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Imagining Japan in Moscow and Sakhalin, and Imagining Russia in Tokyo and Hokkaido : Contrasting Identities and Title Images of Other in the Center and Periphery

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Imagining Japan in Moscow and Sakhalin, and Imagining Russia in Tokyo and Hokkaido : Contrasting Identities and Title Images of Other in the Center and Periphery Imagining Japan in Moscow and Sakhalin, and Imagining Russia in Tokyo and Hokkaido : Contrasting identities and Title images of Other in the center and periphery. Author(s) BUNTILOV, GEORGY Citation 北海道大学. 博士(教育学) 甲第13626号 Issue Date 2019-03-25 DOI 10.14943/doctoral.k13626 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/74661 Type theses (doctoral) File Information Georgy_Buntilov.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Doctoral Thesis Imagining Japan in Moscow and Sakhalin, and Imagining Russia in Tokyo and Hokkaido: Contrasting identities and images of Other in the center and periphery. モスクワ及びサハリンから見た日本と東京及び北海道 から見たロシア: 中心と周辺地域における「他者」に対する日本及びロ シアのアイデンティティとイメージの対比。 BUNTILOV GEORGY Department of Multicultural Studies Graduate School of Education Hokkaido University February 25, 2018 Abstract This thesis is a comparative analysis of newspaper articles that discusses two sets of images: images of Japan as seen in Russian federal and Sakhalin newspapers, and images of Russia as seen in Japanese national newspapers and Hokkaidō Shimbun. The project employs qualitative and quantitative content analysis to investigate imagery associated with Russia and Japan in printed media, as well as discourses on national identity in Russia and Japan. This research approaches Russo-Japanese relations from two angles: border studies through analysis of media in Hokkaido and Sakhalin, and the center–periphery paradigm through analysis of national and federal media. Using an identity model based on the phenomenological concepts of Self and Other, as well as the notion of antagonism, this research analyzes national identity discourses and images of the antagonized Other-nation in the center and periphery on each side of the border. These images are discussed in a set of case studies based on the topics of newspaper reportage mentioning Other-nation in Russia and Japan. Reportage on the following aspects of Russo-Japanese relations is analyzed in the case studies: 1. Exchange between Russian and Japanese citizens carried out by government and non-government actors; 2. The territorial dispute and exchange between Japan and the disputed islands; 3. History of Russo-Japanese relations and war history; 4. General images of Russian people in Japan and images of Japanese people in Russia as reported in national and local media. The purpose of this research is to clarify through the analysis of news coverage how the relationships between Self and multiple Others on national and local levels affect the formation of local identities and images of national and regional Others in Russia and Japan. ii Japanese Abstract 本論文は、日本とロシアの中心および周辺地域の報道における日本とロシアのイメー ジを議論する新聞記事の比較分析である。本プロジェクトでは、新聞における「自国」 と「他国」のイメージと、ロシアと日本の国民アイデンティティを議論する談話を調 査するために、定性的・定量的な内容分析を用いる。日ロ関係は2 つの中枢パラダイ ムからアップローチする： １．北海道とサハリンを対象とした国境研究 ２．メディア分析 本研究は、現象論的な概念「自」（Self）と「他」（Other）に基づくアイデンティテ ィモデルと「アンタゴニズム」という基礎的な用語を用い、国境をへだてた両国の中 心および周辺地域の「他国」のイメージと国民アイデンティティの議論を分析する。 すなわち、ロシアと日本の間の関係（国家レベル）、モスクワとサハリン、あるいは 東京と北海道の関係（中心／周辺レベル）、サハリンと北海道の関係（地域的レベル） のアンタゴニズムの立場から見た日ロ関係とアイデンティティの分析である。本論文 では、「アンタゴニズム」とは必ずしも対立を意味するわけではなく、緊張やある種 の不安定、曖昧さを示唆する。他国に対するアンタゴニズムとは、違いに関する議論 を通して自国が独自のアイデンティティを構築することであると主張する。 日ロ関係のアスペクトにより「他国」のイメージを示す新聞記事をケーススタディで 分析する。本論文は下記のケーススタディに分けられている： １．政府機関と非政府機関が実施したロシアと日本の市民の交流 ２．北方領土問題と北方領土に関する交流 ３．日ロ関係の歴史と軍事史 ４．日本の新聞におけるロシア人とロシアの新聞における日本人のイメージ 本論文の目的は、ロシアと日本のケーススタディを通して、中心と周辺地域での「自」 と「他」の見方における重要な相違を明らかにすることである。 iii Note on Transliteration and Spelling Russian proper names are spelled as they are referred to in English language sources (e.g. Primorsky Krai, Nikolayevsk). Romanization of Russian text in notes uses the ALA-LC system with the following exceptions: я is spelled as ya: Yaponiya, not Iaponiia. ю is spelled as yu: yug, not iug. Diacritic signs for ya, yu and ts are not preserved. Japanese personal names follow traditional order with the exception of authors who have published in English. Diacritic signs for names commonly known, such as Tokyo or Hokkaido, are not preserved unless the word is part of a different proper name, e.g. Hokkaidō Shimbun. Names of Japanese and Russian authors who have published in English are spelled in accordance with their published works. iv Table of Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................................................................. vii List of Tables............................................................................................................................................... viii Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Approaching Russo-Japanese Relations through Analysis of Printed Media ......................................... 1 National and Regional Identities as Products of Antagonisms ............................................................... 2 Hokkaido and Sakhalin as Border Regions Connecting Russia and Japan ............................................. 4 Research Aims and Goals ....................................................................................................................... 5 Research Method .................................................................................................................................... 6 Thesis Structure .................................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1. National and Regional Self‒Other Antagonisms and Identities: The Case of Russia and Japan. 13 1.1. Self and Other in National and Regional Layers of Identity .......................................................... 13 1.2. Sakhalin and Hokkaido as Center–Periphery Antagonisms ........................................................... 20 1.3. Hokkaido Self: Hokkaido Within Japan, Interaction with Russia .................................................. 30 1.4. Sakhalin Self: Sakhalin within Russia and Japan–Sakhalin Relations........................................... 40 1.5. The Sakhalin–Hokkaido Zone between Russia and Japan ............................................................. 47 Chapter 2. Reporting Russia–Japan Exchange: Points of Contact as Seen in National and Regional News 54 2.1. State and Characteristics of Russia–Japan Exchange .................................................................... 54 2.2. The G8 Summits in News Coverage: a “Global” Event from National and Local Perspectives ... 59 2.3. Regional Factors in Russian and Japanese News Coverage of Cultural Exchange ....................... 72 2.4. Reporting Russia–Japan Business Cooperation: Joint Development of the Russian Far East and the Local Impact of the Drift Net Fishing Ban ........................................................................................... 84 2.5. Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 95 Chapter 3. Reporting the Northern Territories Dispute in Russia and Japan: National and Local Aspects of News Coverage ............................................................................................................................................. 97 3.1. The Territorial Dispute in Academic Literature and News Coverage ............................................ 97 3.2. Local and National Perspectives on the Territorial Dispute ......................................................... 107 3.3. Stolen Territories or a Precious Prize of War? Different Histories of the Disputed Islands in Hokkaido and Sakhalin ....................................................................................................................... 108 v 3.4. Cultural and Business Exchange with the Disputed Islands ........................................................ 119 3.5. Local Reception of the May and December 2016 Summits in Sakhalin and Hokkaido .............. 127 3.6. Local Perspectives on International Relations: Reporting Social Activities, Individual Voices and Public Opinion on the Dispute in Hokkaido and Sakhalin.................................................................. 134 3.7. Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. 141 Chapter 4. Different Histories, Different News: History and War History in Russian and Japanese News 144 4.1. History as a Theme in Other-Related Reportage.......................................................................... 144 4.2. Discovering Other: Stories of Contacts between Russians and Japanese Before and After the Shimoda Treaty ................................................................................................................................... 148 4.3. Remembering the Russo-Japanese War: The 100th Anniversary of the Russo-Japanese War in Russian and Japanese News Coverage ................................................................................................ 157 4.4. World War 2 Anniversary Commemorations in Russian and Japanese News .............................. 166 4.5. Sakhalin under Japanese Rule: Remembering Karafuto in Sakhalin and Hokkaido Newspapers ............................................................................................................................................................ 173 4.6. Prisoners or Detainees: Russian and Japanese Perspectives
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