2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 123

2=AUSTRALASIA geosector

édition princeps foundation edition DU RÉPERTOIRE DE LA LINGUASPHÈRE 1999-2000 THE LINGUASPHERE REGISTER 1999-2000 publiée en ligne et mise à jour dès novembre 2012 published online & updated from November 2012

This geosector covers 223 sets of languages (1167 outer languages, composed of 2258 inner languages) spoken or formerly spoken by communities in Australasia in a geographic sequence from Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands through New Guinea and its adjacent islands, and throughout the Australian mainland to Tasmania. They comprise all languages of Australasia (Oceania) not covered by phylosectors 3=Austronesian or 5=Indo-European. Zones 20= to 24= cover all so-called "Papuan" languages, spoken on Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands and the New Guinea mainland, which have been previously treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis: 20= ARAFURA geozone 21= MAMBERAMO geozone 22= MANDANGIC phylozone 23= OWALAMIC phylozone 24= TRANSIRIANIC phylozone Zones 25= to 27= cover all other so-called "Papuan" languages, on the New Guinea mainland, Bismarck archipelago, New Britain, New Ireland and Solomon islands, which have not been treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis: 25= CENDRAWASIH geozone 26= SEPIK-VALLEY geozone 27= BISMARCK-SEA geozone Zones 28= to 29= cover all languages spoken traditionally across the Australian mainland, on the offshore Elcho, Howard, Crocodile and Torres Strait islands (excluding Darnley island), and formerly on the island of Tasmania. An "Australian" hypothesis covers all these languages, excluding the extinct and little known languages of Tasmania, comprising (1.) an area of more diffuse and complex relationships in the extreme north, covered here by geozone 28=, and (2.) a more closely related affinity (Pama+ Nyungan) throughout the rest of Australia, covered by 24 of the 25 sets of phylozone 29=. The relationships within the "Australian" and component "Pama+ Nyungan" hypotheses may be due as much to diffusion over tens of thousands of years as to inheritance from common prehistorical sources: 28= NORTH-AUSTRALIA geozone 29= TRANSAUSTRALIA geozone

 Before consulting the following tables, please see Guide to the Register in Volume One

Additional or improved data on languages and communities covered by this sector will be welcomed by e-mail at: [email protected] or [email protected]

Additional or improved data on languages and communities covered by this sector will be welcomed by e-mail at: [email protected], or by letter-post at: LINGUASPHERE PRESS, HEBRON SA34 0XT, WALES (UK).

COLUMN 1 & 2 COLUMN 3 COLUMNS 4 & 5 layers of reference other nomenclature and notes nation-states scale of (+ provinces) and speakers codes and reference-names

20= ARAFURA covers the "Arafura+ Torres" reference area (within the Indonesia; East Timor; Papua 4 "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis); comprising 26 sets of New Guinea; Australia geozone languages (= 104 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia, centered around the Arafura Sea, on the Alor, Timor, Leti, Maluku, Southern New Guinea (Vogelkop Peninsula to Gulf of Papua) and Torres Strait islands: 20-A LAMMA+ KELON 20-B TANGLAPUI 20-C KOLANA+ ADABE 20-D BUNAK 20-E FATALUKU 20-F MAKUA 20-G OIRATA 20-H PURAGI+ TOMU 20-I KONDA+ YAHADIAN 20-J RIANTANA+ NDOM 20-K YELMEK+ MAKLEW 20-L NAMBU+ YEI 20-M IDI+ WAIA 20-N TIRIO+ LEWADA 20-O BITURI+ KUPERE 20-P KIWAI+ KEREWO 20-Q IPIKO 20-R MINANIBAI+ MAHIGI 20-S PURARI+ IAI 20-T OPAO+ UARIPI 20-U TATE 20-V IKOBI+ OMATI 20-W KAIRI 20-X FIWAGA+ FOI 20-Y FOLOPA+ DADIBI 20-Z PAWAIA+ AURAMA page 124 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

20-A LAMMA+ KELON set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script 20-AA LAMMA+ BLAGAR PANTAR chain 20-AAA LAMMA net 20-AAA-a Lamma lemma Alor archipelago: Pantar-SW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-AAA-aa kalondama lamma-W.Teba Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAA-ab tubal lamma-C. Toaaki mountain Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAA-ac biangwala lamma-E. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAB TEWA net 20-AAB-a Tewa Alor archipelago: Pantar-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAB-aa deing tewa-SW. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAB-ab madar tewa-N. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAB-ac lebang tewa-E. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAC NEDEBANG net 20-AAC-a Nedebang Alor archipelago: Pantar-CN. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAC-aa nedebang Kabir-SW. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAD BLAGAR net 20-AAD-a Blagar Alor archipelago: Pantar-E.+ Pura islands Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-AAD-aa bakalang Pantar-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAD-ab retta-ternate Ternate-S. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAD-ac limarahing Pura-NW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAD-ad apuri Pura-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-AAD-ae retta-pura Pura-S. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2 20-AAD-af tereweng Treweg island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2 20-AB KELON+ WOISIKA ALOR chain 20-ABA KELON net 20-ABA-a Kelon kelong Alor archipelago: Alor-SW.+ Pantar-N. islands Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-ABA-aa panggar Pantar-N. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2 20-ABA-ab probur Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 20-ABA-ac halerman Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 20-ABA-ad gendok Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 20-ABB KAFOA net 20-ABB-a Kafoa Alor archipelago: Alor-W. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-ABB-aa kafoa Aluben-N. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-ABC KUI+ KIRAMANG net "wider"-kui 20-ABC-a Kui+ Kirimang Alor archipelago: Alor island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-ABC-aa kui kui "proper" Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 20-ABC-aaa kui-S. Alor-SW. island: Kui (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-ABC-aab kui-N. Alor-NW. island (Nusa Tenggara) 20-ABC-ab kiramang kramang Alor-S. island: Batuiolong Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-ABD ABUI net 20-ABD-a Abui barue, barawahing, namatalaki Alor archipelago: Alor island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-ABD-aa kobola Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-ABD-ab atimelang Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-ABD-ac alakaman Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-ABE KABOLA net 20-ABE-a Kabola Alor archipelago: Alor-NW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-ABE-aa hamap Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-ABE-ab pintumbang Maibang-W. peninsula Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 20-ABE-ac aimoli Maibang-E. peninsula Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 20-ABF WOISIKA net 20-ABF-a Woisika Alor archipelago: Alor-CE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-ABF-aa lembur limbur, kawel Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2 20-ABF-ab kamot Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-ABF-ac kamana kamang Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2 20-ABF-ad petimpui Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2 20-ABF-ae kamengmi Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-ABF-af ateita Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-ABF-ag apui Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2 20-ABF-ah silaipui Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2 20-ABF-ai langkuru+ kolomano Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2 20-ABF-aj pido Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 125

20-AC MAKASAI+ KAIRUI chain 20-ACA MAKASAI+ "wider" makasai MAKLERE net 20-ACA-a Makasai+ Maklere Timor-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-ACA-aa makasai makasai "proper", makassai, macassai Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-ACA-aaa baucau Baucau (Nusa Tenggara) 20-ACA-aab baguia Baguia (Nusa Tenggara) 20-ACA-ab maklere Iliômar Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 20-ACB KAIRUI+ MIDIKI* net ; classification to be reviewed in light of intertwining between languages in this geozone and in 32=Mesonesic phylozone; see [32=] Waima'a+ Habu 20-ACB-a Kairui+ Midiki ; substratum (structural) influence < [32=] Waima'a+ Habu East Timor 3 20-ACB-aa kairui East Timor 20-ACB-ab midiki midik East Timor 20-B TANGLAPUI set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script 20-BA TANGLAPUI chain 20-BAA TANGLAPUI net 20-BAA-a Tanglapui Alor archipelago: Alor-E. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-BAA-aa tanglapui Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-C KOLANA+ ADABE part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script set 20-CA KOLANA chain 20-CAA KOLANA net 20-CAA-a Kolana Alor archipelago: Alor-E. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-CAA-aa kolana kolana-wersin Kolana-SE.… Kolana-NE. coast Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 20-CAA-aaa kolana-SE. kolana-wersin Kolana+ Silopa-SE. coast (Nusa Tenggara) 20-CAA-aab kolana-NE. Kolana-NE. coastal enclave (Nusa Tenggara) 20-CAA-aac kolana-N. Kolana-N. coast: Cimbur-E. enclave (Nusa Tenggara) 20-CB ADABE* chain 20-CBA ADABE net 20-CBA-a Adabe Alor archipelago: Atauro-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-CBA-aa adabe ataura, atauru, raklu-un Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 3 20-D BUNAK set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script 20-DA BUNAK chain 20-DAA BUNAK net 20-DAA-a Bunak Timor-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-DAA-aa bunak buna', bunake Bobonaro Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-E FATALUKU set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script 20-EA FATALUKU chain 20-EAA FATALUKU net 20-EAA-a Fataluku Timor-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-EAA-aa fataluku dagaga, dagoda' Lautem+ Lospalos Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 4 20-F MAKU'A set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script 20-FA MAKU'A chain 20-FAA MAKU'A net 20-FAA-a Maku'a Timor-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 1 20-FAA-aa maku'a makua, lovaea, lovaia Tutuala Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 1 20-G OIRATA set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script 20-GA OIRATA chain 20-GAA OIRATA net 20-GAA-a Oirata Leti archipelago: Kisar-SE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3 20-GAA-aa oirata maaro Kio Indonesia (Maluku) 3 20-H PURAGI+ TOMU set maccluer+duriankere; part of vogelkop-S., "bird's head"-S. grouping Latin script 20-HA DURIANKERE chain 20-HAA DURIANKERE net 20-HAA-a Duriankere Vogelkop-W. peninsula: Raja Ampat island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 20-HAA-aa duriankere esaro, sailen, duriankari Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 20-HB PURAGI+ SAGA MIRAGA chain 20-HBA PURAGI+ SAGA net 20-HBA-a Inanwatan Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 20-HBA-aa inanwatan suabo, suabau Inanwatan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 page 126 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

20-HBA-b Puragi Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 20-HBA-ba puragi mogao Matamani upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 20-HBA-c Yamarema Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3* 20-HBA-ca yamarema Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 20-HBA-d Saga Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3* 20-HBA-da saga Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 20-HBA-e Kaburi* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HBA-ea kaburi Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HC KASUWERI+ TAROF chain 20-HCA KASUWERI+ UDAGAGA net 20-HCA-a Kasuweri Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 20-HCA-aa kasuweri samalek, oderago, komudago Tarof-W., Kasuweri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 20-HCA-b Negeri-Besar Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 20-HCA-ba negeri-besar Tarof-NW., Negeri-Besar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 20-HCA-c Udagaga Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 20-HCA-ca udagaga Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 20-HCB TAROF+ MIGORI net 20-HCB-a Tarof Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HCB-aa tarof nebes Kamundan-W.river-mouth, Tarof Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HCB-b Tambani Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HCB-ba tambani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HCB-c Migori Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HCB-ca migori Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HD TOMU+ KEMBERANO chain 20-HDA TOMU+ ARANDAI net including yaban, jaban, sebyar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 20-HDA-a Tomu Wariaga+ Sebyar… Timoforo valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HDA-aa tomu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HDA-b Arandai Wariaga+ Sebyar… Timoforo valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HDA-ba arandai dombano Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HDB KEMBERANO+ BARAU net 20-HDB-a Kemberano Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 20-HDB-aa kemberano kalitami Komundan river-mouth>W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 20-HDB-b Weriagar Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HDB-ba weriagar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HDB-c Barau Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-S. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-HDB-ca barau Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-I KONDA+ YAHADIAN OGIT, part of vogelkop-S., "bird's head"-S. grouping Latin script set 20-IA KONDA+ YAHADIAN chain 20-IAA KONDA+ YAHADIAN net 20-IAA-a Konda Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-IAA-aa konda Waromge estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-IAA-b Yahadian Vogelkop-SW. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-IAA-ba mugim Kais-N. estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-IAA-bb nerigo yahadian "proper", jahadian Kais-S. estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-IAA-bc kampong-baru aiso, kais, atori, mintamani Kais middle valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-J RIANTANA+ NDOM KOLOPOM, in [52=] Nederlands: frederik-hendrik-eiland Latin script set 20-JA RIANTANA chain 20-JAA RIANTANA net 20-JAA-a Riantana Kolopom-N. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom 3 Island) 20-JAA-aa riantana Guara Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom 3 Island) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 127

20-JB KIMAGHAMA chain 20-JBA KIMAGHAMA net 20-JBA-a Kimaghama kaladdarsch, teri-kalwasch Kolopom-C. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom 3 Island) 20-JBA-aa kimaghama-NE. Kimaam Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom 3 Island) 20-JBA-ab kimaghama-SW. Kladar Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom 3 Island) 20-JC NDOM chain 20-JCA NDOM net 20-JCA-a Ndom Kolopom-W. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom 3 Island) 20-JCA-aa ndom Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom 3 Island) 20-K YELMEK+ MAKLEW "bulaka-river" Latin script set 20-KA YELMEK+ MAKLEW chain 20-KAA YELMEK net 20-KAA-a Yelmek jelmek, jab, jabsch Marianne-E. strait Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-KAA-aa yelmek-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 20-KAA-ab yelmek-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 20-KAB MAKLEW net 20-KAB-a Maklew Digul-S. estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-KAB-aa maklew makleu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 20-L NAMBU+ YEI set part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script 20-LA MORAORI chain 20-LAA MORAORI net 20-LAA-a Moraori Merauke-E. town + estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 20-LAA-aa moraori morari, moaraeri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 20-LB YEI chain 20-LBA YEI net 20-LBA-a Yei yey, jei, je Merauke valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New 3 Guinea (Western) 20-LBA-aa yei-N. bupul Bupul Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New Guinea (Western adjacent) 20-LBA-ab yei-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-LC KANUM+ ARAMBA tonda chain 20-LCA KANUM net 20-LCA-a Kanum enkelembu Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New 2 Guinea (Western) 20-LCA-aa kanum-N. sota Sota Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-LCA-ab kanum-C. bronga, beronk Bronga Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-LCA-ac kanum-S. Sakirainke… Ianian Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-LCB BOTHAR* net 20-LCB-a Bothar Papua New Guinea (Western); 2* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 20-LCB-aa bothar Papua New Guinea (Western); Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 20-LCC ARAMBA+ ARA* net "upper" morehead 20-LCC-a Ara Morehead… Maro… Tarl… Bensbach upper valleys, including Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 Indorodoro 20-LCC-aa ara rouku, yumbar, wärä, kamindjo, tjokwai, tokwasa, tonda #proliferation Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 of nomenclature implies greater complexity of communities and idioms 20-LCC-b Aramba Morehead upper headwaters Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-LCC-ba aramba serkisetavi, serki Serki Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-LCD PEREMKA net "lower" morehead 20-LCD-a Peremka Morehead lower valley… Heath bay Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-LCD-aa peremka-A. peremka "proper", thundai-kanza Tonda… Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-LCD-ab gambadi Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-LCD-ac semariji Papua New Guinea (Western) page 128 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

20-LD NAMBU+ DORRO chain 20-LDA NAMBU+ TAIS net 20-LDA-a Nambu Wassi-Kussa valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-LDA-aa nambu nambo, arufe, arufi Arufi Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-LDA-b Iauga Wassi-Kussa-E. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 1 20-LDA-ba iauga parb Iauga Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-LDA-c Tais Wassi-Kussa-W. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 2* 20-LDA-ca tais Tais Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-LDB DORRO net 20-LDB-a Dorro Leri coast Papua New Guinea (Western) 1 20-LDB-aa dorro Papua New Guinea (Western) 1 20-M IDI+ WAIA set part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script 20-MA IDI+ AGÖB chain PAHOTURI 20-MAA IDI+ AGÖB net 20-MAA-a Idi Pahoturi upper headwaters… Mai-Kussa valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-MAA-aa idi tame, dimsisi, dimisi Dimisi… Dimiri Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-MAA-b Agöb+ Buji Pahoturi valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-MAA-ba agöb tame, upiala-bituri, dabu Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-MAA-bb buji boje, bugi Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-MB WAIA chain 20-MBA WAIA net 20-MBA-a Waia kawakarubi, takalubi, takarubi, hiwi, hibaradai Waia… Fly estuary Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-MBA-aa waia-A. waia "proper" Waia Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-MBA-ab kenedibi Kenedibi Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-N TIRIO+ LEWADA set part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script 20-NA TIRIO+ LEWADA chain 20-NAA LEWADA+ ATURU net 20-NAA-a Lewada+ Dewara lewada, dewala+ lewada Fly right-bank: Lewada… Sumogi-W. island Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-NAA-aa lewada Lewada Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-NAA-ab balamula mataru Balamula Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-NAA-ac dewala Sumogi-W. island… Dewala Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-NAA-b Aturu Sumogi-E. island Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-NAA-ba aturu atura, adulu, makaeyam Adulu Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-NAB TIRIO+ MUTUM net 20-NAB-a Tirio Fly right-bank: Tirio-E. Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-NAB-aa tirio dudi Wederehiamo Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-NAB-b Mutum Bituri middle valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-NAB-ba mutum paswam, dudi 2 Mutum Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-O BITURI+ KUPERE set TRANS-FLY-EAST, part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script 20-OA BITURI+ DONGORI chain 20-OAA BITURI+ DONGORI "WIDER"-GIDRA, jibu, oriomo net 20-OAA-a Bituri gidra-bituri Bituri valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-OAA-aa guiam Bituri river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-ab yuta Bituri river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-ac rual Bituri headwaters: Rual Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-ad kapal Bituri headwaters: Kapal Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-b Wipim+ Zim gidra-wipim Oriomo… Binaturi upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-OAA-ba wipim Wipim Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-bb podari Podari Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-bc zim Zim Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-bd wonie Wonie Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-be iamega Iamega Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-bf gamaewe Gamaewe Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-c Dongori+ Ume gidra-dongori Oriomo river-mouth… hinterland Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-OAA-ca ume Ume Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-cb kuru Kuru Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-cc dongori Oriomo river-mouth: Dongori Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-cd abam Oriomo lower river: Abam Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OAA-ce peawa Oriomo lower river: Peawa Papua New Guinea (Western) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 129

20-OB SOGAL+ SEBE chain BINI, pine 20-OBA SOGAL+ SEBE net 20-OBA-a Sogal+ Kunini bini-NE. Binaturi-NW. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-OBA-aa sogal Sogal Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OBA-ab boze+ giringarede Boze… Giringarede Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OBA-ac kunini Kunini Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OBA-b Sebe+ Masingle bini-SW. Mawatta-NW. coast Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-OBA-ba masingle Masingle Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OBA-bb tati täte Tati Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OBA-bc irupi+ drageli Irupi… Drageli Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OBA-bd sebe Sebe Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OC KUPERE+ WAIDORO chain 20-OCA KUPERE+ WAIDORO GIZRA net 20-OCA-a Kupere+ Togo gizra-W. Pahoturi-N. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-OCA-aa kupere kuperi Kuperi Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OCA-ab togo toga Togo Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-OCA-b Waidoro gizra-E. Pahoturi-E. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-OCA-ba waidoro Waidoro Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-OD MERIAM chain 20-ODA MERIAM net 20-ODA-a Meriam Torres Strait-E. islands: Darnley island Australia (Queensland) 2 20-ODA-aa meriam miriam-mir, miriam, mer, mir, maer Australia (Queensland) 2 20-P KIWAI+ KEREWO set KIWAIAN, part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script 20-PA KIWAI+ KEREWO chain 20-PAA KIWAI+ DOUMORI "wider" kiwai net 20-PAA-a Doumori+ Wasua Doumori island… Fly estuary Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-PAA-aa doumori doumori-kiwai Doumori Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-PAA-ab wasua Fly-N. estuary: Wasua+ Pagona Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-PAA-b Sewerimabu+ "coastal" kiwai Fly-W. estuary Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 Panama 20-PAA-ba sewerimabu "coastal" kiwai-E. Sewerimabu coast: Tirio… Sui Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-PAA-bb panama "coastal" kiwai-S. Panama island… Katatai coast Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-PAA-c Daru Daru… Bristow-N. islands Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-PAA-ca daru kiwai-daru Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-PAA-d Kiwai South & North Entrance islands: Kiwai island Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-PAA-da kiwai kiwai "proper", "insular" kiwai Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-PAB WABUDA+ SEGERA net 20-PAB-a Wabuda+ Segera Wabuda island+ neighbouring islands… Segera river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-PAB-aa wabuda Wabuda island+ neighbouring islands Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-PAB-ab sagero Segera river-mouth: Sagero Papua New Guinea (Western) 20-PAB-ac dibiri Dibiri island Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 20-PAC SISIAME+ WAKAU BAMU, bamu-kiwai net 20-PAC-a Wakau Bamu lower valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-PAC-aa wakau "middle" bamu Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-PAC-b Pirupiru Amagoa coast… Naviu+ Uapumba islands Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-PAC-ba pirupiru gama Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-PAC-c Sisiame Bell Point estuary Papua New Guinea (Western; 3 Gulf) 20-PAC-ca sisiame Giwaretere Papua New Guinea (Western; 3 Gulf) 20-PAD MORIGI net 20-PAD-a Morigi Morigio island… Turama estuary Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-PAD-aa morigi wariadai, turama-river kiwai, dabura Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-PAE KEREWO net 20-PAE-a Kerewo kerewa, kerewa+ goari Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-PAE-aa kikori Kikori lower valley: Kikori town Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-PAE-ab ururumba Kikori estuary: Ururumba island Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-PAE-ac gibario goaribari Goaribari island Papua New Guinea (Gulf) page 130 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

20-PAF GIBAIO+ ARIGIBI net 20-PAF-a Gibaio+ Urama kiwai-NE. Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-PAF-aa urama Urumu… Ini islands Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-PAF-ab kope gope Wai'i river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-PAF-ac gibaio era-river Era lower valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-PAF-b Arigibi Wai'i middle valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-PAF-ba arigibi anigibi Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-Q IPIKO set part of "inland-gulf" grouping Latin script 20-QA IPIKO chain 20-QAA IPIKO net 20-QAA-a Ipiko Pie lower right-bank Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-QAA-aa ipiko ipikoi, higa, epai Ipiko+ Pahemuba Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-R MINANIBAI+ MAHIGI minanibaian, part of "inland-gulf" grouping Latin script set 20-RA MINANIBAI chain 20-RAA MINANIBAI net 20-RAA-a Minanibai Omati lower valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-RAA-aa minanibai pepeha, eme-eme, hei Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-RB MAHIGI chain X 20-RBA MAHIGI net X 20-RBA-a Mahigi Wawoi+ Guavi confluence ¶extinct formerly Papua New Guinea 0 (Western) 20-RBA-aa mahigi Emeti Papua New Guinea (Western) 0 20-RC TAO-SUAMATO chain 20-RCA TAO-SUAMATO net 20-RCA-a Tao-Suamato Guavi… Wawoi valleys Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-RCA-aa tao-suamato tao-suame, mahigi, dausame Kubeai… Wareho Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 20-RD KARAMI chain X 20-RDA KARAMI net X 20-RDA-a Karami Turama upper tributary ¶extinct formerly Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 0 20-RDA-aa karami Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 0 20-S PURARI+ IAI set Latin script 20-SA PURARI+ IAI chain 20-SAA PURARI+ IAI net 20-SAA-a Purari+ Iai Pie estuary… Purari valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-SAA-aa purari koriki, evorra, maipua, nanau Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-SAA-ab iai namau Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-T OPAO+ UARIPI set ELEMAN 20-TA OPAO+ KEURU chain eleman-W., bailala 20-TAA OPAO+ KEURU net vailala 20-TAA-a Orokolo+ Muru Vailala-NW. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TAA-aa orokolo Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TAA-ab muru muro Murua Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TAA-b Keuru keuro, kairu+ kaura Vailala valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TAA-ba aheave Vailala middle valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-TAA-bb haura-haela belepa, haura, haira Vailala lower valley: Belepa Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TAA-bc hae-haela Keakea… Araimira coast Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TAA-c Opao Omati -NW. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TAA-ca opao Opau Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TB UARIPI+ TOARIPI lakekamu, eleman-E. chain 20-TBA UARIPI+ TOARIPI net 20-TBA-a Uaripi Omati river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TBA-aa uari-pi tairuma Kerema… Uaripi Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TBA-b Toaripi+ Melaripi Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TBA-ba melari-pi+ kai-pi Silo… Koari coast Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TBA-baa melari-pi (Gulf) 20-TBA-bab kai-pi (Gulf) 20-TBA-bb toari-pi+ moveave Tauri valley: Tauri downstream.… Lakekamu valley: Bulldog Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 downstream 20-TBA-bba moveave Moveave upstream (Gulf) 20-TBA-bbb toari-pi motumotu Motu-Motu upstream (Gulf) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 131

20-TBA-bc mori-pi+ iokea Kapuri-S. Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-TBA-bca mori-pi (Gulf) 20-TBA-bcb iokea Iokea (Gulf) 20-TBA-bd sepoe Sepoi… Oiapu Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-U TATE set Latin script 20-UA TATE chain 20-UAA TATE net 20-UAA-a Tate Kerema bay: Kerema-SE. Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-UAA-aa tate raepa-tati, tati, lorabada, lou Lou Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-V IKOBI+ OMATI set turama+ "omatian"; part of turama+ "kikorian" grouping Latin script 20-VA IKOBI+ OMATI chain 20-VAA IKOBI+ MENA net kopo+ monia, kasere, wailemi 20-VAA-a Mena meni, turama Hawoi… Turama middle valleys Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-VAA-aa mena Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-VAA-b Ikobi kobi, kopo, "omatian" Omati upper valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-VAA-ba pimuru Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-VAA-bb gorau Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-VAA-bc utabi Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-VAB OMATI net 20-VAB-a Omati Omati middle valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-VAB-aa omati mini Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-W KAIRI set KIKORIAN, part of turama+ "kikorian" grouping Latin script 20-WA KAIRI chain 20-WAA KAIRI net 20-WAA-a Kairi "kikorian" Kikori river-basin Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-WAA-aa kairi rumu, rumuwa, dumu, tumu, kibiri, kai-iri Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-X FIWAGA+ FOI* set KUTUBUAN Latin script 20-XA FIWAGA+ FOI chain 20-XAA FIWAGA+ FOI net 20-XAA-a Foi foe, mubi-"river" Mubi valley Papua New Guinea (Southern 3 Highlands) 20-XAA-aa kutubu Kutubu lake& town Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 20-XAA-ab igi Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 20-XAA-ac kafa Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 20-XAA-b Fiwaga Mubi lower valley Papua New Guinea (Southern 2 Highlands) 20-XAA-ba fiwaga fimaga Papua New Guinea (Southern 2 Highlands) 20-Y FOLOPA+ TEBERAN Latin script DADIBI set 20-YA FOLOPA chain 20-YAA FOLOPA net 20-YAA-a Folopa podopa, polopa, podoba, foraba Papua New Guinea (Southern; 3 Gulf) 20-YAA-aa keba+ wopasali Keba… Wopasali Papua New Guinea (Southern) 2 20-YAA-aaa keba Keba (Southern) 20-YAA-aab wopasali Wopasili (Southern) 20-YAA-ab waraga Waraga Papua New Guinea (Southern) 2 20-YAA-ac pupitau Papua New Guinea (Southern) 2 20-YAA-ad sopese Sopese Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-YAA-ae suri Suri Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 1 20-YAA-af boro Boro Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-YAA-ag siligi Urupio Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-YAA-ah diauwereke Diauwereke Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-YAA-ai omo Omo… Bare Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-YAA-aj tebera Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-YAA-ak bara harahui, harahu Harahu Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-YAA-al trabedesare Trabedesare Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-YAA-am aurei Abede middle valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-YAA-an ro keai, worugl Papua New Guinea 20-YAA-ao sesa mamisa, songu, ibukairu Papua New Guinea page 132 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

20-YB DADIBI chain 20-YBA DADIBI net 20-YBA-a Dadibi daribi, karimui, mikaru Papua New Guinea (Simbu; 3 Southern Highlands) 20-YBA-aa erave Erave valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 2 20-YBA-ab mikaru mikauru Oima lower valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3 20-YBA-ac elu Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 20-Z PAWAIA+ AURAMA PAWAIAN Latin script set 20-ZA PAWAIA+ AURAMA chain 20-ZAA PAWAIA+ AURAMA including sira, tudahwe, yasa net 20-ZAA-a Hauruha Piu left-bank… Tua valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3 20-ZAA-aa hauruha "pawaian"-NW. Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3 20-ZAA-b Aurama turoha, uri Purari valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 20-ZAA-ba aurama-W. Uraru Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-ZAA-bb aurama-C. Aure Scarp-W. escarpment Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 20-ZAA-c Pawaia Aure Scarp-S.E. escarpment Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2 20-ZAA-ca pawaia pavaia Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 133

21= MAMBERAMO covers the "Mamberamo" reference area (within the "Trans- Indonesia; Papua New Guinea 4 New Guinea" hypothesis); comprising 22 sets of languages (= geozone 78 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia, centered on the Mamberamo Basin in New Guinea: 21-A TURU+ KIRIKIRI 21-B BARUA+ SIKARI 21-C TAWORTA+ FOAU 21-D BERIK+ KWESTEN 21-E MAWES 21-F ORYA 21-G AWYI+TAIKAT 21-H WARIS+ MANEM 21-I PAGI+ KILMERI 21-J NIMBORAN+ GRESI 21-K MORWAP 21-L SAUSE 21-M KAPORI 21-N KAURE+ NARAU 21-O MOLOF 21-P USKU 21-Q TOFAMNA 21-R UNA+ SIRKAI 21-S DUBU+ TOWEI 21-T YAFI+ EMUMU 21-U ANGOR+ MENGAU 21-V OKSAPMIN

21-A TURU+ KIRIKIRI set LAKES-PLAIN-WEST, in [52=] Nederlands: west-meervlakte; part of tor+ "lakes plain" grouping Latin script 21-AA KIRIKIRI+ FAYU "far-west lakes-plain" chain 21-AAA FAYU net 21-AAA-a Fayu Fou valley ¶nomadic Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-AAA-aa fayu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-AAB KIRIKIRI net 21-AAB-a Kirikiri Dou+ Fou-W. confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-AAB-aa kirikiri kirira Kliki valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-AB TAUSE* chain 21-ABA TAUSE net 21-ABA-a Tause Dow+ Fou-N. confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-ABA-aa tause doa, darha Danau Bira-SW.: Deraposi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-AC TURU+ EDOPI chain 21-ACA EDOPI net 21-ACA-a Edopi Dow+ Fou confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-ACA-aa edopi dou, doufou, turu-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-ACB TURU+ IAU net 21-ACB-a Poi turu-N. Rouffaer valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-ACB-aa poi Taiyi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-ACB-b Turu-No turu-S. Van Daalen valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-ACB-ba turu-no Taiyi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-ACB-c Iau turu-E., yau, iaw Rouffaer… Van Daalen valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-ACB-ca bareri turu-NE., barere Rouffaer valley: Bareri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-ACB-cb fauwi turu-SE., fawi, foi Van Daalen valley: Fauwi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-ACB-cc urundi ururi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-B BARUA+SIKARI set LAKES-PLAIN-CENTRAL, in [52=] Nederlands: centraal-meervlakte; part of tor+ "lakes plain" grouping Latin script 21-BA BARUA+ WARI chain 21-BAA BARUA+ ERI net 21-BAA-a Barua+ Eri including aliki, haya Holmes, Danau Bira lake>S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-BAA-aa barua barua "proper", baburiwa, babiruwa, babruwa, babrua Kustera… Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-BAA-ab eri-tai eri, editode, edai, erai, barua-E. Erai… Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-BAB OBOGWI+ BIRI net 21-BAB-a Obogwi+ Biri Rouffaer middle… Rouffaer-N. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-BAB-aa obogwi-tai obogwi, ati (=«language») Obogwi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-BAB-ab biri-tai biri Biri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-BAC TAOGWE net 21-BAC-a Taogwe Rouffaer valley: Van Daalen confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-BAC-aa taogwe kwerisa Kwerisa… displaced to Kei Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-BAD DUVLE net 21-BAD-a Duvle duvele, duvde, duvre, wiri Van Daalen-S. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-BAD-aa duvle-W. Fedidi… Wedi valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-BAD-ab duvle-E. Dagai valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) page 134 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

21-BAE TOLI net 21-BAE-a Toli Toli lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya 2 21-BAE-aa toli-tai toli, taori-so, taori, dou-tai Toli-Dou Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-BAF KAIY net 21-BAF-a Kaiy Rouffaer+ Van Daalen confluence downstream Indonesia (Irian Jaya 2 21-BAF-aa kaiy taori-kaiy, todi, taori-kei, kei Kei+ Kokou Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-BAG SIKARI net 21-BAG-a Sikari Mamberamo valley: Rouffaer+ Idenburg confluence downstream Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-BAG-aa sikari-tai sikari, aikwakai, tori-aikwakai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-BAH WARI net 21-BAH-a Wari Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-BAH-aa wari-tai wari, were-tai Taive, Taiyeve Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-BB PAPASENA chain 21-BBA PAPASENA net 21-BBA-a Papasena Idenburg lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-BBA-aa papasena Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-C TAWORTA+ FOAU LAKES-PLAIN-EAST, in [52=] Nederlands: oost-meervlakte; part of set tor+ "lakes-plain" grouping Latin script 21-CA TAWORTA+ FOAU chain 21-CAA TAWORTA+ DABRA net 21-CAA-a Taworta Idenburg middle left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-CAA-aa taworta Taive-E., Taiyeve-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-CAA-b Dabra Idenburg middle left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-CAA-ba dabra bok Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-CAB FOAU net 21-CAB-a Foau Idenburg middle right-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-CAB-aa foau Foa… Mudiay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-D BERIK+ KWESTEN TOR, part of tor+ "lakes-plain" grouping Latin script set 21-DA BERIK+ DARANTO chain 21-DAA BERIK+ DARANTO net 21-DAA-a Berik+ Daranto "wider" berik, "upper" tor Tor valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-DAA-aa daranto Tor headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DAA-ab guamer Tor headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-DAA-ac waf Waf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DAA-ad bew beu Tor middle valley: Beu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DAA-ae berik berik "proper", berrik, berickTor lower valley: Kwondirjan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DAA-af safrontani Safrontani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DAA-ag sewan Sewan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DB MANDER chain 21-DBA MANDER net 21-DBA-a Mander Bu upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-DBA-aa mander Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-DC FOYA+ BONERIF* tor+ bu chain 21-DCA FOYA net 21-DCA-a Foya Tor middle valley… Bu lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DCA-aa foya foja Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-DCB BONERIF net 21-DCB-a Bonerif Tor middle right-bank… Bu lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DCB-aa bonerif beneraf Beneraf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DD KWESTEN chain 21-DDA KWESTEN net 21-DDA-a Kwesten Takar coast: Woske-E. river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-DDA-aa takar Takar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-DDA-ab 'holmhaven' Holmhaven Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-DDA-ac mafenter Mafenter Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-DDA-ad arare Arare Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-DDA-ae omte Omte Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 135

21-DE DABE+ WARES* chain 21-DEA DABE net 21-DEA-a Dabe Sarmi>E. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DEA-aa dabe Dabe Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DEB KEDER net 21-DEB-a Keder Tor-E. river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-DEB-aa keder Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-DEC BETAF notional net classified geographically, pending linguistic data 21-DEC-a Betaf Sarmi>E. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DEC-aa betaf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-DF ITIK chain 21-DFA ITIK net 21-DFA-a Itik betef, borto community Biri upper left-bank: Itik Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-DFA-aa itik-tor ittik-tor Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-DFA-ab itik-A. itik "proper", ittik Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-DG WARES chain 21-DGA WARES net 21-DGA-a Wares Biri upper right-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-DGA-aa wares maus-wares Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-DH MAREMGI chain 21-DHA MAREMGI net 21-DHA-a Maremgi Fahoen-W. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-DHA-aa maremgi marengge Marengge Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-E MAWES set part of tor+ "lakes-plain" grouping Latin script 21-EA MAWES chain 21-EAA MAWES net 21-EAA-a Mawes Biu+ Toarim river-mouths Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-EAA-aa mawes-W. Biu-E. river-mouth enclave Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-EAA-ab mawes-E. Toarim-W. river-mouth enclave Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-F ORYA set uria, part of tor+ "lakes-plain" grouping Latin script 21-FA ORYA chain 21-FAA ORYA net 21-FAA-a Orya oria, uria, warpok, warpu Toarim lower valley… Nawa upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-FAA-aa barat Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-FAA-ab timur Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-FAA-ac yapsi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-G AWYI+ TAIKAT set part of tami, "new guinea border" grouping Latin script 21-GA AWYI chain 21-GAA AWYI net 21-GAA-a Awyi Sekanto upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-GAA-aa awyi awye, awje, awji, nyao, njao Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-GB TAIKAT chain 21-GBA TAIKAT net 21-GBA-a Taikat Tami middle river-basin Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-GBA-aa taikat tajkat, arso Arso Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-H WARIS+ MANEM set part of tami, "new guinea border" grouping Latin script 21-HA MANEM chain 21-HAA MANEM net 21-HAA-a Manem including kibai; uskuar; grikuTami headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New 2 Guinea (Sandaun) 21-HAA-aa wembi Wembi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-HAA-ab yeti jeti Yeti Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-HAA-ac skofro Skofro Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-HAA-ad skotiau manem-NE., skotiaho Skotiau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun); also Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-HB WARIS+ SIMOG chain 21-HBA WARIS+ DAONDA net 21-HBA-a Waris+ Imonda "wider" waris Pai… Bapi headwaters Papua New Guinea (Sandaun); 3 Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-HBA-aa waris waris "proper", walsa Waris Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New 3 Guinea (Sandaun frontier) 21-HBA-ab imonda Imonda Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 page 136 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

21-HBA-b Daonda Imonda>NE. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 21-HBA-ba daonda Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 21-HBB SIMOG net 21-HBB-a Simog Imonda>E. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 21-HBB-aa simog Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 21-HC SENGGI chain 21-HCA SENGGI net 21-HCA-a Senggi Pai middle valley: Senggi… Tomfor Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-HCA-aa senggi sengi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-HD SOWANDA+ PUNDA chain 21-HDA SOWANDA+ PUNDA net 21-HDA-a Sowanda+ Punda Bapi-W. valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun); 3 Indonesia (Irian Jaya adjacent) 21-HDA-aa sowanda waina, wina, wanya, wanja Papua New Guinea (Sandaun); 3 Indonesia (Irian Jaya adjacent) 21-HDA-ab punda+ umeda Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 21-HE AMANAB chain 21-HEA AMANAB net 21-HEA-a Amanab Bapi-W. valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun); 3 Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-HEA-aa amanab-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-HEA-ab amanab-E. Amanab Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 21-I PAGI+ KILMERI set BEWANI, part of tami, "new guinea border" grouping Latin script 21-IA PAGI+ KILMERI chain 21-IAA PAGI+ KILMERI net 21-IAA-a Umeda Bewani mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 21-IAA-aa umeda Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 21-IAA-b Imbinis Bewani-N. mountains: Neumayer valleys Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2* 21-IAA-ba imbinis Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 21-IAA-c Ainbai Bewani-N. mountains: Neumayer valleys Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 21-IAA-ca ainbai Bewani Station-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 21-IAA-d Pagi Bewani-N. mountains: Puwani… Neumayer upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 21-IAA-da pagi pagei Pagei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 21-IAA-e Kilmeri+ Isi* Neumayer valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 21-IAA-ea isi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 21-IAA-eb ossima osima Osima Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 21-IAA-ec kilmeri kilmera Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 21-IAA-f Ningera Neumayer+ Pual river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 21-IAA-fa ningera nagira, ninggera Ningera Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 21-J NIMBORAN+ GRESI* Latin script set 21-JA NIMBORAN+ GRESI chain 21-JAA NIMBORAN net 21-JAA-a Nimboran Genyem, Genjem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-JAA-aa nimboran nambrong Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-JAB KWANSU+ BONGGRANG net 21-JAB-a Kwansu+ Bonggrang Sentani-W. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-JAB-aa kwansu kuangsu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-JAB-ab bonggrang Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-JAC GRESI+ KEMTUIK net 21-JAC-a Gresi Genyem-S.E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-JAC-aa gresi gresik Hawe… Bring… Sekori Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-JAC-b Kemtuik Sentani-SW. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-JAC-ba kemtuik kemtuk, kamtuk Mamdayawan… Merem… Braso… Sawiron Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-JAD MEKWEI net 21-JAD-a Mekwei Sentani lake… Tanahmerah bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-JAD-aa mekwei menggei, munggai, mungge, menggwei, munkei, mooi, moi, waipu, Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 including demenggong; waibron; bano distinct from [25=] Moi-W. & [25=] Moire (Moi-NE.) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 137

21-K MORWAP set Latin script 21-KA MORWAP chain 21-KAA MORWAP net 21-KAA-a Morwap Rewo headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-KAA-aa morwap janggu, djanggu, tabu, sawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-L SAUSE* set Latin script 21-LA SAUSE chain 21-LAA SAUSE net 21-LAA-a Sause Nawa middle right-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-LAA-aa sause seuce Sause-Bokoko Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-M KAPORI set part of kaure+ kapori grouping Latin script 21-MA KAPORI chain 21-MAA KAPORI net 21-MAA-a Kapori Idenburg upper right-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-MAA-aa kapori Pagai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-N KAURE+ NARAU set part of kaure+ kapori grouping Latin script 21-NA KAURE+ NARAU chain 21-NAA KAURE+ NARAU net 21-NAA-a Narau Nawa middle… Idenburg upper valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3* 21-NAA-aa narau Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-NAA-b Kaure Nawa lower valley… Idenburg upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-NAA-ba kaure-A. kaureh Kaureh Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-NAA-bb kosadle kosare Idenburg upper left-bank: Hulu-Atas… displaced eastward Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-O MOLOF set 21-OA MOLOF chain 21-OAA MOLOF net 21-OAA-a Molof Pai left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-OAA-aa molof ampas Senggi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-P USKU set 21-PA USKU chain 21-PAA USKU net 21-PAA-a Usku Pauwasi left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-PAA-aa usku Usku Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 21-Q TOFAMNA set 21-QA TOFAMNA chain 21-QAA TOFAMNA net 21-QAA-a Tofamna Nawa left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2* 21-QAA-aa tofamna Tofamna Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-R UNA+ SIRKAI set MEK, goliath Latin script 21-RA UNA+ HMANGGONA mek-W., goliath-W. chain 21-RAA HMANGGONA+ including yali NIPSAN net 21-RAA-a Kosarek yali-kosarek, yale-kosarek Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-RAA-aa wanam Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-RAA-ab in-lom Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-RAA-b Gilika Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-RAA-ba gilika Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-RAA-c Nipsan yali-nipsan, abenago Nipsan… Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-RAA-ca yali-'pass' "pass-valley" yali Pass valley 21-RAA-cb landikma Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RAA-cc apahapsili Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RAA-d Hmanggona Naltya Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 21-RAA-da hmanggona nalca, naltje, naltya, hmonono, kimyal, kimjal Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 21-RAB KORUPUN+ SELA net 21-RAB-a Korupun+ Dagi korapun, kimyal-korupun Erok upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-RAB-aa korupun duram Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RAB-ab dagi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RAB-ac sisibna gobugdua Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RAB-ad deibula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) page 138 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

21-RAB-b Sela Sela… Thai valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-RAB-ba sela-NW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RAB-bb sela-SE. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RAC UNA+ EIPO net 21-RAC-a Una Yay-W. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-RAC-aa una "mount" goliath, goliath, langda, in [52=] Nederlands: oranje-gebergte Indonesia (Irian Jaya) Goliath mountain… Weip-E. valley 21-RAC-b Eipo+ Fa "t-valley" Eipo valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-RAC-ba fa-mek Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RAC-bb keririmna Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RAC-bc eipo-mek Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RB SIRKAI+ mek-E., goliath-E. KETENGBAN chain 21-RBA SIRKAI+ KETENGBAN net 21-RBA-a Sirkai Sobger left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-RBA-aa sirkai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-RBA-b Ketengban kupel, oktengban Ok-Bi… Ok-Tyop upper valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-RBA-ba limeri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RBA-bb tanime Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RBA-bc bima Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RBA-bd kanume Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RBA-be teli Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RBA-bf kirome Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RBA-bg bame Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RBA-bh ok-bab Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RBA-bi larye Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-RBA-c Kinome Ok-Bi… Ok-Tyop upper valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-RBA-ca kinome kupel, oktengban Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 21-S DUBU+ TOWEI set pauwasi-W.; part of pauwasi grouping 21-SA DUBU+ TOWEI chain 21-SAA DUBU net 21-SAA-a Dubu Ubrub-NW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-SAA-aa dubu Affi… Dobu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-SAB TOWEI net 21-SAB-a Towei Ubrub-SW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-SAB-aa towei towe Towe Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-T YAFI+ EMUMU set pauwasi-E.; part of pauwasi grouping Latin script 21-TA YAFI+ EMUMU chain 21-TAA YAFI net 21-TAA-a Yafi Ubrub-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-TAA-aa yafi jafi, yaffi, yaffri, wagarindem, wargarindem Yaffri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 21-TAB EMUMU net 21-TAB-a Emumu Ubrub-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya frontier) 3 21-TAB-aa emumu kiamerop Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 21-U ANGOR+ MENGAU SENAG Latin script set 21-UA ANGOR+ MENGAUchain 21-UAA MENGAU+ KAMBERATARO net 21-UAA-a Mengau+ dera, dra, kamberataro, komberatoro Faringi valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New 3 Kamberataro Guinea (Sandaun) 21-UAA-aa kamberataro-N. (Irian Jaya) and/or (Sandaun) 21-UAA-ab kamberataro-S. (Irian Jaya) and/or (Sandaun) 21-UAA-ac mengau mangguar (Irian Jaya) and/or (Sandaun) 21-UAA-ad lihen (Irian Jaya) and/or (Sandaun) 21-UAA-ae duka-ekor Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 139

21-UAB ANGOR net 21-UAB-a Angor anggor, watapor, senagi, bibriari Amanab-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 21-UAB-aa nai angor-C. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 21-UAB-ab monga Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 21-UAB-ac samanai Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 21-V OKSAPMIN set Latin script 21-VA OKSAPMIN chain 21-VAA OKSAPMIN net 21-VAA-a Oksapmin Strickland upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 21-VAA-aa oksapmin Oksapmin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 page 140 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

22= MANDANGIC covers the"Madang-Adelbert" grouping (part of the "Trans- Indonesia; Papua New Guinea 4 New Guinea" hypothesis); comprising 23 sets of languages (= phylozone 101 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia, centered on the Madang-Adelbert Range in New Guinea: 22-A IKUNDUN+ KATIATI 22-B PAYNAMAR 22-C NEND+ ATEMBLE 22-D APAL+ MUSAK 22-E BIYOM+ FAITA 22-F PILA+ TANI 22-G MAUWAKE+ HINIHON 22-H ABASAKUR+ KOGUMAN 22-I USAN+ PARAWEN 22-J AMAIMON 22-K WASKIA+ KORAK 22-L BUNABUN+ MALAS 22-M DIMIR 22-N BARGAM 22-O KARE 22-P GARUS+ GIRAWA 22-Q GARIA+ URIGINA 22-R SAUSI+ DUMPU 22-S OGEA+ RERAU 22-T ANJAM+ SONGUM 22-U PULABU+ SIROI 22-V SAEP+ YABONG 22-W WASEMBO

22-A IKUNDUN+ KATIATI JOSEPHSTAAL Latin script set 22-AA IKUNDUN+ pomoikan-N.+ wadaginam; part of pomoikan grouping WADAGINAM chain 22-AAA WADAGINAM net 22-AAA-a Wadaginam Guam, Goam upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-AAA-aa wadaginam wadaginamb Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-AAB MORESADA net part of pomoikan-N. 22-AAB-a Moresada Guam, Goam upper left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-AAB-aa moresada murisapa, murusapa+ sarewa Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-AAC IKUNDUN net part of pomoikan-N. 22-AAC-a Ikundun mindivi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-AAC-aa ikundun mindivi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-AB PONDOMA chain pomoikan-S.; part of pomoikan grouping 22-ABA PONDOMA net 22-ABA-a Pondoma Josephstaal Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-ABA-aa pondoma Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-AC OSUM chain 22-ACA OSUM net 22-ACA-a Osum Aingurum… Sogeram valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-ACA-aa osum Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-AD KATIATI+ SILEIBI sikan chain 22-ADA KATIATI net 22-ADA-a Katiati Josephstaal-SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-ADA-aa katiati Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-ADB SILEIBI net 22-ADB-a Sileibi Musita Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-ADB-aa sileibi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-B PAYNAMAR set wanang-N.; part of wanang grouping 22-BA PAYNAMAR chain 22-BAA PAYNAMAR net 22-BAA-a Paynamar Sogeram valley: Paynamar Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-BAA-aa paynamar Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-C NEND+ ATEMBLE ATAN, wanang-C.; part of wanang grouping Latin script set 22-CA NEND+ ATEMBLE chain 22-CAA NEND net angaua 22-CAA-a Nend Sogeram valley… Ramu middle valley: Pasinkap… Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-CAA-aa nend nent; angaua community Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-CAB ATEMBLE net 22-CAB-a Atemble Ramu middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-CAB-aa atemble atemple-apris, atemple Atemple Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 141

22-D APAL+ MUSAK set EMUAN, wanang-S.; part of wanang grouping 22-DA APAL chain 22-DAA APAL net 22-DAA-a Apal Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-DAA-aa apal-N. Tevari Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-DAA-ab apal-S. emerum, apali Angguna Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-DB MUSAK chain 22-DBA MUSAK net 22-DBA-a Musak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-DBA-aa musak Musak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-E BIYOM+ FAITA* set BRAHMAN Latin script 22-EA FAITA chain 22-EAA FAITA net 22-EAA-a Faita Ramu valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-EAA-aa faita Usino-SW. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-EB TAUYA chain 22-EBA TAUYA net 22-EBA-a Tauya Imbrum… Tauya valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-EBA-aa tauya inafosa Tauya… Kausi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-EC BIYOM chain 22-ECA BIYOM net 22-ECA-a Biyom Tauya valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-ECA-aa biyom sasimo, sasime Bundi-SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-ED ISABI chain 22-EDA ISABI net 22-EDA-a Isabi Marcia left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-EDA-aa isabi maruhia Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-F PILA+ MAIANI set KAUKOMBRAN, part of pihom grouping Latin script 22-FA PILA+ MAIANI chain banara, hatzfeldthaven, moando 22-FAA PAY net 22-FAA-a Pay pai, mala, alam, banara #pay, pai=«speech» Dagoi… Malala Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 Harbour coastal enclaves 22-FAA-aa dagoi dagui, pay-W. Dagoi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-FAA-ab hatzfeldthaven pay-C. Hatzfeldthaven Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-FAA-ac malala pay-E. Malala Harbour Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-FAB PILA net 22-FAB-a Pila miani #pila=«speech» Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-FAB-aa bonaputa+ mopu Bonaputa+ Mopu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-FAB-ab suaru Suaru Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-FAC MAIA net 22-FAC-a Maia maya, saki # maia, maya=«speech» Mugamat-W. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-FAC-aa turatapa turutap Turutapa Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-FAC-ab yakiba Yakiba Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-FAC-ac mugumat-saki Mugamat Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-FAD MAIANI net 22-FAD-a Maiani miami, tani, banara #maiani =«speech» Mugamat-E. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-FAD-aa mugumat-tani Mugamat Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-FAD-ab wagimuda Wagimuda Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-G MAUWAKE+ UBEAN, part of pihom grouping Latin script HINIHON set 22-GA MAUWAKE chain 22-GAA MAUWAKE net 22-GAA-a Mauwake Kumil valley… Sikor coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-GAA-aa mauwake ulingan, mawake Muaka… Sikor Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-GB BEPOUR chain 22-GBA BEPOUR net 22-GBA-a Bepour Kumil-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-GBA-aa bepour Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-GC MOERE chain 22-GCA MOERE net 22-GCA-a Moere Kumil-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-GCA-aa moere Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 page 142 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

22-GD MAWAK chain 22-GDA MAWAK net 22-GDA-a Mawak Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-GDA-aa mawak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-GE KOWAKI chain 22-GEA KOWAKI net 22-GEA-a Kowaki Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-GEA-aa kowaki Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-GF HINIHON chain 22-GFA HINIHON net 22-GFA-a Hinihon Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-GFA-aa hinihon Hinihon Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-GG MUSAR chain 22-GGA MUSAR net 22-GGA-a Musar aregerek Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-GGA-aa musar aregerek Timper valley: Musar mountain Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-GH WANAMBRE chain 22-GHA WANAMBRE net mawamuan-S. 22-GHA-a Wanambre Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-GHA-aa wanambre vanembere, vanambere Timper valley: Wanambre Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-H ABASAKUR+ OMOSAN, part of pihom grouping KOGUMAN set 22-HA ABASAKUR+ KOGUMAN chain 22-HAA KOGUMAN net 22-HAA-a Koguman Savai headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-HAA-aa koguman Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-HAB ABASAKUR net 22-HAB-a Abasakur Savai headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-HAB-aa abasakur Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-I USAN+ PARAWEN NUMAGENAN, "wayapan", part of pihom grouping Latin script set 22-IA USAN+ YABEN chain 22-IAA USAN net 22-IAA-a Usan Adelbert Range-W. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-IAA-aa usan wanuma Wanuma Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-IAB YABEN net 22-IAB-a Yaben Adelbert Range mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-IAB-aa yaben-SW. Adelbert Range-W. mountains: Numugen middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-IAB-ab yaben-NE. Adelbert Range-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-IB PARAWEN+ wayapan-S. UKURIGAMA chain 22-IBA PARAWEN net 22-IBA-a Parawen Kosilanta… Gogol upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-IBA-aa parawen para Parawen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-IBB UKURIGUMA+ YARAWATA net 22-IBB-a Ukuriguma Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-IBB-aa ukuriguma Kosilanta-E. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-IBB-b Yarawata Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-IBB-ba yarawata Kosilanta-SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-IC BILAKURA* chain 22-ICA BILAKURA net 22-ICA-a Bilakura Numugen headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-ICA-aa bilakura* Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-J AMAIMON set part of pihom grouping 22-JA AMAIMON chain 22-JAA AMAIMON net 22-JAA-a Amaimon Gogol valley… Sogeram right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-JAA-aa amaimon Amaimon Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 143

22-K WASKIA+ KORAK KOWAN, part of isumrud grouping Latin script set 22-KA KORAK chain 22-KAA KORAK net 22-KAA-a Korak Dove Point coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-KAA-aa korak Korak… Taveltai Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-KB WASKIA+ KARKAR chain 22-KBA WASKIA+ KARKAR net 22-KBA-a Waskia+ Karkar Isumrud strait Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-KBA-aa karkar Karkar-N. island: Karkar… Urugen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-KBA-ab waskia woskia, vaskia, tokain Tokain coast: Gilagil river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-L BUNABUN+ MALAS part of isumrud grouping set 22-LA BUNABUN chain 22-LAA BUNABUN net 22-LAA-a Bunabun Dove Point-S. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-LAA-aa bunabun bunubun, bububun Bunabun Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-LB MALAS chain 22-LBA MALAS net 22-LBA-a Malas Timper-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-LBA-aa malas mabuan Malas… Imbarb Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-M DIMIR set part of isumrud grouping Latin script 22-MA DIMIR chain 22-MAA DIMIR net 22-MAA-a Dimir Karim coast… Gilagil middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-MAA-aa dimir boskien, bosiken Dimir… Baskan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-N BARGAM set Latin script 22-NA BARGAM chain 22-NAA BARGAM net 22-NAA-a Bargam Croisilles cape… Kurum Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-NAA-aa bargam mugil, bunu, saker Bunu… Mugil Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-O KARE set 22-OA KARE chain 22-OAA KARE net 22-OAA-a Kare Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-OAA-aa kare Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-P GARUS+ GIRAWA* MABUSO, Latin script internal relationships to be clarified, set including diagnostic use of different words for «what» 22-PA GARUS+ GARUH chain 22-PAA GARUS+ REMPI net 22-PAA-a Garus Garu hinterland Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-PAA-aa garus part of ate, part of em, kurupi #ate or em =«what» Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-PAA-b Yoidik Astrolabe Bay-N. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PAA-ba yoidik part of em Yoidik #em =«what» Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PAA-c Rempi Astrolabe Bay-W. coast-: Alexishafen-N. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PAA-ca rempi rempin, a'e, erempi Sempi #a'e =«what» Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PAB GARUH+ KAMBA net 22-PAB-a Garuh Alexishafen hinterland Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-PAB-aa garuh butelkud+ guntabak, nobonob, nobnob Butelkud… Nobanob Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-PAB-b Kamba Madang hinterland Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-PAB-ba wagi vagi, furan, foran, kamba, mis+ kembar Foran… Mis… Kamba, Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 Kembar 22-PB MURUPI+ WAMAS* chain 22-PBA MOSIMO net 22-PBA-a Mosimo Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-PBA-aa mosimo Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-PBB WAMAS net 22-PBB-a Wamas Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PBB-aa wamas Wamas Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 page 144 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

22-PBC SAMOSA net 22-PBC-a Samosa Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-PBC-aa samosa Samosa+ Soli Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-PBD MURUPI net 22-PBD-a Murupi Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PBD-aa murupi part of ate Murupi #ate =«what» Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PBE RAPTING net 22-PBE-a Rapting Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PBE-aa rapting lapting Lapting Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PC SARUGA+ UTU* chain 22-PCA SARUGA net 22-PCA-a Saruga Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCA-aa saruga Saruga Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCB BAGUPI net 22-PCB-a Bagupi Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-PCB-aa bagupi Bagupi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-PCC NAKE net 22-PCC-a Nake ale Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCC-aa nake ale Nake+ Itapi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCD SILOPI net 22-PCD-a Silopi Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCD-aa silopi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCE MATEPI net 22-PCE-a Matepi Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCE-aa matepi Matepi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCF UTU net 22-PCF-a Utu Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCF-aa utu Utu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCG GAL net 22-PCG-a Gal Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCG-aa gal baimak-N., weim Gal Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCH BAIMAK net 22-PCH-a Baimak Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCH-aa baimak Baimak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCI MAWAN net 22-PCI-a Mawan Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PCI-aa mawan Mawan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PD ISEBE+ AMELE* GUM, abaian chain 22-PDA ISEBE+ PANIM net 22-PDA-a Panim Madang-W. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PDA-aa panim Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PDA-b Isebe+ Bau Kauris… Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-PDA-ba isebe balahaim Barahaim… Panim Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-PDA-bb bau Bau Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-PDB GUMALU net 22-PDB-a Gumalu Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PDB-aa gumalu Gumalu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PDC SIHAN net 22-PDC-a Sihan Gogol right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PDC-aa sihan Kokom lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PDD AMELE net 22-PDD-a Amele Gogol lower left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-PDD-aa amele amale Amele Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-PE GIRAWA+ MUNIT KOKOM chain 22-PEA MUNIT net 22-PEA-a Munit Kokom middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PEA-aa munit Berin… Waguma Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PEB BEMAL net 22-PEB-a Bemal Kokom upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-PEB-aa bemal kein Bemal… Jal Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 145

22-PEC GIRAWA net 22-PEC-a Girawa Sogeram upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-PEC-aa girawa begasin, bagasin Bagasin… Garinam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-Q GARIA+ URIGINA set PEKA, part of rai-"coast" grouping Latin script 22-QA GARIA chain 22-QAA GARIA net 22-QAA-a Garia Sogeram… Peka headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-QAA-aa garia kari, sumau Sumau Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-QB USINO chain 22-QBA USINO net 22-QBA-a Usino Ramu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-QBA-aa usino kari, sop Usino Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-QC DANARU chain 22-QCA DANARU net 22-QCA-a Danaru Peka upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-QCA-aa danaru Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-QD URIGINA chain 22-QDA URIGINA net 22-QDA-a Urigina Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-QDA-aa urigina uriginau, origanau Urigini… Korigina Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-R SAUSI+ DUMPU set EVAPIA, part of rai-"coast" Latin script 22-RA SINSAURU chain 22-RAA SINSAURU net 22-RAA-a Sinsauru Mindim upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-RAA-aa sinsauru-A. kow Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-RAA-ab saipa Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-RB SAUSI chain 22-RBA SAUSI net 22-RBA-a Sausi Ramu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-RBA-aa sausi uya Koropa Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-RC ASAS chain 22-RCA ASAS net 22-RCA-a Asas Ramu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-RCA-aa asas kow Koropa-SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-RD KESAWAI chain 22-RDA KESAWAI net 22-RDA-a Kesawai Ramu… Marcia upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-RDA-aa kesawai namuya Kesawai Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-RE DUMPU chain 22-REA DUMPU net 22-REA-a Dumpu Ramu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-REA-aa dumpu watifa, watiwa Dumpu… Bebei Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-S OGEA+ RERAU set NURU, part of rai-"coast" grouping Latin script 22-SA USU chain 22-SAA USU net 22-SAA-a Usu Kokon headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-SAA-aa usu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-SB OGEA chain 22-SBA OGEA net 22-SBA-a Ogea Astrolabe Bay-W. coast: Gogol-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-SBA-aa ogea erima, nuru, ato Ato Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-SC DUDUELA chain 22-SCA DUDUELA net 22-SCA-a Duduela Nuru middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-SCA-aa duduela Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-SD KWATO chain 22-SDA KWATO net 22-SDA-a Kwato Mindin middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-SDA-aa kwato waupe Kwato… Yaula Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 page 146 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

22-SE JILIM chain 22-SEA JILIM net 22-SEA-a Jilim Mindin middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-SEA-aa jilim Jilim… Jamjam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-SF RERAU chain 22-SFA RERAU net 22-SFA-a Rerau Mindin lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-SFA-aa rerau Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-SG YANGULAM chain 22-SGA YANGULAM net 22-SGA-a Yangulam Kabenau-SE. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-SGA-aa yangulam jenglam, englam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-T ANJAM+ SONGUM MINDJIM, part of rai-"coast" grouping Latin script set 22-TA ANJAM chain 22-TAA ANJAM net 22-TAA-a Anjam Astrolabe Bay: Mindim river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-TAA-aa anjam bogati, bom, bogajim, bogadjim, lalok Bom Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 22-TB MALE chain 22-TBA MALE net 22-TBA-a Male Astrolabe Bay-S. coast-S.: Mindim river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-TBA-aa male Male Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-TC BONGU chain 22-TCA BONGU net 22-TCA-a Bongu Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Kabenau-W. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-TCA-aa bongu Bongu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-TD SONGUM chain 22-TDA SONGUM net 22-TDA-a Songum Kabenau lower right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-TDA-aa songum Songum… Bang Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-U PULABU+ SIROI set KABENAU, part of rai-"coast" grouping Latin script 22-UA PULABU chain 22-UAA PULABU net 22-UAA-a Pulabu Kabenau middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-UAA-aa pulabu-A. pilabu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-UAA-ab kadda Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-UB LEMIO chain 22-UBA LEMIO net 22-UBA-a Lemio Kabenau upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-UBA-aa lemio-A. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-UBA-ab gurumbu Gurumbu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-UC ARAWUM chain 22-UCA ARAWUM net 22-UCA-a Arawum Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Kambara-W. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-UCA-aa arawum Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-UD SIROI chain 22-UDA SIROI net 22-UDA-a Siroi rimba, rumba Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Rimbo-E. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-UDA-aa siroi-A. suroi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-UDA-ab pasa Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-UDA-ac komisanga Papua New Guinea (Madang) 22-UE KOLOM chain 22-UEA KOLOM net 22-UEA-a Kolom Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Dein-E. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-UEA-aa kolom langtub, lamtub Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-V SAEP+ YABONG set YAGANON, part of rai-"coast" Latin script 22-VA DUMUN chain 22-VAA DUMUN net 22-VAA-a Dumun Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Gowar lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 22-VAA-aa dumun bai Dumun… Bai Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 147

22-VB SAEP chain 22-VBA SAEP net 22-VBA-a Saep Gowar middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-VBA-aa saep Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-VC GANGLAU chain 22-VCA GANGLAU net 22-VCA-a Ganglau Astrolabe Bay-S. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-VCA-aa ganglau Dein Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-VD YABONG chain 22-VDA YABONG net 22-VDA-a Yabong Yaganon lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-VDA-aa yabong Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 22-W WASEMBO* set part of pihom 22-WA WASEMBO chain 22-WAA WASEMBO net 22-WAA-a Wasembo Gusap middle valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 22-WAA-aa wasembo gusap, yankowan, biapim Gusap Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 page 148 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

23= OWALAMIC covers the "Owalamic" or "East Trans-New Guinea" grouping Papua New Guinea 5 (part of the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis); comprising 11 phylozone sets of languages (= 57 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia, centered on the Owen Stanley (including Owalama) Range & Peninsula in eastern New Guinea: 23-A SUENA+ GUHU-SAMANE 23-B FUYUGE+ WERI 23-C KOIALI+ BARAI 23-D KWALE+ HUMENE 23-E MULAHA 23-F MARIA+ DOROMU 23-G YAREBA+ MAGI 23-H ONJOB 23-I DAGA+ MAIWA 23-J UMANAKAINA 23-K GINUMAN+ KANASI

23-A SUENA+ GUHU- "binanderean"+ guhu-samane Latin script SAMANE set 23-AA GUHU-SAMANE chain 23-AAA GUHU-SAMANE net 23-AAA-a Guhu-Samane tahari, muri, bia Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 3 23-AAA-aa waria-C. "middle" waria Waria middle valley: Bapi+ Kakeipo Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 3 23-AAA-ab sekare Papua New Guinea (Morobe and/or Oro) 23-AAA-ac paiawa paewa, paiewa Pai-awa village+ river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 23-AAA-ad eipa Mai-Ama middle valley: Eipa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 23-AB SUENA+ OROKAIVA BINANDEREAN chain 23-ABA SUENA+ ZIA net 23-ABA-a Suena Mai-ama river-mouth… Morobe coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 23-ABA-aa suena yema, yarawe, yarawi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 23-ABA-b Yekora Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 23-ABA-ba yekora-E. Waria river-mouth: Sapa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 23-ABA-bb yekora-W. Mo upper valley: Posei… Ana Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 23-ABA-c Zia Waria lower valley… Hercules bay Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 3 23-ABA-ca zia tsia, ziya, "lower" waria Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 3 23-ABA-d Mawae Waria valley:Iema Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 3 23-ABA-da mawae Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 3 23-ABB BINANDERE+ AMBASI net 23-ABB-a Binandere Tavi valley… Kurureda Papua New Guinea (Oro; Morobe 3 adjacent) 23-ABB-aa binandere ioma-binandere Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-ABB-b Ambasi Bekabari… Katura coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-ABB-ba ambasi-A. tain-daware, davari, dawari Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-ABB-bb killerton Killerton coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABC AEKA net 23-ABC-a Aeka Opi upper valley… Kumusi+ Jajau valleys Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-ABC-aa aeka aiga Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-ABD OROKAIVA+ HUNJARA net 23-ABD-a Orokaiva orakaiva Kumusi upper valley… Garuro coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 4 23-ABD-aa wasida waseta, wasera, waseda Saiho Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABD-ab jegasi+ saruhu Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABD-ac periho berepo Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABD-ad kombu+ sangara Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABD-ae sairope Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABD-af kendata Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABD-ag jegarata+ kakendetta Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABD-ah sohe Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABD-ai popondetta Popondetta Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABD-aj doboduru dubuduru Hongerata… Garuro Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABD-b Hunjara Kokoda… Sairope Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-ABD-ba hunjara huntjara, koko Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 149

23-ABE EWAGE+ NOTU net 23-ABE-a Ewage+ Notu Papua New Guinea (Oro) 4 23-ABE-aa ewage-buna Auro+ Buna coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 4 23-ABE-ab ewage-gona* Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-ABE-aba yega-W. Killerton>S. (Oro) 23-ABE-abb okeina okenaPorlock Harbour (Oro) 23-ABE-ac notu Embogo… Pongani coast; émigré> Porlock Harbour Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3* 23-ABF GAINA net 23-ABF-a Gaina Bariji lower left-bank: Iwugi Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-ABF-aa bareji baredji, bariji Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-ABF-ab gaina-A. Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-ABG BARUGA net 23-ABG-a Baruga Musa valley Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-ABG-aa songadi+ karisoa Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-ABG-aaa songadi Bariji river-mouth (Oro) 23-ABG-aab karisoa Musa river-mouth: Karisoa (Oro) 23-ABG-ab tugari Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABG-ac gombara Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABG-ad kinjaki Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABG-ae kakasa Kakasa Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABG-af embessa Embessa Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABG-ag gugumu Gugumu Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABG-ah totore Totore Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-ABH DOGORO net 23-ABH-a Dogoro Bendorada… Sebaga coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-ABH-aa dogoro Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-ABI KORAFE net 23-ABI-a Korafe Cape Nelson cape Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-ABI-aa korafe-A. korape, korafi, kwarafe, okeina, kailikaili Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-ABI-ab mokorua yega-E. Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-B FUYUGE+ WERI set GOILALAN Latin script 23-BA BIANGAI chain 23-BAA BIANGAI net 23-BAA-a Biangai Bulolo headwaters: Wau Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 23-BAA-aa ngowiye Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 23-BAA-ab yongolei Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 23-BB WERI chain 23-BBA WERI net 23-BBA-a Weri weli, wele Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 23-BBA-aa sim Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 23-BBA-ab biaru+ waria Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 23-BBA-aba biaru Biaru headwaters (Morobe) 23-BBA-abb 'upper'-waria Waria headwaters (Morobe) 23-BBA-ac ono Ono headwaters Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 23-BC KUNIMAIPA+ GAJILI chain 23-BCA KUNIMAIPA+ GAJILI net 23-BCA-a Gajili Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 23-BCA-aa gajili gajila, gazili, ghazili Bubu valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 23-BCA-b Kunimaipa "pseudo" gajili Kunimaipa… Inwatunga headwaters Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-BCA-ba karuama Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-BCA-bb kate hate Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-BD TAUADE chain 23-BDA TAUADE net 23-BDA-a Tauade Angabunga… Alabule headwaters Papua New Guinea (Central; Oro) 4 23-BDA-aa tauade tauata Papua New Guinea (Central; Oro) 4 23-BE FUYUGE chain 23-BEA FUYUGE net 23-BEA-a Fuyuge fujuge, fuyughe, mafufu, woitape Papua New Guinea (Central; Oro) 4 23-BEA-aa auga Auga upper valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-BEA-ab dilava Dilava upper valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-BEA-ac ononge vanapa, onange, fuyuge-C. Vanapa middle valley: Ononge Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-BEA-ad chirima Chirima valley Papua New Guinea (Central; Oro) 3 page 150 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

23-C KOIALI+ BARAI set KOIARIAN Latin script 23-CA KOIALI+ KOIARI KOIARIC chain 23-CAA KOIALI net "mountain" koiari 23-CAA-a Koiali-E Kumusi headwaters Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-CAA-aa awoma Awoma… Tetebe Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-CAA-ab kovio Kovio Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-CAA-b Koiali-N. Mambara left-bank Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-CAA-ba koiali-N. Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-CAA-c Koiali-W. Vanapa river-basin Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-CAA-ca koiali-W. Vanapa river-basin Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CAA-d Koiali-C. Brown upper river-basin Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-CAA-da koiali-C. Brown upper river-basin Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-CAA-e Koiali-S. Goldie valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-CAA-ea varagadi varagadi community Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CAA-eb uberi uberi community Uberi Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CAA-ec moroka moroka community Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CAA-ed herei herei community Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CAA-ee eava eava community Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CAB KOIARI+ KOITA net 23-CAB-a Koita koitabu Port Moresby-N. Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-CAB-aa koita-W. Gorohu coast Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-CAB-ab koita-E. Brown lower valley… Roku coast Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-CAB-b Koiari "grass" koiari Sogeri plateau: Port Moresby-E. Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-CAB-ba koiari-W. Sogeri Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CAB-bb koiari-E. Agitana Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CB BARAI+ BARAIC MANAGALASI chain 23-CBA BARAI+ UMWATE net 23-CBA-a Barai+ Umwate Owen Stanley Range high valleys Papua New Guinea (Central); 3 (Oro) 23-CBA-aa nigubaiba Doe Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CBA-ab barai Sorikoro Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CBA-ac pitoni Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CBA-ad tabu Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CBA-ae laroni Mimai Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-CBA-af manoa Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-CBA-ag mogoni Iaure Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-CBA-ah umwate Umwate Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-CBA-ai ufia Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-CBA-aj kokora Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-CBA-ak pirimi Kiar Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-CBA-al emo Emo River Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-CBA-am seramina formerly Papua New Guinea 0 23-CBA-an uala Papua New Guinea 0 23-CBB MANAGALASI+ ÖMIE net 23-CBB-a Ömie aomie, managalasi-H Mamama… Kumusi upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-CBB-aa zuwadza Kumusi upper valley: Managubi Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-ab asapa ömie-C. Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-ac gora+ bomahouji Lamington-S. mountain Gora+ Bomahouji Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-b Managalasi managulasi Bariji left-bank: Lamington mountain Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3 23-CBB-ba nami Kwarue Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-bb mesari Jorara+ Natanga Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-bc averi Natanga-N. Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-bd minjori Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-be numba Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-bf akabara Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-bg wakue Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 151

23-CBB-bh karira Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-bi jimuni Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-bj oko Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-bk afore Afore Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-CBB-bl muaturaina Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-CBB-bm chimona Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-CBB-bn dea Papua New Guinea (Oro) 23-D KWALE+ HUMENE part of "kwalean" grouping Latin script set 23-DA KWALE+ HUMENE chain 23-DAA KWALE+ HUMENE net 23-DAA-a Humene+ Lagume manukolu Iovei coast Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-DAA-aa humene Manugoro Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-DAA-ab lagume lakume Gobuia Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-DAA-b Kwale+ Garia Kemp+ Welch right-bank Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-DAA-ba kwale kware, tware, uare Kwale-W. Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-DAA-bb garia Hunter lower valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-E MULAHA set part of "kwalean" grouping X 23-EA MULAHA chain X 23-EAA MULAHA net X 23-EAA-a Mulaha muzaha+ zareba ¶extinct submerged < [23=] Humene Gaile-SE. Papua New Guinea (Central) 0 23-EAA-aa mulaha-A. muzaha Papua New Guinea (Central) 0 23-EAA-ab iaibu Papua New Guinea (Central) 0 23-F MARIA+ DOROMU MANUBARAN Latin script set 23-FA MARIA+ DOROMU chain 23-FAA DOROMU+ KOKILA net 23-FAA-a Doromu+ Kokila doram Brown-W. mountain Papua New Guinea (Central); 2 (Oro) 23-FAA-aa kokila Bareika Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-FAA-ab doromu Aramaika Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-FAA-ac koriko Lofaika Papua New Guinea (Central); (Oro) 23-FAB MARIA+ DIDIGARU net 23-FAB-a Maria+ Didigaru manubara Waipala upper… Lako… Imila… Bomuguina valleys Papua New Guinea (Central); 3 (Oro) 23-FAB-aa didigaru Maranomu Papua New Guinea (Central); 2 (Oro) 23-FAB-ab oibu Papua New Guinea (Central) 1 23-FAB-ac gebi Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-FAB-ad amota Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-FAB-ae maria Maria Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-FAB-af imila Imila valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-FAB-ag uderi Papua New Guinea (Central) 1 23-G YAREBA+ MAGI set "yareban"+ "mailuan" Latin script 23-GA YAREBA+ BARIJI YAREBAN chain 23-GAA BARIJI net 23-GAA-a Bariji Bariji right-bank: Samaga Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-GAA-aa bariji aga-bereho Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-GAB YAREBA+ NAWARU net 23-GAB-a Nawaru Moni upper valley Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-GAB-aa nawaru sirio Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-GAB-b Yareba Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-GAB-ba yareba "middle" musa Musa upper river-basin Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-GAC MOIKODI+ ANEME- WAKE net 23-GAC-a Moikodi Dureri river-basin: Moikodi… Babudi Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-GAC-aa moikodi doriri, dureri Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 page 152 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

23-GAC-b Aneme-Wake abie, abia Ianu>N.: Foasi… Domara creeks Papua New Guinea (Central); 2 (Oro) 23-GAC-ba jari Jari Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-GAC-bb auwaka Auwaka Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-GAC-bc doma Doma Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-GAC-bd buniabura Mori valley: Debana… Buniabura villages (now abandoned) Papua New Guinea (Central) 1 23-GAC-be mori Mori left-bank Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-GB MAGI+ BAUWAKI MAILUAN transition < [23=] Yareba+ Bariji chain 23-GBA BAUWAKI+ DOMU Papua New Guinea (Oro); net (Central) 23-GBA-a Bauwaki ba-vake #=«true speech» Papua New Guinea (Oro); 2 (Central) 23-GBA-aa ba-vake-N. Adau valley Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-GBA-ab ba-vake-S. Amau Papua New Guinea (Oro and/or Central) 23-GBA-b Domu Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-GBA-ba domu dom Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2 23-GBB NEME+ MORAWA net #-da'a =«speech» 23-GBB-a Neme-Da'a 'binahari'-SE. Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-GBB-aa neme-da'a neme, neme'a, nemea Amina middle valley: Oio Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-GBB-b Ma-Da'a 'binahari'-C. Baubagina… Liba upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-GBB-ba doma-liba doma Liba upper valley: Doma 2 Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-GBB-bb sigili Bam… Sigili Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-GBB-bc apaeva Babauguina valley: Apaeva Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-GBB-c Morawa Duramu+ Aniado: Cloudy Bay bay Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-GBB-ca morawa Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-GBC MAGI+ LAUA net 23-GBC-a Laua Bailebo upper valley: Laua Papua New Guinea (Central) 1 23-GBC-aa laua "labu" Papua New Guinea (Central) 1 23-GBC-b Magi mailu Sandbank… Orangerie bays Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-GBC-ba domara Baxter bay Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-GBC-bb darava Darava Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-GBC-bc asiaoro Asiaulo… Oraoro Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-GBC-bd mailu magi-C. Kulele coast… Mailu+ Laluoro+ Loupom islands Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-GBC-be derebai Derebai… Selai Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-GBC-bf borebo Borebo coast… Eunoro island Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-GBC-bg geagea Onioni… Geagea Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-GBC-bh ilai Ilai Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-GBC-bi baibara Oibada… Gogo Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-H ONJOB set dagan-NW.; part of dagan grouping Latin script 23-HA ONJOB chain 23-HAA ONJOB net 23-HAA-a Onjob Victory-S. mountain Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-HAA-aa onjob onjab Naukwata… Koreaf Papua New Guinea (Central) 3 23-I DAGA+ MAIWA set dagan-C.; part of dagan grouping Latin script 23-IA DAGA+ MAPENA chain 23-IAA DAGA net 23-IAA-a Daga nawp, 'dim' #dim=«cretin» Owen Stanley Range valleys Papua New Guinea (Central; Milne 3 Bay) 23-IAA-aa bonua Bonua, Bona upper valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-IAA-ab tavanei Tavanei valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-IAA-ac ulumanu Ulumanu valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 23-IAA-ad ruaba-S. Ruaba headwaters Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 23-IAB MAPENA net 23-IAB-a Mapena Gwoira mountain Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2 23-IAB-aa mapena Ruaba Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2 23-IAC TURAKA* net 23-IAC-a Turaka Ruaba>S. Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2 23-IAC-aa turaka Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 153

23-IB MAIWA chain 23-IBA MAIWA net 23-IBA-a Maiwa pue, kwateva Papua New Guinea (Oro); (Milne 3 Bay) 23-IBA-aa biniguni Rakua headwaters: Biniguni Papua New Guinea (Oro); (Milne 2 Bay) 23-IBA-ab wapon maneao Maneao Range-N. mountains: Wapon… Maneau Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2 23-IBA-ac maiwa-S. Kwagilu+ Yome headwaters Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2 23-IBA-ad pumani Pumani Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2 23-IBA-ae baiawa moibiri Moi-Biri bay: Baiawa… Yome valley Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2 23-IC JIMAJIMA chain 23-ICA JIMAJIMA net 23-ICA-a Jimajima dima Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2 23-ICA-aa buburida "west-coastal" jimajima Buburida coast Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2 23-ICA-ab ruaba "east-inland" jimajima Ruaba valley Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2 23-J UMANAKAINA set dagan-E.; part of dagan grouping Latin script 23-JA UMANAKAINA chain 23-JAA UMANAKAINA net 23-JAA-a Umanakaina gwedena, gweda, gwede, gvede, umanikaina Goodenough bay Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3 23-JAA-aa umanakaina-N. 'umanakaina-E.' Radarada… Augwana Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3 23-JAA-ab ugu umanakaina-S. Ugu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3 23-K GINUMAN+ KANASI dagan-SE.; part of dagan grouping Latin script set 23-KA GINUMAN chain 23-KAA GINUMAN net 23-KAA-a Ginuman Nakara, Naraka coast… Simpson mountain Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-KAA-aa ginuman dime Papua New Guinea (Central) 2 23-KB KANASI chain 23-KBA KANASI net 23-KBA-a Kanasi dima, sona Thompson mountain Papua New Guinea (Central); 3 (Milne Bay) 23-KBA-aa kanasi-NW. Kutu valley: Dombasaina Papua New Guinea (Central); (Milne Bay) 23-KBA-ab kanasi-NE. Mase valley: Subinesa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 23-KBA-ac kanasi-SE. Laimado valley: Saroro-H Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 23-KBA-ad kanasi-SW. Origuna valley: Kuru Papua New Guinea (Central) page 154 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

24= TRANSIRIANIC covers the "Transirianic" or "West-Central Trans-New Guinea" Indonesia; Papua New Guinea 5 grouping (part of the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis); phylozone comprising 22 sets of languages (= 251 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia, spread across New Guinea from Bomberai Peninsula to Umboi Island: 24-A MOR 24-B BAHAM+ KARAS 24-C TANAMERAH+ MER 24-D WOLA+ UHUNDU 24-E DEM 24-F ILAGA+ KWERBA 24-G BUYAKA+ DEMTA 24-H KAYGIR+ ATOHWAIM 24-I OKABA+ YAQAY 24-J GOGODALA+ SUKI 24-K KAWENAK+ DUNA 24-L AUGU+ ENGA 24-M KALAM+ PINAI 24-N MEDLPA+ KUMAN 24-O ASARO+ FORE 24-P USARUFA+ TAIRORA 24-Q KENATI 24-R SIMBARI+ ANGATIHA 24-S NAHU+ URII 24-T TIMBE+ TOBO 24-U KATE+ MONGI 24-V KOVAI

24-A MOR set 24-AA MOR chain 24-AAA MOR net 24-AAA-a Mor Bomberai-N. peninsula: Bintuni bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 24-AAA-aa mor Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 24-B BAHAM+ KARAS set BOMBERAI-WEST Latin script 24-BA KARAS chain 24-BAA KARAS net 24-BAA-a Karas Bomberai-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-BAA-aa karas Karas island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-BB BAHAM+ IHA chain 24-BBA BAHAM+ IHA net 24-BBA-a Iha+ Kapaur Bomberai-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-BBA-aa iha Fakfak>N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-BBA-ab kapaur Fakfak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-BBA-b Baham Bomberai-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-BBA-ba baham Fakfak>SE. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-C TANAMERAH+ MER Latin script set 24-CA TANAMERAH chain 24-CAA TANAMERAH net 24-CAA-a Tanamerah Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-CAA-aa tanamerah sumeri, sumerine Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-CB MER+ MAIRASI chain 24-CBA MER+ MAIRASI net 24-CBA-a Mairasi-C. Bomberai peninsula: Aturasa valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-CBA-aa mairasi-aturasa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-CBA-ab faranjao faranyao Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-CBA-ac kaniran Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-CBA-b Mairasi-E.* mairasi-NE. Bomberai peninsula: Urama valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-CBA-ba mairasi-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-CBA-c Mer Bomberai peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-CBA-ca mer muri, miere Wosimi+ Uremo headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-CBA-d Semimi Bomberai peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2* 24-CBA-da semimi Triton… Etna bays Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-D WOLA+ UHUNDU set "wissel lakes"+ kemandoga Latin script 24-DA WOLA+ EKARI chain 24-DAA WOLA+ EKARI net 24-DAA-a Ekari+ Simori ekagi Enarotali Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-DAA-aa ekari ekagi, kapauku Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-DAA-aaa ekari-A. (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-aab mee-mana (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-aac tapiro (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-aad paniai (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-aae tigi (Irian Jaya) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 155

24-DAA-ab simori Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-ac yabi jabi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-ad mapiya+ kegata Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-ada mapiya mapia (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-adb kegata (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-b Wola+ Mo Kemandoga… Mbiyandogo valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-DAA-ba wola-ni wola, woda-ni, woda, woda-mo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-DAA-bb mo-ni Enarotali-E.: Dugindoga… Hegenagi… Kemandoga valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-DAA-bba mo-ni-A. mo (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-bbb miga-ni miga (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-bbc jonggu-nu jonggu, djonggu-nu (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-bc awembak awembiak, moni-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-DAA-c Auye Seriwo valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-DAA-ca auye auwje Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-DB UHUNDU+ AMUNG DAMAL chain 24-DBA UHUNDU+ AMUNG net 24-DBA-a Uhundu+ Amung damalCarstens mountains Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-DBA-aa uhundu-ni uhundu, damal "proper", in [52=] Nederlands: oehoendoe-ni Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-DBA-ab amung-me amung, amung-kal, amuy, hamung Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-DBA-ac enggipilu in [52=] Nederlands: enggipiloe Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-E DEM set Latin script 24-EA DEM chain 24-EAA DEM net 24-EAA-a Dem Rouffaer upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-EAA-aa dem lem, ndem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-F ILAGA+ KWERBA set Latin script 24-FA ILAGA+ NDUGA GREAT-DANI, dani+ kwerba-S. chain 24-FAA WANO net 24-FAA-a Wano Rouffaer upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-FAA-aa wano 24-FAB ILAGA+ WAMENA DANI net 24-FAB-a Ilaga+ Yamo dani-W., dani-barat, ilaga-dani, lani, laany, oeringoep, timorini Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 5 Kemandoga-W.… Baliem… Grand Valley-E. valleys 24-FAB-aa 'pyramid'-dani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-FAB-ab bokondini-dani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-FAB-ac 'swart-valley'-dani Swart valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-FAB-ad balim-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-FAB-ae yamo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-FAB-af sinak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-FAB-ag ilaga Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-FAB-b Tulem "mid-grand-valley" dani, dani-tulem Baliem… Grand Valley central Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 valleys 24-FAB-ba tulem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-FAB-c Wamena "lower-grand-valley" dani, dani-wamena Bele… Grand Valley lower Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 valley 24-FAB-ca dani-wodo wodo 2 Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAB-cb kimbin Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAB-cc 'upper'-bele Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAB-cd 'lower'-bele Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAB-ce aikhe "lower" aikhe Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAB-cf 'upper-pyramid' Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAB-cg hitigima dani-kurima, "lower-grand-valley" hitigima Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAB-d Hupla "beliem-gorge" Beliem-E. gorge Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-FAB-da hupla-A. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAB-db soba Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAC NGGEM+ WALAK net 24-FAC-a Nggem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3* 24-FAC-aa nggem Haflifoeri-C. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) page 156 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

24-FAC-b Walak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAC-ba walak "lower" pyramid, wodo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3* 24-FAC-baa ilugwa Ilugwa (Irian Jaya) 24-FAC-bab wodo Wodo (Irian Jaya) 24-FAC-bac bugi Bugi (Irian Jaya) 24-FAC-bad mogon Mogonikik (Irian Jaya) 24-FAC-bae wurigelebut Wurigelebut (Irian Jaya) 24-FAD NDUGA+ NINIA net 24-FAD-a Nduga ndugwa, ndauwa, dauwa, dawa Trikora-SW. massif Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-FAD-aa pesechem-nduga pesechem, pesecham, pesegem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAD-ab sinak-nduga sinak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAD-ac hitadipa-nduga hitadipa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAD-b Silimo ngalik-S. Amo… Kiniage valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-FAD-ba silimo-A. paiyage Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAD-bb samenage "lower" samenage Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FAD-c Ninia Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-FAD-ca ninia yali, yaly, yali-ninia, ngalik-N., holowon Ninia-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-FAD-d Angguruk Nalca>NW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-FAD-da angguruk yali 2, yaly 2, yali-angguruk, yali-mo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-FB KWERBA+ SASAWA chain 24-FBA KWERBA+ SASAWA net 24-FBA-a Airoran Apawar lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-FBA-aa airoran aeroran, adora, iriemkena Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-FBA-b Bagusa Rombebai-S. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-FBA-ba bagusa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-FBA-c Nopuk Kwerba… Kasonaweja Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-FBA-ca nopuk nobuk Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-FBA-d Kauwerawec Kasonaweja>N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-FBA-da kauwerawec kauwerawetj Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-FBA-e Sasawa Apawar middle valley: Sasawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-FBA-ea sasawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-FBA-f Kwerba+ Naibedj Tor+ Apawar upper valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-FBA-fa kwerba-A. kwerba "proper" Kwerba Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FBA-fb kaowerawedj kwerba-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FBA-fc airmati kwerba-NE. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-FBA-fd koassa kwerba-NW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FBA-fe kamboi-ramboi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FBA-ff nogukwabai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FBA-fg naibedj Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FBA-fh tekutameso Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FBA-fi serikenam Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FC SAMAROKENA+ MASEB chain 24-FCA SAMAROKENA+ MASEB net 24-FCA-a Samarokena+ Maseb Apawar-E. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-FCA-aa samarokena samarkena Samarkena Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FCA-ab karfasia Karfasia Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FCA-ac tamaya tamaja Tamaya Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FCA-ad maseb Maseb Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FD ISIRAWA chain 24-FDA ISIRAWA net 24-FDA-a Isirawa saweri, saberi, okwasar Sarmi-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-FDA-aa isirawa-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-FDA-ab isirawa-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-G BUYAKA+ DEMTA Latin script set 24-GA DEMTA+ MURIS chain 24-GAA DEMTA+ MURIS net 24-GAA-a Demta+ Muris Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-GAA-aa demta Demta Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-GAA-ab muris Muris villages Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 157

24-GB TABLA chain 24-GBA TABLA net 24-GBA-a Tabla tanahmerah-E. Tanahmerah bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-GBA-aa yokari yakari, tabla-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-GBA-ab tepera tabi, tabla-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-GBA-ac tawona tabla-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-GBA-ad yewena+ yongsu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-GC BUYAKA chain 24-GCA BUYAKA net 24-GCA-a Buyaka sentani Sentani lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-GCA-aa buyaka-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-GCA-ab buyaka-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-GCA-ac buyaka-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-GD NAFRI chain 24-GDA NAFRI net 24-GDA-a Nafri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-GDA-aa nafri Nafri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-H KAYGIR+ "WIDER"-KAYAGAR Latin script ATOHWAIM set 24-HA KAYGIR+ ATOHWAIM chain 24-HAA ATOHWAIM net 24-HAA-a Atohwaim kaugat Cook… Kronkel valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-HAA-aa atohwaim-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-HAA-ab atohwaim-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-HAB KAYGIR+ TAMAGARIO net 24-HAB-a Kaygir Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-HAB-aa kaygir kayagar "proper", kajagar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-HAB-b Tamagario buru, tamaraw, wagow Gondu… Bapai valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-HAB-ba tamaraw tamario Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-HAB-bb buru Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-HAB-bc wagow Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-HAB-bd yogo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-I OKABA+ YAQAY set Latin script 24-IA YAQAY+ WARKAY chain 24-IAA WARKAY net 24-IAA-a Warkay-Bipim Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-IAA-aa warkay-bipim bipim-as-so, bipim Eilanden lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-IAB YAQAY+ SOHUR net "wider" yaqay 24-IAB-a Yaqay+ Sohur Miwamön valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-IAB-aa yaqay yaqai, jakai, jaqai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-IAB-ab oba+ miwamön Oba… Miwamön valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-IAB-ac nambeomön+ mabur Nambeomön… Mabur valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-IAB-ad bapai yaqay-SW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-IAB-ae 'lower'-mapi yaqay-SE. Mapi lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-IAB-af sohur Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-IB OKABA+ BOAZI "WIDER"-MARIND, bian, mbian chain 24-IBA OKABA+ MARIND net 24-IBA-a Okaba+ Merauke "lower" bian, "lower" marind, marind-S., gawir, tugeri, in [52=] Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 Nederlands: halifoersch Bian lower valley 24-IBA-aa bian-S. "lower" bian Bian lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-IBA-ab atih Bian river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-IBA-ac okaba "west-coast" marind Okaba Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-IBA-ad merauke merauka, "east-coast" marind Merauke town… Merauke lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-IBA-ae kumbe Kumbe valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-IBA-b Marind-N. Bian upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3* 24-IBA-ba marind-N. "upper" marind, "upper" bian; in [52=] Nederlands: boven-mbian Indonesia (Irian Jaya) page 158 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

24-IC BOAZI+ ZIMAKANI chain 24-ICA BOAZI+ ZIMAKANI net 24-ICA-a Boazi+ Kuni boadji, bwadji, mbagu Murray lake Papua New Guinea (Western); 3 extinct in Indonesia (Irian Jaya) formerly 24-ICA-aa boazi-N. Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-ICA-ab boazi-S. Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-ICA-ac kuni Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-ICA-b Zimakani+ Bagwa Murray-S. lake Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 24-ICA-ba zimakani zimakani "proper" Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 24-ICA-bb bagwa begua, baegwa, bagwa-zimakani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-ICA-bc dea Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-J GOGODALA+ SUKI set 24-JA SUKI chain 24-JAA SUKI net 24-JAA-a Suki Fly valley: Paewa upstream… Suki valley+ lake Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 24-JAA-aa suki wiram Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 24-JB GOGODALA+ WARUNA chain 24-JBA WARUNA net 24-JBA-a Waruna Fly left-bank: Paewa… Aramia valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-JBA-aa waruna Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-JBB ARI net 24-JBB-a Ari Aramia+ Soari confluence Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-JBB-aa ari Ari… Serea Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-JBB-aaa ari-A. Ari (Western) 24-JBB-aab serea Serea (Western) 24-JBC GOGODALA+ ADIBA net 24-JBC-a Gogodala+ Adiba Papua New Guinea (Western) 4 24-JBC-aa gogodala gogodara Fly left-bank: Wariama… Aramia valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 4 24-JBC-ab adiba Adiba Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-K KAWENAK+ DUNA "new-guinea"-C.& S. Latin script set 24-KA KAWENAK+ BURUWAI chain 24-KAA BURUWAI+ IRIA net 24-KAA-a Buruwai asianara, asienara, karufa, madidwana, sabakor Bomberai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 peninsula: Kamrau-SW. bay 24-KAA-aa buruwai-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAA-ab buruwai-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAA-b Iria kamrau, kamberau Bomberai peninsula: Kamrau bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-KAA-ba iria-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAA-bb iria-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAA-bc iria-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB KAWENAK+ asmat+ kamoro; including asmat (-c to –h) KAMORO* net 24-KAB-a Kamoro+ Yamur lakahia, nagramadu Etna bay… Mukamuga valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KAB-aa oba Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-ab umari kamoro-W. Umari Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-ac tarya Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-ad kamoro-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-ada kaokonau kokenau Kokenau (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-adb mimika mimike Mimika (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-ae kamura kamora Kamura upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-af yamur Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-ag wania Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-ah wania-N. Wania upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-ai mukamuga mukumuga Mukamuga valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-aj nefarpi neferipi, nafarpi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-b Sempan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KAB-ba sempan-A. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-bb nararapi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 159

24-KAB-c Tiemaro* asmat-N., keenok Tiemaro, Torpedoboot valley… Unir valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 …Paterie Cocq headwaters 24-KAB-ca 'upper'-tiemaro Tiemaro upper valley… Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-cb 'lower'-tiemaro Tiemaro lower … Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-d Kawenak+ Sokoni asmat-C., manowee, jas, yas Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-KAB-da kawenak "coastal" asmat-C. Agats #similarity of name between Kawenak and Indonesia (Irian Jaya) Kaweinag (Matia+ Sapan below) to be investigated 24-KAB-daa kainak (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-dab bismam mismam (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-dac simay simai (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-dad betchamup mecemup (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-db keenok "northwest interior" asmat-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-dba erma (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-dbb manep (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-dc keenakap "mid-interior" asmat-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-dd sokoni "southeast interior" asmat-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-de sirow Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-df ayam ajam Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-dg angadi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-dh kajakaja Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-e Tamnim+ Wowi tamnim-asmat Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3* 24-KAB-ea tamnim Tamnim Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-eb epem Epem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-ec zinak Zinak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-ed wowi Wowi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-f Senngo+ Vakam citak-asmat, cicak, tjitak, tjitjak, kaunak Wildman… Sirac lower Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 valleys 24-KAB-fa senggo Senggo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-fb komasma Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-fc jinak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-fd bubis Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-fe esaun Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-ff pirabanak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-fg vakam Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KAB-g Matia+ Sapan "casuarina-coast" asmat, kaweinag Casuarina coast: Ewta… Kuti Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 rivers # similarity of name between Kaweinag and Kawenak (Kawenak+ Sokoni above) to be investigated 24-KAB-ga matia batia Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KAB-gb sapan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KAB-h Yaosakor yaosakor+ asmat south coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KAB-ha yaosakor Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KB SOMAHAI chain 24-KBA SOMAHAI net 24-KBA-a Somahai Silimo>S.… Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KBA-aa momuna somahai, somage, sumohai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KC MOMBUM+ KONERAW chain 24-KCA MOMBUM net 24-KCA-a Mombum Komoron island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-KCA-aa mombum kemelom Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-KCB KONERAW net 24-KCB-a Koneraw Kolopom-S., Frederik-Hendrik-S. island coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-KCB-aa koneraw Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-KD AWYU+ SAWI chain 24-KDA SAWI net 24-KDA-a Sawi Ayip… Fayit… Kronkel valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDA-aa sawi sawuy, aejauroh Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDA-aaa sawi-N. Ayip… Fayit valleys (Irian Jaya) 24-KDA-aab sawi-S. Kronkel valley (Irian Jaya) 24-KDB AWYU+ AIRO* net 24-KDB-a Airo+ Sumagaxe airo+ sumaghaghe Kampung, Kampong upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-aa airo+ sumagaxe-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KDB-ab airo+ sumagaxe-C. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KDB-ac airo+ sumagaxe-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) page 160 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

24-KDB-b Pisa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-ba kampung Kampung middle, Kampong middle valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-bb 'wildeman' Wildeman middle valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-c Korowai+ Kaeme* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-ca korowai Senggo-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-cb kaeme Kaeme upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-KDB-d Siagha+ Yenimu oser, "lower" digul, in [52=] Nederlands: onder-digoel Digul lower Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 valley 24-KDB-da yenimu jenimu Bade-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-db siagha syiagha, sjiagha, sijagha Bade-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-e Mapi* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-ea mapi Mapi upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-f Ederah* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-KDB-fa ederah Ederah+ Digul confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 24-KDB-g Kia-W.* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-ga kia-W. Kiagha+ Uwimmerah confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-h Awyu aghu, auyu, awya, awju, ajau Digul middle valley: Gatentiri upstream Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-ha dyair djair Digul middle left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KDB-hb yair Digul middle right-bank: Kombai>S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KDB-hc nohon Digul middle right-bank: Tanamerah>W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KDB-hd miaro Digul middle right-bank: Tanamerah>W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KDB-he avio Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KDB-i Digul* Digul upper river-basin Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-ia digul "upper" digul, in [52=] Nederlands: boven-digoel Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDB-j Kotogüt+ Digul upper river Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 Tsokwambo* 24-KDB-ja kotogüt-A. kotogut "proper" Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KDB-jb tsokwambo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KDC WANGGOM+ KAETI net 24-KDC-a Wanggom Digul upper left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDC-aa wanggom dumut, wanggo, wangom Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDC-b Kaeti+ Wambon including nub Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 24-KDC-ba wambon-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDC-bb wambon-S. Mindiptanah-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDC-bc rungwayap kaeti-N. Tanahmerah-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDC-bd kambon kaeti-C. Digul middle valley… Uwimmerah+ Muyu confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KDC-be kaeti-S. uwimmerah+ digul Digul middle confluence downstream… Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 Uwimmerah confluence upstream 24-KDC-bf mandobo mandobbo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KDC-bg kaeti-SE. kwem Fly left-bank: Kwem+ Maporoan Papua New Guinea 4 24-KE NGALUM+ OK YONGGOM chain 24-KEA YONGGOM+ LOWLAND-OK, muyu NINGGERUM net 24-KEA-a Metomka+ Kowan kati-S., kati-metomka, muyu-S., muju-S., Muyu lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KEA-aa metomka Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KEA-ab kowan Kao valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KEA-b Yonggom Fly lower valley Papua New Guinea (Western); 4 Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KEA-ba yonggom yongom, yongkom (Irian Jaya); (Western) 24-KEA-c Niinati+ Tumutu kati-N., kati-ninati, kati-ninanti, muyu-N., muju-N. Muyu upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya); & adjacent 3 Papua New Guinea 24-KEA-ca niinati ninatie Ninati Indonesia (Irian Jaya)… 24-KEA-cb kanggewot Indonesia (Irian Jaya)… 24-KEA-cc tumutu are, in [52=] Nederlands: toemoetoe Indonesia (Irian Jaya)… 24-KEA-cd sibil Indonesia (Irian Jaya)… 24-KEA-d Iwur Iwur valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 24-KEA-da iwur in [52=] Nederlands: iwoer Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 24-KEA-e Ninggerum+ Tedi ninggrum, ninggirum, ningerum, muyu, in [52=] Nederlands: moejoe, Papua New Guinea (Western); 3 moeyoe Ok-Girim… Ok-Tedi valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) adjacent 24-KEA-ea ninggerum ninggerum "proper" Papua New Guinea (Western)… 24-KEA-eb kasuwa kasiwa Papua New Guinea (Western)… 24-KEA-ec daupka Papua New Guinea (Western)… 24-KEA-ed kativa Papua New Guinea (Western)… 24-KEA-ee obgwo Papua New Guinea (Western)… 24-KEA-ef tedi tidi Papua New Guinea (Western)… 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 161

24-KEB NGALUM+ SELTA HIGHLAND-OK net 24-KEB-a Kauwol Kauwol upper valley: Daijurbit+ Benkwin Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New 2 Guinea 24-KEB-aa kauwol kawol, kavwol Kauwol upper valley: Daijurbit+ Benkwin Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New 2 Guinea (Western); (Sandaun) adjacent 24-KEB-b Tifal+ Atbal Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 24-KEB-ba tifal-min tifal "proper" Tifalmin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 24-KEB-bb busil-min busil Busilmin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 24-KEB-bc wopkei-min Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 24-KEB-bd atbal-min atbal, "lower" atbalmin, asbal-min Atbalmin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 24-KEB-c Urap Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 24-KEB-ca urap-min urap Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 24-KEB-d Faiwol+ Unkia Fly+ Palmer headwaters: Olsobip Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 24-KEB-da faiwol-min faiwol, fegol-min Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-KEB-db unkia Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-KEB-e Bi+ Kwei Victor Emanuel mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun; 3 Western) 24-KEB-ea bi-min bi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 24-KEB-eb kwei-min kwei Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-KEB-f Selta Seltamin Papua New Guinea (Western; 3 Sandaun) 24-KEB-fa selta-min seta, seta-man Seltamin Papua New Guinea (Western; 3 Sandaun) 24-KEB-g Telefol+ Fera Thurnwald-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (Western; 3 Sandaun) 24-KEB-ga fera-min Feramin Papua New Guinea (Western; Sandaun) 24-KEB-gb telefol-min telefol, telefo-min, teleefool Telefol-min Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 24-KEB-h Mian+ Usage mian-min-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun; 3 East Sepik) 24-KEB-ha mian-min mian Upper May valley Papua New Guinea 24-KEB-hb august-min august August upper valley: Mianmin downstream Papua New Guinea 24-KEB-hc usage Papua New Guinea 24-KEB-i Suganga Wagarabai valley: Suganga Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 24-KEB-ia suganga mian-min-N., wagarabai Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 24-KEB-j Ngalum+ Apmi Ok Sibil… Ok Tsop valleys… Indonesia (Irian Jaya); & adjacent 4 Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 24-KEB-ja apmi-sibil ngalum-N. Ok Sibil valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) and/or Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 24-KEB-jb ngalum-C. ngalum "proper" Ok Tsop valley… Indonesia (Irian Jaya) and/or Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 24-KEB-jc ngalum-S. sibil 2 Ok Sibil valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) and/or Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 24-KF AWIN+ KAMULA chain 24-KFA AWIN+ PA net 24-KFA-a Awin aiwin, akium, aekyom Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 24-KFA-aa awin-N. Wai-Rim… Wai Pinyang valleys Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-KFA-ab awin-S. Fly upper valley: Kiunga upstream Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-KFA-ac awin-E. Wai Keto… Surprise valleys Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-KFA-b Pare Kaim river-basin Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 24-KFA-ba pare pa, akium-pare Kaim river-basin Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 24-KFB KAMULA net 24-KFB-a Kamula Wawoi upper valley: Keseki>S. Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-KFB-aa kamula kamura, wawoi Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-KG KALAMO+ AGALA STRICKLAND-EAST chain 24-KGA KALAMO net samo+ kubo, daba, supai, supei-kubor, nomad Nomad Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-KGA-a Kalamo Rentoul middle left-bank… Tomu middle valley… displaced to Wawoi Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 falls 24-KGA-aa bibo Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-KGA-ab honibo Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-KGA-ac samo Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-KGA-ad kubo kubor Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 24-KGA-ae oiba Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 page 162 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

24-KGB KONAI net Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-KGB-a Konai Murray valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-KGB-aa konai mirap-min Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-KGC AGALA net Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-KGC-a Agala Liddle valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-KGC-aa agala sinale Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-KH DUNA+ POGAYA chain 24-KHA POGAYA+ DUNA net 24-KHA-a Pogaya Muller mountains Papua New Guinea (Western; 2 Southern Highlands) 24-KHA-aa pogaya bogaya, bogaia Muller mountains Papua New Guinea (Western; 2 Southern Highlands) 24-KHA-b Duna Tumbudu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands; & adjacent Western; East Sepik) 24-KHA-ba duna yuna Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands; Western; East Sepik) 24-KI BEAMI+ ETORO* BOSAVI chain 24-KIA BEAMI+ KOMOFIO net 24-KIA-a Beami+ Komofio bedamini, bedamuni, mougulu Nomad-E. Papua New Guinea (Western) 3 24-KIA-aa beami-N. Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-KIA-ab komofio Papua New Guinea (Western) 24-KIB ETORO net 24-KIB-a Etoro Sisa-SW. mountain Papua New Guinea (Western; 2 Southern Highlands) 24-KIB-aa etoro edolo, edolo-ado Papua New Guinea (Western; 2 Southern Highlands) 24-KIC BAINAPI net 24-KIC-a Bainapi Balimo Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-KIC-aa bainapi pikiwa, dibiasu, turumasa Makapa… Pikiwa… Bamustu Papua New Guinea (Western) 2 24-KID ONABASULU net 24-KID-a Onabasulu Bosavi>N. Papua New Guinea (Southern 2 Highlands) 24-KID-aa onabasulu onobasulu Papua New Guinea (Southern 2 Highlands) 24-KIE SONIA net 24-KIE-a Sonia Bosavi-W. Papua New Guinea (Southern 2 Highlands; Western) 24-KIE-aa sonia Papua New Guinea (Southern 2 Highlands; Western) 24-KIF TOMU net 24-KIF-a Tomu Tomu valley Papua New Guinea (Western; 2 Southern Highlands) 24-KIF-aa tomu Papua New Guinea (Western; 2 Southern Highlands) 24-KIG KWARE+ AIMELE net 24-KIG-a Kware+ Aimele Papua New Guinea (Southern 2 Highlands; Western) 24-KIG-aa kware Bosavi-SW. mountain: Simo… Campbell lake; displaced to Wawoi Papua New Guinea (Southern 2 Falls Highlands; Western) 24-KIG-ab aimele Papua New Guinea (Southern 2 Highlands; Western) 24-KIH KALULI net 24-KIH-a Kaluli Bosavi-NW. mountain Papua New Guinea (Southern 3 Highlands) 24-KIH-aa kaluli bosavi Papua New Guinea (Southern 3 Highlands) 24-KII KASUA net 24-KII-a Kasua Bosavi-E. mountain Papua New Guinea (Southern 3 Highlands) 24-KII-aa kasua Papua New Guinea (Southern 3 Highlands) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 163

24-KJ FASU+ SOME chain "kutubuan-W." 24-KJA FASU+ SOME net 24-KJA-a Fasu+ Some Bosuvi-SE. mountain Papua New Guinea (Southern 3 Highlands) 24-KJA-aa namome namumi, namuni Bosuvi-SE. mountain Papua New Guinea (Southern 2 Highlands) 24-KJA-ab fasu fasu "proper" Hegigo+ Digimu upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Southern 2 Highlands) 24-KJA-ac some Hegigo lower valley: Tama Papua New Guinea (Southern 2 Highlands; Gulf) 24-KJA-ad kaibu kaipu Papua New Guinea 24-L AUGU+ ENGA set wiru+ part of "new guinea highlands"-E. grouping Latin script 24-LA WIRU chain 24-LAA WIRU net 24-LAA-a Wiru Poru valley: Panga Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands) 24-LAA-aa wiru witu Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands) 24-LB AUGU+ KEWA chain 24-LBA SAMBERIGI net 24-LBA-a Samberigi 3 24-LBA-aa samberigi sau 2, sanaberigi Sau Papua New Guinea (Southern 3 Highlands) 24-LBB KEWA net 24-LBB-a Kewa-S. Papua New Guinea (Southern 3 Highlands) 24-LBB-aa kewa-SE. Erave>E. Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 24-LBB-ab pole kewa-SW. Erave… Tiribi Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 24-LBB-b Kewa-E. Ialibu… Kagua Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands) 24-LBB-ba kewa-E. Ialibu… Kagua Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands) 24-LBB-c Kewa-W. Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands) 24-LBB-ca pasuma kewa-CW. Kandoba Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 24-LBB-cb kewa-NW. Mendi valley: Mendi downstream Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 24-LBC AUGU+ MENDI net ANGAL, "wider" mendi 24-LBC-a Nembi-S.+ Megi angal-S., angal-enen-S., angal-heneng-S., mendi-S. Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands) 24-LBC-aa nembi-S. Nembi plateau+ valley distinct from [24=] Nembi-W. Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 24-LBC-ab megi Megi Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 24-LBC-b Augu+ Waola angal-W., angal-enen-W., angal-heneng-W., mendi-W. Wage… Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Nembi… Lai valleys Highlands) 24-LBC-ba augu Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 24-LBC-bb nipa Nipa Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 24-LBC-bc waola wala Kuianda… Tumbi Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 24-LBC-c Mendi Mendi… Lai valleys: Mendi upstream Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands) 24-LBC-ca mendi mendi "proper", mendi-N., angal-enen-N., angal-heneng-N., 'angal-E.' Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands) 24-LC HULI chain 24-LCA HULI net 24-LCA-a Huli Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands) 24-LCA-aa huli huli-hulidana, huri Doma mountains Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands; Enga adjacent) 24-LCA-aaa tari Gigio+ Tagari+ Benari river-basin: Tari Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) 24-LCA-aab magarima Waga river-basin: Magarima Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands) page 164 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

24-LD ENGA+ LEMBENA chain 24-LDA ENGA+ IPILI net 24-LDA-a Katinja Rumbiplaya Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3* 24-LDA-aa katinja Papua New Guinea (Enga) 24-LDA-b Enga caga, tsaga, tchaga, mae Papua New Guinea (Enga; 5 Western Highlands adjacent) 24-LDA-ba kandepe enga-SW. Kandep Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4 24-LDA-bb laiagam enga-W. Laiagam Papua New Guinea (Enga) 24-LDA-bc tayato enga-NW. Lagaip middle valley: Tumundan Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4 24-LDA-bd maramuni enga-N., malamuni Maramuni Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3 24-LDA-be yandapo enga-CW. Keplam Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4 24-LDA-bf mae enga-CN., mai, wabag Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4 24-LDA-bg kaina enga-C., wabag 2 Wabag Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4 24-LDA-bh layapo enga-SE. Lai valley: Wabag downstream Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4 24-LDA-bi sau-enga enga-NE. Sali valley: Lapalama upstream Papua New Guinea (Enga) 4 24-LDA-bia sau (Enga) 24-LDA-bib lapalama 2 dialects (Enga) 24-LDA-bic sari (Enga) 24-LDA-bj kapona enga-CE., kopona Pawari Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3 24-LDA-bk kyaka enga-E., enga-kyaka Papua New Guinea (Enga; Western Highlands) 24-LDA-bka kyaka-W. Lumuso (Enga) 24-LDA-bkb baiyer kyaka-E. Baiyer-River town+ valley (Western Highlands) 24-LDA-c Ipili Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3 24-LDA-ca tipinini ipili-E. Porgera Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3 24-LDA-cb ipili-W. ipili "proper", ipili-paiela, ipili-payala Paiela Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3 24-LDA-d Nete Yondolya-N. Papua New Guinea (Enga; East 2 Sepik) 24-LDA-da nete "pseudo" iniai Papua New Guinea (Enga; East 2 Sepik adjacent) 24-LDA-e Bisorio+ Iniai Karawari… Wagupmeri… Korosameri headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 24-LDA-ea pikaru-E. bikaru-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 24-LDA-eb bisorio Bisorio Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 24-LDA-ec gadio Gadio Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 24-LDA-ed iniai inyai Iniai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 24-LDB LEMBENA+ YARIBA net 24-LDB-a Lembena+ Yariba Manuak… Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3 24-LDB-aa lembena Papua New Guinea (Enga) 24-LDB-ab yariba Papua New Guinea (Enga) 24-LDB-ac maibi Papua New Guinea (Enga) 24-M KALAM+ PINAI set Latin script 24-MA KALAM+ TAI chain 24-MAA KALAM+ KOBON net 24-MAA-a Kobon Kairink valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-MAA-aa kobon Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-MAA-b Kalam Simbai Papua New Guinea (Madang) 4 24-MAA-ba kalam aforo, karam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 4 24-MAB TAI* net 24-MAB-a Tai Dundrom Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-MAB-aa tai tay Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-MB GANTS* chain 24-MBA GANTS net 24-MBA-a Gants Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-MBA-aa gants gaj Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-MC HARUAI* chain piawi-waibuk ; substratum influence < [25=] Ramu 24-MCA HARUAI net 24-MCA-a Haruai harway, waibuk, wiyaw, wiyau, wovan, taman Schrader Range Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 mountains: Sanggapi valley 24-MCA-aa hamil waibuk-N. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 24-MCA-ab mambar waibuk-C. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 24-MCA-ac arama waibuk-S. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 165

24-MD PINAI+ WAPI* chain piawi-aramo ; substratum influence < 25-Ramu 24-MDA PINAI+ WAPI net 24-MDA-a Hagahai Yuat upper valley… Schrader Range mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-MDA-aa hagahai aramo, aramaue Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-MDA-b Pinai Papua New Guinea (Western 3 Highlands; Madang) 24-MDA-ba pinai pinaye Yuat upper valley… Schrader Range mountains: Gai Papua New Guinea (Western 3 confluence upstream Highlands; Madang adjacent) 24-MDA-baa nangenuwetan Papua New Guinea 24-MDA-bab pinai-A. pinai "proper" comprising 2 dialects Papua New Guinea 24-MDA-c Wapi Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3 24-MDA-ca wapi Yuat upper left-bank Papua New Guinea (Enga) 3 24-MDA-d Erem* Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 24-MDA-da erem Yuat valley: Maranui confluence Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 24-N MEDLPA+ KUMAN part of "new guinea highlands"-E. grouping Latin script set 24-NA MEDLPA+ UMBU- hagen UNGU chain 24-NAA MEDLPA+ UMBU- UNGU net 24-NAA-a Medlpa+ Tembagla Mount-Hagen mountain+ town… Jimi valley Papua New Guinea (Western 5 Highlands) 24-NAA-aa medlpa melpa, hagen Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands) 24-NAA-ab tembagla Papua New Guinea 24-NAA-b Umbu-Ungu ubu-ugu, mbo-ung, bo-ung, imbo-ungu, imb-ongu, ibo-ugu, im-bonggo Papua New Guinea (Western 4 Mount-Hagen mountain+ town… Ankura upper valley Highlands; Southern Highlands) 24-NAA-ba kaugel kauil, gawigl, gawil, kakoli Papua New Guinea 4 24-NAA-bb kala mendo-kala Papua New Guinea 3 24-NAA-bc penge no-penge Papua New Guinea 3 24-NAA-bd andelale Papua New Guinea 3 24-NAA-be tembogia tetalo, tembalo Papua New Guinea 3 24-NAA-bf miyemu miyem Papua New Guinea 3 24-NAA-bg mara-gomu Papua New Guinea 24-NAA-bh ialibu-awa awa 2, aua Ialibu Papua New Guinea (Southern 4 Highlands) 24-NB MARING+ NARAK JIMI chain 24-NBA MARING+ KAMBEGI net 24-NBA-a Maring+ Kambegi mareng, yoadabe+ watoare Papua New Guinea (Western 3 Highlands; Madang adjacent) 24-NBA-aa maring-C. Papua New Guinea 24-NBA-ab maring-E. Papua New Guinea 24-NBA-ac timbunki Papua New Guinea 24-NBA-ad tsuwenki Papua New Guinea 24-NBA-ae karamba Papua New Guinea 24-NBA-af kambegl Papua New Guinea 24-NBB NARAK+ KANDAWO net 24-NBB-a Narak+ Kandawo Jimi headwaters Papua New Guinea (Western 3 Highlands) 24-NBB-aa narak Tabibuga Post Papua New Guinea (Western 3 Highlands) 24-NBB-ab kandawo gandja, ganja, kajawo Yawaramon… Monggum Papua New Guinea (Western 3 Highlands) 24-NC KUMAN+ CHUAVE chain 24-NCA KUMAI+ NII net 24-NCA-a Nii Tuman valley Papua New Guinea (Western 3 Highlands) 24-NCA-aa ek-nii ni Papua New Guinea (Western 3 Highlands) 24-NCA-b Nembi-W. distinct from [24=] Nembi-S. Papua New Guinea (Western 4 Highlands) 24-NCA-ba nembi-W. Papua New Guinea (Western 4 Highlands) page 166 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

24-NCA-c Kumai+ Kunjip WAHGI Wahgi middle valley Papua New Guinea (Western 4 Highlands; Simbu adjacent) 24-NCA-ca banz+ nondugl Banz… Nondugl Papua New Guinea 24-NCA-cb pukamigl+ andegabu Papua New Guinea 24-NCA-cc kunjip Papua New Guinea 24-NCA-cd kambia Papua New Guinea 24-NCA-ce kumai "mid"-wahgi, wahgi-C., kup+ minj Minj Papua New Guinea 24-NCA-cf wahgi-N. Kol Papua New Guinea 24-NCB KUMAN+ DOM net CHIMBU 24-NCB-a Kuman Chimbu+ Wahgi middle valleys: Kundiawa Papua New Guinea (Simbu; 4 Western Highlands adjacent) 24-NCB-aa kuman chimbu Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 4 24-NCB-b Era Kubor-E. mountain Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3 24-NCB-ba era Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3 24-NCB-c Nagane Chimbu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3 24-NCB-ca nagane genagane, genogani; inaugl community ¶male idiom of 2 clans Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3 24-NCB-d Dom Chimbu+ Wahigi confluence Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 4 24-NCB-da dom Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 4 24-NCB-e Golin+ Marigl Oima valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 4 24-NCB-ea yuri ¶distinct from [25=] Yuri Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCB-eb kia-E. kiari-NW. Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCB-eba kia-NE. (Simbu) 24-NCB-ebb kia-SE. (Simbu) 24-NCB-ec golin gollum, gumine Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCB-ed keri Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCB-ee marigl Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCB-f Sinasina Sinasina Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 4 24-NCB-fa tabare Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCB-fb guna Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCB-g Salt-Yui Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3 24-NCB-ga salt-yui salt, salt-iui, yui, iui Kilau Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3 24-NCB-h Nondiri Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3* 24-NCB-ha nondiri 24-NCC NOMANE net 24-NCC-a Nomane Nomane Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3 24-NCC-aa nomane-W. Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCC-ab nomane-E. kiari-SE. Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCD CHUAVE+ SUA net 24-NCD-a Chuave+ Sua Chuave… Sua Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 4 24-NCD-aa chuave tjuave Chuave Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCD-ab elimbari Mai left-bank Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCD-ac gomia Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCD-ad kebai Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-NCD-ae sua Sua Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 24-O ASARO+ FORE set part of "new guinea highlands"-E. grouping Latin script 24-OA GENDE chain 24-OAA GENDE net 24-OAA-a Gende Inbrum valley: Bundi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-OAA-aa gende bundi, gene, gendeka Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-OB ASARO+ BENABENA chain 24-OBA ASARO+ ALEKANO net 24-OBA-a Asaro Asaro upper valley Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-OBA-aa dano asaro "proper", "upper" asaro Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-OBA-ab lunube-mado Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-OBA-ac bohena Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-OBA-ad amaizuho Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-OBA-ae kongi Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-OBA-b Alekano Goroka Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-OBA-ba alekano gahuku, gafuku Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-OBA-c Tokano+ Zuhuzuho gamuso, yufiyufa, zaka Asaro valley… Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 167 24-OBA-ca tokano tokama Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-OBA-cb lower-asaro Asaro lower valley Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-OBA-cc zuhuzuho zuhozuho Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-OBB BENABENA net 24-OBB-a Benabena Benabena Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-OBB-aa benabena bena Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-OC SIANE+HAKOA chain 24-OCA SIANE+ HAKOA net 24-OCA-a Siane siani Watabung Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands; Simbu) 24-OCA-aa koreipa Papua New Guinea 24-OCA-ab lambau Papua New Guinea 24-OCA-ac komonggu komogu, komunku Papua New Guinea 24-OCA-ad ono-W. Papua New Guinea 24-OCA-b Hakoa Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3 24-OCA-ba hakoa Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 3 24-OCA-c Yaweyuha Yabiyufa Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-OCA-ca yaweyuha yabiyufa, yawiyuha Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-OD YAGARIA+ KAMANO chain 24-ODA YAGARIA+ KAMANO net 24-ODA-a Yagaria+ Kamano Dunantina valley… Haga Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-ODA-aa yagaria kami Orlowat+ Dunantina-S. confluence Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-ODA-aaa kami-kulaka (Eastern Highlands) 24-ODA-aab move (Eastern Highlands) 24-ODA-aac gotomi (Eastern Highlands) 24-ODA-aad ologuti (Eastern Highlands) 24-ODA-aae dagenava (Eastern Highlands) 24-ODA-aaf kamate (Eastern Highlands) 24-ODA-aag hira (Eastern Highlands) 24-ODA-aah huva (Eastern Highlands) 24-ODA-ab inoke+ yate Yate+ Haga Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-ODA-aba yate (Eastern Highlands) 24-ODA-abb inoke (Eastern Highlands) 24-ODA-ac keyagana keigana, keiagana, ke'yagana Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-ODA-ad kanite Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-ODA-ae kamano kamano+ kafe Henganofi Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-ODA-aea kamano-A. (Eastern Highlands) 24-ODA-aeb kafe (Eastern Highlands) 24-OE ABAGA* chain substratum influence < [24=] Finisterre 24-OEA ABAGA net 24-OEA-a Abaga Kisi Papua New Guinea (Eastern 2 Highlands) 24-OEA-aa abaga Papua New Guinea (Eastern 2 Highlands) 24-OF GIMI chain 24-OFA GIMI net 24-OFA-a Gimi Raro… Misapi>N. Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands; Simbu adjacent) 24-OFA-aa gimi-W. Raro Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands; Simbu adjacent) 24-OFA-ab gimi-E. gouno Misapi>N. Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands; Simbu adjacent) 24-OG FORE+ PAMUSA chain 24-OGA FORE+ PAMUSA net 24-OGA-a Fore+ Pamusa Okapa district Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-OGA-aa pamusa fore-S. Takari… Ketabi Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-OGA-ab fore-N. Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) page 168 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition 24-OGA-aba fore-C. (Eastern Highlands) 24-OGA-abb fore-NE. Okapa+ Okasa (Eastern Highlands) 24-P USARUFA+ part of "new guinea highlands"-E. grouping Latin script TAIRORA set 24-PA USARUFA+ GADSUP chain 24-PAA AWA net 24-PAA-a Awa mobuta Yakai Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-PAA-aa tauna awa-NW. Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PAA-ab ilakia awa-W. Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PAA-ac awa-S. Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PAA-ad awa-NE. Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PAB USARUFA+ AWIYAANA net 24-PAB-a Awiyaana Babara'I>W. Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-PAB-aa awiyaana-A. auyana Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-PAB-ab kosena Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-PAB-b Usarufa Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-PAB-ba usarufa usurufa, uturupa Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-PAC GADSUP+ AGARABI net 24-PAC-a Gadsup+ Ontena gadsup Omaura Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-PAC-aa gadsup Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PAC-ab oyana Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PAC-ac ontena Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PAC-b Agarabi Ramu valley Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-PAC-ba agarabi agarabe Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-PAC-c Kambaira* Kainantu district plurilingual < [24=] Gadsup & [24=] Binumarien Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 classification to be confirmed Highlands) 24-PAC-ca kambaira Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-PB TAIRORA+ WAFFA chain 24-PBA TAIRORA+ BINUMARIEN net 24-PBA-a Binumarien Papua New Guinea (Eastern 2 Highlands) 24-PBA-aa binumarien binumaria, binamarir Papua New Guinea (Eastern 2 Highlands) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 169

24-PBA-b Tairora+ Arua Kainantu district, including Lamari valley Papua New Guinea (Eastern 4 Highlands) 24-PBA-ba arua Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PBA-bb obura Obura Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PBA-bc suwaira Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PBA-bd tairora-N. Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-PBA-be tairora-C. Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PBA-bf tairora-S. Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PBA-bg pinata Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-PBA-bh omwunra-toqura Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-PBB WAFFA net 24-PBB-a Waffa Waffa headwaters Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-PBB-aa waffa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-PC OWENA chain 24-PCA OWENA net 24-PCA-a Owena Lamari middle valley Papua New Guinea (Eastern 2 Highlands) 24-PCA-aa owena owenia, owenda, waijara, waisara Papua New Guinea (Eastern 2 Highlands) 24-Q KENATI set 24-QA KENATI chain 24-QAA KENATI net 24-QAA-a Kenati Wonenara Papua New Guinea (Eastern 2 Highlands) 24-QAA-aa kenati kenathi, ganati, aziana Papua New Guinea (Eastern 2 Highlands) 24-R SIMBARI+ ANGAN Latin script ANGATIHA set 24-RA SIMBARI+ HAMTAI chain 24-RAA SIMBARI+ BARUYA net 24-RAA-a Simbari Puruya… Kupinga… Ipmaiyaiga valleys Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-RAA-aa simbari chimbari Simbari Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands); (Simbu) 24-RAA-b Baruya+ Gulicha Kratka Range-E. mountains: Amdei+ Wonenara Papua New Guinea (Eastern 3 Highlands) 24-RAA-ba wantakia Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-RAA-bb baruya barua Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-RAA-bc gulicha Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-RAA-bd usirampia Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands) 24-RAB AMPEELI+ WOJOKESO net 24-RAB-a Ampeeli ampele, ambari, safeyoka Kratka Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-RAB-aa simiso Umba>SE. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-RAB-ab yayoponjo Umba>S. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-RAB-ac folimaso Umba>N. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-RAB-ad aiewomba Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-RAB-b Wojokeso Kratka Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-RAB-ba wojokeso wajakes Waffa upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-RAC YAGWOIA net Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-RAC-a Yagwoia kokwaiyakwa, yeghuye Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-RAC-aa yagwoia kokwaiyakwa, yeghuye Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-RAD KAWACHA net kawatsa 24-RAD-a Kawacha kawatsa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 1 24-RAD-aa kawacha kawatsa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 1 24-RAE KAMASA net 24-RAE-a Kamasa Kanogogei… Wapiakamaga… Katsiong Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 1 24-RAE-aa kamasa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 1 24-RAF ANKAVE net 24-RAF-a Ankave angave M'Bwei… Swanson valleys Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 24-RAF-aa sawuve Papua New Guinea (Gulf) page 170 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition 24-RAF-ab wiyagwa Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 24-RAF-ac wunavai Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 24-RAF-ad miyatnu Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 24-RAF-ae ankai Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 24-RAF-af bu'u Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 24-RAG TAINAE+ ANGOYA ivori+ lohiki net 24-RAG-a Tainae Ivori valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 24-RAG-aa tainae ivori Pio+ Famba+ Paiguna Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 24-RAG-b Angoya Lohiki valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 24-RAG-ba angoya lohiki, akoinkake, akoye, obi, mai-hea-ri, maihiri Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 24-RAH HAMTAI+ MENYA net 24-RAH-a Hamtai+ Wenta kapau, kamea, watut, 'kukukuku' Tauri middle… Olipai+ Indiwi river- Papua New Guinea (Gulf); 4 basins (Morobe) 24-RAH-aa wenta Papua New Guinea 24-RAH-ab howi Papua New Guinea 24-RAH-ac pmasa'a Papua New Guinea 24-RAH-ad hamtai hamde, hamday Papua New Guinea 24-RAH-ae kaintiba Papua New Guinea 24-RAH-b Menya Tauri upper river-basin Papua New Guinea (Morobe); 4 (Gulf) 24-RAH-ba menya menye, menyama Menyamya Papua New Guinea (Morobe); 4 (Gulf) adjacent 24-RB ANGATIHA chain 24-RBA ANGATIHA net 24-RBA-a Angatiha Upper Watut valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-RBA-aa angaatiha langimar, angaataha, angatiha, angataha, angaatiya Pararoa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 downstream 24-S NAHU+ URII set FINISTERRE Latin script 24-SA NAHU+ NGAING gusap+ mot chain 24-SAA UFIM net 24-SAA-a Ufim Umi… Ufim valleys Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SAA-aa ufim Lankuam Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SAB NAHU+ RAWA net 24-SAB-a Nahu naho, nabu Abilala mountain Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-SAB-aa nahu-SW. Abilala-SW. mountain: Gusap valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 24-SAB-ab nahu-NE. Abilala-NE. mountain: Mot valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 24-SAB-b Rawa raua, erawa, erewa, karo Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-SAB-ba rawa-E. transition < [24=] Nahu Bagonda… Ramba Papua New Guinea (Madang) 24-SAB-bb rawa-S. Tauta Papua New Guinea (Madang) 24-SAB-bc rawa-N. Baubo… Yungendam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 24-SAC NGAING+ NEKGINI net 24-SAC-a Nekgini Mot lower left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SAC-aa nekgini Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SAC-b Neko Beliau-W. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2* 24-SAC-ba neko Papua New Guinea (Madang) 24-SAC-c Ngaing Yori-S. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-SAC-ca ngaing sor, mailang Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-SAD GIRA net 24-SAD-a Gira Saidor-W. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SAD-aa gira Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SB DAHATING+ MORAFA chain 24-SBA DAHATING net 24-SBA-a Dahating Saidor>S. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-SBA-aa gwahatike gwatike Papua New Guinea (Madang) 24-SBA-ab gwahamere Papua New Guinea (Madang) 24-SBA-ac gora Papua New Guinea (Madang) 24-SBA-ad gwapti Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-SBB MORAFA+ FORAK WARUP net 24-SBB-a Bulgebi Saidor>SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 24-SBB-aa bulgebi Bulgebi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 24-SBB-b Guiarak Guiarak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SBB-ba guiarak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SBB-c Morafa Bagen… Subura Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SBB-ca morafa Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SBB-d Forak Seure>W. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SBB-da forak Mamgak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 171 24-SBB-e Degenan Seure Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SBB-ea degenan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SBB-f Yagomi Seure>SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SBB-fa yagomi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SBB-g Asat Saidor>SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 24-SBB-ga asat Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1 24-SC YUPNA+ NANKINA chain 24-SCA NANKINA+ MEBU net 24-SCA-a Mebu Nankina middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SCA-aa mebu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SCA-b Nankina Nankina upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-SCA-ba nankina Tariknan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-SCB YUPNA+ DOMUNG net 24-SCB-a Gabutamon Gabutamon Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SCB-aa gabutamon Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SCB-b Domung Bwana… Tapen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SCB-ba domung Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SCB-c Bonkiman Bonkiman… Yuwong Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SCB-ca bonkiman bongiman Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SCB-d Wandabong Wandabong… Baup Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 24-SCB-da wandabong Papua New Guinea (Madang) 24-SCB-e Nokopo Taplen+ Nokopo Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-SCB-ea nokopo Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-SCB-f Kewieng Kewieng+ Megan Papua New Guinea (Madang); 3 (Morobe) 24-SCB-fa kewieng Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-SCB-g Yupna Isan+ Bungavat Papua New Guinea (Madang); 3 (Morobe) adjacent 24-SCB-ga yupna yutna, isan, bongiman 2 Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 24-SD YAU+ SAKAM chain URUWA 24-SDA YAU+ SOM net 24-SDA-a Som Gorgiok Papua New Guinea (Morobe); 1 (Madang) adjacent 24-SDA-aa som Papua New Guinea (Morobe); 1 (Madang) adjacent 24-SDA-b Weliki Weleki Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SDA-ba weliki weleki, karangi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SDA-c Yau uruwa "proper" Uruwa upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SDA-ca worin Worin Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SDA-cb yawan Yawan Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SDA-cc kotet Kotet Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SDA-cd mitmit Mitmit Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SDA-ce mup Mup Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SDA-cf sindamon Sindamon Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SDA-d Komutu Timbe lower valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SDA-da komutu Komutu… Bonggi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SDB SAKAM+ KAMDARANG net 24-SDB-a Sakam+ Kamdarang Saruwaged Range mountains Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SDB-aa sakam sugan Saruwaged Range-N. mountains: Sakam, Sugan Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SDB-ab kamdarang Saruwaged Range-S. mountains: Kamdarang Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SE WANTOAT+ IRUMU chain 24-SEA WANTOAT+ AWARA net 24-SEA-a Awara Leron upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SEA-aa awara Dabaram Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SEA-b Leron Leron upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SEA-ba leron Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SEA-c Wantoat Wantoat Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SEA-ca wantoat-A. wantoat-C. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SEA-cb wapu wantoat-S. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SEB IRUMU+ BAM net 24-SEB-a Bam+ Yagawak transition < [24=] Wantoat Irumu headwaters Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SEB-aa bam Bungan… Ewok Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SEB-ab kandumin kandomin Kandumin Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SEB-ac yagawak Walikuya… Kaman Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SEB-b Irumu Irumu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SEB-ba irumu gumia Gumia Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 page 172 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition 24-SF URII+ NUK chain ERAP 24-SFA URII net 24-SFA-a Urii uri, uri vehees, erap Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SFA-aa urii-W. Siara… Narumonke Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SFA-ab urii-E. Erap middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SFB FINUNGWA+ MAMAA* net 24-SFB-a Mamaa Mamaa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFB-aa mamaa mama Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFB-b Finungwa Finungwa… Gofan Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFB-ba finungwa finungwan Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFC GUSAN net 24-SFC-a Gusan Saruwaged Range-S. mountains. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFC-aa gusan Erap upper valley: Gusan+ Boiran Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFD SAUK net 24-SFD-a Sauk Saruwaged Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFD-aa sauk Sauk… Kisengam Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFE NIMI net 24-SFE-a Nimi Erap middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SFE-aa nimi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SFF NUK+ NUMANGGANG net 24-SFF-a Numanggang manggang, numangang, numangan, boana, kai Erap middle left- Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 bank 24-SFF-aa sugu numanggang-W. Sugu… Kawalang Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SFF-ab ngain gain, numanggang-E. Gain… Badibo Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SFF-b Nek Saruwaged Range-S. mountain: Boana-N. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SFF-ba nek-W. Busu upper valley: Ganzengan Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SFF-bb nek-E. Wampangan Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-SFF-c Nuk Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SFF-ca nuk-N. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFF-cb nuk-S. Boana-E. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFF-d Nakama Erap middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-SFF-da nakama-N. Busu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFF-db nakama-S. Boana-W. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFF-e Munkip Narumonke-E. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-SFF-ea munkip Munkip Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-T TIMBE+ TOBO set HUON-WEST; part of huon grouping Latin script 24-TA NABAK+ MESEM* chain 24-TAA MESEM net 24-TAA-a Mesem Buso upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-TAA-aa mesem momolili, momalili Momalili… Zezagi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-TAB NABAK net 24-TAB-a Nabak naba, wain Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4 24-TAB-aa nabak-SE. Bangdap Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TAB-ab nabak-NW. Sambue Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TB TIMBE+ KOMBA* chain 24-TBA TIMBE net 24-TBA-a Timbe Timbe upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4 24-TBA-aa timbe-S. Honziuknan… Pinang Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TBA-ab timbe-CW. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TBA-aba timbe-W. Imon… Nandong (Morobe) 24-TBA-abb timbe-C. Lewamon… Dalugilomon (Morobe) 24-TBA-ac timbe-E. Boroke… Yandu Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TBB SELEPET+ KONDOLOP net 24-TBB-a Selepet+ Kondolop Pumune… Kiari valleys Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-TBB-aa selepet-S. selepe Selepet Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TBB-ab selepet-N. Domot… Sorong Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TBB-aba kabwum Kabwum (Morobe) 24-TBB-abb kondolop Kondolop… Wap (Morobe) 24-TBC KOMBA net 24-TBC-a Komba Kwama upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4 24-TBC-aa komba-E. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TBC-ab komba-C. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TBC-ac komba-CW. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TBC-ad komba-W. "border" komba Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TBC-ae komba-SW. #also known as "west" Komba Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 173 24-TC NOMU+ ONO* chain 24-TCA KUMUKIO net 24-TCA-a Kumukio Kumukio Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-TCA-aa kumukio kumokio, gumukio Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-TCB KINALAKNA net 24-TCB-a Kinalakna Kinalakna Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-TCB-aa kinalakna Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-TCC NOMU net 24-TCC-a Nomu Bwambi… Sikikia bilingual < [24=] Ono Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3* 24-TCC-aa nomu Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TCD SIALUM net 24-TCD-a Sialum Sialum… Kwambu coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-TCD-aa sialum Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-TCE ONO net 24-TCE-a Ono ono-E. Bwambi… Sikikia Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-TCE-aa ziwe Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TCE-ab amugen Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TD TOBO+ SOMBA* chain 24-TDA TOBO net 24-TDA-a Tobo Cromwell Range mountains>S. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-TDA-aa tobo Kua upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-TDB SOMBA+ SIAWARI burum+ mindik net 24-TDB-a SOMBA+ SIAWARI Cromwell Range mountains>S. 3 24-TDB-aa siawari mindik, yaknge Mindik Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-TDB-ab kosorong Burum lower valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-TDB-ac somba bulum, burum Burum town & valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 page 174 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

24-U KATE+ MONGI set HUON-EAST, part of huon grouping Latin script 24-UA MONGI chain 24-UAA MONGI net 24-UAA-a Mongi kube, hube Mongi… Kua… Foris valleys Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-UAA-aa kurungtufu Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-UAA-ab yoangen yoanggeng Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-UB KATE+ MAPE chain masaweng+ mape 24-UBA MIGABAC net 24-UBA-a Migabac migaba' Ago… Hudewa coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3* 24-UBA-aa migabac-N. Hudewa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-UBA-ab migabac-S. Ago Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-UBB MOMARE net 24-UBB-a Momare Wandokai coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-UBB-aa momare momale, momole Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2 24-UBC SENE net X 24-UBC-a Sene Lakona ¶extinct Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 0 24-UBC-aa sene Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 0 24-UBD DEDUA net 24-UBD-a Dedua* deduae, masaweng Masaweng upper valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-UBD-aa dedua-N. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-UBD-ab dedua-S. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-UBE MAPE+ FUKAC net 24-UBE-a Mape+ Fukac Mape valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-UBE-aa naga Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-UBE-ab mape-E. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-UBE-ac mape-W. Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-UBE-ad nigac Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-UBE-ae fukac Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 24-UBF KATE net 24-UBF-a Kate kai, kâte, kâte-dong Song valley… Bonga coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4 24-UBF-aa wana "vehicular" kate Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 4 24-UBF-ab magobineng bamota Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 0 24-UBF-ac wamora wamola Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 1 24-UBF-ad wemo Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 1 24-UBF-ae parec Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 0 24-V KOVAI set part of huon grouping Latin script 24-VA KOVAI chain 24-VAA KOVAI net 24-VAA-a Kovai Umboi, Rooke island: Siassi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3 24-VAA-aa kovai umboi, kobai, kowai Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 3