5/7/2018 Avantgarden - Wikipedia

Avantgarden

For the NKU newspaper of the same name, see Avant-Garden

Avantgarden was one of the illegal newspapers published during the German occupation of during World War II . It was released in . Behind the newspaper were originally two members of the youth workers' laborers ; Kjell Kviberg and Hans Luihn . Apparently, it got its name when one of the editors took up the dictionary, began at the beginning and left his index finger to stop at "avantgarde". [1]

The newspaper made its first issue under the state of emergency in September 1941 . The first page brought the story of the German executions of Viggo Hansteen and Rolf Wickstrøm .

Avantgarden was the first of the illegal newspapers that had their own printing facilities. [2] One of the two behind the newspaper was the son of Per Kviberg at Lilleborg School in Oslo. On the top floor there was a store for school movies, and here you found room for a small print, a digel that was used for texts with the movies. It was borrowed from the Technical Museum , foot-driven and characterized by age. It could print sheets up to the A4 format, sheets that had to be Avantgarden No. 1. 1945, a rather simple handed in one by one. Kjell Kviberg was also in charge of the print. establishment, albeit not at a professional pace. On this equipment the avantgarden was pressed.

Lilleborg school was used as German barracks, but the guards turned around to see the young newspaper publishers soon: wearing white coats, they worked on the movies, often until late in the night. The Germans eventually found the traffic so natural that they helped carry heavy packages of newspapers and paper. As a gesture to the teacher and the "culture film" on the top floor, the Germans also blocked the premises used. On the doorstep of the corridor with the drawing room and school film store hanged the piece " Zutritt verboten! ". With the German Commander's stamp and signature. [3]

The first edition of the Avantgarden was printed in 400 copies, but Blue plaque on the outside of Lilleborg the edition increased in a few months to 4000. Demand was even School in memory of Avantgarden, which greater, but the equipment's limitations and the noise of the old was edited and printed here. printing company made it difficult to produce more.

Later, however, it was possible to get an office offset machine and print much larger printouts. It happened when another illegal newspaper was rolled up: Norsk Tidend . It had managed to acquire its own household printing, housed in rented premises on Oslo's eastern edge. When Norsk Tidend 's people were arrested, the group behind Avantgarden just got the machine. They got a key to the room and took a handkerchief and evening darkness for help.

https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarden 1/3 5/7/2018 Avantgarden - Wikipedia The machine was small, fast, efficient, the noise less and could drive large printouts. The downside was that the offset technique was more complicated, and the quality of the print had a clear trace of the first time. The record increased dramatically, reaching 18,000 in the autumn of 1942.

In Lilleborg, you also printed other illegal material, including in connection with the teacher front. The first illegal book of the occupation was also printed here: A Compressed Version of Foreign Minister Koht's Book "Norway Neutral and Persecuted".

Eventually, life at Lilleborg became too risky. Now you rent a room and camouflaged the printer as a toy factory. During the war there were a number of factories that produced wooden toys. From this they bought whole and semi- finished products, ranging from wooden blocks to finished painted toys. In addition, a few machines were installed, so the facade would be credible.

Editors and typesetters were installed in a cabin on Krokskogen , which they held until the winter 1942 - 1943 . Now you also got professionals. Sentral was Roald Halvorsen , one of the authors of the typographers in Oslo. He had managed to escape the Germans when they clashed to arrest him in the workplace. Instead, they had arrested his wife. [4]

In November 1942, the Avantgarde's main distributor was taken, the young social economist and music student Rolf Lyng Nissen. He distributed the entire newspaper's edition, 15,000 copies. 5000 was delivered to a conductor on the Bergensbanen for distribution in western Norway . The conductor was taken, and Nissen was later arrested when he was to deliver the next package.

Nissen was a key person. He had been with since the avantgarden was started. He had also visited Peder Furubotn's coverage site in the mountains of Eastern Norway , the Communist's main base , as the editor of the editorial office . [5] However, he managed to blow the Germans with the fact that he was only "bidder", and then used the Chief of Oslo Population Registry, Odd Storm-Larsen as "bastard". Storm-Larsen was sent to Sweden for precautionary reasons. In this way, Nissen managed to shield Avantgarden , so Gestapo failed to roll up more of the organization. Nissen was sent to Germany's history (1933-1945) and died inSachsenhausen in May 1944 . After Nissen, Henrik Lunde and later Odd Gøthe were the main distributors of the newspaper.

In the summer of 1943 there was an open breach between the two who had started the newspaper. Kviberg wanted to develop cooperation with the communists, something Luihn opposed. It ended with the fact that Kviberg and the newspaper's technical device followed NKP . [6]

Luihn and several of those involved attempted to retrieve their version of Avantgarden and tried to get suitable equipment from Sweden so that it could be in the same version as before. With the help of the press office at the Norwegian Legion in Stockholm , a number was smashed across the border. The next number was sent in the form of clichés, but these were taken by the Germans when they hit the so-called "pressure crack". Luihn and others who had worked with the editorial started now the black-and-white magazine , which became a significant illegal newspaper. [7]

In the last part of the war, Communists stood for the release of Avantgarden . In 1945, the newspaper was published with the subtitle "Body for Spirit Workers". [8]

Avantgarden was one of the few illegal newspapers that continued the post-war releases. [6] Throughout the peace summer of 1945, it came with weekly editions. It retained both the name and the title head, but the post-war version was far better equipped, with larger formats, photographs and illustrations. As editors Frithjof Tidemand- Johannessen , Reidar Revold and Anders Bratholm were .

References

1. ^ Page 138. Hans Luihn: The Illegal Newspapers , University Publishing (1960) https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avantgarden 2/3 5/7/2018 Avantgarden - Wikipedia 2. ^ Page 5. Hans Luihn (red): Illegal newspapers 1940 - 1945 . AL Library Centers (1995) ISBN 82-7022-165-1 3. ^ Page 168. Hans Luihn: The Illegal Newspapers , University Publishing (1960) 4. ^ Page 170. Hans Luihn: The Illegal Newspapers , University Publishing (1960) 5. ^ Page 284. Hans Luihn: The Illegal Newspapers , University Publishing (1960) a b 6. ^ Page 35. Hans Luihn: The Free Secret Press . National Library (1999) ISBN 82-7965-010-5 7. ^ Page 106. Hans Luihn: The Illegal Newspapers , University Publishing (1960) 8. ^ Side 174. Hans Luihn: De illegale avisene, Universitetsforlaget (1960)

Eksterne lenker

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