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Microsoftxwordx ... 09Xavxkristinxhatledal.Pdf Krigsheltinne eller tyskarjente? Historia om Dagmar Lahlum - i lys av andre etterretningskvinner Kristin Hatledal Masteroppgåve i historie Institutt for arkeologi, konservering og historie (IAKH) Universitetet i Oslo Våren 2009 Forord Når eg no etter to år avsluttar masteroppgåva mi er det fleire som fortenar ein takk. Aller først vil eg takke rettleiaren min, Gro Hagemann, for fleire fine rettleiingstimar og god hjelp med oppgåva. Eg vil spesielt takke for den gode hjelpa ho har gjeve meg med å få ein skikkeleg struktur på oppgåva. Eg vil også gje ein stor takk til Hans Olav Lahlum, som har vore til veldig god hjelp med oppgåva, både med opplysningar om Dagmar Lahlum, og ved å lese gjennom oppgåva og komme med nyttige kommentarar. I denne samanheng vil eg også takke Tore Pryser, som også har lest gjennom oppgåva mi, og gjeve meg faglege innspel i tilknyting til dette. Under arbeidet med oppgåva har eg vore så heldig å få møte, og intervjue, sju kvinner. Dei har vore veldig hjelpsame, og stilt opp med svar på dei spørsmåla eg har hatt. Utan deira samarbeid hadde denne oppgåva aldri vorte det den er i dag. Så tusen takk til Wenche Tenvig, Wanda Heger, Sonja Barth, Karin-Lise Brænden, Eva Kløvstad, Edith Hegnar og Bibbi Røset. Eg vil også takke alle gode vener for den fine tida eg har hatt her på Blindern, og all den støtta og oppmuntringa eg har fått i dei tidene det har gått litt trått, spesielt vil eg takke Aud Marit. Til slutt vil eg takke familien min og Anders, for at dei har lest gjennom oppgåva mi, og gjeve meg kommentarar på det dei har lest. Men ikkje minst vil eg takke dei for alle gode ord og oppmuntringar på vegen til ei ferdig masteroppgåve. i ii Innhald Forord ..................................................................................................................................................i Forkortingar.......................................................................................................................................v Kapittel 1: Innleiing...........................................................................................................................1 Tema og problemstilling ..................................................................................................................1 Tidlegare forsking ............................................................................................................................2 Metode .............................................................................................................................................8 Kjelder............................................................................................................................................10 Disposisjon.....................................................................................................................................14 Kapittel 2: Norske kvinner i motstandsrørsla under andre verdskrig .......................................17 Innleiing .........................................................................................................................................17 Kvinner i alle typar motstand.........................................................................................................17 Kvinner i leiinga?...........................................................................................................................22 Kven var kvinnene i motstandsrørsla?...........................................................................................26 Ei utviding av motstandsomgrepet.................................................................................................29 Etterretningsarbeid i Noreg under andre verdskrig........................................................................30 Norske kvinner i etterretningsarbeid under andre verdskrig..........................................................32 Samandrag......................................................................................................................................33 Kapittel 3. Dagmar Lahlum: ”Jenta på Ritz” ..............................................................................35 Innleiing .........................................................................................................................................35 Kven er forfattarane av historia om Dagmar Lahlum, og kva kjelder byggjer dei på? .................36 Eddie Chapman..............................................................................................................................37 Dagmar Lahlum .............................................................................................................................40 Kva veit vi ikkje? ...........................................................................................................................44 Spørsmål eg vil drøfte vidare.........................................................................................................45 Samandrag......................................................................................................................................46 Kapittel 4: Dagmar Lahlum: Landssvikar eller motstandskvinne?............................................49 Innleiing .........................................................................................................................................49 Landssvikoppgjeret ........................................................................................................................49 Dagmar Lahlum si landssviksak: Arrestordre og forklaring..........................................................50 Landssvikførelegget til Dagmar Lahlum .......................................................................................52 Straff ved førelegg..........................................................................................................................53 Kvifor vedtok Dagmar Lahlum landssvikførelegget?....................................................................54 Dagmar Lahlum og motstandsarbeid under andre verdskrig. Kva seier kjeldene? .......................57 Deltok Dagmar Lahlum i norsk motstandsrørsle under andre verdskrig? .....................................59 Deltok Dagmar Lahlum i britisk etterretningsarbeid under andre verdskrig? ...............................63 Eit kritisk blikk på kjelda Eddie Chapman ....................................................................................66 Kva motstandsarbeid dreiv Dagmar Lahlum med for MI5?..........................................................71 Kvifor var MI5 så skeptiske til Dagmar Lahlum? .........................................................................73 Samandrag......................................................................................................................................76 iii Kapittel. 5: Dagmar Lahlum: Rettferdig straff?...........................................................................79 Innleiing .........................................................................................................................................79 Korleis har landssvikoppgjeret i Noreg vorte vurdert i ettertid? ...................................................79 Kva handlingar vart straffeforfølgt under landssvikoppgjeret? .....................................................81 Var straffa til Dagmar Lahlum rimeleg i høve til brotsverket? ......................................................85 Kan det ha vore andre forhold enn jobben i Sipo som var avgjerande for straffeutmålinga?........89 Anne Marie Breien: Spion på terrassen .........................................................................................92 Samandrag......................................................................................................................................97 Kapittel 6: Ei samanlikning med andre etterretningskvinner....................................................99 Innleiing .........................................................................................................................................99 Kva etterretningsarbeid utførte kvinnene?...................................................................................100 På kva måte vart seksuelle verkemiddel brukt i etterretningsarbeidet? .......................................103 Kva nettverk hadde kvinnene?.....................................................................................................107 Det rådande samfunnssynet som forklaring på behandlinga etter krigen ....................................110 Livet etter krigen for Anne Marie Breien og Dagmar Lahlum ....................................................113 Samandrag....................................................................................................................................116 Kapittel 7: Konklusjon ..................................................................................................................119 Kva motstandsarbeid dreiv Dagmar Lahlum med?......................................................................119 Fekk Dagmar Lahlum ei rettferdig straff? ...................................................................................120 Kvifor var det skilnad i behandlinga mellom kvinnene? .............................................................121 Vidare forsking.............................................................................................................................122 Avslutning: Var skiljelinjene alltid like klare?
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