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Norské Snahy O Zapojení Do Evropy Bc. Jiří Pokorný

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Norské Snahy O Zapojení Do Evropy Bc. Jiří Pokorný Masarykova univerzita v Brně Filozofická fakulta Historický ústav Norské snahy o zapojení do Evropy (magisterská diplomová práce) Bc. Jiří Pokorný Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Vladimír Goněc, CSc. Brno 2009 Prohlašuji, ţe jsem magisterskou diplomovou práci vypracoval samostatně a uvedl všechnu pouţitou literaturu a prameny datum vlastnoruční podpis Anotace Téma mé magisterské diplomové práce je: Norské snahy o zapojení do Evropy. Ve své práci chci popsat vývoj norského postoje k evropské spolupráci a integraci. Dále se věnuji postoji oficiálních představitelů norské vlády a veřejnosti k dané otázce. Práce se snaţí srovnat jednotlivé pokusy o spolupráci a poukázat na události, nebo jevy, které předurčily další kroky Norska na poli evropské spolupráce. Annotation My master thesis is called: Norwegian Pursuit of Engagement into the Europe. I would like to here describe evolution of Norwegian attitude towards European cooperation and integration. I put brain to attitudes of officials of Norwegian goverment and publick opinion about this issuses. Text try to compare individual attempts at cooperation and stressed events and phenomenon which predestinate next steps of Norwegian Kingdoom on the field of European cooperation. Klíčová slova Norsko, Dánsko, Finsko, Švédsko Severská spolupráce, Severská celní unie, NORDEK, EHS, ES, EU, ESUO, ESVO, Evropská integrace, Referendum, 1972, 1994. Keywords Norway, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Nordic cooperation, Nordic custom union, NORDEK, EEC, EC, EU, EFTA, FTA, European integration, Referendum, 1972, 1994. Poděkování Na prvním místě bych chtěl poděkovat vedoucímu mé práce, docentu Vladimíru Goňcovi, za vedení, poskytování uţitečných rad, připomínek a pomoci při psaní mé práce. Dále bych chtěl poděkovat doktoru Lasse Sonnemu z University of Helsinky za poskytnutí podpory, důleţitých podnětů, návodů a materiálů. Za poskytnutí podpory, důleţitých podnětů, návodů a materiálů bych chtěl ještě poděkovat Ambasadoru Peteru Raederovi, Kristin Marie Haugevikové a Andreasi Selliaasi z Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, Melchioru Jorangerovi z ministerstva financí, Hanne Lene Løvsethové z ministerstva průmyslu s obchodu, Carstenu Due-Nielsenovi ze SAXO-Institute na University of Copenhagen, Birgit Wihlborg Andersenové z dánského ministerstva zahraničí a Magnusi Rønnebrgovi Ruudovi z informačního servisu norského úřadu vlády. Těmto všem lidem, zvláště pak docentu Vladimíru Goňcovi, vděčím za to, ţe jsem se mohl věnovat této tématice. Obsah 1. Úvod ................................................................................................................................................ 7 2. Norsko, počátky severské a evropské integrace ...................................................................... 11 2.1 Ideologické podněty k severské spolupráci ......................................................................................11 2.2 Postoje k severské integraci ................................................................................................................13 2.3 Počátky severské spolupráce ...............................................................................................................14 2.4 Norský postoj k počátkům evropské spolupráce ............................................................................16 3. EFTA a první přihlášky do evropských společenství ............................................................ 18 3.1 Velká zóna volného obchodu .............................................................................................................18 3.2 Vznik Evropského sdruţení volného obchodu ...............................................................................21 3.3 První přihláška o členství do EHS .....................................................................................................23 3.4 Dvojí francouzské veto britské ţádosti o členství v EHS/ES ......................................................27 4. NORDEK .................................................................................................................................... 31 4.1 Vznik plánu NORDEK ......................................................................................................................31 4.2 Očekávání od plánu NORDEK.........................................................................................................33 4.3 Podpora plánu NORDEK u politických stran a veřejnosti ...........................................................35 4.4 Vyjednávání o plánu NORDEK ........................................................................................................36 4.5 NORDEK a jeho institucionální podoba .........................................................................................39 5. První norské veto vstupu do ES ............................................................................................... 41 5.1 Konečná fáze jednání o plánu NORDEK a podání přihlášky o členství v ES ..........................41 5.1.1 Konečná fáze jednání o plánu NORDEK .........................................................................................42 5.1.2 Přípravy na podpis smlouvy ................................................................................................................43 5.1.3 Selhání Finska ..................................................................................................................................44 5.2 Vyjednávání o členství .........................................................................................................................46 5.2.1 Otázka zemědělství ...........................................................................................................................47 5.2.2 Otázka rybolovu ...............................................................................................................................48 5.3 Referendum o členství v ES ...............................................................................................................49 5.3.1 Postavení parlamentu v otázce členství ................................................................................................49 5.3.2 Odpůrci členství .................................................................................................................................50 5.3.3 Příznivci členství ................................................................................................................................51 5.4 Výsledek referenda ...............................................................................................................................52 5.4.1 Moţný vliv plánu NORDEK na integrační snahy Norska ...............................................................53 6. Období mezi dvěma referendy .................................................................................................. 55 6.1 Situace po referendu, sedmdesátá léta ...............................................................................................55 6.2 Osmdesátá léta ......................................................................................................................................57 6.3 Počátek devadesátých let a otázka členství .......................................................................................57 6.3.1 Postoj ke členství u politických stran...................................................................................................59 6.3.2 Postoj ke členství mezi voliči ...............................................................................................................60 6.3.3 Další aktéři ve vztahu k ES .............................................................................................................61 6.3.4 Postavení parlamentu .........................................................................................................................61 6.3.5 Norsko ve vztahu k EFTA .............................................................................................................62 6.4 Ekonomická a hospodářská pozice Norska v porovnání s ES/EU .............................................63 7. Druhé norské veto vstupu do EU ............................................................................................ 65 7.1 Jednání s EU ..........................................................................................................................................66 7.2 Všeobecné volby do Stortingu (1993) ...............................................................................................69 7.3 Souhrny výsledků vyjednávání ............................................................................................................71 7.4 Projednávaná témata ............................................................................................................................73 7.4.1 Ropa .................................................................................................................................................73 7.4.2 Rybolov .............................................................................................................................................76 7.4.3 Zemědělství ........................................................................................................................................77 7.4.4 Regionální politika ............................................................................................................................78 7.4.5 Suverenita..........................................................................................................................................79
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