DOCSLIB.ORG

The Ndu Language Family (Sepik District, New Guinea)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Ndu Language Family (Sepik District, New Guinea) LINGUISTIC CIRCLE OF CANBERRA PUBLICATIONS EDITORS: S.A. WURH, J. B. HARRIS, N. G. MA LMQVIST, D. C. LA YCOCK SERIES C BOOKS NO . 1 THE NOU LANGUAGE FAM ILY (S epik District, New Guinea) by D. C. LAYCO C K CA N BER RA 1965 TH E AUSTRAL IAN NAT IONA L UNIVERS ITY Laycock, D. The Ndu language family (Sepik District, New Guinea). C-1, xi + 224 illus. map. 26 cm. pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1965. DOI:10.15144/PL-C1.cover ©1965 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. The pub11cat1ons of the L1ngu1st1c C1rcle of Canb erra are 1ssued 1n three ser1es: SERIES A - OCCASIONAL PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS . All correspondence concern1n g the L1ngu1st1c C1rcle of Canb erra and 1ts pub11cat1ons, 1n clu d1n g orders an d subscr1p t1ons, should be addressed to: TH E SECRETARY, LINGUISTIC CIRCLE OF CANBERRA, FACULTY OF ORI ENTAL STUDIES, TH E AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, BO X 4, G. P. O. , CANBERRA, A. C. T. AUSTRALIA. Th e copyr1ght 1n the mater1al of th1s pub11cat1on 1s vested 1n the author or co-authors. Th e C1rcle 1s 1n debted to the Au stra11an Nat10nal Un 1vers1ty for help 1n the product1on of th is ser1es. Th1s pub11cation was made possible by a grant from the Hunter Douglas fund. PREFACE This book is based on linguistic material collected during fieldwork in the Sepik District, Territory of New Guinea, during the period May 1959 to March 1960. Before my departure for the field no one , least of all myself, had more than an outline knowledge of what I might expect to find in the way of languages and their internal relat i on­ ships throughout the Sepik District. Accordingly, fieldwork was planned as a survey of the languages of a large, geo­ graphically cont inuous segment of the Sepik River basin, the area to be enlarged or reduced as time and circumstances permitted. When it became apparent that the most profitable line of research was to concentrate on the large interrelated group of languages clustered around the Middle Sepik area, the survey plan was not abandoned, but �as modified to include, as far as possible, only languages of the related group and those languages which surrounded this group on the northern, western and eastern sides - the southern side proving im­ possible to visit . A few exceptions were made because of prevailing circumstances. From the documentation of the related group - the Ndu family - the present study has emerged. Languages outside the Ndu family are mentioned only in pass ing or in contrast to members of the family, although consi derable material was collected in them. Analysis and publication of this material is planned for a later date. Those who in the meantime are interested in the distribution of the languages concerned should consult A. Capell, A Linfuistic Su rvey of the South­ We stern Pacific ( revised edition, South Pacific Commission Technical Paper NO .136 , Noumea, 1962) and my own brief article ' The Sepik and its Languages ' ( Australian Te r­ ritories 4, No . 4. 35-41, 1961). The plan of this work should be apparent from the table of content s. In the first section, an outline of the geo­ graphy of the Sepik District is given, as well as an account of the distribution of the maj or languages encountered and the numbers and types of natives who speak them. Then fol­ lows a summary and a justi ficat ion of the method of 'direct eliciting ' which was followed in obtaining material. The remaining sections, which form the bulk of the book, show iii iv the grammatical and lexical interrelationships of members of the Ndu family, and the conc lusions to be drawn therefrom. The appendices add supplementary material. Although this work is divided into parts, the numbering of sections is cont inuous throughout . The number to the left of the first decimal point is a whole number, and is not subdivided; the remaining subsections are subdivided decimally in pairs. Zero (0) is not used in the numeration. The spelling of place-names in the Sepik District con­ forms to that of the official Vi llate Directory ( Department of Native Affairs, Port Moresby, 1960), and to that of the princ ipal map used: Sepik District 1 inch = 4 miles, Port Moresby 1960. These sources have been supplemented where necessary by the Fourmil series compiled by the Department of Lands, Surveys and Mines, Port Moresby. In a few cases phonemici sation of native name s has been attempted. This is only possible, however, when the words were pronounced by a nat ive of the correct linguistic group in a context wh ich ruled out the possibility of an approxi­ mation to the prevailing European or Pidgin pronunciation. Latitude and longitude are given for all important places mentioned on the ir first occurrence in the text. A roving fieldworker gathers no moss, but many indebted­ nesses. In a brief compass it is not possible to do justice to all who helped me in my research, and I apologise in ad­ vance to anyone whose name I have inadvertently omitted from the following acknowledgements. Firstly, I must thank the Australian Nat ional University, whose scholarship grant and ample field allowances gave me the initial opportunity for research. Secondly, I have to thank my supervisor, Dr . S.W. Wurm, who taught me what to look for and how to look for it, and who se tireless persist­ ence in reading draft s of this work gave me the encourage­ ment to keep writing it. For permission to reproduc e, from Dr . Capell 's Survey, the map on page 18 , I am very grateful to Dr. Capell, to the South Pacific Commission, and to the cartographer, Mr . Edgar Ford. Hatching of Ndu-fami1y languages has been added. My thanks also go to my many friends in New Guinea, particularly to the many Administrative officers who simpli­ fied my progress and who frequently provided assistance and hospital ity at short no tice; also to the missionaries of all denominat ions , who , like Good Samaritans, on occasion fed me and took me in. I must especially thank Miss Pat Davidson and Mrs. Hazel Easton, of the Assemblies of God Mission, for v additional informat ion on the Abelam and Boikin languages; also Miss Shirley Matthews, of the South Seas Evangelical Mission, whose premature death in 1959 brought to an end her valuable studies in the Arapesh language. Mr . Kay Liddle, of the Christian Missions in Many Lands, Green River, provided me with hospitality, an excellent informant , and my first insight into the class-system of the Abau language: to him too many thanks. Finally, I owe a debt to my informants for their patience with me. If they ever learn to read Engl ish, they will realise that this is not quite, unfortunately, the book that I promised I would write about their languages. Canberra, A.C.T.• Karc h 1962. For publication, a number of small changes and reV1Slons have been incorporated into this work. I am grateful for suggestions from Dr. Fred Householder, Indiana University, and Dr. Kenneth Hale, University of Southern Illinois. Berlin, Germany, January 1964 . TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE iii PART I: ORIENTATION 1. Th e Sep ik District 3 1. 1. Area and Administrat ion 3 1. 2. Terrain 3 1. 3. Population 5 1. 4. Anthropology and Ethnography 7 1. 5. History of the Sepik District 9 2. Field Methods 10 2. 1. Direct Eliciting 10 2. 2. El iciting Material 10 2. 3. Safeguards 11 2.4. Texts 12 2. 5. Language of Interrogation 12 2. 6. Informants 13 2.7. Conclusion 13 3. Te rminology and Abbrevi ations 20 3. 1. Terminology 20 3. 2. Abbreviat ions and Symbols 20 PAR1' II: PHONOLOGY AND GRAMM AR OF ABELAM 4. In troduction 25 4. 1. The Abelam Language 25 4. 2. Material in Ab elam Dialects 26 4. 3. Introduction to the Grammar 27 5. Phonology 29 5. 1. Phonological Units 29 vii viii Pa�e 5.2. Stress 29 5. 3. Juncture, Transition and Pauses 30 5.4. Intonation 31 5. 5. Phonemics and Orthography 32 5. 6. Allophonic Variat ions affecting Classes of Phonemes 33 5. 7. Allophonic Variations in Detail 34 5. 8. Syllable and Phrase Structure 42 5. 9. Morphophonemics 44 6. Grammar 46 6. 1. Minimal Utterance 46 6. 2. Sentences containing only one Verb 46 6. 3. Predicate Expansions 52 6. 4. Subject Expansions 55 6. 5. Further Expansions of Basic Sentences 58 6.6. Sentences with more than one Verb 67 6. 7. 'Sentence-Medial ' Verb Forms 69 6. 8. Residue 75 6. 9. Morpheme Inventory 81 7. Wosera Abelam Texts 88 7. 1. Texts from Situational Testing 88 7. 2. Free Texts 93 PART III: OUTL INE GRAMM ARS OF OTH ER LANGUAGES OF TH E NOU FAMILY 8. Introduction to Ou t line Grammars 101 8. 1. Presentation 101 9. Ou tl ine Grammar of Bo ikin 103 9. 1. Introduction 103 9. 2. Materials in Boikin 103 9. 3. Phonology of Boikin 104 9. 4. Outline of Bo ikin Grammar 106 ix 10. Ou tline Grammar of Ia tmul 112 10 . 1. Introduction 112 10.2. Materials in Iatmul 113 10. 3. Phonology of Iatmul 113 10.4 . Outline of Iatmul Grammar 114 11. Outline Grammar of Man ambu 120 11. 1. Introduction 120 11. 2. Materials in Manambu 120 11.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PAPERS in NEW GUINEA LINGUISTICS No. 18
    PACIFIC LINGUISTICS S e.ft-<- e..6 A - No. 4 0 PAPERS IN NEW GUINEA LINGUISTICS No. 18 by R. Conrad and W. Dye N.P. Thomson L.P. Bruce, Jr. Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Conrad, R., Dye, W., Thomson, N. and Bruce Jr., L. editors. Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 18. A-40, iv + 106 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. DOI:10.15144/PL-A40.cover ©1975 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is published by the Ling ui��ic Ci�cl e 06 Canbe��a and consists of four series: SERIES A - OCCAS IONAL PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS SERIES V - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS . EDITOR: S.A. Wurm . ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. Laycock , C.L. Voorhoeve . ALL CORRESPONDENCE concerning PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to: The Secretary, PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, Department of Linguistics, School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra , A.C.T. 2600. Australia . Copyright � The Authors. First published 1975 . The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for help in the production of this series. This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. National Library of Australia Card Number and ISBN 0 85883 118 X TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SOME LANGUAGE RELATIONSHIPS IN THE UPPER SEPIK REGION OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA, by Robert Conrad and Wayne Dye 1 O. INTRODUCTION 1 1 .
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of the Least Documented Language Families in the World
    Vol. 4 (2010), pp. 177-212 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4478 The status of the least documented language families in the world Harald Hammarström Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig This paper aims to list all known language families that are not yet extinct and all of whose member languages are very poorly documented, i.e., less than a sketch grammar’s worth of data has been collected. It explains what constitutes a valid family, what amount and kinds of documentary data are sufficient, when a language is considered extinct, and more. It is hoped that the survey will be useful in setting priorities for documenta- tion fieldwork, in particular for those documentation efforts whose underlying goal is to understand linguistic diversity. 1. InTroducTIon. There are several legitimate reasons for pursuing language documen- tation (cf. Krauss 2007 for a fuller discussion).1 Perhaps the most important reason is for the benefit of the speaker community itself (see Voort 2007 for some clear examples). Another reason is that it contributes to linguistic theory: if we understand the limits and distribution of diversity of the world’s languages, we can formulate and provide evidence for statements about the nature of language (Brenzinger 2007; Hyman 2003; Evans 2009; Harrison 2007). From the latter perspective, it is especially interesting to document lan- guages that are the most divergent from ones that are well-documented—in other words, those that belong to unrelated families. I have conducted a survey of the documentation of the language families of the world, and in this paper, I will list the least-documented ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract of Counting Systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania
    Abstract of http://www.uog.ac.pg/glec/thesis/ch1web/ABSTRACT.htm Abstract of Counting Systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania by Glendon A. Lean In modern technological societies we take the existence of numbers and the act of counting for granted: they occur in most everyday activities. They are regarded as being sufficiently important to warrant their occupying a substantial part of the primary school curriculum. Most of us, however, would find it difficult to answer with any authority several basic questions about number and counting. For example, how and when did numbers arise in human cultures: are they relatively recent inventions or are they an ancient feature of language? Is counting an important part of all cultures or only of some? Do all cultures count in essentially the same ways? In English, for example, we use what is known as a base 10 counting system and this is true of other European languages. Indeed our view of counting and number tends to be very much a Eurocentric one and yet the large majority the languages spoken in the world - about 4500 - are not European in nature but are the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Pacific, Africa, and the Americas. If we take these into account we obtain a quite different picture of counting systems from that of the Eurocentric view. This study, which attempts to answer these questions, is the culmination of more than twenty years on the counting systems of the indigenous and largely unwritten languages of the Pacific region and it involved extensive fieldwork as well as the consultation of published and rare unpublished sources.
    [Show full text]
  • AMBAKICH [Aew]
    Endangered languages listing: AMBAKICH [aew] Number of speakers: 770; Total population of language area: 1,964 (2003). Ambakich (also called Aion or Porapora) is a language spoken in the Angoram district of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. Ambakich is classified as one of the “Grass” languages (Laycock 1973); these languages are now regarded as members of the “Lower Sepik-Ramu” family (Foley 2005). Ambakich speakers mostly live in villages along the Porapora River, which flows northward into the Sepik River. One village (Yaut) is located on the Keram River, southwest of the other villages. Speakers call their language “Ambakich”, whereas “Aion” is the name of the ethnic group. The population in 2003 was probably greater than the 1,964 reported. The language has SOV structure. An SIL survey in 2003 (Potter et al, forthcoming) found that Ambakich has very low vitality. While most adults were able to speak Ambakich, both children and youth spoke and understood Tok Pisin far better than Ambakich. Ambakich speakers report positive attitudes toward their language, stating they value it as an important part of their culture. However, parents use more Tok Pisin than Ambakich when speaking to their children. Communities verbally support the use of Ambakich in schools and teacher attitudes are positive; however teachers feel that the children are not learning the language because it is not being used in the home. Tok Pisin is used in all domains, including home, cultural, religious, social, legal, trade and other interactions with outsiders. Ambakich speakers are close neighbours to the Taiap language studied by Kulick (1992).
    [Show full text]
  • Grammatical Gender and Linguistic Complexity
    Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity Volume I: General issues and specific studies Edited by Francesca Di Garbo Bruno Olsson Bernhard Wälchli language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 26 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of marked-S languages. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake (Papua New Guinea). 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan languages and linguistics. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology. 14. Enfield, N. J. (ed.). Dependencies in language: On the causal ontology of linguistic systems. 15. Gutman, Ariel. Attributive constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic. 16. Bisang, Walter & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios. 17. Stenzel, Kristine & Bruna Franchetto (eds.). On this and other worlds: Voices from Amazonia. 18. Paggio, Patrizia and Albert Gatt (eds.). The languages of Malta. 19. Seržant, Ilja A. & Alena Witzlack-Makarevich (eds.). Diachrony of differential argument marking. 20. Hölzl, Andreas. A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond: An ecological perspective. 21. Riesberg, Sonja, Asako Shiohara & Atsuko Utsumi (eds.). Perspectives on information structure in Austronesian languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2012–13
    2012–13 ANNUAL REPORT ANNUAL REPORT ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13 ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13 The National Gallery of Australia is a Commonwealth (cover) authority established under the National Gallery Mick Namarari Tjapaltjarri Act 1975. Pintupi people Untitled (Rain Dreaming at Nyunmanu) 1994 (detail) The vision of the National Gallery of Australia is to be synthetic polymer paint on linen an inspiration for the people of Australia. 152 x 183 cm purchased with funds from the Honorary Exhibition Circle The Gallery’s governing body, the Council of the National Patrons, 2013 Gallery of Australia, has expertise in arts administration, © the estate of the artist represented by Aboriginal Artists Agency corporate governance, administration and financial and business management. (back cover) In 2012–13, the National Gallery of Australia received Korewori caves an appropriation from the Australian Government East Sepik province, Papua New Guinea totalling $49.219 million (including an equity injection Hunter’s helper figure (Aripa) c 1480–1670 of $16.392 million for development of the national wood, ochre art collection), raised $23.573 million, and employed 174.3 x 6.5 x 32 cm 252 full-time equivalent staff. purchased 2011 © National Gallery of Australia 2013 ISSN 1323 5192 All rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Produced by the Publishing
    [Show full text]
  • The Yimas Language of New Guinea
    The Yimas Language of New Guinea William A. Foley Stanford University Press Stanford, California Stanford University Press Stanford, California Copyright © 1991 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Printed in the United States of America of CIP data appear at the end the book For the Yimas people as they find their way in the modern world Preface This book is the result of a research project spread over some ten years and funded largely by the Australian Research Grants Scheme (Grant A176/15655), with some supplementary funding in 1985 from the Fac­ ulties Research Fund of the Australian National University. The goal of the project was a complete study of the Yimas language, its grammar and lexicon, the social and cultural contexts of the use of the language, its history and genetic relations, and its interactions with neighboring languages. Some of the results of this project have been reported in pre­ vious works, notably Foley (1986, 1988), but this book represents the most complete document on the language to date. Still to come are a Yimas dictionary and a volume of traditional legends, presented in Yi­ mas with Tok Pisin and English translations. Further, the result of the Yimas language project will play a central role in a long term research project I have just commenced-a reconstruction of the prehistory of the Sepik-Ramu basin, using largely linguistic data. The following grammar is not written in any set theoretical frame­ work. I wanted the organization of the grammar to reflect the structure of the language as closely as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Demonstratives in Discourse
    Demonstratives in discourse Edited by Åshild Næss Anna Margetts Yvonne Treis language Topics at the Grammar­Discourse science press Interface 6 Topics at the Grammar­Discourse Interface Editors: Philippa Cook (University of Göttingen), Anke Holler (University of Göttingen), Cathrine Fabricius­Hansen (University of Oslo) In this series: 1. Song, Sanghoun. Modeling information structure in a cross­linguistic perspective. 2. Müller, Sonja. Distribution und Interpretation von Modalpartikel­Kombinationen. 3. Bueno Holle, Juan José. Information structure in Isthmus Zapotec narrative and conversation. 4. Parikh, Prashant. Communication and content. 5. Balogh, Kata, Anja Latrouite & Robert D. Van Valin‚ Jr. (eds.) Nominal anchoring: Specificity, definiteness and article systems across languages. 6. Næss, Åshild, Anna Margetts & Yvonne Treis (eds.). Demonstratives in discourse. ISSN: 2567­3335 Demonstratives in discourse Edited by Åshild Næss Anna Margetts Yvonne Treis language science press Næss, Åshild, Anna Margetts & Yvonne Treis (eds.). 2020. Demonstratives in discourse (Topics at the Grammar-Discourse Interface 6). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/282 © 2020, the authors Published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence (CC BY 4.0): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ISBN: 978-3-96110-286-0 (Digital) 978-3-96110-287-7 (Hardcover) ISSN: 2567-3335 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4054814 Source code available from www.github.com/langsci/282 Collaborative reading: paperhive.org/documents/remote?type=langsci&id=282
    [Show full text]
  • Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands
    Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands First compiled by Nancy Sack and Gwen Sinclair Updated by Nancy Sack Current to January 2020 Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands Background An inquiry from a librarian in Micronesia about how to identify subject headings for the Pacific islands highlighted the need for a list of authorized Library of Congress subject headings that are uniquely relevant to the Pacific islands or that are important to the social, economic, or cultural life of the islands. We reasoned that compiling all of the existing subject headings would reveal the extent to which additional subjects may need to be established or updated and we wish to encourage librarians in the Pacific area to contribute new and changed subject headings through the Hawai‘i/Pacific subject headings funnel, coordinated at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.. We captured headings developed for the Pacific, including those for ethnic groups, World War II battles, languages, literatures, place names, traditional religions, etc. Headings for subjects important to the politics, economy, social life, and culture of the Pacific region, such as agricultural products and cultural sites, were also included. Scope Topics related to Australia, New Zealand, and Hawai‘i would predominate in our compilation had they been included. Accordingly, we focused on the Pacific islands in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (excluding Hawai‘i and New Zealand). Island groups in other parts of the Pacific were also excluded. References to broader or related terms having no connection with the Pacific were not included. Overview This compilation is modeled on similar publications such as Music Subject Headings: Compiled from Library of Congress Subject Headings and Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2015
    CELEBRATING 25 YEARS harn.ufl.edu DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE IN THIS 25TH YEAR OF THE HARN’S SHORT BUT EVENTFUL HISTORY THERE HAS BEEN MUCH CAUSE FOR CELEBRATION. In honor of this milestone the museum received 100 new and promised gifts of African, Asian, Oceanic, modern and contemporary art, and photography, many of which you will see in the Acquisitions section of this report. In addition to these gifts, more than 500 longtime patrons and new friends honored and supported exhibitions and programs at the museum by attending a benefit party, “25 Candles,” held September 15. The gifts and funds raised in honor of the Harn’s 25th anniversary totaled more than $1 million. Highlights of the many generous donations and promised gifts to the Harn include 15 works of Tiffany glass and 14 works of Steuben glass given by Relf and Mona Crissey; 10 contemporary Japanese ceramic works promised by Jeffrey and Carol Horvitz; 5 Oceanic works, 3 African objects and one modern painting promised by C. Frederick and Aase B. Thompson; 5 photographic works given by artist Doug Prince; 4 paintings by Tony Robbin given by Norma Canelas Roth and William D. Roth; and a sculpture by Joel Shapiro given by Steve and Carol Shey. A 25th Anniversary Public Celebration was held on September 27 with an attendance of over 600 visitors. On this occasion the Harn rolled out our new free membership program, which offers full participation in the life of the museum for everyone with no financial barriers. The Harn’s six curators worked together to organize an exhibition highlighting 125 works of art selected from all of our collecting areas, Conversations: A 25th Anniversary Exhibition.
    [Show full text]
  • Languages of the Upper Sepik and Central New Guinea
    LANGUAGES OF THE UPPER SEPIK AND CENTRAL NEW GUINEA Report prepared by Martin Steer September 2005 Edits and Appendix 9.2 by B. Craig 2011 1 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Overview 5 1.2 Methods of comparison 6 1.3 Structure of the report 9 2. Amto-Musian Family: Amto 10 3. Border Stock, Waris Family: Amanab and Waina 11 4. Kwomtari Stock: Baibai, Biaka and Kwomtari 15 5. Senagi Family: Anggor 18 6. Sepik Phylum 24 6.1 Abau 24 6.2 Yellow River Family: Ak, Awun, Namie 26 7. Trans New Guinea Phylum 28 7.1 The Mountain Ok family 28 7.2 The Mountain Ok languages 31 7.3 Lexical comparisons 34 7.4 Phonology and morphology 36 7.5 Discussion 38 7.6 Oksapmin 39 8. Isolates/Ungrouped 40 8.1 Busa 40 8.2 Yuri/Karkar 41 8.3 Nagatman/Yale 42 9. Appendices 44 9.1 Percentages of Cognates - Amanab sub-district and Upper Serpik 44 9.2 Data relating to Tifal and Faiwol language boundaries (by B.Craig) 45 10. Bibliography 53 2 List of Tables 1. Languages of the study area 5 2. Populkation of the study area 6 3. Relatedness of languages 8 4. A scale of relatedness 9 5. Codification of relationships 10 6. Amto 10 7. Amanab and Waina 11 8. Some Waris pronouns 12 9. Baibai, Biaka and Kwomtari 16 10. Some Kwomtari pronouns 17 11. Anggor 18 12. Dera versus languages to the north and west 20 13. pTNG and Dera 22 14. Anggor villages and dialects 23 15.
    [Show full text]
  • Precarity and Jealousy at the Sisiak Settlement, Madang, Papua New Guinea Deborah Gewertz and Frederick Errington
    8 Stingy Egalitarianism: Precarity and Jealousy at the Sisiak Settlement, Madang, Papua New Guinea Deborah Gewertz and Frederick Errington Martha Macintyre and Nick Bainton have described a Papua New Guinea (PNG) goldmine at Lihir that delivered such extraordinary affluence to landowners that they could become over-the-top makers and shakers— they could ‘have it all’ by staging remarkably elaborate customary rituals and by buying coveted four-wheel-drive vehicles. In this way, they were able to excel within traditional and modernist socioeconomies. In contrast to the past, in which ‘exchange functioned as a levelling device, providing an important avenue for dispersing wealth and resources’ (Bainton & Macintyre, 2016, p. 121), the flood of incoming money allowed a multiplicity of ceremonial distributions without significant depletion of resources. Indeed, the ‘resulting efflorescence of custom has been a defining feature of their engagement with mining capitalism’ (Bainton & Macintyre, 2016, p. 110). For those cash-fortunate Lihirians, theirs was a ‘new world of surplus’ (Bainton & Macintyre, 2016, p. 111). They had won big-time, and the mine handouts appeared endless. For those less well-placed Lihirians (those who were not owners of mining land), the benefits of mining capitalism have been elusive. Certainly, some were given start-up money for small businesses, so as not to be entirely excluded from mine-based prosperity. Yet, their various enterprises 213 UNEQUAL LIVES frequently failed, and no further financing was offered. When their hopes ‘for perpetual financing were foiled’, these would-be entrepreneurs retaliated by ‘allowing all the chickens to die, smashing the can crusher and letting several hectares of vegetables to rot in the ground’ (Bainton & Macintyre, 2013, p.
    [Show full text]