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World-Heritage-Sites-Png WORLD HERITAGE TENTATIVE LISTED SITES IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA REPORT ON A REVIEW OF THE SITES By Peter Hitchcock and Jennifer Gabriel January 2015 Photo Credit: Rodrick Vana, Oro Province REVIEW OF TENTATIVE WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA Principal Authors Peter Hitchcock AM OCConsulting (Environment and Heritage) Cairns, Queensland Australia Contacts: P.O. Box 1133 Smithfield (Cairns) 4878 Tel: +61 (0)7 40381118 Mob: 0419 795 841 Email: [email protected] Jennifer Gabriel, B.Soc. Sc. (Hons. 1) PhD Scholar (Anthropology), Research Fellow - The Cairns Institute James Cook University Australia Assisted by Dr Matthew Leavesley FSA Adjunct Lecturer in Archaeology James Cook University Lecturer in Archaeology University of Papua New Guinea Dedication This report is dedicated to the memory of the late Mr. Vagi Renagi Genorupa, Manager, National World Heritage Secretariat, PNG Department of Environment and Conservation (d . 2nd December, 2014). 2 REVIEW OF TENTATIVE WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA Background The Government of Papua New Guinea advised its acceptance of the World Heritage Convention on Monday, July 28, 1997. In advising it’s acceptance of the Convention, the Government of PNG joined other signatories in committing to, amongst other things, as far as possible to: 1. “adopt a general policy that aims to give the cultural and natural heritage a function in the life of the community and to integrate the protection of that heritage into comprehensive planning programs’; 2. undertake 'appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this heritage'; 3. refrain from 'any deliberate measures which might damage, directly or indirectly, the cultural and natural heritage' of other Parties to the Convention, and to help other Parties in the identification and protection of their properties.” UNESCO In accordance with Article 11 (1) of the Convention, in 2006 PNG formally nominated seven identified areas for Tentative Listing. To date none of these areas has been nominated to the World Heritage List. This desktop review examines each area and reports on the current knowledge, condition and threats to each area; as well recommendations are made to address identified issues and to provide guidance for advancing the processes of “identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this heritage’’. Executive Summary “Identification” - Of the 7 nominations, only four (Sepik, Trans-Fly, Kikori, Milne Bay) had clearly identified and mapped boundaries and the remainder were limited to mostly broad geographic descriptions. This review provides recommendations for delineation of all seven areas, including some proposed adjustments to existing boundaries; “Protection” - The Review found that only three sites had any significant amounts of formal protected areas and that since listing in 2006, little or no progress has been made in formal protection of the sites. Recommendations are made on priorities for pro gressing protection. “Conservation” - The Review found that there was minimal conservation management activity evident and that likely the only on-ground management activity was by customary landowners. Apart from the activities of the Kokoda Initiative, there was no evidence of direct government contribution to site management. “Presentation” - No evidence was found of any presentation activity for any of the sites. Indeed there is such a paucity of information available on the Internet that even local or national awareness of the existence of the Tentative Listed sites could be expected to be minimal. “Rehabilitation” - Apart from on-going local efforts in management of aquatic weeds in the Sepik, no evidence was found of any rehabilitation activities in any other sites. 3 REVIEW OF TENTATIVE WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA “Values Knowledge”- Improvement in knowledge of the heritage attributes and values within the Tentative List sites since the 2006 listing varies greatly from area to area, from virtually nil improvement in some to major improvements in others, including the recognition of new attributes and values since listing. All of the karst areas in the original Sublime Karst listing show a substantial increase in biodiversity data. In the Sepik site, a major new cultural heritage precinct has been identified and research of it continues. Independent non- government researchers generated almost all of the new knowledge. The review identified a number of important areas of Intact Forested Landscape (IFLs) - unlogged intact forest in a number of the Tentative Listed sites. IFL is increasingly regarded globally as being a premium conservation resource so recognition of IFL’s in the Tentative Listed sites further enhances their outstanding natural heritage significance. The main threat to IFL values is logging and associated roads. “Threats” - The Review identified minor to serious threats to the heritage values of 6 of the 7 sites. Recommendations are presented for responding to those threats. The main threats already in operation or threatening include road construction and logging (Nakanai, Kikori, Kokoda-Owen Stanley) Serious threats to some areas include logging, mining and associated activities, petroleum exploration and development, SABL’s tenures and oil palm development. Longer-term threats from climate change apply particularly to the Sepik and Milne Bay sites. Less obvious than most identified threats, unsustainable hunting is a definite threat to species conservation in some areas, especially in the more accessible lowlands and some montane areas. Failure to actively confront existing threats since nomination has resulted in some loss of values and integrity. However, with increasing development pressures apparent, it is clear that unless there is a concerted proactive effort to respond to some of the more serious threats, globally significant heritage values will be lost, possibly leading to the delisting of parts or whole of some listed sites. Nomination: The Review found that none of the Tentative Listed areas have been nominated fo r World Heritage nor are any are in the process of having nominations prepared. The two most prospective Tentative Listed Areas for early nomination as World Heritage are the Trans-Fly and Huon Terraces sites. Whilst Trans-Fly is 100% protected, Huon Terraces has no formal protection but would appear straight-forward for preparation of the necessary protection and management planning preparatory to drafting of a nomination. The Trans-Fly site should ideally be a trans-boundary nomination with Indonesia. The other five Tentative Listed areas will require a substantial amount of effort to collaborate with customary owners and government agencies regarding threats, protection and management issues before any decision to proceed to preparation of nominations. Potential additional Sites: Some attention was given to scoping the prospects for additional sites for Tentative Listing. The 7 existing Tentative Listed sites, assuming the recommended boundaries, do appear to represent the most important major landscapes with potential for recognition of Outstanding Universal Values (OUV) and hence World Heritage, at least based on natural heritage values. Some smaller more specific sites might in future be identified as being of OUV. 4 REVIEW OF TENTATIVE WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA There is some scope and case for extension of some of the existing Tentative Listed sites, in some cases to embrace additional values not represented in the existing site. (Trans-Fly, Kikori, Sublime Karst, Huon Terraces. Subject to further study, there is also scope within the Kokoda-Owen Stanley Ranges site to support more than one World Heritage nomination or a serial nomination. Some significant cultural features and themes were recognized independent of the existing Listed Areas that deserve further consideration for their potential OUV’s. The Vitu Islands (Bali-Vitu) off West New Britain form part of a broader monumental cultural landscape. Uneapa Island is home to four distinct types of rock art, involving thousands of modified and constructed stone features scattered across the island’s landscape. Sites range from single modified stones to large-scale complexes of and “seats” and “tables”, mortars, cooking places, grinding stones and carved boulders. Research indicates that the rock art is not a static component of past landscapes but, rather, a dynamic one influencing and impacting on communities, with each generation adding their marks and stories, establishing an intergenerational narrative expressed through stone. An archaeological survey of Muyuw (Woodlark Island) in the 1970s located caves, as well as a number of stone arrangements. The stone monuments represent some of the earliest known evidence of occupation in the northern Massim. The stone arrangements form a complex Early Period (~1500BP–600BP) landscape built for the dead to negotiate relationships between the living throughout the northern Massim. These sites are important in relation to the prehistory of the island and the region as a whole. There are some equally impressive carved rocks in New Hanover and also two series in Bougainville, one each in the south (Buin and Siwai) and central (Togarau/Wakunai) area. Overall Overall, this review finds that the greater part of the heritage values recognized at the time of nomination in 2006 still exist and that in
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