French Grammar Basics and Beyond

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

French Grammar Basics and Beyond French Grammar Basics and Beyond Easy explanations in English of French Grammar with more than 200 exercises, and solutions! This grammar book is for students of the A1 levels (total beginners) to B1 level (intermediate level). Click here to order this e-book at Special Price Only $24.50/ 21.90 € / £18.99! Paperback and Kindle version also available – Details here French Grammar Basics and Beyond ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ©ȱ2020ȱbyȱLearn French at Home.ȱAllȱrightsȱreserved.ȱ NoȱpartȱofȱthisȱeȬbookȱmayȱbeȱreproducedȱinȱanyȱwriĴen,ȱelectronic,ȱrecording,ȱorȱphotocopyingȱwithȬ outȱwriĴenȱpermissionȱofȱtheȱpublisherȱorȱauthors.ȱȱ ȱ Publishedȱby:ȱLearn French at Home www.learnfrenchathome.comȱ Authors:ȱCélineȱVanȱLoanȱandȱAnnickȱStevensonȱ 3rdȱedition.ȱ1stȱeditionȱpublishedȱinȱ2011.ȱ ȱ DateȱofȱPublication:ȱ2020.ȱ ISBN:ȱ9798664830743ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Coverȱphoto:ȱȱ Paris,ȱtheȱRodinȱMuseumȱ©ȱCélineȱVanȱLoanȱ Backȱcoverȱphoto:ȱ CélineȱVanȱLoanȱ©ȱMartyȱVanȱLoanȱ 2 French Grammar Basics and Beyond AboutLearn French at Home Learn French at Home,ȱ createdȱ inȱ 2004ȱ byȱ Célineȱ andȱ Vincentȱ Anthonioz, hasȱ helpedȱ thousandsȱ ofȱ Frenchȱlearners,ȱeachȱwithȱveryȱdiěerentȱlearningȱgoals.ȱTheȱmainȱingredientȱofȱourȱsuccessȱliesȱinȱourȱ teamȱofȱprofessionalȱandȱfriendlyȱnativeȱFrenchȱteachersȱwhoȱtakeȱtheȱtimeȱtoȱpersonalizeȱeveryȱsingle lessonȱaccordingȱtoȱtheȱstudentȇsȱpersonalȱandȱprofessionalȱgoal.ȱOurȱmainȱpurposeȱisȱtoȱdeliverȱtrueȱ qualityȱserviceȱtoȱeachȱstudent.ȱ ȱ Sinceȱtheȱlessonsȱtakeȱplaceȱinȱtheȱstudentȇsȱhomeȱorȱworkplace,ȱitȱdoesnȇtȱmaĴerȱwhereȱyouȱlive.ȱ TheȱteachersȱareȱlocatedȱinȱEuropeȱandȱinȱNorth,ȱCentralȱandȱSouthȱAmerica. ȱȱȱȱWhenȱyouȇreȱreadyȱtoȱtakeȱyourȱFrenchȱlearningȱtoȱanotherȱlevel,ȱLearn French at Home canȱsetȱyouȱ upȱwithȱoneȬonȬoneȱpersonalizedȱFrenchȱlessonsȱwithȱaȱprofessionalȱandȱencouragingȱFrenchȱnativeȱ teacher.ȱȱ ȱ EveryȱlessonȱisȱgivenȱonȱSkypeȱorȱZoom.ȱWhetherȱyouȱneedȱtoȱlearnȱtheȱlanguageȱtoȱprepareȱforȱ yourȱupcomingȱtripȱtoȱaȱFrenchȱspeakingȱcountry,ȱorȱwhetherȱyouȱneedȱitȱtoȱworkȱonȱanyȱprofessionalȱ objectives,ȱorȱyouȱsimplyȱwishȱtoȱenjoyȱcommunicatingȱinȱFrench,ȱyouȇllȱęndȱtheȱappropriateȱprogramȱ onȱourȱwebsite.ȱWeȱalsoȱoěerȱFrenchȱlessonsȱforȱkids,ȱwhichȱareȱaȱbigȱsuccessȱamongȱparentsȱwishingȱ thatȱtheirȱchildrenȱbecomeȱĚuentȱinȱaȱforeignȱlanguage.ȱȱ ȱ DuringȱtheȱsessionȱonȱSkypeȱorȱZoom,ȱtheȱteacherȱprivilegesȱthatȱtimeȱtoȱstimulateȱtheȱlearnerȱtoȱ speakȱinȱFrench,ȱandȱexplainsȱgrammaticalȱpoints.ȱYouȇllȱgetȱrealȱpracticeȱasȱthoughȱyouȱwereȱtravelȬ ingȱorȱlivingȱinȱFrance!ȱWeȱoěerȱ9ȱdiěerentȱlessonȱformats,ȱyouȱcanȱreadȱaboutȱthemȱon:ȱ www.learnfrenchathome.comȱ ȱ ToȱęndȱoutȱifȱlearningȱFrenchȱonȱSkypeȱorȱZoomȱisȱrightȱforȱyou,ȱscheduleȱaȱfree oneȬonȬone evaluȬ ation:ȱwww.learnfrenchathome.com/freeȬfrenchȬlessonsȱ ȱ AȱlanguageȱadvisorȱwillȱbeȱhappyȱtoȱevaluateȱyourȱFrenchȱlearningȱneedsȱandȱsuggestȱtheȱrightȱ lessonȱformatȱforȱyou. Bienvenue à Learn French at Home ! Every teacher at Learn French at Home teaches French with pas- sion and establishes a caring and friendly relationship with each student. Learning from home in a relaxed atmosphere inevitably leads to positive results. Having fun learning while experiencing real progress is our main objective for each lesson.ȱȱ ȱ À bientôt ! Céline 4 French Grammar Basics and Beyond ȱ ȱ FrenchȱGrammarȱ BasicsȱandȱBeyondȱ ȱ ȱ EasyȱExplanationsȱinȱEnglishȱofȱFrenchȱGrammarȱ withȱ200ȱExercisesȱandȱSolutionsȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ CélineȱVanȱLoanȱ andȱAnnickȱStevensonȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱAȱPublicationȱofȱLearnȱFrenchȱatȱHome 5 French Grammar Basics and Beyond OTHER BOOKS OF LEARN FRENCH AT HOME —Say It with a French Accent. French Grammar in Context: 40 ęllȬin scenarios with audio. PaȬ perback and eBook (pdf). 2020. —Learning French? How to Make it Happen. A selfȬhelp book that addresses the questions that most people who want to learn French feel the need to ask when they start. With a multitude of tips, tricks and tools. Paperback, Kindle and eBook (pdf). 2020. —Traveling in France: Essential Communication for the Smart Tourist. An easy guide of everyȬ day French expressions and vocabulary indispensable for foreigners traveling in France. PaperȬ back and eBook (pdf) with audio links. New edition 2020. —12 Short suspense Stories in French for French Learners: Le bruit des vagues (Nr. 1, 2017); Le pays de lȇamour (Nr. 2, 2018); Le trésor (Nr 3, 2019); Le chat qui parle (Nr 4, 2020). Glossaries, grammar tips, cultural notes, exercises with solutions and full audio for each story. Paperback and eBooks (pdf) with audio links. —Learn French with Fun Activities. A Workbook for kids and teenagers, with songs, poems, exercises and games. For parents or French teachers who will guide the children through the suggested means of studying. Paperback and eBook (pdf) with audio links. New edition 2020. —EnglishȬFrench Glossary of the United Nations, NGOs and International Relations. 12,000 words and expressions about the new challenges of todayȇs world. Paperback and eBook (pdf). 2020. www.learnfrenchathome.com/frenchȬaudioȬbooks All these books are also available on Amazon: amazon.com/author/annickstevenson Our Magazine French Accent Magazine: The unique and FREE eȬmagazine (pdf) for French learners, with a cenȬ tral theme, articles on topics such as politics, culture, grammar, etc. Scenarios and vocabulary with audio links are included as well. www.learnfrenchathome.com/frenchȬaccentȬmagazine 6 French Grammar Basics and Beyond By learning a new language I discover mine, I analyse it more, I understand much beĴer my own grammar. ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱNancyȱHustonȱ isȱaȱCanadianȱnovelistȱwhoȱwritesȱȱ primarilyȱinȱFrenchȱandȱtranslatesȱȱ herȱownȱworksȱintoȱEnglishȱ ȱȱ 7 French Grammar Basics and Beyond TABLEOFCONTENTS FOREWORD Page15 1.Bonjour ! Page17 EXERCISEPage18 2.SpellingandthealphabetPage19 EXERCISESPage19 3.Être (tobe)Page20 –Tu andvous Page20 –On andnous Page21 –Les naƟonalités(NaƟonaliƟes)Page21 –Quelques adjecƟfs (AfewadjecƟves) Page21 –ThemoreusualnegaƟveconstrucƟon(ne...pas) Page22 EXERCISESPage23 –C'est vsIlest Page26 EXERCISESPage28 4.L'heure et la fréquence(ExpressionsofƟmeandfrequency)Page30 EXERCISESPage32 5.WordsgenderanddeĮnite/indeĮnitearƟcles:le,la,les,un,une,des Page33 EXERCICESPage36 6.Avoir (tohave)Page38 EXERCISESPage39 –Il y a Page44 EXERCISESPage44 –Être et avoir Page46 EXERCISESPage46 9 French Grammar Basics and Beyond 7. Les adjecƟfs possessifs (Possessive adjecƟves): mon, ma, mes, etc. Page 49 EXERCISES Page 50 8. Les préposiƟons (PreposiƟons) –I. En Page 51 –II. Pour, avec Page 52 –III. PreposiƟons of place (dans, sur, etc.) Page 52 EXERCISES Page 54 –IV. "À" vs "de" Page 58 Les arƟcles parƟƟfs (ParƟƟve arƟcles): de, du, de la, des, etc. Page 60 EXERCISES Page 62 9. Aller (to go) Page 64 –Chez Page 64 EXERCISES Page 66 10. Faire (to do/to make) Page 68 EXERCISES Page 71 11. Regular verbs ending in "er" in the present tense Page 74 EXERCISES Page 76 12. Si vs Oui Page 79 EXERCISES Page 80 13. Les adjecƟfs (The adjecƟves) Page 81 –Placement of the adjecƟves Page 84 EXERCISES Page 85 14. Poser des quesƟons (InterrogaƟves) –EstͲce que, qu’estͲce que, que, quoi, quel… Page 87 EXERCISES Page 89 AddiƟonal interrogaƟves –Qui, comment, pourquoi, quand, où, combien... Page 91 EXERCISES Page 94 15. Verbes pronominaux (ReŇexive verbs) Page 98 EXERCISES Page 100 10 French Grammar Basics and Beyond 16. La négaƟon (ThenegaƟveforms) Page102 EXERCISES Page104 17. Quelqu'un,quelque chose,etc.(Someone,something,etc.) Page106 EXERCISES Page108 18. Regularverbsendingin"ir" inthepresenttense Page109 EXERCISES Page111 19. Regularverbsendingin"re"and"oir"inthepresenttense Page113 EXERCISES Page115 20. Pouvoir (can/beableto),vouloir (towant),devoir (tohaveto/must) Page117 EXERCISES Page118 21. Falloir anddevoir (tohaveto) Page120 EXERCISES Page121 22. Voir (tosee),regarder (tolookat/towatchͿ Page122 EXERCISES Page123 23. Entendre (tohear),écouter (tolistento) Page124 EXERCISES Page125 24. SenƟr,ressenƟr (bothverbsmean:tofeel) Page126 EXERCISES Page127 25. Penser, croire (tothinkandtobelieve) Page128 EXERCISE Page128 26. Savoir vsconnaître (bothverbsmean:toknow) Page129 EXERCISES Page131 27. Le passé composé:Themostusualpasttense Page132 EXERCISES Page136 28. L’imparfait:Theotherwidelyusedpasttense Page139 EXERCISES Page142 11 French Grammar Basics and Beyond 29.Le passé composé vsl'imparfait Page145 EXERCISESPage145 30.Verbes de mouvement:Visiter,retourner,rentrer,sorƟr,venir,etc. (Tovisit,togoback,tocomeback,togoout,tocome,etc.)Page147 EXERCISES Page150 31.Tu m'aimes ? Non, mais je t'aime bien ! (Tolove/tolike) Page152 EXERCISESPage154 32.Manquer/rater (tomiss,tolack,tofail)Page155 EXERCISESPage157 33.Theverbpasser(Topass,tostopby,etc.) Page159 EXERCISESPage162 34.Les adverbes (Theadverbs)Page164 –Placementoftheadverbs Page165 EXERCISESPage166 35.La comparaison (Makingcomparisons)Page167 EXERCISESPage168 –LesuperlaƟf(themost/theleast) Page170 EXERCISESPage170 36.Être en train de,venir de,être sur le point de... (Inthemistofdoingsomething,etc.) Page171 EXERCISESPage172 37.Les pronoms directs et indirects (Directandindirectpronouns)Page173 EXERCISESPage175 38.Thepronouns"en"and"y"Page177 EXERCISESPage178 39.Les préposiƟons exprimant la durée (PreposiƟonsofƟme) Depuis,ça fait,il y a,pendant,durant,pour,dans,enPage179 EXERCISESPage182 12 French Grammar Basics and Beyond 40.An vsannée,jourvsjournée, etc.Page185 EXERCISESPage187 41.Le futur (Thefuture)Page188 EXERCISESPage190 42.L'impéraƟf (TheimperaƟvetense)
Recommended publications
  • Understanding Core French Grammar
    Understanding Core French Grammar Andrew Betts Lancing College, England Vernon Series in Language and Linguistics Copyright © 2016 Vernon Press, an imprint of Vernon Art and Science Inc, on behalf of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Vernon Art and Ascience Inc. www.vernonpress.com In the Americas: In the rest of the world: Vernon Press Vernon Press 1000 N West Street, C/Sancti Espiritu 17, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Malaga, 29006 Delaware 19801 Spain United States Vernon Series in Language and Linguistics Library of Congress Control Number: 2016947126 ISBN: 978-1-62273-068-1 Product and company names mentioned in this work are the trademarks of their respec- tive owners. While every care has been taken in preparing this work, neither the authors nor Vernon Art and Science Inc. may be held responsible for any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it. Table of Contents Acknowledgements xi Introduction xiii Chapter 1 Tense Formation 15 1.0 Tenses – Summary 15 1.1 Simple (One-Word) Tenses: 15 1.2 Compound (Two-word) Tenses: 17 2.0 Present Tense 18 2.1 Regular Verbs 18 2.2 Irregular verbs 19 2.3 Difficulties with the Present Tense 19 3.0 Imperfect Tense 20 4.0 Future Tense and Conditional Tense 21 5.0 Perfect Tense 24 6.0 Compound Tense Past Participle Agreement 28 6.1
    [Show full text]
  • INTERSECTING CONSTRAINT FAMILIES: an ARGUMENT for HARMONIC GRAMMAR KIE Zuraw BRUCE HAYES University of California, Los Angeles U
    INTERSECTING CONSTRAINT FAMILIES: AN ARGUMENT FOR HARMONIC GRAMMAR Kie Zuraw Bruce Hayes University of California, Los Angeles University of California, Los Angeles In the analysis of free variation in phonology, we often encounter the effects of intersecting constraint families: there are two independent families of constraints, each of which has a quantifiable effect on the outcome. A challenge for theories is to account for the patterns that emerge from such intersection. We address three cases: Tagalog nasal substitution, French liai- son/elision, and Hungarian vowel harmony, using corpus data. We characterize the patterns we find as across-the-board effects in both dimensions, restrained by floor and ceiling limits. We ana- lyze these patterns using several formal frameworks, and find that an accurate account is best based on harmonic grammar (in one of its two primary quantitative implementations). Our work also suggests that certain lexical distinctions treated as discrete by classical phonological theory (e.g. ‘h-aspiré’ vs. ordinary vowel-initial words of French) are in fact gradient and require quanti- tative treatment.* Keywords: harmonic grammar, noisy harmonic grammar, maximum entropy grammars, Tagalog, French, Hungarian, intersecting constraint families 1. Introduction. A key debate in constraint-based linguistic frameworks concerns ranking versus weighting. Optimality theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky 2004 [1993]) uses strict ranking: candidate A is preferred to candidate B if the highest-ranked constraint that distinguishes between them prefers A. In harmonic grammar (Le- gendre et al. 1990, Legendre et al. 2006, Potts et al. 2010, and others), the constraints bear numeric weights, and the winner is the candidate with the best harmony value (a weighted sum of constraint violations).
    [Show full text]
  • Fre 121 Course Material
    FRE 121: FRENCH GRAMMAR 1 NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COURSE CODE: FRE 121 COURSE TITLE: FRENCH GRAMMAR I COURSE GUIDE FRE 107 COURSE GUIDE FRE 121 FRENCH GRAMMAR I COURSE DEVELOPER LUCY JUMMAI JIBRIN SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA LAGOS . UNIT WRITER LUCY JUMMAI JIBRIN SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA LAGOS . COURSE EDITOR DR. OLU AKEUSOLA FRENCH DEPARTMENT ADENIRAN OGUNSANYA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION OTTO / IJANIKAN LAGOS . COURSE COORDINATOR LUCY JUMMAI JIBRIN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA LAGOS . ii COURSE GUIDE FRE 107 NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA HEADQUARTERS 14/16 AHMADU BELLO WAY VICTORIA ISLAND LAGOS ABUJA ANNEX 245 SAMUEL ADESUJO ADEMULEGUN STREET CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT OPPOSITE AREWA SUITES ABUJA E-MAIL : CENTRALINFO @NOU .EDU .NG URL: WWW .NOU .EDU .NG NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA 2006 FIRST PRINTED 2006 ISBN: 978-058-519-2 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED BY …………….. FOR NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA iii COURSE GUIDE FRE 107 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1 COURSE OBJECTIVES .............................................................. 1 - 2 WORKING THROUGH THIS COURSE ............................................. 2 COURSE MATERIALS ................................................................ 2 STUDY UNITS .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Collins Easy Learning French Grammar
    OVER TWO M I LLION COPIES SOLD .Fllftarnin- o"'.. t4...'l Collins Collins French Crammar Harpercollins Publishers When you buy a Collins dictionary Westerhill Road or thesaurus and register on Bishopbriggs wurw.collinslanguage,com for the free clasgow online and digital services, you will not CONTENTS G64 2qT be charged by HarperCollins for access to Creat Britain Collins free Online Dictionary content or Foreword for language teachers V Collins free OnlineThesaurus content on First Edition 2oo4 that website. However, your operator's Introduction for students vi charges for using the internet on your Reprint 15 14 13 12 11 10 computer will apply, Costs vary from Glossary of grammar terms vill operator to operator. Harpercollins is not Nouns 1 o HarperCollins Publishers zoo4 responsible for any charges levied by online service providers for accessing Collins free Using nouns 1 rsBN 978-o-oo-219644-9 Online Dictionary or Collins free Online Gender 2 Thesaurus on www.collinslanguage.com Forming plurals 9 Collins@ and Bank ofEnglish@ are using these services. registered trademarks of Articles 12 HarperCollins Publishers Limited HarperCollins does not wafiant Different types of article 12 that the functions contained in The definite article: le, la, l' and les 13 www.collinslanguage.com www.collinslanguage.com content 't9 will be uninterrupted or error free, The indefinite article: un, une and des A catalogue record for this book is avaiiable that defects wiII be corrected, or that The partitive article: du, de la, de l'and des 22 from the British Library www.collinslanguage.com or the server that makes it available are free of viruses Adjectives 25 Typeset by Davidson Pre-Press, Clasgow or bugs.
    [Show full text]
  • French Grammar in a Nutshell
    Chapter 1 French Grammar in a Nutshell In This Chapter ▶ Getting to know French parts of speech ▶ Building and embellishing sentences ▶ Moving through verb tenses and moods rench grammar is somewhat complex, and this book gives you plenty of material to dig Finto, little by little. I start you off easy in this chapter, providing an overview of what’s to come so you’ll feel a little more familiar with the topics throughout the book. If you take the time to read this chapter, you get a good grammar primer to help you through the jour- ney you’re about to embark on. The Parts of Speech Learning a language is easier if you know what it’s made of. To grasp the fundamentals of any language, your native language as well as French, you need to recognize the parts of speech, the various types of words that compose a language and how they work. The follow- ing sections give you the scoop. Nouns You should know three essential things about a French nom (noun): ✓ It refers to people,COPYRIGHTED places, things, or concepts. MATERIAL ✓ It has a gender (masculine, he, or feminine, she), and a number (singular or plural). You need to know the noun’s characteristics to make other elements of a sentence match it. That’s called agreement in gender and number. ✓ It can have different roles (called functions) in a sentence: • It can be the subject of the verb, as the noun professeur in this sentence: Le professeur parle. (The professor speaks.) • It can be the object of the verb, as the noun lune in: Nous regardons la lune.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short and Easy Modern Greek Grammar
    L EG E ise Boo and k , LI BRARY THE UNI VERSI TY O F C ALI FO RNI A SANTA BARBARA PRESENTED BY ED I TH ST I C K NEY nacxr e n racu i s itself co s is , n ting eith e r of a short s to ry or o f a des criptio n of some particu la r i o d f s ci et ep s e or ph as e o o y. “ rl — Amo st the mea s now ado d Literary Wo d . n n pte in orde r to i ncre as e the pleas u re an relie ve the dru dge ry of le a rning a ei la u a e one of the e is h for gn ng g , b st t e sele ction o f more i te es ti e x t acts for e adi t a was fo me l the ca e and n r ng r r ng h n r r y s , this te nde ncy is ve ry m arke d in The Wellington C ollege French Pu ils who av e it la ced in t e i a d l Reader . p h p h r h n s are great y ° vil ed in com a iso wit o s f eg p r n h th e o a forme r ge ne rati o n . to ies and s etc es f o m Erckmann- C hatrian u le s nde au r k h r , J S a , Al o se D au det and o t e w ite s who a e al to a co te m ph n , h r r r pp n rar e c - e a di u li c are de cidedl mo e e te tai in po y Fr n h r ng p b , y r n r n g t a the models of co ect w iti who we e fo me l in vo u e h n rr r ng r r r y g , while the a dvantage is gain ed o f be co ming accu stomed to Fre nch as it is s o e and w itte at the e se t da The Rea der is p k n r n pr n y.
    [Show full text]
  • Automatic Grammar Checkers to the Rescue of French L2 Object Clitics
    The Thirty-Third International FLAIRS Conference (FLAIRS-33) Automatic Grammar Checkers to the Rescue of French L2 Object Clitics Adel Jebali∗ Concordia University 1455, De Maisonneuve Blvd. W. Montreal, Quebec, Canada [email protected] Abstract Ouellet examined the effects of integrating Antidote soft- ware in a French L1 high school in Quebec, Canada. She French grammar checkers, such as Antidote, Cordial and Le found that there is a positive correlation between the fre- Robert Correcteur, have gained a solid reputation concerning quency of use of the software and the average final scores their usefulness as helping tools for learners of French L1. obtained in a French course. Likewise, the study that was This usefulness is however demonstrated only in some con- texts where these automatic tools make learners more con- conducted by Mireault (2009) confirmed the results and scious of the metalinguistic knowledge. Yet, for the case of demonstrated the effectiveness of this grammar checker. Yet, French L2 learners, a lot has to be done to assert that these the usefulness of this tool is limited to correcting spelling automatic grammar checkers are useful in language class or mistakes only and syntax is its main weakness. However, as complementary materials. In this context, an experiment Bouffard and Jebali (2013) have shown that the errors of was conducted to investigate the use of grammar checkers for agreement of the past participle in French L2 are generally French L2 learners. An online corpus of French L2 texts (CE- well corrected by this grammar checker. Burston (2013) also FLE) written by learners of various proficiency levels were states that: analyzed using Antidote (version 10, 2019).
    [Show full text]
  • Materials for Translating English Into German with In- Dexes of Words and Explanatory Notes
    EiffclSriNTO ääi>i£l{)EiLB£:RG Julius Groos, Publisher, Heidelberg. Gaspey-Otto-Sauer's method for the learning of Modern languages. „Mit jeder neuerlernten Sprache gewinnt man eine neue Seele." Karl V. The textbooks of the Gaspey-Otto-Sauer method have, within the last ten years, acquired a universal reputation, increasing in pro- portion as a knowledge of living languages has become a necessity of modern life. The chief points of advantage, by which they com- pare favorably with thousands of similar books, are lowness of price and good appearance, the happy union of theory and practice, the clear scientific basis of the grammar proper combined with prac- tical conversational exercises, and the system, here conceived for the first time and consistently carried out, by which the pupil is really taught to speak and write the foreign language. To this method is entirely due the enormous success with which the Gaspey-Otto-Sauer textbooks have met; most other gram- mars either content themselves with giving the theoretical exposition of the grammatical forms and trouble the pupil with a confused mass of the most far-fetched irregularities and exceptions without ever applying them, or go to the other extreme, and simply teach him to repeat in a parrot-like manner a few colloquial phrases without letting him grasp the real genius of the foreign language. The superiority of the Gaspey-Otto-Sauer textbooks is most clearly proved by the unanimous opinion of the press in all quarters of the Globe, by the numerous editions they have hitherto passed through, by the success attending the books based on this method in other foreign languages and lastly even by the frequent attempts at imitation, plagiarism and fraudulent impressions.
    [Show full text]
  • Phonetic French Grammar
    H,M » mm WSSMmm mm PI HIH 11111111H HI Class PC %\i\ Book.. W4 s5" GcpigM COPYRIGHT DEPOSm PHONETIC FRENCH GRAMMAR BY H. M. WELLS Head of Department of French and Spanish Taft School "PC Copyright, 1010 By H. M. WELLS Jt/L 10 19/9 THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A. ©CU529151 PREFACE In this book the French words are represented entirely in phonetic spelling. The book is, so far as I know, the only one of its kind published in this country. It therefore may need a few words of explanation. For many years I have made use of the various helps to the study of French pronunciation. The use of a phonetic notation early appealed to me as the only satisfactory way of dealing with the subject as long as the classes are fairly large and the time devoted is relatively short. The prin- ciple of economy, also, involved in offering the student one difficulty at a time seemed to me a sound one. Experience in beginning with the traditional spelling instead of the phonetic forms has only confirmed me in my faith in the latter method. Here let me say that the advocates of a phonetic tran- scription have never claimed that its use made any differ- ence in the physical act of pronouncing French sounds. The teaching of sound-production is an entirely separate matter, which could be done quite as well without any alphabet at all. If we could give every student a phono- graph with the correct record of the text to be studied, pos- sibly this would be even preferable to a phonetic alphabet.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern SPANISH Grammar Second Edition Routledge Modern Grammars Series Concept and Development – Sarah Butler
    Modern SPANISH Grammar Second Edition Routledge Modern Grammars Series concept and development – Sarah Butler Other books in the series: Modern Spanish Grammar Workbook by Juan Kattán-Ibarra and Irene Wilkie ISBN 0–415–12099–3 Modern French Grammar Modern French Grammar Workbook Modern German Grammar Modern German Grammar Workbook Modern Italian Grammar Modern Italian Grammar Workbook Modern SPANISH Grammar A practical guide Second Edition Juan Kattán-Ibarra and Christopher J. Pountain First published 1997 by Routledge Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Second edition published 2003 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © 1997, 2003 Juan Kattán-Ibarra and Christopher J. Pountain This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” The authors assert their moral right to be identified as the authors of this work All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available
    [Show full text]
  • A Reference Grammar of French a Reference Grammar of French Is a Lively, Wide-Ranging and Original Handbook on the Structure of the French Language
    This page intentionally left blank A Reference Grammar of French A Reference Grammar of French is a lively, wide-ranging and original handbook on the structure of the French language. It includes new information on register, pronunciation, gender, number, foreign words (Latin, Arabic, English, Spanish, Italian), adjectives and past participles used as nouns, texting, word order, frequency of occurrence of words, and usage with all geographical names. Examples come not only from France, but also from Quebec, Belgium and Switzerland. Readers will appreciate the initial passages illustrating the grammatical features of a given chapter. Also included is a user-friendly introduction to the French language, from its Latin origins to modern times. A full glossary explains any terms that might confuse the less experienced reader, and the index leads the student through the detailed labyrinth of grammatical features. This handbook will be an invaluable resource for students and teachers who want to perfect their knowledge of all aspects of French grammar. r. e. batchelor taught French and Spanish for forty years in the Department of Modern Languages at the University of Nottingham. He has published thirteen books, some on the French language, with second and third editions. m. chebli-saadi is a senior lecturer-researcher at the Universit´e Stendhal Grenoble 3. She has published many articles, books and dictionaries, and has a long experience in teaching French to foreign students, notably from the USA. A Reference Grammar of French R. E. BATCHELOR University of Nottingham M. CHEBLI-SAADI Universit´eStendhal Grenoble 3 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521145114 c R.
    [Show full text]
  • Descriptive Grammar of the Standard French Language
    Descriptive Grammar of the Standard French Language Alphabet (L'Alphabet) French uses the Latin alphabet. ... Letter (Lettre) A a B b C c D d E e F f G g Letter Name (Nom de Lettre) [a] [be] [se] [de] [ ] [ f] [ e] Letter (Lettre) H h I i J j K k L l M m N n Letter Name (Nom de Lettre) [a ] [i] [ i] [ka] [ l] [ m] [ n] Letter (Lettre) O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u Letter Name (Nom de Lettre) [ ] [pe] [ky] [ ] [ s] [te] [y] Letter (Lettre) V v W w X x Y y Z z Letter Name (Nom de Lettre) [ve] [dubl ve] [iks] [i g k] [z d] ... Sounds (Sons) Vowels (see Vowels & Vowel combinations) Consonants [i] il, vie, lyre [p] père, soupe [e] blé, jouer [t] terre, vite [ ] lait, jouet, merci [k] cou, qui, sac, képi [a] plat, patte [b] bon, robe [ ] bas, pâte [d] dans, aide [ ] mort, donner [g] gare, bague [o] mot, dôme, eau, gauche [f] feu, neuf, photo [u] genoue, roue [s] sale, celui, ça, dessoue, tasse, nation [y] rue, vêtu [ ] chair, tache [ø] peu, deux [v] vous, rêve [œ] peur, meuble [z] zéro, maison, rose [ ] le, premier [ ] je, gilet, geôle 1 [l] lent, sol Nasalized Vowels [ ] rue, venir [ ] matin, plein [m] main, femme [ ] sans, vent [n] nous, tonne, animal [ ] bon, ombre [ ] agneau, vigne [ ] lundi, brun [h] hop! (exclamation) [*] haricot (no liaison or elision) Semi Vowels [j] yeux, paille, pied (see "y", "l mouillé") Foreign Consonants [w] oui, nouer [ ] (in English words) camping (in Spanish and Arabic words) jota, [ ] huile, lui [x] khamsin Spelling French spelling reflects, on the one hand, the pronunciation of the Middle Ages and, on the other hand, strives to imitate the Latin orthography.
    [Show full text]