NEW GUINEA RESEARCH BULLETIN Number 32 Susan C . Reeves And
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NEW GUINEA RESEARCH BULLETIN Number 32 Susan C. Reeves and May Dud ley October Published by the New Guinea Re search Unit, The Austra lian National University , P.O. Box 4, Canberra , A. C.T. and P.O. Box 1238, Port Moresby , New Guinea First published 1969 This work is copyr countries subscrib ing to the Berne Convent ion. in whole or in , with- out the written the Publishers, is forbidden Printed and manufac tured in Australia Allans Printers, Canberra Lib rary of Congress Cata Card No.78-99883 Nat ional of Australia Reg. No.Aus THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Research School of Pacific Studies New Guinea Re search Unit Committee O.H.K. Spate , Chairman, Director of the School J.W. Davidson , Department of Pacific History A.L. Epstein , Department of Anthropology and Sociology Ann Chowning , Department of Anthropology and Sociology E.K. Fisk, Department of Economics Marion Ward, New Guinea Re search Unit Editor , New Guinea Re search Bulletin R.G. Crocombe Editorial assistant Susan Reeves October 1969 Foreword ld war the batteries and battalions of armed New Guinea between and have been battal ions of res earchers The value of , however, is felt on a macro-sca le the scale of and academic institut ions . Re lative little come s home who have often been most direct concerned - the may , unknown to themselves, receive but since researchers make their and informational raw ma terial invi leans , natural the way usable roya lties. This was most made at an East-West Center confer- ence which one divided fore researchers into 'miners ', and off with it, and ' research will be as fully and useful availab le as researched , so that some at least of the come back Even in Southeast Asia , the invaders have such finance and in their genera l condit ions of work at home and abroad to mention their tra that tend to take the cream research to the more lar results , and to throw local workers into the shade . Th e same is true in Latin America nature of the case, even more ma rked in the Pac ific. S , c , the value of research very much on re full confidence among the researchees, these increas voiced re- actions some time s to resentment , are s ls; and resea rchers must take such avoid action as pos sible , and as soon as sible This is, of course most difficult at the sticated local level; yet can and shou ld be done here . As a matter of , it should be incumbent on researchers to make availab le articles summaris their work and its local s icance , in This foreword is a revised version of an article on Pa cific research which in November 1969 . vii viii , if possible , with or vernacular , for local newspapers , radio stations , and schools Even a few ted circulated contacts wou ld 'show wil ' and , if careful written - neither down nor 'over their theads' would be not a desirable but of much value as that these activities have a The use of local radio, where available , could be of very in this connection . Most local would be of which are , outside '; and a broadcast at the , stressing that the researcher is and appea for help in this task, cou ld be a farewell broadcast, the be obl this is the ion to make some feed-back of results there are obvious financial re- strictions on ful distribut ion , much work - general in shortened form - shou ld go to others than administrators, missionaries , and commercial people who may have he , even in these groups , often should not be confined to those immediate interested in the loca or·even the concerned . Should shortened versions be prepared · wou ld often be , it somet be desirable to cut down on local detail, which the ·locals could take for , and on matters of more genera l lessons in marke ting economics drawn from the local ex Even if not all is understood , all will be It shou ld also be as standard ice that whehever �nd wherever poss ible researchers shou ld be wil to devote some of their time to local educational institutions for lectures, seminar s, or general consultations. This need not be close tied to the research specialism of the worker The reward good re but in a fee It is c desirable to do all that can be done to involve local in research, not only as informants but as active en- In some and on some themes very little , if , can be done in this way; but with increas educat ional standards, the possibilities of good local research assistants are than is often realised Senior school students, teachers in vacations , MA student s in local universities , could often very soon the general point of , and wou ld not themselves benefit from the in-service so provided , but often act as most useful lubricants and indeed new lines of and inter-relationships. It goes without that where this is done , full should be At the Thai Hill Tribes Research that researchers should have an ind trainee-assistant. In Thailand, also, at least some written report is ix and failure person concerned, seem in overseas in administrative a few mon ths concerned with their own would not have the leisure to least value of work a doe s exercise in the These of serious in and resetments Nevertheless , some advance consideration to researchers' own interests the interests the smooth f of ta information in turn a mora ob ion to avoid ive cultural and particular returns for draw the own and much of of R.G Crocombe and O.H.K Contents F oreword New Guinea research: the need for reciprocity vii .Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Papua-New Guinea: research and bibliography , by district 6 1. Bougainville District - Re search 6 - Bibliography 7 2. Central District - Re search 8 - Bibl iography 11 3. Eas tern Highlands District - Re search 13 (includes Chimbu District) - Bibliography 18 4. Gulf District - Re search 26 - Bibliography 26 5. Madang District - Re search 27 - Bibliography 29 6. Manu s District - Re search 31 - Bibliography 31 7. Milne Bay District - Re search 32 - Bibliography 33 8. Morobe District - Re search 35 - Bibliography 37 9. New Britain District (includes East and We st New Br itain Re search 3 9 Districts) - Bibliography 41 10. New Ireland District - Re search 45 - Bibliography 45 ll. Northern District - Re search 46 - Bibliography 48 12 . Sepik District (include s East .. Re search 49 and West Sepik Districts) - Bibliography 52 13. Southern Highlands District Re search 57 - Bibliography 57 xi xii 14. We stern District - Re search 59 - Bibl iography 60 15. We stern Highl ands District - Re search 60 - Bibliography 63 Chapter 3 Irian Barat: research and bibliography 69 Chapter 4 Papua-New Guinea and Irian Barat: socia l science research, by subject 80 1. Agriculture and horticulture 80 2. Anthropology 80 (a) Social, political and economic 80 (b) Physical 81 3. Archaeology and prehistory 81 4. Art and pottery 82 5. Bui lding and bui lding rraterials (includes Hous ing) 82 6. Demography 83 7. Ecology 83 8. Economi cs 83 9. Education 86 10. Ethnoscience 87 11. Geography 88 12. Government and administration 88 13. History 89 14. Labour and industrial relations 89 15. Land: tenure , surveys and resources (includes Mining) 89 16. Law 90 17. Linguistics 90 18. Medicine 91 19. Military 93 20. Non-indigenes 93 21. Politics 93 22. Re ligion, ritua l and belief 94 xiii 23. Sociology 94 24. Tales and myths 95 25. Voluntary aid 95 Chapter 5 Papua-New Guinea and Irian Bara t: social science bibliography , by subject 96 1. Agriculture and horticulture 96 2. Anthropology 98 (a) Social, political and economic 98 (b) Physical 110 3. Archaeology and prehi story 112 4. Art and pottery 115 5. Bibliographies 118 6. Bui lding and building materials (includes Housing) 119 7. Communications and transport 121 8. Defence and international relations (include s United Na tions and Irian Barat) 121 9. Demography 123 10. Ecology 124 11. Economics 124 (a) Gene ral 124 (b) Banking and credit 128 (c) Business and industry 129 (d) Cash crops 130 (e) Co-operatives 132 (f) Inves tment 133 (g) Othe r economic activities (includes Cattle , Fishing , Forestry) 133 (h) Re settlement 134 12. Education 134 (a) General 134 (b) Primary 138 (c) Secondary 139 (d) Tertiary 139 (e) Vocational and adult 141 (f) Literacy 142 13 . Ethnoscience 142 14. General 143 xiv 15. Geography 145 16. Government and administration (includes Local governme nt) 147 17. History 151 18. Labour and industrial relations 155 19. Land tenure , surveys and natural resources 156 20. Law 158 21. Linguistics 160 22. Literature 166 23. Med icine 166 (a) General 166 (b) Health, food and nutrition 168 (c) Illness and disease 170 (d) Menta l health 24. Military 173 25. Missions 26. Mu sic 176 27. Non-indigene s 176 28 . Po litics 177 (a) Political and constitut iona l 177 (b) Elections 183 29. Re ligion, ritua l and belief 185 30� Re search 187 31. S cience 189 32. Sociology 189 (a) General (include s Women and Youth) 189 (b) Cargo cu lts 191 (c) Gambling 191 (d) Migration 191 (e) Ra ce relat ions 192 (f) Tribal relations 192 (g) Urbanisation 192 33. Ta les and myths 193 34. Voluntary aid 194 Chapter 6 Journals consulted and place of pub lication 195 xv Chapter 7 The ses on Pa pua-New Guinea and Irian Bara t 19 7 Chapter 8 Opportunities for research in Papua-New Guinea and Irian Barat 200 1.