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In Mapping Conservation Areas of Indigenous Peoples In REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION ISSN: 2146-0353 ● © RIGEO ● 11(5), SPRING, 2021 www.rigeo.org Research Article Geographical Information System (GIS) in Mapping Conservation Areas of Indigenous Peoples in Wasur National Park RI - PNG Marsujitullah1 Klemens A Rahangmetan2 Department of Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Universitas Musamus, Merauke, Indonesia Engineering, Universitas Musamus, Merauke, [email protected] Indonesia Suwarjono3 Teddy Istanto4 Department of Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Musamus, Merauke, Indonesia Universitas Musamus, Merauke, Indonesia 6 Cipto5 Irma Kamaruddin Departement of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Hasanuddin University, makassar, indonesia Engineering, Universitas Musamus, Merauke, Indonesia Corresponding author: Department of I nformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Musamus, Merauke, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Abstract Indonesia has designated 50 national parks as part of its protected areas. The consideration for the establishment of a national park by the government is based on the condition of the original ecosystem and the goals of biodiversity conservation. The use of geographic information system technology can be used to present information about the geographic location or location of an area. The obstacle faced by Wasur National Park and the Forest Service in informing the community about the mapping of conservation areas is that there is no tool / application to make it easier for the community to obtain this information. The geographic information system that will be presented is expected to be a tool for storing / processing / analyzing and presenting information in the form of an interactive visual map. In this study, an application was developed that provides information about the conservation area of indigenous peoples in Wasur National Park. Keywords Keyword 1; keyword 2; keyword 3; (National Parks Wasur, Indigenous Peoples, Geographic Information System.) To cite this article: Marsujitullah.; Rahangmetan, K, A.; Suwarjono.; Istanto, T.; Cipto.; and Kamaruddin, I . (2021) Geographical Information System (GIS) in Mapping Conservation Areas of Indigenous Peoples in Wasur National Park RI - PNG. Review of International Geographical Education (RIGEO), 11(5), 311-321. doi: 10.48047/rigeo.11.05.32 Submitted: 02-03-2021 ● Revised: 03-04-2021 ● Accepted: 04-05-2021 © RIGEO ● Review of International Geographical Education 11(5), SPRING, 2021 Introduction The Indonesian state, which consists of various islands, has designated 50 national parks as part of protected areas. This can be seen by the government from various aspects, one of which is based on the original condition of the ecosystem and biodiversity conservation targets, as well as seeing the decision at the IUCN World Park Congress. In fact, the national park has previously been inhabited or occupied by indigenous tribes or indigenous peoples' territories, including the national park in the eastern horizon of the Republic of Indonesia, the last regency in eastern Indonesia Merauke, namely Wasur National Park. which is inhabited by five indigenous peoples. namely the Kanum, Marind-Kondo, Marori Men-gey and Yeinan (Kosmaryandi, 2012). These indigenous peoples have built a natural resource management system that is closely related to their traditions and beliefs. The discrepancy between government policies on conservation is the same as the pattern of regulation on indigenous peoples because the landowners cause conflicts and marginalization of the rights of indigenous peoples.National parks in Indonesia are a form of nature conservation area which began to be implemented since the 3rd World National Park Congress in Bali in Bali which was held on October 11-22, 1982. Starting with the establishment of the first five national parks, namely Mount Gede Pangrango, Komodo, Ujung Kulon, Gunung Leuser and Kerinci Seblat. Until 2010, there were already 50 national parks spread throughout Indonesia, with a total area of 16,384,194 ha. Understanding national parks in Indonesia is listed in Law No. 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and their Ecosystems, namely national parks are nature conservation areas that have native ecosystems, managed with zoning systems that are utilized for research, science, education, supporting cultivation, tourism and recreation. Management of national parks is carried out by the government through the management of a large national park hall or national park hall (Kosmaryandi, 2012). Advances in information technology now has provided a lot of convenience in various ways for example communication and data transfer to be more easily accessed by various groups of scientists or non-scientists. Utilization of information technology encourages researchers to gain greater access to large amounts of information. The Geographic Information System (GIS) is a tool for storing / managing, processing / analyzing, and presenting information, starting to develop since the late 1980s. For the future use and application of GIS the three components above generally still dominate the main activities of GIS. Changes will occur only in terms of shifting interests and their implementation / utilization of the three GIS components, by using GIS we can view maps based on information systems, which can explain in more detail and facilitate understanding of the maps (Marsujitullah & Kaligis, 2019; Satar, 2005). Materials and Methods The methods and materials section consists of three parts, namely a description of the study area, preparation and methods. Study Area The study was conducted in Merauke district, one of 29 districts in the Indonesian province of Papua. The total area of this regency is around 46,791.63 km2 with a total population of around 223,389 in 2017(BPS n.d.). The Regency is inhabited by Marind Anim in 20 sub-districts and 179 villages. The Marind Anim are very dependent on small river flood plains to plant sago trees (Metroxylon spp.) (Yangalso grows in the wild on islands), swamps and rivers for fishing, and in pastures for fresh meat hunting (Sulistyawan et al., 2018). They also plant gardens that meet their needs for vegetables and fruits (Sulistyawan et al., 2018). From a cultural perspective, their mythological traditions relate to natural history, such as the origin of certain species, animal behavior, the history of eddies in rivers and the migration routes of their ancestors through the landscape (Meggitt, 2014). Merauke District is part of the Trans Fly Ecoregion, a priority landscape in 200 World Global Wildlife Fund Ecoregions. This area includes important wetland habitats such as swamps, peatlands, rain forests and mud that serve as habitat for migratory birds (Morrison, Westbrook, & Bedard-Haughn, 2015). 312 Marsujitullah.; Rahangmetan, K, A.; Suwarjono.; Istanto, T.; Cipto.; and Kamaruddin, I. (2021) Geographical … Position of Wasur National Park location Geographically, the Wasur National Park (TNW) area is located between 140 o 29 '- 141o 00' East Longitude and 08o 04 '- 09o 07' South Latitude. Based on administrative administration it is located in the southeastern part of the island of Papua in the administrative area of Merauke Regency and 4 sub-districts / districts, namely Merauke, Jagebob, Sota and Naukenjarai (Figure 2). The TNW area is easily accessible only 2 km from the city limits and 13 km from the Mopah Merauke airport. Regional boundaries are as follows: Figure 2. the National Park area of Wasur The East is bordered by asylum Tonda Wildlife in Papua New Guinea, West side is bordered by Merauke City, The South is bordered by the Arafura Sea, North side is bordered by the river area Maro Preparation During the preparatory step, the purpose of mapping the conservation of indigenous areas in the Wasur National Park is to be more clearly defined. The purpose of mapping indigenous peoples' areas is to support community-based forest management including their cultural heritage. The purpose defined in this case is to define community knowledge about traditional land use, based on two important information categories: local livelihoods and cultural values. The purpose of this mapping is intended to guide the entire process and indicate clear targets to deliver the desired results. Preparation also includes defining ethical principles and procedures for the mapping process. Mwanundu (2010) An important principle in this study is that community members who are identified are experienced, trusted individuals to represent their sub-tribes with established local knowledge traditions and customs. Methods The mapping process method was also discussed earlier with, The Head of the Wasur National Park Office approved the mapping principles. Information obtained was also obtained from leaders and sub-tribe members who had previously been discussed and confirmed the mapping process before it was received by sub-tribe members. Next, technical materials are prepared, such as geographically referenced Landsat drawings, transparency sheets, pens for writing 313 © RIGEO ● Review of International Geographical Education 11(5), SPRING, 2021 information, and key questions that can be asked during the process. The community feels confident using a tool map sketch based on the transparency sheet that is superimposed on a Landsat image that is referenced geographically. The information obtained is based
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