Guidelines for Specifying, Designing and Building with Structural Wood

Guidelines)for) Specifying,)Designing,) and)Building)with) Structural)Wood)Beams) and)Mass)Timber)

Archie'Landreman' September'30,'2015' CONSTRUCT'' St.'Louis,'MO' “The'Wood'Products'Council”'is' This'course'is'registered' a'Registered'Provider'with'The' with'AIA'CES'for'conKnuing' American'InsKtute'of'Architects' professional'educaKon.'As' ConKnuing'EducaKon'Systems' such,'it'does'not'include' (AIA/CES),'Provider'#G516.' content'that'may'be' ' deemed'or'construed'to'be' ! an'approval'or' Credit(s)'earned'on'compleKon' endorsement'by'the'AIA'of' of'this'course'will'be'reported'to' any'material'of' AIA'CES'for'AIA'members.' construcKon'or'any'method' CerKﬁcates'of'CompleKon'for' or'manner'of' both'AIA'members'and'nonVAIA' handling,'using,' members'are'available'upon' distribuKng,'or'dealing'in' request.' any'material'or'product.' ' ______' QuesKons'related'to'speciﬁc' materials,'methods,'and'services'will' be'addressed'at'the'conclusion'of'this' presentaKon.' ' ' Course)Descrip?on)

This'presentaKon'will'provide'a'detailed'look'at'structural'wood' beams'and'mass'Kmber'including:'dimensional'lumber'beams,' heavy'Kmber,'glued'laminated'beams'and'columns'(GLULAM),' structural'composite'lumber,'metal'plate'connected'wood'trusses' and'mass'Kmber.''Proper'use'of'structural'wood'beams'and'mass' Kmber'will'be'described'with'examples'of'ﬁeld'applicaKons'and' installaKon.'Discussion'will'be'provided'concerning'proper'and' improper'use'of'structural'wood'beams'and'mass'Kmber.' Learning)Objec?ves)

1. Acquire'a'working'knowledge'of'Structural'Wood' Beams'and'Mass'Timber.' 2. Choose'between'various'Wood'Beams'and'Structural' Wood'Products.' 3. Design'with'Wood'Beams,'and'Mass'Timber.' 4. Highlight'ﬁeld'installaKons'of'Structural'Wood'Beams' and'Mass'Timber'and'how'to'idenKfy'incorrect' installaKon'and'potenKal'problems.' Outline)

• Framing'Layout'ConsideraKons' • Framing'Member'OpKons' • Panel'OpKons' • Mass'Timber' Framing:)Layout,)Spacings,)Spans)

Less'Ideal'Layout' • Unequal'Spans' • Unequal'Spacings' Framing:)Layout,)Spacings,)Spans)

Ideal'Layout' • Equal'Spans' • Equal'Spacings' • Avoid'SKﬀVSob'Areas' • RepeKKon' • Eﬃciency' Load)Path)Con?nuity)

• Structural'loads'(gravity'and'lateral)'must'follow'a'conKnuous'load' path'from'roof'to'foundaKon' • In'mulKVstory'construcKon,'to'work'around'building'features,'may' require'numerous'load'path'“steps”'in'lieu'of'a'single'verKcal'load' path' ' Load)Path)Con?nuity:)Results)&)Impacts)

• In'many'situaKons,'general'building'layout'is'complete'before' structural'design'begins' • Understanding'impacts'of'wall,'column,'opening'layout'on' structural'system'eﬃciency'will'aid'in'providing'more'cost'eﬀecKve' soluKons' '

Wood'Cube'Apartments' Library'Square,'BriKsh'Columbia,'Canada' Photo:'IBA'Hamburg' JM'Architects' Load)Path)Con?nuity:)Wall)Loads)

Uniform'wall'load' Concentrated'post' Uniform'wall'load' ' load' ' '

Rim'joist'transfers' Squash'blocks'in' Blocking' uniform'bearing'wall' combinaKon'with' prevents'joist' loads' rim'joist'transfer' rotaKon'and' ' concentrated'post' transfers' loads' upper'wall' ' loads' ' Gravity)Load)Path)Con?nuity:)Wall)Eleva?on)

Header' ' Header'distributes' uniform'and' concentrated'loads' from'above'as' concentrated'loads' to'wall'below'

Header' '

Upper'wall' Squash'blocks'under' studs'align'with' concentrated'load' ﬂoor'joists' which'align' with'lower'wall' studs' Studs'and'posts' in'lower'wall' transfer'loads'to' foundaKon' Lateral)Load)Path)Con?nuity:)Wall)Eleva?on)

Header'distributes' Header' upper'shear'wall' ' end'post' concentrated'load' Shear'Wall' to'wall'below' ' Header'also' distributes'upper' shear'wall'shear'to' wall'below''

Header' ' Wall'plates'act' as'drag'struts'to' Posts'in'lower' transfer'shear' wall'transfer' Shear'Wall' loads'from'upper' wall'to'lower' upper'wall'end' ' post' wall' concentrated' loads'to' foundaKon'' Spanning)Members:)Localized)Stress)

Moment)cri?cal)zones:'locaKons'of'maximum'localized'bending'stresses' which'should'not'be'aﬀected'with'holes'and'notches' Shear:'locaKons'of'maximum'localized'shear'stresses'which'should'not'be' aﬀected'with'holes'and'notches' Generally'acceptable'locaKons'of'holes/notches'

L/8 L/8 L/8 L/8 ' ' L/2' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

d/4' Moment'CriKcal'Zone' ' d/2' Shear'CriKcal'Zone' Shear'CriKcal'Zone' ' d/4' Moment'CriKcal'Zone' '

L' ' Allowable)Floor)Holes)&)Notches)–)IBC)2308)

Outer'1/3' No'notches'permijed'in' Outer'1/3' of'span' middle'1/3'of'span' of'span'

D/3'='max'length' D/6' D' D/3' max' max' D/4'max'notch' 2”'min'from'top'and' D/6' depth'at'ends' bojom'of'joist'' max'

Per'IBC'2308.8.2' Allowable)Floor)Holes)&)Notches)–)IBC)2308)

Allowable)Notches)&)Holes)in)Solid)Sawn)Floor)Joists)–)IBC)2308.8.2)

Joist'Size' Max'Hole' Max'Notch'Depth' Max'End'Notch'

2x6' 1V3/4”' 7/8”' 1V3/8”'

2x8' 2V3/8”' 1V1/8”' 1V7/8”'

2x10' 3”' 1V1/2”' 2V1/4”'

2x12' 3V3/4”' 1V7/8”' 2V7/8’' Allowable)Wall)Holes)&)Notches)–)IBC)2308)

NonVbearing'wall' Exterior'or'bearing'wall' D'' D''

5/8”'min' 0.60' 5/8”'min' 0.40' each'side' D' each'side' D' max' 0.40'D' max' 0.25'D' max' max'

Per'IBC'2308.9.10'&'2308.9.11' Allowable)Wall)Holes)&)Notches)–)IBC)2308)

Allowable)Notches)&)Holes)in)Solid)Sawn)Wall)Studs)) • Senior)Living)IBC)2308.9.10)&)2308.9.11) • Apartments/Condos) Stud'Size' NonVBearing'Wall' Exterior'&'Bearing'Walls' • Mixed)Use) • Max'Hole'Student)Housing)Max'Notch' Max'Hole' Max'Notch' • Aﬀordable)Housing) 2x4' 2”' 1V3/8”' 1V3/8”' 7/8”' • Hotels) 2x6' 3V1/4”' 2V1/8”' 2V1/8”' 1V3/8”' Where)Wood)is)a)viable)op?on,)it’s)likely) 2x8' the)most)appropriate)choice.)4V1/4”' 2V7/8”' 2V7/8”' 1V7/8”' ' Floor)Framing:)Compression)Edge)Bracing)

• Bending'causes'compression'in'one'edge'of'member' • Compression'can'cause'buckling;'compression'edge'bracing' resists'buckling'' ' Loading'direcKon'

Compression'edge'

Tension'edge' Floor)Framing:)Compression)Edge)Bracing)

• Floor'sheathing'braces'compression'ﬂange'of'ﬂoor'joists' • Specify'sheathing'to'framing'fasteners'sized'to'resist' compression'force' ' Floor)Framing:)Compression)Edge)Bracing)

• Floor'joists'brace'compression'ﬂange'of'ﬂoor'beam' • Floor'joists'installed'Kght'to'beam'resist'beam'compression' force' ' Interior)Wood)Framed)Par??ons)

Untreated'wood'framed'(interior)'parKKon'walls'are'permijed'in' the'following:' • Type'V'ConstrucKon'(IBC'602.5)' • Type'IV'ConstrucKon'as'follows:' • Walls'must'be'solid'wood:'2'layers'of'1”'min.'boards,'4”'thick'laminated' construcKon,'or'1'hour'fire'resistance'rated'(IBC'602.4.6)' • Type'III'ConstrucKon'(IBC'602.3)' ' Fire'Retardant'Treated'wood'framed'nonVbearing'parKKons'are' permijed'in:' • Type'I'and'II'ConstrucKon'where'the'required'fire'resistance' raKng'is'2'hours'or'less'(IBC'603.1)' ' Benefits'of'wood'framed'parKKons:' • Ease'of'trim'&'other'finish'installaKon' • Ease'of'installing'blocking'for'hanging'cabinets,'shelving,'other' misc.'items' Wood)in)Contact)with)Other)Materials))

• IBC'2304.11'requires'preservaKve'treated'or'naturally'durable' wood'when'in'contact'with'foundaKon'walls' ' Wood)in)Contact)with)Other)Materials))

• Detail'to'allow'drying,'venKng,'diﬀerenKal'movement' • Avoid'moisture'traps' ' Outline)

• Framing'Layout'ConsideraKons' • Framing'Member'OpKons' • Panel'OpKons' • Mass'Timber' Member)Orienta?on:)Framing)

• Most'framing'members'have'a'major'and'minor'axis' • Most'framing'members'are'rectangular;'larger'dimension' generally'determines'direcKon'of'major'axis' ' Member)Orienta?on:)Framing) Framing)Op?ons)

Solid'Sawn'Lumber' 'Lumber'(2”V4”'thickness)'and'Timbers'(5”x5”'&' 'larger)' Glulam' I'Joists' Structural'Composite'Lumber' 'LVL,'PSL,'LSL,'OSL'

Image'Source:'APA' Solid)Sawn)Framing)

Design'Routes:' 'IBC'2012'2308'–'ConvenKonal'LightVFrame'ConstrucKon' 'AWC'NDS'2012'–'Engineered'Design' 'AWC'Wood'Frame'ConstrucKon'Manual'2012' ''V'Design'tools'based'upon'NDS' Single'or'MulKVply'members'can'be'used'for'ﬂoor,'roof'joists,' beams,'purlins,'wall'studs,'plates,'blocking,'bracing' Solid)Sawn)Roof)Framing)Spans)

IBC)2012)Table)2308.10.3(2))Ra`er)Spans)for)Common)Lumber) Species)

Assumes'Roof'Live'Load'='20'psf,'Δ'='L/240' Solid)Sawn)Roof)Framing)Spans)

Ra`er)Spacing) Species)and) Size) Maximum) Grade) Ra`er)Span)

2x8' 18’V2”' DouglasVFir' 16”' 2x10' 22’V3”' Larch'#2' 2x12' 25’V9”' 2x8' 14’V10”' SpruceVPineV 24”' 2x10' 18’V2”' Fir'#2' 2x12' 21’V0”'

Assumes'Roof'Live'Load'='20'psf,'Roof'Dead'Load'='10'psf,'Δ'='L/240' Solid)Sawn)Floor)Framing)Spans)

IBC)2012)Table)2308.8(2))Floor)Joist)Spans)for)Common)Lumber) Species)

Assumes'Live'Load'='40'psf,'Δ'='L/360' Solid)Sawn)Floor)Framing)Spans)

Joist)Spacing) Species)and) Size) Maximum) Grade) Joist)Span)

2x8' 12’V7”' DouglasVFir' 16”' 2x10' 15’V5”' Larch'#2' 2x12' 17’V10”' 2x8' 10’V3”' SpruceVPineV 24”' 2x10' 12’V7”' Fir'#2' 2x12' 14’V7”'

Assumes'Live'Load'='40'psf,'Floor'Dead'Load'='10'psf,'Δ'='L/360' Solid)Sawn)Wall)Studs)–)Wind)Design)

AWC’s)2012)Wood)Frame)Construc?on)Manual)(WFCM)) Solid)Sawn)Wall)Studs)–)Wind)Design)

Induced'Wall'Stud'Bending'Stresses'from'Wind'Loads'

3)second)wind)gust) 115)mph) 130)mph)

Stud'Size' 2x4' 2x6' 2x4' 2x6'

10'b'wall'height' 1070'psi' 433'psi' 1367'psi' 554'psi'

12'b'wall'height' 1493'psi' 605'psi' 1908'psi' 773'psi'

Assumes'Studs'@'16”'o.c.' Solid)Sawn)Framed)MidbRise)Building)

University'of'Washington'West'Campus'Student'Housing'–'Phase'I' • LocaKon:'Seajle,'WA' • 5'Stories'light'frame'construcKon'over'2'story'concrete'podium'

Photo'Credit:'Benjamin'Benschneider/Mahlum' Solid)Sawn)Timbers)

Heavy'Kmber'members'used'in'type'IV'construcKon'&'other' exposed'applicaKons.' Can'be'square'(10x10)'or' rectangular'(8x12)'shapes:' • Columns' • Beams' • Custom'trusses'

Burr'&'Burton'Academy'–'Mountain'Campus,'Peru,'VT,'Photo'Credit:'Bensonwood' Solid)Sawn)Heavy)Timber)Framing)

Anderson'Japanese'Gardens'Visitor's'Center,'Rockford,'IL,'Photo'Credit:'Daniel'G.'Saavedra' Winery)Fermenta?on)Barn)

Nickel)&)Nickel)Winery) Design'Team:'Taylor'Lombardo'Architects' • LocaKon:'Oakville,'CA' LLP,'JVA'Incorporated' • UKlizes'tradiKonal'post'and'beam' Photo'Credit:'Adrian'Gregoruv' joinery' Winery)Fermenta?on)Barn) Solid)Sawn)Heavy)Timber)Trusses)

The'Pepper'PlantaKon'Pavilion,'Awendaw,'SC,'Photo'Credit:'SGA'Architecture) Timber)Frame)Systems)

SIMPLE)TRUSS' CLASSIC)KING)POST)TRUSS' KING)POST)TRUSS' '

SCISSOR)TRUSS' QUEEN)POST)SYSTEM' HAMMER)TRUSS' ' 25,000'sq'b' William'N.'Allyn'Conference'Center' Photos'courtesy'New'Energy'Works'Timberframers'' ' 25,000'sq'b' William'N.'Allyn'Conference'Center' Photos'courtesy'New'Energy'Works'Timberframers'' ' Glulam)

Glulam'='a'structural'composite'of'lumber'and'adhesives' Recognized'in'IBC'2303.1.3'using'ANSI/AITC'A'190.1'and'ASTM'D' 3737' Can'be'used'for'ﬂoor,'roof'purlins,'beams,'arches,'columns' Dispersal)of)Strength)Reducing)Characteris?cs)

Single)Lamina?on)

)Glued)Laminated)Timber) First)Glulam)in)the)U.S.A.)

1933'–'Madison,'WI' Glulam)Sizes)&)Op?ons)

Typical)Widths:) 3V1/8”,'3V1/2”,'5V1/8”,'5V1/2”,'6V3/4”,'8V3/4”,'10V3/4”,'12V1/4”' ) Typical)Depths:) Increments'of'1½“'from'6”'to'60”+'' Note:'Some'glulam'laminaKons'are'1V3/8”' ' Typical)Species) DouglasVFir,'Southern'Pine,'Spruce' depth' ' Can'be'PT,'FRT,'varies'by'manufacturer'&' 'treater' ' Can'be'cambered' width' ' Image:'APA'Glulam'Product'Guide' Diﬀerent'Appearance'Grades'available' ' ' ' Glulam)Layup)–)Balanced)&)Unbalanced)

High'Strength'Outer' Compression'Lams' Medium'Grade'Inner' Compression'Lam' Lower'Grade' Inner'Lams' Medium'Grade'Inner' Compression'Lam' High'Strength'Outer' Image:'AITC' Tension'Lams' ' ' Glulam)Appearance)Grades)–)APA)EWS)Y110))

Framing'Grade' Industrial'Grade' ' ' ' '

Architectural'Grade' Images:'American'Laminators' Premium'Grade' ' ' ' ' ' ' Glulam)Beam)Capaci?es)

AITC'Beam'Capacity'Tables'hjp://www.aitcVglulam.org/capacity.aspLemay'Museum,'Tacoma,'WA'' S'='controlled'by'shear,'D'='controlled'by'deﬂecKon,'B'='controlled'by'bending'Photo:'Western'Wood'Structures' ' ' Glulam)Column)Capaci?es)

Lemay'Museum,'Tacoma,'WA' AITC'Column'Capacity'Tables'hjp://www.aitcVglulam.org/column.aspPhoto:'Western'Wood'Structures'' ' Specifying)Glulam)Camber)

• Glulam'can'be'manufactured'with'camber' 'to'offset'the'anKcipated'dead'load'deflecKon' • Very'important'for'long'span'members' • Glulam'industry'recommends'camber'='1.5'Kmes' calculated'dead'load'deflecKon'

Lemay'Museum,'Tacoma,'WA' Photo:'Western'Wood'Structures' Image:'APA'Glulam'Product'Guide' ' Glulam)Arches)

Lemay'America'Auto'Museum' 104’'Span'Glulam'Arches'

Photos'courtesy'Western'Wood'Structures' Glulam'purlins'@'4’'Lemay'Museum,'Tacoma,'WA' o.c' Photo:'Western'Wood'Structures' Hybrid)Glulam)Trusses)

Jackson)Hole)Airport) • LocaKon:'Jackson'Hole,'WY' • LEED'Silver' • Completed'2010' Design'Team:'Gensler,'MarKn,'MarKn' Photo'Credit:'Majhew'Millman,'Tim'Griﬃth' ' Hybrid)Glulam)Trusses) Wood)and)the)Environment:)Credit)Valley) Thunder)Bay)Regional)Health)Sciences)Centre)Building)Occupant)Environment) Flexibility)of)Shapes)and)Spans)

YMCA'Camp'Thunderbird'Duke'Energy'Pavilion,'Lake'Wylie,'South'Carolina' Photo:')Stanley'Capps' Flexibility)of)Shapes)and)Spans)

Richmond'Olympic'Oval,'Richmond,'BC''Photo:'naturallywood.com' Flexibility)of)Shapes)and)Spans)

The'Cathedral'of'Christ'The'Light,'Oakland,'CA' Photo:'Timothy'Hursley,'Cesar'Rubio,'and'John'Blaustein,'' Flexibility)of)Shapes)and)Spans)

Lemay'Museum,'Tacoma,'WA' Photo:'Western'Wood'Structures' Jared’s)Galleria) Jared’s)Galleria)

Jared’s)Galleria) Jared’s)Galleria) Jared’s)Galleria) Havens'Elementary'School,'Piedmont'CA' Design':'ATI'Architects'and'Engineers' 46,000'sf'school'replacement' General'Contractor:''Webcor' Completed'2010'' Photos'courtesy'RedBuilt' Havens'Elementary'School,'Piedmont'CA' Design':'ATI'Architects'and'Engineers' 46,000'sf'school'replacement' General'Contractor:''Webcor' Completed'2010'' Photos'courtesy'RedBuilt' Havens'Elementary'School,'Piedmont'CA' Design':'ATI'Architects'and'Engineers' 46,000'sf'school'replacement' General'Contractor:''Webcor' Completed'2010'' Photos'courtesy'RedBuilt' Structural)Composite)Lumber)

Recognized'in'IBC'2303.1.9'using'ASTM'D'5456' Proprietary'Products'with'EvaluaKon'Reports' Can'be'used'for'ﬂoor,'roof'beams'&'columns,'tall'wall'studs'

Parallel' Strand'' Oriented' Lumber' Strand'' ) Lumber' ) Laminated' Strand'' Laminated'Veneer'Lumber' Lumber' ) ) University'of'Idaho'RecreaKonal'Center' 85,000'sq'b' Architects:'Ohlson'Lavoie'Company' Completed'2002'' Structural'Engineer:'Coffman'Engineers' PSL'Truss'Roof' University'of'Idaho'RecreaKonal'Center' 85,000'sq'b' Architects:'Ohlson'Lavoie'Company' Completed'2002'' Structural'Engineer:'Coffman'Engineers' PSL'Truss'Roof' )Metal)Plated)Wood)Truss) Floor)Truss)Configura?ons) Jared’s)Galleria) Roof)Truss)Configura?ons)

Scissors Studio)Vault

Vaulted)Parallel)Chord) Tray)or)Coﬀer

Flat)Vault Barrel)Vault Roof)Truss)Conﬁgura?ons)

TribBearing) Bowstring)

Double)Can?lever Gambrel)

RoombInbAhc) Polynesian) Roof)Truss)Conﬁgura?ons)

Half)Hip) Mono

Sloping)Flat) Can?levered)Mansard)) W/)Parapets)

Hip) Half)Scissors)

Dual)Pitch)79' Clerestory) Roof)Truss)Conﬁgura?ons)

Mul?bPiece)

Double)Inverted) Wood)in)Retail)Design)

• NaKonal'Fast' Food'Chain' • 2008' • Smyrna,'TN' Fast)Food)Chain)Restaurant)

• 2x6'wall'studs' • 10’'tall'walls'+'16”'stem' wall' • Brick'and'Stone'Exterior' • 2,700sf' Fast)Food)Chain)Restaurant)

34’'Wood'Truss'Spans'@'32”'o.c.'' 36”'deep'ﬂat'roof'trusses.' Wood)in)Retail)Design)

• NaKonal'Jewelry'Store'Chain' • 2008' Jewelry)Store)

• 2x8'wall'studs'>'20’'tall' • Panelized'walls' • Exterior'Finishes'Applied' Jewelry)Store)

25’'Wood'Truss'Spans' Steel'beam'uKlized'along'center'of'building.' Jared’s)Galleria) Jared’s)Galleria) Parallel)Chord)Scissors)Truss) 82’)Clear)Span)Trusses) Outline)

• Framing'Layout'ConsideraKons' • Framing'Member'OpKons' • Panel'OpKons' • Mass'Timber' Member)Orienta?on:)Panels)

• Due'to'mulKVlayer'composiKon,'most'panel'products'have'a' major'and'minor'axis'

Strength axis Τ to • DirecKon'of'grain'in'face'plies/veneers'generally'determine' supports direcKon'of'major'axis' 24” min '

2 spans minimum

Face

Inner

Center Inner

Back Minor Axis Major'Axis'

Wood'EducaKon'InsKtute' Panel)Op?ons)

Wood'Structural'Panels' 'Oriented'Strand'Board'(OSB)'and'Plywood' Solid'Sawn'Decking' '2x,'3x'and'4x'dimensional'lumber' 'Mechanically'Laminated'or'Tongue'&'Groove' Panel'Products:' 'Mass'Kmber'panels'(CLT,'NLT,'GLT,'LVL)' 'Structural'Insulated'Panels'(SIPS)' Wood)Structural)Panels)

• Plywood'V'the'original'engineered'wood'panel''(>100'years)' • Oriented'Strand'Board'(OSB)'V'a'second'generaKon' engineered'wood'panel'' • Depending'on'thickness,'loads,'generally'span'16”'–'24”' Wood)Structural)Panels)

IBC)2012)2303.1.4)Wood)structural)panels.) ' Wood'structural'panels,'when'used'structurally'(including' those'used'for'siding,'roof'and'wall'sheathing,'subflooring,' diaphragms'and'builtVup'members),'shall'conform'to'the' requirements'for'their'type'in'DOC)PS)1,)DOC)PS)2)or)ANSI/ APA)PRP)210.)Each'panel'or'member'shall'be'idenKfied'for' grade,'bond'classificaKon,'and'Performance'Category'by'the' trademarks'of'an'approved'tesKng'and'grading'agency.'The' Performance)Category)value)shall)be)used)as)the)“nominal) panel)thickness”)or)“panel)thickness”)whenever) referenced)in)this)code.'' Wood)Structural)Panels) APA)Engineered)Wood)Construc?on)Guide) APA)Engineered)Wood)Construc?on)Guide) Lumber)Decking) Lumber)Decking)

• Code'Acceptance'for'2,'3'and'4'inch'thick'Tongue'&'Groove' Lumber'Decking'per'IBC'2012'2304.8' • Widths'can'be'same'as'dimensional'lumber' • NDS'Supplement'Table'4E'gives'Reference'Design'Values' • Single'or'double'layer' '

2x6'T&G'Doug'Fir' Photo'Bear'Creek'Lumber' 3x6'Double'T&G'Pine' Photo'Southern'Wood'SpecialKes' Lumber)Decking)Layup)Op?ons)

Details'in'IBC'with'further'informaKon'in'AWC'WCD'2'

American)Wood)Council) Wood)Construc?on)Data)2) Tongue!and!Groove!Roof! Decking! Lumber)Roof)Decking)Spans)

• AWC'WCD'2'T&G'Decking'Design'Tools.' • Used'with'Lumber'Design'Values'from'NaKonal' Design'SpeciﬁcaKon'for'Wood'ConstrucKon'and' Supplement.' Lumber)Roof)Decking)Spans)

• 2'inch'can'span'up'to'8'feet'or'more' • 3'inch'can'span'up'to'12'feet'or'more' • 4'inch'can'span'up'to'16'feet'or'more' • Spans'depend'on'Loads,'Species'and'Grade'of'Lumber,'Deck'Layup' Pajern,'Acceptable'DeﬂecKon,'etc.' Lumber)Decking)with)WSP)Diaphragm)

Radiator'Building,'Portland,'OR,'Photo'Credit:'Josh'Partee' Outline)

• Framing'Layout'ConsideraKons' • Framing'Member'OpKons' • Panel'OpKons' • Mass'Timber' Mass)Timber)Panels)

Nail'Laminated'Timber'(NLT)' Glue'Laminated'Timber'(GLT)' ' '

Laminated'Veneer'Lumber'(LVL)' Cross'Laminated'Timber'(CLT)' ' '

Images'Source:'Structurecrab' ' ))))Nail)Laminated)Timber)Deck)

IBC)Sec?on)2304.8.3:)Mechanically)Laminated)Decking) SquareVedged'dimension'lumber'laminaKons'set'on'edge'and' nailed'to'adjacent'pieces'&'supports' • NDS'SecKon'15.1.1'provides'distribuKon'factors'for' concentrated'loads'on'4”'&'6”'nail'laminated'decking' Beam'SupporKng' ' Floor'Load' >)6x10)nominal)

Columns)and)beams)can)) be)sawn)or)Glublaminated)

Column'SupporKng' Floor'Load' >)8x8)nominal)

Image'Source:'Structurecrab' ' ))))Nail)Laminated)Timber)Deck)

Beam'SupporKng' Floor'Load' >)6x10)nominal)

Columns)and)beams)can)) be)sawn)or)Glublaminated)

Column'SupporKng' Floor'Load' >)8x8)nominal)

The'Bullij'Center,'Seajle,'WA''''''Photo'Credit:'John'Stamets' What)is)Cross)Laminated)Timber)(CLT)?))

• 3'layers'min.'of'solid' sawn'lams' 4'1/8”'to'19'1/2”' • 90'deg.'crossVlams' • Similar'to'pw.'sht’g.' 10’X40’' Minor Axis 8’X64’'

Photos'provided'by'FPInnovaKons' CLT)Composi?on) Is)CLT)recognized)by)the)building)Code?)

2015'IBC?'YES!' SecKon'602.4VHeavy'Timber'' and'secKon'2303.1.4.' Addi?onal)detailed)informa?on)is)available)at)www.woodworks.org)) Fire)Performance)

• ASTM E119 Fire Endurance Test • 2015 NDS Chapter 16 • 5-Ply CLT (6-7/8” thick) includes char rates for • 5/8” Type X GWB each side CLT to achieve up to 2 • 2 hour target hour fire rating • Actual 3 hours 6 minutes Product)Standardiza?on) CLT)Product)Standard)

ANSI/APA'PRG'320' • CLT'Stress'classes' • Quality'Assurance'tesKng' • IdenKﬁcaKon'marking' ' Structural)Composi?on)of)CLT)

Lamina?ons:''(Per'PRG'320V2012)' '5/8”'to'2”'thick.'' 'Machine'Stress'Rated'or'Visually'Graded'Dimensional'Lumber'or'SCL' 'Dried'to'12%'Moisture'Content'before'layup.' 'A'common'NA'thickness'is'1'3/8”''(planed'2x'stock)' 'PRG'320'provides'thickness'to'width'requirements'of'laminaKons' Structural)Composi?on)of)CLT)

Layers:''(Per'PRG'320V2012)' 'Oriented'in'orthogonal'arrangement' 'Odd'number'of'symmetric'layers'most'common' 'Double'parallel'exterior'layers'permijed' 'Unbalanced'layup'permijed' 'Reference'gluVlam'adhesive'standard''(AITC'405)' '' Structural)Composi?on)of)CLT)

Minor Axis

Panels,)also)known)as)Billets.) ' '20'inch'max'thickness'in'PRG'320' 'Up'to'8'b'or'more'wide'per'manufacturer'and'shipping' 'Up'to'40'b'or'more'long'per'manufacturer'and'shipping' 'Major'axis:''stronger,'sKﬀer,'usually'long'direcKon' 'Minor'axis:''less'strong'and'sKﬀ,'usually'short'direcKon' '' '' CLT)Stress)Grades)

Stress)Grade) Major)Strength) Minor)Strength)Direc?on) Direc?on) E1 1950f-1.7E MSR SPF #3 Spruce Pine Fir E2 1650f-1.5E MSR DFL #3 Doug Fir Larch E3 1200f-1.2E MSR Misc #3 Misc E4 1950f-1.7E MSR SP #3 Southern Pine V1 #2 Doug Fir Larch #3 Doug Fir Larch V2 #1/#2 Spruce Pine Fir #3 Spruce Pine Fir V3 #2 Southern Pine #3 Southern Pine

Non-mandatory in PRG 320. Other stress grades including SCL permitted Examples)of)CLT)Conﬁgura?ons)

3Vply'3Vlayer' 5Vply'3Vlayer' ' ' ' ' 5Vply'5Vlayer' 7Vply'5Vlayer' ' ' ' ' 6Vply'5Vlayer' 8Vply'5Vlayer' ' ' ' ' ' ' 9Vply'9Vlayer' 9Vply'7Vlayer' CLT)Panel)Capaci?es)

ANSI/APA'PRG'320' ' CLT)Panel)Capaci?es)

Source:'Structurelam,'Stress'Grade'V2' '

Source:'Nordic'XVLam,'Stress'Grade'E1' ' Massb”Timber”bForte’,)Melbourne,)Australia) ) • Tallest'modern'Kmber' building' '''''''V'10'stories'total' • 9'stories'of'CLT'over'1' story'concrete'podium' • Prefabricated'CLT'panels' • All'CLT'loadVbearing' walls,'ﬂoor'slabs,'and' elevator'and'stair'shabs''

Architect:'Lendlease' Photo'credit:'Lendlease' ' Massb”Timber”bTreet,)Bergen,)Norway) ) • Currently'under' construcKon' • Once'complete'will' be'tallest'modern' Kmber'building' '''''''V'14'stories'total,' '173'feet'tall' • Scheduled' compleKon'Autumn' 2015' • Unique'glulam'and' CLT'module' construcKon' Architect:'Arco' Engineer:'Sweco' ' ' Solid)Timber)Sha`)Walls)

• Eliminates'using'concrete'or'masonry'' • Short'construcKon'Kme' • Saves'money' Case)StudybCLT)Milestone)in)Montana)

The)Long)Hall) • First'CLT'project'in'the'US,' using'a'US'CLT'supplier.'' • Type'VB–CLT'walls'and'floor,' glueVlam'roof'beams'and' decking' • 2'stories,'mixed'use' • 5'days'to'erect,'3'months'from' foundaKon'to'occupancy' • Cost'effecKvenessV'short' construcKon'Kme'and'keeping' CLT'panels'as'interior'finish'

Designer:'Datum'Design'Drabing' Engineer:'CLT'SoluKons' Photo:'gravityshots.com' LocaKon:'Whiteﬁsh,'MT' US)CLT)Handbook)

1. IntroducKon' 10. Enclosure' 2. Manufacturing' 11. Environmental' 3. Structural' 12. Libing' 4. Lateral' 5. ConnecKons' 6. DOL'and'Creep' 7. VibraKon' 8. Fire' 9. Sound''

www.massKmber.com' CLT)Assembly)Details) www.mass7mber.com! How$to$use$CLT$,$Assembly$ Case)Study:)CLT)Framed)School)

Franklin)Elementary)School) • LocaKon:'Franklin,'WV' • 2'storiesV'45,200'sf.''' • Structure'erected'in'less'than' 3'months' • 1st'CLT'School'in'US' • Completed'2015' Architect:'MSES'Architects' Ques?ons?)

This'concludes'The' American'InsKtute'of' Architects'ConKnuing' EducaKon'Systems' Course' Archie)Landreman) (262)'672V4746' [email protected]'

Visit)www.woodworks.org)for)more)educa?onal)materials,) case)studies,)design)examples,)a)project)gallery,)and)more' Copyright)Materials)

This'presentaKon'is'protected'by'US'' and'InternaKonal'Copyright'laws.'' ReproducKon,'distribuKon,'display'and'use'of'' the'presentaKon'without'wrijen'permission'' of'the'speaker'is'prohibited.' ' ©'The'Wood'Products'Council'2015'