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Notes on the Gulf Province Languages Overview

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Notes on the Gulf Province Languages Overview Notes on the Gulf Province languages Karl Franklin (Data Collected 1968-1973; this report collated 2011) Information compiled here is from notes that I collected between 1968 and 1973. Following the completion of my Ph.D. degree at the Australian National University in 1969, I was awarded a post-doctoral fellowship in 1970 to conduct a linguistic survey of the Gulf Province. In preparation for the survey I wrote a paper that was published as: Franklin, Karl J. 1968. Languages of the Gulf District: A Preview. Pacific Linguistics, Series A, 16.19-44. As a result of the linguistic survey in1970, I edited a book with ten chapters, written by eight different scholars (Franklin, Lloyd, MacDonald, Shaw, Wurm, Brown, Voorhoeve and Dutton). From this data I proposed a classification scheme for 33 languages. For specific details see: Franklin, Karl J. 1973 (ed.) The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. Pacific Linguistics, Series C, 26, x + 597 pp. Overview There are three sections in this paper. The first is a table that briefly outlines information on languages, dialects and villages of the Gulf Province. (Note that I cannot verify the spelling of each village/language due to differences between various sources.) The second section of the paper is an annotated bibliography and the third is an Appendix with notes from Annual Reports of the Territory of Papua. Source Notes Author/Language Woodward Annual pp. 19-22 by Woodward notes that: Report (AR) Four men of Pepeha were murdered by Kibeni; there is 1919-20:19- now friendly relations between Kirewa and Namau; 22 information on patrols to Ututi, Sirebi, and Kumukumu village on a whaleboat. AR pp. 61-2: Two Sirebi men killed by the Bara, who had had four 1920-21 men living at Ututi (not far from Kikori) killed; Kaipakua village was originally on Aukia C. with four ravis (men’s houses) and 800 population; it is now at Api-Opu. Flint and Saunders AR p. 9: Samberigi valley explored by Flint & Saunders who went up 1921-22 the Kikori R, going NW, rather than N, to Mt. Murray; they found guides at Sibire, five days from Mt. Murray; Donuga village in a valley that showed extensive cultivation; the Samberigi R. goes underground to Kikori or the Mubi; then SE through Ro or Keai country; noticed three small villages that were once powerful but suffered at the hands of the Samberigi; the Samberigi population was estimated at 3,378 at 44 village sites they visited (p. 51), including a few women and children. AR pp. 7-8: An outbreak of headhunting on the Turoma River; Mr. Page 1 1923-24 Rintoul saw headless and mutilated corpses at Seraga village on R. bank of the Turama opposite the Darai Hills. AR p. 14: Attack of Kuhuhuku on the village of Opau, close to 1924-25 government station at Keroma. AR p. 37: Semi-nomadic tribes called the Kairi and Sirebi were 1925-26 persuaded to build permanent villages at Tiviri and Ondugi. Chance and Healey AR p. 8: Junction of Kikori River and Mobi visited by Chance and C. Champion 1926-27 Healey in 1926; visited by C. Champion in 1930 (See AR 1929-30:6). Faithorn and C. AR Report by Faithorn and C. Champion that Erewa R. could be Champion 1928-29 traced to the Purari. Hides AR Patrol by Hides to Upper Purari and Era R. to the Turoha tribe or 1931-32 village. Hides and O’Malley AR Hides and O’Malley patrol to the Kunimaipa valley 1933-34 (p. 23); patrol to Mobi R. and Beaver falls by Clem Rich. Champion, I. AR I. champion patrol. 1936-37 Hides and Omalley AR Hides and O’Malley from Strickland to the Purari (Jan, ‘35) Clem Rich 1934-35 p. 27: Clem Rich reports new tribes on Upper Purari called Turoha—women were married to Pawaia men (cf. AR 1911-12.13,14). AR p. 13: Bamu – Purari patrol 1935-36 p. 14: Valley called Nowake where in Sept. and Oct. Foldi patrolled to Sariagi Creek, a tributary of Purari where a group called the Hahari had raided Purari villages; the Sariagi Creek was traversed by MacKay-Little in 1910 at Udi or Samia R; other people were contacted at a river called Kori and said they had not seen white men before. AHIAVE AR 1912-13 pp. 173-175: Word list comparing Kuhuhu and Kiki (Tapala, a (cf. Elema) dialect of Elema). AURAMA AR 1921-22 Village of Uo-Ho on U. Purari R. (a dialect of Pawaia). AUSTEN,Leo Report on the Delta division of Papua. See The Australian (1934) Geographer 2(4). 20-25. BAIA Ray Between Turama and Omati R.; See AR 1892-2, p. 46 for lists (1907) using two words – gota “coconut” and ibu “iron”. BAMU (MIDDLE Informant was Burai of Miruo; villages of Gagola, Yowa, Miruo, BAMU) Kuria, Sogori, Wakau, Anidai, Torobina, Upati, Bamio, Punigi, Silisiani, Bina, Piru-Piru, Hamagoa and Asarami. BAIMURU Census area in Kikori-Bamutu sub-district includes: Amepoke; Kamau-a; Kemei; Pakemuba; Raipaka and Unau. BAINAPI On Aramia R. at villages of Pikiwo, Makapa and Sarego. BARA AR 1920-21 Village of Uari Sogi on headwaters of Anu C., between Kiko and Sibi Range [related to Polopa]. AR 1922-23, Tobacco traded from Okani and Kikori R. where Bara are the p. 18 middlemen AR 1921-22 Attacked by the Okani, Ututi and Sirebi people (p. 142); village of Sibire Iu said to have one dubu, seven houses & a population of around 50. BARIKA AR 1921-22 Village of Asanu, 16 mi N NW from Iesso on Omati R., 8 mi. NE by EW from headwaters of Omati R. [related to Dugeme] Page 2 BAROI Census area in Kikori-Baimuru sub-district comprising: Akiaravi, Evara, Korarake, and Oravi. BAROI (cf. Namau) Williams One of the Pururi Delta tribes with 4 villages: Oravi, Akiravi, 1924 Koravahe and Evara; boundary (p.106) from Koriki group by the Rua-Kapea and Beau Rivers; separated from Kaimau by Baroi and Pa’ava Rivers. BARU Austen 1934 Kiwai group of the Gama estuary BUNIKI Ray (1913- On Bamu R. (cf. Dibiri) 14) COMMONWEALTH Bibliography of the flora and fauna of New Guinea. Compiled NATIONAL from the Library’s holdings. Feb., 1955 (alphabetical by author LIBRARY with abbreviations and a list of periodicals indexed). DABURA (see Ray (1907) West of Gama R.; See AR 1891-2, p. 38; said to be similar to Kiwai) Kiwai in culture and to understand many Kiwai words. DARIBI MacDonald Spoken from the Karimui Plateau to east on the Purari-Erave 1973 Rivers, N of the Crummer Peaks. DIBIASU AR-1924-25 On the U. Bamu (Woi-Woi); related to Mid Strickland group (Voorhoeve, 1968). DIBIRI (also Buniki) AR 1914-15 Buniki C., one mile from junction with the Bamu R. p. 186 DIKIMA AR 1926-27 A tribe far up the Kikori who were apparent enemies of the Foi-i; on the other side of the Kikori on the Mobi R. (said to be a tributary (p. 8). DUDAI Ray (1895) See Kiumi (?). DUGEME cf. Kasere, AR 1923-24 15 mi NW of Giberni at headwaters of the Paibuna R. Related to Kibeni) p. 57 Karima. EBALA On Purari R.; speak Vailala language. ELEMA Ray 1913-14 (See also Kairu-Kaura); between Purari and Bailala R. Ray 1895 Village with native name Taripi: in Motu named Motu Motu (AR, 1891); see also Lawes on Motu Grammar. London, 1880. Ray 1907 Proper Elema in villages of Bailala and Orokolo (p. 323); AR, 1892-3. EME-EME (see AR 1920-21 Villages of Korariperamegina of Pepeha, two miles SW from Pepeha) p. 120 Hibiri on the Paibuna R. ERA Census district on Kikeri sub district. EVORRA Ray 1895 see also Namau or Maipua; village on Queens Jubilee River, Gulf from Bevan of Papua, 15 miles N of Bald Head. 1890 FASU (or Koibu) Williams South and SW of Lake Kutubu; bull-roarer used at Lake Kutubu 1940-41 said to have come from this direction (p. 14). Loeweke & From W. of Lake Kutubu along Kikori R. to the village of Tama; May 1965 dialect there is called Some, which has only slight relationship with Mini. Fasu/Some is more closely related to Kairi (6%) than to Meni; about 750 people. FOI-I (or Mobi R. ) AR (1926-27) 90 mi. NW up from Kikori station; cut off from Kikori R. by rapids on Mobi (p.35); Sambergi or Kisigi C. flows to the W (p, 36); have steel axes obtained from Ikoli and Dikima people who obtain them from the Iessa (p. 36). FOI (also Kutubu) Williams Closely allied to people of Hubi river (p. 12), which includes 3 (1940-41) tribes: Mubi, Fimanga, and Ifingi; a. village of Hengisu, Borutange, Herebu (Upper Mubi R.); Fimaga, Damaiu, Page 3 Kenahobu on hilly ground some miles from Hubi R.; further down Mubi – villages. of Ifigi, Pingahugu, Erogahugu, Kuhu, Harebuio; Kutubu–Mubi dialects identical (p. 13); groups further SE are Foi and Kafa; source of shells and Usi cult from Foi SE; drum only used in cult ceremony so may have come from SE; Sengera (p. 16) said to be Fasu word. Name on Mubi is the magami which means “thing”. Grasslanders use momag; Conflicting views on direction of importation of shell (p. 16- 17); p. 146 – myth on shells suggests source as up Kikori to Mubi. FOE Also known as Koamainu; villages are along Mubi R. and at Baini (Sugwa); two days walk from Kutubu and Samberigi; speak Foe but marry Sau women from Duabadi, which they call Folopa.
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