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(YONGOM, YONGGOM) ... 2000 in Irian Jaya YONGKOM YONGKOM (YONGOM, YONGGOM) ... 2,000 in Irian Jaya (1987 SIL). South coast border area just north of where Fly River forms border between Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea. Linguistic affiliation: Trans-New Guinea, Main Section, Central and Western, Central and South New Guinea-Kutubuan, Central and South New Guinea, Ok, Lowland. Dialects: NORTHERN MUYU (NORTH KATI, NORTH MOEJOE, NIINATI, NINATIE, KATI-NINANTI, KATAUT), SOUTHERN MUYU (SOUTH KATI, SOUTH MOEJOE, DIGOEL, DIGUL, METOMKA, KATI METOMKA, OK BARI). 80% lexical similarity with Northern Muyu, 70% with Southern Muyu, 30% with Ninggerum. ... YONGKOM (YONGOM, YONGGOM) ... 4,000 in Papua New Guinea (1997 SIL). Population total both countries 6,000. Western Province along the Fly and Tedi (Alice) rivers and towards Lake Murray, across the border into Irian Jaya, on both sides of the Muyu River up to the Kawo (Kao) River. Also spoken in Indonesia (Irian Jaya). Linguistic affiliation: Trans-New Guinea, Main Section, Central and Western, Central and South New Guinea- Kutubuan, Central and South New Guinea, Ok, Lowland. ... - Grimes 2000. [YONGGOM] [map] (cf W&H) Dimin Dimino Ibim Kappa Marapka Miripki Murugan Ogan Onbiran Urum Kappa Wambiran Yep Kappa Yimbaran Yogi Yum Kappa - Austen 1923:Map. The people of the eastern side of the Tedi are the Awinkaruk (not Awikaruk); on the western side as far north as Birimkapa, are the Iongomkaruk. The tribe around the Birim river, but north of the junction, call themselves Kaikaruk; while those along the Tedi and to the north of Birimkapa are Woröm. The Woröm seem to extend as far north as the lower spurs of the Star Mountains, ... All the above mentioned, except the Awin, speak dialects derived from the same root-stock. - Austen 1923b:347. * 1 Tusschen de Moedjoe en de Alicerivier of Ok Terrie de Jonggom-anim. De namen dezer stammen verchillen naarmate de plaats waar men zijn informatioes inwint. Zoo vertellen de menschen aan de Kowo, dat zij geen Wambon-anim, maar feitelijk Kowo-anim zijn. De Wambon-anim wonen Westelijker tot aan de Digoel en alles Oostelijker van de Kowo, noemen zij Jonggom-anim of Kakaib-anim. De menschen, die aan de Mandobborivier wonenof Ok Dimoet, noemen zich ook geen Wambon-anim, maar Tanah-Merah- anim, omdat zij oorspronkelijk te Tanah-Merah en omstreken aan de Digoel worden en door de Mappi-anim, naar de Dimoet werden verdreven. Deze stammen bewonen het lage heuvelland. Ten Noorden van de Kapom-anim wonen de Katau en dan de Morop-anim, tusschen Moedjoe- en Alicerivier. In het bergland tenslotte, de als onbetrouwbaar bekende Potims. Aan de Kowo hebben de voor deze stammen weer anders namen als b.v. Korrijom voor de Katau- anim, dich de zelfde naam voor de Potims. Ten Westen van de Digoel wonen de Mappi-anim, met vermoedelijk de Mappirivier als centrum. Deze groote stam staat als oorlogszuchtig bekend. - Beckering 1927 Ts:3. Haar als globale schatting bedraagt de bevolkingsdichtheid der Wambon-anim + 1000 zielen, de Kapomanim + 1500 zielen, de Jonggomanim + 2400 zielen. ... - Beckering 1927 Ts:3. * [Boven-Digoel] Tusschen de Moedjoe en de Alicerivier of Ok Terrie de Jonggom-anim. De namen dezer stammen / verschillen naarmate de plaats waar men zijn informaties inwint. Zoo vertellen de menschen aan de Kowo, dat zij geen Wambon-anim, maar feitelijk Kowo-anim zijn. De Wambon-anim wonen Westelijker tot aan de Digoel en alles Oostelijker van de Kowo, noemen zij Jonggom-anim of Kakaib-anim. De menschen, die aan de Mandobborivier wonen of Ok Dimoet, noemen zich ook geen Wambon-anim, maar Tanah-Merah- anim, omdat zij oorspronkelijk te Tanah Merah en omstreken aan de Digoel woonden en door de Mappi-anim, naar de Dimoet worden verdreven. Deze stammen bewonen het lage heuvelland. Ten Noorden van de Kapom-anim wonen de Katau en dan de Morop-anim, tusschen Moedjoe- en Alicerivier. In het bergland tenslotte, de als onbetrouwbaar bekende Potims. Aan de Kowo hebben ze voor deze stammen weer andere namen als b.v. Korrijom voor de Katau- anim, doch de zelfde naam voor de Potims. Ten Westen van de Digoel wonen de Mappi-anim, met vermoedelijk de Mappi-rivier als centrum. Deze groote stam staat als oorlogszuchtig bekend. - van Doorn 1927-1932 Ts:3-4. * YONGGOM (Yongom) is spoken along the Fly and Tedi (Alice) Rivers, mainly in Papua. Two villages of Yonggom speakers also 2 live on the shores of Lake Murray. The 19578 census figures have been analyzed to show 2,000 Yonggom speakers in Papua. It is assumed that there are very few in Irian Barat, and any that are there would have been counted above as speakers of Southern Kati, a closely related language. Yonggom word lists available include 100 words by the author from Oya No. 2, 90 words by Assistant District Officer J.W. Kent from Watakdum, and 110 words by Austen from both Marapka and Ort Ambip. - A. Healey 1964:44. * [Lake Murray area: Nago (pop. 143) and Buseki (184)] - Voorhoeve 1970:2. ... Nago has since moved to a new location and is now locally known as Kakutama_gei. - Voorhoeve 1970:2. Yo_gom is spoken along the Fly and Tedi (Alice) Rivers as well as in two villages on the northern shore of Lake Murray. The number of speakers is estimated to be slightly more than 2,000. ... - Voorhoeve 1975b:383. 2000 + [speakers] Comments: Nearly all Yonggom speakers live east of the border, in the Western District of Papua New Guinea. There is no reliable information on the number of Yonggom speakers in Irian Jaya and their villages. In Papua New Guinea, Yonggom villages are: Kungim, Opka, Garandimok, Kungembit, Birimkamba, Ambaga 2, Kundubiran, Marapka, Timin, Kweman, Ot, Atkamba, Aran, Konkonda, Kawok, Erekta, Nago, Buseki. The list is probably not complete. - Voorhoeve 1975f:26. 2 Yonggom may connect with Northern and Southern Kati as a link in a dialect chain (Healey 1964, Voorhoeve 1975b) which would make these three languages a single language. - Voorhoeve 1981:Map 4. * In 1968, the Yonggom population in [Papua] New Guinea was 2,497, and it is believed that there are almost another 5,000 living in West Irian. ... - Serjeantson & Lai 1973:129. * [Map] Atkamba -- YONGGOM Buseki -- YONGGOM Kungim -- YONGGOM 3 Nago -- YONGGOM Woran -- YONGGOM - Wurm & Hattori 1981 * Yonggom may connect with Northern and Southern Kati as a link in a dialect chain (A. Healey 1964a, Voorhoeve 1975b) which would make these three languages a single language. - Wurm 1982:138, n. 1. * YONGGOM Kawok Membok Karemgu - Hyndman 1982b * Yonggom (Yongom; Yongkom) POP: +/- 2,000 in Irian Jaya, +/- 2,000 in PNG LOC: South coast border area just north of where Fly River forms border between Irian and PNG, also in PNG - Silzer & Heikkinen 1984:82. (Yongom; Yongkom) 2,000 in Irian Jaya, 2,000 in PNG LOC: South coast border area just north of where Fly River forms border between Irian and PNG, also in PNG - Silzer & Clouse 1991:88. * Current classifications suggest that the Yonggom speak three different languages (e.g. Healey 1964, Voorhoeve 1975, Silzer and Heikkinen 1984). These languages have been referred to as North Kati (or Kati-Ninati), South Kati (also Digoleesch or Kati- Metomka), and Yonggom. This classification, however, is based on limited data and appears to be inconsistent. ... / ... The Yonggom say they speak a single language (weng mimo), which is composed of a number of named dialects that are, for the most part, mutually intelligible. The naming of the dialects is complicated by two factors: (1) there has been extensive population movement since pacification, so that the dialects are not coterminous with discrete territories, and (2) the Yonggom names for the different dialects are sometimes used as directional terms, so that a name which connotes "the language spoken by the people to the north" is applied differently depending upon the position of the speaker. Despite these difficulties, I propose the following provisional classification of Yonggom dialects, based on a loose consensus among the speakers of the language: 4 (1) Kataut: Spoken only in the northern-most Muyu area in Irian Jaya, from Kopko to the north. (2) Middle Yonggom: Spoken in the northern villages in Papua New Guinea, as well as the Lake Murray villages (Nago and Buseki). Spoken in Irian Jaya from Kawangtet to Metomka (Corresponds with South Kati). (3) Kabom or Kagaip: In Papua New Guinea, spoken from Yogi village south to Atkamba (including Dome) and in Kawok and Moian. Extends northwest into Irian Jaya to Ninati (Corresponds with North Kati). (4) Ok Pari: Spoken in the Papua New Guinea villages of Erekta, Membok, and Karemgu. Also spoken in Irian jaya from Mindiptana south along the Kao River. / The Yonggom recognize and name additional, localized speech varieties as well. For example, the language spoken by the people who lived along the Ok Tedi River between Dome and Atkamba prior to pacification is called Derian, and is recognized as a variety of what I have referred to as Middle Yonggom. Certain language varieties are also more difficult for some people to understand than others; for example, a Kataut speaker finds it difficult to communicate with a speaker of Ok Pari. More detailed linguistic study would probably show that Yonggom language is composed of a dialect chain running roughly north to south. Currently the language is undergoing change in the direction of Middle Yonggom. - Kirsch 1991:4-6. * Yonggom: around 17,000 speakers reported in 1987, including 15,000 along the Fly and Tedi rivers and toward the Murray River, Western Province, Papua New Guinea, and 2,000 in Irian jaya. Also called Yongom or Yongkom. - Comrie 1992e:238. * South coast border area just north of where Fly River forms border between Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea.
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