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Boor En Spade Xi MEDEDELINGEN VAN DE STICHTING VOOR BODEMKARTERING BOOR EN SPADE XI VERSPREIDE BIJDRAGEN TOT DE KENNIS VAN DE BODEM VAN NEDERLAND AUGER AND SPADE XI STICHTING VOOR BODEMKARTERING, WAGENINGEN DIRECTEUR: DR. IR. F. W. G. PIJLS Soil Survey Institute, Wageningen, Holland Director: Dr. Ir. F. W. G. Pijls 1961 H. VEENMAN & ZONEN N.V.-WAGENINGEN CONTENTS Page Introductory ix 1. Osse, M.J. M., In memoriam Dr. Ir. W. N. Myers 1 2. Osse, M.J. M. et al., The Netherlands Soil Survey Institute. Tasks, activities and organization 4 3. Steur, G. G. L. et al., Methods of soil surveying in use at the Nether­ lands Soil Survey Institute 59 4. Reynders, J. J., Soil Survey in Netherlands New Guinea .... 78 5. Schroo, H., Some pedological data concerning soils in the Baliem Valley, Netherlands New Guinea 84 6. Reynders, J. J., The landscape in the Maro and Koembe river district (Merauke, Southern Netherlands New Guinea) 104 7. Maarleveld, G. C. and J. S. van der Merwe, Aerial survey in the vicinity of Potchefstroom, Transvaal 120 8. Oosten, M. F. van, Soils and Gilgai microrelief in a central African river plain in the light of the quaterny climatic changes .... 126 9. Marel, H. W. van der, Properties of rocks in civil and rural engi­ neering 149 10. Meer, K. van der, Soil conditions in the Khulna District (East Pa­ kistan) 170 INHOUD De pagina-nummers verwijzen naar de Nederlandse samenvatting Blz. Ter inleiding ix 1. Osse, M. J. M., In memoriam Dr. Ir. W. N. Myers 1 2. Osse, M. J. M. e.a., Taak en organisatie van de Stichting „Insti­ tuut voor Bodemkartering" 26 3. Steur, G. G. L. e.a., Methoden van bodemkarteren in gebruik bij de Stichting „Instituut voor Bodemkartering" 70 4. Reynders, J. J., De bodemkartering in Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea 81 5. Schroo, H., Enige bodemkundige gegevens omtrent gronden in de Baliem-vallei 100 6. Reynders, J. J., Het landschap bij de Maro- en Koembe-rivieren (Merauke, zuid Nieuw-Guinea) 117 7. Maarleveld, G. C. en J. S. van der Merwe, Luchtfoto-kartering van de omgeving van Potchefstroom, Transvaal 123 8. Oosten, M. F. van, Bodem en „gilgai"-microreliëf in een centraal- afrikaanse riviervlakte, gezien in het licht van klimaatveranderin­ gen gedurende het Kwartair 142 9. Marei, H. W. van der, Eigenschappen van gesteenten voor civiel­ technische en cultuurtechnische werken 167 10. Meer, K. van der, De bodemgesteldheid van het Khulna District (Oost-Pakistan) 173 vi INHALTSVERZEICHNIS/TABLE DE MATIÈRES Die Mummer der Seiten beziehen sich auf die deutschen Zusammenfassungen Les numéros des pages se réfèrent aux résumés françaises Seite 1. Osse, M. J. M., In memoriam Dr. Ir. W. N. Myers 1 2. Osse, M. J. M. et al., Aufgabe und Organisation der Stiftung „In­ stitut für Bodenkartierung" 37 L'institution pédologique néerlandaise, son organisation, sa tâche et ses activités 48 3. Steur, G. G. L. et al., Das Verfahren bei der Niederländischen Bodenkartierung 72 Méthodes de la cartographie des sols, utilisées par l'Institution pédologique néerlandaise 75 4. Reynders, J. J., Die Bodenkartierung in Niederländisch Neu- Guinea 81 5. Schroo, H., Einige Angaben in Bezug auf die Böden in der Baliem- ebene, Niederländisch Neu-Guinea 102 6. Reynders, J. J., Die Landschaft an den Mündungen der Maro und Kumbe Flüsze (Niederländisch Neu-Guinea) 118 7. Maarleveld, G. C. en J. S. van der Merwe, Bodenkartierung auf Grund von Luftbilder in der Umgebung Potchefstrooms (Süd- Afrikanischer Union) 124 8. Oosten, M. F. van, Les sols à microrelief gilgai dans une vallée cen­ tral-africaine en rapport avec les changements de climat pendant l'époque quaternaire 145 9. Marel, H. W. van der, Eigenschaften einiger Gesteinsarten in zivil- und kulturtechnischer Hinsicht 168 10. Meer, K. van der, Die Bodenbeschaffenheit im Khulna Distrikt (Ost Pakistan) 17^ VII INTRODUCTORY Although "Auger and Spade" has for its sub-title "Miscellaneous con­ tributions to the knowledge of the soils of the Netherlands" the editor has thought it fit to publish a volume with an international character, the reason being the fact that several former and also present soil scientists of the Netherlands Soil Survey Institute were or still are active in foreign countries, especially the Tropics and Subtropics. The editor is rejoiced that for the first time some articles on pedological research and survey carried out in Nether­ lands New-Guinea could be published in this volume. It is deemed appro­ priate to draw the attention to this work, especially with an eye on inter­ national situations. Because of the large number of articles received the editor was compelled to prepare a second volume (XII) in the same way, publication of which will follow as soon as possible. TER INLEIDING Hoewel „Boor en Spade" als ondertitel heeft „Verspreide bijdragen tot de kennis van de bodem van Nederland", heeft de redactie toch gemeend een internationaal georiënteerd deel te laten verschijnen. Aanleiding hiertoe is het feit, dat verschillende vroegere en ook huidige medewerkers van de Stichting voor Bodemkartering langere of kortere tijd in het buitenland, vooral in de Tropen en Subtropen, hebben gewerkt of nog werken. Het verheugt de redactie zeer, dat in dit deel voor het eerst iets gepubli­ ceerd wordt over bodemkundig werk in Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea. Het is goed dat hierop eens de aandacht wordt gevestigd, ook ten aanzien van het buitenland. Het aantal aangeboden artikelen was zo groot, dat de redactie moest over­ gaan tot de uitgave van een tweede internationaal deel (XII), waarvan de verschijning zo spoedig mogelijk na XI zal plaatsvinden. IX IN MEMORIAM Dr. IR. W. N. MYERS door M. J. M. Osse Na slechts luttele dagen bedlegerig te zijn geweest, overleed op 29 januari 1960 te Oosterbeek onze Redactie-Secretaris Dr. W. N. Myers. De tijding van zijn dood kwam voor ons geheel onverwacht. Als het ware werden wij erdoor overvallen. Enerzijds lag het niet voor de hand ermede te rekenen, dat een zo energiek en sympathiek man als Dr. Myers was, zo plot­ seling uit ons midden zou worden weggenomen. Van de andere kant zijn de meesten onzer in leeftijd te jong, te gevangen in eigen vitaliteit en eigen streven om werkelijkheden als deze, die niet gewild zijn en waarop door ons geen invloed kan worden uitgeoefend, gemakkelijk te accepteren. Met name viel het moeilijk zich te verzoenen met de idee, dat het leven van Dr. Myers op de toch betrekkelijk jonge leeftijd van 54 jaar eindigen moest. Een tijd­ spanne overigens, die welbesteed moet worden genoemd ; waarin met grote ijver en overgave gewerkt werd en waarin talrijke vriendschapsbanden wer­ den aangeknoopt en onderhouden. Een leven tevens, waarin hem teleurstel­ lingen niet bespaard zijn gebleven, waarbij opvalt, dat de richting, waarin Dr. Myers dit leven leiden wilde vrij sterk bepaald en duidelijk was. Calami- teuze gebeurtenissen als de tweede wereldoorlog en de bezetting van Neder­ lands Indië door de Japanners, alsook de soevereiniteitsoverdracht en haar gevolgen, hoe onaangenaam dan ook, vermochten niet daarin essentiële wijzigingen te brengen. In grote trekken bleef Dr. Myers in zijn werk Bos­ bouw en Bodemkunde trouw. Dr. Willem Nicolaas Myers dan werd geboren op 7 februari 1906 te Meu- laboh in Atjeh. Reeds op jeugdige leeftijd kwam hij naar Nederland, waar hij te Utrecht zowel de lagere school als de H.B.S. bezocht. Na zijn eind­ examen aldaar studeerde hij vanaf 1924 aan de Landbouwhogeschool te Wageningen, waar hij in 1930 in de toenmalige richting Koloniale Bosbouw afstudeerde. Hij keerde daarop naar Nederlands Indië terug, waar hij zijn eerste werkkring vond bij de Dienst van het Boswezen. Als sectie-chef bij de Bosinrichting legde hij zich krachtig toe op het onderzoek naar de relatie tussen de bodemgesteldheid en de bodemgeschiktheid voor bepaalde hout­ soorten. Hij karteerde voor dit doel de houtvesterij Indramajoe en voerde o.a. karteringen uit in Padangan en Gadoengan. Voor de tijd, waarin de bodemgeschiktheid in de praktijk nog voornamelijk werd beoordeeld naar „het gemak, waarmede een stok in de grond kon worden gedrukt" waren deze onderzoekingen tamelijk baanbrekend en nieuw. Zo nieuw stellig, dat lang niet iedereen in zijn omgeving adhesie voor zijn werkwijze kon opbren­ gen. Verheugend was het daarom voor hem, dat Prof. Edelman, die in 1936 een studiereis door Nederlands Indië ondernam en daarbij ook de kartering Indramajoe bezocht, aan dit werk grote aandacht schonk en daaromtrent zijn waardering uitsprak. Het gevolg ervan was, dat Dr. Myers op 7 decem­ ber 1937 op het proefschrift: „Groeiplaatsboniteeringvan Djatiboschgronden in verband met grondkaarteering" bij Prof. Edelman promoveerde. Hij keerde vervolgens opnieuw naar Nederlands Indië terug en vervulde tot het uitbreken van de oorlog de functie van opperhoutvester op het eiland 1 Madoera. Na de oorlog, die hij zoals de meesten in een Japans internerings­ kamp doorbracht, was zijn eerste standplaats Balikpapan. Vandaar werd hij overgeplaatst naar Java, waar hij vanaf 1948 werkzaam was bij de Land­ inrichting. Na de soevereiniteitsoverdracht trad Dr. Myers in dienst van de Republiek Indonesië. Afgezien van de oorlogstijd werden hiermede wel de meest gelukkige jaren van zijn leven in de tropen afgesloten. In 1951 immers zag hij zich genoodzaakt het land, zijn geboorteland, dat hij een zo goed hart toedroeg en waaraan hij zovele en zo dierbare herinne­ ringen bewaarde, te verlaten. Hoewel Dr. Myers, zoals eerder reeds werd gezegd, op een bodemkundig onderwerp promoveerde, moet de aanvangstijd bij ons Instituut toch niet de gemakkelijkste geweest zijn. De bodemkunde hier te lande immers was in de naoorlogse jaren zodanig geëvolueerd, dat het hem ongetwijfeld de grootste moeite moet hebben gekost zich hierin weer enigermate te oriënteren. Boven­ dien waren sfeer en werkwijze bij de Stichting wel geheel verschillend van die in Ned. Indië of Ned. Nieuw Guinea, terwijl de beoefenaars van deze wetenschap bij de Stichting voor Bodemkartering zonder uitzondering vele jaren jonger waren dan hijzelf.
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