Buku Jakstra Perairan Daratan

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Buku Jakstra Perairan Daratan DEPARTEMEN KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN Direktorat Jenderal Kelautan, Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil Direktorat Konservasi dan Taman Nasional Laut Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No. 16 lt.9 Jakarta 10110 Telp. 021-3519070 ext. 8924, 3522045 Fax. 021-3522045 © 2008 KEBIJAKAN DAN STRATEGI KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA IKAN DAN LINGKUNGANNYA DI PERAIRAN DARATAN DIREKTORAT KONSERVASI DAN TAMAN NASIONAL LAUT DIREKTORAT JENDERAL KELAUTAN, PESISIR DAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL DEPARTEMEN KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN 2008 Kebijakan dan Strategi Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan dan Lingkungannya di Perairan Daratan CETAKAN - II Tim Editor: 1. Ir. Agus Dermawan, MSi 2. Dian Sutono Hs.,S.Pi.,M.Pi 3. Ir. Andi Rusandi 4. Sri Rahayu, S.Pi 5. Suraji, S.P.,M.Si 6. Leny Dwihastuty, S.Pi 7. Dyah Retno W., S.T,M.T 8. Heri Binarasa Putra, S.Pi Dyah Satuan Kerja Direktorat Konservasi dan Taman Nasional Laut Direktorat Jenderal Kelautan, Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan Tahun 2008. Kebijakan dan Strategi Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan dan Lingkungannya di Perairan Daratan Sekretariat Pokja; 1. Ir. Agus Dermawan,M.Si 2. Dian Sutono Hs, S.Pi.,M.Pi 3. Dr. Ir. Achmad Sarnita 4. Ir. Dede Irving, A.PU. 5. Dr. Ir. Wartono Hadi, M.Si. 6. Ir. Wahyu Rudianto 7. Dibyo Sartono Kelompok Kerja; 1. Ir. Yaya Mulyana 2. Ir. Tomy Hermawan, MSc. 3. Nurul Istiqomah, S.Pi. M.Si. 4. Hanung Cahyono, SH. LLM. 5. Ir. Chaery Novari 6. Ir. Rahmanto 7. Ir. Warsito SW, Dipl. HE. 8. Ir. Edi Djuharsa, M.Si. 9. Hermanu Karmoyono, AMK. 10. Ir. Hardi Sukarlianto 11. Dra. Heni Agustina, MEM 12. Ir. Bambang Sukmananto 13. Drs. Barkah Sulistiadi 14. Ir. Tajerin, MM. 15. Ir. S. Alina Tampubolon, MPSt. 16. Dr. Ir. Toni Ruchimat, M.Sc. 17. Ir. Elfita Nezon, MM. 18. Ir. Ahsanal Kasasiah, M.Agr.Bus. 19. Ir. Aris Kabul Pranoto, Msi. Satuan Kerja Direktorat Konservasi dan Taman Nasional Laut Direktorat Jenderal Kelautan, Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan Tahun 2008. KATA PENGANTAR Dengan tersusunnya Kebijakan dan Strategi Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan dan Lingkungannya di Perairan daratan ini, pertama-tama saya mengucapkan selamat dan rasa syukur yang tak terhingga, atas segala jerih payah Tim Sekretariat beserta Kelompok Kerja (Pokja) yang telah sudi meluangkan waktu serta bekerjasama dan berkonsentrasi dalam proses penyusunannya. Dokumen Kebijakan dan Strategi Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan dan Lingkungannya di Perairan daratan ini, merupakan hasil dari serangkaian kerjasama (kolaboratif) para pemangku kepentingan dalam kegiatan tahun 2007. Guna memenuhi permintaan dan keperluan penyebar luasan program, maka pada kegiatan tahun 2008 dicetak ulang untuk kedua kalinya (Cetakan II). Berbagai pihak lintas Instansi Pemerintah dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM/NGO) yang terlibat, banyak memberikan sumbang-pikir partisipatif selama proses penyusunan dokumen ini. Melalui proses partisipatif dan kolaboratif tersebut, diharapkan dokumen ini dapat ditetapkan sebagai Kebijakan Nasional dalam bidang Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan dan Lingkungannya di Perairan Daratan di seluruh wilayah perikanan Indonesia sebagaimana dimaksudkan dalam Undang-Undang No. 31, Tahun 2004, tentang Perikanan. Berkenaan dengan telah tersusunnya dokumen Kebijakan dan Strategi Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan dan Lingkungannya di Perairan daratan ini, kami menyampaikan penghargaan dan ucapan terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada; Tim Sekretariat, Kelompok Kerja serta semua pihak yang telah terlibat dalam proses penyusunannya. Kami menyadari, bahwa kandungan dan isi dokumen Kebijakan dan Strategi Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan dan Lingkungannya di Perairan daratan ini masih belum dapat mengakomodir kepentingan berbagai pihak dengan sempurna. Untuk itu, pada kesempatan ini kami sangat berharap adanya sumbang-saran masukan sebagai bahan penyempurnaan lebih lanjut. Terima kasih. Jakarta, Juli 2008 Direktur Konservasi dan Taman Nasional Laut, Ir. Yaya Mulyana vi SAMBUTAN Pengelolaan kekayaan alam secara bijaksana untuk sebesar- besarnya kemakmuran rakyat merupakan amanat UUD 1945 yang akan menjamin kelangsungan hidup Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, dan dalam implementasinya sangat bergantung pada paradigma dan prilaku masyarakat dalam mengelolanya. Sumberdaya alam hayati merupakan salah satu kekayaan alam yang kita miliki dan sangat bermanfaat sebagai modal pembangunan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya. Pemahaman menyeluruh atas kekayaan alam yang di miliki, dan perumusan rencana aksi ke depan yang konkrit sangat diperlukan dalam rangka mewujudkan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan bagi kesejahteaan bangsa. Perumusan Kebijakan dan Strategi Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan dan Lingkungannya di Perairan Daratan ini merupakan suatu upaya ke arah tercapainya tujuan dimaksud. Perlindungan, pelestarian dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan dan lingkungannya di perairan daratan secara bijaksana menjadi sangat penting untuk selalu diupayakan dalam rangka memasuki era abad 21 yang disebut juga sebagai “abad biologi/abad hayati”. Pada dekade industrialisasi ini, sumberdaya alam hayati (termasuk sumberdaya ikan) merupakan andalan bahan baku beberapa industri yang berkaitan dengan hajat hidup orang banyak, seperti industri farmasi, kesehatan, pangan, pertanian dan kosmetika. Dengan pengetahuan dan teknologi yang berkembang, pemanfaatan sumberdaya hayati secara lestari dalam dunia perindustrian hanya bisa dilakukan dalam kerangka dasar pembangunan secara berkelanjutan. Pendekatan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan menawarkan perspektif yang lebih luas dari sekedar pertumbuhan ekonomi semata. Aspek sosial dan lingkungan harus mendapat perhatian yang sama dan seimbang. Sejalan dengan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi dan penguasaan tekhnologi yang canggih akan membuka kemungkinan kerusakan sumber daya alam yang semakin bervariasi bentuk dan problematiknya. Akhir kata, dengan memanjatkan puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan YME, kami sampaikan selamat dan ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya atas kerja keras Tim Penyusun yang telah menyelesaikan tugasnya dengan baik. Jakarta, Juli 2008 Direktur Jenderal Kelautan, Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, Dr. Ir. M. Syamsul Maarif, M. Eng. viii Kata Pengantar ………………… ................................................................... vi Sambutan Dirjen KP3K ………………… .................................................... viii Daftar Isi ......................................................................................................... x Daftar Lampiran ........................................................................................... xii Pendahuluan .................................................................................................. 1 A. Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 3 B. Batasan dan Pengertian ............................................................................. 6 C. Klasifikasi Ekosistem Perairan Daratan ................................................... 7 D. Tujuan dan Sasaran .................................................................................... 10 E. Ruang Lingkup ............................................................................................ 11 F. Keluaran ....................................................................................................... 11 Potensi dan Kondisi Saat Ini ..................................................................... 13 A. Ekosistem Perairan Daratan ...................................................................... 15 1. Muara Sungai (Estuari) ......................................................................... 15 2. Hutan Bakau (Mangrove) ...................................................................... 17 3. Sungai ..................................................................................................... 23 4. Danau ...................................................................................................... 25 5. Waduk ..................................................................................................... 29 6. Rawa ........................................................................................................ 31 B. Sumberdaya Ikan Perairan Daratan ......................................................... 38 C. Sosial Ekonomi/Sosial Budaya ................................................................... 39 Kondisi yang Diharapkan .......................................................................... 45 A. Definisi Suaka Perikanan Perairan Daratan ............................................ 49 B. Zonasi Suaka Perikanan Perairan Daratan .............................................. 52 1. Zona Inti .................................................................................................. 52 2. Zona Perikanan Berkelanjutan ............................................................. 53 3. Zona Pemanfaatan ................................................................................. 53 Kebijakan dan Strategi ............................................................................... 55 A. Visi dan Misi ................................................................................................ 57 1. Visi ........................................................................................................... 57 2. Misi .......................................................................................................... 57 B. Kebijakan ..................................................................................................... 58
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