Word Order Change in Papua New Guinea Austronesian
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Mercury Concentration and Its Effect on the Aquatic Environment of the Lower Watut River
38 Orathinkal, Tetang & Kilip, Mercury Concentration and its Effect on the Aquatic Environment of the Lower Watut River Mercury concentration and its effect on the aquatic environment of the Lower Watut River, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea Jose Orathinkal Abbeygail Tetang Joanne M. Kilip Abstract This explorative and analytical study investigated the level of mercury and its effects on the aquatic life in the Lower Watut River of the Huon Gulf District in Papua New Guinea. Samples of fish, water and sediments were collected from the Watut River that has access to three villages namely, Magaring, Kapungung and Chiatz. The samples were analysed at the National Analysis Laboratory, University of Technology. In addition, a total of 40 interviews were conducted among the alluvial miners in the Lower Watut River to explore possible effects of mercury use for gold extraction. The analysis of water has shown that the level of mercury concentration is high (0.001mg/L) when compared to Recommended Standards, such as the PNG Raw Water and Drinking Water Standards and the Australian Drinking Water Standards. The analysis of fish and sediment samples were compared with the American Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization Standards. The finding from interviews further confirmed the impact of mercury content in the water affecting the aquatic environment. From the interviews conducted, it was reported that there were many changes occurring in the river, such as sedimentation, flooding, dieback of vegetation, mercury found in sediments, fish dying and fish found with deformities. This study provides baseline information for more awareness into the toxicity of mercury and its effects on the environment. -
Peter G. Sack Land Between Two Laws
This book penetrates the facade Peter G. Sack Land Between of colonial law to consider European land acquisitions Two Laws in the context of a complex historical process. Its context is land, but it is fundamentally a legal study of the problems arising out of the dichotomy between traditional New Early European Land Guinea law and imposed Prussian law. Though these Acquisitions in New Guinea problems arose out of events that took place more than fifty years ago, they are of immediate relevance for New Guinea in the 1970s. They are mostly still unsolved and are only now emerging from under the layers of po litical compromise that have concealed them. Dr Sack emphasises the differences between tra ditional and introduced law in New Guinea in order to in vestigate the chances of a synthesis between them. He offers no panacea, but points up clearly the tasks which must be accomplished before the 'land between two laws' can become a truly indepen dent state. This is an essential work for anthropologists, lawyers and all those con cerned with the emergence of a stable, unified Papua New Guinea. This book penetrates the facade Peter G. Sack Land Between of colonial law to consider European land acquisitions Two Laws in the context of a complex historical process. Its context is land, but it is fundamentally a legal study of the problems arising out of the dichotomy between traditional New Early European Land Guinea law and imposed Prussian law. Though these Acquisitions in New Guinea problems arose out of events that took place more than fifty years ago, they are of immediate relevance for New Guinea in the 1970s. -
An Assessment of Language Needs for Technical Communication in a Multilingual Speech Community: Implications for Teaching LSP in Papua New Guinea
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 368 186 FL 021 942 AUTHOR Moody, James TITLE An Assessment of Language Needs for Technical Communication in a Multilingual Speech Community: Implications for Teaching LSP in Papua New Guinea. PUB DATE Apr 93 NOTE 28p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Language Center Seminar (28th, Singapore, April 19-21, 1993). PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) Viewpoints (Opinion/Position Papers, Essays, etc.) (120) Speeches/Conference Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS College Graduates; *Cultural Pluralism; *Educational Needs; Engineering; English; Foreign Countries; Forestry; Graduate Surveys; Higher Education; *Intercultural Communication; *Language Role; *Languages for Special Purposes; Language Usage; Multilingualism; Needs Assessment; Pidgins; Sciences; Second Language Instruction; Uncommonly Taught Languages; *Work Environment IDENTIFIERS *Papua New Guinea; Papua New Guinea University of Technology; Tok Pisin ABSTRACT A survey of 98 Papua New Guinea technical university graduates in the applied sciences, engineering fields, and forestry investigated their language skill use and language needs in the workplace. Results indicate that, as in Papua New Guinea society in general, English and Tok Pisin are the two most important languages for technical communication in the workplace. Common language use patterns for technical purposes include Tok Pisin used alone, mixed with English, "simplified" English, and formal, technical English. Practical, appropriate syllabuses, materials, and methods for teaching languages for special purposes (LSP) should be developed to accommodate these existing language use patterns. This could be handled by offering courses in language for occupational purposes and language for academic purposes. It would also be desirable to introduce technical language in the student's dominant language, which in this context is often Tok Pisin, for purposes of concept development, then translate the terms into English. -
POLICE MOTU 41 3.1 Introduction 41 3 .2 the Mission Frontier 41 3.3 the Unofficial 'Visitors' Frontier 47 3.4 the Government Frontier 56
re . I /VA �I (its story) by Tom Dutton The University of Papua New Guinea Press 1985 Published by the University of Papua New Guinea Press Copyright T. E. Dutton 1985 © All right reserved CONTENTS First published 1985 FOREWORD Vll ISBN 9980-84-007-2 PREFACE Vlll Printed in Hong Kong by Colocraft Ltd. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xii A NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY X-lV Cover design by Takus David ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS and OTHER CONVENTIONS xv GLOSSARY XVI Produced within the framework of the Languages for Intercultural Australian Academy of the THE LANGUAGE TODAY Communication in the Pacific Area Project of the 1. Humanities and under the academic auspices of the Union Academique 1.1 Introduction Internationale as publication No. 3 under the Project. 1.2 Distribution and Varieties No royalties are paid on this book. 1.3 General Overview of the Structure of Hiri (formerly Police) Motu 4 1.4 Pidgin Features of Hiri Motu 7 1.4.1 Sounds 7 1.4.2 Grammar 8 1.4.3 Vocabulary 16 2. IN THE BEGINNING: THE PRE-EUROPEAN SETTING 20 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 The HTL(E) 22 2.3 The HTL(K) 29 2.4 Simplified Motu 36 3. INVASION AND THE NEW FRONTIER: SIMPLIFIED MOTU TO POLICE MOTU 41 3.1 Introduction 41 3 .2 The Mission Frontier 41 3.3 The Unofficial 'Visitors' Frontier 47 3.4 The Government Frontier 56 4. LAW AND ORDER: THE SPREAD OF POLICE MOTU 59 To Corinne, Brett and Anna 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 MacGregor's Armed Native Constabulary 62 4.3 The Village Constable System 71 4.4 The Prison System 74 4.5 Conclusion 78 ECONOMIC AND OTHER DEVELOPMENT: 5. -
New Britain New Ireland Mission, South Pacific Division
Administrative Office, New Britain New Ireland Mission, Kokopo, 2012. Built after volcanic eruption in Rabaul. Photo courtesy of Barry Oliver. New Britain New Ireland Mission, South Pacific Division BARRY OLIVER Barry Oliver, Ph.D., retired in 2015 as president of the South Pacific Division of Seventh-day Adventists, Sydney, Australia. An Australian by birth Oliver has served the Church as a pastor, evangelist, college teacher, and administrator. In retirement, he is a conjoint associate professor at Avondale College of Higher Education. He has authored over 106 significant publications and 192 magazine articles. He is married to Julie with three adult sons and three grandchildren. The New Britain New Ireland Mission (NBNI) is the Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) administrative entity for a large part of the New Guinea Islands region in Papua New Guinea located in the South West Pacific Ocean.1 The territory of New Britain New Ireland Mission is East New Britain, West New Britain, and New Ireland Provinces of Papua New Guinea.2 It is a part of and responsible to the Papua New Guinea Union Lae, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. The Papua New Guinea Union Mission comprises the Seventh-day Adventist Church entities in the country of Papua New Guinea. There are nine local missions and one local conference in the union. They are the Central Papuan Conference, the Bougainville Mission, the New Britain New Ireland Mission, the Northern and Milne Bay Mission, Morobe Mission, Madang Manus Mission, Sepik Mission, Eastern Highlands Simbu Mission, Western Highlands Mission, and South West Papuan Mission. The administrative office of NBNI is located at Butuwin Street, Kokopo 613, East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. -
The Status of the Least Documented Language Families in the World
Vol. 4 (2010), pp. 177-212 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4478 The status of the least documented language families in the world Harald Hammarström Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig This paper aims to list all known language families that are not yet extinct and all of whose member languages are very poorly documented, i.e., less than a sketch grammar’s worth of data has been collected. It explains what constitutes a valid family, what amount and kinds of documentary data are sufficient, when a language is considered extinct, and more. It is hoped that the survey will be useful in setting priorities for documenta- tion fieldwork, in particular for those documentation efforts whose underlying goal is to understand linguistic diversity. 1. InTroducTIon. There are several legitimate reasons for pursuing language documen- tation (cf. Krauss 2007 for a fuller discussion).1 Perhaps the most important reason is for the benefit of the speaker community itself (see Voort 2007 for some clear examples). Another reason is that it contributes to linguistic theory: if we understand the limits and distribution of diversity of the world’s languages, we can formulate and provide evidence for statements about the nature of language (Brenzinger 2007; Hyman 2003; Evans 2009; Harrison 2007). From the latter perspective, it is especially interesting to document lan- guages that are the most divergent from ones that are well-documented—in other words, those that belong to unrelated families. I have conducted a survey of the documentation of the language families of the world, and in this paper, I will list the least-documented ones. -
Abstract of Counting Systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania
Abstract of http://www.uog.ac.pg/glec/thesis/ch1web/ABSTRACT.htm Abstract of Counting Systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania by Glendon A. Lean In modern technological societies we take the existence of numbers and the act of counting for granted: they occur in most everyday activities. They are regarded as being sufficiently important to warrant their occupying a substantial part of the primary school curriculum. Most of us, however, would find it difficult to answer with any authority several basic questions about number and counting. For example, how and when did numbers arise in human cultures: are they relatively recent inventions or are they an ancient feature of language? Is counting an important part of all cultures or only of some? Do all cultures count in essentially the same ways? In English, for example, we use what is known as a base 10 counting system and this is true of other European languages. Indeed our view of counting and number tends to be very much a Eurocentric one and yet the large majority the languages spoken in the world - about 4500 - are not European in nature but are the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Pacific, Africa, and the Americas. If we take these into account we obtain a quite different picture of counting systems from that of the Eurocentric view. This study, which attempts to answer these questions, is the culmination of more than twenty years on the counting systems of the indigenous and largely unwritten languages of the Pacific region and it involved extensive fieldwork as well as the consultation of published and rare unpublished sources. -
A Grammar of Komnzo
A grammar of Komnzo Christian Döhler language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 22 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of marked-S languages. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake (Papua New Guinea). 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan languages and linguistics. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology. 14. Enfield, N. J. (ed.). Dependencies in language: On the causal ontology of linguistic systems. 15. Gutman, Ariel. Attributive constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic. 16. Bisang, Walter & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios. 17. Stenzel, Kristine & Bruna Franchetto (eds.). On this and other worlds: Voices from Amazonia. 18. Paggio, Patrizia and Albert Gatt (eds.). The languages of Malta. 19. Seržant, Ilja A. & Alena Witzlack-Makarevich (eds.). Diachrony of differential argument marking. 20. Hölzl, Andreas. A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond: An ecological perspective. 21. Riesberg, Sonja, Asako Shiohara & Atsuko Utsumi (eds.). Perspectives on information structure in Austronesian languages. 22. Döhler, Christian. A grammar of Komnzo. ISSN: 2363-5568 A grammar of Komnzo Christian Döhler language science press Döhler, Christian. -
Diversity of Banana Cultivars and Their Usages in the Papua New Guinea Lowlands: a Case Study Focusing on the Kalapua Subgroup
People and Culture in Oceania, 34: 55-78, 2018 Diversity of Banana Cultivars and their Usages in the Papua New Guinea Lowlands: A Case Study Focusing on the Kalapua Subgroup Shingo Odani,* Kaori Komatsu,** Kagari Shikata-Yasuoka,*** Yasuaki Sato,**** and Koichi Kitanishi***** The purpose of this study was to assess the diversity of banana cultivars and their usage in 3 lowland areas of Papua New Guinea, where bananas are a staple food. We focus on the kalapua subgroup, which is of genome group ABB. We found 3 subgroups of banana at the 3 research sites: the kalapua subgroup, a subgroup of cooking bananas other than kalapua, and a subgroup used as dessert bananas. We observed that kalapua subgroup cultivars and other subgroup cultivars are planted in separate gardens, likely because the growth rate and tolerance to climate differ between kalapua and other subgroup cultivars. A nutritional status assessment revealed that in the kalapua subgroup, nutrient levels, except for carbohydrates, are comparatively low. Thus, farmers classify and produce kalapua and other cultivars separately. Kalapua, which are known for their tolerance for both dry conditions and flooding, are cultivated as a sustainable energy supply. Other banana cultivars may be grown because of their nutritional composition, as a matter of preference, or as a means of cash income. Keywords: banana, Papua New Guinea, kalapua, taxonomy, farming system, nutrition 1. Introduction Plants of the genus Musa whose fruits are edible are generally called banana.1 Almost all bananas currently present originated from 2 wild species, Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. * Faculty of Letters, Chiba University, Japan. -
Bibliography of Geology and Geophysics of the Southwestern Pacific
UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC COMMITTEE FOR CO-ORDINATION OF JOINT PROSPECTING FOR MINERAL RESOURCES IN SOUTH PACIFIC OFFSHORE AREAS (CCOP/SOPAC) TECIThlJCAL BULLETIN No. 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS OF THE SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC Edited by CHRISTIAN JOUANNIC UNDP Marine Geologist, Technical Secretariat ofCCOPjSOPAC, Suva, Fiji and ROSE-MARIE THOMPSON NiZ. Oceanographic Institute. Wellington Ali communications relating to this and other publications of CCOP/SOPAC should he addressed to: Technical Secretariat of CCOP/SOPAC, cio Mineral Resources Department, Private Bag, Suva, Fiji. This publication should he referred to as u.N. ESCAP, CCOP/SOPAC Tech. Bull. 5 The designations employed and presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status ofany country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of the frontiers of any country or territory. Cataloguing in Publication BIBLIOGRAPHY of geology and geophysics of the southwestern Pacifie / edited by Christian Jouannic and Rose-Marie Thompson. - [2nd ed/]. - Suva: CCOP/SOPAC. 1983. (Technical bulletin / United Nations Economie and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacifie, Committee for Co-ordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in South Pacifie Offshore Areas, ISSN 0378-6447 : 5) ISBN 0-477-06729-8 1. Jouannic, Christian II. Thompson, Rose Marie III. Series UDC 016:55 (93/96) The publication of this 2nd Edition of the Bibliography of the Geology and Geophysics of the Southwestern Pacifie has been funded by the Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer (ORSTOM, 24 Rue Bayard, 75008 Paris, France) as a contri- bution by ORSTOM to the activities of CCOP/SOPAC. -
AMBAKICH [Aew]
Endangered languages listing: AMBAKICH [aew] Number of speakers: 770; Total population of language area: 1,964 (2003). Ambakich (also called Aion or Porapora) is a language spoken in the Angoram district of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. Ambakich is classified as one of the “Grass” languages (Laycock 1973); these languages are now regarded as members of the “Lower Sepik-Ramu” family (Foley 2005). Ambakich speakers mostly live in villages along the Porapora River, which flows northward into the Sepik River. One village (Yaut) is located on the Keram River, southwest of the other villages. Speakers call their language “Ambakich”, whereas “Aion” is the name of the ethnic group. The population in 2003 was probably greater than the 1,964 reported. The language has SOV structure. An SIL survey in 2003 (Potter et al, forthcoming) found that Ambakich has very low vitality. While most adults were able to speak Ambakich, both children and youth spoke and understood Tok Pisin far better than Ambakich. Ambakich speakers report positive attitudes toward their language, stating they value it as an important part of their culture. However, parents use more Tok Pisin than Ambakich when speaking to their children. Communities verbally support the use of Ambakich in schools and teacher attitudes are positive; however teachers feel that the children are not learning the language because it is not being used in the home. Tok Pisin is used in all domains, including home, cultural, religious, social, legal, trade and other interactions with outsiders. Ambakich speakers are close neighbours to the Taiap language studied by Kulick (1992). -
Languages with Longer Words Have More Lexical Change Søren
Languages with longer words have more lexical change Søren Wichmann and Eric W. Holman 1. Introduction: Aims and data1 The findings to be presented in this paper were not anticipated, but came about as an unexpected result of looking at how the application of a version of the Levenshtein distance to word lists compares with cognate counting. We were interested in the degree to which the two correlate. The results of this investigation are intrinsically interesting and will be presented in the following section 2, but even more interesting is our finding that differ- ences between counting cognates and measuring the Levenshtein distances vary as a function of average word lengths in the word lists compared. This observation will occupy the remainder of the paper, with section 3 devoted to establishing the sta tis tical significance of the observation across language families, while section 4 establishes the significance within language groups, and section 5 discusses competing explanations. First we briefly explain the specific version of the Levenshtein distance used and the concept of cognate identification. In numerous previous papers, beginning in Holman et al. (2008a), the present authors as well as other members of the network of scholars partici- pating in the project known as ASJP (or Automated Similarity Judgment Pro gram) have applied a computer-assisted comparison of word lists in order to derive a measure of differences among languages. Our method consists in comparing pairs of words to determine the Levenshtein distance, LD, which is defined as the number of substitutions, insertions, and deletions necessary to transform one word into another.