Bishop of Ascalon
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Planning and Injustice in Tel-Aviv/Jaffa Urban Segregation in Tel-Aviv’S First Decades
Planning and Injustice in Tel-Aviv/Jaffa Urban Segregation in Tel-Aviv’s First Decades Rotem Erez June 7th, 2016 Supervisor: Dr. Stefan Kipfer A Major Paper submitted to the Faculty of Environmental Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Environmental Studies, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Student Signature: _____________________ Supervisor Signature:_____________________ Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Table of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract .............................................................................................................................................4 Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................6 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................9 Chapter 1: A Comparative Study of the Early Years of Colonial Casablanca and Tel-Aviv ..................... 19 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Historical Background ............................................................................................................................ -
Marketing Fragment 6 X 10.Long.T65
Cambridge University Press 0521017475 - The Leper King and his Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem Bernard Hamilton Index More information Index Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad, 80 Alexius II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, al-Muqta®, 68 138, 148, 160, 174 al-Mustadi, 159 Alexius the protosebastus, 160 al-Nazir,159,171,184 Alfonso II, king of Aragon, 118 Abul' Khair, Baldwin IV's riding master, 28 Alice, princess of Antioch, 24, 41 Abu Shamah, historian, 17±18, 136 Alix of Lorraine, 140 Abu Sulayman Dawud, Baldwin IV's doctor, Almoravids of Majorca, 170 28, 251 Alwa, Nubian Christian kingdom of, 69 Acre, 46 n. 14, 53, 60, 119, 122, 127±8, 147, Amalric,kingofJerusalem,1,6,9,23±40, 192, 197, 203±4, 217±18, 223, 227, 243 43,45n.4,60,63±4,84±7,89±92, leprosaria, 257 95, 97, 107, 110, 116, 119±20, 125, 129, siege of (1189±91), 137, 196 n. 40, 231±2 149, 162, 173, 220, 249±51 Adam of St George of Labaene, 35 relations with Byzantium, 64±7, 111±13, Adela, queen of France, 30, 140, 149±50 127 Aden, 80, 182 relations with the kingdom of Sicily, 75±6, al-Adil, Saladin's brother, 87, 98, 141, 181, 81±2 183±4, 195, 201 relations with the Order of Assassins, 70±5 giraffe of, 202 Amalric of Nesle, Latin patriarch of al-Afdal, Saladin's son, 227±8 Jerusalem, 23, 35±6, 42, 114, 122, 133, Agnes of ChaÃtillon, queen of Hungary, 105 138±9, 144, 162 AgnesofCourtenay,2,9,23±6,33±4,84,89, Ambroise, Estoire de la guerre sainte,12 95±8,103±6,152±3,158,160,163, Andronicus Angelus, Byzantine envoy, 127, 167±8, 188, 194, 214 n. -
The Third Crusade
Zurich Model United Nations THE THIRD CRUSADE Joint Cabinet Crisis – ZuMUN 2018 APRIL 19, 2018 ZUMUN 2018 DIRECTED BY – SULTAN KAZI Visit us at www.zumun.ch, [email protected] or find us on facebook.com/ZurichMUN Post address: Zurich Model United Nations, c/o VSETH, Universitätstrasse 6, 8092 Zurich ZuMUN is a project of ETH MUN, commission of , in collaboration with MUN UZH 1 / 19 Zurich Model United Nations INTRODUCTION Welcome to the Crisis delegates! We have prepared a challenging yet fun experience for all of you this year set in one of the most iconic time periods of history, the Third Crusade! The mighty rulers of Europe are leading their armies into the Middle East to conquer the holy city of Jerusalem in the name of Christendom once more. Salah-ad Din looks set to mount a formidable defence whilst the Byzantines engage in a conflict against the forces of Emperor Barbarossa and the Seljuk Turks. Alliances between the four factions (cabinets) seem to be able to switch very dynamically ensuring that this weekend is guaranteed to have everyone thinking on their feet! This guide includes not only history and context of the topic but also a brief beginners guide to crisis. We all look forward to seeing you all at ZUMUN 2018! 2 / 19 Zurich Model United Nations SECTION 1 - A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO A JOINT CABINET CRISIS What is a crisis committee? Crisis, in the context of MUN, is a simulation of issues, events or regions of the world. Joint Cabinet Crises (JCC): Delegates represent individual people with their own interests ra- ther than countries. -
ISLAMICJERUSALEM in the EYES of SALAH AL-DIN: Rr a CRITICAL ANALYTICAL STUDY of the LIBATION of the CITY from the CRUSADERS
Ek III: Tarablisi Vib isimli gayrimüslimin, gelirini Kudüs'te Deyr-i um'd oturan Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, 2019, 19(1): 65-80 Rum rahiplerine vakfettiği iki evin, vakıf mütevellisi tarafından Efrenc Katolik DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.573678 rahiplerine satıldığından bahisle satılan iki evin satışının iptal edilerek geri alınmaları hususunda hüküm. (BOA, A. DVNS. AHK. ŞM. d. nr. 8, s. 28, Evâhir-i ISLAMICJERUSALEM IN THE EYES OF SALAH AL-DIN: Muharre 251). A CRITICAL ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE LIBATION OF THE CITY FROM THE CRUSADERS Maher Y. ABU-MUNSHAR* ABSTRACT: Nearly a century after the brutal, and unforgiving, Crusader conquest of Islamicjerusalem, Sultan Salah al-Din succeeded in 1187CE in liberating the city. This seemingly insurmountable feat was accomplished when Salah al-Din succeeded in unifying the diverse racial, ethnic and denominational Muslims into a single, coherent fighting force - under his capable leadership. Consequently, this paper explores the nature of Salah al-Din's headship and the precise strategies he used in team-building, team-management that proved essential in his bid to restore the holy city to the Muslims. Moreover, this paper will examine the striking magnanimity Salah al-Din displayed towards the Christians, and others, in Islamicjerusalem – including their holy sanctuaries. KEYWORDS: Bayt al-Maqdis, Balian of Ibelin, Hittin, Dome of the Rock, the Holy Sepulchre, Palestine. INTRODUCTION Salah al-Din or Yusuf Ibn Ayyub was born in 532 AH /1137 CE in the town of Takrit, in modern Iraq (Reston, 2001: 4). Up until that date, Islamicjerusalem was already under the rule of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem for nearly 38 years since 1099 CE (Maalouf, 2006:50). -
Jaffa's Ancient Inland Harbor: Historical, Cartographic, and Geomorphological Data ������������������������� 89 Aaron A
c hapter 4 Jaffa’s ancient inland harbor: historical,cartographic, and geomorphological data a aron a. burke,1 shelley wachsmann,2 simona avnaim-katav,3 richard k. dunn,4 krister kowalski,5 george a. pierce,6 and martin peilstöcker7 1UniversityofCalifornia,Los Angeles; 2Te xasA&M; 3UniversityofCalifornia, LosAngeles; 4Norwich University; 5Johannes GutenbergUniversity; 6BrighamYoung University; 7Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Thecontext created by recent studies of thegeomorphologyofLevantine harborsand renewedarchaeologicalresearchinthe Late Bronze AgelevelsofTel Yafo (Jaffa) by theJaffa Cultural Heritage Projecthaveled to efforts to identifythe location of apossible inland Bronze andIronAge harbor at Jaffa, Israel.Althoughseveral scholarsduring thetwentieth centuryspeculatedabout theexistenceand location of an ancient inlandharbor, theextent of theproxy data in supportofits identification hasnever been fullyassessed. Nonetheless, a range of historical, cartographic, arthistorical,topographical, andgeomorphologicaldata can be summoned thatpoint to theexistenceofabodyofwater thatlay to theeastofthe settle- ment andmound of ancient Jaffa. This feature is likely avestige of Jaffa’searliestanchorage or harbor andprobablywentout of usebythe startofthe Hellenisticperiod. slongasbiblicalscholars, archaeologists, always directly relatedtoits declineasaport(see historians,and geographershaveconcerned historicaloverviews in Peilstöcker andBurke 2011). athemselves with Jaffa, itsidentityhas revolved Jaffa’seclipse by anotherportisfirstattestedwiththe -
Early Jaffa: from the Bronze Age to the Persian Period
C HA pt ER 6 EARLY JAFFA: FROM THE BRONZE AGE TO THE PERSIAN PERIOD A ARON A . B URKE University of California, Los Angeles lthough Jaffa is repeatedly identified featured a natural, deepwater anchorage along its rocky as one of the most important ports of the western side. A natural breakwater is formed by a ridge, Asouthern Levantine coast during the Bronze located about 200 m from the western edge of the Bronze and Iron Ages, limited publication of its archaeological Age settlement, that can still be seen today.2 remains and equally limited consideration of its his- Although a geomorphological study has yet to be torical role have meant that a review of its historical undertaken, a number of factors indicate that an estuary significance is still necessary. Careful consideration of existed to the east of the site and functioned as the early Jaffa’s geographic location, its role during the Bronze harbor of Jaffa (see Hanauer 1903a, 1903b).3 The data and Iron Ages, and its continued importance until the for this include: (1) a depression that collected water early twentieth century C.E. reveal that its emergence to the south of the American (later German) colony as an important settlement and port was no accident. known as the Baasah (Clermont-Ganneau 1874:103; This essay reviews, therefore, the evidence for Jaffa’s see also Hanauer 1903b:258–260) (see also Figure 13.1 foundation and subsequent role from the Early Bronze and Figure 13.2); (2) a wall identified as a seawall that Age through the coming of Alexander at the end of the was encountered at some depth within this depression Persian period. -
The Status of Jaffa in the First Century of the Current Era
The Status of Jaffa in the First Century of the Current Era S. Applebaum A group of three Greek inscriptions recently published by Dr. Ya’akov Kaplan1 raises a number of questions relating to the status and history of Jaffa in the earlier period of the Roman Empire. The three inscriptions are nominally uniform, but were written in very careless lettering, two of them certainly by a semiliterate, being mere test sketches on moulds in which inscribed weights were to be cast. No. 2, however, was sufficiently clear to enable the text to be read, and to show that all three reflected one formula.2 The main point is that each ends with the name and function of a Jewish official — Judah the agoranomos, son of Zozomus (?). Not less important are the two signs opening the common formula; each of these represents the well-known sign Ἔ’, which stands for ‘Year’ in numerous Greek inscriptions,3 and is invariably followed by a figure. On inscription No. 2 this is Θ, i.e. year 9; No. 7 is a botched version of the same date; Θ is here represented by ‘O’. The figure on No. 3, on the other hand, is Δ , i.e. year 4. As the inscriptions begin with the name of the emperor Trajan, the years concerned are the fourth and ninth of his reign, i.e. 101/2 and 106/7. Dr. Kaplan has drawn my attention to the horizontal line or bar above the Ἔ’ sign, and, in his opinion, connected with it, as it commences the first line of the second inscription, numbered by him as ‘2’ (Plate 68, No. -
St John History Volume 20 Iii Order Librarian
St John History THE JOURNAL OF THE ST JOHN AMBULANCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA VOLUME 20, 2020 ISSN 1445-7490 ‘Preserving and promoting the St John heritage’ St John History is the annual journal of the Historical Society, and is provided free to all financial members of the Society. Correspondence about articles in the journal should be directed to the Journal Editor, Matthew Glozier, [email protected]. Volumes 1–20 of St John History are available online at the St John Ambulance Australia national website: stjohn.org.au/about (click on ‘History’). Information about the Historical Society may be obtained from the Executive Officers: President David Fahey — [email protected] Secretary James Cheshire —[email protected] Deputy Secretary Edith Khangure — [email protected] Treasurer Paul Copeland — [email protected] Deputy Treasurer Bob Devere — [email protected] Journal Editor Matthew Glozier — [email protected] Membership Queries about membership to the Historical Society should be sent to respective State/Territory History Membership Officers: Overseas and Australian Capital Territory South Australia Ian Howie-Willis Dr Brian Fotheringham [email protected] Chair, St John Historical Society of SA [email protected] New South Wales Matthew Glozier Tasmania [email protected] Ms Roxy Cowie [email protected] Northern Territory Dawn Bat Victoria Historical Society Membership Secretary Allan Mawdsley [email protected] Hon. Secretary, St John Museum [email protected] Queensland Bob Devere Western Australia Chair, History and Heritage Committee Edith Khangure [email protected] Librarian and Archivist [email protected] St John Ambulance Australia Inc. -
Colours, Sweeteners and Calories in Food Products
Colours, Sweeteners and Calories in Food Products Comenius Multilateral Project 2010-2012 Participating schools: Experimental High School of Tripolis, Greece IES Simancas, Madrid, Spain Istituto Comprensivo Paolo Borsellino, Mazara del Vallo, Italy Karadag Ilkögretim Okulu, Ka ş, Turkey Natalijas Draudzinas Viduskola, Riga, Latvia Şcoala cu Clasele I-VIII, Stoile şti Romania Väätsa Basic School, Estonia Aims of the project : 1. to find out colourings, sweeteners and calories in 3 different food groups: sweets, soft drinks and yoghurts/ice creams; 2. to raise awareness of our students to become conscious consumers whose demands and preferences can be a reason for confectioners to give up unhealthy artificial colours as well as hidden sugar and calories; 3. to integrate subjects, to develop foreign languages, collaboration between students, students and teachers and teachers. Subjects : science, maths, chemistry, mother tongue, foreign languages, ICT, art, domestic science. Students age : 11-16 The project started in Comenius contact seminar in Madrid 1-5 November 2009. What are food colourings, sweeteners and calories? Students in participating schools studied colourings, sweeteners, calories and pointed out the following: Food colouring is any substance, liquid or powder that is added to food or drink to change its colour. There are two types of colourings: natural and artificial ones. • E 141 : copper complexes of chlorophyll. Olive colour, extracted from plants, no adverse effects are known when used in foods. • E 150d : c aramel colour or caramel colouring is a soluble food colouring. It is made by a carefully controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates in a process called caramelization. Caramel colouring may be derived from a variety of source products that are themselves common allergens. -
Israel &Palestine
Israel &Palestine: An Applied Workshop in Civil Society, Politics and Conflict Resolution Sample Itinerary and Agenda Academic Director: Dr. Yehuda Lukacs Important Note: This document is a sample of the types of meetings, lectures, site visits and dates for the George Mason University Israel and Palestine Internship. Participants will receive an updated itinerary and agenda for their program. The final itinerary is likely to be modified, however it will closely resemble the content featured below. Day One Jerusalem Arrival in Israel; transfer to Hotel in Jerusalem Dinner: 7:00 pm Day Two Jerusalem 8:30 am – 6:00: Tour of Jerusalem and Old City Part One: Multiple faces of Jerusalem in the Old City - During this part of the day, we will concentrate on understanding Jerusalem as a city of rich history, and of diverse faiths and cultures, as reflected in the Old City. Temple Mount: Focal point of Sanctity – layers of religious belief. The Moslem quarter; The Jewish quarter; Via Dolorosa and the Christian Quarter. Jaffa Gate and surroundings: the Market, Armenian Quarter and the Citadel. Part Two: Contemporary Concerns - This part of the tour will focus on various developments following the expansion of Israeli Jerusalem after the Six Day War, in 1967. The tour will outline the complexity of the conflict in today's Jerusalem. "East Jerusalem": villages as neighborhoods, new neighborhoods, the Separation Wall/ Security Fence - Abu Dis, Jabel Mukabar, East Talpiot and Gilo. 8:00 pm: Dinner Day Three Ramallah 9:00 am: Departure from hotel 10 am: Meeting with Chief Palestinian Negotiator 11:15 am: Presentation by the Negotiation Support Unit on settlements, the Wall, and Jerusalem. -
The Biblical View of Tyre
THE BIBLICAL VIEW OF TYRE PATRICIA BERLYN To the north of Israel, along a strip of coastland between the Mediterranean Sea and the Lebanon Mountains, ran a strand of city-states peopled by Ca- naanites distinguished from other Canaanites by the name the Hellenes gave 1 them: Phoenicians. With good natural harbors, fine growths of timber for ships, and constricted by the meagerness of their hinterland, the Phoenicians early took to the sea. Their merchant fleets ranged the Mediterranean and beyond the Pillars of Heracles into the Atlantic, and a small flotilla of Phoe- 2 nician ships made the first recorded circumnavigation of Africa. The wares the Phoenicians produced and sold were luxury goods for rich customers, among them the splendid cedars of the Lebanon that far-off kings sought for their palaces and temples. They also long held a virtual monopoly on making purple dyes, an industry prodigiously profitable, for the wearing of purple was held to confer such dignity that it is even today the royal color. The Phoenicians were resourceful and successful, but Plutarch describes them as “a grim people, averse to good humor.” Homer deems them to be master mariners but greedy and tricky. Both Homer and Herodotus recall accusations of kidnapping and abduction, and that correlates with the denun- ciations of biblical prophets. Amos in the eighth century speaks of the Phoe- nicians of Tyre selling a people with whom they had a covenant of brother- hood into captivity in Edom (Amos 1:9). Joel in the fifth century addresses the Phoenicians of Tyre and Sidon as well as the Philistines: You have sold the people of Judah and the people of Jerusalem to the Ionians, so you have removed them far away from their homeland (Joel 4:6). -
A House in the Almanshiyya Neighborhood in the Town of Jaffa. Today: the Etzel Museum in Tel Avivyafo
A house in the alManshiyya neighborhood in the town of Jaffa. Today: The Etzel Museum in Tel AvivYafo (2008. Photo: Amaya Galili). ❖ What do you see in the picture? What message does this building’s architecture transmit? ❖ AlManshiyya was a Palestinian neighborhood in Jaffa, on the coast, built at the end of the 1870's, at the same time as Neve Tzedek, a Jewish neighborhood in southwestern Tel Aviv. Until 1948, Palestinians also lived in Neve Tzedek, and Jews lived in alManshiyya. The destruction of the neighborhood began with its capture in 1948 and continued into the 1970’s. Only two of the original buildings in alManshiyya remained: the Jaffa railroad station and the Hassan Beq Mosque. The building in the photo was turned into the Etzel Museum; Etzel was the organization that captured Jaffa in 1948. The museum building preserved only the lower part of the Palestinian structure, and a square black glass construction was added on top of it. ❖ The building is clearly visible from the shoreline, from Tel Aviv as well as from Jaffa, and looks as if its aim was to symbolize and emphasize the Israeli presence and its conquest of the structures and lives of its Palestinian inhabitants. There’s no indication, inside or outside the museum, of whose house this was, and no mention of the neighborhood in which it stood. A mosque in the village of Wadi Hunayn. Today it’s a synagogue near Nes Ziona (1987. Photo: Ra’fi Safiya). ❖ How do we know this was a mosque? ❖ We can see the architectural elements that characterized Muslim architecture in the region: the building has a dome and arched windows.