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RP 570(A) PRELIMINARY REPORT, GEOLOGY OF DRUMMONDVILLE AREA (WEST PART), DRUMMOND AND ARTHABASKA COUNTIES

R.P. 570 GOUVERNEMENT DU QUEBEC

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Honorable PAUL-E. ALLARD, Minister

MINES BRANCH

GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION SERVICE

GEOLOGY

DRUMMONDYILLE AREA (West Parti

DRUMMOND AND ARTHABASKA COUNTIES

PRELIMINARY REPORT

Yvon Globensky

76° 74° 72° 10° 68°

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QUÉBEC

1969 R.P. 570

GOUVERNEMENT DU QUEBEC

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Honorable PAUL-E. ALLARD, Minister

MINES BRANCH

GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION SERVICE

GEOLOGY

DRUMMONOVILLE AREA [West Part)

DRUMMOND AND ARTHABASKA COUNTIES

PRELIMINARY REPORT

Yvon Globensky

QUÉBEC 1969

R.P. 570

Preliminary Report

on.

DRUMMONDVILLE AREA (WEST HALF)*

Drummond and Arthabaska Counties

Yvon Globensky

INTRODUCTION

The Drummondville area (West. Half) lies in the Eastern Townships, between latitudes 45045' and 46°00' and longitudes 72015' and 72030'. It covers an area of 210 square miles and corresponds to map 31 H/16 (West Half) of the National Topographic Series. The western boundary of the area traverses the city of Drummondville. The northeast corner of the area lies in Arthabaska county, but the major part of the area studied is in Drummond county. The Drummondville area involved in this study occupies only a part of Drummond county. It includes Wendover, Simpson, Wickham and Durham townships. The only city of the area, Drummondville, is an industrial center, quite prosperous mainly because of its

*Translated from the French. 2 textile industry. A few small villages are spread here and there over the area, among them: Saint-Cyrille, Saint-Lucien, Saint-Charles-de-Drummond, Saint-Nicéphore, Wickham and l'Avenir. A network of paved roads connects the main villages to Drummondville, and gravel roads form other links between villages. The Sir Wilfrid Laurier boulevard, which traverses the northwest corner of the area, joins the area to the cities of Montreal and Quebec. Two railroad lines serve the area: the Canadian National and the Canadian Pacific. The Canadian National line from Montreal to Lévis traverses the city of Drummondville. A branch of the Canadian Pacific, leaving from Foster, joins Montreal, Sherbrooke,and Saint John, New Brunswick.

TOPOGRAPHY AND HYDROGRAPHY

The major part of the area possesses a moderate relief, with an average elevation of 300 feet above sealevel. The southern part of the area is more rugged. Here some hills reach 550 to 700 feet above the surrounding lands. Sand and clay deposits, as well as marshes, cover a good part of the area, and outcrops are rare, particularly north of Saint-François river. This river traverses the area from the southeast to the northwest and divides it into two unequal parts, the northern part having a greater extent. A short stretch of Nicolet-Sud-Ouest river appears in the northeast corner of the area; Saint-Germain river does the same in the southwest extremity. Among the less important streams are Nègre, Saults, and Généreux rivers,which drain the northern part of the area. All the area drains towards the Saint-Laurent via the streams enumerated above, the Saint-François river being the principal tributary. Southern Canada Power Company Ltd. has erected on it two dams with power plants and furnishes elec- tricity to the area. GENERAL GEOLOGY

The consolidated rocks of the area are Paleozoic in age, with the exception of a Mesozoic dike. Most of the rocks are of sedimentary origin, except for a few volcanic and intrusive rocks. The sedimentary rocks have been grouped into five distinct units: Unit No. 1: Rocks of this unit are provisionally assigned to the Melbourne Limestone, of Lower Cambrian age. They outcrop in the center of the area. They consist of argillaceous limestone interstratified with calcareous slates. Unit No. 2: Rocks of the Granby Group, of Cambrian age, are restricted to a band trending N.E.-S.W., expanding at each extremity. They consist of interstratified sandstones and slates. Unit No. 3: These rocks are provisionally assigned to the Stanbridge slates of Cambrian or Lower Ordovician age. They occupy a good portion of the southeast corner of the area. Gray and bluish gray phyllites, as well as green ones, containing in places quartzite fragments, make up part of this group. The other part consists of rhythmites of quartzite and phyllites. Unit No. 4: This unit is composed of three types of rocks: black slates containing some sandstone and limestone interbeds; volcanic agglomerates and amygdaloidal lavas; and some crystalline limestones. The rocks of this unit are of Normanskill age. (Middle Ordovician) and rest unconformably on the other above-mentioned units. These rocks occupy a good portion of the northwest corner of the area. Unit No. 5: The rocks involved in the Saint- Germain Complex consist of shales, slates, siltstones, and dolomitic limestones of Ordovician age belonging to the Trenton, Utica and Lorraine groups. These rocks occupy a narrow band at the northwest extremity of the area. Small intrusions of dioritic gabbro were observed in the northern part of the area cutting through the sedimentary rocks of the preceding units. 4

A small lamprophy.re dike outcrops in the northern part of the area and represents the youngest rock of the area. A major part of the area is covered 'by non- consolidated deposits of glacial and fluvioglacial origin. These deposits.are• exploited in several localities.

Unit No. 1 - (Melbourne Limestone).

This unit occupies a considerable part of the. area; it covers most of the center of the area and terminates in a point toward the southwest. This unitdoes not appear in the area to the west. It seems that it is an extension of the Melbourne Limestone that outcrops to the east (Cooke, 1952). In the Drummondville area (West Half), this formation consists mainly of argillaceous limestones interstratified with calcareous slates. The thickness of the argillaceous limestone beds ranges from 2 inches to 2 feet. On fresh surface the color of the limestone varies from medium gray to dark gray; on weathered surface, dull gray and brownish gray predominate. Graphite occurs in the limestone in places. The calcareous slates are a brownish gray on weathered surface and dark gray on fresh surface. They are locally finely cleaved. Frequently numerous calcite veins cross- cut the rocks parallel to a joint system. Mineralization, pyrite and,in places,graphite. occur in these veins. The veins vary in thickness from 10 to 100 mm.

The whole of this unit dips regularly toward the southeast, but some folding here and there is exemplified by numerous veins of calcite and sometimes quartz.

Unit No 2 (Granby Group)

The Granby Group in this area consists of sandstones interstratified with slates and some siltstones. This unit seems to rest conformably on the Melbourne Limestone. This lithology is similar to the Charny Formation of the Quebec area and to its equivalent, the Granby Group, in the Granby area. - S -

TABLE OF FORMATIONS

ic o z Pleistocene Sand, gravel, erratic blocks no Ce

ic zo

o Cretaceous? Lamprophyre Mes

Upper Dioritic gabbro Ordovician?

Black calcareous shale;

Saint- Medium to dark-gray dolomitic ine

ton Germain limestones; ra n

z ica- Complex Medium-gray slates and Lor Tre 1-1 Ut siltstones. U I. Green volcanic agglomerates

o - and amygdaloidal lavas; 2 •• Unit Black slates with interbeds No. 4 • of dark-gray limestones; ll Silver-gray crystalline Normans ki limestones.

U N C O N F O R M I T Y ?

' Gray, bluish gray, and green Cambrian Unit phyllites; or No. 3 Gray and bluish gray phyllites Lower containing quartzite and Ordovician? Stanbridge sandstone fragments; Slates --i Rhythmites of quartzite and greenish and gray phyllites c) N Unit o Greenish gray sandstones; No. 2 Reddish gray sandstones; w Cambrian? Granby `' Group Red, green, gray slates. a . Unit Dark-gray argillaceous lime- No. 1 stones interstratified with Cambrian? Melbourne calcareous slates of the Limestone same color. 6

Greenish gray sandstones

These sandstones, generally lithic, vaby from medium to coarse grained; however, the percentage of the fragments varies considerably. These rock are usually composed of quartz grains and dark-gray fragments of slates. Noticed locally is the gradual passage of a lithic sandstone to a true quartzite. As the rock becomes more quartzitic, the green alteration surface tends to disappear and the rock turns gray. Here and there in these sandstones, the presence of brownish dolomitic concretions and some quartzitic concretions is seen. At many places, at the base of the sandstone beds is a conglom- erate formed largely of quartz grains the size of a pea and some fragments of slates.

Red, green and . gray slates

These slates occupy much of the N.E. and S.W. corners of the area and are joined by a narrow band crossing the area diagonally. They are mainly green and gray slates. The red slates outcrop very rarely and grade in places to a siltstone of the same color. These beds of red and green slates are generally interstratified with sandstone and in places some gray slates accompany them. Hematite, glaucophane, illite, chlorite and other clay minerals contribute to give these different tints to the rocks.

Unit No. 3 (Stanbridge Slates)

The rocks of this unit are provisionally assigned. to the Stanbridge slates. They possess characters identical to the rocks described by Cooke (1952) in the Richmond area. (West Half) . This unit is much deformed; it is composed of gray, bluish-gray and green phyllites, as well as a few sandstone beds of lesser importance. In certain localities the gray or bluish-gray phyllites predominate; in other places they are mostly green. Often the two rock types occur in the same outcrop. Commonly, fragments of gray quartzite or quartzitic sandstone 1 inch to 1 foot in diameter are found in the beds of green phyllites. Of note is that the occurrence of 7

fragments coincides with the increased folding in the phyllites. Also noticed was the presence'of,true'rhÿ,thmites,'.white quartzite beds a fraction of an inch to 2 inches alternating with beds of green or gray phyllites.

Unit.No.4

This unit is composed of three types of rocks: fossiliferous dark-gray slates, crystalline limestones, and volcanic agglomerates accompanied by amygdal'oidal lavas. This unit is Middle Ordovician in age and the graptolites found in it permit a correlation with the Normanskill shale of New York State.

Dark-gray slates

The dark-gray slates contain 'locally some interbeds of dolomitic sandstones which have a brownish alteration :color,'as well as some interbeds of argillaceous limestones. The rocks of this unit contain numerous graptolites'which have served for the age determination of these strata. The assemblage of forms has revealed'a Normanskill age (Riva,1965; written communication).

Volcanic agglomerate and amygdaloidal lavas

There occurs, principally in the northwest corner of the area,.an intrusive rock showing a typical agglomerate structure with more or less rounded fragments having a diameter varying from a few mm., to several inches. The majority of the fragments"seem to be volcanic and vary from pale to dark. green. The matri is dark green or dark gray on fresh surface. The alteration color is brownish or rusty brown, commonly showing reddish spots of hematite. The whole rock is traversed by numerous joints. With the agglomerates are some lavas which vary from dark gray to greenish gray on fresh surface and are- brownish on weathered surface. Some calcite amygdules can be seen in these lavas. n • G'` G a CA c i~ Fd(o ri'a Fei maFi(Dtr0fiCGmOqO � . Qq rt • (D (D t7a rt r+ 1i H Fi F G (D 0 r+ }s'm ôN~ P. mF-'•O Fi Fi. rtmO • m aG a G m G. G' (D ( 1 o a P.Fim a... X'd a 115G r+ ma r+Fi rt.a O O Fi GOP. a rn11rh W•- G G (D~~ m O t- a FJq aOr+r+ O trF-hC0 tr' 1 ' . Piz) 11 O .. OG F-~ Pl N•G' Pl CD ~â hi O HI (Dm • C P. x G) ~s' 0 O G o •P co a( G G' 0 Ga O h'•r+ . - D aH• 3 r+ Fd G' Fd F'• Fi (D (D n G ~m n P. (t) Cl, rt Cf) ~ O 0 Fi el"m 1 u . 1-'- H Ffi F (] m m G' O O 5 m i M- (D mG' (D r+aG' (1)/ (D rt F4(DPF (D N F r+ (D Ô~~~ • >C G a , Uq '-< )-)1rth-'• m ~ (D FiGO ID C m mx H 1-1• OG(D 1-1•0F'• a I-'N• I-) Crif] O F-hoq O a. El) (DN•m• Fi I-'•aG m 011 f) In G Fi- G il)1-'•O GaGG (D Fih a'•C r+ a5 a0 rn a)ci rh GCMt7 G t7 nFi 0 1-300 0 oa G' a dm t7' (D - h ()G' OP r+ um 1 (D r+ m Fi 1-45 Fi (DH • a 0' MI-•mN G ~ a~ a fi (D 5Gm -t) • H m? m- ~ a m IL 11- r+ a a CD G d G a a G' 5ID fl/ 1- 1-1) F r+ CD < (D(Dr+a G 0 i h Q t< Gfilk

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sauoq.sautt autireqs~a Intrusive Rocks

Dioritic gabbro

In Saint-François river, at the mouth of. Saint- Germain river, two small islands of dioritic gabbro penetrate through the shales and limestones of the Saint-Germain Complex. Two other larger masses are exposed in the northeast corner of the area, one in range VIII and the other in range IX of Wendover township, cutting through rocks of the Granby Group. From microscopic examination, the mafic minerals of the gabbro seem to have been altered to chlorite, and the plagioclases seem to have been transformed to a fine-grained brown mineral, probably sericite. Opaque minerals are present as well as carbonates. These igneous intrusions are probably post-Upper Ordovician in age.

Lamprophyre

A lamprophyre dike of alkaline affinity outcrops on Nègre river in the northeast corner of the area, about 3/4 of a mile to the east of route No. 13-20. Microscopic examination has revealed the presence of calcic plagioclase, acicular apatite crystals, opaque minerals, carbonates, pyroxene and amphibole. This dike of lamprophyre is probably related to the Monteregian intrusions and would then be Cretaceous in age.

PLEISTOCENE

A large section of the area is covered by non- consolidated deposits, principally glacial drift overlying Champlain Sea clays. These clays, widespread over the area, have.a bluish-gray color, and contain several marine fossils including: Ma coma balthica, Hiatella artica, and Yoldia artica. Glacial striae were not observed. - 10 -

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

Folds

Rocks of Unit No. 1 (Melbourne Limestone) plunge toward the southwest at an angle of about 10 degrees, and dip approximately 40 degrees toward the southeast. Open folds are abundant in this formation, especially along Saint-François river.

Rocks of Normanskill age (Unit No.4) and the Saint-Germain Complex (Unit No.5) form a fold plunging toward the southwest at an angle of about 6 degrees.

Faults

The Champlain fault traverses the northwest corner of the area and marks the boundary between the Saint Lawrence Lowlands to the west and the Appalachians to the east. It separates the formations of the Saint-Germain Complex from those of Normanskill age. However, within this area, there is no actual field evidence of this fault. It is probably a thrust fault. Only rocks of the Saint-Germain Complex seem to have been affected by the faulting. The hypothesis of the existence of this reverse fault of northwest direction is used to explain the position of the rocks of Unit No.3 (Stanbridge slates) in contact with the formations of the Granby Group (Unit No.2) and those of Unit No.1 (Melbourne Limestone). The fact that this last unit could rest unconformably on the other two is not impossible, but seems to be slightly probable. A few small faults were noted in Unit No.2 (Granby Group) at the Hemming Falls dam, and in Unit No.1 (Melbourne Limestone) on the south shore of Saint-François river, north of Wheatland.

Cleavages

The rocks of the area display a schistosity (plane S1) and a cleavage (plane S2), with the exception of the Saint-Germain Complex in which plane S2 was not observed. In general, the schistosity planes strike N.800E. and dip south. The cleavage planes have.a N.300E. direction and dip toward the northwest. In Unit No.3 (Stanbridge slates), the direction of the schistosity planes varies greatly; however, the one mentioned above predominates. The same observation applies to the cleavage planes.

Lineations

Two types of lineation were observed in the sedimentary rocks of the area: 1 - Lineation Li results from the intersection of the bedding and schistosity planes (plane Si). This lineation is the most important in the area. It plunges, in general, in the different units mentioned above, from 6 to 30 degrees.toward the southwest. 2 - Lineation L2 is the line resulting from the intersection of the schistosity (plane Si) and the cleavage (plane S2). This secondary lineation, or L2, seems to vary much more than Li and is oriented toward the south- southwest with an angle of plunge varying from 12 to 45 degrees.

ECONOMIC GEOLOGY

Copper

During the 19th century, several excavations were made in the limestones (Unit No.4) in the Wickham area in an attempt to exploit the chalcopyrite and pyrite present. Today, no such exploitation is active. - 12 -

Lime

Found in two localities, Wickham and Saint- Cyrille,are abandoned old limekilns which reflect another past industrial application of the limestones of Unit No.4.

Crushed stone

The only two operating quarries in this area, Modern Quarries Inc. at Saint-Cyrille, and the quarry of Modern Paving Inc. at Saint-Charles-de-Drummond, exploit their material from amygdaloidal lavas.

Sand and gravel

Numerous sand pits are widespread over the area and several of them are actually in exploitation.

- 13 -

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Results of analyses in p.p.m Results of analyses in p.p.m.

Sample Code No. Sample Code No. No. on of sample , t Nothe on in.f samplesemple the in files of 1.rCu Zn Pb Mo Ni U the filesof Cu Zn,7 Pbr Mo N1 U map Dept. map Dept. 81 1009 6 20 8 0 122 2043 10 30 6 0 82 1008 10 25 10 0 123 2044 16 65 14 0 83 1007 6 25 2 1 124 2046 10 25 6 0 84 1079 8 25 6 0 125 2045 8 20 4 0 85 1078 6 35 4 0 126 2048 12 25 6 0 86 1004 8 25 8 0 127 2049 16 35 8 0 87 1003 10 30 8 1 128 2050 12 30 6 0 88 1002 10 35 4 1 129 2051 10 35 4 0 89 1001 8 25 8 0 130 2052 12 50 8 0 90 1030 12 40 8 3 131 1041 8 45 6 0 91 1026 20 50 8 1 132 1042 10 40 10 0 92 1029 8 35 8 2 133 1040 16 70 16 0 93 1031 8 30 4 3 134 2047 6 20 4 0 94 1032 12 25 6 3 135 2053 10 20 6 0 95 1033 10 35 2 4 136 1044 12 40 8 0 96 1034 10 30 8 3 137 1043 24 85 14 0 97 1035 i 8 20 8 2 138 1073 12 55 10 0 98 1027 8 30 ' 4 1 139 2054 4 15 6 0 99 1028 10 40 6 1 140 1045 6 25 4 0 100 2058 14 40 8 0 141 1046 8 35 8 0 101 2060 4 20 4 0 142 1072 10 45 10 0 102 1081 14 35 8 0 143 1047 8 30 6 0 103 2061 v 6 20 4 0 144 1048 12 35 6 0 104 2062 4 20 4 0 145 1nun 14 55 8 0 105 1082 8 40 8 0 146 1049 14 60 10 0 106 2063 4 35 14 0 147 1071 6 40 8 0 107 2065 6 25 2 0 148 2035 10 3±5 32 1 108 2068 4 20 4 0 149 2034 6 30 4 2 109 2066 6 25 4 0 150. 2033 10 55 12 4 110 2067 8 20 2 0 1 1 111 2064 8 45 8 0 152 1053 14 SO 14 0 112 1076 8 25 6 0 153 1052 12 55 12 0 113 2038 14 30 8 0 154 1051 16 .0 14 0 114 2037 10 20 6 1 155 2137 14 60 34 0 115 2036 18 50 26 1 156 2138 16 45 8 0 116 1075 10 40 8 0 157 2 21 117 1036 10 25__ _ 8 3 158 2136 8 20 4 0 118 1037 14 30 8 3 159 1111111111111'~~~~ 119 1038 8 25 4 3 160 3' 4 !! 0 120 1039 6 20 6 0 161 209.2 6 15_MU.=_~__ 121 2042 4 15 4 0 162 2093 14 40 2 0 20.4.13A

Resu is of analyses in p.p.m Results of analyses in p.p.m.

Sample Code No. Sample Code No. No. on of sample Ni ' e the on .f sample Mo N, U the in files of Cu Zn Pb Mo Y the in tiles of Cu Z ,nY Pb IR map Dept. map Dept. 203 2152 10 25 8 0 163 2094 10 25 6 0 204 2155 8 30 2 0 164 1084 10 55 10 0 205 2144 8 20 2 0 165 2095 12 35 10 0 206 2145 8 30 12 0 166 2096 14 30 12 0 207 2151 12 35 6 0 167 1085 ' 12 40 14 0 208 2098 8 20 4 0 168 2132 8 20 6 0 209 2099 20 35 6 0 ---~ 169 2133 10 20 2 0 210 2127 12 45 12 0 170 2130 10 25 8 0 21 146 10 65 20 0 171 2131 10 40 10 1 712 2125 6 30 8 0 172 2129 12 20 4 0 213 7126 10 35 6 2 173 2128 10 40 8 0 214 1086 14 65 14 0 174 2107 10 25 2 0 215 2124 8 15 4 0 175 2097 6 15 2 0 216 2123 8 15 2 0 176 1083 12 30 10 0 217 2122 12 20 6 0 ,177 2108 14 20 8 0 218 2147 14 20 4 0 178 2109 ; 8 15 8 0 219 2121 14 15 4 0 __-- 179 2106 10 35 6 0 220 2148 10 20 8 0 180 2110 10 35 6 0 221 2150 8 25 2 0 181 2105 8 20 4 0 222 2030 8 25 8 2 182 2111 10 15 2 0 223 2149 6 30 4 0 183 2112 12 20 6 0 224 2029 10 40 4 1 184 2120 10 60 10 0 225 1069 10 50 8 0 185 2104 10 10 2 0 rinnumimmlnimi ,186 2100 , 8 20 2 0 ~ 0 10 45 20 0 187 2103 8 15 6 0 228 1099 12 25 10 0 -~-~ 188 2102 8 20 4 0 229 1065 60 90 18 0 --~~ 189 2101 10 20 2 0 230 1066 16 60 16 0 190 2119 12 40 8 0 231. 1067 36 85 16 0 191 2118 8 20 2 0 232 1093 24 70 18 0 192 2117 12 15 4 0 2 11': _193 2116 10 40 6 0 234 1097 14 35 14 0 --~- 194 2140 •6 20 6 0 235 1096 22 40 16 0 195 2141 6 30 8 0 236 1068 8 25 6 0 196 2142 16 65 50 0 237 1094 14 35 8 0 197 1063 12 40 12 0 238 1095 12 50 12 0 198 1062 12 55 14 3 239 1092 18 35 10 1 199 1064 8 30 8 0 240 1087 14 50 20 0 200 2143 12 20 4 0 241 2115 8 30 2 0 ~--- 201 2153 8 30 4 0 242 1088 16 55 18 0 202 2154 6 25 4 0 243 2114 12 30 4 0 20.4.13A Results of analyses in p.p.m Results of analyses in p.p.m.

Sample Code No. Sample Code No. No. on of sample No. on of sample the in files of Cu Zn Pb Mo NI u the in files of Cu Zn Pb Mo NI u map Dept. map Dept.

244 2113 14 40 12 0 245 1089 12 45 12 0 246 1090 20 60 16 0 247 1(191 16 40 12 0 - 17 -

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CLARK, T.H. - Yamaska-Aston Area; Que. Dept. Nat. Res., Geol. Report 102 (1964).

COOKE, H.C. - Geology of Parts of Richmond and Drummondville Map-areas, Eastern Townships, Quebec; Que. Dept. Mines, unpublished Geological Report (1952).

DRESSER, J.A. and - Geology of Quebec, Vol. 2, Geol. Report DENIS, T.C. 20, Que. Dept. Mines (1944).

ELLS, R.W. - Report on the Geology of a Portion of the Eastern Townships; Geol. Surv. Canada, Annual Report, Vol. II, new series (1886).

ELLS, R.W. - Report on a Portion of the Province of Quebec; Geol. Surv. Canada, Annual Report, Vol. VII, new series (1894).

LESPÉRANCE, P.J. - Preliminary Report on Acton Area; Que. Dept. Nat. Res., P.R. No. 496 (1963).

PARKS, Wm.A. - Natural Gas in the Saint-Lawrence Valley, Quebec; Que. Bur. Mines, Annual Report, part D (1930).