DOCSLIB.ORG

The Binanderean Languages of Papua New Guinea: Reconstruction and Subgrouping

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Binanderean Languages of Papua New Guinea: Reconstruction and Subgrouping The Binanderean languages of Papua New Guinea: reconstruction and subgrouping Pacific Linguistics 625 Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in grammars and linguistic descriptions, dictionaries and other materials on languages of the Pacific, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East Timor, southeast and south Asia, and Australia. Pacific Linguistics, established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund, is associated with the School of Culture, History and Language in the College of Asia and the Pacific at The Australian National University. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Publications are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise, who are usually not members of the editorial board. FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: I Wayan Arka and Malcolm Ross (Managing Editors), Mark Donohue, Nicholas Evans, David Nash, Andrew Pawley, Paul Sidwell, Jane Simpson, and Darrell Tryon EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Karen Adams, Arizona State University Bambang Kaswanti Purwo, Universitas Atma Alexander Adelaar, University of Melbourne Jaya Peter Austin, School of Oriental and African Marian Klamer, Universiteit Leiden Studies Harold Koch, The Australian National Byron Bender, University of Hawai‘i University Walter Bisang, Johannes Gutenberg- Frantisek Lichtenberk, University of Universität Mainz Auckland Robert Blust, University of Hawai‘i John Lynch, University of the South Pacific David Bradley, La Trobe University Patrick McConvell, The Australian National Lyle Campbell, University of Hawai’i University James Collins, Northern Illinois University William McGregor, Aarhus Universitet Bernard Comrie, Max Planck Institute for Ulrike Mosel, Christian-Albrechts- Evolutionary Anthropology Universität zu Kiel Matthew Dryer, State University of Claire Moyse-Faurie, Centre National de la New York at Buffalo Recherche Scientifique Jerold A. Edmondson, University of Texas Bernd Nothofer, Johann Wolfgang Goethe- at Arlington Universität Frankfurt am Main Margaret Florey, Resource Network for Ger Reesink, Radboud University, Nijmegen Linguistic Diversity Lawrence Reid, University of Hawai‘i William Foley, University of Sydney Jean-Claude Rivierre, Centre National de la Karl Franklin, SIL International Recherche Scientifique Charles Grimes, SIL International Melenaite Taumoefolau, University of Nikolaus Himmelmann, Universität zu Köln Auckland Lillian Huang, Shih-chien University, Tasaku Tsunoda, University of Tokyo Taiwan John Wolff, Cornell University Elizabeth Zeitoun, Academica Sinica The Binanderean languages of Papua New Guinea: reconstruction and subgrouping Jacinta Mary Smallhorn Pacific Linguistics Centre for Research on Language Change Pacific Linguistics College of Asia and the Pacific The Australian National University Published by Pacific Linguistics School of Culture, History and Language College of Asia and the Pacific The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Copyright in this edition is vested with Pacific Linguistics First published 2011 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Author: Smallhorn, Jacinta Title: The Binanderean languages of Papua New Guinea: reconstruction and subgrouping / Jacinta Smallhorn. ISBN: 9789858836310 (pbk.) Notes: Includes bibliographical references. Subjects: Historical lexicology. Papuan languages – Lexicology, Historical language and languages – Variation. Papua New Guinea – Languages. Other authors/ The Australian National University. College of Asia contributors: and the Pacific. Pacific Linguistics. Dewey Number: 499.12 Copyedited by Piers Kelly Typeset by Jeanette Coombes Cover design by Julie Manley Printed and bound by Addcolour Digital Pty Ltd., Fyshwick, Canberra Table of contents Acknowledgements xi Abstract xii Abbreviations xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Preliminary notes 1 1.2 What is a ‘Papuan’ language? 3 1.3 The Trans New Guinea hypothesis 5 1.3.1 Trans New Guinea I 5 1.3.2 Trans New Guinea II 5 1.3.3 Trans New Guinea III 6 1.3.4 Trans New Guinea IV 6 1.3.5 Clues to the history of the Trans New Guinea family 7 1.4 Survey of research on Southeast Papuan 8 1.5 The comparative method 10 1.6 History of research on Greater Binanderean languages 11 1.6.1 Greater Binanderean member languages 11 1.6.2 The recognition of Binanderean as a linguistic group 16 1.6.3 Binanderean subgrouping and reconstruction of historical phonology 19 1.7 Presentation of source material 20 1.7.1 Reliability of sources 23 1.8 Outline of remaining chapters 24 2 Proto Binandere phonology and phonological history of Binanderean languages 26 2.1 Introduction 26 2.2 Tri-furcation of Proto Binandere 32 2.3 Nuclear Binandere 33 2.4 The Central Binandere linkage 36 2.5 North Binandere 37 2.6 Zia-Mawae 38 v vi 2.7 The North Binandere languages and Yekora 39 2.8 Binandere-Ambasi 42 2.9 South Binandere 43 2.10 The Orokaiva dialects 47 2.11 Coastal Binandere 53 2.12 The Baruga dialects 54 2.13 Gaena-Korafe 57 2.14 Gena and Ambe-Dofo 59 2.15 Parallel tendencies in Proto Binandere phonemes 60 2.15.1 The palatal voiceless plosive 61 2.15.2 The prenasalised palatal plosive 63 2.15.3 The palatal nasal 64 2.15.4 The palatal glide 65 2.15.5 The word-initial voiceless alveolar fricative 66 2.15.6 The word-final mid-central vowel 67 2.15.7 The rounded labial nasal 69 2.16 A framework for sound changes 71 3 Aspects of reconstructed Binanderean phonology and lexicon 74 3.1 Introduction 74 3.2 Neutralisation of voiced plosives and prenasalised plosives 74 3.3 The case for *d and *r as separate phonemes 75 3.4 Vowel sequences 76 3.5 Assignment of phonetic values to the proto-phonemes 76 3.6 Suprasegmentals 79 3.7 Irregular sound changes 81 3.7.1 Metathesis 81 3.7.2 Assimilation 81 3.7.3 Vowel variation 82 3.7.3.1 i~u variation 82 3.7.3.2 e~o variation 84 3.7.3.3 i~e variation 85 3.7.4 Reduplication of one syllable 87 3.7.5 Uncertainly reconstructed final syllables 88 3.7.6 Substitutive final syllables 89 3.7.7 Segment loss 89 3.7.8 Inserted -or- 91 3.7.9 Irregularities due to borrowing 92 3.7.10 Other irregularities 93 3.8 Likely Austronesian (Oceanic) loans 93 3.9 Instances of multiple proto-forms with the same gloss 95 vii 4 Proto Binandere morphology 97 4.1 Introduction 97 4.2 Verbal morphology 97 4.2.1 Introduction 97 4.2.2 Tense 99 4.2.3 Person/number 102 4.2.4 Speech act value 105 4.2.5 Purpose 106 4.2.6 Non-finite (medial) same-subject verb aspect 107 4.2.7 Bilabial consonant variation in u-class verb stems 111 4.2.8 Imperfective 111 4.2.9 Imperative 112 4.2.10 Irrealis mood categories 113 4.2.11 Nominalisation 114 4.2.12 Negative nominalisation 115 4.2.13 Stative 115 4.3 Nominal morphology 116 4.3.1 Case 116 4.3.2 Topic 121 4.3.3 Marking plurality on kinship nouns 122 4.3.4 Diminutives/intensives 125 4.3.5 Deictics 125 4.3.6 Pronouns 126 4.3.7 Reflexives 128 4.4 Innovations that define various branches of the tree 129 4.5 Conclusion 130 5 Guhu-Samane 131 5.1 Introduction 131 5.2 Phonological history 132 5.3 Bound morphology 139 5.4 Conclusion 145 6 Membership in the Trans New Guinea family 146 6.1 Introduction 146 6.2 Methodology 146 6.3 Retentions of TNG etyma in Greater Binanderean that are shared with Huon, Koiarian, Mailuan, and Madang 148 6.4 Some resemblant forms shared by Greater Binanderean and Huon which lack established pTNG antecedents 155 viii 6.5 Some resemblant forms shared by Binanderean and Koiarian which lack established pTNG antecedents 156 6.6 Some resemblant forms shared by Binanderean and Mailuan which lack established pTNG antecedents 157 6.7 Some resemblant forms shared by Binanderean and Madang which lack established pTNG antecedents 158 6.8 Yareban 160 6.9 Morphology 163 6.10 Conclusion 163 Appendices I Lexical cognate sets 165 II Reconstructed lexicon 395 II.1 Ordered alphabetically by English gloss 395 II.2 Ordered alphabetically by phonological form 407 II.3 Ordered by number 419 III Symbols concordance for lexical cognate sets 432 IV Abbreviations for parts of speech in lexcial cognate sets 438 V Reconstructed morphology 439 VI Phoneme inventories of Greater Binanderean languages 441 VII Kinship terms 443 VIII The family tree of Greater Binanderean 444 IX Sound correspondences including intermediate proto-languages 445 X Phoneme inventories of intermediate proto-languages 449 References 454 ix List of Tables 1.1 Review of work produced on Greater Binanderean languages 12 2.1 Innovations defining the subgroups of Binanderean 28 2.2 The phonemes of Proto Binandere 28 2.3 Sound correspondences 29 2.4 Sporadic sound changes in Central Binandere 37 2.5 Sound changes 73 3.1 Metathesis of prenasalised plosives 81 3.2 Assimilation 82 3.3 Reconstructed forms with indeterminate high vowel 82 3.4 Aberrant reflexes of reconstructed high vowels 83 3.5 Reconstructed forms with indeterminate mid vowel 84 3.6 Aberrant reflexes of reconstructed mid vowels 85 3.7 Reconstructed forms with indeterminate front vowel 86 3.8 Aberrant reflexes of reconstructed front vowels 86 3.9 Syllable reduplication 87 3.10 Uncertainly reconstructed final syllables 88 3.11 Substitutive final syllables 89 3.12 Phonetically natural glide loss 90 3.13 Syllable loss 90 3.14 Loss of disparate word-initial consonants 91 3.15 Inserted -or- 91 3.16 Irregularities due to borrowing 92 3.17 Other irregularities 93 4.1 Tenses in Binanderean languages 102 4.2 Person/number in Binanderean languages 104 4.3 Mood/speech act value in Binanderean languages 106 4.4 Purposive mood in Binanderean
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara A Reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram Phonology, Lexicon, and Morphosyntax A dissertation in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics by Don Roger Daniels Committee in charge: Professor Marianne Mithun, Chair Professor Bernard Comrie Professor Carol Genetti Professor Andrew Pawley June 2015 The dissertation of Don Roger Daniels is approved. Bernard Comrie Carol Genetti Andrew Pawley Marianne Mithun, Committee Chair May 2015 A Reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram: Phonology, Lexicon, and Morphosyntax Copyright © 2015 by Don Roger Daniels iii Acknowledgments It takes a village to write a dissertation. I can’t possibly acknowledge everyone who has contributed to the completion of this project, but there are nevertheless many people I would like to mention. First of all, I give my thanks to my advisor and chair, Marianne Mithun. Her patience, enthusiasm, and encouragement helped me make it through graduate school, and her advice on matters professional, personal, and scholarly was invaluable in my development as a researcher. Very special thanks also go to Andy Pawley. He was the one who suggested these languages as a possible research topic all the way back in 2005, and he has been guiding me through the world of Papuan historical linguistics ever since. The other members of my committee, Bernard Comrie and Carol Genetti, have also provided steady, helpful feedback to me over the years. I have learned more and grown more as a result of the advice and supervision of these scholars than I can possibly express. I am also grateful to the various other linguists who have helped me along the way with guidance or with engaging conversations about my work, including Mark Donohue, Malcolm Ross, Ger Reesink, Sandy Thompson, Nick Evans, Lindsay Whaley, Tim Pulju, René van den Berg, Alex François, Joseph Brooks, Brad McDonnell, Bill Palmer, Edgar Suter, Tim Usher, Harold Koch, and Lourens de Vries.
    [Show full text]
  • North Digul River Family)
    [Text version of database, created 11/11/2019]. Annotated Swadesh wordlists for the Awbono-Bayono group (North Digul River family). Languages included: Kovojab [kov]; Enamesi [ena]; Awbono [awh]. DATA SOURCES I. Kovojab. Wilbrink 2004 = Wilbrink, Ans. 2004. The Kopkaka of Papua. Provisional notes on their language, its language affiliation and on the Kopkaka culture. Master's thesis. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Hischier 2006 = Hischier, Phyllis. 2006. Exploration of the remote Kopayap and Urajin areas in West Papua, Indonesia: A First Contact in Kopayap and Urajin. Manuscript. II. Bayono. Wilbrink 2004 = Wilbrink, Ans. 2004. The Kopkaka of Papua. Provisional notes on their language, its language affiliation and on the Kopkaka culture. Master's thesis. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. III. Awbono Wilbrink 2004 = Wilbrink, Ans. 2004. The Kopkaka of Papua. Provisional notes on their language, its language affiliation and on the Kopkaka culture. Master's thesis. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. NOTES 1. General. The North Digul River family consists of the Becking and Dawi Rivers languages (see: 1 de Vries, Lourens. 2012. Some notes on the Tsaukambo language of West Papua. Language and Linguistics in Melanesia. Special Issue 2012 Part I: 165-193, and: de Vries, Lourens, Ruth Wester and Wilco van den Heuvel. 2012. The Greater Awyu language family of West Papua. Language and Linguistics in Melanesia. Special Issue 2012 Part I: 269- 312) and the Awbono-Bayono family, hitherto considered to be an isolate. A draft reconstruction of proto-North Digul River and its subgroups can be found on the Newguineaworld website under the title "North Digul River." It is part of a larger family which includes Central Digul River (a.k.a.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract of Counting Systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania
    Abstract of http://www.uog.ac.pg/glec/thesis/ch1web/ABSTRACT.htm Abstract of Counting Systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania by Glendon A. Lean In modern technological societies we take the existence of numbers and the act of counting for granted: they occur in most everyday activities. They are regarded as being sufficiently important to warrant their occupying a substantial part of the primary school curriculum. Most of us, however, would find it difficult to answer with any authority several basic questions about number and counting. For example, how and when did numbers arise in human cultures: are they relatively recent inventions or are they an ancient feature of language? Is counting an important part of all cultures or only of some? Do all cultures count in essentially the same ways? In English, for example, we use what is known as a base 10 counting system and this is true of other European languages. Indeed our view of counting and number tends to be very much a Eurocentric one and yet the large majority the languages spoken in the world - about 4500 - are not European in nature but are the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Pacific, Africa, and the Americas. If we take these into account we obtain a quite different picture of counting systems from that of the Eurocentric view. This study, which attempts to answer these questions, is the culmination of more than twenty years on the counting systems of the indigenous and largely unwritten languages of the Pacific region and it involved extensive fieldwork as well as the consultation of published and rare unpublished sources.
    [Show full text]
  • The West Papua Dilemma Leslie B
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2010 The West Papua dilemma Leslie B. Rollings University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Rollings, Leslie B., The West Papua dilemma, Master of Arts thesis, University of Wollongong. School of History and Politics, University of Wollongong, 2010. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3276 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: [email protected]. School of History and Politics University of Wollongong THE WEST PAPUA DILEMMA Leslie B. Rollings This Thesis is presented for Degree of Master of Arts - Research University of Wollongong December 2010 For Adam who provided the inspiration. TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION................................................................................................................................ i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. ii ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................... iii Figure 1. Map of West Papua......................................................................................................v SUMMARY OF ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific News from Mānoa NEWSLETTER of the CENTER for PACIFIC ISLANDS STUDIES, UNIVERSITY of HAWAI‘I
    Pacific News from Mānoa NEWSLETTER OF THE CENTER FOR PACIFIC ISLANDS STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I No. 3 August–December 2012 and the new host communities, and how they are engaging with this global phenomenon. INSIDE The President of the Republic of Kiribati, His PACS 108 Workshop 2 Excellency Anote Tong, will present the keynote address on Watada Lecture by Teresia Teaiwa 2 Thursday, 4 April. President Tong has played a prominent Pan Pacific Association’s 2nd Trivia Night 3 role in creating regional and international awareness of the Wantok Night 3 impacts of climate change on small island places and Pacific News from Mānoa Goes All Electronic 3 communities. He is an advocate for creative responses and CPIS Seminars 4 adaptations to climate change at the local, regional, and Student and Alumni Activities 7 international levels. Faculty and Staff Activities 7 Information for registering and the schedule of speakers Publications and Moving Images 9 will be available in late February at Conferences and Meetings 11 10http://www.hawaii.edu/cpis/2013conf/index.htm . Bulletin Board 11 OCEANIA RISES WAVES OF CHANGE: CLIMATE “Oceania Rises” is an event organized by CPIS students and CHANGE IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS staff. The purpose of the event is to help foster multicultural and pan-Pacific unity, while privileging Pacific Islander AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HAWAIʻI voices. ”Oceania Rises” will help to promote awareness of The Center for Pacific Islands Studies is pleased to announce Pacific cultures and new approaches to academia that build its 2013 conference, “Waves of Change: Climate Change on interdisciplinary approaches to research.
    [Show full text]
  • 0=AFRICAN Geosector
    2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 123 2=AUSTRALASIA geosector édition princeps foundation edition DU RÉPERTOIRE DE LA LINGUASPHÈRE 1999-2000 THE LINGUASPHERE REGISTER 1999-2000 publiée en ligne et mise à jour dès novembre 2012 published online & updated from November 2012 This geosector covers 223 sets of languages (1167 outer languages, composed of 2258 inner languages) spoken or formerly spoken by communities in Australasia in a geographic sequence from Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands through New Guinea and its adjacent islands, and throughout the Australian mainland to Tasmania. They comprise all languages of Australasia (Oceania) not covered by phylosectors 3=Austronesian or 5=Indo-European. Zones 20= to 24= cover all so-called "Papuan" languages, spoken on Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands and the New Guinea mainland, which have been previously treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis: 20= ARAFURA geozone 21= MAMBERAMO geozone 22= MANDANGIC phylozone 23= OWALAMIC phylozone 24= TRANSIRIANIC phylozone Zones 25= to 27= cover all other so-called "Papuan" languages, on the New Guinea mainland, Bismarck archipelago, New Britain, New Ireland and Solomon islands, which have not been treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis: 25= CENDRAWASIH geozone 26= SEPIK-VALLEY geozone 27= BISMARCK-SEA geozone Zones 28= to 29= cover all languages spoken traditionally across the Australian mainland, on the offshore Elcho, Howard, Crocodile and Torres Strait islands (excluding Darnley island), and formerly on the island of Tasmania. An "Australian" hypothesis covers all these languages, excluding the extinct and little known languages of Tasmania, comprising (1.) an area of more diffuse and complex relationships in the extreme north, covered here by geozone 28=, and (2.) a more closely related affinity (Pama+ Nyungan) throughout the rest of Australia, covered by 24 of the 25 sets of phylozone 29=.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Dispersal Beyond Farming
    Language Dispersal Beyond Farming edited by Martine Robbeets and Alexander Savelyev John Benjamins Publishing Company Language Dispersal Beyond Farming Language Dispersal Beyond Farming Edited by Martine Robbeets Alexander Savelyev Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. ./z. Cataloging-in-Publication Data available from Library of Congress () (-) © –John Benjamins B.V. The electronic edition of this book is Open Access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 This license permits reuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided that the original author(s) and source are credited. Derivative works may not be distributed without prior permission. This work may contain content reproduced under license from third parties. Permission to reproduce this third-party content must be obtained from these third parties directly. Permission for any reuse beyond the scope of this license must be obtained from John Ben- jamins Publishing Company, [email protected] John Benjamins Publishing Company · https://benjamins.com Table of contents List of tables vii List of figures ix List of contributors xi Acknowledgements xiii Chapter 1 Farming/Language Dispersal: Food for thought 1 Martine
    [Show full text]
  • Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands
    Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands First compiled by Nancy Sack and Gwen Sinclair Updated by Nancy Sack Current to January 2020 Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands Background An inquiry from a librarian in Micronesia about how to identify subject headings for the Pacific islands highlighted the need for a list of authorized Library of Congress subject headings that are uniquely relevant to the Pacific islands or that are important to the social, economic, or cultural life of the islands. We reasoned that compiling all of the existing subject headings would reveal the extent to which additional subjects may need to be established or updated and we wish to encourage librarians in the Pacific area to contribute new and changed subject headings through the Hawai‘i/Pacific subject headings funnel, coordinated at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.. We captured headings developed for the Pacific, including those for ethnic groups, World War II battles, languages, literatures, place names, traditional religions, etc. Headings for subjects important to the politics, economy, social life, and culture of the Pacific region, such as agricultural products and cultural sites, were also included. Scope Topics related to Australia, New Zealand, and Hawai‘i would predominate in our compilation had they been included. Accordingly, we focused on the Pacific islands in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (excluding Hawai‘i and New Zealand). Island groups in other parts of the Pacific were also excluded. References to broader or related terms having no connection with the Pacific were not included. Overview This compilation is modeled on similar publications such as Music Subject Headings: Compiled from Library of Congress Subject Headings and Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Metalanguage Dualistic Theme
    Created by Harland B Kerr on 3/2/2015 9:22:00 AM - 1 - THE DUALISTIC THEME OF THE METALANGUAGE OF TRANS (PAPUA) NEW GUINEA PHYLUM LANGUAGES..............................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................1 THE COGNATE WITU AND KEWA ORIGIN OF DEATH MYTHS.....................................................9 THE WITU MYTH OF THE ORIGIN OF AGALE ‘ARTICULATE LANGUAGE’ AND DEATH....................................9 THE KEWA MYTH OF THE ORIGIN OF DEATH................................................................................................9 THE YAGU ‘SEED FROM THE SKY’ AND THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE TRANS (PAPUA) NEW GUINEA PHYLUM OF LANGUAGES.........................................................................13 PULU IDENTIFIED AS THE YAGU ‘SEED FROM THE SKY’ AND THE ‘FIRST BORN’ ‘PROXY’ ‘STAND IN’.................................................................................................................................20 THE MOMENTARINESS OF THE BIRTHING/CREATIVE ACT AT THE ZENITH AT NOON DURING AN EQUINOX THE PRODUCTIVE CONJUNCTION OF THE FUTURE AND THE PRESENT......................................................................................................................................................22 The Dualistic Theme of the Metalanguage of Trans (Papua) New Guinea Phylum Languages Introduction The
    [Show full text]
  • 1 This Database, Compiled by Merritt Ruhlen, Contains Certain Kinds Of
    Database Structure 1 This database, compiled by Merritt Ruhlen, contains certain kinds of linguis- tic and nonlinguistic information for the world’s roughly 5,000 languages. This introduction will discuss the kinds of data that are surveyed. Correc- tions, addenda, or comments should be sent to [email protected]. DATABASE STRUCTURE. 1. Language. This database contains 5,707 records, each representing one language or dialect. The names of the languages and dialects follow the nomenclature given in my Guide to the Languages of the World, Vol. 1: Classification (1991). 2. Alternate Name. No attempt has been made to list every alternate name for every language. For a complete index of all language names one should consult the Ethnologue (2000), published by SIL International and also available on the web at http://ethnologue.org, and the Voegelin’s Clas- sification and Index of the World’s Languages (1977). Alternate names are given here primarily for languages that have two names, both of which are widely used (e.g. Gilyak and Nivkh), or for a name used in a source that differs from that used here. 3. Dialect. Dialect names are given when they were mentioned in a source or where they are needed to distinguish two forms of a language. 4. Geographical Location. I have attempted to provide a geographical location for every language in this database, usually in terms of the country in which it is spoken. However, languages are often spoken in more than one country for the simple reason that there is little correlation between linguistic boundaries and political boundaries in most parts of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Doromu-Koki Dialect Survey Report
    Doromu-Koki dialect survey report Robert L. Bradshaw Summer Institute of Linguistics 18 February 2008 This paper is an attempt to delineate the Doromu-Koki language dialect situation. Doromu- Koki is a Papuan language spoken by approximately 1,500 people of the Central Province, Inland Rigo District of Papua New Guinea. The language speakers have identified three dialects, which are borne out by the data. These dialects are very similar, having a high percentage of lexical cognates, and a few regular phonological changes. It has been decided that the largest and most central dialect (Koki) will best communicate to all the groups. There are no apparent problems with reading comprehension or acceptability of the Koki dialect as the medium of translation and literacy materials. The dictionary will contain words and terms particular to the other dialects in order to give them prestige, while the translation will focus on using the Koki dialect. This report endeavours to verify these important decisions. 2 Robert L. Bradshaw 18 February 2008 Table of contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 3 1.1 Language classification ......................................................................... 3 1.2 Location ................................................................................................ 4 2. Linguistic variation ............................................................................. 5 2.1 Lexical ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Bibliography 1. Wabei, T. Kaboils Village, Karkar Island, Madang
    1 Bibliography 1. Wabei, T. Kaboils Village, Karkar Island, Madang Province. Oral History. 1977; 5(6): 18-24. Note: [Kaboils vill Karkar I]. 2. Wacke, K. Formenlehre der Ono-Sprache (Neuguinea). Zeitschrift für Eingeborenen-Sprachen. 1931; 21: 161-208. Note: [mission: Ono]. 3. Waddell, E. Agricultural Evolution in the New Guinea Highlands. Pacific Viewpoint. 1972; 13: 18-29. Note: [fw: Raiapu Enga; from lit: Siane, Aiyura, Grand Valley Dani, Kapauku, Chimbu]. 4. Waddell, E. W. The Dynamics of a New Guinea Highlands Agricultural System [Ph.D. Dissertation]. Canberra: Australian National University; 1968. xviii, 355 pp. Note: [fw January 1966 - February 1967 (13 mos): Sabakamada Raiapu Enga]. 5. Waddell, E. W.; Krinks, P. A. The Organisation of Production and Distribution among the Orokaiva. Canberra: Australian National University, New Guinea Research Unit; 1968. xxii, 332 pp. (New Guinea Research Bulletins; v. 24). Note: [fw 1964-1965: Inonda, Sivepe vills Orokaiva]. 6. Waddell, Eric. Frost Over Niugini: A Retrospect on Bungled Relief. New Guinea and Australia, the Pacific and South-East Asia. 1974; 8(4): 39-49. Note: [fw 1972: Enga]. 7. Waddell, Eric. How the Enga Cope with Frost: Responses to Climatic Perturbations in the Central Highlands of New Guinea. Human Ecology. 1975; 3: 249-273. Note: [fw: Marient, Lae, Wage Vs, Kandep]. 8. Waddell, Eric. How the Enga Cope with Frost: Responses to Climatic Perturbations in the Central Highlands of New Guinea. The Ecologist. 1976; 6: 284-292. Note: [fw: Marient, Lae, Wage Vs, Kandep]. 9. Waddell, Eric. The Mound Builders: Agricultural Practices, Environment, and Society in the Central Highlands of New Guinea.
    [Show full text]