Issue No.42 April/May 2013 “We won't deliver security from the

www.natowatch.org barrel of a gun” says NATO Commander

Retiring Supreme Allied and to monitor progress in Stavrides added that by Commander Europe improving security. With all the time NATO withdraws, (SACUR), Admiral James the challenges still facing the Taliban’s ability to con- Stavridis was interviewed Afghanistan, he has gone vince Afghans to help them by Voice of America’s Al from having doubts to cau- will be severely reduced as Pessin at NATO Headquar- tious optimism about the their rallying call to ‘fight ters in Brussels on April 23, possibility of succeeding the foreigners’ will be re- 2013. The interview is with the Afghan mission. moved. Their narrative will available on the VoA web- He believes that the Afghan be broken after 2014 he site but not on the NATO government and ANSF will says. website. be able to maintain security Nearing retirement after and prevent the country As SACUR, Stavrides has 37 years in the US Navy, from again becoming a safe undertaken numerous visits Admiral Stavridis shares haven for terrorists after to Afghanistan to provide one lesson he has learned, most foreign forces with- strategic guidance to ISAF partly from the Afghanistan draw at the end of 2014. commanders and troops war: “In the end, in this 21st century, we won't de- liver security from the bar- rel of a gun”. The admiral said security and freedom will be gained through in- ternational cooperation and a communications strategy to explain and promote democratic values, with only sparing use of the mili- tary to which he devoted his career. At NATO Watch, we couldn’t agree more.

Welcome to NATO Watch’s monthly Observatory: the only online publication dedicated entirely to news and independent commentary on NATO policy-making and operational activities. The clips are drawn from a wide range of subscriptions, feeds and alerts covering a substantial part of the major English language newspapers and other periodicals worldwide. If you are short on time – go straight to the recommended reading, marked ♠♠

Inside this issue: NATO Watch conducts independent monitoring Editorial: NATO’s non-specific relationship with 2 and analysis of NATO and aims Israel to increase transparency, stimu- Article: ‘Shock and Awe’ 10 years after 3 late parliamentary engagement and broaden public awareness Book Reviews: and participation in a progressive NATO in Afghanistan—The Liberal Disconnect by 4 reform agenda within NATO Sten Rynning A Nuclear Weapons-Free World? Britain, Trident 5 If you share our vision for a and the Challenges Ahead By Nick Ritchie transparent and accountable NATO please donate whatever Obituary: Major General Eustace D’Souza 5 you can afford to help NATO News Commentary and Reports: 6 Watch thrive. Click on the pic- Afghanistan-Pakistan; Arctic Security; Arms Con- ture to trol; Cyber Security; Defence Budgets; Drones; find out Enlargement and Partnerships; Exercises; Energy how you Security; Gender; Libya; Mali; Maritime Security; can make Missile Defence; NATO Foreign Ministers Meeting; a dona- NATO-Russian Relations; Nuclear Weapons; Re- tion. form; R2P; Scottish Independence; Syria; Transat- lantic Cooperation; Transparency & Accountability

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End word: On Scotland 23 Editorial: NATO's non-specific relationship with Israel

Several times during his monthly press the extent once has to ask: Why do these positions have to do with inter- conference, Secretary General Ras- journalists keep turning up to his press national legality, equity or rights of self mussen studiously avoided questions conferences, having their questions -defence”. about NATO's relationship with Israel aired but not answered and effectively NATO did not reproduce in text for- vis-a-vis that country's intervention in giving some legitimacy to what is no mat President Peres’s response to the Syria. But who can journalists turn to more than a public relations exercise? Secretary' General's welcome to Brus- on this pressing issue if the man at the Belgian Socialist MEP, Veronique De sels on 7 March. He did, however, top declines to engage in any mean- Keyser, apparently accused NATO of thank the Secretary General for ena- ingful way? being “complicit in the bombings car- bling Israel to participate in the grand Regarding Israel's supposed incur- ried out by Israel on Damascus” and struggle against terrorism. He added sion, Rasmussen's first line of defence referred to the Alliance’s March coop- that Israel feels part of NATO, if not a was no more than a holding “we have eration agreement with Israel, which member, and that NATO and Israel expressed concerns about the risk of a she concluded marked the admission share the same values of peace and spillover of this conflict”. To whom, of Israel as “a de facto member of security and face the same threats. and in what sort of diplomatic terms NATO”. Demanding clarification from Although they jointly addressed the one might reasonably ask? the Secretary General on the closed- media after their meeting, journalists door cooperation between NATO and were informed that there would be no When the questions came in with a its Israeli allies, she continued: “The questions following the statements by little more scepticism: “It's hard to idea was to strengthen the process of the Secretary General and the Presi- understand how NATO could have no military plumbing between NATO and dent. idea whether Israel was responsible or Israel for the purposes of any actions in not for the strikes on Syria” and a According to Israel National News, the Middle East. That was just two good deal more precision: “I wonder the President briefed the NATO Secre- months before the current operation has anyone at NATO, or you personally tary General on the strategic threats and it’s hard to believe that there’s perhaps been in touch with Israeli offi- facing the Middle East, particularly been no coordination”. cials? Have they confirmed that they're from Iran and Hizbullah. Peres appar- responsible; denied it; or told you that Refuting any suggestion of collusion ently told Rasmussen that Israel would it's none of your business?” all he in the bombing, Rasmussen insisted be happy to share the knowledge it could muster was: “We don't comment that the agreement with Israel served has gained and its technological abili- on intelligence reports as a matter of as part of a wider cooperation between ties with NATO as “Israel has experi- principle, obviously”. What may be NATO and six other countries in North ence in contending with complex situa- obvious to Rasmussen (looking from Africa and the Middle East [The Medi- tions, and we must strengthen the the inside) is not so obvious to us terranean Dialogue]. Now this is cooperation so we can fight global ter- (looking from the outside). stretching credulity to the limit. Is ror together and assist NATO with the Rasmussen complex threats it faces including in This level of e x p e c t i n g Afghanistan”. practised evasion us to accept from the head of In a recent interview for Democracy that NATO's a supposedly rep- Now, Robert Fisk asserted that relationship resentative or- “America’s greatest ally and an associ- with Israel ganisation is sim- ate of NATO is now fairly regularly is on a par ply not good bombing Syrian government forces. It with part- enough. The Sec- is participating—we are participating— ners Alge- retary General in the Syrian civil war”. Referring to ria, Egypt, spends a good the problem of publishing unattributed J o r d a n , deal of his copious statements, he said it a “parasitic, Mauritania, air time extolling osmotic relationship between journal- M o r o c c o the virtues of de- ists and power, our ever-growing abil- and Tuni- mocracy, the rule ity, our wish, to rely on these utterly of law and open debate. Why is that bankrupt comments from various un- NATO Medical Officers in Israel, May 2012, for named, anonymous intelligence rhetoric not applicable when it comes the annual COMEDS conference–Committee of to questioning NATO's largely non- the Medical Chief of Military Medical Services. sources”. specific role with Israel? Medical officers from all NATO countries at- While some might say this is going tended the conference, headed by the IDF, to The European Jewish Press used the too far, there is no doubt that there discuss issues of military medical care, hu- are journalistic limitations of just how 'E' word in reporting the Secretary manitarian aid and operations in disaster- General's sometimes fractious ex- struck countries—photo credit: IDF/flickr) far you can go with your reporting and change with Members of the European commentary if you want to remain Parliament earlier this week: sia? Of course, it is very hard to come 'inside the tent'. With people in official to any judgment since the NATO-Israel positions unwilling, or unable to be Evading questioning from MEPs including Spanish Christian Democrat Jose Ignacio agreement is not available for public open and honest with those who are Salafranca Sanchez-Neyra on the likely scrutiny trying to inform the wider public, it is not really surprising that journalists impact of Israeli incursions into the Syrian Seumas Milne wrote in his Guardian crisis on its neighbouring countries such have to turn to 'their insider' contacts article that Israel's “string of aerial as Turkey, Rasmussen responded that no for clarification. From our position attacks on Syrian military installations such activity has taken place in areas of 'outside the tent', NATO Watch simply near Damascus” were unprovoked and relevance for our deployment of patriot asks that the Secretary General 'up his missiles in Turkey. illegal and asks his readers to consider game', starting with being less evasive what the western reaction would have This stock non-answer to a perfectly at press conferences. been if Syria had launched such an reasonable enquiry is becoming some- attack on Israel “to realise how little thing of a Rasmussen trademark, to

Page 2 Article: ‘Shock and Awe’: 10 years after

By Nigel Chamberlain and Ian ning for Iraq. sowed the seeds of the disastrous Davis, NATO Watch next few years”. Burridge added: “If US Defence Secretary Donald you allow vacuums to develop, ex- Was aspiring rock musician Tony Blair Rumsfeld and US Chief Administrator perience elsewhere taught us that listening to I’d Love to Change the in Iraq Paul Bremer have also come in organised crime takes over. In Iraq, World by Ten Years After in the early for a lot of flak for banning the Ba'ath it was sectarianism”. 1970s? Well, ten years after the in- Party and dismantling the Iraqi Army. vasion of Iraq we are beginning to But, as they always say on the other Efforts by the US and British to hear a little more about what made side of the pond, ‘the buck stops provide a NATO stabilisation force to the man tick and it didn’t quite follow here’ and all available evidence fill the vacuum were dashed again by the band’s lyrics: “Stop the War. I'd seems to suggest that President Bush Franco-German opposition at the June love to change the world. But I don't was more interested in having a 2004 Istanbul Summit. Instead, the know what to do. So I'll leave it up to shoot out with Saddam post-9/11 North Atlantic Council agreed only to you”. than concentrating effort and re- a training mission for Iraqi personnel, sources on anti-terrorism. A big mis- Writing in the Guardian, Richard which ran from July 2004 to Decem- take, by any standard. And one that Norton-Taylor said that “those who ber 2011. caused the deepest post-Cold War saw him most made clear Blair ap- Then Chief of the UK Defence Staff, schism within NATO to date, with peared to have had an appetite for Baron Boyce told the Chilcot Inquiry several lasting consequences. military intervention”. In his evi- that he “could not get across to the dence to the Chilcot Inquiry—a British US the fact that the coalition would public inquiry into the nation's role in not be seen as a liberation force and the Iraq War—the former Cabinet that flowers would be stuck at the Secretary Lord Wilson recalled saying end of rifles and that they would be in March 2002, a year before the in- welcomed and it would all be lovely”. vasion, "there is a gleam in his eye A little flowery, but you get the drift. that worries me”. Air Chief Marshal He is bound to feel somewhat ag- Sir Brian Burridge, Commander of grieved given his questioning of the British forces in Iraq at the time of legality of the war until he received a the invasion had little doubt: last minute message from the Attor- "Solidarity with the US was deeply ney General's office telling him that embedded in his psyche.” Blair's ‘unequivocal’ view was an at- As Blair’s Shadow Defence Secre- The specific NATO dimension sur- tack on Iraq would be lawful. faced as a result of US requests in tary from 1994 to 1997, David Clark Interviewed by BBC Panorma re- December 2002 for the Alliance to explained how and why Labour’s pol- cently, former Director French Intelli- provide indirect military assistance for icy would be transformed to actively gence Pierre Brochard, said that se- an American-led intervention, take support nuclear deterrence and hu- cret documents were disseminated preventive measures in support of manitarian intervention under the around western agencies ‘like a con- Turkey and commit to post-conflict auspices of the United Nations. There tagion’ but they were only made pub- peacekeeping. Early in 2003, how- was no doubting Blair’s charismatic lic in the UK and the US, adding, by ever, France and Germany joined leadership qualities and desire to do way of explanation with a wry smile, political forces to oppose what they politics differently as internal opposi- “presumably their immune system correctly saw as an Anglo-American tion to his increasingly messianic vi- was weaker”. While there is some drumbeat for war. sion was marginalised. He became evidence that the CIA and MI6 were the embodiment of the movement to In addition to opposing a second sceptical of the sources (who were create a bi-partisan foreign and de- resolution within the UN Security known as ‘fabricators’) any resistance fence policy in the UK and with the Council (designed to authorise force), from within seems to have been US. In effect, Blair led the Labour France and Germany (with the sup- snuffed out in favour of providing a Party back into the establishment’s port of Belgium and Luxembourg) united front for the White House and transatlantic fold. initially blocked activation of Article 4 Downing Street. Scepticism from the So, ten years on from the start of of the Washington Treaty in relation Ministry of Defence Intelligence Staff, the Second Gulf War, we really to defensive measures proposed for in particular, seems to have led to shouldn’t be suffering ‘Shock and Turkey (a neighbour of Iraq). The them being sidelined by the drive to Awe’ from the revelations by senior Secretary General at the time, procure and assemble evidence to military figures about the way Britain George Robertson, referred to NATO support the case for war against Iraq. as being in “disarray”. was led into war with Iraq. Today’s Clearly, there were ‘fabricators’ at crocodile tears that it was “absolutely While NATO’s defensive operation in work who were not disaffected Iraqis. irresponsible” and that “the lack of Turkey was eventually deployed, a The then Director of MI6 Sir Richard intelligence on the country was a na- more direct NATO role in Iraq was Dearlove said that military action was tional disgrace” do little to mitigate a limited by this dispute that split the seen as inevitable as intelligence and war that went on to cost the lives of Alliance from top to bottom. The Neo facts were being “fixed around the at least 189,000 people, including at -Conservatives in the United States policy”. Brochard said that intelli- least 123,000 civilians. Blair’s team got the war that they desired, whilst gence was used to justify a war of had already adopted the maxim that the lack of post-invasion planning choice, to disguise it as a war of ne- ‘the end justifies the means’ and he fulfilled the expectations of the nay- cessity. CIA station chief in Paris Bill had personally committed himself, on sayers. Lord Dannatt, a senior staff Murray said there was a concerted behalf of the British Government, to officer in the UK Ministry of Defence effort to find intelligence which sup- support President Bush’s invasion during the invasion, told the Guardian ported pre-conceived positions and plans, regardless of concerns raised that: “Into the power vacuum cre- desires. about the lack of post-invasion plan- ated, al-Qaida and others moved and Continued on p4

Page 3 Book Review

NATO in Afghanistan— strengths of this book is that he usu- ating Russia as a regional threat or ally proffers a third, more challenging “to build a firewall around NATO terri- The Liberal Disconnect way forward. He does explain the tory”, presumably a reference to un- By Sten Rynning tricky transatlantic balancing act – fettered expansion (or enlargement) “between a Europe-centric NATO that into eastern Europe and the militari- (Stanford University Press, the United States must remain in- sation of the recent newcomers. Re- 15 Sep 2012) volved in and a global centric NATO turning to his ‘deficit in political pur- that Europeans must engage”. pose’ theme, Sten says that the adop- Reviewed by Nigel Chamberlain, tion of a strategy built on organisa- He recognises that the Afghan cam- tional routine, while hoping that global NATO Watch paign hasn’t gone well for NATO, de- governance would solve its problems, spite more recent improvements, due Sten Rynning has produced a philoso- hasn’t worked. phical book with practical application. to a ‘deficit in political purpose’, which It isn’t easy reading. Its complex and has been translated into “inadequate Back to the two sides of the coin ex- thought provoking – if you can stay strategic thinking about ends, way planation, the author outlines the with it, and I recommend that you try. and means”. He adds that NATO must ‘NATO-is-dying school’ and counter- collectively learn from this experience, poses it with the ‘NATO-should- In his acknowledgements the author confront the deficit and evolve. globalize school’ but then guides us sets out the background to his thesis towards a third, more viable option – The author acknowledges that NATO – “Allied statements manage power in NATO evolving into a more distinct has reviewed it internal dynamics and relation to events, and for about a regional, rather than global, network. decided to opt for a ‘global security decade Afghanistan has been the Now this may seem more appealing to management’ model which will need event for the Alliance”. In his intro- many, particularly set against the “multiple organisations to cooperate duction, the author right away picks reality of economic reality, but it in the management of new threats”, up on why NATO’s Afghan mission has doesn’t look as if NATO is headed in located the organisation “at the heart seemed confused to many as “the war that direction to this reviewer. is dynamic and defies easy control of a wider liberal order” – the military and conceptualization. The allies have wing of the United Nations perhaps. Sten concludes that NATO’s model tinkered with various mission headers, But he is none too comfortable with as a “benevolent Alliance” bringing such as counterterrorism, stabiliza- this model, saying that it is a retreat security assistance to an emerging tion, and security assistance; in the into liberal wishful thinking as he does democracy has failed in Afghanistan end settling on counterin- not believe that the wider due to an unreceptive audience as surgency”. He suggests liberal community is ready much as to internal problems. He says that the “Atlantic Alliance to act, if only someone will that “NATO emerges from an Afghan must come to grips with organise it. And here war that went awry with a reinforced wider geopolitical lessons comes the thesis - the sense of benevolence and a dimin- of a campaign that has liberal ideal has become ished sense of alliance”. Despite his accelerated a global power disconnected from reality cutting analysis, he does reiterate his shift and revealed a deficit with NATO being one of belief that the intervention improved in the Alliance’s collective the main culprits. Sten with experience, despite the tough purpose”. appeals for liberalism, and conditions it had to operate in. He has by implication NATO, to be explained how adaptable NATO has Sten is very good at rooted in geo-political real- been and believes it can adapt again, showing readers both ity. indeed must do to survive. Sten calls sides of the theoretical for NATO leaders to speak up for the But there is a warning. coin without necessarily Atlantic community and commit to Any redefinition of NATO’s drawing us into making a engage more thoroughly with it in role needs to avoid recre- choice. In fact, one of the order to shape the future.

‘Shock and Awe’…. the most misled of all and that they majority of the NATO ‘allies’ entirely had “every reason to think that”. discounted in its preparation and exe- …continued from p3 cution. Reflecting on the documentation Head of the British Army at the time, and information provided to justify The majority of the UK protagonists General Sir Michael Jackson, com- taking the country to war, Dannatt seem to have been honoured by the menting on the dossier presented to says that he found what he read Queen and prospered in other fields parliament, said it was based on intel- “pretty uncompelling” but added, while Tony Blair soldiers on, unre- ligence that appeared to be gold "people had to trust the judgment and pentant, and finds himself (aka Ten which turned out to be fool’s gold. integrity of the then Prime Minister”. Years After) Waiting for the Judge- This fool’s gold was presented as Closing ranks to tight formation all the ment Day (publication of the Chilcot theatre, nay farce, at the United Na- 2013 commentators agree that White- Report). tions by Colin Powell and by Tony hall officials and defence chiefs were Footnote: Lord Wilson’s recollection of 2002 Blair in his impassioned plea for par- kept in the dark in 2003 until it was may not be unrelated to the ‘Demon Eyes’ liamentarians to stand behind him on too late to object. Well, there was poster produced by M&C Saatchi for the the road to war. Lord Butler, the for- plenty of objecting going on at the Conservative General Election Campaign of mer Cabinet Secretary who later led a time which must have been heard, 1997. UK Review on Intelligence on WMD, including within NATO, but just not told Panorma that: "There were ways listened to. The US-British led inter- [shock and awe—on the steps of the US in which people were misled or misled vention was a coalition of the willing state capitol in Hartford CT; the first major themselves at all stages”. Butler then outside of NATO, resourced mainly by demonstration against the impending Iraq invasion, March 2003—photo credit: accepted that the British public were the US with the preferences of the nivek29/ flickr]

Issue No.42 April/May 2013 Page 4 Obituary

In memory of Major frequent email bottle, a former correspondent and Chief of Staff of General Eustace D’Souza a welcoming host the UN Peace- and raconteur, keeping forces in By Barbara frequently pub- Cyprus, wrote a Panvel, Civili- lished in the re- number of books sation 3000 gional press, with a on international NATO Watch range of subjects peacekeeping, Associate, Ma- from analyses of including the jor General US strategies and Peacekeeper's E u s t a c e mindset to events H a n d b o o k , D’Souza, died in Kashmir which he continued to visit which the UN and more than 70 coun- recently in Ban- regularly after serving there on the tries have used as an instrumental dra, Mumbai. Siachen Glacier (pictured). He cared manual for peacekeeping operations. After his service deeply about the Chinese occupation He said that D’Souza’s work inspired with the Mara- of Tibet and, when taking part in peri- his own What is Proper Soldiering? by tha Light Infantry, he became Secre- odic meetings with the Chinese mili- informing him of the work of the In- tary General of the World Wildlife tary as a member of a government dian armed forces in addressing some Fund for India. He then served two advisory group, never failed to take aspects of environmental security and terms as Consultant for South Asia to them to task about this. protection. This prompted him to con- tact all the embassies or High Com- the International Union for Conserva- He was also a public-spirited activ- missions in London for information tion of Nature (IUCN). ist, involved with many groups in the which eventually went into the annex, city. Whenever a disaster was an- Several readers will remember his indicating the wide range of activities nounced he would personally make memorable and well-received One going on within the armed forces the rounds and collect remarkable World Trust lecture in the UK House around the world. of Commons in 2001. He spoke about sums of money from people his work promoting the creation of a who knew that he would en- The funeral service of structure for environmental protection sure they were properly used. Maj. General (Retd) Eus- tace D'souza PVSM was within the three Indian armed ser- Knowing that the writer held on Sunday 31 March vices, so that today every unit has a spent a quarter of the year in 2013 at 1600 HRS IST at specific environmental role to play. Mumbai (1993-2004) Eirwen St Peter's Church, Bandra He regarded this as central to global Harbottle said a meeting with West, Mumbai followed by security and part of the whole 'web of Eustace D’Souza should be burial at Mt. Carmel life'. arranged. Her late husband, Church, Bandra. The writer remembers him as a Brigadier General Michael Har-

Book review

A Nuclear Weapons-Free • that a low-salience nuclear tween potential adversaries partly by world could be stable in theory but the threat of colossal disaster”. Well, World? Britain, Trident that its time has passed, if it ever that is exactly what Sir Michael did and the Challenges existed; both as a civil servant and in retire- ment while one might suggest that Ahead • that a permanently well- his claim that “nuclear weapons have managed high-salience nuclear world maintained the peace” is more a By Nick Ritchie is an extremely optimistic prognosis; statement of believe than a state- (Palgrave Macmillan 29 • that an unstable high- ment of fact. But I digress. salience nuclear world would present Oct 2012) Nick Ritchie tells us that the pur- extreme and unacceptable dangers; pose of his study is “to place the UK’s Reviewed by Nigel Chamberlain, and therefore, Trident replacement programme in NATO Watch • a nuclear weapons-free context and explore the complexities The author opens his account by world is the necessary and legitimate of relinquishing nuclear weapons at a drawing attention to the contradiction path to minimising long-term nuclear point when such a step is politically between the near universal accep- risk. feasible”. Well possibly, but this re- tance, in theory, of the goal of a viewer can’t discern any concerted He goes on to quote Sir Michael world free of nuclear weapons and political momentum which will result Quinlan, former Permanent Undersec- the very practical efforts of successive in this objective, other than by de- retary of State at the UK Ministry of UK Governments to acquire, update fault: for example, if an independent Defence [often referred to as the and justify the possession of nuclear Scottish Government ‘requires’ HMG ‘High Priest of Deterrence’ by his de- weapons under the questionable doc- to ‘remove’ Trident from the River tractors] who noted in 2009 [shortly trine of ‘deterrence’. Clyde. before his death on 26 February]: “It This study unapologetically pro- cannot be right to acquiesce uncriti- Continued on p6 ceeds from the view: cally, for the rest of human history, in

a system that maintains peace be-

Issue No.42 April/May 2013 Page 5 News, Commentary and Reports:

Book Review: A Nuclear Weap- Afghanistan-Pakistan: ons-Free World? Continued from p5 ing, "80% of the enemy attacks are This book is a detailed history of the occurring in areas where less than UK’s nuclear weapons policy and pro- 20% of the Afghan population lives" gramme from 1990, international efforts and that the insurgency is losing rele- to kick-start the disarmament process vance for the Afghan people as do- and with a particular focus on the de- mestic security forces take the lead bate, or lack of it, drivers and costs be- on the fight hind the decision to replace Trident. It Kerry Meets Top Afghan and Pakistani reviews the ‘special relationship’ with Officials, New York Times, 24 April the US, in practice, how and why Tri- dent is ‘assigned’ to NATO for ‘collective NATO says 13 insurgents killed in security’, the resistance to replacement eastern Afghanistan during joint op- and how a positive decision not to mod- erations, Washington Post, 24 April (photo credit: Stitch/flickr) ernise Britain’s nuclear capability would Afghan interpreters could be offered sit more comfortably with the nation’s relocation to Britain, The Guardian, commitments to the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). News 21 April-decision could affect up to 1,100 who risked lives helping UK The author believes that the UK can 8 Soldiers Die in Attacks in Afghani- forces in Afghanistan lead the way with in the P5 (the five stan, New York Times, 4 May Study Finds Sharp Rise in Attacks by permanent members of the United Na- tions Security Council who just happen NATO keen to learn from the Soviet Taliban, New York Times, 19 April to be the five ‘declared’ nuclear weap- experience in Afghanistan, Russia & After Airstrike, Afghan Points to C.I.A. ons states under the NPT) and become India Report, 1 May and Secret Militias, New York Times, what William Walker terms “a disarma- Afghan Leader Confirms Cash Deliver- 18 April ment threshold state”. He concludes, ies by C.I.A., New York Times, 29 U.S. Forces In Afghanistan After 2014 rather optimistically I feel, that a politi- April—President Karzai acknowledged To Be Determined By Afghan Army cal, economic and cultural space has that the CIA Performance: Top General, Huff- been opened up which could ‘encourage’ has been the UK Government to rethink “The biggest source of ington Post, 16 April—Gen. Jo- dropping off seph Dunford testified before the ‘minimum deterrence’ by “either relin- bags of cash corruption in Afghanistan,” Senate Armed Services Commit- quishing nuclear weapons after Trident at his office [this one or its replacement?] or pursu- one American official said, tee that the United States for a decade, should wait until November, ing alternative nuclear postures”. saying the “was the United States.” , when the summer fighting sea- This reviewer didn’t read the book in money was New York Times, 29 April son has ended, to make a deci- its entirety, rather dipping in here and used for sion on how many US troops there for context and clarity. I suspect “various pur- should remain in Afghanistan other readers will do the same. It is a poses” and expressing gratitude to after the NATO combat mission ends dense tome, definitely aimed at the the United States for making the pay- in December 2014 academic market (if rather expensive at ments Taliban Attack Highly Regarded Af- nearly £60 a go) but it is certainly a NATO’s Afghan Drawdown Poses Lo- ghan Army Unit, New York Times, 12 book anyone working in the field would gistics Challenges, Aviation Week & April want to display on their library shelf. Space Technology, 29 April Tajik president fears instability after Withdrawing from Afghanistan, The NATO Afghan pullout, Chicago Trib- Economist, 27 April—The big retro- une, 11 April grade; logisticians face a practical and geopolitical mess, with relish Dempsey Backs Keeping 8,000- 12,000 NATO Troops in Afghanistan, NATO Commander: ‘Cautious Opti- Bloomberg, 11 April mism’ Ahead of Afghanistan With- drawal, Voice of America, 26 April Air strike kills 11 children in Afghani- stan, The Telegraph, 7 April—a NATO Afghanistan sees 'troubling rise' in air strike killed 11 children and a civilians killed, Los Angeles Times, 24 woman during heavy fighting in a April—the UN special envoy to Af- mountainous part of eastern Afghani- ghanistan, Jan Kubis, told NATO for- stan, according to local officials eign ministers that Afghanistan saw "a troubling rise" in civilian casualties With Swagger, Afghan Army Takes in the first three months of this year, the Lead, New York Times, 7 April with that number up 30% over the Afghanistan eyes Taliban peace ahead same period last year. The top US of Nato withdrawal, BBC News, 5 April commander in Afghanistan painted a very different picture, however, say-

Issue No.42 April/May 2013 Page 6 Afghanistan-Pakistan….. continued

Afghanistan courthouse attack kills in a similar situation to the failed So- March dozens, BBC News, 3 April—the death viet invasion and are also waging a toll from a Taliban attack on a court campaign which is "unwinnable in Attacks by Afghan ‘insiders’ double in complex in the western province of military terms", according to a pro- past year; NATO recalculation leads Farah rose to at least 53 by the end vocative UK MoD analysis to new numbers, Washington Times, of a fierce gunbattle between security 3 March forces and militants holding hostages, Will Nato leave tank graveyards in making it the deadliest attack in Af- Afghanistan? BBC News, 15 March Two Afghan Boys Accidentally Killed ghanistan since a December 2011 by NATO Helicopter, New York Times, Karzai speech 'put Nato forces at 2 March suicide bombing at a Shi'a shrine in risk', commander warns, BBC News, Kabul that killed some 70 people 14 March Nato commander apologises after Deputy Commander ISAF briefs press troops shoot dead Afghan children, Afghanistan helicopter crash kills five The Guardian, 2 March - coalition on current situation in Afghanistan, Nato troops, The Guardian, 12 NATO News, 27 March—Lieutenant soldiers kill two boys in Uruzgan prov- March— victims are thought to have ince in episode likely to worsen General Nick Carter, Deputy Com- been US soldiers, with international mander, ISAF, briefed the press via strained relations with President force saying enemy activity is not Hamid Karzai video teleconference on his assess- suspected ment of the current situation in Af- ♠♠ Not as smooth as ghanistan, progress with transition to silk, The Economist, 2 Afghan security leadership and March - as NATO pulls ISAF’s evolving mission out of Afghanistan it Russia seeks to underpin Afghan might leave Central Asia security after NATO pullout, Reuters, in a mess, too 27 March Afghan support staffers Villagers Take On Taliban in Their for NATO seeking a life- Heartland, New York Times, 20 line, Los Angeles Times, March—villagers in the traditional 1 March - their work Taliban heartland of Kandahar Prov- aiding foreign troops ince are bucking a trend of acquies- has made them and cence and support to the insurgent their families the tar- group, linking up with Afghan police gets of insurgents. But forces to oust Taliban leaders living the US has been slow to in the area, and vowing to resist approve special immi- being overrun by the militants during grant visas this summer's fighting season US Army Spc. Brandon Russell, with the US troops killed in Afghan 'insider Farah Provincial Reconstruction Team Nato announces Afghanistan Wardak attack' , BBC News, 11 March - sev- agreement, BBC News, 20 March (PRT) security force, provides security eral US and Afghan commandos have outside the Farah justice centre building NATO forces say agree to leave key been shot dead in a so-called insider during a meeting with the Farah provin- Afghan province near Kabul, Reuters, attack, US and Afghan sources say cial chief justice, 4 May 2013—photo credit: US DoD/ flickr 20 March ISAF chief: Karzai claim of U.S., Tali- UN blames rise in violence against ban collusion is 'categorically false', Attacks Over 2 Days Kill at Least 30 Afghan women on culture, Dawn.com, CNN, 11 March Afghan Police Officers, New York 19 March—the UN Special Envoy to Afghan actor Nazar Mohammad Ma- Times, 28 February Afghanistan Jan Kubis attributed a jnonyar Helmandi killed in Nato air rise last year in the violent deaths of strike, Times of India, 11 March women and girls to cultural norms, Kabul wants control over units NATO rather than the ongoing conflict. Over NATO Kills Afghan Actor in Southwest formed in Afghanistan, The Voice of 300 women and girls were killed and Airstrike, anti-war.com, 10 March - Russia, 28 February some 560 injured in 2012, the militants captured actor on suspicion NATO admits Afghanistan security "majority [of which] is linked to do- of spying stats were wrong, ABC News, 28 Feb- mestic violence, tradition, culture of NATO engages young women and ruary the country," Kubis said men in Afghanistan, NATO News, 8 U.N. Report Flags Afghanistan Fraud, NATO chief says Karzai accusation March Wall Street Journal, 27 February - the "absolutely ridiculous", Reuters, 18 NATO Secretary General reviews tran- United Nations Law and Order Trust March sition progress in Helmand, NATO Fund for Afghanistan (commonly Secretary General sees significant News, 5 March known as Lotfa), which funds salaries shift in security in Helmand, NATO and benefits for the Afghan National In Kabul, NATO Secretary General News, 18 March—Anders Fogh Ras- Police, has turned a blind eye to pro- relays message of Alliance commit- mussen gave an update on NATO’s curement fraud within the fund. Ac- ment to Afghanistan, NATO News, 4 Afghan mission and his recent visit to cording to an internal UN report, March Helmand province during his monthly some Lotfa staff colluded with suppli- press conference at NATO HQ NATO says fair Afghan polls key to ers to inflate the prices of supplies, post-2014 peace, France 24, 4 March and "the fact that procurement fraud Nato troops in Afghanistan 'in a simi- occurred and continued undetected lar situation to failed Soviet invasion', NATO expects decision on post-2014 for so long was only possible due to The Telegraph, 15 March—NATO Afghan force by mid-year, Reuters, 4 the failure of UNDP management" troops in Afghanistan find themselves

Issue No.42 April/May 2013 Page 7 Commentary and Reports ISN, 20 March—The precarious secu- Amrullah Saleh: Believing Paki- rity situation in Pakistan has stan could change The search for common ground: civil– prompted NATO to look to Uzbekistan Sherard Cowper-Coles: Never military relations in Afghanistan, 2002 as an alternative transportation route developing a political strat- –13, Ashley Jackson and Simone Hay- for its planned withdrawal from Af- egy som, HPG Working Papers, April 2013 ghanistan. Yet, as Sonia Rothwell – Afghanistan is the longest running reveals, many member-states remain Sarah Chayes: Turning Afghani- experiment in stabilisation. Experi- uncomfortable working with a regime stan over to criminals ences in Afghanistan have irrevocably that has a poor human rights record Alex Strick Van Linschoten and shaped how aid agencies regard and Felix Kuehn: Failing to un- The Withdrawal of NATO Forces from relate to military forces during conflict derstand Afghanistan Afghanistan: Consequences for Tajiki- and, arguably, vice-versa. Based on stan, Muzaffar Olimov and Saodat Frederick W. Kagan: Leaving in extensive interviews with actors from Olimova, The Institute for European, 2014 all sides and a review of literature, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Af- What Went Right? Peter Bergen, this analysis aims to uncover lessons ghanistan Regional Forum No. 6, Foreign Policy, March/April from Afghanistan about what can be March 2013 2013 - critics of the war are achieved through structured engage- missing the big picture: Af- ment, at various levels, on civil– Afghan women as a measure of pro- ghanistan is much better off military issues gress, M. Ashraf Haidari, Foreign Pol- today icy, 18 March Passing the buck in Kabul, Imran The Inside Story of How the White Malik, The Nation, 21 April We Are Those Two Afghan Children, House Let Diplomacy Fail in Afghani- Killed by NATO While Tending Their Immunity demanded before US and stan, Vali Nasr, Foreign Policy, March/ Cattle, truthout, 10 March NATO stay in Afghanistan, Ken Han- April 2013 ley, DigitalJournal.com, 20 April NATO in Afghanistan - From refugee Heavy weapons training hits the tar- to rap star, NATO Channel TV/ You Take the Bilateral Security Agreement get, NATO News, 28 February Tube, 6 March - female rapper Out of Afghan Politics, Sarah Chayes, Soosan Firooz talks about her rise NATO's thorny prison dilemma, Louisa Carnegie Europe, 15 April from refugee to rap star, and how Loveluck, Foreign Policy (blog), 27 ♠♠ The Great Afghan Corruption conditions for women in Afghanistan February Scam—How Operation are changing ♠♠ How Not to Withdraw from Af- Enduring Freedom Mu- Russia’s Concerns ghanistan, Jim Mcdermott and Law- tated into Operation About Afghanistan rence Wilkerson, Foreign Policy, 26 Enduring Corruption, After NATO, Judy February Dilip Hiro, TomDis- Dempsey, IHT, 5 patch.com, 2 April Afghanistan Annual Report 2012. Pro- March tection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, Afghanistan: the pros- ♠♠ What Went Wrong UNAMA-UNOHCHR, February 2013 pects and challenges in Afghanistan? For- ahead, SDA Report, Looking Over Your Shoulder: NATO eign Policy, March/ March 2013 and the Rise of ‘Green on Blue’ At- April 2013: tacks in Afghanistan, Aaron Will- Taliban Talks: Past, Rory Stewart: Trying schick, Atlantic Council of Canada, 26 Present and Prospects to do the impossible February for the US, Afghanistan Pervez Musharraf: and Pakistan, Danish Afghanistan Country Program Evalua- Marginalizing the Institute (DIIS), March tion 2002-11, Independent Evaluation Pashtuns 2013 Group, World Bank, February 2013 Seth G. Jones: Al- NATO, Uzbekistan and lowing a sanctuary in the ISAF Withdrawal, Pakistan

Denmark does not see a Arms Control: Arctic Security: current military threat that needs to be addressed in the Nato won't up presence in Arctic: Why is NATO conference on non-proliferation Arctic,” says Capt. Kudsk. Rasmussen, Oman Daily Ob- the Arctic opens in Split, Dalje.com, 6 May server, 9 May “Naturally you can think of becoming situations where you might pivotal to NATO and its Partners to discuss non- Cowboys and Indians, Redux? have some small border geopoli- proliferation and disarmament chal- NATO in the Arctic, Ritt Gold- conflicts but apart from that tics? lenges, NATO News, 30 April—the stein, CounterPunch, 25 March we don’t see the potential for Andrew ninth Annual NATO Conference on military conflict because we Elwell, WMD Arms Control, Disarmament and Increasing military activity in the Non-proliferation is taking place this Arctic , NATO Watch Briefing believe the nations are there Defen- to share interests rather than ceIQ, 1 year in the Croatian town of Split on Paper No.32, 14 March 6th and 7th May. Hosted by the Croa- compete for them March – Preventing an Arctic Cold War, interview tian Ministry of Foreign and European Paul Arthur Berkman, New York with Dr. Affairs, the event will bring together Times, 12 March Katarzyna Zysk on maritime opera- senior officials from countries on four tions and surveillance in the Arctic continents and the major interna- "Nature is in complete control in the tional organizations Arctic," says Captain Henrik Kudsk, Wants more northern NATO- Andrew Elwell, DefenceIQ, 5 March exercises, Barents Observer, 28 Feb- NATO Inspectors to Fly Over Russia, ruary APA, 26 April

Issue No.42 April/May 2013 Page 8 Cyber Security:

NATO proclaimed winner of Locked Nato Cyber Warfare Manual: Civilian Shield online wargame, Register, 29 Hackers 'Legitimate Targets' For Con- April The Tallinn Manual on the ventional Attacks In War, Michael Rundle, Huffington Post, 19 March NATO Team Wins Cyber Defence Ex- International Law Applicable to ercise, TechWeek Europe, 29 April Cyber Warfare, written at the ♠♠ Rules of cyberwar: don't target invitation of NATO’s Co-operative nuclear plants or hospitals, says Nato Iceland would like to join NATO Cyber manual, The Guardian, 18 March— Defense Center, Global Post, 12 April Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence by an independent ‘International Handbook drawn up for NATO's Co- operative Cyber Defence Centre of What next for European cyber- Group of Experts’, is the result of a security? SDA Report, March 2013 Excellence is first attempt to codify three-year effort to examine how how international law applies to state- NATO Researchers: Stuxnet Attack on extant international law norms sponsored online attacks Iran Was Illegal ‘Act of Force’, Wired, apply to this ‘new’ form of warfare 25 March Security Leader Says U.S. Would Re- Click here for a copy of the taliate Against Cyberattacks, New Report For NATO Justifies Killing Of Manual York Times, 12 March Hackers In A Cyberwar, Huffington Post, 22 March NATO, European governments, hit by To Killing Hackers In Cyber Warfare, "MiniDuke" cyber attack, Reuters, 27 Rabid Response—Is the Pentagon Geekosystem, 21 March February Crazy enough to bring nukes to a cyberfight? Yousaf Butt, Foreign Pol- Cyber attacks must avoid civilian tar- icy, 22 March gets, says Nato manual, Computer- Weekly.com, 19 March I would like to be clear that 5 NATO Countries Agree To Collabo- this team, this defend-the- NATO publishes a how-to manual for rate on Cyberdefense Project, De- nation team, is not a fense News, 21 March cyber warfare, Digital Trends, 19 March defensive team. This is an NATO Commissioned Report Gives OK offensive team that the Defense Department would use to defend the nation if it Defence Budgets, Procurement and were attacked in cyberspace Private Military Companies: Gen. Keith Alexander, US National Security Agency and Cyber Command, speaking to NATO Sec Gen Urges Europe To In- World military spending dips in 2012, the House Armed Services vest in Hard Defense Capabilities, first fall since 1998, Economic Times, Defense News, 7 May 15 April Committee Global Interoperability Consortium's NATO's ACCS passes validation test- Cloud Computing Project Detailed at ing, UPI.com, 8 April-full deployment Council of Canada, 13 March NATO Conference, Sacramento Bee, of a unified air command and control 30 April system for NATO is closer to deploy- Cobham wins order from NATO, Shar- ment following ACCS program testing eCast, 11 March - defence technology Shrinking Europe Military Spending in Belgium group Cobham has been awarded an Stirs Concern, New York Times, 22 order to supply NATO forces with April NATO under pressure as allies cut leading-edge vehicle mounted Impro- defense costs, Deutsche Welle, 6 April National Armaments Directors discuss vised Explosive Device (IED) detec- NATO capabilities, NATO News, 18 NATO minehunting UUV relies on GPU tion equipment in a £16m deal April—top national officials responsi- -based embedded processor from GE Pay up for Nato or shut it down, Philip ble for defence procurement in NATO for imaging sonar, Military & Aero- Stephens, Financial Times, 8 March - member countries gathered in Brus- space Electronics, 23 March Being prepared for new threats re- sels for the biennial Conference of quires military capabilities but no one National Armaments Directors EADS CEO predicts more defence industry consolidation, Reuters, 21 wants to pick up the bill (CNAD) - photo credit: NATO March ESSM acquisition help for NATO, NATO forces to employ Cobham vehi- UPI.com, 28 February - US engineer- cle-mounted IED detection systems, ing and consulting firm Herren Associ- Military & Aerospace Electronics, 16 ates Inc. has been contracted to sup- March port NATO's acquisition of the Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile Analyzing the Merits of NATO’s “Smart Defence” Initiative with Pro- Interview: André Maas, senior techni- fessor Stephen Saideman, William cal officer in NATO codification, De- Zhang, Atlantic Council of Canada, 13 fence IQ Press, 25 February March Defense in an Age of Austerity - NATO Boeing in Line for $300 Million Con- The Connected Forces Initiative: Forces Approach Financial Day of tract to Support NATO, Motley Fool, NATO’s (Im)practical Road to Interop- Reckoning, Stephen Larrabee, RAND 18 April erability, Aaron Willschick, Atlantic Review, February 2013

Page 9 Drones:

♠♠ Remote Control—Our drone delu- drone strikes, CNN, 12 April-the Drone war: sion, Steve Coll, The New Yorker, 6 admission is the first by a Pakistani every attack in May—America’s targeted-killing pro- official, former or current, to ac- Pakistan visual- gram has grown knowledge the ised, The into a campaign A much-quoted line from the movie Apoca- government's Guardian, 25 without borders, lypse Now captured the insanity of the approval of the March—using in which the American air war in Vietnam. “I love the drone campaign. data from the smell of napalm in the morning,” says an Air White House, the commander played by Robert Duvall. Musharraf cave- Bureau for In- CIA, and the “Smelled like... victory.” Updated for drone ated that he vestigative Pentagon all play warfare, this line might read: “I love the signed off on Journalism a part. The role sound of drones in the morning. Sounds strikes "only on a California-based designers Pitch In- of armed drones like... victory.” few occasions, teractive have visualised every in this war is well when a target known attack by the US and Coali- known, but for years neither Presi- was absolutely isolated and no tion military since 2004: See Link dent Obama nor his advisers offi- chance of collateral damage," but the Most Britons back assassination of cially acknowledged their existence. admission still diverges sharply from terrorists in UK or abroad, poll finds, An assassination campaign against the statements of most past and The Guardian, 26 March—YouGov suspected terrorists is not the same present Pakistani officials, who have poll for RUSI defence policy think- as one that occasionally rubs out said they oppose the strikes as a tank finds older people and men are unfriendly political leaders of nation- violation of Pakistan's sovereignty more supportive of 'targeted killings' states, but it raises similar questions. 10 Ways to Fix the Drone War, Rosa Is a program of targeted killing, con- Drone Warfare is Neither Cheap, Nor Brooks, Foreign Policy, 11 April— ducted without judicial oversight or Surgical, Nor Decisive—The Ever- Obama's targeted-killing policy is a public scrutiny, consistent with Destructive Dreams of Air Power mess. Here's what he can do about it American interests and values? Enthusiasts, William J. Astore, Tom- An Inconvenient Truth, Micah Zenko, Dispatch.com, 24 March Drone Strikes Turn Allies Into Ene- Foreign Policy, 10 April—finally, proof mies, Yemeni Says, New York Times, U.S. to Shift Drone Command, Wall that the United States has lied in the 23 April-the US Senate Judiciary Street Journal, 20 March—the White drone wars Committee heard testimony from six House is looking to move its lethal experts on the "Constitutional and Targeted Killing Comes to Define War drone program from the CIA to the Counterterrorism Implications" of the on Terror, New York Times, 7 April Department of Defense, which would covert US drone programme. Many make the targeted killing campaign A Secret Deal on Drones, Sealed in of the pan- dependent on the consent of host Blood, New York Times, 6 April ellists countries and subject to international warned that Why Sticks and Stones Will Beat Our laws of war. But the current proposal the drone Drones, Rosa Brooks, Foreign Policy, leaves Pakistan, where the vast ma- strikes are 4 April—the persistent dangers of jority of US drone strikes have taken engendering low-tech warfare place, under the jurisdiction of the deep anti- CIA. And the program could be U.S. Drone Strikes In Afghanistan American- transferred to the Pentagon's Joint Cause Vil- ism in the Special Operations Command, a sec- lagers To countries tor of the military that is just as (if Flee: Re- where they not more) secretive than the CIA port, Huff- are taking ington Post, How Many Americans Are on the Kill place. 28 March List? Zero, Global Security Newswire, Among 21 March those ex- Hitting the perts was Target? How This Is Not the Drone Debate We're Yemeni New Capa- Looking For, Micah Zenko, Foreign youth activ- bilities are Policy, 19 March—How Rand Paul ist Farea al- Shaping and company are totally missing the Muslimi, International point who said a Interven- An Integrative Approach to NATO drone strike tion, Michael and Unmanned Aerial Systems, hit his na- Aaronson Stephanie Baulig & Andrew Barr, tive village of Wessab six days ago, and Adrian atlantic-community.org, 4 March— sparking fear and anger in the resi- Johnson, as combat UAVs become a more dents. "What radicals had previously RUSI White- common counterterrorism tool for failed to achieve in my village, one hall Report 2 the US military, NATO should con- drone strike accomplished in an in- -13, March 2013—while the US drone sider the development of an Alliance- stant: There is now an intense anger -strikes programme is under re- wide integrated drone network; such and growing hatred of America," al- newed scrutiny, remotely piloted a framework would prove to be cost- Muslimi said aircraft are but one element of mod- effective and potentially unifying, ern precision-strike capability. Mili- Clip the Agency's Wings—Why while augmenting NATO's limited tary action in Mali, Libya and else- Obama needs to take the drones engagement capabilities. This, how- where has demonstrated the con- away from the CIA, Micah Zenko, ever, should not replace conventional tinuing, critical reliance on advanced Foreign Policy, 16 April military technology. technological capabilities in modern Ex-Pakistani President Musharraf Western intervention admits secret deal with U.S. on

Page 10 Enlargement and Partnerships:

study tour aimed at promoting dia- Partners - who needs them? NATO Ireland's Defence Minister to find out Review, May 2013—partnerships in logue with NATO alliances are not new. The simple Photostory: partners in action— Armenia refrain that ‘my enemy’s enemy is my Afghanistan is not the only operation NATO Parliamentary Assembly dis- friend’ shows the logic of linking up where NATO has teamed up with cussed Armenian-Azerbaijani rela- with like-minded people, organisa- partners. This photostory shows a few tions, Armenpress.am, 7 May tions or countries. And NATO has examples of partners work- been taking advantage of partner- Australia ships since the 1990s. But now, with ing side by side security challenges becoming increas- with NATO NATO chief praises Australian special forces, Herald Sun, 26 April ingly diverse, NATO Review asks: is NATO’s 'neutral' this the moment when partnerships European part- Will NATO and Australia become key have become more important than ners: valuable factors in the US pivot to the Asia- ever? contributors or free riders? Stanley Pacific Region? NATO Watch News The changing Arctic: how involved Sloan takes a deliberately provocative Brief, 1 March view of whether all sides benefit should NATO be? A global challenge Azerbaijan requires a equally from neutral countries part- global ap- nering with NATO. Here he looks at NATO chief praises Azerbaijan's con- proach. And the the pros and tribution to int'l peace effort in Af- melting of the cons of the ghanistan, AzerNews, 5 April Arctic ice is arrangement Azerbaijani servicemen to take part in certainly an for the coun- NATO events. News.Az, 1 March issue whose tries and the Alliance effects will be Bahrain felt around the world. But how much Sweden: a is this a NATO issue? What role could Bahrain for closer ties with Nato, Gulf special NATO partner? Sweden's News, 18 April – or should – the Alliance play? NATO forces haven't been involved in a Review interviews the Norwegian For- combat mission for over 50 years. But Bahraini Diplomats To Attend Nato eign Minister, Espen Barth Eide, to they have stood ready to assist in Forum, Bahrain News, 14 March see why he invited NATO to take a many NATO operations since the Bosnia & Herzegovina closer look at the issue 1990s. Ryan Failure to Join, Kelly Stephens, Atlan- Why partners matter: four foreign Hendrickson tic Council of Canada, 18 April ministers ex- here makes the case for Swe- plain—What CSTO are partners? den to be called And why are a special part- NATO not yet ready for cooperation they impor- ner to NATO with Collective Security Treaty Or- tant? NATO ganization - CSTO Secretary General, Global Partner- Russia Beyond the Headlines, 26 Review asked ship? The Challenges of an Internationally four foreign Connected NATO and the ‘Seven Conti- March ministers past and present to explain nent Strategy’, Aaron Willschick, Atlan- Cyprus why partners have a key role in secu- tic Council of Canada, 6 May Cyprus eyes NATO's Partnership for rity, where they can help and what Peace, Economic Times, 8 April the partners get out of their involve- ♠♠ NATO’s Partnerships After 2014: Go West! Karl-Heinz Kamp and Heidi ment. Russia moving into the Mediterranean Reisinger, NATO Defence College Re- and perhaps into partnership with Ashton and Paloméros: why the EU search Paper No.92, May 2013—this Cyprus? NATO Watch News Brief, 22 and NATO need partners—NATO Re- paper argues that as a substitute for March view asks two today’s host of different partnership of NATO and fora (EAPC, MD, ICI, NATO-Ukraine Partners for Peace?: Cyprus, NATO the EU's top Commission, NATO-Georgia Council), and the EU, Atlantic Council of Can- officials how just three concentric circles should ada, 21 March they see part- exist politically around NATO member nerships. And states: the Advanced Partners; Coop- Cyprus crisis raises security ques- whether they eration Partners; and Dialogue Coun- tions, Financial Times, 21 March could see a way tries US welcomes stronger ties with to partnering with each other more Global Insights: NATO’s Evolving NATO, Cyprus Mail, 13 March – the Ireland: dealing with NATO and neu- Partnership Portfolio in Asia, Richard US welcomes Cyprus’ commitment to trality—Ireland Weitz, World Politics Review, 16 April strengthen ties to NATO, US ambas- has been a sador said NATO General participates in Jakarta partner of NATO Egypt since the International Defence Dialogue 2013, 1990s. So how NATO News, 21 March High-level Policy Makers from Egypt has this sat Visit of senior think tankers and policy visit NATO to discuss NATO-Egypt with the coun- makers from the Asia-Pacific region, Cooperation, NATO News, 13 March— try's famed NATO News, 13 March— a group of a delegation of high-level policy mak- neutral status? senior security experts, think tankers ers from Egypt visited NATO HQ for And what benefit does it bring to ei- and policy makers from the Asia- discussions with NATO officials in the ther side? NATO Review interviews Pacific region took part in a four-day framework of the Mediterranean Dia- logue

Page 11 Enlargement and Partnerships…. continued

Georgia litical dialogue and practical coopera- tional Staff and Int. Military Staff tion in a wide range of areas of mu- Have Georgia's NATO prospects been tual interest over the past two dec- Moldova pre-determined? Messenger.ge, 8 ades. The breadth of this cooperation May Destroying dangerous pesticides in and the strategic vision underpinning Moldova, NATO News, 28 February - Georgia stuck in the threshold of it are captured in the joint political 20 years after independence, Moldova NATO's doors, Messenger.ge, 1 May declaration that was signed during is still grappling with the effects of the recent visit of NATO’s Secretary PM Sets NATO MAP as a Target for intensive agriculture production from General to Tokyo Next Year, Civil Georgia, 30 April the former Soviet period. In the Japan, Nato Adopt 1st Joint Political 1970s, large quantities of fertilizers, NATO PA President says NATO doors Statement, Bernama, 16 April pesticides and dangerous chemicals open for Georgia, AzerNews, 30 April were used on Moldovan soil to maxi- NATO chief, Abe pledge closer secu- Ivanishvili optimistic about NATO mise crop yields. Although now pro- rity cooperation, The Japan Times, 16 membership prospects, Democracy hibited, over 3000 tonnes of these April and Freedom Watch, 29 April pesticides are still stored in 450 Nato lauds Japan co-operation poorly equipped facilities. A NATO- Georgia's Dangerous Slide Toward pledge, News24, 15 April sponsored project is helping to ad- NATO, Doug Bandow, The National dress this problem Interest, 26 April NATO Secretary General calls Japan 'natural partner', NATO News, 15 Mongolia Georgia offers NATO to transport April—Anders Fogh Rasmussen cargo from Afghanistan via regional Launch of Two SPS Projects in Mon- stressed the value of closer coopera- railway, Azer News, 24 April golia, NATO News, 13 March—the first tion with Japan, closer links with the two civilian cooperation projects be- NATO: Georgia can play mediating Asia-Pacific region and global partner- tween NATO and Mongolia within the role between Azerbaijan and Armenia, ships in a speech delivered at the framework of the Science for Peace Trend.Az, 17 April Japan National Press Club in Tokyo and Security (SPS) Programme were Saakashvili: Path to NATO lies NATO and Japan sign Political Decla- launched in late February in Ulaan- through friendship with Turkey, Az- ration for a stronger partnership, baatar erNews, 8 April NATO News, 15 April-Rasmussen Montenegro signed a Joint Political Declaration NATO approves Georgia’s Annual Na- with the Japanese Prime Minister Prime Minister of Montenegro meets tional Programme, Trend.Az, 19 Shinzo Abe which provides a frame- with the Secretary General and ad- March work for the further development of dresses the North Atlantic Council, NATO News, 26 March—the Prime Prospects for Georgia's integration the relationship with Japan Minister of Montenegro Milo Đukano- into NATO discussed at Brussels Fo- Official Text: Joint Political Declara- vić visited NATO HQ and met with rum, Trend.Az, 18 March tion between Japan and the North Anders Fogh Rasmussen and also Georgia to integrate into EU, NATO, Atlantic Treaty Organisation, 13 April addressed the North Atlantic Council UPI.com, 8 March - the Georgian Par- Ka-ching!: Abe to bargain with NATO liament approved a resolution con- Morocco for Japanese role in F-35, The Japan tinuing its integration into the EU and 'NATO’s approach to a rapidly chang- Times, 19 March NATO ing Middle East and North Africa’, Kazakhstan NATO Assistant Secretary General for Israel Political Affairs and Security Policy, Kazakh Defence Minister meets with Turkey Blocks Meeting of NATO Group Ambassador Dirk Brengelmann, key- NATO Special Representative for Cau- which Includes Israel, Arutz Sheva, note speech at a Seminar on “Political casus and Central Asia, Trend.Az, 27 17 April—despite Israel’s recent apol- and Security Changes in North Africa: March ogy, Turkey has declined to agree to implications for Peace and Co- a meeting of NATO's Mediterranean Kosovo operation in the Euro-Mediterranean and Transatlantic Regions” jointly Dialogue group, which includes Israel Kosovo deal leaves new role, new organised by the NATO Parliamentary support for NATO presence, Stars and Israel: A De Facto Member of NATO, Assembly and the Parliament of the Stripes, 25 April Michel Chossudovsky, Global Re- Kingdom of Morocco, 16 April search, 11 March Macedonia Members of Parliament from Morocco Peres, NATO Secretary General Dis- Time to Unblock Macedonia’s Acces- visit NATO Headquarters, NATO cuss Strategic Cooperation, Arutz sion to NATO, Sally Painter, ISN Blog, News, 7 March Sheva, 8 March 3 May Moroccan Minister Delegate for For- NATO Secretary General meets Presi- System/Network Administrators from eign Affairs visits NATO, NATO News, dent of Israel, NATO News, 7 March - the former Yugoslav Republic of Ma- 5 March - Morocco’s Minister Delegate Anders Fogh Rasmussen held talks cedonia train in cyber defence, NATO for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation with the President of Israel Shimon News, 17 April visited NATO HQ and was welcomed Peres Mauritania by NATO Deputy Secretary General Japan Ambassador Vershbow. "This is the Mauritanian officers visit NATO HQ, first time a minister from Morocco has Japan: NATO’s longest-standing part- NATO News, 12 April—a group of offi- visited the Alliance bilaterally, and it ner in the Asia-Pacific, NATO News, cers from the Mauritanian military bears witness to our continued com- 19 April—building on initial contacts academy, visited NATO HQ for a se- mitment to strengthen our political that were made in the early 1990s, ries of briefings and discussions with consultation and our practical coop- NATO and Japan have developed po- officials from the Alliance's Interna- eration," said Ambassador Vershbow

Page 12 Enlargement and Partnerships…… continued Exercises:

Serbia Korea, NATO Secretary General An- Scotland hosts major NATO war ders Fogh Rasmussen said during a games, NATO Watch Briefing No. 35, NATO Secretary General welcomes three-day visit to Seoul, the first ever 2 May Belgrade-Pristina Agreement on Nor- by a NATO Secretary General malisation, NATO Press Release, 19 Six NATO ships on stop-over in Bel- April NATO Chief In South Korea On Three- fast, BBC News, 26 April Day Visit, RTT News, 11 April Serbia marks 14th anniversary of Department of National Defence: Ca- NATO bombing, b92, 24 March Nato head to carry out 'long-planned' nadian Armed Forces to Participate in visit to South Korea, Straits Times, 9 Joint Multinational NATO Exercise, Serbian parliamentarians visit NATO April Atlantic Council of Canada, 25 April Headquarters, NATO News, 19 March— in cooperation with the NATO Sweden Collective defence war games in the PA, NATO’s Public Diplomacy Division Sweden, Russia, Nato, and Extraordi- Baltic region to involve 5,000 NATO hosted a group of Serbian MPs. The nary Political Theatre? Ritt Goldstein, soldiers, Lithuanian Tribune, 22 April visit was part of efforts to strengthen Counterpunch, 26-28 April NATO’s relations with Serbian key Washington: NATO allies participate decision-makers and to broaden the Tajikistan in Proud Manta, avionics intelligence, public debate about Serbia’s partner- 4 March Tajikistan's Rahmon Meets With EU, ship with the Alliance. NATO Leaders In Brussels, Radio Free South Korea Europe/ Radio Liberty, 10 April The Republic of Korea: a partner in President of Tajikistan visits NATO tackling global security challenges, headquarters, NATO News, 10 April— NATO News, 19 April—Anders Fogh the President of Tajikistan, Emomali Rasmussen’s visit coincided with Rahmon, visited NATO HQ and met mounting tensions on the Korean NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh peninsula Rasmussen South Korea: NATO's Asian Pivot, UAE Philip Cane, atlantic-community.org, Rasmussen welcomes closer NATO- 15 April—North Korea's threats and Gulf cooperation, Kuwait News belligerent actions towards South Agency, 19 April Korea, a NATO partner and a valuable contributor to operations globally, Ukraine HMS Westminster and HMS Diamond dur- should be a core concern to NATO as ing Exercise Joint Warrior. Warships and the country's security is entwined World’s largest demilitarization pro- aircraft from across the Royal Navy took ject boosts industry in Ukraine, NATO with that of the United States and the part in a huge maritime exercise off the News, 8 April—the NATO-Partnership global economy. As North Korea con- coast of Scotland. HMS Diamond is a Type tinues to assert its military might, Trust Fund project for the destruction of conventional munitions, small 45 destroyer—photo credit: Royal Navy/ NATO members should consider pro- flickr. viding relevant military aid to the arms, light weapons and landmines in region, including airborne intelligence Ukraine is making signifi- cant progress, but future First ever NATO Secretary General funding remains a chal- visit to Republic of Korea ends, NATO lenge. The project is News, 13 April—Anders Fogh Rasmus- helping address the po- sen concluded a three-day trip to the tential threat posed by Republic of Korea with a short visit to Ukraine’s large stocks of the Korean Demilitarized Zone old and obsolete weapons and ammunition accumu- First visit by a NATO Secretary Gen- lated since WWII. It has eral to Republic of Korea focuses on also boosted Ukrainian cooperation, NATO News, 12 April— industry and created 110 the Alliance looks forward to stepping jobs up its partnership with the Republic of

Energy Security:

SENT explores energy efficiency for Re-defining NATO’s Role in Energy 42 Commando Royal Marines, launches an the military in cold climates, NATO Security: Far more than just ‘boots on assault during Exercise Joint Warrior. In- News, 18 March—NATO's Smart En- the ground’, Simone Stawicki, Atlantic volving more than 40 warships, 40 fixed- ergy Team (SENT) was launched at the Council Canada, 15 March wing aircraft and 30 helicopters from the end of 2012 to advance energy effi- UK, Netherlands, Canada, France, Denmark, Europe’s Energy Security: Options and ciency in the military. On its first field- Belgium, Norway, Poland, Sweden and Ger- Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Di- trip, the team of experts from 8 na- many, over 12,000 personnel took part in tions visited an energy camp set up by versification, Michael Ratner, Paul Bel- kin, Jim Nichol and Steven Woehrel, the exercise. This Task Group was put to the Defence Research & Development Can- test off the East and West coasts of Scotland ada near Montréal Congressional Research Service, 15 March during April—photo credit: Royal Navy/ flickr

Page 13 Gender:

Sexual Assaults in Military Raise challenges the world's women face. Alarm in Washington, New York View from the Times, 7 May top - Lena Olv- Women’s role in promoting good ing is COO for governance in the defence and secu- defence and rity sector, NATO News, 15 March— security com- experts on gender and building in- pany Saab. She Women: paying the price of conflict? has also been tegrity met to discuss women’s role in NATO Review, March 2013 - It is reducing the risk of corruption and voted Sweden's mainly men who wage war. And it is most powerful businesswoman. What promoting good practices in the de- mainly women (and children) who suf- fence and security sector advice does she have for women who fer from it. These undeniable facts want to make it in security? Celebrating female leadership at have led the international community Women in security: climbing a very NATO, NATO News, 12 March to try to tackle some of the key issues leading to this situation: from fighting long ladder - What's it like to be a NATO and the International Women’s gender violence to promoting female young woman rising up the ranks of Day - NATO supports struggle for role models. But, as this edition of the security gender equality, NATO News, 8 March NATO Review sets out, the case for world? We - Mari Skåre, the NATO Secretary more effort re- asked Ioanna General’s Special Representative for mains compelling Zyga, who has Women, Peace and Security, under- worked at Women on the lined NATO’s continued support for both NATO frontline - if you the worldwide struggle for gender and the Euro- have ever equality in a video statement to mark pean Parlia- doubted that International Women’s Day. ment about her experiences - and women suffer "Achieving gender equality is our col- whether she sees it as still a male- most from con- lective task. And NATO is doing its dominated world flict, this short video will show you part," she said some figures that may make you think Involving women in preventing, man- again. aging and resolving conflicts, NATO Women in security: personal stories - Some 3,073 people were killed in the News, 8 March - NATO and its opera- we ask women terrorist attacks on the United States on tional partners in ISAF and KFOR are how they got 9/11. Between that day and June 6, 2012, demonstrating a strong commitment interested in se- 6,488 US soldiers were killed in combat in to promoting the important role that curity issues, Iraq and Afghanistan, bringing the death women can play in preventing, man- whether they've toll for America’s war on terror at home aging and resolving conflicts been victims of and abroad to 9,561. During the same stereotyping and period, 11,766 women were murdered in International Women's Day with what personal the United States by their husbands or NATO's Mari Skaare, atlantic- experiences have boyfriends, both military and civilian. The community.org, 7 March— in celebra- struck them. greater number of women killed here at tion of International Women's Day, home is a measure of the scope and the Women's fight in pictures - Women's Mari Skaare, answers questions on furious intensity of the war against women, fight for better treatment starts early. NATO's implementation of UNSCR a war that threatens to continue long after From lack of education, to gender vio- 1325 in the Alliance and its missions, the misconceived war on terror is history. specifically in Afghanistan. Ms. Skaare lence through to addresses the role of female soldiers, being responsi- ♠♠ Men Who Kick Down Doors—Tyrants at the presence of women in decision- ble for the next Home and Abroad, Ann Jones, making, and NATO's long-term com- generation, this TomDispatch.com, 21 March mitment to gender issues in Afghani- photostory sets stan out some of the

Libya: Mali:

Libyan Air Force working with Europe Rebel Forces in Northern Mali: Docu- to rebuild capabilities, Richard de mented Weapons, Ammunition and Silva, DefenceIQ, 18 April Related Materiel, Conflict Armament “One must bear in mind that Research/ Small Arms Survey, April Benghazi celebrates second anniver- 2012 sary of NATO action; excited crowds it was almost 50 years ago The Jihadi from the Block, Peter Tinti, prevent Sarkozy from attending since Sweden last partici- event, Libya Herald, 20 March Foreign Policy, 19 March—in the war pated in a live operation with for the heart of northern Mali, the real What did Sweden take from Opera- fighter aircraft [the Congo fear isn’t al Qaeda, it’s the criminals and fundamentalists lurking just tion Unified Protector? Andrew El- crisis during the 1960s],” well, DefenceIQ, 14 March around the corner said Lt Col Wilson.

Page 14 Maritime Security:

NATO forces interact with Chinese An Unlikely Alliance: Ukraine and UN Security Council Resolution 1973. naval vessel during counter piracy NATO in the Battle Against Maritime At its peak, OUP would account for operations, NATO News, 14 April—in Piracy, Aaron Willchick, Atlantic Coun- the deployment of no less than 21 the spirit of cooperation, a team of cil of Canada, 26 March naval assets (supply ships, frigates, Italian Marines from NATO’s Flagship, destroyers, submarines, amphibious ITS San Marco, demonstrated a fast NATO's Maritime Strategy and the assault ships and aircraft carriers), rope insertion used in counter piracy Libya Crisis as Seen from the Sea, enabling air strikes ashore, humani- operations onto the deck of the CNS Research Paper 90, Brooke A. Smith- tarian assistance, safety of life at sea Harbin, Flagship of the Chinese Task Windsor, NATO Defense College, (search and rescue) and the surveil- Group in the Gulf of Aden March 2013 — within days of its pub- lance of an area measuring approxi- lic release, NATO’s new Alliance Mari- mately 61.000 nautical square miles. NATO Indian Ocean Task Force in- time Strategy (AMS) would be put to This paper offers an assessment of volved in dramatic rescue of burning the test with the arrival of the Libyan how the Strategy fared in its inaugu- bulk carrier, NATO News, 30 March crisis and the launch of Operation ral encounter with real-world events Unified Protector (OUP) to implement

Missile Defence:

Russia Calls For More Antimissile 31 March U.S. Cancels Part of Missile Defense Talks With U.S., Global Security That Russia Opposed, New York U.S. Interceptor Plans Carry Cost Newswire, 1 May Times, 16 March Risks: GAO, Global Security News- Russia Not Satisfied by U.S. Antimis- wire, 29 March Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense sile Pullback, Global Security News- (BMD) Program: Background and Russia, U.S. Plan High-Level Missile wire, 18 April Issues for Congress, Ronald Defense Talks, Global Security News- O'Rourke, Congressional Research Missile Defense: Confrontation and wire, 26 March Service, 14 March Cooperation, study edited by Alexei Missile Defence Pivots Away from Arbatov and Vladimir Dvorkin (English Army Eyes Cheaper Antimissile Up- Europe? Avnish Patel, RUSI Analysis, version edited by Natalia Bubnova), dates, Global Security Newswire, 13 25 March Carnegie Moscow Centre, April 2013 March (386 pages)—written by leading Rus- U.S. Tries to Assure Poland After An- Next Phases of European Missile sian and foreign MD experts. The other Shift on Ballistic Missile De- Shield 'on Track': DOD, Global Secu- authors address its historical evolu- fense, Global Security Newswire, 25 rity Newswire, 13 March tion and military technical, strategic, March political, and legal aspects Poland to Press Ahead With National Antimissile System, Global Security We regret that the United States waste their Newswire, 21 March money on missile defence and compel us to do the same. The missile shield is nothing for us, Lockheed Sees Hope for Missile Ele- it's a bluff. It poses no military threat. ments to Survive in Other Programs, Dmitry Rogozin, Russian Deputy Prime Minis- Global Security Newswire, 21 March ter, simultaneously maintaining criticism of US antimissile plans for Europe and asserting they Moscow to Discuss Changes in US post no threat to his nation's strategic nuclear Missile Defense Plans, RIA Novosti, 20 forces, Global Security Newswire 16 April March GOP Applauds New Interceptors For Hagel Stands by MEADS Spending, Alaska, Accuses Obama of Secret First European theatre missile inter- Global Security Newswire, 12 April Deal With Russia, Global Security ceptor system achieves NATO inter- Russia Not Mollified by U.S. Antimis- Newswire, 20 March operability, NATO Press Release, 12 sile Revamp: Lavrov, Global Security March—on 6 March, the French/ MEADS Funds in CR Must be Used to Newswire, 12 April Italian SAMP/T surface-to-air missile Terminate Program, Report Says, system successfully engaged and Obama to Request $9B For Missile Global Security Newswire, 20 March destroyed a theatre ballistic missile Defense, Global Security Newswire, 9 U.S. Missile Interceptors Still Set for target in a live-fire test at the French April Romania, Global Security Newswire, Firing Range in Biscarrosse and NATO, Russia consider joint missile- 19 March proved its ability to work with NATO’s defense system, Russia Beyond the interim BMD command and control NATO: US plans for missile defense Headlines, 8 April system (photo credit: NATO) won't leave Europe exposed, Stars NATO Seeks Continuous Antimissile and Stripes, 18 March U.S. Looking "Very Hard" at Future of Coordination With Russia, Global Se- Missile Interceptor: Pentagon, Global U.S. Turnabout on ICBM Interceptor curity Newswire, 2 April Security Newswire, 12 March May Impact Nuke Talks With Russia, U.S. Missile Defense Revamp Opens Global Security Newswire, 18 March Dempsey Invited to Russia for Anti- Door for Russia Compromise: NATO, missile Talks, Global Security News- Next-Gen U.S. Antimissile System Global Security Newswire, 1 April wire, 7 March Dropped for Domestic Reasons but NATO eyes missile shield progress Russia in the Mix: Ex-Envoy, Global Prospects Questionable for Next-Gen with Russia after U.S. move, Reuters, Security Newswire, 18 March ICBM Interceptor, Global Security Newswire, 1 March

Page 15 NATO Foreign Ministers Meeting:

NATO Tells Afghanistan to Meet its Kerry attends first NATO foreign min- Commitments to Ensure Aid, Voice of isters meeting, The Seattle Times, 23 America, 23 April April Kerry urges NATO to plan for Syria Foreign ministerial opens with discus- chemical weapon threat, says allies sion on security hot spots, NATO NATO Foreign Ministers’ Meeting (23 should up aid to rebels, Washington News, 23 April Post, 23 April April 2013): The Secretary General NATO Secretary General - Opening had a lot to say but little of substance NATO must review responses to remarks to North Atlantic Council, on what actually went on behind Syria, chemical weapons, John Kerry You Tube, 23 April closed doors, NATO Watch Briefing says, The Times of India, 23 April Paper No.34, 24 April Foreign Ministers will discuss full Syria main talking point at Kerry's range of security issues, NATO News, Kerry urges NATO to deter Syrian first NATO meeting, AFP, 23 April 23 April chemicals threat, Deutsche Welle, 23 April NATO condemns N Korea threats, The Kerry to Discuss Countering Syrian Australian, 23 April Extremists With NATO Allies, Kerry Tells NATO It Must Plan for Syr- Bloomberg News, 22 April ian Violence Spillover, Bloomberg NATO foreign ministers focus on News, 23 April world hotspots, Deutsche Welle, 23 NATO Secretary General Details Asia April Trip, Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, US Afghan talks: Nato urges Pakistan to Department of Defense, 19 April fight militants, BBC News, 23 April Statement by NATO Foreign Ministers on the Democratic People’s Republic NATO Secretary General briefs the Kerry: NATO Needs Plan for Chemical of Korea, NATO Press Release, 23 press on April Foreign Ministerial & Weapons in Syria, Voice of America, April Q&A, You Tube, 19 April 23 April NATO FMs to talk Syria, Hurriyet Daily Busy agenda for April NATO Foreign NATO should consider how to respond News, 23 April Ministerial, NATO News, 18 April to Syria chemical threat: Kerry, Reuters, 23 April

NATO-Russia Relations:

Why NATO remembers Soviet with- Training Project, RIA No- drawal from Afghanistan, Russia Be- vosti, 10 April yond the Headlines, 4 May—Russian Stavridis Presses for More and Western experts make their NATO-Russia Dialogue, US guesses as to what lies behind Department of Defense NATO’s keen interest in the Soviet News Release, 25 March experience in Afghanistan and what impact it may have on the Russia- Russia moving into the NATO dialogue Mediterranean and perhaps into partnership with Cy- Russia, NATO boost cooperation prus? NATO Watch News Brief, 22 against terrorism, Russia Beyond the partnership was organised by the March Headlines, 25 April NATO Information Office (NIO) in Prospects for a productive NATO- Moscow to mark the 12th anniversary NATO drowning amid austerity and Russia Council meeting in April? of the NIO’s inauguration in 2001. lack of purpose? Russia Today, 24 NATO Watch Briefing Paper No.31, 8 Representatives of the Russian for- April March eign ministry, diplomats from the NATO-Russia Council expands Heli- German and US Embassies, and a Friend or Foe? The Peculiarity of copter Maintenance Trust Fund Pro- number of prominent Russian experts NATO-Russia Relations, Aaron Will- ject for Afghanistan, NATO News, 23 and journalists discussed common schick, Atlantic Council of Canada, 7 April—building on the successful com- interests, new ideas and the need for March - in taking account of some pletion of the first phase of the Heli- political will recent events and interactions be- copter Maintenance Trust Fund Pro- tween the two sides, examines the NATO and Russian Federation in ject, NRC foreign ministers agreed to peculiarity and unpredictability of the Counter Piracy Exercise At Sea, NATO expand the project into new areas. NATO-Russia relationship News, 26 February - a boarding team The project is helping the Afghan Air comprising Italian marines from the Force to develop the capabilities Grushko: "Russia-NATO Council fo- NATO flagship ITS SAN MARCO, in needed to operate and maintain its cuses on important issues", The Voice charge of Operation Ocean Shield, fleet of helicopters independently, of Russia, 6 March and assault forces of the Russian Fed- including much-needed spare parts NATO Information Office in Moscow eration ship SEVEROMORSK trained and technical training (photo credit: marks 12th anniversary, NATO News, together in counter-piracy activities NATO) 28 February - a roundtable discussion as part of a bilateral exercise between NATO to Expand Counter-Drugs on the prospects for NATO-Russia NATO and Russia in the Gulf of Aden

Page 16 Nuclear Weapons:

The Primacy of Alliance: Deterrence with Russia: Issues for Congress, Critical Will, March 2013 - conference and European Security, Lawrence Amy F. Woolf, US Congressional Re- report for the meeting hosted by the Freedman, IFRI Security Studies Cen- search Service, 10 April government of Norway on 4-5 March tre, Proliferation Papers No.46, March 2013 on the Humanitarian Impact of The Lost Logic of Deterrence—What -April 2013—deterrence is still consid- Nuclear Weapons. The report con- the Strategy That Won the Cold War ered as a principle guiding NATO even tains an analysis of the conference, Can -- and Can't -- Do Now, Richard though the actual policy statements highlights from government and K. Betts, Foreign Affairs, March/April lack target, direction and urgency. other interventions, a brief overview 2013 Questioning the credibility of deter- of the Civil Society Forum hosted by rence in Europe and its future, this Conference report: Humanitarian im- the International Campaign to Abol- text recalls that it lies first and fore- pact of nuclear weapons, Reaching ish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) and lists most with solidarity and political co- some additional resources hesion among members of the Alli- Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons, Policy ance, and only secondly with the and Arms Control: Issues for the threat of nuclear retaliation United States, NATO and Russia, Ste- Engaging Russia on Tactical Nuclear ven Pifer, Carnegie, Chapter in re- Weapons: Next steps on confidence port, Match 2013 building, Roundtable Report, BASIC, Nuclear weapons must be eradicated in cooperation with the Arms Control for all our sakes, Desmond Tutu, The Association (ACA), the Institute for Guardian, 4 March - no nation should Peace Research and Security Policy at own nuclear arms – not Iran, not the University of Hamburg (IFSH), North Korea, and not their critics who and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES), take the moral high ground April 2013—report based on roundta- ble in Brussels on 15 April focused on ♠♠ Deterrence Logic and NATO’s Nu- potential ways forward for improving clear Posture, Damon V. Coletta, confidence between Russia and NATO Strategic Studies Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 1, Spring 2013 Obama accused of nuclear U-turn as guided weapons plan emerges, The Picking The Low Hanging Fruit, Memo Guardian, 21 April—plan to spend on NATO’s tactical nuclear weapons $10bn on updating nuclear bombs and more European church and civil goes against 2010 pledge not to de- society support for the US policy to- ploy new weapons, say critics wards a nuclear weapon free world, Laurens Hogebrink, Church and Soci- $1 Billion for a Nuclear Bomb Tail, ety Commission of the Conference of Hans Kristensen, FAS Strategic Secu- European Churches, February 2013 rity Blog, 12 April Next Steps in Nuclear Arms Control Reform:

NATO officials gather in Va. to de- General Philip M. Breedlove—photo credit: all NATO military operations. velop ways to best address future NATO challenges, Washington Post, 7 May SACEUR, traditionally a United The Supreme Allied Commander Europe States Flag or General officer, is NATO, Eucom Commander Outlines (SACEUR) is one of NATO’s two strategic dual-hatted as Commander of the Challenges Ahead, US Defense De- commanders and is the head of Allied US European Command. His NATO partment, 22 April Command Operations (ACO). He is respon- command is exercised from the NATO's Lack Of Any Serious Pur- sible to NATO’s highest military authority, Supreme Headquarters Allied Pow- pose Means It Should Retire, Doug the Military Committee, for the conduct of ers Europe (SHAPE) at Casteau, near Mons, Belgium Bandow, Forbes, 22 April USAFE commander confirmed for NATO/EUCOM command, Air Force Link, 22 April NATO announces nomination of Also see NATO Watch General Philip M. Breedlove as Su- Comment: preme Allied Commander Europe, NATO News, 28 March—the North How about a European Atlantic Council approved the nomi- nation of General Philip M. for SACEUR this time, Breedlove, USAF, to the post of you guys? 21 Febru- Supreme Allied Commander Europe ary 2013 After 61 years, NATO headquarters in Heidelberg deactivates, Stars and Stripes, 14 March

Page 17 Responsibility to Protect (R2P):

Toolkit on the Responsibility to Pro-  How R2P relates to other interna- East and North Africa, 17-18 Decem- tect, The International Coalition for tional agendas, including Women, ber 2012, Broumana, Lebanon, The the Responsibility to Protect (ICRtoP), Peace and Security, the Protec- International Coalition for the Re- March 2013—this educational toolkit tion of Civilians in Armed Conflict, sponsibility to Protect (ICRtoP) and aims to enhance widespread access to Arms Trade and Diversion, and Coalition member, the Permanent comprehensive teaching tools on the International Justice Peace Movement (PPM), March 2013 Responsibility to Protect (R2P). The Implementing The Responsibility To document includes an overview of:  How civil society prevents and protects populations from geno- Protect: New Directions For Interna-  Why the R2P is necessary and cide, war crimes, crimes against tional Peace And Security? Eduarda how it developed humanity and ethnic cleansing Passarelli Hamann and Robert Mug-  The range of non-coercive and and how R2P can strengthen gahthe (eds), The Igarapé Institute, coercive measures available to these ongoing efforts Brazil, March 2013 the international community to  The roles of academics, media, Report of the Task Force: The EU and prevent and respond to R2P governments, parliamentarians the Prevention of Mass Atrocities: An crimes and regional and sub-regional Assessment of Strengths and Weak-  Recent applications and misappli- organizations in advancing and nesses, 4 March 2013 cations of R2P implementing R2P Does the lesson from Syria imply it is  Common misconceptions about Civil Society Workshop on The Re- better to save no one? Kyle Mat- R2P sponsibility to Protect & the Preven- thews, The Globe and Mail, 20 Febru- tion of Mass Atrocities in the Middle ary

Scottish Independence and NATO:

Independent Scotland wins backing Why Nato would want Scotland inside Scottish independence: Alex Salmond over Nato and EU, The Scotsman, 1 the tent after Yes vote, Colin Fleming, 'certain' on Nato membership, BBC May Herald Scotland, 14 April News, 10 April On a Fast Track To Membership? NATO makes no membership guaran- Scottish independence: SNP open to NATO and an Independent Scotland, tees for independent Scotland, Russia US military bases, The Scotsman, 6 Aaron Willschick, Atlantic Council of Today, 11 April April Canada, 25 April Nato: independent Scotland would SNP conference: Support for nuclear A nuclear weapons-free Scotland, have to apply for membership, Herald weapons ban, Scotland on Sunday, inside NATO? NATO Watch Comment, Scotland, 10 April 24 March 19 April

We should ... carefully and collectively Syria Crisis: consider how NATO is prepared to respond to protect its members from a Syrian Nato chief voices 'concern' at possible NATO and the Syria Crisis, Aaron threat, including any potential chemical use of chemical weapons in Syria, Willschick, Atlantic Council of weapons threat TheParliament.com, 7 May Canada, 18 April John Kerry, US Secretary of State, cited in Reuters article, 23 April Blurring the Borders: Syrian Spillover Move to Widen Help for Syrian Risks for Turkey, ICG, Europe Report Rebels Gains Speed in West, No. 225, 30 April—as the humanitar- New York Times, 10 April Strike in Syria, Global Security News- ian crisis reaches catastrophic propor- NATO says has no intention of inter- wire, 19 March tions, Syria needs to open its borders vening in Syria, Reuters, 26 March NATO planning for possible Syria mis- to external aid, while Turkey and its sions, official says, CBS News, 19 international partners need more long Enablers of the Syrian Conflict—How March -term planning to meet growing refu- Targeting Third Parties Can Slow the gee needs and avoid having instability Atrocities in Syria, Human Rights NATO resists getting drawn into Syr- spillover the porous border First, March 2013 ian rebel arms debate, Global Post, 18 March NATO missiles defend Turkey as de- Arms Airlift to Syria Rebels Expands, bate rages over whether the West With C.I.A. Aid, New York Times, 24 U.S. Military has 'Options Prepared' should intervene in Syria’s civil war, March for Mitigating Syrian Chemical Attack, Ottawa Citizen, 27 April Syria is already more violent than Global Security Newswire, 6 March Obama Chemical Weapons ‘Red Line’ Iraq, David Kenner, Foreign Policy, 20 U.S. Offers Training and Other Aid to for Syria Keeps Shifting: Former WMD March Syrian Rebels, New York Times, 27 Hunter, Global Security Newswire, 26 Chemicals Would Be ‘Game Changer’ February April in Syria, Obama Says, New York The Russia Gambit, Christopher S. US has a range of military options in Times, 20 March Chivvis, and Edward P. Joseph, For- Syria after revelation of regime use of NATO nurturing Syria contingency eign Policy, 26 February chemical weapons, Washington Post, plan - top US commander, Russia Arming Syrian Rebels might be Nec- 25 April Today, 20 March essary, Cristian Gonzalez, atlantic- To Intervene or Not To Intervene? Sides Trade Claims of Chemical Arms community.org, 26 February

Page 18 Transatlantic Cooperation:

Geopolitical Journey: Nostalgia for NATO, sen received a Distinguished Interna- NATO is sliding into a black hole, the George Friedman, Stratfor, 7 May tional Leadership Award from the rate of its descent accelerated by US Atlantic Council of the United States budget cuts and the Obama admini- Nato chief: EU soft power is 'no power at all', for his service both as NATO Secre- stration's pivot to Asia, as well as by EUObserver.com, 6 May tary General and as Prime Minister of the continuing free fall of defense Secretary General calls on Europe to back up Denmark. At the dinner and awards efforts in Europe. If the Obama ad- diplomacy with military power , NATO News, 6 ceremony, attended by around 800 ministration and its transatlantic allies May—addressing the European Parliament’s international guests, the Secretary should decide to keep NATO from Committee on Foreign Affairs and Subcommit- General called on Europe and North descending further, they should de- tee on Security and Defence, plus chairpersons America "to do more with each other, velop a new initiative giving their of defence and foreign affairs committees of not less; to come closer, not drift alliance the mandate to increase co- national parliaments, Anders Fogh Rasmussen apart; to turn outwards, not inwards" operation on the non-military aspects called for the December European Council on of security Has NATO Outlived Its Usefulness? security and defence to “showcase a Europe New York Times, 23 April—discussion: How to Keep NATO Strong—The that is both able and willing to act,” and to transatlantic alliance cannot be taken encourage the EU and NATO to do more to-  Time for the United States to for granted, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, gether Leave, Andrew J. Bacevich, Bos- Foreign Policy, 10 April ton University NATO, The Existential Question, Jean-Pierre Euro-Atlantic Nations Must Update Stroobants, Le Monde, 5 May—with major  Stop Focusing on Europe, Nancy Security Thinking, Statesmen Say, geopolitical changes and severe economic Walbridge Collins, Columbia Uni- Global Security Newswire, 4 April restraints, some wonder if the military alliance versity is destined for the dustbin of history  The E.U. Must Take on a Military The “End” of NATO? The Alliance and Its Role in the 21st Century, Aaron NATO’s Relevance Determined by Circum- Role, Dmitri Trenin, Carnegie Willschick, Atlantic Council of Canada, stance, Geography, Nick Ottens, Atlantic Senti- Moscow Center 2 April nel, 3 May  Austerity Must ♠♠ Building Mutual Security NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Not Impede in the Euro-Atlantic Region, Rasmussen video blog, ‘Striking a new Security, Des Browne, Wolfgang transatlantic deal’, 2 May Camille Grand, Foundation for Ischinger, Igor Ivanov and Hillary Clinton: NATO risks sliding into Strategic Re- Sam Nunn, Nuclear Threat "military irrelevance", CNN (blog), 2 search Initiative, March 2013 May  The Alliance American Grand Strategy NATO Chief Calls For New Transatlan- Remains Vital, Has Evolved, When Will tic Deal, RTT News, 2 May Xenia Dor- Europe’s? Erik Brattberg, Europe’s World, 11 March ''Striking a new transatlantic deal'', mandy, Chat- acceptance speech by NATO Secretary ham House Is Europe Ready for an General Anders Fogh Rasmussen at US, NATO must American Disengagement? the Atlantic Council of the United continue to work Madariaga Report – 8 Janu- States’ Distinguished leadership together, Breedlove ary 2013 - report of a de- award, in Washington, DC, 1 May says, Stars and bate between Jamie Shea (NATO) and Sven Biscop at Secretary General receives prestigious Stripes, 11 April the Madariaga Foundation US Atlantic Council award, NATO NATO’s Black Hole, Stanley Sloan, News, 1 May—Anders Fogh Rasmus- atlantic-community.org, 10 April—

Transparency & Accountability:

Strengthening transparency, account- ability and integrity in defence and And I think one of the problems is, as I say, this parasitic, osmotic security, NATO News, 15 March— relationship between journalists and power, our ever-growing ability, our wish, to—you know, to rely on these utterly bankrupt comments from senior civilian and military leaders and various unnamed, anonymous intelligence sources. And I’m just looking at a experts met to develop a better under- copy of the Toronto Globe and Mail, February 1st, 2013. It’s a story about al standing of the strategic impact of -Qaeda in Algeria. And what is the sourcing? "U.S. intelligence officials corruption and identify practical ac- said," "a senior U.S. intelligence official said," "U.S. officials said," "the tions to strengthen transparency, ac- intelligence official said," "Algerian officials say," "national security sources considered," "European security sources said," "the U.S. official said," "the countability in the defence and secu- officials acknowledged." But, you know, we might as well name our rity sector newspapers "Officials Say." This is the cancer at the bottom of modern journalism, that we do not challenge power anymore. Why are Americans Intervention by Supreme Allied Com- tolerating these garbage stories with no real sourcing except for very dodgy mand Transformation General characters indeed, who won’t give their names? Palmeros, at the 2013 Building Integ- Robert Fisk on Syria’s Civil War, Chemical Weapons "Theater" & Obama’s rity (BI) Conference, in Monterey, the Backing of Israeli Strikes, Democracy Now, 7 May United States, 26 February

Page 19 Germany Taliban condemn Germany’s troop Upcoming Events: commitment to Afghanistan, Khaama Press, 20 April Safeguarding defence technologies, Germany ready to keep up to 800 SDA Roundtable, Brussels, 29 May troops in Afghanistan, AFP, 18 April RUSI Missile Defence Conference, German court demands video footage London, 12-13 June of Kunduz airstrike, Deutsche Welle, 15 April Redrawing the Security Map, Interna- tional Conference, Palais d'Egmont, Brussels, 27 June—SecDef is an an- Greece nual high-level conference organised Greek's Radical Left: The Dangers of by the Security & Defence Agenda, the Disaffected and the Unemployed, the European Company for Strategic Scott Stewart, Stratfor, 14 March Intelligence and the Konrad-Adenauer -Stiftung. It gathers several hundred Hungary senior decision-makers from EU insti- Hungary may boost contribution to tutions, NATO, national governments, NATO as GDP rises, state secretary industry, civil society and the media says, Politics.hu, 22 April Iceland Teeing Off at Edge of the Arctic? A Chinese Plan Baffles Iceland, New Security News from NATO York Times, 22 March No new NATO mission, Oana Lunescu, Member States: NATO, letter, European Voice, 21 March—NATO's air presence in Ice- land, and the proposed involvement Estonia praised for its commitment to Bulgaria of Finland and Sweden Allied collective security, operations, Bulgarian Prime Minister visits NATO NATO News, 18 March—Estonia was Latvia headquarters, NATO News, 27 commended for its commitment to March—Bulgaria was commended for the Alliance’s collective security and NATO Center plans continue, The its contributions to Allied missions in its operations during a visit by Esto- Baltic Times, 6 March – update on the Afghanistan and Kosovo during the nia’s President Toomas Hendrik Ilves establishment of the NATO Centre of Bulgarian PM’s visit to NATO HQ to NATO HQ Excellence for Strategic Communica- tion in Riga Joint press point with NATO Secretary Joint press point with NATO Secretary General and the Prime Minister and General Anders Fogh Rasmussen and Lithuania Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria, President Ilves of Estonia, NATO Marin Raykov, 27 March Channel/ You Tube, 18 March NATO jets from Lithuania helped shadow Russian planes near Sweden, Canada France Lithuanian Tribune, 22 April Canada’s Financial Commitment to France Isn't Aiming for Nuclear Zero, Netherlands NATO, The Atlantic Council of Canada, The National Interest, 8 May 12 April NATO provides security support for France aims to keep firepower while Dutch royal handover, NATO News, We stand on guard for … Iceland: cutting military, Financial Times, 29 30 April—NATO AWACS patrolled the Canada takes its turn defending only April skies over the Dutch capital of Am- NATO country without an army, Na- sterdam, working with the Royal tional Post, 26 March Terror Haven in Mali Feared After French Leave, New York Times, 17 Netherlands Air Force to safeguard Denmark March Dutch airspace during the royal inves- titure ceremonies and festivities Denmark To Pull Half Of Its Afghan Does France Have a Responsibility to Troops A Year Early, Radio Free Remain in Mali? Paul Pryce and Tim NATO AWACS assists RNLAF to safe- Europe/ Radio Liberty, 20 March— Feller, atlantic-community.org, 7 guard Dutch airspace, DVIDS, 30 Danish PM Helle Thorning-Schmidt March April said that Denmark will pull out half of Dutch diplomat jailed for giving secret its troops from Afghanistan in August, RAF Loading French Vehicle on C17 for Mali Mission—photo credit: UK MoD/ flicker Nato documents to Russian agents, a year earlier than planned The Guardian, 23 April Danish Forces’ helicopter commander Netherlands Hunts for Sarin Nerve discusses requirements, DefenceIQ, Agent Cache, Global Security News- 14 March wire, 2 April Denmark reopens fighter bid, seeking Norway 30 new jets, Andrew Elwell, Defen- NATO boss on whirlwind visit, Views ceIQ, 14 March and News from Norway, 8 May Estonia Norway green lights F-35 delivery for 2017 in $10.8 billion deal, DefenceIQ, Estonia Holds Military Drills with 30 April NATO Allies, RIA Novosti, 9 May

Page 20 Poland Turkey and Egypt nix NATO meet with co-operation with the US, it has Israel, Hurriyet Daily News, 13 April emerged Poland rejoins NATO AGS pro- gramme, Flightglobal, 17 April Rebel Keeps Kurds’ Guns Close at U.K. Must Balance Trident Renewal Hand in Peace Talks With Turkey, With Ability to Conduct Traditional Poland Enacts Missile Defense Law, New York Times, 11 April Military Campaigns, Global Security Global Security Newswire, 15 April Newswire, 1 May A Turkish Perspective on Security Poland to join NATO surveillance pro- Issues in the Mediterranean, Şadi Beyond the Trident Alternatives Re- gramme, thenews.pl, 6 April Ergüvenç, Global Political Trends Cen- view, Nick Ritchie, BASIC Briefing, 4 ♠♠ Old Europe Is Over—Thanks to ter (GPoT - Turkey), April 2013 April Poland, Judy Dempsey, Carnegie Understanding Turkish-Israeli Rap- Options for the United Kingdom’s Europe, 11 March prochement: Why Now, What Next? Nuclear Weapons Programme, NATO Deputy Secretary General Can Kasapoglu, EDAM Discussion Pa- ‘Deterrence, Disarmament, Non- meets Polish Foreign Minister in War- per, 4/2013 Proliferation and UK Trident’, John Simpson, Discussion Paper 4 of the saw, NATO News, 1 March - the NATO Turkey and the Kurds on the Way to a BASIC Trident Commission, An inde- Deputy Secretary General Ambassa- Settlement? Sinan Ülgen, Carnegie pendent, cross-party commission to dor Alexander Vershbow visited War- Europe, 27 March saw and met with Minister of Foreign examine UK nuclear weapons policy, Affairs Radoslav Sikorski and other NATO Land Command to reach initial BASIC March 2013 operational capability by end of Au- high-level officials UK steps up counter terrorism meas- gust, The Journal of Turkish Weekly, ures, Financial Times, 26 March— 22 March Portugal Britain’s security services have Chairman Military Committee con- With Obama as Broker, Israelis and stepped up preparations to deal with firms NATO-Portugal close relation- Turkey End Dispute, New York Times, a possible terrorist attack in the UK ship, NATO News, 1 March - General 22 March using biological weapons, increasing stocks of medical supplies and boost- Knud Bartels paid an official visit to Kurdish leader Abdullah Ocalan de- ing emergency planning to deal with Portugal, where he confirmed the clares ceasefire with Turkey, The such an eventuality strong relationship between Portugal Guardian, 21 March—PKK leader and NATO and engaged with the Chief makes historic gesture to end 30-year UK search and rescue services to be of Portuguese General Staff, General Kurdish war, stressing need 'to solve run by US company, The Guardian, Luís Araújo, and the Portuguese Min- arms problem without losing another 26 March—more than half a century ister of Defence, José Pedro Aguiar- life' of search and rescue by the RAF and Branco, to explore ways for enhanc- Royal Navy ends as Bristow wins The Geopolitical Significance, Or Lack ing NATO capabilities £1.6bn contract Thereof, Of Turkey's NATO Radar, Romania EurasiaNet, 7 March ♠♠ From Iraq to Hacked Off – ten years of Britain trying not to change, PM Ponta offers support for Romanian German, Dutch, Turkish and Ameri- Anthony Barnett , Open Democracy, candidate in race for NATO Secretary can officials from NATO in Brussels 20 March General seat, Romania-Insider.com, visit Patriot deployments, NATO 30 April News, 5 March - a multinational dele- UK announces new chief of defence, gation from NATO HQ in Brussels, Financial Times, 19 March—General Spain with senior officials from Germany, Sir Nicholas Houghton has been cho- Spain and NATO look to the future, the Netherlands, Turkey and the sen as the new chief of the defence NATO News, 15 March—General Knud United States, visited the three de- staff, Britain’s top military figure ployed Patriot sites in Turkey to see Bartels, Chairman of NATO's Military Miliband set to ditch Trident stance, first-hand how these Allied units are Committee, paid an official visit to Financial Times, 17 March Spain, where he discussed with the helping to reinforce Turkey’s air de- Spanish Chief of Defence, Admiral fences against the threat of Syrian Bribe, Cut and Run: Britain's retreat Fernando García Sánchez, NATO de- ballistic missiles from Afghanistan, Con Coughlin, The Spectator, 16 March—the withdrawal fence priorities post-2014, particularly NATO's oil pipeline in Turkey to be from Afghanistan will be one of the Smart Defence, and the Connected opened for civilian use, World Bulle- most daunting challenges ever un- Forces Initiative tin, 4 March dertaken by the British army Protest against NATO missiles as US Turkey UK willing to defy EU on Syrian arms, Secretary of State visits Turkey, eu- Turkey first NATO state with Shanghai Financial Times, 12 March ronews, 2 March Cooperation Organization ties, Hurri- MPs warn on defence spending, Fi- yet Daily News, 29 April United Kingdom nancial Times, 7 March - military NATO Air Command in Izmir to close The Special Relationship Under Aus- spending must stay above 2 per cent in June, World Bulletin, 25 April-Allied terity—Increasing NATO's bang in a of gross domestic product if the UK is Air Command Lieutenant General time of fewer bucks, Philip Hammond, to maintain international commit- Ralph Jodice said main reason behind Foreign Policy, 3 May ments, MPs warned, amid growing transition was to modify NATO to concern over the impact of cuts on changing cir- FP National Security Exclusive Inter- defence; the UK spends about 2.6 cumstances view: U.K. Defense Secretary Philip per cent of GDP on its military, but The Americans won the and needs Hammond, Foreign Policy, 2 May that will drop to 2.2 per cent as war, the Iranians won troops return from service in Afghani- Turkey Blocks the peace and the Turks Defence cuts risk Britain's Nato stan, with more cuts threatened as NATO Meeting won the contracts standing, The Telegraph, 2 May—new defence cuts mean Britain could fall George Osborne looks for extra With Israel, Turkey emerges as true below the NATO standard for defence budget savings across Whitehall Defense Iraq war victor, spending, straining the UK's military News, 15 April Financial Times, 12 March 2013

Page 21 'Defence cuts could undermine Nato Sensitive Covert Action Notifications: ils of a war conducted behind a classi- and Special Relationship', The Tele- Oversight Options for Congress, Mar- fied veil, relying on missile strikes graph, 7 March - new cuts in the de- shall Curtis Erwin, Congressional Re- rarely acknowledged by the American fence budget would force Britain to search Service, 10 April government and complex legal justifi- break its promises to the NATO alli- cations drafted for only a small group ance and put the Special Relationship NATO, Eucom Commander Identifies of officials to read with the US at risk, MPs say ‘Three Big Issues’, US Department of Defense, 9 April Light Foot- Seven military barracks to close in prints: The army restructuring, says Philip American Anniversaries from Hell— Future of Hammond, The Guardian, 5 March - What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You, American Defence secretary tells MPs 30,000 Tom Engelhardt, TomDispatch.com, Intervention, soldiers will be relocated to new bases 28 March Major Fer- across the UK as part of shrinking of nando Lujan, the army Lethal Virus Sample Vanishes From U.S. Biodefense Lab, Global Security Center for a Shadow Lives - How the War on Ter- Newswire, 26 March New Ameri- ror in England Became a War on can Security, BBC-Guardian Exposé Uses WikiLeaks Women and Children, Victoria Brittain, March 2013 to Link Iraq Torture Centers to U.S. TomDispatch.com, 5 March – In this Col. Steele & Gen. Petraeus, Democ- study, the NATO: Still Relevant? St Norbert racy Now, 22 March author ar- Times, 4 March - Dr. Arthur Cyr gave gues that to the third Great Decisions Lecture on effectively February 27, speaking on NATO’s we became obsessed with deal with relevancy in today’s political climate, capturing and killing human emerging concluding that it is still established, targets on lists and on being threats in even if not important suspicious of and avoiding places like Mali, Yemen, Uganda or cooperation with our host nation Libya, civilian and military leaders at United States partners all levels should understand not only the strategic uses and limitations of For American Foreign Policy, No Good Bradley Manning, leaked audio light footprints, but also the ways Options, Robert Kaplan, Stratfor, 8 recording of his pretrial hearing that the current defence bureaucracy May statement in military court late can undermine their success NATO officials gather in Norfolk, last month ♠♠ Mission Unaccomplished - Why the WAVY.com, 26 April Invasion of Iraq Was the Single Worst Foreign Policy Decision in American ♠♠ Filling the Empty Battlefield— The Costs of War: 10 Years After Iraq History, Peter Van Buren, TomDis- Jeremy Scahill, Blowback Reporter, Invasion, New Study Tallies the Mas- patch.com, 7 March Tom Engelhardt, TomDispatch.com, sive Human, Financial Toll, Democ- 23 April racy Now, 19 March The 2013 Cybersecurity Executive Order: Overview and Considerations A Few Bad Men—Why America does- A Unified National Security Budget? for Congress, Eric A. Fischer, Edward n’t really have a terrorism problem, Issues for Congress, Catherine Dale, C. Liu, John Rollins and Catherine A. Max Abrahams, Foreign Policy, 16 Nina M. Serafino and Pat Towell, Con- Theohary, Congressional Research April gressional Research Service, 14 Service, 1 March – this report dis- March— discusses a hypothetical re- Pain Rays and Robot Swarms: The cusses recent executive order 13636 structuring of national security spend- Radical New War Games the DOD on cybersecurity, compares it to ing Plays, Global Security Newswire, 16 pending legislation and reviews the April Bradley Manning Speaks: In Leaked authority of the President to act uni- ♠♠ It Doesn't Take Much—On Almost Court Recording, Army Whistleblower laterally in this area Tells His Story for First Time, Democ- Getting PTSD in Iraq, Jeremiah “Homeland Security” The Trillion- racy Now, 12 March Goulka, TomDispatch.com, 16 April Dollar Concept That No One Can De- U.S. Practiced Torture After 9/11, Freedom of (some) information: US fine, Mattea Kramer and Chris Hell- Nonpartisan Review Concludes, New ‘national security’ hampers data ac- man, TomDispatch.com, 28 February cess, Russia Today, 11 March York Times, 16 April—an independent Rasmussen and Kerry bonding in report by an 11-member panel con- Lockheed Martin's Herculean Efforts Rome, NATO Watch News Brief, 28 vened by the legal research and ad- to Profit From Defense Spending - February vocacy group the Constitution Project The Epic Story of the C-130, Jeremiah NATO Secretary General holds talks has concluded that "it is indisputable Goulka, TomDispatch.com, 10 March that the United States engaged in the with US Secretary of State John practice of torture" in the years after ♠♠ How a U.S. Citizen Came to Be in Kerry, NATO News, 27 February - 9/11, and that high-level officials America’s Cross Hairs, New York Anders Fogh Rasmussen held talks authorized such practices. The report Times, 9 March - this account of what with the new US Secretary of State concludes that torture "reduced our led to the Awlaki strike, based on John Kerry in Rome in the margins of capacity to convey moral censure interviews with three dozen current a Transatlantic Dinner on global is- when necessary and potentially in- and former legal and counterterrorism sues. “Today we discussed many key creased the danger to U.S. military officials and outside experts, fills in issues on NATO’s agenda. These in- personnel taken captive". new details of the legal, intelligence clude the progress of our mission in and military challenges faced by the Afghanistan, maintaining NATO's ro- Covert Action: Legislative Background Obama administration in what proved bust partnerships, and a fair burden- and Possible Policy Questions, Mar- to be a landmark episode in American sharing in our Alliance,” the Secretary shall Curtis Erwin, Congressional Re- history and law. It highlights the per- General said search Service, 10 April

Page 22 N AT O W at c h Source: Seth G. Jones and Martin C. Libicki, How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Counter- 13 North Erradale ing al Qa’ida (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corpora- Gairloch tion, 2008) Scotland IV21 2DS lapsed and gave birth to a number of independent states, several of these E-mail: [email protected] ‘The Costs of War’ report found the total new states had Soviet weapons on their number of people who have died from territory. For all the right reasons, the the Iraq War, including soldiers, international community expressed con- Promoting a more transparent militants, police, contractors, cern about the fact that this created and accountable NATO journalists, humanitarian workers and problematic situations in relation to NPT Iraqi civilians, has reached at least requirements. Money and political capi- 189,000 people, including at least tal was invested to achieve a situation 123,000 civilians. Financially, the report in which Russia was recognised as the estimates a cost to US taxpayers of $2.2 trillion, a figure that could one day only post-Soviet nuclear weapon state. www.natowatch.org approach $4 trillion with the interest The other states dismantled their weap- accrued on the borrowed money used to ons or arranged relocation to Russia. fund the war The independence of Scotland will, for international treaties, be regarded as a split of the United Kingdom. Scotland the nuclear weapons. will not have to renegotiate every treaty The NPT has a lot to offer for the of which it is part now. Like Ukraine or End word: On Scotland Scottish demand. Article II states that Kazakhstan, Scotland will find itself in “Each non-nuclear-weapon State Party the peculiar position of having nuclear Wilbert van der Zeijden, IKV Pax Christi to the Treaty undertakes not to receive weapons on its territory, to which it could in theory have just as much own- Originally published in NPT News in Re- the transfer from any state whatsoever ership rights as the remainder of the view (Vol. 11, No. 6, 29 April 2013) of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices or of control over such UK. But it does not want to take over Next year, the people of Scotland will the UKs role as a nuclear weapon state decide in a referendum whether or not weapons or explosive devices directly, or indirectly.” The Article leaves little and it does not want bombs on its terri- Scotland will continue as an independ- tory. ent sovereign state or stay as a part of room for interpretation. Scotland, as a At a seminar in the Scottish Parlia- the United Kingdom. An independent non-nuclear weapon state, shall not ment this April, Scottish International Scotland will have consequences that have nuclear weapons on its territory. Development Minister Humza Yusaf very are of direct relevance for the NPT. All NATO, however, has throughout the eloquently laid out why and how an in- UK nuclear weapons are on Scottish existence of the NPT, been deploying dependent Scotland may achieve the territory. Deployment of nuclear weap- American nuclear weapons in European status of being nuclear weapons free. ons in an independent Scotland could countries. Currently these weapons are He ended with a call on the international lead to the violation of Articles I and II in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Nether- community to keep up the pressure. of the NPT. Now is the time for states lands, and Turkey. There is every Clear statements by NPT states parties, parties to stress in statements that such chance that the UK will argue that the groups of states, and by representatives an act is unacceptable. Not to threaten deployment of Trident in Scotland is no of civil society will help the Scottish the nascent Scottish nation, but to help different. NATO has always defended its government in its case to demand rapid build their case against the British de- practice with two arguments. One, the removal of the Trident missiles. But, he ployments. And to prevent the UK gov- bombs remain in custody of the US in also hinted, pressure could safeguard ernment, perhaps aided by NATO “peace time” and as such are not trans- against possible tendencies within the states, from cooking up some subjective ferred to a non-nuclear weapon state. government to backtrack on its de- interpretation of the Treaty. Better to The second argument has been that the mands if the pressure gets higher. prevent an extra blow to the NPT re- deployments predate the NPT. Or, in gime than to try to fix it afterwards. other words, the NPT was signed taking State parties to the NPT, who believe that continued deployment of UK Tri- The Scottish people will get the into account an existing practice of for- dent missiles in an independent non- chance to vote on the future of their ward deployment. This would not apply NWS Scotland would be a further blow country on 18 September 2014. to the Scottish situation. In this case, a to the Treaty, need to speak out now, in Whether or not they vote YES remains new situation would emerge. In this their country statements and joint to be seen. Only one third of citizens case, a state, already party to the NPT statements. In addition, they could use recently polled favour independence. would decide to enter into an arrange- it as an entry point for discussions with Many are still on the fence. What is ment that involves the deployment of the UK, about the viability of its nuclear much clearer, and transcends the de- nuclear weapons in a non-nuclear weapon arsenal. It is the UK after all pendency debate, is the outright dislike weapon state territory, knowing full well that maintains that the Trident weapons by the Scottish of nuclear weapons in that it is not in compliance with Article have nowhere to go but Clyde Naval their country. A recent poll shows an II. Base in Scotland. So if Scotland exer- 80% majority in favour of evicting Tri- In fact, a comparison with the break- cises its sovereign right and ends the dent from Scotland. For this reason, the up of the Soviet Union is more appropri- deployments ... where does that leave independence referendum is regarded ate. In the 1990s, after the end of the Trident? by many as a great chance to get rid of Cold War, when the Soviet Union col-