108 Character Education Through the Introduction of the Legend

Character Education Through The Introduction of The Legend Character for Elementary School Students

Apri Kartikasari H.S. Dosen PGSD Universitas PGRI Madiun [email protected]

Abstract An abstract of the literature study become one of learning that is laden with loads of positive character that can be taught to students. As for one of the genre's prose is a legend. The legend is the story of the people that have similar character to mite, which is considered to be true. The legend taught by industry figures that develop with the various characters. Through the character of the students at the elementary school level can be learnt, understand, implemented, and integrated all positive characters taught by legendary figures in their lives everyday. Good character education is useful for them to be able to grow into a man who is more intelligent, cultured, and humanist. Keywords: character education, the legend.

INTRODUCTION range of growing potential, but also the Learning Literature in Elementary strategic teaching and moral ethics, even School internalisastion the main character on the Indonesia is a country with a literacy learners so that they become the main record of concern. It certainly caused private – not only excels in science and rampant quantity which is not coupled technology, but also becomelinuwih or with the quality in all fields, especially in more have good manners and character the world of education. During this time, (Wibowo dan Gunawan, 2015). students in elementary school are In this regard, the study of literature conditioned to go to school and "learn" beco me one of learning that is laden with from 7:00 a.m. until 1 p.m. In fact, since loads of positive characters that can be the rise of the full day school, students are taught to students. Only, this time, learning conditioned to stay at school until 4 p.m. literature taught with hours that include The question is, is it effective as what serving with the Indonesian Language patterns of learning done during these learning. Therefore, if in terms of students are in school? If they are indeed efficiency, it is not uncommon if the central brewing to become the superior learning literature in elementary school human ethical sublime beside smart was in second position after learning of intellectually? Or even precisely because it linguistic or gramar. Not to mention if it is is a lot of bad school management system coupled with a less teacher trend and they compete to search for competencemumpuni (mastery) in teaching students so that justifies all means? at once become role models in the Education is a space for activities of literature. Of course learning humanization process for the student. literature increasingly look "marginal". Meanwhile, education is not only a wide

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In its implementation, the study of been able to touch the personality of the literature in elementary school always students. restrict students only in the realm of Literature which in principle is the reading other people's poems are usually mimesis of the real-life portrait into a part already in the book packages or LKS that is an integral part of life itself. There (Lembar Kerja Siswa/ Worksheet is a lot of codes that become hook between Students), making the poem in this modern the positive values in life with narration in era average students with easy every work of literature especially in the downloading from the internet, or read the genre of prose either children's stories as product literature more in the genre of well as the text of the play. Therefore, it is prose. And even then, if it was assigned by very important for the students to be able the teacher to read a short story or novel to identify the codes in order to be able to children, students prefer an instant way to be a keyword in the love of literature. find sinopsis a lot on the internet, instead Obviously, the tutor must also emphasizes of reading the works as a whole. its role as a facilitator in being role models Whereas, if linked to language appreciated literature. In a work of learning in general, there are some literature in any form is already occupying principles of language learning as follows: the role of "loved" by the readers of good (1) Indonesia language learning should be teachers as well as students to teach it directed to give more servings to a real would be more convenient and language training; (2) the grammar is meaningful. taught only to correct errors of speech students; (3) the real language skills into Content the primary purpose; (4) reading is as a Other Types of Literary Works That tool for learning (reading for learning); (5) are Taught in Primary School writing and speaking as a means of In the science of child literature, folk expression and conveying ideas; (6) class tales are grouped into types of traditional as a place to practice writing, reading and literature (Huck, 1976) or sometimes speaking in English; (7) the emphasis of referred to as a literary archetype (Saxby, learning literature on reading as many 1987). Meek, et.al. (1988) more literary works, and (8) learning vocabulary specifically use the term literary fairy tales should be directed to add a child's refer to fairy tale in Blackboard. Burke, vocabulary. 1990) use the term folk literature refer to In contrast, the average elementary folk tales. school students in Indonesia are not The folk prose story is the story that conditioned to make a habit of reading presented orally in the form of the literary works as a necessity. Awareness language of prose. The story of folk prose for reading, live up to, and appreciate can be classified into three types, namely: works of literature have not been much the mite or myths, legends and fairy tales emphasised in the study of literature in (Danandjaja, 2003). Meanwhile, Hutomo school or as part of the hobby. Therefore, (1991) sort out materials that of story, to do not be surprised if ultimately the be: (1) (2) tales, myths, legends, (3) (4), essence of all genres of literary works are (5) the epical ballads, and (6) memorates. loaded with character education has not 110

In the Java community, generally rice and fertility. Other examples are there are only the term folklore. That is, known in the world: the Trojan war, the the range of stories that develop in the story of Hercules, Zeus, the goddess community. This story has been rooted in Venus, and others. Understanding of the the hearts of the people. The most common story of this myth, in fact became a children's stories read and taught by conviction. The belief that overstated, teachers in school are fairy tales. often influence the mindset toward Therefore, their understanding of any fairy superstition. As a result many societies tales less, which is confined to the story consider sacred against one or two myths. with figures of animals, plants, and other In Indonesia, the myths also popular sacred objects. as mite. Mite usually deals with the Meanwhile, in another opinion occurrence of the universe, the world, delivered that are included in the category man, death, animals, nature, symptoms, of ordinary stories are the stories, spoken topography and so on. Mite also deals with by people. These stories areto be funny the adventures of the gods, love, kinship, stories, stories of solace, fables and fairy war, power, and others. In other words, the tales. This story has function to entertain mite is a form of prose that describes the and educate. Community stories believe origins of things because it's a mite often the presence, for example about animals stimulates the brain to read it. At least the that can converse. People believe that in human brain will follow mite aroused ancient times animals are indeed able to because logically can be accounted converse like humans (Hutomo, 1991). for(Endraswara, 2005). Among the mite The myth of Greece , which is a has spread in the life of Javanese people, story about gods and heroes are as idols. namely:(1) Dewi Sri Sadana, (2) Loro Myths are sacred stories that support a Blonyo, (3) Ki Ageng Sela, (4) Kanjeng belief system or religion (Hutomo, 1991). Ratu Kidul,and others. In the opinion of others, Bascom (in Next is a legend prose genre. The Danandjaja, 1997a), declared the myth is legend is the story of the people that have the story of folk prose which according to characterized the prose similar to the mite, the owner of the story, is considered which is considered to be true, but is not absolutely never happen. The characters in considered to be holy (Danandjaja, 2003). the myth are the gods or demi-gods. Different from the mite that is Holy or Events happening in the world, such as in sacred, explanations, legends are secular paradise or heaven, or else in the world (worldly) and events occurred during that before having the form as we know it yet so tense and is set in a world that we today. Therefore, the myth is considered to know today. There are four classifications have the nature of holiness, while the time of legend, namely religious legends, such of the occurrence was during a very tense. as stories about people a lot:Wali Sanga, The myth tells of gods, demi-gods, Syech Siti Jenar, Ki Pandan Arang, and the origin of the world, the origin of man, others. Local legend, that is a story related and others,as an example, the story to a place, place names, forms the surface aboutDewi Sri. According to the myth of a place, and so on. For example: a story story, Dewi Sriis reincarnated into rice, so about:Gunung Tangkuban Perahu, Telaga Dewi Sri is believed to be the Goddess of Rawa Pening, Legenda Air Terjun 111

Pengantin, and others. Legends of the singing. In this connection,macapatan,i.e. supernatural, such as stories about read the text of a handwritten script, can be supernatural creatures, ghosts, spirits, the classified as a ballad. Similarly the Malay symptoms of a natural invisibility, and so poems read orally or read from written on, as examples are The legend of Nyi material to the audience. It is can be Roro Kidul,The Legend of Nyi Landung classified also into ballads. In Indonesia, in Melati, The Legend of Nyi Blorong, and fact, a great many stories that are spoken others.The legend of the Individual, is orally (without reading the text). For regard to certain figures that are example the stories narrated bytukang considered truly exist, such as the storyof kaba, juru pantun, dalang kentrung, Panji, Jayaprana (a popular figure in Bali), dalang jemblung, tukang templing,and Si Pitung from Betawi,and so on. others. The story was spoken on stage The legend can also a place of accompanied by simple instruments and original story. Typically, this story will be half sung, then many of the people who more easy to remember and often superior call this art asteater bertutur. creatures figure. Legends often Whereas, memory is the story or the idiosyncratic figure, but the figure is not story of someone who contains a considered sacred. Heroic figures are often remarkable experience. This story does not entered into legend. The legend can be the have a specific structure. Interesting in this event as if it was a real connection is to do with the trust of the happening(Endraswara, 2005). Fictional population. For example: someone marry a elements and more dominant in the fairy (Hutomo, 1991). fantastic tale. It is precisely the element In contrast, with the fairy tale, is the that is the cause of many popular fairy story of a people's prose by the owner's tales by different walks of life. Another own story is not considered really difference with myth, a character in the happened, let alone have the nature of legend is the ordinary man, though has sanctity. Other differences are a fairy tale amazing properties. Place of occurrence is is not bounded by time or place in the world that we know today, while the (Danandjaja, 2003). Fairy tale, for experts time of occurrence of not too long ago. is a special story, that is about people and Epic is about the stories of heroism animals which is unlike the legend and (kewiraan) of a person's character. The mite. The fairy tale is not considered really story contains a failure and agility of a happen, although there are many depicting character and sometimes make a sequel, truth or contain a moral. For example: Verboseness. In relation can be mentioned Andhe-Andhe Lumut, Puteri Salju, Putri an example of that is a matter of Abu, Sewidak Loro, and so on; While the characterHang Tuah, AmirHamzah (Wong A special form of animal Fables called Agung Menak Jayengrana), Jaka Tingkir, Fables, i.e. stories that contain a moral, and others. In Europe, many epic written namely teaching about good deeds and bad in verse, such as the famous Iliad dan behaviour, for example stories fairy tale Odyssey (Hutomo, 1991). about the most famous animal wasSang Further, Hutomo (1991), explains the Kancil. A special form of animal Fables story or said there are also referred to it as called Fables, i.e. stories that contain a a ballad,is the story of the delivery with moral, namely teaching about good deeds 112 and bad behaviour, for example children, namely: (1) traditional nature, stories“Seorang Brahma dan Anjing Hutan namely the story appeared in the society yang Tak Tahu Membalas Budi” (Bunanta, since ancient times, can be a fable, legend, 1998). Endraswara (2005) memilahkan tale of heroism, and romantic; (2) the fairy tale into three, namely:(a) fabel, (b) idealist, that the story contains a high idea, joke tale, and (c) nursery tale. (3) popular entertainment, is a fun kid, (4) Fable is a fairy tale about animals. theoretical, it means to educate and An animal is usually as central figures. provide direction or guidance to children. The animal become a representation of In the meantime, Innis (Endraswara, human desire. This is not another fairy 2005), add the characteristics of children's story is symbolic. As for the actual stories include: (1) to entertain children narrator described human behavior, but as laughter and delighted his heart; (2) a symbol. The famous animal Fables in provide information to children about the Java is an adventure Kancil. This fairy tale phenomena, objects, weather, animal is not only favored by children, but also by world, state dinner, lunch, and delusion; adults. Fairy tale variations Kancil into (3) provide guidance about the behavior, several subdongeng, including:(a) Kancil and so on. Nyolong Timun, (b) Kancil dengan Buaya, The people's history is a part of (c) Kancil dengan Siput, (d) Kancil dengan folklore that may affect their owners. The Kera,and others.Uniquely, fable that history of this kind, according to developed in Central Java main character Kartodirdjo (1986) some have been fable is the Kancil, in West Java, the main published in theBabad Tanah Jawa. Great character is tortoise fable told with her book that contains a variety of this folklore story. Meanwhile, a fabled figure in story, as if presenting everything that has Kalimantan commonly told is ape. ever occurred on Earth. Through political Funny fairy tale is the story of stories and search the House of Messianic ridiculous behavior (inviting laughter). against ratu adil, from time to time has Funny fairy tale usually for entertainment, formed its own folklore. Coveted Queen's and there is also contain anecdotes. The fair as the idea of counter-this is not examples of funny tales, are;Clana another ideological passion the people BuntungandWong Cethil. On the other against this type of true leaders. It's also a hand, funny fairy tale story (prose) that folklore has grown widely to the corresponds to the world of children. community of Java had had the traits of Children's stories are often favored by Ratu Adil are speculative. children to entertain and formed the soul. There's more history of the people Children can be real and pure fantasy that is based on historical sources, story, also an important stimulating child combined with the stories of the people, psychiatric(Endraswara, 2005). known as the story of the hero of the Endraswara (2005),add prose genre people. The people's resistance against the children namely: (1) children, (2) history invaders is manifested in folklore, which is (the sacred character and the story of the a form of positive emotional overflow. In people's hero), (3) pepali prose, and (4) the each area there is always the story of a story of humorologi. According to Davis hero (who is in as the hero) for (Endraswara, 2005), the characteristics of exampleSarip Tambakyasa, Pak Sakerah, 113

Sawunggaling, Branjangkawat, Untung by teachers of language and literature of Suropati, and Trunojoyo. In addition, there Indonesia as a matter of learning in are also other people who become heroes, elementary school. for example, the first open forests and Character Education in Learning occupy the village(babad alas), and Literature in Elementary School religious workers(misionaris). National Education serves to develop In addition, the community is known the ability of people form character and the for the presence of the story pepali. civilization dignity in the framework of the According toEndraswara (2005), pepali intellectual life of the nation, aimed at the that is is the traditional prohibitions. The development of potential learners in order advent of prohibition come from an to become a man of faith and piety, experience less pleasant, so they don't precious, healthy, have learned, happen again. Acts belongs to pepali accomplished, creative, independent, and typically contains high degree of risk. That become citizens of a democratic and is, if the ban was particularly likely there accountable. In an attempt to reach the will be a result of the psychological and educational objectives, Indonesia establish even physical consequences. At least by the character education at all levels of the presence of pepali, Java will be more education. The elementary school which is thorough and careful in the Act. Examples a compulsory formal education of twelve of pepali's story, for example:Cerita years Indonesia's main be fundamental part Pepali Ki Ageng Sela, Pepali Bandung to familiarize various positive conditioning Bandawasa, dll. to students. Such conditioning can be The story of the joke is a story that integrated in the subjects taught in the contains humor. As for anecdotes usually classroom, through the school humor which makes use of satire. Both management, as well as extracurricular contain humor, but a different object. activities. Second prose in delivery lisannya often According to Lickona (1991), the ditambah-tambah with a demonstration of character is, "A reliable inner disposition creating humorous image. Both acts are to respond to situations in a morally good also able to stimulate a person's emotional way." Lickona, also add that "character so power to follow the next story conceived has three interrelated parts: (Endraswara, 2005). The story of the jokes moral moral feeling, knowing, and moral and anecdotes are indeed difficult behavior). The opinion further explained separated. In the joke, sometimes contain by Wibowo (2012) that it refers to a series anecdotes,or vice versa. of characters cognitivies, attitudes, Various genres of folklore, many of motivations, behaviors, and skills. which have now been written back and Effective character education starts published as a book, published in a from a strong urge students to perform a magazine or newspaper (see magazineJaya targeted value (Strang, 2007). The trust BayaandPanyebar Semangat) as well as must be conditioned so that students can filmed (For example: Angling Darma, be easily map out the psychology Jaka Tingkir, Nyai Blorong, and Nyi Rara condition in learning all material taught by Kidul). Folk tales from primary sources the teachers, in particular in the study of and secondary sources which can be used literature in elementary school. The pattern 114 of integration into the value of materials is has the figures of the central part in the done through themes that contains overall story. As part of people's prose, in characters as well as the use of story that its development of the legends of many contains characters with certain characters spoken word of mouth so much that that can be studied, understood, and can be sometimes have a different version. As appreciated and imitated by students. already described in the previous section, Literature that has been developed the legends are legends was divided into with all the gerenya provide a broad space secular (worldly) and events occurred for the character education growing during that yet so long ago. Therefore, an through the figures in it. Therefore, the awful lot of cer ... characters with certain characters that can the four classifications of legends, be studied, understood, and can be i.e. religious, local legend legend, legends appreciated and imitated by students could of the supernatural, and the legend is told be are figures or characters that sometimes they have individual personalities that don't make sense. It is called animal become part of the story. The figures are characters in Fables, such as the Slug, certainly not only the protagonist, but also kancil, dogs, crocodiles, turtles and others. the antagonist and tritagonis. It's just that, Or it could be the characters of unknown to facilitate the process of the introduction truth of his existence as Nyi Roro Kidul, of a character education through the Dewi Sri, and others. However, the nature legendary figures in general the central of literary works for children is to give figures of interest to students identified them an understanding of good bad and imitated. through everyday life. If the useful of In religious legends, legends are reading literary works are already many thriving in Indonesia of which the understood by the students were sure the story of: Wali Sanga, Syech Siti Jenar, Ki process of implementation, internalization, Pandan Arang. Wali Sanga is the and the integration of character education designation for the nine guardians who in their daily life will be more meaningful. spread the teachings of the religion in Java. The Trustees of the title of sunan. As for Character Education through The the ninth guardian is Sunan Maulana Introduction of The Character of The Malik Ibrahim, Sunan Ampel, Sunan Giri, Legend Sunan Bonang, Sunan Kalijaga, Sunan Literary works with all its products Gunung Jati, Sunan Drajat, Sunan Kudus, become inseparable part with character Sunan Muria. All of the trustees have education that has been undertaken by the supernatural powers, cleverness, and Government since many years ago. On a sciencekanuragan. small scale, the study of literature – Their ability is the provision for the especially children – prose became a part teaching of Islam. As for the positive of the process of the characters introduced character that can follow from them are in it to students so that they know and obedient to Alloh SWT., loving, patient, understand the nature of life in a way that helpful, not spiteful, and persevering in the is simple and fun. The legend that is one of struggle on the right path. By reading and the many children of prose genre popular understanding the positive character of the though still much less explored. Legend guardians of the students learning from all 115 the positive characters in everyday life. It heavy rains came down to make a great is similarly to the story of Sheikh Siti flood which resulted in the village where Jenar, Ki Pandan Arang, and others. they live were sunk and leaving only a Meanwhile for legends,many stories mound of soil in the middle of the Lake. tell about local legend, the story mostly The mound was named Samosir Island. If revolves around the origin of a region. To the thought of logically it appears that the the local legends, many of which are not story does not make sense, but the nature yet believed to be the truth because many of the local legend is taught the virtues and are told from mouth to mouth. Even often humanization to students. Therefore, the which is a bouquet of the builders of the figure of Toba, his wife (daughter of fish), story in the past to be handed out to the and is considered to represent the character public as part of sheer entertainment. For education Samosir which can inspire and example the legend of Lake Toba which imitated by students. A similar story with a originated from the story of a young man central character who brings the role of named poverty Toba married her catch the good bad can also be found in the fish. The legend tell that her catch the fish legendGunung Tangkuban Perahu, Telaga turns out to be turned into a beautiful Rawa Pening, Legenda Air Terjun Princess waiting for so because love each Pengantin, and others. other they finally married. From the results Legends of the supernatural, such as of their marriage, it was born naughty stories about supernatural creatures, Samosir. Delinquency Samosirlah which ghosts, spirits, the symptoms of a natural in the end makes the Toba angry until invisibility, and so on. In Indonesia, one of breaking his promise not to tell a story the the legends of the supernatural which most origins of a locality. famous is the legend Nyi Roro Kidul.It is To the local legends, many of which told in ancient times there was a king are not yet believed to be the truth because named Prabu Mundangwangi. Despite many are told from mouth to mouth. Even already having empress named Dewi often which is a bouquet of the builders of Rembulan and beautiful children named the story in the past to be handed out to the Dewi Kadita, the King still had many public as part of sheer entertainment. For wives. Many concubines existed the one example the legend of Lake Toba which that became his favorite. Consort was originated from the story of a young man named Dewi Mutiara. Because Dewi named poverty Toba married her catch the Mutiara has the nature of evil when she fish. gave birth to a son, he did not want anyone The legend tell that her catch the fish to rival the position to his son. In addition, turns out to be turned into a beautiful he also intends to become a consort Princess waiting for so because love each succeeding Dewi Rembulan. So, cause to other they finally married. From the results herb of Nenek Jahi, Dewi Mutiara of their marriage was born naughty managed to make a face Dewi Rembulan Samosir. Delinquency Samosirlah which and Putri Kadita It appears pocked, in the end makes the Toba angry until festering and rotten smell. breaking his promise not to tell a story to The legend continues with the epict the fact that he was the son of Samosir of the King to kill the Empress and her fish, ultimately making his wife angry and daughter because the disease strangely, but 116 the guards have to do it precisely so that REFERENCES felt sorry for releasing the aak and mother Bunanta, M. (1998). Problematika to walk down a forest. Because of fatigue, Penulisan Cerita Rakyat untuk Anak eventually empress died, while Putri Indonesia, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. Kadita managed to continue the journey in Burke, E. M. (1990). Literature for the his sadness to find a segara (sea). After Young Child.2nded, Boston: Allyn asking for Justice to the God he dabble and Bacon. into the sea are magically able to restore Danandjaja, J. (1997). Folklor her beauty. 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