardipine hydrochloride &$5'(1( FDOFLXPEORFNHU5[ DQJLQD+71 olmesartan medoxomil %(1,&$5 EORFNVDQJLRWHQVLQ,,5[ K\SHUWHQVLRQ NICORETTE, nicotine chewing gum Rx: cigarette withdrawal olopatadine 3$7$12/ 5[ DOOHUJLFFRQMXQFWLYLWLV nicotine +$%,752/ 5[ UHOLHIRIQLFRWLQHZLWKGUDZDOV\PSWRPV olsalazine sodium ',3(1780 DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW5[ XOFHUDWLYHFROLWLV nicotine 1,&2752/161,&2752/75$16'(50$/ 5[ UHOLHIRIQLFRWLQH omeprazole (PRILOSEC): gastric acid pump inhibitor Rx: ulcers, esophagitis withdrawal symptoms OMNICEF (cetdinir): antibiotic Rx: pneumonia, bronchitis NICOTROL NS, NICOTROL TRANSDERMAL (nicotine) Rx: relief of nicotine OMNIHIST LA (chlorpheniramine): phenylephrine, methscopalamine, antihistamine withdrawal symptoms / decongestant nifedipine $'$/$7$'$/$7&& &DEORFNHU5[ DQJLQD+71 ondansetron =2)5$1 DQWLQDXVHDQW5[ FKHPRWKHUDS\ nifedipine 352&$5',$352&$5',$;/ FDOFLXPFKDQQHOEORFNHU5[ DQJLQD oral contraceptive $35, hypertension oral contraceptive (OVCON) NIFEREX-PN, NIFEREX-PN FORTE (iron): multivitamins, iron / vitamin supplement ORAMORPH (morphine sulfate): narcotic analgesic NILANDRON QLOXWDPLGH DQWLDQGURJHQ5[ SURVWDWH&$ ORAP (pimozide): antipsychotic Rx: motor & phonic tics nilutamide 1,/$1'521 DQWLDQGURJHQ5[ SURVWDWH&$ ORASONE (prednisone): steroid Rx: rheumatoid arthritis, severe asthma nimodipine 1,02723 FDOFLXPFKDQQHOEORFNHULPSURYHVQHXURORJLFDOGH¿FLWV ORGANIDIN NR (guaifenesin): expectorant Rx: bronchitis after subarachnoid hemorrhage ORINASE (tolbutamide): oral antidiabetic medication Rx: type II diabetes NIMOTOP QLPRGLSLQH FDOFLXPFKDQQHOEORFNHULPSURYHVQHXURORJLFDOGH¿FLWV ORLAAM (levomethadyl): opiate agonist Rx: narcotic addition after subarachnoid hemorrhage orlistat ;(1,&$/ OLSDVH,QKLELWRU5[ REHVLW\ NIPEREX, NIFEREX-150 (iron): mineral Rx: anemia ORNADE (chlorpheniramine): phenylpropanolamine, antihistamine/ decongestant NIPEREX-150 FORTE (iron): vitamins, iron / vitamin supplement compound nisoldipine 68/$5 FDOFLXPFKDQQHOELRFNHU5[ +71 orphenadrine (NORFLEX): non-narcotic analgesic nitazoxanide $/,1,$ WUHDWVLQIHFWLRXVGLDUUKHD orphenadrine citrate + aspirin + caffeine (NORGESIC): non-narcotic analgesic NITRO-DUR (nitroglycerin): long-acting nitrate Rx: angina prophylaxis ORTHO EVRA (ethinyl estradiol + norelgestromin): contraceptive skin patch Rx: nitrofurantoin )85$'$17,1 DQWLEDFWHULDODJHQW5[ 87, birth control nitrofurantoin 0$&52%,' DQWLEDFWHULDO5[ 87, ORTHO TRI-CYCLEN-21, 28, oral contraceptive nitrofurantoin 0$&52'$17,1 DQWLEDFWHULDO5[ 87, ORTHO-CEPT 21, 28, oral contraceptive nitroglycerin (DEPONIT): transdermal nitrate Rx: angina ORTHO-CYCLEN-21, 28, oral contraceptive nitroglycerin (NITRO-DUR): long-acting nitrate Rx: angina prophylaxis ORTHO-EST (estropipate): estrogen Rx: menopause, osteoporosis nitroglycerin (NITROL): nitrate ointment Rx: angina ORTHO-NOVUM, oral contraceptive nitroglycerin 1,752/,1*8$/635$< QLWUDWH5[ DQJLQD ORUDIS NHWRSURIHQ 16$,'5[ DUWKULWLV nitroglycerin 1,75267$7 YDVRGLODWRU5[ DQJLQD ORUVAIL NHWRSURIHQ 16$,'DQDOJHVLF nitroglycerin 75$16'(501,752 QLWUDWHYDVRGLODWRU5[ DQJLQDSURSK\OD[LV OS-CAL (calcium and vitamin d supplement) NITROL (nitroglycerin): nitrate ointment Rx: angina oseltamivir phospate 7$0,)/8 QHXUDPLQLGDVHLQKLELWRUV5[ LQÀXHQ]D NITROLINGUAL SPRAY (nitroglycerin): nitrate Rx: angina OVCON (oral contraceptive) NITROSTAT (nitroglycerin): vasodilator Rx: angina OVRAL (oral contraceptive) NIX (permethrin): parasiticide Rx: head lice OVRETTE (norgestrel): oral contraceptive nizatidine $;,' +LVWDPLQHDQWDJRQLVWZKLFKLQKLELWVJDVWULFDFLGVHFUHWLRQ OXANDRIN (oxandrolone): anabolic steroid Rx: osteoporosis, weight loss Rx: ulcers oxandrolone 2;$1'5,1 DQDEROLFVWHURLG5[ RVWHRSRURVLVZHLJKWORVV NIZORAL (ketoconazole): antifungal agent Rx: yeast infections oxaprozin '$<352 16$,'5[ DUWKULWLV NOLAHIST (phenindamine): antihistamine Rx: allergies oxcarbazepine 75,/(37$/ DQWLVHL]XUH5[ HSLOHSV\ NOLAMINE (phenindamine): chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine, antihista- oxiconazole nitrate 2;,67$7 WRSLFDODQWLIXQJDODJHQW mine / decongestant OXISTAT (oxiconazole nitrate): topical antifungal agent NOLVADEX WDPR[LIHQFLWUDWH DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ EUHDVW&$ oxvcodone (TYLOX): acetaminophen, narcotic analgesic NORCO CM K\GURFRGRQH $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLFFRPSRXQG oxybutynin chloride ',7523$1',7523$1;/ DQWLFKROLQHUJLFDQWLVSDVPRGLF NORDETTE, oral contraceptive Rx: urinary frequency, incontinence, dysuria NOREL (guaifenesin): phenylpropanolamine, phenylephrine, expectorant / oxycodone 3(5&2&(7 $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF decongestant Rx: colds oxycodone 3(5&2'$1 DVSLULQQDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF NOREL PLUS (apap): phenyltoloxamine, chlorpheniramine, analgesic / deconges- oxymorphone 180253+$1 QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF tant / antihistamine Rx: colds oxytetracycline 7(55$0<&,1:++32/<51<;,1% DQWLELRWLFV norethindrone (ESTROSTEP): estradiol, oral contraceptive oxytetracycline 7(55$0<&,1 DQWLELRWLF norethindrone (LOESTRIN 21, FE): estradiol, oral contraceptive oxytetracycline (UBOBIOTIC): sulfamethizole, phenazopyridine, antibiotic / norethindrone (MICRONOR): oral contraceptive analgesic Rx: UTI norethindrone 1254' RUDOFRQWUDFHSWLYH norethindrone acetate $<*(67,1 KRUPRQH5[ DPHQRUUKHDHQGRPHWULRVLV P ------NORFLEX (orphenadrine): non-narcotic analgesic PACAPS EXWDOELODO FDIIHLQH$3$3VHGDWLYHDQDOJHVLF5[ KHDGDFKH QRUÁR[DFLQ(NOROXIN): urinary tract antibiotic PAMELOR (nortriptyline hydrochloride): tricyclic antidepressant NORGESIC (orphenadrine citrate + aspirin + caffeine): non-narcotic analgesic PANCREASE, PANCREASE MT SDQFUHDWLFHQ]\PHV 5[ F\VWLF¿EURVLV norgestrel (OVRETTE): oral contraceptive pancreatitis NORINYL, oral contraceptive pancreatic enzymes 3$1&5($6(3$1&5($6(07 5[ F\VWLF¿EURVLV NORMODYNE (labetalol hydrochloride): beta blocker Rx: HTN, angina pancreatitis NOROXIN QRUÀR[DFLQ XULQDU\WUDFWDQWLELRWLF pancreatic enzymes 8/75$6(8/75$6(07 5[ F\VWLF¿EURVLVSDQFUHDWLWLV NORPACE, NORPACE CR (disopyramide phosphate): antiarrhythmic pancreatic enzymes =<0$6( 5[ F\VWLF¿EURVLVSDQFUHDWLWLV NORPLANT (levonorgestrel): contraceptive pancrelipase &27$=<0&27$=<06 GLJHVWLYHHQ]\PH5[ SDQFUHDWLWLVF\VWLF NORPRAMIN (desipramine hydrochloride): tricyclic antidepressant ¿EURVLV NOR-QD (norethindrone): oral contraceptive pancrelipase (CREON): pancreatic enzyme replacement nortriptyline hydrochloride 3$0(/25 WULF\FOLFDQWLGHSUHVVDQW pancuronium 3$98/21 SDUDO\WLF5[ VXUJHU\HQGRWUDFKLDOLQWXEDWLRQ NORVASC (amiodipine besylate): calcium blocker Rx: HTN, angina pantoprazole (PROTONIX): proton pump inhibitor Rx: ulcers NORVIR (ritonavir): protease inhibitor antiviral Rx: HIV PARAFON FORTE (chlorzoxazone): acetaminophen, muscle relaxant / analgesic NOVOLIN (insulin) Rx: diabetes mellitus compound NUBAIN (nalbuphine): narcotic analgesic PARAPLATIN FDUERSODWLQ DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ RYDULDQ&$ NUCOFED (codeine): pseudoephedrine, narcotic antitussive / decongestant PARLODEL (bromocriptine mesylate): ergot Rx: Parkinson’s disease, hypogonad- compound ism, infertility, amenorrhea Append NUCOFED EXPECTORANT (codeine): pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin, narcotic PARNATE WUDQ\OF\SURPLQHVXOIDWH 0$2LQKLELWRU5[ GHSUHVVLRQ antitussive / decongestant / expectorant paroxetine hydrochloride 3$;,/ DQWLGHSUHVVDQW NU-IRON (iron) Rx: anemia PASER (aminosalicylic acid): bacteriostatic Rx: TB NU-IRON PLUS (iron): vitamins, iron/vitamin supplement PATANOL (olopatadine) Rx: allergic conjunctivitis NU-IRON V (iron): vitamins, iron/vitamin supplement PAVULON (pancuronium): paralytic Rx: surgery, endotrachial intubation NUMORPHAN (oxymorphone): narcotic analgesic PAXIL (paroxetine hydrochloride): antidepressant NUPRIN LEXSURIHQ 16$,'DQDOJHVLF PCE (erythromycin): antibiotic NUVARING (etonogestrel and ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring): contraceptive device PEDIACOF (codeine): phenylephrine, chlorpheniramine, potassium iodide, narcotic 396 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Medications antitussive / decongestant / antihistamine phenylpropanolamine 352)(1/$352)(1,, JXDLIHQHVLQGHFRQJHVWDQW PEDIAFLOR ÀXRULGH PLQHUDO5[ RVWHRSRURVLVGHQWDOFDQHV / expectorant PEDIAPRED (prednisolone sodium phosphate): steroid Rx: allergies, arthritis, MS phenylpropanolamine 3523$*(67 QDVDOGHFRQJHVWDQW PEDIAZOLE HU\WKURP\FLQHWK\OVXFFLQDWHVXO¿VR[D]ROHDFHW\O DQWLELRWLF phenylpropanolamine (SINUVENT): guaifenesin, decongestant/ expectorant compound phenylpropanolamine, guaifenesin (17(;/$ GHFRQJHVWDQWH[SHFWRUDQW PEDIOTIC (neomycin): polyrnyxin, hydrocortisone, antibiotic / steroid Rx: ear compound infections phenylpropanolamine, guaifenesin (;*(67/$ GHFRQJHVWDQWH[SHFWRUDQW PEGANONE (ethotoin): antiepileptic drug Rx: seizures phenytoin sodium ',/$17,1 DQWLFRQYXOVDQW pemirolast $/$0$67 SUHYHQWVLWFK\H\HV5[ DOOHUJLHV PHOTOFRIN SRU¿UQHU DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ HVRSKDJHDO&$OXQJ&$ pemoline &lacquer Rx: ringworm of the nails PNEUMOMIST (guaifenesin): expectorant Rx: asthma, bronchitis pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PENTRITOL): long-acting nitrate Rx: angina PNEUMOTUSSIN HC (guaitenesin): hydrocodone, expectorant / narcotic prophylaxis antitussive PENTASA (mesalamine): for ulcerative colitis PODOCON-25 (podophyllin): cytotoxic Rx: venereal warts pentazocine 7$/:,1&203281' $6$QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF SRGRÀOR[(CONDYLOX): antimitotic Rx: anogenital warts pentazocine 7$/:,11; QDOR[RQHQDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF podophyllin (PODOCON-25): cytotoxic Rx: venereal warts pentazocine + apap 7$/$&(1 QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF polyethylene glycol (GOLYTELY): electrolytes, bowel evacuant pentobarfaital 1(0%87$/ EDUELWXUDWHVHGDWLYHK\SQRWLF polyethylene glycol 0,5$/$; OD[DWLYH pentosan (ELMIRON): urinary tract analgesic Rx: cystitis polyrnyxin (NEOSPORIN OINTMENT): bacitracin, neomycin, antibiotic compound pentothal 7+,23(17$/ JHQHUDODQHVWKHWLF polythiazide (RENESE): antihypertensive/diuretic Rx: CHF, HTN pentoxifylline (PENTOXIL): reduces blood viscosity, improves circulation in POLYTRIM (trimethoprim): polyrnyxin, antibacterial Rx: Rx, eye infections peripheral vascular disease PONSTEL PHWHQDPLFDFLG 16$,'DQDOJHVLF pentoxifylline 75(17$/ UHGXFHVEORRGYLVFRVLW\LPSURYHVFLUFXODWLRQLQSHULSKHUDO SRUÀUQHU 3+272)5,1 DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ HVRSKDJHDO&$OXQJ&$ vascular disease POTABA DPLQREHQ]RDWH 5[ ¿EURVLVVFOHURGHUPD PENTOXIL (pentoxifylline): reduces blood viscosity, improves circulation in peripheral potassium (RUM-K): potassium supplement vascular disease potassium chloride (K-DUR): treats and prevents low potassium levels Rx: PENTRITOL (pentaerythritol tetranitrate): long-acting nitrate Rx: angina prophylaxis digitalis patients PEPCID (famotidine): Histamine-2 blocker which inhibits gastric acid production potassium citrate (UROCIT-K): urinary alkalinizer Rx: kidney stones Rx: ulcers potassium iodide (KIE SYRUP): ephedrine, expectorant / bronchodilator Rx: PERCOCET R[\FRGRQH $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF asthma PERCODAN (oxycodone): aspirin, narcotic analgesic potassium iodide 3,0$ H[SHFWRUDQW5[ DVWKPDEURQFKLWLV PERCODAN-DEMI (oxycodone): aspirin, narcotic analgesic potassium iodide (SSKI): expectorant PERCOLONE (oxycodone): narcotic analgesic potassium phosphate (K-PHOS): potassium ion PERDIEM (psyllium):bulk-forming laxative pramipexole dihydrochloride 0,5$3(; ERRVWVGRSDPLQHOHYHOV5[ pergolide 3(50$; GRSDPLQHUHFHSWRUVWLPXODWRU5[ 3DUNLQVRQ¶VGLVHDVH Parkinson’s disease PERGONAL (mentropins): gonadotropin hormone Rx: stimulates ovulation, PRAMOSONE K\GURFRUWLVRQH SUDPR[LQHVWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQHVWKHWLF spermatogenesis Rx: dermatoses PERIACTIN (cyproheptadine): antihistamine PRANDIN (repaglinide): Increases insulin release Rx: diabetes PERI-COLACE (casanthranol): docusate, laxative / stool softener PRAVACHOL (pravastatin): cholesterol reducer PERIDIN C (vitamins): antioxidants, dietary supplement pravastatin 35$9$&+2/ FKROHVWHUROUHGXFHU PERIGARD (chlorhexidine): oral rinse praziquantel %,/75,&,'( DQWKHOPLQWLF5[ VFKLVWRVRPLDVLVÀXNHV perindopril $&(21 $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71 prazosin (MINIZIDE): polythiazide, antihypertensive PERIOSTAT (doxycycline): antibiotic prazosin hydrochloride (MINIPRESS): alpha-1 blocker Rx: hypertension PERMAX (pergolide): dopamine receptor stimulator Rx: Parkinson’s disease PRECOSE (acarbose): delays carbohydrate digestion Rx: diabetes mellitus permethrin (ELIMITE): topical scabicidal agent Rx: scabies, lice prednisolone 35(/21(6<583 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ permethrin (NIX): parasiticide Rx: head lice prednisolone sodium phosphate 3(',$35(' VWHURLG5[ DOOHUJLHVDUWKULWLV perphenazine (75$)21 DPLWULSW\OLQHPDMRUWUDQTXLOL]HUWULF\FOLFDQWLGHSUHVVDQW MS Rx: anxiety with depression prednisone '(/7$621( VWHURLGDQWLLQIDPPDWRU\5[ UKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV perphenazine 75,/$)21 PDMRUWUDQTXLOL]HU severe asthma PERSANTINE GLS\ULGDPROH FHUHEUDO FRURQDU\YDVRGLODWRU5[ &9$DQJLQD prednisone 25$621( VWHURLG5[ UKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLVVHYHUHDVWKPD PFIZERPEN (penicillin): antibiotic prednisone 67(5$35('67(5$35(''6 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ PHENAPHEN WITH CODEINE (apap): codeine, narcotic analgesic PRELONE SYRUP SUHGQLVRORQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ phenazopyridine (PRODIUM): urinary tract analgesic Rx: UTI PRELU-2 (phendimetrazine): amphetamine appetite suppressant Rx: obesity phendimetrazine (PRELU-2): amphetamine appetite suppressant Rx: obesity PREMARIN (estrogens) Rx: menopause phenelzine sulfate 1$5',/ 0$2LQKLELWRU5[ GHSUHVVLRQEXOLPLD PREMPHASE (medroxyprogesterone): estrogens, hormones Rx: menopause, PHENERGAN (promethazine): phenothiazine sedative / antiemetic osteoporosis phenindamine 12/$+,67 DQWLKLVWDPLQH5[ DOOHUJLHV PREMPRO (estrogens): hormone Rx: menopause phenindamine 12/$0,1( FKORUSKHQLUDPLQHSKHQ\OSURSDQRODPLQHDQWLKLVWDPLQH prenatal vitamins $'9$1&('1$7$/&$5( SUHQDWDOVXSSOHPHQW / decongestant PREVACID (lansoprazole): gastric acid pump inhibitor Rx: ulcers, esophagitis phenobarbital + hyoscyamine sulfate + atropine sulfate '211$7$/ EHOODGRQQD PREVALITE (cholestyramine): cholesterol reducer alkaloids, barbiturate sedative, antispasmodic Rx: ulcers PRILOSEC (omeprazole): gastric acid pump inhibitor Rx: ulcers, esophagitis phenoxybenzamine (DIBENZYUNE): alpha blocker Rx: HTN, sweating PRIMATENE MIST (epinephrine): bronchodilator Rx: asthma phentermine )$67,1 VWLPXODQW5[ DSSHWLWHVXSSUHVVLRQ PRIMATENE TABLETS (theophylline): ephedrine, phenobarbital xanthine phentermine hydrochloride $',3(;3 DSSHWLWHVXSSUHVVDQWVWLPXODQW bronchodilator Rx: asthma phentermine hydrochloride ,21$0,1 VWLPXODQW5[ DSSHWLWHVXSSUHVVLRQ primidone (MYSOLINE): anticonvulsant Rx: epilepsy phenylephrine $752+,673/86 SKHQ\OSURSDQRODPLQHFKORUSKHQLUDPLQHK\RVF\- PRINIVIL OLVLQRSULO $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71&+) amine, atropine, scopolamine, decongestant / antihistamine Rx: allergies, colds PRINZIDE (lisinopril): HCTZ, antihypertensive compound phenylephrine (NEO-SYNEPHRINE): vasoconstrictor, decongestant probenecid %(1(0,' /LULFRVXULF5[ JRXW$OVRSURORQJVHIIHFWVRISHQLFLOOLQ phenylephrine 5<1$7$1 FKORUSKHQLUDPLQHS\ULODPLQHDQWLKLVWDPLQHGHFRQ- probenecid (COLBENEMID): cotchicine, uricosuric Rx: gout gestant compound procainamide 352&$1%,' DQWLDUUK\WKPLF phenylephrine 6,187$% JXDLIHQHVLQGHFRQJHVWDQWH[SHFWRUDQW PROCANBID (procainamide): antiarrhythmic phenylephrine, guaifenesin (EXTENDRYL): antihistamine, decongestant Rx: procarbazine 0$78/$1( DQWLFDQFHUGUXJ5[ +RGJNLQ¶VGLVHDVH allergies PROCARDIA, PROCARDIA XL (nifedipine): calcium channel blocker Rx: angina, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, guaifenesin (17(;&$368/(6 hypertension decongestant / expectorant prochlorperazine &203$=,1( SKHQRWKOD]LQHDQWLHPHWLF phenylpropanolamine '85$9(17 JXDLIHQHVLQGHFRQJHVWDQWH[SHFWRUDQW prochlorperazine (COMPRO):phenothiazine antiemetic PRODIUM (phenazopyridine): urinary tract analgesic Rx: UTI Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 397 Medications PROFEN-LA, PROFEN II (phenylpropanolamine): guaifenesin, decongestant / RENOVA (tretinoin): anti-acne, anti-wrinkle agent expectorant repaglinide 35$1',1 ,QFUHDVHVLQVXOLQUHOHDVH5[ GLDEHWHV PROGLYCEM (diazoxide): increases blood glucose Rx: hypoglycemia REPRONEX (mentropins): fertility drug, Induces ovulation promethazine 3+(1(5*$1 SKHQRWKLD]LQHVHGDWLYHDQWLHPHWLF REQUIP (ropinirole hydrochloride): dopaminergic Rx: Parkinson’s disease propafenone (RYTHMOL): antiarrhythmic Rx: severe ventricular dysrhythmias rescinnamine (MODERIL): antihypertensive PROPAGEST (phenylpropanolamine): nasal decongestant RESCRIPTOR (delavirdine): antiviral Rx: HIV PROPECIA ¿QDVWHULGH 5[ KDLUORVVSUHYHQWLRQ RESCULA (unoprostone): lowers Intraocular pressure Rx: glaucoma propofol ',35,9$1 JHQHUDODQHVWKHWLFDJHQW RESPA-DM (dextromethorphan): guaifenesin, antitussive / expectorant propoxyphene :<*(6,& $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF RESPA-GF (guaifenesin): expectorant propoxyphene napsylate + acetaminophen '$592&(71 $3$3QDUFRWLF RESPAHIST (brompheniramine): pseudoephedrine, antihistamine / decongestant analgesic RESPAIRE-SR (pseudoephedrine): guaifenesin, decongestant/expectorant propoxyphene napsylate + acetaminophen '$5921&203281' $6$ RESPA-LST (pseudoephedrine): guaifenesin, decongestant/ expectorant caffeine narcotic analgesic compound RESTORIL (temazepam):benzodiazepine hypnotic propoxyphene napsylate + acetaminophen '$5921 QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF RETIN-A (tretinoin): anti-acne, anti-wrinkle agent propranolol hydrochloride ,1'(5$/,1'(5$//$ EEORFNHU5[ +71 RETROVIR ]LGRYXGLQH DQWLYLUDODJHQW5[ +,9$,'6YLUXV angina, cardiac dysrilythmias, MI, and migraine headache REVIA (naltrexone hydrochloride): opioid antagonist, alcohol deterrent propranolol hydrochloride (INDERIDE): HCTZ, beta blocker, antihypertensive / REZUUN (troglitazone): oral hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes diuretic compound Rx: hypertension RHEUMATREX (trexall): anticancer drug Rx: lymphoma, leukemia PROPULSID (cisapride): increases gastric emptying rheumatrex and trexall 0(7+275(;$7( DQWLFDQFHUGUXJ5[ OHXNHPLD PROSCAR ¿QDVWHULGH 5[ SURVWDWLFK\SHUWURSK\ lymphoma PROSOM (estazolam): hypnotic Rx: insomnia RHINOCORT (budesonide): corticosteroid Rx: allergic rhinitis PROSTIGMIN (neostigmine): anticholinesterase Rx: myasthenia gravis ribavirin (REBETOL) Rx: Hepatitis C protein (HEP-FORTE): vitamins, mineral, nutritional supplement ribavirin 9,5$=2/( DQWLYLUDO5[ FKURQLF+HSDWLWLV& PROTID (apap): chlorpheniramine, phenylephrine, analgesic / antihistamine / RIDAURA DXUDQR¿Q DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\GUXJ5[ UKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV decongestant Rx: colds rifabutin 0<&2%87,1 DQWLELRWLF5[ $,'6 protirelin (THYREL TRH): increases release of thyroid stimulating hormone RIFADIN (rifampin): antibiotic Rx: tuberculosis, meningitis PROTONIX (pantoprazole): proton pump inhibitor Rx: ulcers RIFAMATE (rifampin): isoniazid, antibiotics Rx: tuberculosis protriptyline 9,9$&7,/ WULF\FOLFDQWLGHSUHVVDQW rifampin 5,)$',1 DQWLELRWLF5[ WXEHUFXORVLVPHQLQJLWLV PROTROPIN (somatrem): human growth hormone rifampin 5,)$0$7( LVRQLD]LGDQWLELRWLFV5[ WXEHUFXORVLV PROVENTIL HFA (albuterol): beta-2 bronchodilator Rx: asthma rifampin 5,0$&7$1( DQWLELRWLF5[ 7%PHQLQJLWLV PROVERA (medroxyprogesterone): hormone Rx: amenorrhea RIFATER (isoniazid): rifampin, pyrazinamide, antibiotic Rx: TB PROZAC ÀXR[HWLQH KHWHURF\FOLFDQWLGHSUHVVDQW RILUTEK ULOX]ROH 5[ DP\RWURSKLFODWHUDOVFOHURVLV$/6 pseudoephedrine '(&216$/,, JXDLIHQHVLQGHFRQJHVWDQWH[SHFWRUDQW riluzole 5,/87(. 5[ DP\RWURSKLFODWHUDOVFOHURVLV$/6 Rx: colds RIMACTANE (rifampin): antibiotic Rx: TB, meningitis pseudoephedrine '()(1/$ JXDLIHQHVLQGHFRQJHVWDQWH[SHFWRUDQW5[ WKH rimantadine )/80$',1( DQWLYLUDO5[ LQÀXHQ]D$ common cold risedronate $&721(/ VWUHQJWKHQVERQHVSUHYHQWVRVWHRSRURVLVELVSKRVSKRQDWH pseudoephedrine *8$,9(17 JXDLIHQHVLQGHFRQJHVWDQWH[SHFWRUDQW5[ Rx: paget’s disease, osteoporosis colds, bronchitis RISPERDAL (risperidone): antipsychotic Rx: schizophrenia pseudoephedrine .5212)('$ FKORUSKHQLUDPLQHGHFRQJHVWDQWDQWLKLVWD- risperidone 5,63(5'$/ DQWLSV\FKRWLF5[ VFKL]RSKUHQLD mine Rx: colds, allergies RITALIN, RITALIN-SR (methylphenidate hydrochloride): stimulant Rx: attention pseudoephedrine 5(63$,5(65 JXDLIHQHVLQGHFRQJHVWDQWH[SHFWRUDQW GH¿FLWGLVRUGHULQFKLOGUHQQDUFROHSV\ pseudoephedrine 5(63$/67 JXDLIHQHVLQGHFRQJHVWDQWH[SHFWRUDQW ritonavir (NORVIR): protease inhibitor antiviral Rx: HIV pseudoephedrine 68'$)('&2/' $//(5*< FKORUSKHQLUDPLQHGHFRQJHV- rivastigmine tartrate (;(/21 5[ $O]KHLPHU¶V tant / antihistamine rizatriptan benzoate 0$;$/7 5[ PLJUDLQHV pseudoephedrine 68'$)(' QDVDOGHFRQJHVWDQW RMS (morphine sulfate): narcotic analgesic suppositories pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin (ENTEX PSE): decongestant/ expectorant rnupirocin %$&752%$1 WRSLFDODQWLEDFWHULDO5[ VNLQ,QIHFWLRQV pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin =(3+5(;=(3+5(;/$ GHFRQJHVWDQW ROBAXIN (methocarbamol): sedative Rx: painful musculoskeletal conditions expectorant ROBAXIN 750 (methocarbamol): sedative Rx: painful musculoskeletal conditions psyllium (PERDIEM):bulk-forming laxative ROBAXISAL (methocarbamol): aspirin, sedative / analgesic Rx: painful musculo- PULMICORTIURBUHATER EXGHVRQLGH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ DVWKPD skeletal conditions PULMOZYME (domase alfa or dnase): lytic enzyme which dissolves infected lung ROBINUL, ROBINUL FORTE (glycopyrrolate): anticholinergic Rx: peptic ulcers VHFUHWLRQV5[ F\VWLF¿EURVLV ROBITUSSIN (guaifenesin): expectorant PURINETHOL (mercaptopurine): antileukemia agent ROBITUSSIN A-C (guaifenesin): codeine, alcohol, expectorant, cough suppressant pyridostigmine (MESTINON): anticholinesterase Rx: myasthenia gravis Rx: colds pyridostigmine (REGONOL): anticholinesterase Rx: Myasthenia Gravis ROBITUSSIN43AC (guaifenesin): codeine, alcohol, pseudoephedrine, expectorant, pyrimethamine '$5$35,0 DQWLSDUDVLWLF5[ PDODULDWR[RSODVPRVLV cough suppressant, decongestant Rx: colds ROCALTROL (calcitrol): vitamin D analog Rx: hypocalcemia, bone disease Q ------ROCEPHIN (ceftriaxone): antibiotic Q-BID FRHQ]\PHT KHOSVPDLQWDLQKHDOWK\PXVFOHLQFUHDVHV$73SURGXFWLRQ rofecoxib 9,2;; 16$,'DQDOJHVLF quazepam '25$/ VOHHSLQJPHGLFDWLRQ5[ LQVRPQLD ROFERON-A LQWHUIHURQ LPPXQRDGMXYDQW5[ KDLU\FHOOOHXNHPLD$,'6UHODWHG quetiapine fumarate 6(5248(/ DQWLSV\FKRWLF5[ VFKL]RSKUHQLD Kaposi’s sarcoma QUINAGLUTE (quinidine): antiarrhythmic Rx: supraventricular and ventricular ROGAINE (minoxidil): topical hair growing agent Rx: baldness, HTN dysrhythmias RONDEC CHEWABLE TABLET (brompheniramine): pseudoephedrine, antihistamine quinapril $&&835,/ $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71&+) / decongestant quinapril hydrochloride+hydrochlorothiazide $&&85(7,& RONDEC DM (carbinoxamine): pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, antihistamine / QUINIDEX (quinidine): antiarrtlythmic Rx: supraventricular and ventricular decongestant / antitussive dysrhythmias RONDEC ORAL DROPS, RONDEC SYRUP, RONDEC TABLET, RONDEC TR quinidine &$5',248,1 DQWLDUUK\WKPLF5[ FDUGLDFG\VUK\WKPLDV TABLET (carbinoxamine): pseudoephedrine, antihistamine / decongestant quinidine 48,1$*/87( DQWLDUUK\WKPLF5[ VXSUDYHQWULFXODUDQGYHQWULFXODU ropinirole hydrochloride 5(48,3 GRSDPLQHUJLF5[ 3DUNLQVRQ¶VGLVHDVH dysrhythmias rosiglitazone maleate $9$1',$ RUDOK\SRJO\FHPLF5[ GLDEHWHV rosiglitazone maleate, metformin hydrochoride $9$1'$0(7 RUDOK\SRJO\FHPLF R ------Rx: type II diabetes rabepiazote $23+(; LQKLELWVJDVWULFDFLGVHFUHWLRQ5[ XOFHUV ROWASA PHVDODPLQH DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ FROLWLVSURFWLWLV rabeprazole sodium $&,3+(; SURWRQSXPSLQKLELWRU5[ *(5'GXRGHQDO ROXANOL 100 (morphine): narcotic analgesic ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome ROXICET (acetaminophen oxycodone hydrochloride): narcotic analgesic Rx: raloxifene hydrochloride (9,67$ 5[ RVWHRSRURVLVSUHYHQWLRQ moderate to severe pain ramipril $/7$&( $&(LQKLELWRU5[ K\SHUWHQVLRQ ROXICODONE (oxycodone): narcotic analgesic ranitidine (TRITEC): histamine-2 blocker Rx: ulcers ROXILOX R[\FRGRQH $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLFFRPSRXQG ranitidine =$17$& KLVWDPLQHEORFNHULQKLELWVJDVWULFDFLGVHFUHWLRQ5[ XOFHUV ROXIPRIN R[\FRGRQH $6$QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLFFRPSRXQG REBETOL (ribavirin) Rx: Hepatitis C RUM-K (potassium): potassium supplement REBETRON (interferon alfa): ribavirin, antivirals Rx: Hepatitis C RYNATAN (phenylephrine): chlorpheniramine, pyrilamine, antihistamine / decon- RECOMBINATE (factor viii): clotting agent Rx: hemophilia gestant compound RECOMBIVAX HB (hepatitis b vaccine): vaccine Rx: hepatitis B RYNATUSS, antitussive / decongestant / antihistamine REGLAN (metoclopramide hydrochloride): Improves gastric emptying Rx: RYTHMOL (propafenone): antiarrhythmic Rx: severe ventricular dysrhythmias heartburn, ulcers (pyridostigmine): anticholinesterase Rx: Myasthenia Gravis Append REGONOL S ------REGRANEX (becaplermin): cellular growth agent Rx: ulcers, diabetes SAFE TUSSIN 30 (guaifenesin): dextromethorphan, expectorant / antitussive RELAFEN QDEXPHWRQH 16$,'5[ DUWKULWLV SAIZEN (somatropin): growth hormone RELENZA ]DQDPLYLU DQWLYLUDOGUXJ5[ LQÀXHQ]D SAL-ACID (salicylic acid) Rx: removes warts RELPAX (eletriptan hydrobromide): anti-migraine drug Rx: migraines SALACTIC FILM (salicylic acid) Rx: removes warts REMERON (mirtazapine): antidepressant Rx: depression SALAGEN (pilocarpine): parasympathomimetic Rx: glaucoma REMINYL JDODQWDPLQH ERRVWVDFHW\OFKROLQHOHYHOV5[ $O]KHLPHU¶VGLVHDVH SALBUTAMOL (albuterol): beta-2 bronchodilator Rx: asthma, COPD RENESE (polythiazide): antihypertensive/diuretic Rx: CHF, HTN SALFLEX VDOVDODWH 16$,'DQDOJHVLF5[ DUWKULWLV 398 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Medications salicylate 7+(5$*(6,& WRSLFDO16$,'DQDOJHVLF5[ DUWKULWLV VSDUÁR[DFLQ =$*$0 DQWLELRWLF5[ SQHXPRQLDEURQFKLWLV salicylic acid 6$/$&,' 5[ UHPRYHVZDUWV SPECTAZOLE (econazole nitrate): antifungal agent salicylic acid 6$/$&7,&),/0 5[ UHPRYHVZDUWV SPECTROBID (bacampicillin): antibiotic salicylic acid 6$/3/$17*(/ IRUUHPRYDORIFRPPRQZDUWV spironolactone $/'$&721( SRWDVVLXPVSDULQJGLXUHWLF salmeterol xinafoate (SEREVENT): Beta-2 bronchodilator Rx: asthma, COPD SPORANOX (itraconazole): antifungal SALPLANT GEL (salicylic acid): for removal of common warts SSKI (potassium iodide): expectorant salsalate ',6$/&,' 16$,'5[ DUWKULWLV STADOL NS (butorphanol): narcotic analgesic salsalate 6$/)/(; 16$,'DQDOJHVLF5[ DUWKULWLV stanozolol (WINSTROL): anabolic steroid / androgen Rx: hereditary angioedema SANDIMMUNE (cyclosporine): immunosuppressant agent Rx: prophylaxis of rejec- STARLIX (nateglinide): antihypertensive Rx: diabetes tion of transplanted organs stavudine d4t (ZERIT): antiviral Rx: HIV SANDOSTATIN (octreotide): antidiarrileal, growth inhibitor Rx: carcinoid tumor, STELAZINE WULÀXRSHUD]LQHK\GURFKORULGH PDMRUWUDQTXLOL]HU acromegaly, intestinal tumors, diarrhea STERAPRED, STERAPRED DS SUHGQLVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ SANGCYA (cyclosporine): immunosuppressant agent Rx: prophylaxis of rejection STIMATE (desmopressin acetate): pituitary hormone Rx: hemophilia of transplanted organs STRATTERA DWRPR[HWLQHK\GURFKORULGH ERRVWVQRUHSLQHSKULQH5[ $'+' saquinavir )25729$6( SURWHDVHLQKLELWRU5[ +,9 streptozocin =$126$5 DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ SDQFUHDWLFFDQFHU saquinavir ,19,5$6( SURWHDVHLQKLELWRUDQWLYLUDO5[ +,9 STROMECTOL (ivermectin): anti-parasite Rx: intestinal nematodes SARAFEM ÀXR[HWLQHK\GURFKORULGH DQWLGHSUHVVDQW5[ PDMRUGHSUHVVLRQ sucralfate &$5$)$7( DQWLXOFHUDJHQW SARAPIN (pitcher plant extract): analgesic Rx: nerve block for sciatic pain, neuritis, SUDAFED (pseudoephedrine): nasal decongestant neuralgia SUDAFED COLD & ALLERGY (pseudoephedrine): chlorpheniramine, deconges- sargramostim (LEUKINE): white blood cell mobilizer Rx: chemotherapy, bone tant / antihistamine marrow transplant SUFENTA (sufentanil): narcotic analgesic / anesthetic scopolamine 75$16'(506&23 DQWLFKROLQHUJLFDQWLHPHWLF5[ PRWLRQVLFNQHVV sufentanil 68)(17$ QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLFDQHVWKHWLF prophylaxis SULAR (nisoldipine): calcium channel biocker Rx: HTN SECTRAL (acebutolol hydrochloride): B-btocker Rx: KTN, cardiac dysitlythmias sulfacetamide %/(3+$0,'( SUHGQLVRORQHDQWLEDFWHULDOVWHURLGDQWL SEDAPAP EXWDOELWDO $3$3VHGDWLYHDQDOJHVLF5[ WHQVLRQ+$ LQÀDPPDWRU\5[ RFXODULQIHFWLRQV selegiline $7$35 Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 399 Medications antibiotic Rx: ocular infections TONOCARD (tocainide hydrochloride): ventricular antiarrhythmic TERRAMYCIN (oxytetracycline): antibiotic TOPAMAX (topiramate): anticonvulsant Rx: seizures TERRAMYCIN WHH POLYRNYXIN B (oxytetracycline): antibiotics TOPICORT GHVR[LPHWDVRQH DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\FUHDP5[ YDULRXVVNLQFRQGLWLRQV TESLAC (testolactone): antineoplastic Rx: breast cancer topiramate 723$0$; DQWLFRQYXOVDQW5[ VHL]XUHV TESSALON (benzonatate): non-narcotic cough suppressant topotecan +<&$07,1 DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ RYDULDQKHSDWLF&$ TESTIM (testosterone gel): hormone replacement product Rx: impotence, low TOPROL-XL (metoprolol): cardioselective beta blocker Rx: HTN, angina, arrhythmias levels of testosterone TORADOL NHWRURODFWURPHWKDPLQH 16$,'DQDOJHVLF TESTODERM (testosterone): androgen Rx: hypogonadism TORNALATE (bitolterol): B bronchodilator Rx: asthma testolactone 7(6/$& DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ EUHDVWFDQFHU torsemide '(0$'(; GLXUHWLF5[ +71HGHPD&+)NLGQH\GLVHDVHOLYHU TESTOPEL (testosterone pellets): hormone replacement product Rx: low levels of disease testosterone, delayed puberty tramadol 8/75$0 DQDOJHVLF5[ SDLQUHOLHI testosterone (TESTODERM): androgen Rx: hypogonadism tramadol hydrochloride + acetaminophen 8/75$&(7 SDLQUHOLHYHU5[ PRGHU- testosterone gel $1'52*(/ KRUPRQHUHSODFHPHQWSURGXFW5[ +\SRJRQDG- ate to severe pain ism TRANDATE (labetalol): beta blocker Rx: hypertension testosterone gel (TESTIM): hormone replacement product Rx: impotence, low trandolapril 0$9,. $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71 levels of testosterone trandolapril + verapamil hydrochloride 7$5.$ YHUDSDPLO$&(LQKLELWRUFDOFLXP testosterone patches $1'52'(50 LQFUHDVHWHVWRVWHURQH blocker Rx: HTN testosterone pellets (TESTOPEL): hormone replacement product Rx: low levels TRANSDERM NITRO (nitroglycerin): nitrate vasodilator Rx: angina prophylaxis of testosterone, delayed puberty transdermal clonidine &$7$35(6,76 DQWLK\SHUWHQVLYH TESTRED (methyltestosterone): androgenizing hormone transdermal nitroglycerin 0,1,75$1 QLWUDWH5[ DQJLQD tetracycline (SUMYCIN): broad spectrum antibiotic Rx: Rocky Mountain spotted TRANSDERM-SCOP (scopolamine): anticholinergic antiemetic Rx: motion sickness fever, typhus fever, tick fevers, upper respiratory infections prophylaxis tetracyline $&+520<&,19 DQWLELRWLF5[ DFQHFRQMXFWLYLWLVEDFWHULDO TRANXENE T-TAB, TRANXENE-SD (clorazepate dipotassium): benzodiazepine infections hypnotic Rx: anxiety, seizures TETRAMUNE (diphtheria & tetanus toxoids): vaccine tranylcypromine sulfate 3$51$7( 0$2LQKLELWRU5[ GHSUHVVLRQ TEVETEN (eprosartan mesylate): angiotensin II receptor blockers Rx: high blood TRAUMEELDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ DUWKULWLV pressure TRAVATAN (travoprost): eyedrop Rx: open-angle glaucoma TEVETEN HCT (eprosartan mesylate hydrochlorothiazide): antihypertensive/ travoprost 75$9$7$1 H\HGURS5[ RSHQDQJOHJODXFRPD diuretic Rx: high blood pressure thalidomide 7+$/20,' LPPXQRVXSSUHVVDQW5[ +,9OHSURV\ trazodone hydrochloride (DESYREL): anti-depressant Rx: depression THALITONE (chlorthalidone): antihypertensive / diuretic Rx: HTN, CHF TRECATOR-SC (ethionamide): bacteriostatic Rx: tuberculosis THALOMID (thalidomide): immunosuppressant Rx: HIV, leprosy TRENTAL (pentoxifylline): reduces blood viscosity, improves circulation in peripheral THEO-24 (theophylline): bronchodilator Rx: asthma, COPD vascular disease THEO-DUR (theophylline): bronchodilator Rx: asthma, COPD tretinoin 5(129$ DQWLDFQHDQWLZULQNOHDJHQW THEOLAIR (theophylline): bronchodilator Rx: asthma, COPD tretinoin 5(7,1$ DQWLDFQHDQWLZULQNOHDJHQW theophylline $(52/$7($(52/$7(,,,$(52/$7(-5 [DQWKLQHEURQFKRGLOD- tretinoin 9(6$12,' DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ OHXNHPLD tor Rx: asthma, COPD trexall 5+(80$75(; DQWLFDQFHUGUXJ5[ O\PSKRPDOHXNHPLD theophylline 35,0$7(1(7$%/(76 HSKHGULQHSKHQREDUELWDO[DQWKLQH triamcinolone $5,672&257 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ bronchodilator Rx: asthma triamcinolone acetonide $=0$&257 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ DVWKPD theophylline (SLO-BID): bronchodilator Rx: COPD, asthma bronchitis theophylline (SLO-PHYLUN): bronchodilator Rx: COPD, asthma triamcinolone acetonide 1$6$&2571$6$&257$4 VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ theophylline 7('5$/ HSKHGULQHSKHQREDUWRLWDOEURQFKRGLODWRUFRPSRXQG5[ Rx: allergies asthma, bronchitis triamterene (DYRENIUM): potassium-sparing diuretic Rx: CHF THERA-GESIC VDOLF\ODWH WRSLFDO16$,'DQDOJHVLF5[ DUWKULWLV TRIAVIL (amitriptyline): perphenazine, tricyclic antidepressant / major tranquilizer THERAMYCIN Z (erythromycin): antibiotic combination thiamine %(7$/,1 YLWDPLQ% TRIAZ (benzoyl peroxide): antiacne Rx: acne THIOLA (tiopronin): cysteine-depleting agent Rx: kidney stone prevention triazolam +$/&,21 EHQ]RGLD]HSLQHK\SQRWLF5[ LQVRPQLD THIOPENTAL (pentothal): general anesthetic TRICOR IHQR¿EUDWH ORZHUVFKROHVWHURO5[ KLJKFKROHVWURO THIOPLEX (thiotepa): antineoplastic Rx: breast, ovarian, and urinary cancer TRIDESILON GHVRQLGH DQWLÀDPPDWRU\VWHURLGFUHDP5[ YDULHW\RIVNLQFRQGLWLRQV thioridazine hydrochloride 0(//$5,/ 5[ VFKL]RSKUHQLD WULÁXRSHUD]LQHK\GURFKORULGH 67(/$=,1( PDMRUWUDQTXLOL]HU thiotepa (THIOPLEX): antineoplastic Rx: breast, ovarian, and urinary cancer trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride $57$1( DQWLSDUNLVRQLDQ5[ SURSK\OD[LVRI(36 thiothixene 1$9$1( PDMRUWUDQTXLOL]HU TRILAFON (perphenazine): major tranquilizer THORAZINE (chlorpromazine): major tranquilizer TRILEPTAL (oxcarbazepine): antiseizure Rx: epilepsy THYREL TRH (protirelin): increases release of thyroid stimulating hormone TRI-LEVLEN, oral contraceptive thyroid hormone 7+<52,'7$%/(76 TRILISATE FKROLQHPDJQHVLXPWULVDOLF\ODWH DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQDOJHVLF THYROID TABLETS (thyroid hormone) trimethobenzamide hydrochoride 7,*$1 DQWLHPHWLF THYROLAR (liotrix): thyroid hormone trimethoprim (POLYTRIM): polyrnyxin, antibacterial Rx: Rx, eye infections TIAZAC (diltiazern hydrochloride): calcium blocker Rx: HTN, angina trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole %$&75,0%$&75,0'6 VXOIDPHWKR[D]ROH TICAR (ticarcillin): antibiotic antibacterials Rx: UTI, ear infection, bronchitis ticarcillin 7,&$5 DQWLELRWLF trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole 6(375$6(375$'6 VXOIDPHWKR[D]ROH ticarcillin / clavulanate (TIMENTIN): antibiotic compound antibacterial compound Rx: UTI, ear infection, bronchitis TICLID (ticlopidine): platelet inhibitor Rx: stroke prophylaxis trimetrexate 1(875(;,1 DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ &$DQGSQHXPRF\VWLVSQHXPRQLD ticlopidine (TICLID): platelet inhibitor Rx: stroke prophylaxis LQ$,'6 TIGAN (trimethobenzamide hydrochoride): antiemetic trimipramine maleate (SURMONTIL): tricyclic antidepressant TILADE QHGRFURPLOVRGLXP DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\5[ DVWKPD TRINALIN (azatadine maleate + pseudoephedrine sulfate): pseudoephedrine, TIMENTIN (ticarcillin / clavulanate): antibiotic compound antihistamine / decongestant compound TIMOLIDE (timolol): HCTZ, b-blocker/antihypertensive/diuretic TRI-NORINYL 21, 28, oral contraceptive timolol (BETIMOL): reduces pressure in the eye Rx: glaucoma TRINSICON (vitamins): anti-anemia compound timolol %/2&$'5(1 EEORFNHU5[ DQJLQD+71DUUK\WKPLDV TRIPHASIL (oral contraceptive): oral contraceptive timolol (COSOPT): dorzolamide, b-blocker, decreases intraocular pressure Rx: triprolidine + pseudoephedrine $&7,)(' DQWLKLVWDPLQHGHFRQJHVWDQW5[ glaucoma allergies timolol (TIMOLIDE): HCTZ, b-blocker/antihypertensive/diuretic TRITEC (ranitidine): histamine-2 blocker Rx: ulcers TIMOPTIC (timotol): frbtocker Rx: glaucoma TRIZIVIR (abacavir, lamivudine, zidovudine): antiviral Rx: HIV timotol (TIMOPTIC): frbtocker Rx: glaucoma troglitazone (REZUUN): oral hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes tiopronin 7+,2/$ F\VWHLQHGHSOHWLQJDJHQW5[ NLGQH\VWRQHSUHYHQWLRQ troleandomycin 7$2 DQWLELRWLF5[ SQHXPRQLD85, tizanidine =$1$)/(; PXVFOHUHOD[DQW5[ PXVFOHVSDVWLFLW\ TRUSOPT (dorzolamide) Rx: glaucoma, reduction of IOP TOBRADEX (tobramycin): dexamethasone, antibiotic / steroid Rx: eye infection TUSSAFED HC (hydrocodone): phenylephrine, guaifenesin, narcotic antitussive / LQÀDPPDWLRQ decongestant / expectorant tobramycin $.72% H\HGURSV5[ EDFWHULDOH\HLQIHFWLRQV TUSS-DA RX (dextromethorphan): pseudoephedrine, antitussive / decongestant tobramycin 72%5$'(; GH[DPHWKDVRQHDQWLELRWLFVWHURLG5[ H\HLQIHFWLRQ TUSSEND EXPECTORANT (hydrocodone): pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin, narcotic LQÀDPPDWLRQ antitussive / decongestant / expectorant tobramycin 72%5(; DQWLRELRWLF5[ H\HLQIHFWLRQLQÀDPPDWLRQ TUSSEND SYRUP, TUSSEND TABLETS (hydrocodone. pseudoephedrine): chlor- TOBREX WREUDP\FLQ DQWLRELRWLF5[ H\HLQIHFWLRQLQÀDPPDWLRQ pheniramine, narcotic antitussive / decongestant / antihistamine tocainide hydrochloride 7212&$5' YHQWULFXODUDQWLDUUK\WKPLF TUSSIONEX (hydrocodone polistirex + chlorpheniramine polistirex): chlorphenira- TOFRANIL (imipramine hydrochloride): tricyclic antidepressant mine, narcotic antitussive / antihistamine Rx: coughs, allergies, the cold 72/,1$6( RUDODQWLGLDEHWLF5[ GLDEHWHV (glycerol): codeine,narcotic antitussive / expectorant compound Append tolazamide TUSSI-ORGANIDIN tolbutamide 25,1$6( RUDODQWLGLDEHWLFPHGLFDWLRQ5[ W\SH,,GLDEHWHV TUSSI-ORGANIDIN DM (dextromethorphan): iodinated glycerol, antitussive / tolcapone 7$60$5 UHGXFHVV\PSWRPVRI3DUNLQVRQ¶VGLVHDVH5[ 3DUNLQVRQ¶V mucolyfc, expectorant Rx: COPD, asthma, colds disease TYLENOL (acetaminophen): pain reliever Rx: headache, fever, aches TOLECTIN WROPHWLQVRGLXP 16$,'DQDOJHVLF TYLENOL with CODEINE (apap): codeine, narcotic analgesic TOLINASE (tolazamide): oral antidiabetic Rx: diabetes TYLOX (oxvcodone): acetaminophen, narcotic analgesic tolmetin sodium 72/(&7,1 16$,'DQDOJHVLF tolterodine tartrate (DETROL): cholinergic Rx: urinary urgency U ------ 400 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Medications UBI-QGEL FRHQ]\PHT KHOSVPDLQWDLQKHDOWK\PXVFOHLQFUHDVHV$73SURGXF- VISTARIL (hydroxyzine): antiemetic/antihistamine/sedative tion Rx: mitochondrial cytopathy VITAFOL, VITAFOL SYRUP, VITAFOL-PN (multivitamins and minerals) UBOBIOTIC (oxytetracycline): sulfamethizole, phenazopyridine, antibiotic / analgesic vitamin / mineral complex 0(*$'26( Rx: UTI vitamin b-3 1,$&,1 UHGXFHVVHUXPFKROHVWHURO ULTRABROM, ULTRABROM PO (brompheniramine): pseudoephedrine, antihista- vitamin k-1 (MEPHYTON) Rx: coagulation disorders mine / decongestant VIVACTIL (protriptyline): tricyclic antidepressant ULTRACET (tramadol hydrochloride + acetaminophen): pain-reliever Rx: moderate VIVELLE (estradiol) Rx: osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms to severe pain VOLMAX (albuterol): beta-2 bronchodilator Rx: asthma, COPD ULTRAM (tramadol): analgesic Rx: pain relief VOLTAREN GLFORIHQDF 16$,'DQDOJHVLF5[ DUWKULWLV ULTRASE, ULTRASE MT SDQFUHDWLFHQ]\PHV 5[ F\VWLF¿EURVLVSDQFUHDWLWLV VOSPIRE (albuterol sulfate): antispasms Rx: bronchial spasms UNI-DUR (theophylline): bronchodilator Rx: asthma, COPD UNIPHYL (theophylline): bronchodilator Rx: asthma, COPD W ------UNIRETIC PRH[HSULO +&7=$&(LQKLELWRUGLXUHWLF5[ +71 warfarin &280$',1 DQWLFRDJXODQW5[ WKURPERVLVSURSK\OD[LV UNISOM (doxylamine): antihistamine sedative Rx: insomnia WELCHOL (colesevelam): lowers cholesterol Rx: high cholesterol UNITHYROID (levothyroxine): synthetic thyroid hormone Rx: goiters, thyroid disease WELLBUTRIN (bupropion): antidepressant UNIVASC PRH[LSULOK\GURFKORULGH $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71 WIGRAINE (ergotamine): caffeine, alpha blocker/cranial vasoconstrictor Rx: unoprostone 5(6&8/$ ORZHUV,QWUDRFXODUSUHVVXUH5[ JODXFRPD migraine headache URECHOUNE EHWKDQHFKRO EODGGHUWRQHPRGL¿HU5[ XULQDU\UHWHQWLRQ WINRHO SD (immune globulin): immunizing agent Rx: prevents isoimmunization UREX (methenamine): antiseptic Rx: UTI in pregnant Rh- women given Rh+ blood URISED (methenamine): methylene blue, salicylate, atropine, hyoscyamine, antisep- WINSTROL (stanozolol): anabolic steroid / androgen Rx: hereditary angioedema tic/analgesic/antispasmodic Rx: UTI WYCILUN (penicillin): antibiotic URISPAS ÀDYR[DWH XULQDU\WUDFWDQWLVSDVPRGLF5[ XULQDU\LQFRQWLQHQFH WYGESIC SURSR[\SKHQH $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLF UROCIT-K (potassium citrate): urinary alkalinizer Rx: kidney stones WYMOX (amoxicillin): antibiotic Rx: gonorrhea, middle ear infections, skin infec- URO-MAG (magnesium): magnesium supplement tions, urinary tract infections URO-QID ACID NO. 2 (methenamine): bactericide Rx: UTI URSO (ursodiol): dissolves gallstones Rx: prevents gall stones in rapid weight loss X ------ursodiol $&7,*$// ELOHDFLGGLVVROYHVJDOOVWRQHV XANAX (alprazolam):benzodiazepine hypnotic ursodiol (URSO): dissolves gallstones Rx: prevents gall stones in rapid weight loss XELODA FDSHFLWDELQH RUDODQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ EUHDVW&$ XENICAL (orlistat): lipase Inhibitor Rx: obesity V ------YASMIN (oral contraceptive): oral contraceptjive VAGIFEM (estradiol vaginal tablets): estrogen replacement Rx: menopause valaciclovir 9$/75(; DQWLYLUDO5[ KHUSHVVKLQJOHV Y ------VALCYTE (valganciclovir): antiviral Rx: cytomegalovirus retinitis yellow fever vaccine <)9$; YDFFLQH valdecoxib %(;75$ &2;LQKLELWRU5[ RVWHRDUWKULWLVUKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV YF-VAX (yellow fever vaccine): vaccine dysmenorrhea YOCON (yohimbine hydrochloride): regulates norepinephrine Rx: male impotence valganciclovir 9$/&<7( DQWLYLUDO5[ F\WRPHJDORYLUXVUHWLQLWLV YODOXIN (iodoquinol): amebicide Rx: intestinal amebiasis VALIUM (diazepam): benzodiazepine hypnotic yohimbine $3+52'<1( DOSKDEORFNHU5[ LPSRWHQFH valproic acid '(3$.(1( DQWLHSLOHSWLF5[ HSLOHSV\ yohimbine hydrochloride (YOCON): regulates norepinephrine Rx: male valsartan ',29$1 DQJLRWHQVLQ,,LQKLELWRU5[ +71 impotence VALTREX (valaciclovir): antiviral Rx: herpes, shingles VANCENASE, VANCENASE AQ EHFORPHWKDVRQH VWHURLGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DJHQW Z ------Rx: allergic rtiinitis, nasal polyps ZADITOR (ketotifen fumarate): antihistamine Rx: allergies VANCERIL INHALER (beclomethasone): steroid Rx: asthma ]DÀULXNDVW $&&2/$7( EURQFKRVSDVPLQKLELWRU5[ DVWKPD VANCOCIN (vancomycin): antibiotic ZAGAM VSDUÀR[DFLQ DQWLELRWLF5[ SQHXPRQLDEURQFKLWLV vancomycin 9$1&2&,1 DQWLELRWLF zaicitabine +,9,' DQWLYLUDO5[ $,'6 VANOXIDE HC (benzoyl peroxide): hydrocortisone, skin cleanser, steroid anti- zaleplon 621$7$ VOHHSVHGDWLYH5[ LQVRPQLD LQÀDPPDWRU\5[ DFQH ZANAFLEX (tizanidine): muscle relaxant Rx: muscle spasticity VANTIN (cetpodoxime): antibiotic zanamivir 5(/(1=$ DQWLYLUDOGUXJ5[ LQÀXHQ]D VAQTA (hepatitisvaccine): inactivated virus vaccine ZANOSAR (streptozocin): antineoplastic Rx: pancreatic cancer VASCOR (bepridil): calcium blocker Rx: angina prophylaxis ZANTAC (ranitidine): histamine-2 blocker, inhibits gastric acid secretion Rx: ulcers VASERETIC (enalapril): HCTZ, antihypertensive / diuretic ZARONTIN (ethosuxirnide): anticonvulsant Rx: absence seizures VASOTEC HQDODSULODW $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71&+) ZAROXOLYN (metolazone): antihypertensive / diuretic VASOXYL (methoxamine): vasoconstrictor Rx: increases BP ZEBETA (bisoprolol): B-blocker antihypertensive VECTRIN (minocycline): antibiotic ZEPHREX, ZEPHREX LA (pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin): decongestant / VEETIDS (penicillin vk): antiviral/bacterial Rx: dental infections, infections in the expectorant heart, middle ear infections ZERIT (stavudine d4t): antiviral Rx: HIV VELBAN (vinblastine): antineoplastic Rx: Hodgkin’s disease, lymphoma, Kaposi’s ZESTORETIC OLVLQRSULO +&7=$&(LQKLELWRUGLXUHWLF5[ +71 sarcoma ZESTRIL OLVLQRSULO $&(LQKLELWRU5[ +71&+) VELOSULIN (insulin): hypoglycemic Rx: diabetes mellitus ZETIA (ezetimibe): lowers cholesterol Rx: high cholesterol venlafaxine hydrochloride (EFFEXOR, EFFEXOR XR): antidepressant ZIAC (bisoprolol): HCTZ, antihypertensive / diuretic Rx: HTN VENTOLIN (albuterol): beta-2 bronchodilator Rx: asthma, COPD ZIAGEN DEDFDYLUVXOIDWH DQWLYLUDO5[ +,9$,'6 VEPESID HWRSRVLGH DQWLFDQFHUDJHQW5[ OXQJWHVWLFXODU&$ zidovudine $=7 DQWLYLUDODJHQW5[ +,9$,'6YLUXV verapamil &29(5$+6 FDOFLXPEORFNHU5[ +71DQJLQD zidovudine 5(7529,5 DQWLYLUDODJHQW5[ +,9$,'6YLUXV verapamil 9(5(/$19(5(/$130 FDOFLXPEORFNHU5[ DQJLQDK\SHUWHQVLRQ zileuton (ZYFLO): bronchospasm inhibitor Rx: asthma headache ziprasidone hydrochloride (GEODON): oral inhibitor serotonin and dopamine verapamil hydrochloride (ISOPTIN SR): calcium blocker Rx: angina, HTN, Rx: schizophrenia headache ZITHROMAX (azithromycin): antibiotic VERELAN, VERELAN PM (verapamil): calcium blocker Rx: angina, hypertension, ZOCOR (simvastatin): cholesterol reducer headache ZOFRAN (ondansetron): antinauseant Rx: chemotherapy VERMOX (mebendazole): anthelminthic Rx: intestinal worms ZOLADEX (goserelin gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist) Rx: endometriosis VERSED (midazolam):benzodiazepine hypnotic zolmitriptan (ZOMIG) Rx: migraine headache VESANOID (tretinoin): anticancer agent Rx: leukemia ZOLOFT (sertraline): antidepressant VIAGRA VLOGHQD¿O 5[ SHQLVHUHFWLOHG\VIXQFWLRQ zolpidem tartrate $0%,(1 K\SQRWLF5[ LQVRPQLD VIBRAMYCIN (doxycycline): antibiotic ZOMIG (zolmitriptan) Rx: migraine headache VIBRA-TABS (doxycycline): antibiotic ZONEGRAN (zonisamide): antiseizure Rx: epilepsy VICODIN HP, VICODIN ES K\GURFRGRQH $3$3QDUFRWLFDQDOJHVLFDQWLWXVVLYH zonisamide =21(*5$1 DQWLVHL]XUH5[ HSLOHSV\ compound ZOVIA (oral contraceptive) VICODIN TUSS (hydrocodone): guaifenesin, narcotic analgesic / antitussive ZOVIRAX (acyclovir): antiviral agent Rx: herpes, shingles expectorant compound ZYBAN (bupropion hydrochloride): nicotine-free quit-smoking aid Rx: smokers VICON FORTE, vitamins ZYDONE (apap): hydrocodone, narcotic analgesic VICOPROFEN (hydrocodone): ibuprofen, narcotic analgesic compound ZYFLO (zileuton): bronchospasm inhibitor Rx: asthma VIDEX GLGDQRVLQH DQWLYLUDO5[ $,'6 ZYLOPRIM (allopurinol): reduces serum uric acid Rx: gout vinblastine 9(/%$1 DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ +RGJNLQ¶VGLVHDVHO\PSKRPD.DSRVL¶V ZYMASE SDQFUHDWLFHQ]\PHV 5[ F\VWLF¿EURVLVSDQFUHDWLWLV sarcoma ZYPREXA (olanzapine): manages schizophrenia Rx: schizophrenia vinorelbine 1$9(/%,1( DQWLQHRSODVWLF5[ EUHDVWDQGRYDULDQ&$+RGJNLQ¶V ZYRTEC, ZYRTEC SYRUP (cetirizine): antihistamine Rx: allergy, hives, asthma disease ZYVOX (linezolid): oxazolidinone antibiotic Rx: pneumonia, skin infections VIOKASESDQFUHDWLFHQ]\PHV5[ F\VWLF¿EURVLVSDQFUHDWLWLV VIOXX URIHFR[LE 16$,'DQDOJHVLF VIRACEPT QHO¿QDYLU SURWHDVHLQKLELWRUDQWLYLUDO5[ +,9 VIRAMUNE (nevirapine): antiviral Rx: HIV VIRAZOLE (ribavirin): antiviral Rx: chronic Hepatitis C VIREAD (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate): antiviral Rx: HIV VIRILON (methyltestosterone): androgen / masculinizing hormone Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 401 Calcium Metabolism & Vitamin D Liver Skin D -OH 3 Cholesterol Kidney (25-HCC) 37+HIIHFWV n Ca+2 resorption UV light n -2 PO4 excretion n 1,25-DHCC production Vitamin D3 Blood Calcium (8.4-10.2 mg/dL) (2.2-2.6 mmol/L) Calcitonin PTH Ca+2 GI tract Bone +2 Ca absorbed in Osteocytes (anabolic/catabolic) small intestine PTH effects: osteocytic osteolysis 1,25-DHCC (vit D derivative) ĺ&D+2 pump activity (IIHFWVRQ*,OLQLQJFHOOV Osteoblasts (anabolic “build bone”) n Ca+2 binding proteins Synthesize collagen & GAG’s n Ca+2 ATPase Alkaline Phosphatase - marker for n Alkaline Phosphatase osteoblast activity Osteoclasts (catabolic) Vitamin D is PTH effects: crucial for the New protein synthesis ĺO\VRVRPHHQ]\PHV FROODJHQDVH absorption of ĺ+\GUR[\SUROLQHLQXULQHPDUNHU calcium for collagen break-down Parathyroid gland Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Thyroid gland Chief cells make PTH Calcitonin +2 6WLPXODWHGE\ļVHUXP>&D ] C-cells make calcitonin PTH Effects VWLPXODWHGE\ĺVHUXP>&D+2] +2 %RQH ĺPRELOL]H&D Effects on bone +2 .LGQH\ ĺUHVRUSWLRQ&D ļRVWHRFODVWDFWLYLW\ Append +2 *,7UDFW ĺDEVRUSWLRQ&D ĺRVWHREODVWDFWLYLW\ 402 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Index $FKLOOHDPLOOHIROLXP Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) ...... 122 (FKLQDFHDVS &RQHÀRZHU ...... 184 Baptisia tinctoria (Wild Indigo) ...... 124 Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) 186 Berberis aquifolium (Oregon Grape) ...... 126 Ephedra sinica (Ephedra/Ma Huang) ...... 188 Betula pendula/alba (Birch) ...... 128 Equisteum arvense (Horsetail) ...... 190 Biotin ...... 25 Eschscholzia californica (California Poppy) ...... 192 %RUDJRRI¿FLQDOLV %RUDJH ...... 130 (VVHQWLDO)DWW\$FLGV ...... 13 Boswellia serrata (Frankincense) ...... 132 Eupatorium perfoliatum (Boneset) ...... 194 Botanical Studying Tips ...... iii Brassica nigra/alba (Mustard) ...... 134 Fats (Lipids) ...... 12 Bryonia alba/diocia (White Bryony) ...... 136 Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) ...... 196 Bupleurum falcatum (Chinese thorowax) ...... 138 Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) ...... 198 Fucus vesiculosis (Kelp/Bladderwrack) ...... 200 Calcium ...... 27 Calcium metabolism ...... 402 Galium aparine (Cleavers) ...... 202 &DOHQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV 0DULJROG ...... 140 Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) ...... 204 Camellia sinensis (Green/Black Tea) ...... 142 Gaultheria procumbens (Wintergreen) ...... 206 Cannabis spp. (Marijuana) ...... 144 Gelsemium semperivrens (Yellow Jasmine) ...... 208 Cannabis spp. (Marijuana) ...... 146 Gentiana lutea (Gentian) ...... 210 Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepard’s Purse) ...... 148 *HUPDQLXPPDFXODWDXP $PHULFDQ&UDQHVELOO .212 Capsicum frutescens/annuum (Cayenne) ...... 150 Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo) ...... 214 Carbohydrates & Fiber ...... 10 Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) ...... 216 Cassia angustifolia (Senna) ...... 152 *XDLDFXPRI¿FLQDOH /LIH+HDUW:RRG ...... 218 Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue Cohosh) ...... 154 Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) ...... 156 Hamamelis virginicus (Witch Hazel) ...... 220 Chamaelirium luteum (False Unicorn Root) ...... 158 Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil’s Claw) ...... 222 Chionanthus virginicus (Fringtree) ...... 160 Herb-Drug-Nutrient Interactions ...... 382 Cinnamomum zeylanicum/verum (Cinnamon) ...162 Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) ...... 166 Coffea arabica (Coffee) ...... 164 Coleus forskolii (Coleus) ...... 168 Commiphora molmol/myrrha (Myrrh) ...... 170 Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 403 Index +HUEDO$FWLRQV ...... 31 Herbs in Pediatrics ...... 377 $GDSWRJHQV ...... 32 Herbs in Pregnancy ...... 376 $OWHUDWLYHV ...... 33 Hormones ...... 49 $QDOJHVLFV...... 34 Humulus lupulus (Hops) ...... 224 $QWLFDWDUUKDOV ...... 36 Hydrastis Canadensis (Goldenseal) ...... 226 $QWLHPHWLFV ...... 36 Hyoscyamus niger (Henbane) ...... 228 $QWLLQÀDPPDWRULHV ...... 37 Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) ...... 230 $QWLOLWKLFV...... 38 +\VVRSXVRI¿FLQDOLV +\VVRS ...... 232 $QWLPLFURELDOV ...... 38 $QWLS\UHWLFV ...... 38 Inula helenium (Elecampane) ...... 234 $QWLUKHXPDWLFV ...... 38 Iris versicolor (Blue Flag) ...... 236 $QWLVSDVPRGLFV ...... 39 $SHULHQWV ...... 39 Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) ...... 238 $URPDWLFV ...... 39 Juniperus communis (Juniper) ...... 240 $VWULQJHQWV ...... 39 Bitters ...... 40 Lactuca virosa (Wild Lettuce) ...... 242 Cardiac Tonics ...... 41 /DYDQGXODRI¿FLQDOLV /DYHQGHU ...... 244 Carminatives ...... 41 Leonurus cardiaca (Motherwort) ...... 246 Cholagogues ...... 42 Ligusticum porteri (Osha) ...... 248 Choleretics ...... 42 Linum usitatissimum (Flax seed/Linseed) ...... 250 Connective Tissue Tonics ...... 42 /REHOLDLQÀDWD ,QGLDQ7RDEDFFR ...... 252 Demulcents ...... 42 Lomatium dissectum (Fern leaf) ...... 254 Diaphoretics ...... 43 Lycopus virginicus (Bugleweed/Gypsywort) ...... 256 Diuretics ...... 43 Emetics ...... 44 Matricaria recutita (German Chamomile) ...... 258 Emmenagogues ...... 44 0HGLFDJRVDWLYD $OIDOID ...... 260 Emollients ...... 45 Medications (drug & use) ...... 386 Expectorants ...... 45 0HOLORWXVRI¿FLQDOLV 6ZHHW&ORYHU ...... 262 Febrifuge ...... 46 0HOLVVDRI¿FLQDOLV /HPRQ%DOP ...... 264 Galactagogues ...... 46 Mentha piperita (Peppermint) ...... 266 Hemostatics ...... 46 Minerals ...... 28-30 Hepatics ...... 46 Hormone Balancers ...... 48 NPLEX & board exam herb list ...... 378 Hypnotics ...... 47 Immunomodulators ...... 47 Oplopanax horridus (Devil’s Club) ...... 268 Immune stimulants ...... 50 Laxatives ...... 50 Panax ginseng (Chinese or Korean Ginseng) ....270 Lymphatics ...... 50 3DVVLÀRUDLQFDUQDWH 3DVVLRQÀRZHU ...... 272 Narcotics ...... 50 Pharmacy Nervines ...... 52 Capsule ...... 74 Nutritives ...... 54 Castor Oil Pack ...... 74 Oxytocics ...... 54 Cream (Lotion) ...... 75 Rubefacients ...... 54 Decoction ...... 76 Sedatives ...... 55 Elixir ...... 76 Stimulants ...... 56 Emulsions ...... 76 Tonics ...... 56 Fomentation (Compress) ...... 76 Vulneraries ...... 57 Append Glycerine ...... 77 Herbs by common name ...... 407 Infusion ...... 77 Herbs by Family ...... 379 Infused Oil ...... 78 Herbs by latin name ...... 406 Liniment ...... 79 404 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Index Ointment (Salve) ...... 79 Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle) ...... 344 Poultice ...... 79 Usnea barbata (Old Man’s Beard) ...... 346 Suppository & Pessary...... 80 Syrup...... 80 Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) ...... 348 Tincture ...... 81 9DOHULDQDRI¿FLQDOLV 9DOHULDQ ...... 350 Vinegar & Oxymel ...... 83 Verbascum Thapsus (Mullein) ...... 352 Wine ...... 83 9HUEHQDRI¿FLQDOLV 9HUYDLQ ...... 354 Viburnum opulus (Crampbark) ...... 356 3K\WRODFFDGHFDQGUD$PHULFDQD 3RNHURRW ...... 274 Viburnum prunifolium (Black Haw) ...... 358 3LPSLQHOODDQLVXP $QLVHHG ...... 276 Piper methysticum (Kava Kava) ...... 278 Vitamin Piscidia erythrina (Jamaican Dogwood) ...... 280 9LWDPLQ$ UHWLQRO ...... 14 Plant Harvesting ...... vi Vitamin B1 (thiamine) ...... 18 Plantago lanceolata/major (Plantain) ...... 282 Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) ...... 24 Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple) ...... 284 9LWDPLQ% ULERÀDYLQ ...... 19 Populus candicans (Poplar/Balm of Gilead) ...... 286 Vitamin B3 (niacin) ...... 20 Protein ...... 11 Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) ...... 21 Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) ...... 22 4XHUFXVDOED :KLWH2DN ...... 288 Vitamin B9 (folic acid) ...... 23 Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) ...... 26 5DXZRO¿DVHUSHQWLQH ,QGLDQ6QDNHURRW ...... 290 Vitamin D (calciferol) ...... 15 Rhamnus purshiana (Cascara, Buckthorn) ...... 292 Vitamin E (tocopherol) ...... 16 Rheum palmatum (Turkey Rhubarb) ...... 294 Vitamin K (phylloquinone) ...... 17 5KRGLRODURVHD $UFWLF5RVH ...... 296 Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste-Tree Berry) ...... 360 Ricinus communis (Castor bean) ...... 298 Visceral Pain referral Patterns ...... 35 5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLV 5RVHPDU\ ...... 300 Rubus idaeus (Red Raspberry) ...... 302 :LWKDQLDVRPQLIHUD $VKZDJDQGKD ...... 362 Rumex crispus (Yellow Dock) ...... 304 =DQWKR[\OXPDPHULFDQXP 3ULFNO\$VK ...... 364 Salix sp. (Willow) ...... 306 Zea mays (Corn silk) ...... 366 Sambucus nigra/Canadensis (Black Elderberry) 308 =LQJLEHURI¿FLQDOLV *LQJHU ...... 368 Sanguinaria Canadensis (Bloodroot) ...... 310 Schisandra chinensis (Schisandra) ...... 312 6FXWHOODULDODWHULÀRUD 6NXOOFDS ...... 314 Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) ...... 316 Smilax sp. (Sarsaparilla) ...... 318 6WDFK\VRI¿QFLDOLV :RRG%HWRQ\ ...... 320 Stellaria media (Chickweed) ...... 322 6\PSK\WXPRI¿FLQDOLV &RPIUH\.QLWERQH ...... 324 7DUD[DFXPRI¿FLQDOLV 'DQGHOLRQ ...... 326 7KXMDRFFLGHQWDOLV $UERUYLWDH ...... 330 Thymus vulgaris (Thyme) ...... 332 7LOLDHXURSHD /LQGHQRU/LPHÀRZHU ...... 328 Toxicology, CIs & Safe Dosing ...... 370 Trifolium pretense (Red Clover)...... 334 Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) ...... 336 Turnera diffusa (Damiana) ...... 338 Tussilago farfara (Coltsfoot) ...... 340 Ulmus fulva (Slippery Elm) ...... 342 Append Marciano & Vizniak www.prohealthsys.com Appendix | 405 Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) ...... 260 Horsetail (Equisteum arvense) ...... 190 Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) ...... 98 +\VVRS +\VVRSXVRIÀFLQDOLV ...... 232 American Cranesbill (Germanium maculataum) . 212 ,QGLDQ6QDNHURRW 5DXZROÀDVHUSHQWLQH ...... 290 Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum) ...... 276 ,QGLDQ7RDEDFFR /REHOLDLQÁDWD ...... 252 Arctic Rose (Rhodiola rosea) ...... 296 Jamaican Dogwood (Piscidia erythrina) ...... 280 Arnica (Arnica Montana) ...... 110 Juniper (Juniperus communis) ...... 240 Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) ...... 178 Kava Kava (Piper methysticum) ...... 278 Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) ...... 362 Kelp/Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosis) ...... 200 Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva- ursi) ...... 108 /DYHQGHU /DYDQGXODRIÀFLQDOLV ...... 244 Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) ...... 348 /HPRQ%DOP 0HOLVVDRIÀFLQDOLV ...... 264 Birch (Betula pendula/alba) ...... 128 Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) ...... 216 Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium) ...... 166 /LIH+HDUW:RRG *XDLDFXPRIÀFLQDOH ...... 218 Black Cohosh (Actacea {Cimicifuga} racemosa) 90 Lily of the Valley (Convallaria majalis) ...... 172 Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra/canadensis) . 308 /LQGHQRU/LPHÁRZHU 7LOLDHXURSHD ...... 328 Black Haw (Viburnum prunifolium) ...... 358 0DULJROG &DOHQGXODRIÀFLQDOLV ...... 140 Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) ...... 238 Marijuana (Cannabis spp.) ...... 144 Bloodroot (Sanguinaria Canadensis) ...... 310 0DUVKPDOORZ $OWKHDRIÀFLQDOLV ...... 100 Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) ...... 154 Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum) ...... 284 Blue Flag (Iris versicolor) ...... 236 Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) ...... 196 Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) ...... 194 Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) ...... 316 %RUDJH %RUDJRRIÀFLQDOLV ...... 130 Milk Vetch (Astragalus membranaceus) ...... 116 Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) ...... 122 Monkshood or Wolfbane (Aconitum napellus) .... 88 Bugleweed (Lycopus virginicus)...... 256 Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca) ...... 246 Burdock (Arctium lappa) ...... 106 Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) ...... 114 California Poppy (Eschscholzia californica) ...... 192 Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) ...... 352 Cascara, Buckthorn (Rham. purshiana/frangula) 292 Mustard (Brassica nigra/alba) ...... 134 Castor bean (Ricinus communis) ...... 298 Myrrh (Commiphora molmol/myrrha) ...... 170 Cayenne (Capsicum frutescens/annuum) ...... 150 Oats (Avena sativa) ...... 120 Celery seed (Apium graveolens) ...... 104 Old Man’s Beard (Usnea barbata) ...... 346 Chaste-Tree Berry (Vitex agnus-castus) ...... 360 Oregon Grape (Berberis aquifolium) ...... 126 Chickweed (Stellaria media) ...... 322 Osha (Ligusticum porteri) ...... 248 Chinese or Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng) ..... 270 3DVVLRQÁRZHU 3DVVLÁRUDLQFDUQDWH ...... 272 Chinese thorowax (Bupleurum falcatum) ...... 138 Peppermint (Mentha piperita) ...... 266 Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum/verum) .... 162 Plantain (Plantago lanceolata/major) ...... 282 Cleavers (Galium aparine) ...... 202 Pokeroot (Phytolacca decandra/americana) ...... 274 Coffee (Coffea arabica) ...... 164 Poplar/Balm of Gilead (Populus candicans) ...... 286 Coleus (Coleus forskolii) ...... 168 Prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) ...... 364 Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) ...... 340 Red Clover (Trifolium pretense) ...... 334 &RPIUH\.QLWERQH 6\PSK\WXPRIÀFLQDOLV ...... 324 Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) ...... 302 &RQHÁRZHU (FKLQDFHDVS ...... 184 Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) ...... 204 Corn silk (Zea mays) ...... 366 5RVHPDU\ 5RVPDULQXVRIÀFLQDOLV ...... 300 Couch grass (Agropyron repens) ...... 94 Sarsaparilla (Smilax sp.) ...... 318 Crampbark (Viburnum opulus) ...... 356 Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) ...... 312 Damiana (Turnera diffusa) ...... 338 Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) ...... 180 'DQGHOLRQ 7DUD[DFXPRIÀFLQDOLV ...... 326 Senna (Cassia angustifolia) ...... 152 Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) ...... 118 Shepard’s Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) ...... 148 Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) ...... 222 Siberian Ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) 186 Devil’s Club (Oplopanax horridus)...... 268 6NXOOFDS 6FXWHOODULDODWHULÁRUD ...... 314 Elecampane (Inula helenium) ...... 234 Slippery Elm (Ulmus fulva) ...... 342 Ephedra/Ma Huang (Ephedra sinica) ...... 188 St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) ...... 230 European angelica (Angelica archangelica) ...... 102 Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) ...... 344 False Unicorn Root (Chamaelirium luteum) ...... 158 6ZHHW&ORYHU 0HOLORWXVRIÀFLQDOLV ...... 262 Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) ...... 198 Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) ...... 332 Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) ...... 336 Turkey Rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) ...... 294 Fern leaf (Lomatium dissectum) ...... 254 Turmeric (Curcuma longa) ...... 176 Flax seed/Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) ...... 250 9DOHULDQ 9DOHULDQDRIÀFLQDOLV ...... 350 Frankincense (Boswellia serrata) ...... 132 9HUYDLQ 9HUEHQDRIÀFLQDOLV ...... 354 Fringtree (Chionanthus virginicus) ...... 160 White Bryony (Bryonia alba/diocia) ...... 136 Garlic (Allium sativum) ...... 96 White Cedar/Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis) ...... 330 Gentian (Gentiana lutea) ...... 210 White Oak (Quercus alba) ...... 288 German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) ...... 258 Wild Indigo (Baptisia tinctoria) ...... 124 *LQJHU =LQJLEHURIÀFLQDOLV ...... 368 Wild Lettuce (Lactuca virosa) ...... 242 Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) ...... 214 Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa) ...... 182 Goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis) ...... 226 Willow (Salix sp.) ...... 306 Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) ...... 156 Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) ...... 206 Green/Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) ...... 142 :RRG%HWRQ\ 6WDFK\VRIÀQFLDOLV ...... 320 Hawthorne (Crataegus oxycantha) ...... 174 Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) ...... 112 Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) ...... 228 Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) ...... 86 Hops (Humulus lupulus) ...... 224 Yellow Dock (Rumex crispus) ...... 304 Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) ...... 92 Yellow Jasmine (Gelsemium semperivrens) ...... 208 406 | Botanical Medicine www.prohealthsys.com Marciano & Vizniak Professional Health SystemsͲϲϰϯϲdŚŽƌŶĞǀĞ͕ƵƌŶĂďLJ͕͕sϯEϮsϭͲĂŶĂĚĂ E: [email protected] d: ϲϬϰ͘ϱϮϭ͘ϱϱϮϬ &: ϲϬϰ͘ϱϮϭ͘ϱϱϮϬ Wholesale Pricing Available KrĚer by email ǁith Ɵtle͕ ƋƵanƟty Θ PKη throƵgh ʹ [email protected] derms͗ prices plƵs shipping͕ Eet ϯϬ͕ ϯй late charge per month past ĚƵe͕ ϯϬй restocŬing fee on retƵrneĚ items Upgrade Your Practice with ProHealth Continuing Education NCBTMB approved # 785136 Advanced Clinical Reasoning /nstrƵment Assisted SdD zoga Θ Dovement dherapy Dore AccƵrate Assessment с Save yoƵr hands͕ prolong yoƵr onnect ǁith yoƵrself Θ learn hoǁ eƩer dreatment pracƟce life Θ get beƩer resƵlts to help others do the same From the classroom to clinical excellence