DOCSLIB.ORG

Piracy Off the Somali Coast Continues

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Piracy Off the Somali Coast Continues 2011_CIC_3.qxd:Peacekeeping_FM_qxd.qxd 1/16/12 1:45 PM Page 115 SOMALIA • 115 Box 3.7.1 Piracy off the Coast of Somalia Piracy off the Somali coast continues to voluntary international military group, of a Somali legal framework for prose- present a significant challenge to inter- continued facilitating coordination be- cution. UN Security Council Resolutions national security, prompting concerted tween independently deployed navies in 2015 (2011) and 1976 (2011) call for effort from a diverse group of actors to the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. In Somalia to strengthen its governance counter the threat. Since 2008, over May, members agreed to further bolster and rule of law structures to play a more 1,900 individuals have been kidnapped communication mechanisms, strengthen substantial role in combating piracy. In from Somali coastal waters1 and hun- operational cooperation, and enact re- the resolutions, the Council further reit- dreds of millions of dollars have been gional capacity-building measures to in- erated its call for the adoption of a com- paid in ransom, disrupting one of the crease the organization’s efficacy. prehensive set of counter-piracy laws world’s key shipping routes. In 2011 NATO’s Operation Ocean Shield and the construction of correctional fa- alone there were twenty-six successful and the EU’s Operation Atalanta also cilities for convicted pirates. In addition, ship hijackings in Somalia, representing maintained critical assistance and protec- the Council also noted the need for spe- nearly 70 percent of the global total.2 tion through their presence in the water- cialized anti-piracy courts in Somalia While the success rate of attacks off the ways. Operation Ocean Shield engaged and other states in the region. As a first Somali coast has decreased over the past in a number of counter-piracy operations, step, Resolution 2015 requests the UN several years, mainly due to the presence successfully freeing pirate-held ships and Secretary-General to provide further in- of naval vessels, the level of violence, dismantling mother ships. The NATO op- formation on the technical and financial sophistication, and frequency of attacks eration also liaises with regional states, requirements needed to implement these hit a record high in 2011. including Djibouti and Somalia, to pro- courts. International collaborative efforts mote anti-piracy efforts. Additionally, Piracy in the Gulf of Aden and the through the Contact Group on Piracy off Operation Atalanta continued to provide Indian Ocean is inextricably linked to the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS) and the assistance to the anti-piracy efforts of the crisis in Somalia, and many of the group Shared Awareness and Deconflic- Somalia’s Transitional Federal Govern- root causes, including political instabil- tion (SHADE) to counter piracy con- ment and the African Union’s peacekeep- ity and poverty, persist. However, the tinue. As a voluntary international forum, ing mission in Somalia through 2011. challenge is not isolated to Somalia, and the CGPCS coordinates the responses of During the course of the year, inter- the threat of piracy in the Gulf of Guinea over seventy member states and several national attention also turned to bolster- is an increasingly pressing international major international organizations, includ- ing onshore anti-piracy mechanisms, concern. Concerted international support ing on operational matters, legal issues, particularly in the judicial and security and a multipronged approach that targets shipping self-awareness, and public infor- sectors. Although 1,046 individuals are piracy offshore, supports the develop- mation. In 2011 the CGPCS created a currently being prosecuted or have faced ment of institutions and capacity on- group to strengthen international efforts prosecution for piracy in twenty coun- shore, and addresses root causes such as aimed at dismantling complex pirate tries,3 more than 90 percent of captured widespread poverty and high unemploy- financial networks—an area of increas- pirates are immediately released due to ment, will be critical for responding to ing international attention. SHADE, a judicial obstacles, including the absence international maritime piracy. Notes: 1. United Nations, Report of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Legal Issues Related to Piracy off the Coast of Somalia, S/2011/30, 25 January 2011. 2. International Maritime Bureau, Piracy Reporting Center, “Piracy News & Figures,” http://www.icc-ccs.org/piracy-reporting-centre/piracy newsafigures. 3. Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia, “WG2: Chairman’s Conclusions from the 9th Meeting,” fact sheet, 11–12 October 2011, http://www.thecgpcs.org/doc.do?action=doc..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mediterranean Review 24 April 2012 INSIDE THIS ISSUE
    CIVIL - MILITARY FUSION CENTRE Mediterranean Review 24 April 2012 INSIDE THIS ISSUE This document provides an overview of developments in the Mediterranean Basin and other regions of In Focus 1 HoA: Land & Sea 2 interest from 17 April —23 April, with hyperlinks to source material highlighted and underlined in the North Africa 4 text. For more information on the topics below or other issues pertaining to the region, please contact the Northeast Africa 6 members of the Med Basin Team, or visit our website at www.cimicweb.org. Syria 8 ABOUT THE CFC The Civil-Military Fusion Centre (CFC) is an information and knowledge management organisation focused on improving civil-military interaction, facilitating information sharing and enhancing situational awareness through the CimicWeb portal and our weekly and monthly publications. CFC products link to and are based on open-source information from a wide variety of organisations, research centres and media sources. However, the CFC does not endorse and cannot necessarily guarantee the accuracy or objectivity of these sources. In Focus: Syria’s Fragile Peace CFC publications are By Amber Ramsey independently produced Both the Syrian opposition and the regime of Syri- by Desk Officers and do an President Bashar al Assad agreed separately to Annan’s six-point peace plan not reflect NATO policies abide by the peace plan proposed by UN-Arab League special envoy to Syria Kofi Annan in or positions of any other 1. Syrian-led political process to address the March 2012. The Syrian National Council (SNC), aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people; organisation. the main Syrian umbrella opposition group, re- 2.
    [Show full text]
  • On Maritime Piracy a Geospatial Analysis 1995-2013 Contributors Philippe Leymarie, Philippe Rekacewicz, Agnès Stienne
    UNOSAT Global Report on Maritime Piracy a geospatial analysis 1995-2013 Contributors Philippe Leymarie, Philippe Rekacewicz, Agnès Stienne. Support team Contents Einar Bjørgo, Francesco Pisano, Olivier van Damme, Adam Ali, Preface 4 Philippe Rivière. Executive Summary 5 This report has been produced with the kind Introduction and methodology 6 contribution of the Government of Sweden. Global overview 8 Disclaimer The context of global piracy 12 The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the United Nations Institute for Geospatial analyses Thematic approach 22 Training and Research (UNITAR). The presentations Regional specificity 30 and the designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part Conclusion and recommendations 38 of the cooperating divisions concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its Source for all figures: Global Integrated Shipping Information authorities, or of the delineation of its frontiers or System (GISIS), International Maritime Organization (IMO), except boundaries. Mention of a commercial company or for the listed below. product in this report does not imply endorsement Figure 2: IMO and National Center for Ecological Analysis and by UNITAR. Synthesis, Ecosystem-based Management of Coastal Marine Systems http://portal.nceas.uesb.edu/ and http://ebm.nceas.uesb.edu/ UNOSAT is a program of the United Nations Institute GlobalMarine/impacts/transformed/ for Training and Research (UNITAR), providing Figure 5: Atlas 2014 des enjeux maritimes, Editions Le Marin, Rennes (France); American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA); US satellite imagery and related geographic information, department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security. research and analysis to UN humanitarian & Figure 6: Maritime Strategies International Ltd; Lloyd’s Register development agencies & their implementing Group Limited.
    [Show full text]
  • Ye Intruders Beware: Fantastical Pirates in the Golden Age of Illustration
    YE INTRUDERS BEWARE: FANTASTICAL PIRATES IN THE GOLDEN AGE OF ILLUSTRATION Anne M. Loechle Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of the History of Art Indiana University November 2010 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Doctoral Committee _________________________________ Chairperson, Sarah Burns, Ph.D. __________________________________ Janet Kennedy, Ph.D. __________________________________ Patrick McNaughton, Ph.D. __________________________________ Beverly Stoeltje, Ph.D. November 9, 2010 ii ©2010 Anne M. Loechle ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii Acknowledgments I am indebted to many people for the help and encouragement they have given me during the long duration of this project. From academic and financial to editorial and emotional, I was never lacking in support. I am truly thankful, not to mention lucky. Sarah Burns, my advisor and mentor, supported my ideas, cheered my successes, and patiently edited and helped me to revise my failures. I also owe her thanks for encouraging me to pursue an unorthodox topic. From the moment pirates came up during one of our meetings in the spring of 2005, I was hooked. She knew it, and she continuously suggested ways to expand the idea first into an independent study, and then into this dissertation. My dissertation committee – Janet Kennedy, Patrick McNaughton, and Beverly Stoeltje – likewise deserves my thanks for their mentoring and enthusiasm. Other scholars have graciously shared with me their knowledge and input along the way. David M. Lubin read a version of my third chapter and gave me helpful advice, opening up to me new ways of thinking about Howard Pyle in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Learning from Danish Counter-Piracy Off the Coast of Somalia
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Larsen, Jessica; Nissen, Christine Research Report Learning from Danish counter-piracy off the coast of Somalia DIIS Report, No. 2017:10 Provided in Cooperation with: Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS), Copenhagen Suggested Citation: Larsen, Jessica; Nissen, Christine (2017) : Learning from Danish counter- piracy off the coast of Somalia, DIIS Report, No. 2017:10, ISBN 978-87-7605-897-5, Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS), Copenhagen This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/197616 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der
    [Show full text]
  • Alert 2010! Report on Conflicts, Human Rights and Peacebuilding
    Alert 2010! Report on conflicts, human rights and peacebuilding Written by: Maria Cañadas Francesch Vicenç Fisas Armengol Patricia García Amado Maria Prandi Chevalier Josep Maria Royo Aspa Jordi Urgell García Pamela Urrutia Arestizábal Ana Villellas Ariño María Villellas Ariño This book is printed on chlorine-free recycled paper. Report completed on December the 31st 2009. Edited by: Icaria Editorial / Escola de Cultura de Pau, UAB Printed by: Romanyà/Valls, S.A. Verdaguer, 1, Capellades (Barcelona) Cover design: Lucas Wainer Mattosso ISBN: 978-84-9888-230-8 Legal registration number: B-16.559-2010 This report has been written by: Maria Cañadas Francesch ( human rights and transitional justice), Vicenç Fisas Armengol ( peace processes), Patricia García Amado (humanitarian emergencies and socio-political crises), Maria Prandi Chevalier ( human rights and transitional justice), Josep Maria Royo Aspa ( armed conflicts and socio-political crises), Jordi Urgell García (armed conflicts and socio-political crises), Pamela Urrutia Arestizábal ( armed conflicts and socio-political crises), Ana Villellas Ariño ( armed conflicts and socio-political crises) and María Villellas Ariño (gender and socio-political crises). Yesid Arteta Dávila and Carlos Arturo Velandia Jagua ( Colombia armed conflict’s analysis). The contents of this report may be freely reproduced and circulated provided that the source is properly quoted, with reference to the title of the report and the publisher. The authors assume full responsibility for the contents of this report. Summary Alert 2010! Report on conflict, human rights and tion for each area of study. Most of these indicators, peacebuilding is a yearbook which analyzes the state of once cross-tabulated, can also help us understand how the world in connection with conflicts and peacebuild- some factors influence others.
    [Show full text]
  • The Costs, Benefits and Future of NATO's Operation Ocean Shield
    Research Paper Research Division - NATO Defense College, Rome - No. 95 – September 2013 Safe Seas at What Price? The Costs, Benefits and Future of NATO’s Operation Ocean Shield James M. Bridger1 Contents Somali piracy burst onto the global security agenda in late 2008, a year in which over 100 merchant ships were attacked and dozens hijacked for ransom. For NATO and other international actors, this wave of maritime crime was Surveying the Sea p.1 regarded as a threat to international peace and security due to its apparent and But at What Cost? p.4 possible effects on supply chain security, energy security, and pirate-terrorist Addressing Symptoms collusion. By January 2009, NATO, the European Union (EU), US-led Com- vs. Causes p.4 bined Task Force 151 (CTF-151) and a number of independent states had all deployed naval missions to the Horn of Africa. Despite these efforts however, Beyond Suppressing Piracy: the number of attacks continued to increase for the next three years as the Secondary Benefits of Operation Ocean Shield p.5 pirates expanded their geographical range in all directions. A Post-Crisis Counter-Piracy Suddenly by 2012, the number of attacks plummeted to their lowest level in Role for NATO p. 7 five years (see Graph I). Better coordinated naval patrols, improved Best Man- agement Practices for commercial ships, the increased use of armed guards A Sustainable Exit Strategy p. 8 aboard vessels and political developments within Somalia have all received credit for turning the tide against the pirates. But has the ‘war on piracy’ been won, and what kind of measures will need to remain in place to ensure that the scourge does not return? These questions are particularly significant for NATO, whose counter-piracy mission, Operation Ocean Shield, is set to ter- minate at the end of 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • The London School of Economics and Political Science the Ideological Origins of Piracy in International Legal Thought Tor Krever
    The London School of Economics and Political Science The ideological origins of piracy in international legal thought Tor Krever A thesis submitted to the Department of Law of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, May 2018 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 88,133 words. 2 Abstract This thesis explores the origins of the pirate in international legal thought. It takes as its starting point the recent wave of piracy off the coast of Somalia, mapping the image of the pirate constructed by contemporary legal commentators. The figure of the pirate that takes shape is the archetype of illegitimacy and epitome of enmity in international law: hostis humani generis. Where and when did this figure first emerge in international legal thought? My argument is twofold. First, against dominant transhistorical accounts which project the pirate backwards in an unbroken arc from the present to antiquity, I show that its juridical identity has been marked by fundamental discontinuities and transformations.
    [Show full text]
  • EU NAVFOR Operation Atalanta
    Mission The European Union is concerned with the effect of Somali-based piracy and armed robbery at sea off the Horn of Africa and in the Western Indian Ocean. Somali piracy is characterised by criminals taking control of vessels transiting the High Risk Areas in the Region and extorting ransom money for the crew, the vessel and cargo; this bearing all features of organised crime. Crews held hostage by pirates often face a prolonged period of captivity, the average being 5 months (145 days) but some hostages have been held for more than two years and eight months (1001 days). Moreover, piracy impacts on international trade and maritime security and on the economic activities and security of countries in the region. As a result, and as part of the Comprehensive Approach to Somalia, in December 2008 the EU launched the European Union Naval Force (EU NAVFOR) Somalia – Operation Atalanta within the framework of the European Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and in accordance with relevant UN Security Council Resolutions (UNSCR) and International Law in response to the rising levels of piracy and armed robbery off the Horn of Africa and in the Western Indian Ocean Operation Atalanta is the European Union’s counter-piracy operation off the coast of Somalia. Mandate Under the EU Council Joint Action, which is based on UN resolutions, EU NAVFOR’s mandate is to: • protect World Food Programme (WFP) vessels delivering aid to displaced persons in Somalia, and African Union Mission on Somalia (AMISOM) shipping. • deter, prevent and repress acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the Somali coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Counterpiracy Under International Law 1
    Counterpiracy under International Law 1 ACADEMY BRIEFING No. 1 Counterpiracy under International Law August 2012 Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Geneva Académie de droit international humanitaire et de droits humains à Genève Academ The Academy, a joint centre of ISBN: 978-2-9700786-9-2 © Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, August 2012. Acknowledgements The Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights (Geneva Academy) would like to thank all those who contributed to the project ‘Maritime Security and Counterpiracy’, and especially Martin Michelet, Head of Human Rights Policy Section, and Rémy Friedmann, Desk Human Security and Business, both of the Human Security Division of the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs for their unstinting support. This report was written by Alice Priddy and Dr Stuart Casey-Maslen, both researchers at the Geneva Academy. Proofreading and layout were provided by Plain Sense, Geneva. The report was printed by the University of Geneva. Disclaimer This report is the work of the authors. Any views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of any of the external contributors to the report or supporters of the project. The use of particular designations of armed non-state actors, states, or territories does not imply any judgment by the Geneva Academy, the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, or any other body as to the legal status of such actors, states, or territories, of their authorities and institutions, of the delimitation of their boundaries, or of the status of any states or territories that border them. ACADEMY BRIEFING No.
    [Show full text]
  • Somali Refugee Women in Clarkston, Georgia
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Applied Linguistics and English as a Second Department of Applied Linguistics and English Language Dissertations as a Second Language 12-18-2014 Language, literacy, and funds of knowledge: Somali refugee women in Clarkston, Georgia Cassie Leymarie Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/alesl_diss Recommended Citation Leymarie, Cassie, "Language, literacy, and funds of knowledge: Somali refugee women in Clarkston, Georgia." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2014. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/alesl_diss/32 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Applied Linguistics and English as a Second Language at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Applied Linguistics and English as a Second Language Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LANGUAGE LITERACY AND FUNDS OF KNOWLEDGE: SOMALI REFUGEE WOMEN IN CLARKSTON, GEORGIA by CASSIE D. LEYMARIE Under the Direction of Gayle Nelson & Eric Friginal ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate how Somali refugee women experience language and literacy in their community of Clarkston, Georgia, and to identify their funds of knowledge (Gonzales, Moll, & Amanti, 2005), or unseen practices. The aim of this investigation is to strengthen and challenge their current modes of language socialization and to combat negative discourses that represent them as ‘vulnerable victims and cunning crooks’ (Horst, 2006). Clarkston, Georgia was chosen by private resettlement agencies as a refugee resettlement site in the early 1990s. In Clarkston, although there are several refugee serving agencies that focus on refugee education and integration, many Somali refugee women are still facing obstacles during the process of language socialization.
    [Show full text]
  • Piracy Off the Horn of Africa
    Piracy off the Horn of Africa Lauren Ploch Analyst in African Affairs Christopher M. Blanchard Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs Ronald O'Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs R. Chuck Mason Legislative Attorney Rawle O. King Analyst in Financial Economics and Risk Assessment September 28, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40528 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Piracy off the Horn of Africa Summary Pirate attacks in the waters off the Horn of Africa, including those on U.S.-flagged vessels, have brought new U.S. and international attention to the long-standing problem of piracy in the region. The International Maritime Bureau (IMB) recorded 111 attacks in the waters off the Horn of Africa in 2008, almost double the number in 2007. As of September 14, 2009, the U.S. State Department reported 156 attacks had occurred in those waters since January 2009, with 33 successful hijackings. Attacks remain concentrated in the Gulf of Aden between Yemen and the northern coast of Somalia and along Somalia’s eastern coastline. However, in July 2009, the United Nations Secretary General warned that “as a result of the military presence in the region, pirates have employed more daring operational tactics, operating further seawards, towards the Seychelles, and using more sophisticated weaponry.” Pirate attacks continue to threaten commercial shipping and relief shipments bound for East Africa and the Horn, amid a regional humanitarian crisis that experts are calling the worst since 1984. The increase in pirate attacks off the Horn of Africa is directly linked to continuing insecurity and the absence of the rule of law in war-torn Somalia.
    [Show full text]
  • Maritime Security in the Middle East and North Africa: a Strategic Assessment
    MARITIME SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA: A STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT By Robert M. Shelala II Research Analyst, Burke Chair in Strategy Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 3 Chapter I – A Brief Introduction to Maritime Security .................................................................. 4 Chapter II – The Suez Canal and the Growing Threat of Egyptian Terrorism ............................... 6 Background on the Canal ............................................................................................................ 6 The Threat of Terrorism .............................................................................................................. 8 Egyptian Maritime Security Capabilities .................................................................................. 13 Recommendations for Securing the Suez Canal ....................................................................... 17 Chapter III – The Gulf and Threats From Iran ............................................................................. 20 A Brief Introduction to the Gulf ................................................................................................ 20 Regional Tensions and Iranian Threats to Gulf Security .......................................................... 22 Escalation Drivers in Iranian Strategic Calculus......................................................................
    [Show full text]