DOCSLIB.ORG

1705802 Project ID

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1705802 Project ID THE WORLD BANK GROUP ARCHIVES PUBLIC DISCLOSURE AUTHORIZED Folder Title: General Development Project - Norway - Loan 0115 - P037467 - Negotiations - Volume 2 Folder ID: 1705802 Project ID: P037467 Dates: 3/31/1955 – 4/19/1955 Fonds: Records of the Europe and Central Asia Regional Vice Presidency ISAD Reference Code: WB IBRD/IDA ECA Digitized: 7/19/2018 To cite materials from this archival folder, please follow the following format: [Descriptive name of item], [Folder Title], Folder ID [Folder ID], World Bank Group Archives, Washington, D.C., United States. The records in this folder were created or received by The World Bank in the course of its business. The records that were created by the staff of The World Bank are subject to the Bank’s copyright. Please refer to http://www.worldbank.org/terms-of-use-earchives for full copyright terms of use and disclaimers. THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. © International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / International Development Association or The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org II -NQRWA.Y - Negotiations (l.l.~NO)- ~~ 1H1 11111111111111rm1rn mrn1111r ~~· 1705802 General Development Pr . Al 995-063 Other #· 4 DECLASSIFIED Negotiations - Volum e 2 o1ect- Norway- Loan 011.5 - P037467Box# _ 1709718 WITH RESTRICTIONS WBG Archives • s t • .. C 0 • p y April 15, 1955 Dear Mro Perouse: I refer to our discussion this afternoon about para­ graph 31 of the President's Report and RecOlllll.endations on the proposed loan of $25 million to the Kingdom of Norway. As I mentioned then, Mr. Brinch has stated that the use of the words "further assurances" might be taken as implying that the Norwegian Government has already given the assur­ ances r.eferred to, mch he denies. We all agreed this afternoon that the reference to "further assurances" was made as a quotation from Mr. Hoppenot•s memorandum to Mr. Black dated March 24, 1955 and that in ao doing the Bank did not endorse the meorandum or any particu­ lar implication that the words used in it might carry. I an sending a copy of this letter to Mr. Brinch. Yours sincere~, s.R. Cope Assistant Director of Operations Europe, Africa and Aua~ralisia Mro Maurice Perouse Alternate Executive Director for France International Bank for Reconstruction and Developnent Washington, n.c. CC: Mr. Christian Brinch SRCope:eed FO ,H-1 No. 59 (3 .49) CROSS REFERENCE SHEET COMMUNICATION: Letter Acknowledging letter. April 201 1955 DA TED: April 14, 1955 TO: Mro Vo Umbricht FROM: Swiss Bank Corporation, Basle - Dr. Tttrler SUMMARY: Acknowledging personal letter. Discusses Norway loan. FILED UNDER: Switzerland - General CROSS REFERENCE: Norway - Loan ll5 Negotiationso N~- \l~•a> • April 12., 1955 MEH>RANDUM OF THINGS TO BE DONE PROPOSED WAN TO KI GDOM OF NORWil / I. On the date of signature of Loan Agreement (April 19): • Six copies of Loan Agreement are to be signed for the Kingdom ot Norwq by • Brinch; for the Bank., by Mr. Black or Mr. Hoar. • The following documents are to be delivered to the Bank: l. Certificate of Mr. Nielsen., to which are attached copies of Storting resolution., royal resolution and order of the Ministry of Commerce. Note: Two copies of the certificate are in the Bank• possession., but • Brinch., pursuant to authorization, is to date the certificate the date of signature of the I.oan Agreement. 2. Opinion of the Minister of Justice. Note: Mr. Brinch has a signed but undated copy ot the opinion. He must have authori­ zation from the Minister of Justice to date the opinion the date of signature of the Loan .Agreement and to deliver it to the Bank. o. The Bank will deliver to the Kingdom of Norwa.y certified copies of resolution of the ard of Executiv Directors of the Bank authorizing signature of the Loan Agreement together with certi.fied copies of wan Regulations No. 3 dated February 15, 1955. I I . en the date or delivery of bonds of the public issue (April 26): / A. The authorized representative or the Kingdom must date and deliver to the Bank certificate signed by Mr. Brinch concerning the amount of the • unus d authorization remaining under Storting resolution adopted J'Wle 21, 1954. :tbt~: 01_that date t~ authorized representa~ive 0£ the Kingdom must receive a cable from Mr. Brinch substantiall,y as follows: "YOU ARE AUTHORIZED TO DATE MY· CERT.lli'ICATE UNUSED WAN AUTHORIZMIO AS OF CLC6ING DATE AND DELIVER COPIES TO INrBAF1W> AND UNDERWRITERS • rt Kingdom by letter signed by its authorized representative must notify the Bank: l . That the execution and delivecy or the Loan geement on be­ half oft~ Kin~<:J.om has been .duly _authorized or ratitied by all necessar.r governmental action. 2 . That the Kingdo has duly delivered and received pqment for the $15., 000., 000 aggreg ;te principal ount of' bonds of the public bond issue. Notes draft letter or notification has been handed to Mr. Brinch. c. When all the abov: action h been taken., th Bank will deliver to Harriman Ripley- Co ., Incorporated cow ot ~ cabled notification to the Ministry of C<:>mmerce in_~~o to the _e££ect that_the 25 ., 000., 000 loan be­ ( c~s effective on the closing date. A draft cable to the Kingdom and . draft letter to Harriman Ripley a.re attache~. : .Arrangements must be made so that the c le can b sent trom the office where the closing is hel D. letter concerning disbursements, signed on behalf' 0£ International ank., i .to be countersigned by the autmrized representative of the KingdODJ• co: • ·Brinch • Stevenson Mt-. Hoar • King ~ Patera n • DRAFr CAB STRY OF co~:MMBRC! S EVIDENCE FU IS UND S ECTIVE T , L A.s.o. DRAP'l - latter to be · delivered to Harrillan Ripley co., DlCOrpora1. Q. on closing date. Co . , orpor Yolic tl n: T h tod notified ~-Q turnished to it, by the K1ngdo ot rwq und r Section 9. OJ of' Lo • ) da ed ruary 15, 1955. Accordi Jy., t il 19., 19.55 do or rw d Int - tio ank for constructio A eopy o the Bank' cab:11' to this t.tect 1 attac d. incerely your , s. • ar Director of r tions Ewt"On,e., Af'ric and Austral ia nclo ure ' '--~~-k FOR M No . 58 ( 5- 48 ) INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT , .. - -- J OFFICE MEMORANDUM .. TO: FILES DATE: April 12, 1955 FROM: S. R. Cope SUBJECT: Loan to Norway - Use of Borrowed sterling Mr . Flett called me this morning to say that London had given a generally favorable reaction to the points I had raised with him earlier; namely, the absence of any reference to competitive bidding in the documents dealing with the loan and the use by the Bank of the remainder of its bor­ rowed sterling for the loan. As yet he had no final instructions, but he did not expect any difficulty. He added that London expressed the hope that we were not counting on coming back to the London market in the immediate future for a further sterling issue: if the question were raised, the Chancellor's answer might be different than it would have been had condi­ tions been the same as they were last year. I said that while, of course, we would want to come back to the London market sooner or later, I recog­ nized that the situation at the present time made a loan out of the question. -' cc: Mr. Hoar Mr. Riley , Mr. le j eune Mr. King April 12t 1955 rro sterling e ;ye ago Is ke to • l tt or our intention to se batant~ all our re ing borro aterlin for the <r gian loan. l sterday he called to aay that he bad ea.rd r Lo on to the effect that they bad no objections to our doin , but that v should not co\lDt on 1ng abl to e uother is t t e- nt t , e.e ket conditions were less faTOrable than they era last ye • I aai that while conditions might not propitious at th re nt nt in rlev of th increase 1n rate, should t to c th ket again t the irst con en1ent opportunit7. ect Mr. Iloar • le7 Mr. Lejeune SRCopeaeed • t • I • I al.80. the date ot t tor the bo ubllc issue 1n re ' loan. I t and to • t.e tor bia co • 11'. 70ura, • V?t!Jrsey/ p ill you ple :till in the :te 1ii the rand . attached and also g1 ve the .AIR MAIL April ll, 195.5 • Carsten elsen ,-&1 rwegian M1.nistry of Co re no. ansens pl. 4 o, rv ar • elsena I was delight d to learn th the opinion or t nister of Just.ice has b en d:tsp tcbed to Mr. Brinch. Th you tor I I torwm/icling the caw to • inc rely your , I I V?fbrser/rrDp I I ' INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (NOT FOR PUBLIC USE} FOR D CONFIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE R-870 WBGARCHI DIRECTORS' (For consideration by the MEETING Executive Directors on April 18, 1955.) FROM : The Acting Secretary April 8, 1955 PROPOSED LOAN TO THE KilJGOOM OF NORY!AY The proposed loan to the Kingdom of Norway will be considered at a Special Meeting of the Executive Directors at J:00 p. m. , Monday, April 18, 1955. There are ·attached: 1. President's Report and Recommendations 2. Draft Loan Agreement 3. Statutory Loan Committee Report 4. Current Economic Position and Prospects of Norway 5. Draft Resolution Attachments Distribution: Executive Directors and Alternates President Vice President Assistant to President Department Heads Sec.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Journal of European Integration History Revue D
    00_Editorial_01.book Seite 1 Dienstag, 22. Mai 2001 9:16 09 JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION HISTORY REVUE D’HISTOIRE DE L’INTÉGRATION EUROPÉENNE ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR GESCHICHTE DER EUROPÄISCHEN INTEGRATION edited by the Groupe de liaison des professeurs d’histoire contemporaine auprès de la Commission européenne 2001, Volume 7, Number 1 00_Editorial_01.book Seite 2 Dienstag, 22. Mai 2001 9:16 09 The Liaison Committee of Historians came into being in 1982 as a result of an important international symposium that the Commission had organized in Luxembourg to launch historical research on Euro- pean integration. The committee is composed of historians of the European Union member countries who work on contemporary history. The Liaison Committee: – gathers and conveys information about work on European history after the Second World War; – advises the European Union on research projects concerning contemporary European history. Thus, the Liaison Committee was commissioned to make publicly available the archives of the Community institutions; – enables researchers to make better use of the archival sources; – promotes research meetings to get an update of work in progress and to stimulate new research: seven research conferences have been organized and their proceedings published. The Journal of European Integration History – Revue d’histoire de l’intégration européenne – Zeitschrift für Geschichte der europäischen Integration is in line with the preoccupations of the Liaison Committee. Being the first history journal to deal exclusively with the history of European Integration, the Journal offers the increasing number of young historians devoting their research to contemporary Europe, a permanent forum. The Liaison Committee is supported by the European Commission, but works completely independ- ently and according to historians’ critical method.
    [Show full text]
  • Utredning Om Norske Myndigheters Behandling Av Tre Utvalgte Grupper Etter Andre Verdenskrig
    Utredning om norske myndigheters behandling av tre utvalgte grupper etter andre verdenskrig: Barn av NS-medlemmer Jenter og kvinner med relasjon til tyske soldater Norske sjøfolk internert i Afrika Utført av Senter for studier av Holocaust og livssynsminoriteter på oppdrag fra Justisdepartementet. Innholdsfortegnelse INNLEDNING ....................................................................................................................................... 3 UTREDNINGENS MANDAT .................................................................................................................... 3 UTFYLLENDE OM UTREDNINGENS MANDAT ........................................................................................ 4 INNHOLD OG AVGRENSING .................................................................................................................. 4 BARN AV NS-MEDLEMMER ............................................................................................................ 6 KUNNSKAPSOVERSIKT OG DATAGRUNNLAG ....................................................................................... 6 Personlige beretninger ................................................................................................................... 7 BESKRIVELSE AV GRUPPEN. HVEM VAR NS-BARNA I ETTERKRIGSTIDEN? ......................................... 9 BAKGRUNN – 1940-1945 ................................................................................................................... 10 Nasjonal Samling .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bridging the Atlantic a Norwegian Contribution to US Sealift
    C O N C E P T P A P E R S E R I E S /2 0 1 9 Bridging the Atlantic A Norwegian Contribution to US Sealift Åse Gilje Østensen and Ståle Ulriksen There is currently considerable concern with US capacity to muster the acquired number of sealift vessels needed to swiftly deploy forces overseas. Norway for its part has a large, modern, and versatile merchant fleet that could be militarily useful in case of NATO operations to reinforce Europe. This brief suggest a bilateral agreement be signed between Norway and the US that obliges Norway to muster a significant number of Norwegian-controlled ships to support transatlantic US sealift operations. Norway, along with most other European NATO member states, relies on US reinforcements for its national security. These reinforcements arrive by sea. Therefore, an agreement such as the one suggested in this brief serves the security interests of the US, Norway, and the rest of the European NATO states. REVITALIZING TRANSATLANTIC MARITIME SECURITY The research project “Revitalizing Transatlantic Maritime Security: Filling Capability Gaps with the Norwegian Commercial Shipping Sector” intends to bring forward creative ideas on how to fill logistical gaps by leveraging private -public partnerships with merchant fleet operators. The project is a collaboration between Center for New American Security, Norwegian Institiute of International Affairs and the Royal Norwegian Naval Academy. The project is funded by a research grant provided by the Norwegian Ministry of Defence. Norwegian Defence University College Royal Norwegian Naval Academy Concept Paper Series 2 1/2019 The United States has long had a unique capability contribute to the military muscle of NATO that do to project power around the world by rapidly not cripple the country’s military presence in the deploying military forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Motstanden I Eiker 1940–45 Og Frigjøringsdagen
    Motstanden i Eiker 1940-45 og frigjøringsdagen Noen datoer har vært viktigere å minnes enn andre. Det gjelder ikke minst 8. mai, frigjøringsdagen, da verdenskrigen her hjemme endelig var slutt.1 Da minnes pionerenes innsats i Norge og utenfor landets grenser. Det gjelder motstandskjemperne, det gjelder sjøfolkene og de det gikk verst utover, jødene, - i det hele tatt motstandskampen - slik at denne store dagen faktisk til slutt kom. Før vi går nærmere inn på dem som gikk i spissen i denne kampen i Nedre Eiker, må vi først se nærmere på den omgjøringen av frigjøringsdagen som har skjedd. I de siste årene har Forsvaret omgjort denne dagen til veterandagen. Det skaper inntrykk av at motstandskampen bare var et uttrykk for Forsvarets innsats mot en fiende som kom utenfra og okkuperte oss. Men hva var realiteten? Forsvaret ble raskt utradert i 1940 og ble bare i liten grad bygd opp i eksil under alliert kommando. Senere var det visse tilløp med Milorg mot slutten av krigen. Offiserskorpset spilte i det hele tatt en ytterst marginal rolle. Motstandskampen var stort sett drevet fram av sivilister, med andre perspektiver enn offiserer som hadde underskrevet æresord til tyskerne om å avstå fra motstand. De så seg som deltakere i samfunnets kamp for frihet. For svært mange av dem framsto motstandskampen som en fase i den lange kampen for folkestyre og demokrati, med lange røtter bakover i norsk historie. Okkupasjonen var nemlig ikke bare fremmedstyre. Den var nazisme. Nazistaten var en helt ny måte å organisere samfunnet på. Den "nye tid" kom med maktmidler "ohne Gesetzte" - altså uten hensyn til rettsregler - for å knuse all opposisjon, med tvang, terror, tortur, ensretting og rasistisk utryddelse, alt for å sikre makten.
    [Show full text]
  • Apalveien 20 - 9
    VennUgst meld adresseforandring VINDEREN HISTORIELAG ISBN 0804-3256 Postboks 90, Vinderen 0319 OSLO Arskontingent kr 100.­ Postgirokonto 0825 0409339 Bankgirokonto 5084.05.24008 14 Telefon 22 14 39 21- Per Henrik Bache Redaktor Finn Holden INNHOLD Redakterens spalte .............................................................. 2. omslagsside Medlemsmote 31. mai .............................................................................. 1 Anders Gogstad: Apalveien 20 - 9. april 1940 ..••..•.•.•.•..•.•.•.•.•••••.••...•••.. 2 VAre falne 1940 - 1945 - Del II................................................................ 4 MEDLEMSBLAD FOR Finn Holden: Milorg D 13 ...................................................................... 7 Are Saastad: Motstandsgruppe pi Gaustad ......................................... 11 Gunnar Sonsteby: Episoder fra motstand under krigen •.•.•.....•.••••.••.. 14 Finn Holden: Den illegale presse ............................................................ 19 . VINDEREN JEA: Fra en illegalist's liv pi Vinderen under krigen .....•••..•••••.•••.•..... 23 Slaget i Thyvannskleiva ............................................................................ 25 Finn Holden: Nazitoppmote i Hippodromen ........................................ 25 Finn Holden: Likvidering for oynene pi Vinderen-elever ......•....•.•.••. 26 lllSTORIELAG Georg Stabell: Skikretsens "Jossinger" ................................................ 29 Arsmelding for Vinderen Historielag •...•.•.•...•.••••.•.•....•.....•...•.•.•.••.•••••••. 31
    [Show full text]
  • Finn Moe - En Utenrikspolitisk Biografi
    1 Finn Moe - en utenrikspolitisk biografi Vebjørn Kristen Elvebakk Hovedfagsoppgave i historie Universitetet i Oslo, Historisk institutt Høsten 2004 2 Forord Først og fremst vil jeg takke Knut Einar Eriksen for konstruktiv og hyggelig veiledning gjennom hele dette arbeidet. Takk fortjener også alle ved NUPI, herunder spesielt Erik Nord, Andreas Selliaas, John Kristen Skogan og personalet ved biblioteket. Sven Holtsmark ved IFS har sjenerøst stilt sitt private arkiv til disposisjon og vært en god rådgiver og samtalepartner. Min medstudent Nils August Andresen har kyndig foretatt nødvendige oversettelser fra russisk til norsk. Takk også til Guri Hjeltnes, Finn Olstad og Even Lange som har kommet med gode faglige råd og interessant informasjon. Halvard Fossheim ved Filosofisk institutt, UiO har bistått meg med oversettelse fra fransk og fortolkning av Finn Moes gullmedaljeoppgave. Beate Elvebakk har foreslått språklige forbedringer og ellers gitt mange nyttige tips og vink. Takk også til alle som i sin travle hverdag har latt seg intervjue. Endelig må jeg fremheve imøtekommenheten fra personalet ved Arbeiderbevegelsens Arkiv og Bibliotek, Nasjonalbiblioteket, Riksarkivet, Stortingsarkivet og Utenriksdepartementets arkiv. Aller mest takk til Elen. Oslo, 16.10.2004. Vebjørn Elvebakk 3 Innholdsfortegnelse Innledning 4 Oppgavens bakgrunn og problemstilling 4 Kapittel 5: Avgrensning og struktur 6 Tøvær og tro på forandring (1955-1964) 90 Betraktninger rundt metode og sjanger 8 Nye premisser 91 Litteratur 10 Konvergens og atomtrusselens perspektiver
    [Show full text]
  • The Norwegian Merchant Fleet
    c cial S ien o ce s S Lysgard and Tenden, Arts Social Sci J 2019, 10:3 d J n o a u r s n t a r l A Arts and Social Sciences Journal ISSN: 2151-6200 Review Article Open Access The Norwegian Merchant Fleet - The Small State’s Multi Tool for Future Crisis Asbjorn Lysgard* and Ole Christian Tenden Department of Military Strategy and Operations, Norwegian Defence Staff and Command College, Norwegian Defence University College, Norway Abstract In a complex world with humanitarian crises, natural disasters, migration, terrorism, and piracy, Norway has an obligation to protect and assist both its own citizens and international partners all over the globe within its limited means. Norway’s merchant fleet forward presence, the unique legal framework between the Norwegian Government and the Norwegian Ship owners Association, and the international networks of maritime clusters can enable rapid logistical support for an expeditionary force in a hasty crisis response or limited contingency operation. Discussion: The Kingdom of Norway has long-held seafarer traditions and has managed one of the world’s most substantial commercial fleets for centuries. In the world wars, Norway had the world’s third biggest commercial fleet. When invaded by Germany, the Norwegian Government requisitioned all Norwegian ships and established the Norwegian Shipping and Trade Mission. The world wars led to a close cooperation between the Norwegian Government and the Norwegian Ship owners, which continues today. The merchant ships play a significant role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s Article V logistical plans or support of the “Out of Area” concept.
    [Show full text]
  • Forsvarsstudier 3/1990
    Forsvarsstudier 3/1990 Nordic or North Atlantic AUiance? Tlhe !Postwar Scandinavian Security Debate Magne Slwdvin Instilult for forsvarsstudier (IFS) Tollbugt. 10, 0152 Oslo I, Norge INSTITUTI FOR FORSVARSSTUDIER- IFS- (tidligere Forsvarshistorisk forskningssenter) er en faglig uavhengig institusjon sorn driver forskning med et samtidshistorisk perspektiv innenfor omd.dent'- norsk forsvars- og sikker­ het.spolitikk. Sovjetstudier og strategiske studier. IFS er administrativt tilknyttet Forsvarets hogskole, og virksomheten st~lr under tilsyn av Rc:ldel for forsvars­ studier med representasjon fra Forsvarcts ovakommando, Forsvarsdeparte­ mentet, Forsvards hogskole og Universitetet i Oslo. FORSVARSSTLJDIER tar sikte pfi a v::cn: et fomm for forskningsarbeiJer inncnfor institusjonens arbeidsomnlder. De synspunktcr som kommer til ut­ trykk i Forsvc.lrsstudier slUr for forfatterens cgcn regning. Hcl eller tlelvis gjengivelsc av innholdet kan hare skje mcd forfatlerens samtykke. Rcdakwr: Ro(l Tamues INSTITUTT FOR FORSVARSSTUDIER - IFS - NORWEGIAN INSTI­ TUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES (formerly Forsvarshistorisk lorskningssen­ ter - Research Centre for Defence History) conducts independent research from a contemporary history perspective on defence and security issues. Soviet studies, and strategic studies. IFS is administratively attached to the National Defence College. and its activities are supervised by the Council for Defence Studies, composed of representatives from the Defence Command. the Mi~ niSti)' of Defence, the National Defence College. and the University of Oslo. Director: Pn~fessor 0/al' Riste, D. Plui (Onm) FORSVARSSTUDIER - Defence Studies - aims to provide a forum for re­ search papers within the fields of activity of the Nonvegian Institute for De~ fence Studies. The viewpoints expressed are those of the authors. The uuthor's permission is required for any r~production, wholly or in part, of the contents.
    [Show full text]
  • Grenselos I Grenseland
    Grenselos i grenseland Samisk og norsk losvirksomhet i nordre Nordland og Sør-Troms 1940–1945 Marianne Neerland Soleim, Jens-Ivar Nergård og Oddmund Andersen Orkana Akademisk Marianne Neerland Soleim, Jens-Ivar Nergård og Oddmund Andersen © 2019 Grenselos i grenseland Samisk og norsk losvirksomhet i nordre Nordland og Sør-Troms 1940–1945 This book is published as Open Access under the copyright regulations of Creative Commons License CC-BY 4.0. Creative Commons License CC-BY 4.0 gives permission to copy and distribu- te the work in any medium or format, partially or fully, and to freely use the material for any purpo- se. Correct references to the work and authors must be applied, and include reference to the license, together with a specification of whether changes have been made. Reference to the original work can be provided in any reasonable manner, but can not suggest that the authors or the publisher endor- se the third party or the third party’s use of the work. Any reuse of the material in this book may not infringe upon the rights of reuse by other parties. For a full description of the Creative Commons License CC-BY 4.0 consult the following webpage: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode PDF: ISBN 978-82-8104-379-4 EPUB: ISBN 978-82-8104-380-0 HTML: ISBN 978-82-8104-381-7 XML: ISBN 978-82-8104-382-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33673/OOA20195 Sammendrag på lulesamisk er oversatt av Samuel Gælok. Forsideillustrasjon: Grenselos Peder Knutsen med flyktninger på vei til Sverige.
    [Show full text]
  • Opiskelijakirjaston Verkkojulkaisu 2007
    Opiskelijakirjaston verkkojulkaisu 2007 Reprinted from "The European Idea: The Scandinavian answer. Norwegian attitudes towards a Closer Scandinavian Economic Cooperation 1947-1959" by Ingrid Sogner from Scandinavian Journal of History, www.tandf.no/sjhist, 1993,18(4), 307-327, by permission of Taylor & Francis Tämä aineisto on julkaistu verkossa oikeudenhaltijoiden luvalla. Aineistoa ei saa kopioida, levittää tai saattaa muuten yleisön saataviin ilman oikeudenhaltijoiden lupaa. Aineiston verkko-osoitteeseen saa viitata vapaasti. Aineistoa saa opiskelua, opettamista ja tutkimusta varten tulostaa omaan käyttöön muutamia kappaleita. www.opiskelijakirjasto.lib.helsinki.fi [email protected] 307 The European Idea: The Scandinavian Answer Norwegian Attitudes Towards a Closer Scandinavian Economic Cooperation 1947-19591 Ingrid Sogner In 1947 the Norwegian government proposed to extend economic cooperation between the Nordic countries. 2 This suggestion launched twelve years of thorough investigations; the options considered included the establishment of a Scandinavian customs union - a suggestion never to be realized. In 1959 EFTA was instead established, with the three Scandinavian countries included among the seven founding countries. Contemporary observers claimed that the Scandinavian cus- toms union henceforth ". at most would serve as a subject for dissertations for future researchers on Nordic cooperation".3 This article is based on my dissertation on the plans for a Scandinavian customs union, and the Norwegian attitude towards these. Norway has been judged, both by contemporaries and in hindsight by researchers, to be the most reluctant among the Scandinavian countries towards Scandinavian cooperation and a Scandinavian customs union. This conclusion will be discussed and modified in this article. My argument is that Norway throughout this period pursued a fairly consistent and positive policy towards closer Scandi- Ingrid Sogner, born 1964, Cand.
    [Show full text]
  • The Norwegian Experience
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Bjerkholt, Olav Working Paper Markets, models and planning: The Norwegian experience Memorandum, No. 2005,14 Provided in Cooperation with: Department of Economics, University of Oslo Suggested Citation: Bjerkholt, Olav (2005) : Markets, models and planning: The Norwegian experience, Memorandum, No. 2005,14, University of Oslo, Department of Economics, Oslo This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/63196 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu MEMORANDUM No 14/2005 Markets, models and planning: the Norwegian experience Olav Bjerkholt ISSN: 0801-1117 Department of Economics University of Oslo This series is published by the In co-operation with University of Oslo The Frisch Centre for Economic Department of Economics Research P.
    [Show full text]
  • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Accord
    GENERAL AGREEMENT ACCORD GENERAL SUR ON TARIFFS AND LES TARIFS DOUANIERS TWELVE/4/feev.l TRADE ET LE COMMERCE TU October 1957 Special Distribution CONTRACTING PARTIES PARTIES CONTRACTANTES Twelfth Session Douzième Session LIST OF REPRESENTATIVES**- LISTE DES REPRESENTANTS** Revision AUSTRALIA Representatives Dr. W.A. Westerman, O.B.E. Deputy Secretary, Department of Trade, Leader of delegation Mr. E.P. IlcClintock First Assistant Secretary, Trade and Industries Division, Department of Trade, Deputy Leader of delegation. *Mr. O.A. Jockel Permanent Representative to the European Office of the United. Nations Mr. J.ff. Richardson Deputy Assiatant Secretary, Commercial Policy Branch, Trade Policy Division, Department of Trade Dr. R.J. Whitelaw Acting Assistant Secretary, Financial and Economic Policy Branchf Department of the Treasury Mr. J.T. Smith Trade Relations Adviser, Office of the High Commissioner in the United Kingdom Wife present Mr. M.W. Oakley Head, Policy Secretariat, Department of Primary Industry Changes to this list should be reported in writing to the Conference Office A,660« ** Toute modification qu'il y aurait lieu d'apporter à cette liste devra être signalé par écrit au bureau de la Conférence A.660. TWELVEA/Rev.l Page 2 AUSTRALIA (continued) • Representatives Mr. D.J. Pekin Tariff Policy Officer, Tariff Divison, Department of Trade Joint Secretaries of the Mr. J.H.W. Dean delegation Tariff Revision Officer, Tariff Division, Department of Trade Mr. W.R, Lawson Chief Tariff Officer, Department of Customs and Excise, *Mr. N.S. Currie Permanent Mission to the European Office of the United Nations Secretaries Miss 0, Harrison Miss D. Atkins AUSTRIA Ministerial representative Dr.
    [Show full text]