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Norges Handelsflåte I Norsk Og Alliert Forsvar

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Norges Handelsflåte I Norsk Og Alliert Forsvar Skipsfartens plass i det vestlige forsvar Etableringen og konsolideringen av skipsfartsberedskap i NATO og Norge 1949-1967 Avhandling til bedømmelse for doktorgrad Det historisk-filosofiske fakultet Universitetet i Bergen Lars Christian Jenssen Institutt for forsvarsstudier 31. mai 2001 Innhold Forord ........................................................................................................................... 6 I Bakgrunn ...................................................................................................................... 7 1 Perspektiver ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Geostrategi .................................................................................................................................... 11 Internasjonalisme og samarbeid .................................................................................................... 14 Hegemoni-teori ............................................................................................................................. 16 ”Fellesgode” og ”myk maktanvendelse” ................................................................................... 17 Regimeorientert hegemoni-teori ............................................................................................... 18 Utenriks- og sikkerhetspolitisk hegemoni-teori ........................................................................ 20 Korporatisme ................................................................................................................................. 23 Innhold og utvikling .................................................................................................................. 23 Perspektivet i norsk og internasjonal historiografi ................................................................... 27 2 Aktører og historiografi.................................................................................................................. 30 Norske aktører ............................................................................................................................... 30 Utenriksdepartementet og skipsfartsavdelingen ....................................................................... 31 Norges Rederforbund ................................................................................................................ 34 Britiske aktører .............................................................................................................................. 36 Amerikanske aktører ..................................................................................................................... 38 Metode og historiografi ................................................................................................................. 39 Avgrensning og fremstillingsform ............................................................................................ 39 Disiplintilhørighet ..................................................................................................................... 40 Kildegrunnlag ............................................................................................................................ 43 Forskning og litteratur ............................................................................................................... 45 3 Skipsfarten i to verdenskriger: Den norske, korporative ledelse og det transatlantiske samarbeid ............................................ 51 Det norske korporative samarbeid ................................................................................................ 52 1917: Forhandlinger mellom NR og britiske myndigheter ....................................................... 52 1940-45: Forhandlinger og drift gjennom Nortraship ............................................................... 54 Den norske korporative erfaring ............................................................................................... 56 Etableringen av allierte skipsfartskomiteer ................................................................................... 58 1917-18: Allied Maritime Transport Council ........................................................................... 58 1942-43 og 1944-46: Combined Shipping Adjustment Board og United Maritime Authority ................................... 60 Norge og de allierte skipsfartskomiteene ...................................................................................... 64 2 II Forspill, 1948-1949 ................................................................................................ 66 4 Forsvarshensyn og privilegiepolitikk ............................................................................................ 68 Hensynet til skipsfarten i amerikansk politikk .............................................................................. 69 NRs diplomatiske offensiv ............................................................................................................ 70 5 Møtet i Washington ......................................................................................................................... 76 Uformelle samtaler og rykter om møte ......................................................................................... 77 Norske forberedelser ..................................................................................................................... 78 Samling i Washington ................................................................................................................... 81 Norge og skipsfartsforhandlingene ............................................................................................... 86 Den norske innstilling ............................................................................................................... 89 III Opprettelse, 1950-1951 ............................................................................................. 96 6 Knocking a little sense into the Norwegians ................................................................................. 98 Kravet om en ny begynnelse ......................................................................................................... 99 Møter i London ........................................................................................................................... 106 Statistikk-innsamlingen ........................................................................................................... 108 I eller utenfor NATO? ................................................................................................................. 110 7 Skipsfarten inn i NATO ............................................................................................................... 113 Amerikansk press ........................................................................................................................ 114 Betalingsspørsmålet og Terms of Reference ............................................................................... 116 Det norske forslaget ................................................................................................................ 116 Vedtaket i NATO-rådet ............................................................................................................... 122 Diskusjonen i Norge .................................................................................................................... 123 Konstituering ............................................................................................................................... 125 8 ”Rettferdig og rimelig” ................................................................................................................. 129 Krigstidsapparatet ....................................................................................................................... 131 DSA-planen ............................................................................................................................. 131 Prinsipper for kontroll av handelsskipene ........................................................................... 132 Betalingsspørsmålet ................................................................................................................ 133 Ratefastsettelsen .................................................................................................................. 135 DSEBs sammensetning og funksjon ....................................................................................... 136 Formaliseringen av fredstidssamarbeidet .................................................................................... 139 Diskusjonen om PBOS-sekretariater ...................................................................................... 139 ITF-representasjon i skipsfartssamarbeidet ............................................................................. 141 9 Norsk tilpasning ............................................................................................................................ 144 Tilslutningen ............................................................................................................................... 145 En fullmaktslov for rekvisisjon av skipsfarten ........................................................................... 147 3 Bakgrunn ................................................................................................................................
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