Please add relevant logo here

Mass Timber Construction: Products, Performance and Design This course is registered with AIA “The Wood Products Council” is a CES for continuing professional Registered Provider with The education. As such, it does not American Institute of Architects include content that may be Continuing Education Systems deemed or construed to be an (AIA/CES), Provider #G516. approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or Credit(s) earned on completion of manner of this course will be reported to AIA handling, using, distributing, or CES for AIA members. Certificates dealing in any material or of Completion for both AIA product. members and non-AIA members ______are available upon request. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Course Description

Due to their high strength, dimensional stability and positive environmental performance, mass timber building products are quickly becoming materials of choice for sustainably-minded designers. This presentation will provide a detailed look at the variety of mass timber products available, including glue-laminated timber (glulam), cross laminated timber (CLT), nail laminated timber (NLT), heavy timber decking, and other engineered and composite systems. Applications for the use of these products under modern building codes will be discussed, and examples of their use in U.S. projects reviewed. Mass timber’s ability to act as both structure and exposed finish will also be highlighted, as will its performance as part of an assembly, considering design objectives related to structural performance, fire resistance, acoustics, and energy efficiency. Other topics will include detailing and construction best practices, lessons learned from completed projects and trends for the increased use of mass timber products in the future. Learning Objectives

1. Identify mass timber products available in North America and consider how they can be used under current building codes and standards. 2. Review completed mass timber projects that demonstrate a range of applications and system configurations. 3. Discuss benefits of using mass timber products, including structural versatility, prefabrication, lighter carbon footprint, and reduced labor costs. 4. Highlight possibilities for the expanded use and application of mass timber in larger and taller buildings. mass timber Today’s agenda Mass timber construction Mass timber • Why use it – appeal • What is it – products • How does it work – design topics • Where is it used – case studies • What’s next? Mass timber appeal Mass timber appeal What is the ultimate appeal and driver for any building and material type? Mass timber appeal

Primary drivers Construction speed & efficiency Construction site constraints – urban infill Innovation/aesthetic

Secondary drivers Carbon reductions Structural performance – light weight Mass timber appeal Reduced construction time Murray Grove, London UK 8 stories of CLT over 1 story concrete podium Less time on site = 8 stories built in 27 days (~1/2 the time of precast concrete) less $$

Franklin Elementary School, Franklin, WV

45,200 ft2 2 story elementary school

8 weeks to construct Mass timber appeal Alternate to concrete & masonry

Photo Credit: charles judd Mass timber appeal Material mass

75% lighter weight than concrete Mass timber appeal Material mass

75% lighter weight than concrete Mass timber appeal Material mass Completed in 2012 10 stories ~ 105 ft. tall, > 18.6 K sqft. 3 million in R&D Poor soils required a much lighter building

Forte’, Victoria Harbor, Melbourne, Australia Architect: Lend Lease Mass timber appeal Reduced embodied carbon Stadhaus, London, UK Volume of wood used 950 m3 Carbon sequestered and

stored (CO2e) 760 metric tons Avoided greenhouse

gases (CO2e) 320 metric tons Total potential carbon

benefit (CO2e) 1,080 metric tons

Carbon savings from the choice of wood in this one building are equivalent to: 1,615 passenger vehicles off the road for a year Enough energy to operate a Architect: Waugh Thistleton Architects home for 803 years Photo credit: Waugh Thistleton Architects Mass timber appeal Minimal waste Mass timber elements fabricated to Mass timber appeal tight tolerances (1/16” is common) Prefabricated and precise

Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC)

connections Photo credit: naturally wood Mass timber appeal Energy efficient

CLT has an R-value of approximately 1.25 per inch of thickness. Source: US CLT Handbook Mass timber appeal Disaster resilient Mass timber appeal Structural flexibility

Photo Credit: APA Mass timber is a Mass timber category of framing What is it? styles often using small wood members formed into large panelized solid wood construction including CLT, NLT or glulam panels for floor, roof and wall framing Building frame systems Mass timber systems horizontal framing Vertical framing • Glulam beams • Glulam columns • nlt panels • Clt walls • Clt panels • Glt panels • T&g Decking • Composite timber/concrete • scl panels Mass timber products Vertical framing

Glulam Beams & Columns Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) walls Mass timber products horizontal framing Nail Laminated Timber (NLT) Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Glue Laminated Timber (GLT)

Tongue & groove Timber concrete composite decking (T&G) Structural composite Lumber

Image source: structurecraft Mass timber products glulam

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber products glulam Glulam = a structural composite of lumber and adhesives • Recognized in IBC 2303.1.3 using ANSI/AITC A 190.1 and ASTM D 3737 • Can be used for floor, roof purlins, beams, arches, columns Mass timber products glulam

Single Lamination

Glued Laminated Timber Mass timber products glulam specs: glulam Typical Widths: 3-1/8”, 3-1/2”, 5-1/8”, 5-1/2”, 6-3/4”, 8-3/4”, 10-3/4”, 12-1/4”

Typical Depths: Increments per # of lams from 6” to 60”+ western species lams are typically 1-1/2” thick depth Southern pine lams are typically 1-3/8” thick

Typical Species: Douglas-Fir, Southern Pine, Spruce width Also available in cedar & others Image: APA Glulam Product Guide Mass timber products Glulam design values glulam

Source: nds supplement table 5a Mass timber products Glulam beam capacities glulam

Source: apa

AITC Beam Capacity Tables http://www.aitc-glulam.org/capacity.asp S = controlled by shear, D = controlled by deflection, B = controlled by bending Mass timber products Glulam column capacities glulam

AITC Column Capacity Tables http://www.aitc-glulam.org/column.asp Mass timber products glulam Glulam specs: Pt readily available FRT may be available, varies by manufacturer & treater

Can be cambered, curved & tapered

Different Appearance

Photo credit: anthony forest products Grades available Photo: Ema Peter Photography Mass timber products glulam

Glulam Framing Grade appearance Industrial Grade grades

Architectural Grade Premium Grade Images: American Laminators Mass timber products glulam Specifying glulam: Several methods 24f-1.8e

Allowable bending stress = 2400 psi moe = 1.8x106 psi Df 24f-v4

Douglas-fir Allowable bending stress = 2400 psi visually graded lumber layup combination 4 Mass timber products glulam Glulam layup: Vary strength of laminations High Strength Outer • Higher strength lams at top and bottom - Compression Lams tension and compression stresses are high Medium Grade Inner • Lower strength lams in center plies Compression Lam Lower Grade Inner Lams Medium Grade Inner Compression Lam High Strength Outer Tension Lams

Image: Apa Mass timber products glulam Unbalanced layup: simple span Balanced layup: multi-span, cantilever, multi-directional loads

Typical unbalanced layup: combination 4 Typical balanced layup: combination 8

Image: AITC Mass timber products glulam Layup combinations

Source: aitc 117 Mass timber products glulam Glulam camber • Glulam can be manufactured with camber to offset dead load deflection • Very important for long span members • Glulam industry recommends camber = 1.5 times calculated dead load deflection

Image: APA Glulam Product Guide Flexibility of spans and shapes

Richmond Olympic Oval, Richmond, BC, Canada Design Team: Cannon Design Architecture, Fast + Epp, Glotman Simpson Photo Credit: Stephanie Tracey, Craig Carmichael, Jon Pesochin, KK Law Creative, Ziggy Welsch 104’ Span Glulam Arches Glulam purlins @ 4’ o.c

Lemay america auto musuem Photo Credit: western wood structures The Cathedral of Christ The Light, Oakland, CA Photo: Timothy Hursley, Cesar Rubio, and John Blaustein Long span glulams

Photo: American wood council Mass timber products glulam

Built up sections: available from some manufacturers for wide beams, large columns. Widths of 24”+ available

Photo: unalam Radiator building Portland, or

Photo Credit: Josh Partee Radiator building Portland, or

Building info: Office building 5 stories 36,000 sf

Completed 2015 Photo Credit: Josh Partee Gravity Framing: Glulam Frame (Columns & Beams) Radiator building Lateral Framing: Sheathed Portland, or Shear Walls

Photo Credit: Josh Partee Radiator building Portland, or

Photo Credit: woodworks Exposed steel connections Glulam girder & purlin frame Photo Credit: Josh Partee One north Portland, or

Structural Floor/Roof & Diaphragm: Exposed T&G Decking, Wood Structural Panels

Photo Credit: Josh Partee One north Portland, or Long term sustainability

Why a Timber Framed Office Building? “Wood consumes and sequesters carbon. There’s a lot of momentum for this. Timber framing is so much more sustainable.” Ben Kaiser of PATH Architecture, Project Architect, Developer, and General Contractor

Photo Credit: Josh Partee Mass timber products Nail laminated timber (NLT) panels

Photo credit: structurecraft

Photo credit: jonathan christian Mass timber products Nail laminated timber (NLT) panels Nail laminated timber (nlt) = a structural panel of square-edged dimensional lumber laminations (usually 2x) set on edge and nailed wide face together • Recognized in IBC 2304.8.3 (mechanically laminated decking) • Nds 15.1.1 provides distribution factors for concentrated loads • Can be used for floor, roof decking. Occasionally used for shaft walls Mass timber products Nail laminated timber (NLT) panels

often exposed on underside Structure is finish

Photo credit: woodworks Mass timber products Nlt design guide Nail laminated timber (NLT) panels

Floor panel thickness typically governed by vibration http://www.structurecraft.com/projects/nlt Mass timber products Nail laminated timber (NLT) panels

Nlt diaphragm design: Lack of tested, published diaphragm values for bare nlt lead many engineers to covering with Photo credit: structurecraft wood structural panels. Design as a blocked, sheathed diaphragm. Use sdpws table 4.2a/4.2B Mass timber products Nail laminated timber (NLT) panels

Nlt shrinkage/expansion design: Consider leaving one ply out per 8’-10’ wide panel Mass timber products Nail laminated timber (NLT) panels

Fluted panel options Vary lamination depths

Photo credit: structurecraft Mass timber products Nail laminated timber (NLT) panels

Nlt panels can be built on-site/in-place or pre-fabricated offsite

Photo Credit: john stamets Photo Credit: structurecraft Mass timber products Nail laminated timber (NLT) panels

pre-fabricated panels often pre-sheathed Once installed, add stitching strips, tape joint if applicable Photo Credit: structurecraft Bullitt center Seattle, wa

Photo Credit: bullitt center Bullitt center Seattle, wa

Building info: Office building 4 stories mass timber over 2 stories concrete 52,000 sf Net zero Living building challenge certified Type IV construction 250 yr design life

Completed 2013 Photo Credit: miller hull partnership Bullitt center Structural Frame: Seattle, wa Douglas-Fir Glulam Beams and Columns 5-1/8”x15” to 12-1/4”x21”

Photo Credit: John Stamets 2x6 nlt floor deck Bullitt center 2x4 nlt roof deck Seattle, wa Floor assembly top to bottom: 3” concrete topping, acoustical mat, wsp, 2x6 nlt

Photo Credit: John Stamets Bullitt center Seattle, wa

Nail Laminated Timber Decks Provide: Maximized Spans, Reduced Number of Columns, More Open Space Flexibility, Minimized Structure Depth Photo Credit: John Stamets On April 1, 2015, Bullitt Center became 1st Office Bullitt center Building to Earn Living Building Certification Seattle, wa

Image Credit: Miller Hull Partnership Bullitt center Seattle, wa

The Bullitt Center is considered a market-rate, class A commercial office building

Enhanced occupant experience Photo Credit: John Stamets Mass timber products Glue laminated timber (gLT) panels

Photo credit: unalam Mass timber products Glue laminated timber (gLT) panels

Image source: manasc isaac architects/fast + epp Glulam decking: • Similar to deep glulam beams laid on their side • Same code references and manufacturing standards as glulam beams and columns • Be careful of design stresses and layups used – spec Image source: structurecraft uniform layup (all lams same species & grade) Mass timber products Glue laminated timber (gLT) panels = Image source: structurecraft

Nds supplement lists different design values for bending. Layup combinations typically optimized for beam applications. Layup combinations aren’t effective in glt decking applications Mass timber products Glue laminated timber (gLT) Same shrinkage and diaphragm considerations as nlt: • Gap panels to allow movement • Cover with wood structural panel for diaphragm • Available in variety of lamination options Mass timber products Tongue and groove decking

Tongue and groove decking: Multi-ply laminated t&g 2x, 3x or 4x solid or laminated wood decking laid flat with interlocking tongue and groove on narrow (side) face • Recognized in IBC 2304.8 (lumber decking) • 2x usually has a single t&G; 3x and 4x usually have a double t&g • 6” and 8” are common widths

• Can be used for floor, roof decking Photo credit: josh partee Mass timber products Tongue and groove decking

T&g diaphragm design

Can be used by itself as a diaphragm: sdpws table 4.2d Or add layer of wsp on top, treat as blocked diaphragm Mass timber products T&g decking design Tongue and groove decking

Nds supplement contains allowable design values Awc’s wcd-2 contains span tables framework Portland, or

Photo: joshua jay elliot framework Portland, or

4 stories of wood (office) over 1 story of concrete (retail & parking) 6,800 sf Photo: joshua jay elliot Completed 2015 framework Portland, or

Floor to Ceiling Glass Cladding

Exposed Glulam Beam and Column Frame, Diagonally Oriented T&G Decking as diaphragm

Photos: joshua jay elliot framework Portland, or

Photo credit: woodworks Duke lower & middle school library

Photo Credit: dtwarchitects & planners Durham, nc Mass timber products cross laminated timber (cLT) What is clt? Mass timber products Solid wood panel cross laminated timber (cLT) 3 layers min. of solid sawn lams 90 deg. cross-lams Similar to plywood sheathing

4 1/8” to 19 1/2”

10’X40’ 8’X64’ Mass timber products cross laminated timber (cLT) Mass timber products cross laminated timber (cLT)

Photo Credit: DR Johnson Mass timber products cross laminated timber (cLT)

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Lumber in clt is finger jointed Mass timber products cross laminated timber (cLT)

Clt prefabrication • Finished panels are planed, sanded, cut to size. Then openings are cut with precise CNC routers. Photo Credit: Sissi Slotover-Smutny • Third party inspection at factory • Custom engineered for material efficiency • Custom designed for project • Each panel numbered, delivered & installed in predetermined sequence Mass timber products Common clt layups cross laminated timber (cLT)

3-ply 3-layer 7-ply 5-layer

5-ply 5-layer 9-ply 7-layer 7-ply 7-layer

9-ply 9-layer Mass timber products Adhesives in clt cross laminated timber (cLT)

Adhesives used in CLT must meet the same standard as adhesives used in glulam: AITC 405-2008 CLT adhesives are also required to be evaluated for heat performance in accordance with DOC PS1.

Several types of structural adhesives have been successfully used in CLT production: • Phenolic types such as phenol-resorcinol formaldehyde • Emulsion polymer isocyanate • One-component polyurethane Candlewood suites Redstone arsenal, al

Image Credit: Lend Lease Candlewood suites Redstone arsenal, al

• 62,600 sf, 4 story hotel, 92 private rooms • CLT utilized for walls, roof panels, and floor panels • 1,557 CLT Panels; Typical floor panel is 8’x50’ & weighs 8,000 lbs

• Completed Late 2015 Image Credit: Lend Lease & schaefer Franklin elementary school Franklin, wv Franklin elementary school Franklin, wv

• 45,200 sf, 2 story school • CLT utilized for walls, roof panels, and floor panels • CLT chosen for its construction schedule benefits • Completed January 2015 Photo Credit: Pam Wean, MSES Architects Franklin elementary school Franklin, wv

Photo Credit: Pam Wean, MSES Architects Mass timber products Cross laminated timber (clt) In 2015 IBC, CLT is now defined in Chapter 2 Definitions:

And is referenced in Chapter 23: Mass timber products Cross laminated timber (clt)

CLT product standard

ANSI / APA PRG 320 Standard for Performance Rated Cross-Laminated Timber Mass timber products Cross laminated timber (clt)

Clt panel capacities: For floors, typically controlled by vibration

Source: Structurelam, Stress Grade V2

Source: Nordic X-Lam, Stress Grade E1 Mass timber products Cross laminated timber (clt)

June, 2016 structure magazine http://www.structuremag.org/wp- content/uploads/2016/05/C-StrucDesign- Breneman-Jun161.pdf Mass timber products 1. Introduction Cross laminated timber (clt) 2. Manufacturing 3. Structural 4. Lateral 5. Connections 6. DOL and Creep 7. Vibration 8. Fire 9. Sound 10. Enclosure 11. Environmental

12. Lifting www.rethinkwood.com Cross laminated timber Clt handbook

Clt diaphragms and shearwalls: CLT Panels can be used as structural diaphragms and shear walls provided AMMR process is utilized. Testing is underway to establish design values

http://structurlam.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/CrossLam- Horizontal-Diaphragm-Design-Example-Rv10.pdf Mass timber design Assumptions: Floor grid options DL = 30 psf Approximate Member Sizes – Floor Framing LL = 65 psf Mass Glulam Approx. X X Timber Glulam Girder X Purlin Cost Panel 2x8 NLT or 5-1/8”x24” 20’ None $25/SF 7-PLY CLT 24F-V4 6-3/4”x30” or 2x6 NLT or 5-1/8”x24” 25’ 8-3/4”x27” $23/SF 5-PLY CLT @ 12.5’ oc 24F-V4 5-1/8”x28- 8-3/4”x36” or 2x6 NLT or 30’ 1/2” 10-3/4”x33” $18/SF 3-PLY CLT @ 10’ oc 24F-V4

Note: All member sizing needs to be confirmed by a licensed engineer for conditions of your project. Mass timber products Wood concrete composite

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber products Wood concrete composite

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber products Wood concrete composite

Photo Credit: structurecraft

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber products Structural composite lumber (scl) Lvl panel

Lsl panel

Photo credit: structurecraft Mass timber products Laminated veneer lumber (lvl)

Photo credit: brisco Mass timber products Laminated veneer lumber (lvl)

Photo credit: brisco Mass timber products BUILDING TYPES

MASS TIMBER BUILDINGS CAN BE FULLY MASS TIMBER

OR MIXED MASS TIMBER AND LIGHT WOOD FRAMING Mass timber design Design topics • Construction types • Fire resistance • Acoustics • Shafts • Mep detailing • Building enclosure • Lateral framing • Connections • Construction process Mass timber design Construction types

Q: of the 5 construction types, which ones can mass timber be used in? a: all 5! School Base Allowable Sizes – IBC Table 503CONSTRUCTION TYPES IBC chapter 6

WHERE DOES mass timber FIT IN IBC’S CONSTRUCTION TYPES? Construction types IBC 602

IBC DEFINES 5 CONSTRUCTION TYPES: I, II, III, IV AND V A BUILDING MUST BE CLASSIFIED AS ONE OF THESE

CONSTRUCTION TypeS I & II: ALL ELEMENTS REQUIRED TO BE NON-COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS

HOWEVER, THERE ARE EXCEPTIONS INLCUDING SEVERAL FOR MASS TIMBER Construction types ALL WOOD FRAMED BUILDING OPTIONS: IBC 602 Type III Exterior walls non-combustible (may be FRTW) Interior elements any allowed by code, INCLUDING MASS TIMBER

Type V All building elements are any allowed by code, INCLUDING MASS TIMBER

Types III and V are subdivided to A (protected) and B (unprotected)

Type IV (Heavy Timber) Exterior walls non-combustible (may be FRTW OR CLT) Interior elements qualify as Heavy Timber (min. sizes, no concealed spaces) Construction types Ibc 602

In Type III & V Construction Requiring Fire Resistance Rating: • IBC 722.1 permits calculation of fire resistance for exposed wood members and wood decking performed in accordance with NDS Chapter 16.

In Type III & V Construction Not Requiring Fire Resistance Rating: • Exposed mass timber of any size can be used. Full section is used for structural calculations. Min. HT sizes in IBC 602.4 do not need to be met.

Photo Credit: dtwarchitects & planners Construction types Ibc 602 TYPE IV CONSTRUCTION PERMITS EXPOSED HEAVY/MASS TIMBER ELEMENTS OF MINIMUM SIZES. EXAMPLES INLCUDE: • ROOF DECKING: 3” CLT, 2X T&G • COLUMN SUPPORTING ROOF: 6X8 • BEAM SUPPORTING FLOOR: 6X10 Construction types CONCEALED SPACES Ibc 602 Type IV Construction requires that interior elements be without concealed spaces: • Concealed spaces include dropped ceilings, attics, chases, others • Concealed space requirement does not apply to any other construction type. If using mass timber elements in non type IV construction, concealed spaces are permitted but may be required to be sprinklered Example of concealed space • Ibc 602.4.6 permits 1 hour fire resistance rated created by dropped ceiling construction for partitions Construction types Ibc 602 MASS timber roofs can be used where the required fire resistance rating is 1 hour or less in any construction type except 1a IBC Table 601 footnote c

c. In all occupancies, heavy timber shall be allowed where a 1-hour or less fire- resistance rating is required Photo Credit: STRUCTURELAM Allowable building size Ibc 503 Allowable building size Ibc 503 Multi Story Business Occupancy (B) Based on IBC 2012 Table 503 w/ allowable increases Height and Area IIB IIIB VA VB (With Allowable Increases) Stories1 4 4 4 3 Height1 (ft) 75 75 70 60 Max Story Area2(ft2) 69k 57k 54k 27k Total Building Area3 (ft2) 207k 171k 162k 81k 1 Assumes NFPA 13 sprinklers throughout (IBC 504.2) 2 Assumes NFPA 13 sprinklers throughout (IBC 506.3) 3 Assumes 3 or more number of stories (IBC 506.4) Allowable building size Ibc 503 Multi Story Business Occupancy (B) Based on IBC 2012 Table 503 w/ allowable increases Construction Type IIA IIIA IV Stories1 6 6 6 Height1(ft) 85 85 85 Story Area2 (ft2) 112.5k 85.5k 108k Total Building Area3 (ft2) 337.5k 256.5k 324k

1 Assumes NFPA 13 sprinklers throughout (IBC 504.2) 2 Assumes NFPA 13 sprinklers throughout (IBC 506.3) 3 Assumes 3 or more number of stories (IBC 506.4) Fire resistance

Photo Credit: fpinnovations Mass timber design Fire resistance

Source: Aitc Mass timber design Fire resistance

Similar to heavy timber, mass timber products have inherent fire resistance properties

Source: AWC’s TR 10 Mass timber design Fire resistance For Exposed Wood Members: IBC 722.1 References AWC’s NDS Chapter 16 (AWC’s TR 10 is a design aid to NDS Chapter 16) Mass timber design Fire resistance

2015 NDS Chapter 16 includes calculation of fire resistance of NLT, CLT, Glulam, Solid Sawn and SCL wood products Mass timber design Fire resistance AWC’s Technical Report 10 includes discussion of fire tests and design examples

Free download at awc.org Mass timber design Fire resistance Several successful clt fire tests have been conducted, both with and without gypsum board protection Mass timber products ACOUSTICS Mass timber design Air-borne sound: acoustics • Sound Transmission Class (STC) Measures how effectively an assembly isolates air-borne sound and reduces the level that passes from one side to the other

Structure-borne sound: • Impact Insulation Class (IIC) Evaluates how effectively an assembly blocks impact sound from passing through it Mass timber design Acoustics – ibc 1207 No acoustical code requirements for many mass timber building types such as offices and assembly. However, many owners require a minimum level of performance

Code requirements for residential occupancies:

Min. STC of 50 (45 if field tested): • Walls, Partitions, and Floor/Ceiling Assemblies

Min. IIC of 50 (45 if field tested) for: • Floor/Ceiling Assemblies Mass timber design Acoustics Sound Insulation of Bare CLT Floors and Walls Number of Thickness (in. ) Assembly type STC IIC layers

3 3-3/4 to 4-1/2 Wall 32-34 N.A.

5 5-1/3 Floor 39 23

5 5-3/4 Floor 39 24

Measured on field bare CLT wall and floor

Number of Thickness in. Assembly type FSTC FIIC layers

3 4-1/8 Wall 28 N.A.

7 8-1/5 Floor N.A 25-30 Source: US CLT Handbook Mass timber design Acoustics

Lightweight concrete topping or other similar materials can provide improved acoustical performance, increased durability Mass timber design Acoustical mat often used to increase Acoustics performance. Typically installed between mass timber panel and topping Mass timber design Acoustics Common mass timber floor assembly: • 1.5” to 3” thick concrete topping • Acoustical mat • Wsp (if applicable) • Mass timber floor panels work is on-going to develop more acoustically tested mass timber floor assemblies

Source: US CLT Handbook Mass timber design Acoustics Mass timber wall acoustics

Source: US CLT Handbook Mass timber shafts

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber shafts

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mep detailing

Photo credit: alex schreyer Mass timber products Accommodating mep Due to exposed mass timber structure and finish, unique mep accommodation solutions are required

If using type IV construction, no concealed spaces are allowed Photo credit: alex schreyer Mass timber products Accommodating mep Exposed mep Mep items left exposed, usually on ceiling side of floor assembly

Photo credit: woodworks Mass timber products Accommodating mep

Raised access floor Installed on top of floor structure Provides 2” to 18” of plenum space for mep Photo credit: woodworks Wood innovation design center

Photo Credit: ed white Prince george, bc Photo Credit: ema peter Widc mep accommodation Inlaid wood ceiling panels cover mep between clt panels

Photo Credit: mga Widc mep accommodation Rocky mountain institute innovation center Basalt, co

Photo Credit: rocky mountain institute, tim griffith Rocky mountain institute innovation center Basalt, co

image Credit: zgf architects Mass timber products Accommodating mep

Embedded conduit in

Photo Credit: alex schreyer concrete topping slab Mass timber products Accommodating mep

Embedded conduit in wall panels

Photo Credit: charles judd Mass timber design Building enclosure Mass timber building envelopes Similar to other wall assemblies: Continuous insulation and other control layers installed on outside of wall panels

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design Building enclosure

Photo Credit: John Stamets Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design Lateral framing systems

Lateral Core Resisting System: • Commonly used with glazing/curtain Light Frame Shearwalls: walls • Typical for 1-5 stories • May use rigid or semi-rigid (if used with • Typically assume flexible diaphragm frames at exterior) analysis • Need ample wall at perimeter Mass timber design Lateral framing systems Diaphragm design Options for central core: • Awc’s 2015 special design provisions for wind and seismic (sdpws) 4.2.5.2 35’ permits a semi-rigid or Rigid, cantilever diaphragm up to 35 ft • If more than 35ft, consider perimeter lateral resistance such as moment frame

Courtesy of Arch Nexus Mass timber design Lateral framing systems

Central core – concrete shearwalls

Photo Credit: structurecraft Mass timber design Lateral framing systems

Central core – mass timber shearwalls

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design Lateral framing systems

Exterior steel moment frame

Photo Credit: woodworks Mass timber design Lateral framing systems

interior steel moment frame

Photo Credit: woodworks Mass timber design Lateral framing systems

interior wood shearwalls

Photo Credit: woodworks Mass timber design Lateral framing systems

exterior wood shearwalls

Photo Credit: josh partee Mass timber design Lateral framing systems

Photo: Andreas Sauter, Tim Clay Photography Proprietary rigid/semi-rigid frames

Photo credit: Komatsu/Japan Mass timber design Lateral framing systems

Timber braced frame

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections

Connection design considerations: • Structural capacity • shrinkage • Fire • Constructability • aesthetics

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections

Long self tapping screws used extensively throughout mass

Photo Credit: alex schreyer timber construction Mass timber design connections

Beam to beam connections Photo Credit: myticon Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections

Photo Credit: structurecraft

Beam to column connections

Photo Credit: structurecraft

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections

Beam to column & column to column connections

Photo Credit: John Stamets Mass timber design connections

column to column connections

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections

column to foundation connections

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections

column to foundation connections

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections

Braced frame connections

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections

Braced frame connections

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design Braced frame connections connections

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections

Hybrid wood/steel connections: lots of variation possible

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections

Panel to foundation connections

Photo Credit: structurecraft Photo Credit: charles judd Mass timber design connections

Photo Credit: charles judd

Panel to panel connections – surface spline Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber design connections Panel to panel connections

Photo Credit: structurelam Mass timber design connections

Panel to beam connections Photo Credit: myticon Mass timber products What does a mass timber construction construction process look like? Very similar to a precast concrete or structural steel project

Photo Credit: alex schreyer • Shop drawings • Erection drawings • Prefabricated members and connections Mass timber products construction

• Staging areas • cranes

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Simple rigging hooks Mass timber products are easily removed construction after panel placement

Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber products construction Erection process is quick & efficient due to low weight, large, prefabricated members Mass timber Costs

Mass timber construction costs vary with project location, size, spans, finish level and many other variables

Product manufacturers are the best source of pricing information Mass timber Costs A few rules of thumb for preliminary pricing:

Total structure installed cost: $30-$35 / sf

Clt specific cost estimates: • Material only costs: estimated to be $7 to $17 per sf delivered • Installation estimated to be 25% to 35% of material cost • 3-ply clt: furnished & installed: $8 to $13 / sf • 5-ply clt: furnished & installed: $15 to $24 / sf • 7-ply clt: furnished & installed: $19 to $28

Glulam cost: furnished & installed ~ $50 to $65 per cf of material Photo Credit: alex schreyer Mass timber Costs Other factors relevant to the cost conversation:

• Cure time: mass timber has none. It is ready to work on immediately after being placed • Light-weight: • Crane size: mass timber is lighter than traditional materials. Smaller crane = potential savings • Smaller seismic forces & foundations = potential savings • Construction speed: estimated to be 25% faster. Sooner completion = sooner occupancy = sooner revenue • Others: less construction traffic, less on-site staging required, prefabricated & precise – goes together smoothly

Sauter timber production facility Rockwood, tn

Photo Credit: Sautertimber sauter timber production facility Rockwood, tn

Photo Credit: Andreas Sauter, Tim Clay Photography sauter timber production facility Rockwood, tn 9,000 sf Industrial production facility CLT roof and wall panels, glulam beams & columns 23’ tall walls

$55/sf installed structure cost

Photos: Andreas Sauter, Tim Clay Photography sauter timber production facility Rockwood, tn

Glulam Moment Frame Provides Facility’s Lateral Resistance

Photo: Andreas Sauter, Tim Clay Photography sauter timber production facility Rockwood, tn Clay creative Portland, or

Image Credit: Next Portland Clay creative Portland, or

5 stories mostly office, some retail and amenity 72,000 sf Image Credit: Next Portland “This is a terrific building that echoes the historic character of the workspaces in the Central Eastside, but takes it a step Clay creative further with this incredible wood construction.” Portland, or Portland Metro Councilor Bob Stacey Clay creative Portland, or

• ~8’ finished floor to bottom of beam • 25’x30’ at perimeter • 30’x30’ bays at center • 1.5” gypsum, WSP, 2x6 NLT floor panels • Raised floor system for mechanical, data and acoustics • Exterior steel moment frame keeps core area more versatile Clay creative Portland, or

• 5 stories of Type IIIA over 1 story of Type IA • Net cost: ~$300-$350/sf of rentable space • Received a $300K transit oriented development grant • ~12 month construction duration Chicago horizon pavilion Chicago, il

Photo Credit: Tom Harris Chicago horizon pavilion Chicago, il

56’ square kiosk 2 Layers of 3-ply, 4-1/8” CLT roof panels in opposite directions, each panel 8’ x 56’, creating 2 way spanning plate

Photo Credit: Tom Harris Chicago horizon pavilion Chicago, il

Photo Credit: Tom Harris Chicago horizon pavilion Chicago, il

Total roof structure thickness 8-1/4” Spans up to 30 feet between columns at isolated points

Photo Credit: aaron forrest Chicago horizon pavilion Chicago, il Chicago Horizon Won Chicago Architecture Biennial’s 2015 Lakefront Kiosk Competition

Photo Credit: tom harris HUDSON BUILDING VANCOUVER, WA

3 stories 45,000 SF Type VB CONSTRUCTION

DEVELOPER: Killian Pacific and Mackenzie PHOTO CREDIT: Columbian HUDSON BUILDING• Reinforced Brick VANCOUVER, WA

• 25’x25’ Grid • 15’-18’ floor to floor heights • Composite floor: 2x4 and 2x6 NLT floor panels with 3 ½” reinforced concrete topping DEVELOPER: Killian Pacific and Mackenzie PHOTO CREDIT: WoodWorks • All MEP exposed Brelsford wsu visitor center Pullman, wa

Photo Credit: Washington state university Brelsford wsu visitor center Pullman, wa 4,277 sf, 1 story visitor center CLT utilized for roof panels with large, expressed overhangs Completed Late 2013

Photos: WSU & Benjamin Benschneider ALBINA YARD PORTLAND, OR

4 stories 16,000 sf

Green Roof ARCHITECT: Lever Architecture IMAGE CREDIT: Lever Architecture • 20’x20’ Grid • CLT floor panels with electrical conduit poured into ALBINA YARD light weigh gypsum topping PORTLAND, OR • Wood shearwall core with open front design for glazing wall

ARCHITECT: Lever Architecture IMAGE CREDIT: WoodWorks Umass design building Amherst, ma

Image Credit: Leers Weinzapfel Associates Umass design building Amherst, ma

4 story, 87,500 sf facility with: classrooms, lounges, meeting rooms, materials-testing lab, green-building lab, wood shop, digital fabrication lab, cafe, exhibit space, and library

Image: Leers Weinzapfel Associates Umass design building Amherst, ma

Currently under construction, expected opening date: January 2017. Photo Credit: alex schreyer t3 minneapolis Minneapolis, mn

Image Credit: Michael Green Architects/Hines Group Type IV Construction t3 minneapolis 7 stories (6 Timber on 1 Concrete) 234,000 sf Minneapolis, mn 2x8 NLT Floor Panels w/3” Concrete Topping Glulam Beam and Column Frame 20’x25’ Grid t3 minneapolis Minneapolis, mn

Image Credit: StructureCraft/Hines/Michael Green Architect Mass timber construction The future’s looking up

Photo credit: naturally: wood TALL Mass timber BUILDING COMPETITION • Originally a $2 million Project Competition • So many high quality submissions resulted in 2 projects awarded $1.5 million each • Lumber industry via SLB is contributing $2M of $3M TALL Mass timber BUILDING COMPETITION

Framework: An Urban + Rural Ecology

· Tall Wood Competition Winner · Location: Pearl District, Portland, OR · Height: 130’ / 12 stories · Tot al B ui l di ng A r e a: 90,000 square feet · Building Uses: Ground floor retail; 5 office floors; 5 apartment floors; Rooftop amenity · Materials: Cross laminated timber floors and lateral force resisting system; Glue laminated beams and columns

OWNER: Beneficial State Bancorp ARCHITECT: LEVER Architecture ENGINEER: KPFF TALL Mass timber BUILDING COMPETITON

475 West 18th: Setting the Stage for Innovation, Engineering and Architecture

· Tall Wood Competition Winner · Location: West Chelsea, Manhattan, NY · Height: 120’ / 10 stories · Tot al B ui l di ng A r e a: 50,000 square feet · Building Uses: Residential condominium with ground floor commercial space · Materials: Mass timber columns, beams, shear walls and floors

OWNER: Spiritos Properties ARCHITECT: SHoP Architects ENGINEER: ARUP Tall wood projects

Source: reThinkWood Treet apartments Completed 2015 Bergen, norway 14 STORIES 173 FT ~63K SQ.FT.

Source: Toward Taller Wood Buildings Symposium 2014 BROCK COMMONS VANCOUVER, BC

EXPECTED COMPLETION: SUMMER 2017 18 STORIES 174 FT 156K SQ.FT. Photo credit: acton ostry architects BROCK COMMONS VANCOUVER, BC

5 PLY CLT PANELS, 2-WAY SPAN ~9’X13’ GRID OF COLUMNS Photo credit: acton ostry architects BROCK COMMONS VANCOUVER, BC BROCK COMMONS 17 stories of timber installation VANCOUVER, BC Started june 6, 2016 Finished august 10, 2016 Questions?

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

WoodWorks.org Copyright Materials

This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.

© The Wood Products Council 2016