Marketing Fragment 6 X 10.Long.T65

Cambridge University Press 0521017475 - The Leper King and his Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem Bernard Hamilton Index More information

Index

Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad, 80 Alexius II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, al-Muqta®, 68 138, 148, 160, 174 al-Mustadi, 159 Alexius the protosebastus, 160 al-Nazir,159,171,184 Alfonso II, king of Aragon, 118 Abul' Khair, Baldwin IV's riding master, 28 Alice, princess of Antioch, 24, 41 Abu Shamah, historian, 17±18, 136 Alix of Lorraine, 140 Abu Sulayman Dawud, Baldwin IV's doctor, Almoravids of Majorca, 170 28, 251 Alwa, Nubian Christian kingdom of, 69 Acre, 46 n. 14, 53, 60, 119, 122, 127±8, 147, Amalric,kingofJerusalem,1,6,9,23±40, 192, 197, 203±4, 217±18, 223, 227, 243 43,45n.4,60,63±4,84±7,89±92, leprosaria, 257 95, 97, 107, 110, 116, 119±20, 125, 129, siege of (1189±91), 137, 196 n. 40, 231±2 149, 162, 173, 220, 249±51 Adam of St George of Labaene, 35 relations with Byzantium, 64±7, 111±13, Adela, queen of France, 30, 140, 149±50 127 Aden, 80, 182 relations with the kingdom of Sicily, 75±6, al-Adil, Saladin's brother, 87, 98, 141, 181, 81±2 183±4, 195, 201 relations with the Order of Assassins, 70±5 giraffe of, 202 Amalric of Nesle, Latin patriarch of al-Afdal, Saladin's son, 227±8 Jerusalem, 23, 35±6, 42, 114, 122, 133, Agnes of ChaÃtillon, queen of Hungary, 105 138±9, 144, 162 AgnesofCourtenay,2,9,23±6,33±4,84,89, Ambroise, Estoire de la guerre sainte,12 95±8,103±6,152±3,158,160,163, Andronicus Angelus, Byzantine envoy, 127, 167±8, 188, 194, 214 n. 17, 218 n. 31, 129±30 220, 239, 249 Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, Agnes of France, Byzantine empress, 148 91±2,173±4,211 Agnes of Milly, 106 Anna Comnena, historian, 66 n. 11 Aidhab, 79, 182 Antioch, city of, 20, 130, 137, 166, 230 Aimery of Limoges, Latin patriarch of St Paul's monastery, 188 Antioch, 104, 111, 144, 149, 165±7, Antioch, Latin patriarchate of, 47 238±9 Antioch, Orthodox patriarchate of, 149, 166 Aimery of Lusignan, 13, 15, 25, 29, 84, 91, Antioch, principality of, 14, 22, 40±1, 44, 50, 97±8,152±3,157,167,190,218,232 52, 55±6, 63, 65, 67, 69±70, 76, 107, Ajlun, castle of, 225 133, 148, 188, 229, 232 Alberic, hermit, his care for lepers, 256 Black Mountain, 229 Aleppo, 24, 53, 88, 98±9, 103±5, 107, 137, Aqaba, gulf of, 180, 182±3 170±1, 177, 184, 187±8, 202, 229, 238 al-Arish, 134, 136 Alexander III, Pope, 14, 24 n. 5, 25 n. 15, 26, Armenian Church, 49±50 64, 75, 101±2, 110, 115, 117±18, Arnold of LuÈbeck, chronicler, 11, 217, 220±1, 139±40,149,164,242 224 encyclical, Cor nostrum,164,199 Arnold of Toroja, master of the Templars, Alexandria, 87±8, 116, 182±3 163±6, 169, 191, 197, 201, 212

280

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521017475 - The Leper King and his Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem Bernard Hamilton Index More information

Index 281

Arnulf, patriarch of Jerusalem, 163 supports Prince Reynald's Red Sea Artuqids campaign, 178±80 of Hisn Kaifa and Amida, 68, 102±3, 116, appoints Guy of Lusignan regent, 188±92 184, 201 resumes power and crowns Baldwin V of Mardin and Mayyafariqin, 68, 102±3, co-king, 193±5 116,176,184,201 relieves the siege of Kerak, 195±6 Ascalon,57,118,122,134,175,196±8 his last years, 197±204 Asebebe, lordship of, 77 appoints Raymond of Tripoli regent, Assassins, Order of, 70±5, 81 n. 82, 107±8 205±9 grand masters his death, 210 Hassan 11, 72 general Muhammad 11, 72±3 his character Persian headquarters (Alamut), 70, 81 love of riding, 28, 43, 108, 209 n. 82 relations with his mother, 26, 95±6, 105, reverence for Jesus, 73 163, 167, 188, 194 Syrian headquarters (Masyaf ), 70, 107±8 religious practice, 243 Syrian master, Rashid ad-Din Sinan, 72±4, sense of honour, 243 81 n. 82, 108 sexuality, 109, 242, 255 Assise sur la ligeÁce, 60, 168, 197 hisleadershipinwar,107±8,143,146, Assises d'Antioche,16 175±9, 209, 235, 240±1, 243 Aswan, 69, 87±8 his leprosy, 27±30, 38, 41, 100±1, 108, 110, Athanasius, Orthodox patriarch of Antioch, 118±19, 122±3, 152, 160, 164, 169, 178, 113 187, 192, 196, 204±5, 241±2, 249±53, Azaz, castle of, 105 257 Azerbaijan, 68, 184, 211, 215±16 his policies Azrak, castle of, 78, 172 choice of ministers, 239±40 international relations Baalbek, 142 with Byzantium, 111±17, 127±31, 138, Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad, Saladin's 148±9,159±60,170,172,174 biographer, 17, 88 with England, 156±7 Baldwin I, king of Jerusalem, 39, 120 with France, 139±41 Baldwin II, king of Jerusalem, 33, 39±41, 57 BaldwinV,kingofJerusalem,4,12±13,54,84 n.69,120,139,217n.30 n. 2, 86, n. 16, 139, 148, 217±18, 240 Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem, 23, 25, 30, 35, co-ruler with Baldwin IV,194±5, 205±9 37, 39, 45 n. 4, 62, 65, 84 n. 2, 103, sole ruler, 214±16 133, 163, 173±4, 249 Baldwin of BeÂthune, count of AumaÃle, 126 BaldwinIV,kingofJerusalem,1,5±6,8,21, Baldwin of ChaÃtillon,40±1,89,112,115 44,48,55±7,59±60,62,69,75,121, Baldwin IX of Flanders, 124 139, 147, 160±3, 167±9, 211, 218, 220, Baldwin of Ibelin, 1±2, 35, 89, 95, 97±8, 238 125±6, 134, 139, 143, 152±8, 160, 188, chronology 190, 194, 218, 222±3 childhood, 23±32, 43, 249±51 BalianofIbelin,2,7,9,35,89,95,97,134, election as king, 32±41 139, 158, 188, 190, 194, 203, 208±9, coronation, 41±2 217±18,223,227±8,231±2 minority, 84±108, 119±20 Balian of Jaffa, 86, 89±90 assumes sole rule, 105±8 Banias (Caesarea Philippi), 31, 77, 82±3, 143, appoints Reynald of ChaÃtillon regent, 118, 161, 177, 235 123 Bartholomew, hermit, his care for lepers, 256 relations with Philip of Flanders, 122±31 Beatrice Brisebarre, 92 victory at Mont Gisard, 133±6 Beatrice, countess of Edessa, 24±5, 50 n. 32 marries Sibyl to Guy of Lusignan, 151±8 Beduin,79±80,136,143,170,198,204 makes truce with Saladin (1180±2), 159 Beirut,35,46n.14,76,91,143,162,173, mediates at Antioch, 164±6 175±6, 207, 217, 235 victory at Le Forbelet, 174±5 Beka'avalley,100,107,175 allies with Mosul, 177 Bela III of Hungary, 105

282 Index

Benjamin of Tudela, Itinerary of21,65n.7,76 Fourth, 126 Bernard, bishop of Lydda, vicar of the Fifth, 124 patriarch of Jerusalem, 200, 202 Cursat, castle of, 165 Bernard Brisebarre, 91±2 Cyprus, 64, 104, 112, 114, 232 Bernard the Treasurer, see Ernoul, Chronicle of Cyrenaica, 80, 147 Bethany, convent of, 26, 31, 40, 119 Yveta,abbess,26,217n.30 Damascus, 53, 77±8, 87, 93±4, 98±100, 102, Bethlehem, Latin bishopric of, 134, 144, 165±6 105, 107±8, 111, 116±17, 124, 128, 132, Church of the Holy Nativity, 67 138, 142±3, 145, 170±3, 177, 179, Bethsan, 174, 190 188±90,192,195±6,203,211,216, al-Bira, 176 222, 225±6, 234, 238 Blanchegarde, 35, 52 n. 40, 91±2 Damietta,116,124,172 Bohemond III, prince of Antioch, 38, 40±1, Danishmendids, 68 56, 65±6, 89, 103±4, 114±15, 128, Darum, 32, 46 n. 14, 175, 198, 204 130±2, 136±7, 142 n. 61, 149, 151±2, Druzes, 76±7 154±5, 157±8, 164±6, 177, 188, 191, 194, 209, 223, 229, 232 Edessa, county of, 24, 26, 63, 177 Bohemond, count of Tripoli, 232 Edward the Confessor, canonisation of, 243 Bosra, 78, 177±9, 226 Eilat, 78 n. 67, 79, 141, 170±2, 179±82 Botrun, 146±7 Eleanor of Aquitaine, 30, 157 Buhturid emirs of the Gharb, 76 Elizabeth (Isabel) of Caesarea, 125±6 Burchard of MonthleÂry, 23 Ernesius, archbishop of Caesarea, 36, 96 Byzantine empire, 17 n. 36, 37, 44, 50, 63±4, Ernoul, 7±9, 11, 228 and n. 69 66,70,102,115,131 Chronicle of,3±5,6±9,25,95±6,125±6, Byzantine Orthodox Christians in the 133, 152±4, 157, 162±3, 171, 179, 190, Crusader States, 49±50 192, 195, 201±3, 205, 235 Eschatological prophecy of 1186, 223 Caesarea, Latin archbishopric of, 47, 165±6, Eschiva II, princess of Galilee, 94 179 Eudes III of Burgundy, 140, 144±5, 150 Cairo,78,82,116±17,136,170±2,183,196, Eustace III, count of Boulogne, 39, 120 222±5 Eustace Grenier of Sidon, 98±9 Camels, use of in warfare, 78, 171 Eustathius of Thessalonica, 20±1 Cast de Murols, master of the Hospitallers, 37 Chastelneuf, 77, 141, 161±2 al-Fadil, Saladin's secretary, 17±18, 180, 182, Chastiaudouroy,lordshipof,106 225 Christian of Mainz, imperial chancellor, 148 Farrukh-Shah, 32, 143, 170±1, 173, 177 Chronicle of 1234,19±20 Fatimid caliphate of Egypt, 57, 63, 67 n. 15, Cilicia,22,50,67,69±70,231 79±81, 251 Conon of BeÂthune, lord of Adrianople, 126 support for during Saladin's reign, 81, Conrad III, western emperor-elect, 101 87±8 Conrad of Montferrat, 13, 108, 148, 156 Flanders, 120, 122±4 Constance, princess of Antioch, 104 Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Constantine Coloman, governor of Emperor,64,82,80,101±2,106, Byzantine Cilicia, 70 109±10, 112, 115±16, 118, 138, 148, Constantinople, 27, 50, 65±6, 68, 82, 86, 111, 212, 231 113±14, 116, 130±1, 137±9, 147±8, Frederick de la Roche, archbishop of Tyre, 152±3,159±60 30±1, 36, 64, 75, 90 n. 37, 96 Latin massacre at (1182), 173±6, 238 Fulcher, Latin patriarch of Jerusalem, 25 Constantinus Africanus, 246 Fulk V of Anjou, king of Jerusalem, 29±30, Coptic Church, 51, 69 39±40, 62, 213 Cresson, Springs of, battle at (1187), 228±9 Crusades Galilee, principality of, 162, 168, 172±3, 178, First, 31, 42, 69, 243 223 Second, 97, 101, 104, 124, 214±15 Genoa, republic of, 14, 52±3, 109±10, 116, Third, 9, 108, 137, 156, 231±2 189

Index 283

Geoffrey Plantagenet, 90 Hethum I, king of Cilicia, 20 Georgia, kingdom of, 68 Hildegard, St, abbess of Bingen, 119 Gerard of Nazareth, 256 Hippocrates, writings of, 27, 246 Gerard of Pugi, marshal and chamberlain of History of the Patriarchs of the Egyptian Church,19 Jerusalem, 33, 146 n. 85 Hodierna, countess of Tripoli, 24, 141, 217 Gerard of Ridefort, master of the Templars, n. 30 2, 4, 146±7, 202, 214, 218, 223, 227±8, Holy Cross, relic of, 134, 146, 174, 234 229±31 Homs, 93, 98±9 Gerard, lord of Sidon, 33±4 Hospitallers (military Order of Knights Gilbert d'Assailly, master of the Hospitallers, Hospitaller), 1, 14±15, 56±7, 61, 93, 37, 130 99, 111, 130, 132, 158, 206, 229, 231 Gisors, peace of, 150 castles Godfrey of Bouillon, 8, 39, 120 Belvoir, 56, 203 Gormond, lord of Bethsan, 35 Bethgibelin, 56 Gregory IV, Armenian catholicus, 239 Crac des Chevaliers, 56, 99 Gregory Abul'Faraj (Bar Hebraeus), scholar, hospital in Jerusalem, 56, 118, 121, 135±6, 19 237, 256 Guiragos of Kantzag, historian, 20 lordship of Afamiyah, 56 Gumushtekin, regent of Aleppo, 98±9, 103, priory of Clerkenwell, 213 105, 132 Hromgla, seat of the Armenian catholicus, 50 Guy Brisebarre, 91±3 Hugh, St, abbot of Cluny, 104 Guy, lord of Caesarea, 34±5 Hugh Beauchamp, crusader, 215 Guy of Lusignan, 2, 4, 12±13, 160±1, 162 Hugh III, duke of Burgundy, 30, 139±41, n. 16, 167, 169, 195±8, 200, 204±5, 144±5, 147±±8, 150±4, 157, 197, 240 209, 214±18, 231, 243 Hugh Eteriano, theologian, 111 chronology Hugh Grenier of Caesarea, 125 marriage to Sibyl of Jerusalem, 151±8, 240 Hugh of Ibelin, 25±6, 33±4, 89, 95 regent for Baldwin IV, 188±94, 240 Hugh de Lacey, earl of Meath, 121 king of Jerusalem, 220±30 Hugh VI of Lusignan, 97 lord of Cyprus, 232 Hugh VII of Lusignan, 97 Hugh VIII of Lusignan, 97, 152 al-Habis Jaldak, cave-fortress of, 78, 173, Hugh of St Omer, 94, 134, 143, 156 n. 120, 177±8 168, 218 Hadrian IV,pope, 82 Humphrey II of Toron, constable of Haj to Mecca, 78±9, 171, 181±3, 185 Jerusalem, 33, 45 n. 4, 86, 88, 94, Hama, 107, 132±3, 170 97±100,106,108,133,141,143,239 Harim, 67, 76, 88, 97, 103, 132±3, 137, 141 Humphrey III of Toron, 92 Harran,177,184,215 Humphrey IV of Toron, 31 n. 47, 126, 156 Hattin, battle of (1187), 1, 12, 15, 153, 225, n. 120, 161±2, 167, 190, 192, 194, 218, 229±30, 235, 239 232 Hebron, 117, 141, 180, 196 Husam al-Din Lulu, 183 Helena of Milly, 91±2 Helvis of Ibelin, 218 n. 31 Ibn Abi Tayy, historian, 17, 105, 145 Henry II, king of England, 75, 90, 97, 120±1, Ibn al-Athir, historian, 18, 143, 165, 180, 217, 126±7, 150, 156±7, 169, 186, 212±13, 224±6, 228 229 Ibn Jubayr of Granada, 18, 58, 60, 77, 79, Henry, `the young king' of England, 75, 120 182, 203, 207, 238 Henry the Buffalo, 30, 106, 143 n. 70 Ibn al-Muqaddam, 82±3, 177, 179 Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, 11 Ida of Flanders, 120±1 Henry of Troyes, 145, 150±1 Ile de Graye, see Pharoah's Island, castle of Heraclius, Latin patriarch of Jerusalem, 2, Imad al-Din al-Isfahani, Saladin's secretary, 4±5, 25, 96±7, 144, 162±3, 165±6, 17, 101, 183, 188, 225, 241 177, 188, 195±7, 201, 205, 215, 218±20, Imad ad-Din Zengi, 102±3, 177, 187 222, 231, 239 Inab, battle of (1149), 24 mission to the West, 212±14 Innocent III, Pope, 167

284 Index

Isabel of Jerusalem, sister of Baldwin IV,2, High Court, 23, 25±6, 30±42, 46, 61, 84, 31, 40, 126, 139, 192, 194, 207, 209, 217 88±90,93±5,101±2,110,122±3, n.30,218,221±2 125±6, 129, 137, 140, 153, 155, 168, married to Humphrey IV of Toron, 161±2, 187±9, 197, 205±7, 209, 220, 223, 227, 232 240 queen of Jerusalem, 232 Italian communities in, 52±3 Isabel of Toron, 167, 239 military organisation, 45, 54±7, 133 Itinerarium Regis Ricardi,12±13,161 arrieÁre ban,55,134±5 Izz ad-Din of Mosul, 169±71, 177, 181, 184, noblewomen, legal rights of, 60±1 187, 211, 215±16 non-Christian inhabitants, 49, 58±9 Izz ad-Din Usama, 225 population size, 47 powers of crown, 59±62 Jabal 'Auf ( Jerash), 78 royal chancery, 13, 45, 95 Jabala, Latin bishopric of, 144 rural society, 51±2 Jacobite Church, see Syrian Orthodox Church sugar manufacturing, 53 Jaffa,134,197,214 urban life, 52±3 Jaffa and Ascalon, county of, 26 n. 22, 46 Jerusalem, Latin patriarchate of, 47 n. 14, 110, 197 Jerusalem, Orthodox patriarchate of, 47 James of Vitry, bishop of Acre, 57 n. 67, 72 Jews in the Latin East, 49, 51±2, 58±9 n. 40, 224 Jihad, 63, 224, 226 Jedda, 79, 182 Jobert, master of the Hospitallers, 37, 88, Jeremias al-Amshitti, Maronite patriarch, 97±8, 111, 122, 130 167 John of Arsuf, 35 Jerusalem, city of, 3, 12±13, 16 n. 36, 41±2, John of Brienne, 124 46, 81, 105, 117, 122, 127, 129, 134, John Cinnamus, historian, 20, 112 136±7, 153, 156±7, 161, 172, 192, 194, John of Ibelin, Livre des Assises, 15, 54, 84±5 199, 204, 209, 217±18, 224, 227, John of Joinville, 243 233±4, 238, 251 John Phocas, pilgrim, 21 al-Aqsa mosque, 63, 100 John the protovestiarius, 114 Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 14, 42, 47, Joscelin II of Courtenay, 24 52, 67, 138, 194, 208, 210, 218 Joscelin III of Courtenay, seneschal of keys, 213 Jerusalem, 1, 24, 25 n. 13, 103±6, 134, Latin canons, 162, 174 158±60, 162 n. 16, 167, 188, 194, Orthodox canons, 138 203±4, 206, 214, 216±18, 224, 232, priors, 144, 165 239 leprosarium, 256 Joscius, bishop of Acre, 36±7, 140, 144 Our Lady of Josaphat, 14 archbishop of Tyre, 200, 227 Our Lady of Sion, 48, 144, 165, 199, 237 Cenaculum at, 237 Kamal ad-Din, historian of Aleppo, 18, 108, Templar headquarters, 208 215, 224, 228 Tower of David, 134, 195, 213 Kerak, castle of, 70, 80, 116, 161, 172, 179±80, Jerusalem, Kingdom of, 44±62, 119, 128, 148, 183, 192±3, 195±6, 199, 201±3, 173 226±7, 230±1, 235, 241 administration of justice, 46 Khwarazm Shahs, 68 banner of the kingdom, 213 Kilij-Arslan II, sultan of Iconium, 67±8, 112, Catholic Church in, 47, 61, 235±8 115, 145, 150, 159, 169±70 commercial relations, 52±4, 59±60, 238 Knights of St John, see Hospitallers (military crown vassals, 46 Order of Knights Hospitaller) curia generalis, 61, 122, 172, 186±7, 197±8 Kurds of Mardin, 215 eastern Christians in, 49±52, 58±9, 238±9 La Burie, 173 ®nancial administration, 45, 59±60 La Palmerie, 196 general tax (1183), 186±7, 238 Latakia, 166, 229 Frankish burgesses, 47±9, 61, 186 Latin empire of Constantinople, 124, 126 Frankish society, 57±8 La Tubanie, 190±1, 194, 230

Index 285

Le Forbelet, battle of (1182), 174±6, 235 Maria Brisebarre, 91 Legnano, battle of (1176), 109 Maria Comnena, queen of Jerusalem, 2, 9, Leontius II, Orthodox patriarch of 25, 27, 31, 35±6, 66, 84, 95, 113±14, Jerusalem, 21, 113±14, 127, 138±9 129, 249 Leprosy wife of Balian of Ibelin, 139, 158, 160±1, attitudes towards in the Latin East, 28±9, 192, 203, 209, 234 257 Maria, daughter of Manuel I Comnenus, 82, medieval western attitudes towards, 245 148, 174 Near Eastern archaeological evidence Marj Uyun, 77 about, 253 battle of (1179), 143, 145, 235 theological views about, 241±2, 246 Maron, ®ef of, 162 n. 16 Alexander III's opinion, 164 Maronite Church, 49, 51 Christ as leper, 241±2 historians of, 19 treatment in the Crusader States, 253±8 union with Rome, 166±7, 238 use of `saracenic ointment', 255 Mary, see Maria varieties of, 247±9 Matthew of Flanders, 120 lepromatous, 248 Mecca, 181±4 tuberculoid, 247±8 Medina, 182±4 subtypes, 248 Melisende, queen of Jerusalem, 24, 39±40, Letard II, archbishop of Nazareth, 36 62,139,163,217n.30 Lettres dou Sepulcre, myth of, 46 n. 12 Melisende of Tripoli, 102 Libellus de Expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Michael the Syrian, Syrian Orthodox Saladinum, 11±12, 227±8 patriarch of Antioch and historian, Libya, 75, 147 19,132,165,238±9 Les Lignages d'Outremer,16,25,91 Miles of Plancy, seneschal of Jerusalem, Livre au roi,15,29,60,84,256±7 32±3,45n.4,84±93,97,117 Livre des Assises de la cour des bourgeois,257 Mirabel, 35, 134, 223 Lombard League, 64, 109, 115, 118 Mleh, prince of Cilicia, 70, 103 Louis VII, king of France, 24, 30, 66, 75, 97, Montfort, lordship of, 106 101, 104, 110, 121, 123, 127, 129, Mont Gisard, battle of (1177), 135±6, 141±2, 139±41, 144±5, 148±9, 186, 240 191, 235, 243±4 Louis IX, St, king of France, 72, 243 abbey of St Catherine in campo belli,136, Lucius III, Pope, 164, 212, 239 243 encyclical, Cum cuncti praedecessores,212 MonthleÂry, family of, 33 Lydda, Latin bishopric of, 32 n. 50, 134, 136 MontreÂal, castle of, 78, 80, 172, 229, 231 MontreÂal and Kerak, lordship of, 78, 117, Ma'an, 78, 172 162, 171, 180, 190 al-Majusi, 246 Morocco, Almohad caliphate of, 80 Makouria, Nubian Christian kingdom of, 69, Mosul, 18, 99, 177, 179, 181, 184, 215±16, 226 80 Mount Hermon, 77 Mangujakids of Erzinjan, 68 Mountjoy, military Order of, 117±18 Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, Mount Tabor, Latin monastery of, 36, 173, 20±1,24,27,31,41,64±8,70,82,101, 188, 190±1 104±5, 111, 114±15, 118, 121, 124, 129, Orthodox monastery of, 191 137±8, 148±50, 152, 159±60, 173, 188 Muslim attitude to crusaders, 16±17 n. 12 Muslims in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 49, projected naval attack on Egypt, 112±13, 51±2, 57±8 127±30 Myriocephalum, battle of (1176), 113, 115 protector of the Holy Places, 67 suzerain of the Crusader States, 65±6, 102, Nablus, 46 n. 14, 95, 129, 139, 161, 163, 203, 113±15, 127, 138±9, 148±9, 165 217, 219±22, 227 al-Maqrizi, historian of Egypt, 18, 170 Church council of (1120), 57 n. 68 Marash, 70 Nazareth,138,188,191,227 Maria of Antioch, Byzantine empress, 65, archbishopric, 32 n. 50, 36, 47, 228 102, 105, 112, 160, 165, 170, 173±4 cathedral, 236±7

286 Index

Nerses of Lampron, Armenian archbishop of Ralph de Diceto, chronicler, 12, 221 Tarsus, 237±8 Ralph of Domfront, Latin patriarch of translator of the Rituale Romanum,239 Antioch,201n.58 Nicetas Choniates, historian, 21 Ralph of MauleÂon, 187 Nisibin, 177, 187 Ralph of St Omer, 94 Nizarite Ismailis, see Assassins, Order of Ramla, 134, 223 Nottingham, 212 Ras al-Ma', 226 Nur ad-Din, atabeg ofDamascus,1,17,24,63, Raymond of Poitiers, prince of Antioch, 104 66±8, 70, 72, 74, 76±8, 80±3, 88, RaymondIII,countofTripoli,1±2,4,6,38, 92±3, 97±8, 103±11, 133, 173±4, 177, 40±1, 85, 88±90, 107, 113, 118, 128, 216, 235 130±3, 136±7, 139, 142±3, 146±7, 159, 162, 165±9, 172±3, 177, 179, 188, 191, Odo of St Amand, master of the Templars, 194±6, 198, 203±4, 217±18, 220±2, 37±8, 73±4, 88, 94, 97, 122, 131, 133, 226, 230±1, 239, 241, 243 141±3, 145 antipathy to Byzantium, 102 Odo of St Omer, 94 attempted coup d'eÂtat, 151±2, 154±8 Orgueilleuse of Harim, princess of Antioch, ®rst regency, 93±106 114 second regency, 205±9, 211, 214±16 Ousama Ibn Mounkidh, 253±4 treasonable relations with Saladin, 223, 227±9 Palermo, 78, 87, 112, 170 Reading, 212 ± 13 Papal legates, 26, 124, 169 RedSea,180±4 Paris, 212 Reynald of ChaÃtillon, prince of Antioch, lord Pascha dei Rivieri, `madame la of MontreÂal and Hebron, 1, 4, 7, 78 patriarchesse', 4 n.68,103,105,124,141,158,161, Patmos, 114 165±6, 188, 205, 217±18, 220±1, Patrick, earl of Salisbury, 157 225±6, 230±1, 239 Peter, archdeacon of Lydda, chancellor of ambassador to Constantinople, 111±17, 127 Jerusalem, 199, 214, 218 attack on Tarbuk, 170±2 Peter, bishop-elect of Cambrai, later count of commander at Mont Gisard, 133±6, 191 Nevers, 90, 119, 121 defender of Kerak, 192±6, 201±3, 227 Peter of Courtenay, brother of Louis VII of Red Sea campaign, 179±85, 192, 235 France, 24, 145, 150, 154 regentforBaldwinIV,118,122±3,125,160 Peter, Maronite patriarch, 166±7 andn.10,189 Petra, Latin archbishopric of, 47 ruler of Antioch, 104±5 Pharoah's island, castle of, 79, 182±3 Reynald, lord of Marash, 24 Philip II Augustus, king of France, 121, Reynald Masuer, lord of al-Marqab, 165 149±50,156,169,212±3,232 Reynald, lord of Sidon, 33±4, 59 n. 75, 95, Philip, bishop-elect of Cambrai, 145 134, 143, 158, 188, 194, 218 and n. 31, Philip,countofFlanders,7,75,90,149,169 227, 231±2 crusade of (1177), 119±33, 136±8 RichardI,kingofEngland,12±13,108,126, Philip of Milly (of Nablus), master of the 156, 232 Templars, 37, 79 n. 70, 91 Richendis of Bethsan, 125 Philippa of Antioch, 173 Robert V, advocate of BeÂthune, 126, 129 Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, 47, 69, 190 Robert of BeÂthune, Robert V's son, 126±7 Pisa, republic of, 14, 52±3, 175±6, 189 Rodrigo Alvarez, count of Sarria, 117±18 Pleban of Botrun, 146±7 Roger of Howden, historian, 12±13, 157, 222 Roger des Moulins, master of the Qalat Guindi, castle of, 78 n. 67, 141, 180±1 Hospitallers, 130, 132, 165±6, 191, 197, Qasr Ibrim, 69, 80 201, 212, 218, 220, 222, 227±8, 237 Qutybad-Din Mawdud of Mosul, 63 Roger of Wendover, chronicler, 221 Rohard of Jaffa, 85±6, 89, 97 Rabigh, 182 Rupen II, prince of Cilicia, 70 Rainier of Milly, 92 n. 47 Rupen III, prince of Cilicia, 103, 166±7, 177, Rainier of Montferrat, 148, 174 188, 211, 239

Index 287

Saffuriya, 174±5, 188, 190, 229 Mount Sinai monastery, 79 Saif ad-Din, ruler of Mosul, 82, 98±9, 102±3 Sinjar, 99, 102, 187 St Elias, castle of, 214 Smbat the constable, Armenian historian, St George, appearance of, 136 20 St Lazarus, military Order of, 14, 29, 39, 242, Stephanie of Milly, lady of MontreÂal, 33, 92, 256±7 94,117,161,192,221 Saladin, sultan of Egypt, 1, 3±4, 7, 12±13, Stephen, count of Sancerre, 30±1, 110, 186 17±19, 32, 59, 63, 69, 75±6, 79±83, Stephen of Tournai, 96 87±8, 99±103, 105±8, 111, 113±17, Syrian Orthodox Church, 49±51, 238±9 128, 131, 138, 141, 143, 145±7, 152±3, 155, 158±9, 162, 165, 168±9, 170±85, Taj al-Muluk Buri, Saladin's brother, 172 189±90, 204±5, 211, 222±7, 232, Taqi ad-Din, Saladin's nephew, 170±1, 196, 234±5, 237±9, 243±5 201±2,215,222,229 chronology Tarbuk,170±1,179±80 abolishes the Fatimid caliphate, 80 Tarsus, 188 annexes Damascus, 93±4, 98 TeõÈma, oasis of, 171 renounces the overlordship of as-Salih, 99 Tell al-Sultan, battle of (1176), 103 is defeated at Mont Gisard, 133±6, 142 Templars (military Order of Knights conquers Aleppo, 187±8 Templar), 1, 14±15, 38, 56±7, 61, 69, besieges Kerak, 192±6, 201±3 72±4, 76, 117, 131±3, 135, 142, 145±6, subdues Mosul, 215±16 158, 169, 206, 214, 217, 229, 231, 256 conquers much of the Crusader States, castles 229±31 Ahamant, 56, 78 waratsea,116,147,159,175,183,235 Caco, 227 as-Salih, prince of Aleppo, 82, 93, 98±9, 170 Chastel Blanc (Sa®ta), 56 Saltakids of Erzerum, 68 La FeÂve,7,56,190,227±8 Samaritans in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 49, Le Chastellet, 142, 145±7, 235 203 Safad, 56 Saone, castle of, 24 lordships Sebastea, Latin bishopric of, 144, 203 Amanus Mountains, march of, 44, 56, Senlis, colloquy of, 169 69±70 Shah Arman of Akhlat, 68, 184, 211, 215 Gaza,46n.13,56,134,141,175 Shaizar, 124 Tortosa, 56, 72±4, 159 Sharaf al-Din Qaragush, 80 Terre de SueÁte, 77 Shirkuh, Saladin's uncle, 63, 79, 107, 145 Teutonic Order, 14 Sibyl, countess of Flanders, 90, 119 Theobald of Blois, 121, 149 Sibyl of Jerusalem, sister of Baldwin IV,1±2, Theodora Comnena, princess of Antioch, 24,26,30±1,34,39±41,89,101,106, 114±15, 164±6, 188 n. 12 125±6, 167, 194±7, 207, 231±2, 240 Theodora Comnena, queen of Jerusalem, chronology 173±4 marriage to William of Montferrat, Theodore bar-Wahboun, 239 109±10, 118 Theodosius Goudelis, biographer of betrothal to Hugh III of Burgundy, Leontius II, 21, 113±14 139±41, 147±8 Thierry, count of Flanders, 90, 119, 122, 124, marriage to Guy of Lusignan, 151±8 133 election as queen of Jerusalem, 217±21 Third Lateran Council (1179), 140, 144, 164 Sibyl, princess of Antioch, 164±6 Thomas Becket, St, archbishop of Sicard of Cremona, chronicler, 110, 244 Canterbury, 75, 121 Sicily, kingdom of, 64, 82, 112, 115±16, 138, Thomas of Ibelin, 125, 126 n. 71, 223 174 Thoros II, prince of Cilicia, 70 attack on Alexandria, 87±8, 112 Tiberias, 32, 146, 190, 217, 223±4, 227±8 attacks on Tinnis, 102, 112, 141 Tinnis,102,116,141 Sidon, 53, 76±7, 143, 162 Toghril II, Seljuk sultan, 68 Sinaipeninsula,44,78n.67,79,180±2,202, Toron, lordship of, 161±2, 167 204 Tripoli, city of, 99, 196 n. 40, 230±1

288 Index

Tripoli, county of, 14, 22, 40±1, 44, 52, 55±6, William V, marquis of Montferrat, 101, 148, 63,67,89,95106,132,188n.14,200, 214, 217±18 229, 232 William of Newburgh, historian, 13, 72, 131, Tripoli, Latin bishopric of, 144 146, 216 Tripoli in Libya, 80 William, archbishop of Rheims, 149 Turan-Shah, Saladin's brother, 6, 80, 107±8, William of St Omer, 94, 134 116,128,169n.171 William I of Scotland, 75 Turkmen war (1185±7), 215, 229 William II of Sicily, 75, 81±3, 101, 110, 112, Tyre, 46 n. 14, 52, 73, 143, 175±6, 179, 192, 116, 118, 169±70 194, 230, 232 William, archbishop of Tyre, chancellor of Latin archbishopric of, 47, 200 Jerusalem,1±2,5±7,27,38,43,86, Tyron, cave fortress of, 76, 177 94±6, 122, 144, 147±50, 162±3 his date of death, 199±201 Urban III, Pope, 229 works encyclical, Dum attendimus, 229 Chronicle,3,5±9,32,34,36,74,85±6, 89±90, 93±5, 100, 104, 108±10, 112, Vartan the Great, historian, 20 118, 122±6, 128±31, 133, 135, 139, Venice, Peace of (1177), 115, 118, 148 150±2, 161±2, 165±6, 168, 173±5, 179, Venice, republic of, 14, 52±3, 115, 138, 189 187±91,193±5,197±8,205,240±1, Victor IV,antipope, 64 249±52, 255, 257 Latin Continuation,12±13,207,211,215, Walter III Brisebarre, 35, 91±3 217, 220 Walter of Caesarea, 188 Old French translation and Walter of Mesnil, Templar knight, 73 continuations, L'estoire de Eracles Walter of St Omer, prince of Galilee, 33 n. empereur, 4, 9±11, 85 162±3, 199, 201, 56 204±6, 208, 217±18, 220±1, 223, 225, William of BeÂthune, 126 228 William Dorel, lord of Botrun, 147 William of Valence, 244±5 William Longsword of Montferrat, 101, 109±100, 117±18, 122, 139, 158, 194, Yemen, 80, 172 n. 64, 181 240 Yves Le Breton, Dominican scholar, 73 William de Mandeville, earl of Essex, 121, 126 Zarin, 203