Maps and the Early Modern State: Official Cartography Richard L
26 • Maps and the Early Modern State: Official Cartography Richard L. Kagan and Benjamin Schmidt Introduction: Kings ing and enhancing political authority, and it quickly be- and Cartographers comes apparent from later correspondence that Charles wanted from his cosmógrafo mayor not simply knowl- In 1539, the emperor Charles V, waylaid by gout, was edge but also “power” in the form of cartographic prod- obliged to spend much of the winter in the city of Toledo ucts useful to his regime. In 1551, Santa Cruz happily re- in the heart of Castile. To help pass the time, Europe’s ported to the king the completion of a new map of Spain, most powerful monarch asked Alonso de Santa Cruz, a “which is about the size of a large banner (repostero) and royal cosmographer and one of the leading mapmakers of which indicates all of the cities, towns, and villages, sixteenth-century Spain, to teach him something of his mountains and rivers it has, together with the boundaries craft and of those subjects that supported his work. A of the [various Spanish] kingdoms and other details”— number of years later, Santa Cruz would recall how the just the thing for an ambitious ruler like Charles V.2 Fi- emperor “spent most days with me, Alonso de Santa nally, the emperor’s cartographic tutorials point to an- Cruz, royal cosmographer, learning about matters of as- other, equally vital, role of maps in the early modern trology, the earth, and the theory of planets, as well as sea European court, namely their ability to bring “pleasure charts and cosmographical globes, all of which gave him and joy” to their royal patron.
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