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Achieving Convergence During Humanitarian Assistance And Achieving Convergence during Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Operations in the World’s Largest Urban Areas Proceedings of the “Current and Future Operations in Megacities” Conference, Tokyo, Japan July 16-18, 2019 Dr. Russell W. Glenn Colin Christopher Major Caleb Dexter Major David Norton Major Robert Nussbaumer United States Army Training and Doctrine Command October 1, 2019 Distribution Statement A: This document is approved for public release: distribution unlimited The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the United States Army, Japan Self- Defense Force, Australian Army, U.S. government, or any other organization. ii Preface Five partners recognized the importance of better understanding the challenges of humanitarian assistance/disaster relief (HADR) operations in the world’s largest and most influential urban areas. U.S. Army Pacific (USARPAC), U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), the Australian Army, and U.S. Army Japan (USARJ) worked with the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) in planning and conducting the “Current and Future Operations in Megacities” at the last organization’s Ichigaya headquarters in Tokyo. Speakers and audience spanned organizations representing a comprehensive approach to contingencies, i.e., military, government civilian, nongovernmental, intergovernmental, industry, and others with talents and capabilities relevant to HADR undertakings in urban environments. This document summarizes speaker presentations, presents audience insights, and provides select additional material regarding these endeavors. Latter chapters include pertinent observations and related recommendations. These proceedings, a standalone executive summary of same, the conference briefing slides, and audiovisual recordings of presentations and panel sessions are accessible at https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/mad-scientist/p/mc2019. Those materials will be of interest to individuals with professional, academic, or personal interest in urban operations, HADR, and improving the effectiveness of cooperative ventures during and in the aftermath of disasters. iii Contents Preface............................................................................................................................................ iii Tables and Figures ......................................................................................................................... vi Summary ....................................................................................................................................... vii Observations and recommendations ........................................................................................... x Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... xiv Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. xvii Chapter 1: Overview ....................................................................................................................... 1 A bit of background .................................................................................................................... 2 Conference description ............................................................................................................... 4 What is a megacity? .................................................................................................................... 9 Why Tokyo?.............................................................................................................................. 14 Why humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR)? ............................................................ 16 Summary of initial observations ............................................................................................... 29 Chapter 2: PMESII-PT (Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, Infrastructure - Physical Environment and Time) observations regarding HADR in megacities ......................... 38 Political ..................................................................................................................................... 38 Military ..................................................................................................................................... 40 Economic .................................................................................................................................. 41 Social......................................................................................................................................... 42 Information ............................................................................................................................... 48 iv Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................. 57 Physical Environment ............................................................................................................... 61 Time .......................................................................................................................................... 63 Chapter 3: Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership and Education, Personnel, Facilities, and Policy (DOTMLPF-P) recommendations regarding operations in megacities ..... 67 Doctrine..................................................................................................................................... 67 Organization .............................................................................................................................. 75 Training ..................................................................................................................................... 80 Materiel ..................................................................................................................................... 83 Leadership and education ......................................................................................................... 86 Personnel ................................................................................................................................... 91 Facilities .................................................................................................................................... 91 Policy ........................................................................................................................................ 92 Chapter 4: Conclusion................................................................................................................... 98 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 101 Appendix A: Agenda .................................................................................................................. 108 Appendix B: Speaker biographies .............................................................................................. 113 Appendix C: Select Definitions .................................................................................................. 126 Appendix D: Summary of Observations in PMESII-PT Format ................................................ 127 Appendix E: Summary of Recommendations in DOTMLPF-P Format ..................................... 129 Appendix F: Joint Doctrine Note 1-16 (Red Teaming) .............................................................. 132 v Tables and Figures Figure 1: Minato City special ward liquefaction disaster preparedness map 6 Figure 2: Indo-Pacific megacities as of 2019 10 Figure 3: Overview of Tokyo looking toward Mount Fuji 12 Figure 4: View of Tokyo at night 14 Figure 5: Damage after the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake 17 Figure 6: JGSDF soldiers aid post-3/11 recovery 20 Figure 7: Tokyo “breathing”: Flow of people into, within, and out of Tokyo during a typical workday 23 Figure 8: Strength of an alliance, coalition, partner, or other organizational relationship given the degree of collaboration shown 33 Figure 9: Fabric displaying the messages posted on windows of the Blue & White store in 2011 46 Figure 10: Tokyo flood control system 61 Figure 11: Citizens assisting in recovering those buried after earthquake 64 Figure 12: Always have a plan B 97 vi Summary Urban areas around the world [are] becoming not just the dominant form of habitat for humankind, but also the engine-rooms of human development as a whole.1 United Nations-Habitat Note: This document, a standalone executive summary that expands on the summary provided here, presenter slides, and audiovisual recordings of most speaker remarks and panel question and answer periods are available online at https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/mad- scientist/p/mc2019. Five partners joined to convene the “Current and Future Operations in Megacities” conference, held in Tokyo from July 16-19, 2019. U.S. Army Pacific and its subordinate command – U.S. Army Japan – joined the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, Australian Army, and U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command for the second megacities-oriented event in two years (the first being “Multi-Domain Battle in Megacities” conducted in New York City, April 3-4, 2018). As in New York, the focus was the operational and strategic levels of operations. Three
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