DOCSLIB.ORG

Journal of European Integration History Revue D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Journal of European Integration History Revue D 00_Editorial_01.book Seite 1 Dienstag, 22. Mai 2001 9:16 09 JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION HISTORY REVUE D’HISTOIRE DE L’INTÉGRATION EUROPÉENNE ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR GESCHICHTE DER EUROPÄISCHEN INTEGRATION edited by the Groupe de liaison des professeurs d’histoire contemporaine auprès de la Commission européenne 2001, Volume 7, Number 1 00_Editorial_01.book Seite 2 Dienstag, 22. Mai 2001 9:16 09 The Liaison Committee of Historians came into being in 1982 as a result of an important international symposium that the Commission had organized in Luxembourg to launch historical research on Euro- pean integration. The committee is composed of historians of the European Union member countries who work on contemporary history. The Liaison Committee: – gathers and conveys information about work on European history after the Second World War; – advises the European Union on research projects concerning contemporary European history. Thus, the Liaison Committee was commissioned to make publicly available the archives of the Community institutions; – enables researchers to make better use of the archival sources; – promotes research meetings to get an update of work in progress and to stimulate new research: seven research conferences have been organized and their proceedings published. The Journal of European Integration History – Revue d’histoire de l’intégration européenne – Zeitschrift für Geschichte der europäischen Integration is in line with the preoccupations of the Liaison Committee. Being the first history journal to deal exclusively with the history of European Integration, the Journal offers the increasing number of young historians devoting their research to contemporary Europe, a permanent forum. The Liaison Committee is supported by the European Commission, but works completely independ- ently and according to historians’ critical method. ❋ Le Groupe de liaison des professeurs d’histoire contemporaine auprès de la Commission des Communautés européennes s’est constitué en 1982 à la suite d’un grand colloque que la Commis- sion avait organisé à Luxembourg pour lancer la recherche historique sur la construction euro- péenne. Il regroupe des professeurs d’université des pays membres de l’Union européenne, spécialistes d’histoire contemporaine. Le Groupe de liaison a pour mission: – de diffuser l’information sur les travaux portant sur l’histoire de l’Europe après la Seconde Guerre mondiale; – de conseiller l’Union européenne sur les actions scientifiques à entreprendre avec son appui; ainsi le Groupe de liaison a assuré une mission concernant la mise à la disposition du public des archi- ves des institutions communautaires; – d’aider à une meilleure utilisation par les chercheurs des moyens de recherche mis à leur disposi- tion (archives, sources orales...); – d’encourager des rencontres scientifiques afin de faire le point sur les connaissances acquises et de susciter de nouvelles recherches: sept grands colloques ont été organisés et leurs actes publiés. L’édition du Journal of European Integration History – Revue d’histoire de l’intégration européenne – Zeitschrift für Geschichte der europäischen Integration se situe dans le droit fil des préoccupati- ons du Groupe de liaison. Première revue d’histoire à se consacrer exclusivement à l’histoire de la construction européenne, le Journal se propose de fournir un forum permanent au nombre crois- sant de jeunes historiens vouant leurs recherches à l’Europe contemporaine. Le Groupe de liaison bénéficie du soutien de la Commission européenne. Ses colloques et publica- tions se font en toute indépendance et conformément à la méthode critique qui est celle des historiens. 00_Editorial_01.book Seite 3 Dienstag, 22. Mai 2001 9:16 09 JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION HISTORY REVUE D’HISTOIRE DE L’INTÉGRATION EUROPÉENNE ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR GESCHICHTE DER EUROPÄISCHEN INTEGRATION 2001, Volume 7, Number 1 Peripheral countries and the Integration of Europe Fernando GUIRAO, coordinator Fernando GUIRAO Introduction ............................................................................................... 5 Maurice FITZGERALD Ireland's Relations With the EEC: From the Treaties of Rome to Membership ......................................... 11 Nicolau ANDRESEN-LEITÃO Portugal's European Integration Policy, 1947-72 ............................... 25 Birgit ASCHMANN The Reliable Ally: Germany Supports Spain's European Integration Efforts, 1957-67 ................................................................... 37 Tapani PAAVONEN From Isolation to the Core: Finland's Position towards European Integration, 1960-95 ............................................................. 53 Hans-Otto FRØLAND Choosing the Periphery: The Political Economy of Norway's European Integration Policy, 1948-73................................. 77 Ziya ÖNIS An Awkward Partnership: Turkey's Relations with the European Union in Comparative-Historical Perspective ...........105 Book reviews – Comptes rendus – Buchbesprechungen..................121 Abstracts – Résumés – Zusammenfassungen ...................................137 Contributors - Auteurs - Autoren ........................................................ 143 Books received – Livres reçus – Eingegangene Bücher ..................145 00_Editorial_01.book Seite 4 Dienstag, 22. Mai 2001 9:16 09 Beilagenhinweis: Dieser Ausgabe liegt ein Prospekt der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft bei. Wir bitten freundlichst um Beachtung. Editorial notice Articles for inclusion in this journal may be submitted at any time. The editorial board will then arrange for the article to be refereed. Articles should not be longer than 6000 words, footnotes included. They may be in English, French or German. Articles submitted to the Journal should be original contributions and not be submitted to any other publication at the same time as to the Journal of European Integration History. Authors should retain a copy of their article. The publisher and editors cannot accept responsibility for loss of or damage to authors’ typescripts or disks. The accuracy of, and views expressed in articles and reviews are the sole responsibility of the authors. Authors should ensure that typescripts conform with the journal style. Prospective contributors should obtain further guidelines from the Editorial Secretariat. Articles, reviews, communications relating to articles and books for review should be sent to the Editorial Secretariat. Citation The Journal of European Integration History may be cited as follows: JEIH, (Year)/(Number), (Page). ISSN 0947-9511 © 2001 NOMOS Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden and the Groupe de liaison des professeurs d’histoire contemporaine auprès de la Commission européenne. Printed in Germany. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publishers. 00_Editorial_01.book Seite 5 Dienstag, 22. Mai 2001 9:16 09 5 INTRODUCTION Fernando Guirao The historiography of European integration has traditionally focused on five central questions – the emergence of the various European Communities, the process of institution-building and policy consolidation of each community, the relations among the Six, their relations with the United Kingdom, and the role played by the United States. In recent years, the European countries left outside of the original Six, and the problems they consequently faced, have received increasing attention. The present volume of the Journal of European Integration History (JEIH) is an attempt to cast further light on countries rarely examined in standard historical accounts of European integration. The Editorial Board of the JEIH approved a spe- cial volume under the general theme of “Peripheral countries and the Integration of Europe” because it was interested in analysing how the less resourceful countries among those excluded from the Treaty of Rome perceived, and reacted, to the con- sequences of exclusion. The concept of periphery adopted here is quite simple: it concerns those countries that have received scant attention in historiographical terms (or in some cases, have been totally ignored). The case studies contained in this volume refer to Finland, Ireland, Norway, Portugal, Spain and Turkey. While a wider range of countries would have been de- sirable, the JEIH Editorial Board was restrained by the papers presented and the outcome of the peer-review process. The time span covered varies from country to country. For Ireland and Finland the period between the signature of the Treaty of Rome and European Community (EC)/European Union (EU) membership is treat- ed as fully as the availability of archival sources permits. In the case of Norway, the author covers the period 1948-73 with the intention of explaining the disparity between the Norwegian government, which successfully negotiated Community membership by 1972, and the people’s decision to reject the accession terms in a referendum. Regarding Portugal, the author deals with the country’s European inte- gration policies during and immediately after Salazar’s autocratic reign. The fact that access to archives ends with the 1974 Revolution determined the author’s deci- sion. The Spanish experience between 1957 and 1967, when official Spain-Europe- an Economie Community (EEC) negotiations began, is analysed from the German viewpoint. Finally, in the contribution on Turkey, there is much historical back- ground that helps in understanding this
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1705802 Project ID
    THE WORLD BANK GROUP ARCHIVES PUBLIC DISCLOSURE AUTHORIZED Folder Title: General Development Project - Norway - Loan 0115 - P037467 - Negotiations - Volume 2 Folder ID: 1705802 Project ID: P037467 Dates: 3/31/1955 – 4/19/1955 Fonds: Records of the Europe and Central Asia Regional Vice Presidency ISAD Reference Code: WB IBRD/IDA ECA Digitized: 7/19/2018 To cite materials from this archival folder, please follow the following format: [Descriptive name of item], [Folder Title], Folder ID [Folder ID], World Bank Group Archives, Washington, D.C., United States. The records in this folder were created or received by The World Bank in the course of its business. The records that were created by the staff of The World Bank are subject to the Bank’s copyright. Please refer to http://www.worldbank.org/terms-of-use-earchives for full copyright terms of use and disclaimers. THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. © International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / International Development Association or The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org II -NQRWA.Y - Negotiations (l.l.~NO)- ~~ 1H1 11111111111111rm1rn mrn1111r ~~· 1705802 General Development Pr . Al 995-063 Other #· 4 DECLASSIFIED Negotiations - Volum e 2 o1ect- Norway- Loan 011.5 - P037467Box# _ 1709718 WITH RESTRICTIONS WBG Archives • s t • .. C 0 • p y April 15, 1955 Dear Mro Perouse: I refer to our discussion this afternoon about para­ graph 31 of the President's Report and RecOlllll.endations on the proposed loan of $25 million to the Kingdom of Norway. As I mentioned then, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Opiskelijakirjaston Verkkojulkaisu 2007
    Opiskelijakirjaston verkkojulkaisu 2007 Reprinted from "The European Idea: The Scandinavian answer. Norwegian attitudes towards a Closer Scandinavian Economic Cooperation 1947-1959" by Ingrid Sogner from Scandinavian Journal of History, www.tandf.no/sjhist, 1993,18(4), 307-327, by permission of Taylor & Francis Tämä aineisto on julkaistu verkossa oikeudenhaltijoiden luvalla. Aineistoa ei saa kopioida, levittää tai saattaa muuten yleisön saataviin ilman oikeudenhaltijoiden lupaa. Aineiston verkko-osoitteeseen saa viitata vapaasti. Aineistoa saa opiskelua, opettamista ja tutkimusta varten tulostaa omaan käyttöön muutamia kappaleita. www.opiskelijakirjasto.lib.helsinki.fi [email protected] 307 The European Idea: The Scandinavian Answer Norwegian Attitudes Towards a Closer Scandinavian Economic Cooperation 1947-19591 Ingrid Sogner In 1947 the Norwegian government proposed to extend economic cooperation between the Nordic countries. 2 This suggestion launched twelve years of thorough investigations; the options considered included the establishment of a Scandinavian customs union - a suggestion never to be realized. In 1959 EFTA was instead established, with the three Scandinavian countries included among the seven founding countries. Contemporary observers claimed that the Scandinavian cus- toms union henceforth ". at most would serve as a subject for dissertations for future researchers on Nordic cooperation".3 This article is based on my dissertation on the plans for a Scandinavian customs union, and the Norwegian attitude towards these. Norway has been judged, both by contemporaries and in hindsight by researchers, to be the most reluctant among the Scandinavian countries towards Scandinavian cooperation and a Scandinavian customs union. This conclusion will be discussed and modified in this article. My argument is that Norway throughout this period pursued a fairly consistent and positive policy towards closer Scandi- Ingrid Sogner, born 1964, Cand.
    [Show full text]
  • The Norwegian Experience
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Bjerkholt, Olav Working Paper Markets, models and planning: The Norwegian experience Memorandum, No. 2005,14 Provided in Cooperation with: Department of Economics, University of Oslo Suggested Citation: Bjerkholt, Olav (2005) : Markets, models and planning: The Norwegian experience, Memorandum, No. 2005,14, University of Oslo, Department of Economics, Oslo This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/63196 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu MEMORANDUM No 14/2005 Markets, models and planning: the Norwegian experience Olav Bjerkholt ISSN: 0801-1117 Department of Economics University of Oslo This series is published by the In co-operation with University of Oslo The Frisch Centre for Economic Department of Economics Research P.
    [Show full text]
  • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Accord
    GENERAL AGREEMENT ACCORD GENERAL SUR ON TARIFFS AND LES TARIFS DOUANIERS TWELVE/4/feev.l TRADE ET LE COMMERCE TU October 1957 Special Distribution CONTRACTING PARTIES PARTIES CONTRACTANTES Twelfth Session Douzième Session LIST OF REPRESENTATIVES**- LISTE DES REPRESENTANTS** Revision AUSTRALIA Representatives Dr. W.A. Westerman, O.B.E. Deputy Secretary, Department of Trade, Leader of delegation Mr. E.P. IlcClintock First Assistant Secretary, Trade and Industries Division, Department of Trade, Deputy Leader of delegation. *Mr. O.A. Jockel Permanent Representative to the European Office of the United. Nations Mr. J.ff. Richardson Deputy Assiatant Secretary, Commercial Policy Branch, Trade Policy Division, Department of Trade Dr. R.J. Whitelaw Acting Assistant Secretary, Financial and Economic Policy Branchf Department of the Treasury Mr. J.T. Smith Trade Relations Adviser, Office of the High Commissioner in the United Kingdom Wife present Mr. M.W. Oakley Head, Policy Secretariat, Department of Primary Industry Changes to this list should be reported in writing to the Conference Office A,660« ** Toute modification qu'il y aurait lieu d'apporter à cette liste devra être signalé par écrit au bureau de la Conférence A.660. TWELVEA/Rev.l Page 2 AUSTRALIA (continued) • Representatives Mr. D.J. Pekin Tariff Policy Officer, Tariff Divison, Department of Trade Joint Secretaries of the Mr. J.H.W. Dean delegation Tariff Revision Officer, Tariff Division, Department of Trade Mr. W.R, Lawson Chief Tariff Officer, Department of Customs and Excise, *Mr. N.S. Currie Permanent Mission to the European Office of the United Nations Secretaries Miss 0, Harrison Miss D. Atkins AUSTRIA Ministerial representative Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNE KATRINE SENSTAD B. Oslo, Norway Lives and Works in New York
    ANNE KATRINE SENSTAD b. Oslo, Norway Lives and works in New York EDUCATION 1999 16 mm Film, The New School for Social Research, New York 1994 BFA Hons Fine Art of Photography, Parsons School of Design, New York 1990 Photo/Video Studies, University of California, Berkeley SOLO EXHIBITIONS 2015 The Vanity of Vanities, 56th Venice Biennale, El Magazen dell’Arte, cur. Dr Roberta Semeraro, org. by RO.SA.M. 2013 State of Space, SALT (Saltarelli Salong), Oslo, cur. Bjørn Hatterud 2012 Site-specific installation Kinesthesia for Saint Brigid, St Brigid’s Centre for the Arts, Ottawa, Canada, cur. Celina Jeffery 2011 Kinesthesia in Kvinesdal, Utsikten Kunstsenter, Norway, cur. Torill Haugen 2011 The Infinity of Colour, ThisIsNotAGallery, Buenos Aires, cur. Carlos Baragali Stiftelsen 2011 Is Her Name Red?, Bergen, cur. Malin Barth 2009 The Reason for My Life, Eva Peron Museum in conjunction with VIBA Buenos Aires, Argentina, cur. Carlos Baragali and Andrew Utt 2009 The Sugarcane Labyrinth, 1.4-acre agricultural site-specific installation, with KK Projects, New Orleans, Theriot, LA 2009 Real Estate Representation, site-specific installation, KK Projects, New Orleans, LA 2009 Diaspora USA Chapter, The Lab for Performance and Installation Art, cur. KJ Bajsa 2008 Translating Raw, Gallery Nine5, New York, cur. Sebastien LePelletier 2008 Light Words, White Neon, Zendai MOMA, Shanghai, cur. Liz Coppens 2007 Light Writes Always in Plural, Houston Center for Photography, TX, cur. Madeline Yale 2007 Light Writes Always in Plural, Björn Ressle Gallery, New York, cur. Björn Ressle 2005 The Norwegians, Trygve Lie Gallery, New York, with artist book release 2002 ONE, Galleri JMS, Oslo, cur.
    [Show full text]
  • Bilderberger Is the the Group Which Created For
    BILDERBERGER IS THE THE GROUP WHICH CREATED FOR THE PURPOSE TO IMPLEMENT THE GLOBAL PLAN OF THE CABAL & SET IT INTO MOTION & ACTION BY USING THESE FINANCE GEOPOLITICAL PLATFORMS & MASSMEDIO, REPRESENTED BY THOSE WHO ATTENDED & REPRESENTED THEIR COUNTRY. AND WHEN THEY ARRIVED HOME THEY SET IT INTO MOTION AS A POLITICAL PROPOSAL WITH THE AGENDA TO CHANGE THE LAW OR IMPLEMENT A NEW SOCIAL STRUCTURES & RULES FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE ELITE, CABAL, BANKES & CORPORATIONS. THEY ARE JUST PUPPETS FOR THE CABAL AGENDA. NOW THESE INTERNATIONAL LEADERS WILL BE ARRESTED, AS THEY REPRESENT CRIMINAL ACTIONS AGAINST THE HUMAN POPULATION & BREAKINFG THE COMMON LAW AND THE UNIVERSAL LAW WICH FURTHE HAS BEEN REFERCED TO AS THE EVENT AND MASSARRESTS. THIS IS JUST AS SMALL PART OF THE EVENT. Here you find the the finance geopolitical elite in Norway which has joined the force of the criminal corrupted cabal, mostly through the structure of BILDERBERG GROUP and FREEMASON but others aswell. Norwegian Bilderberger in the period from the period of 1991 and forward Arcived under: Bilderberger, Brundtland, Eu, Jensen, Myklebust, NWO, Rockefeller, Siv, Stoltenberg on april 23, 2007 at 1:33 am http://21917.vgb.no/2007/04/23/norske-bilderbergere/ Infor from the website: http://www.bilderberg.org/1991.htm 1991: Arne Olav Bruntland (Professor) Per Ditlev-Simonsen (Businessman) Niels Warring (Banker) 1993: Erik G.; Managing Director and CEO, Braathens SAFE Westye Hoegh; Chairman of the Board, Leif Hoegh & Co AS Niels Warring; Director, Wilh. Wilhelmson Limited AS 1994: Westye Hoegh, chairman of the board, Leif Hoegh & Co. AS; president, Norwegian Shipowners’ Association.
    [Show full text]
  • Beretning 1958
    1958 DET NORSKE ARBEIDERPARTI - DET NORSKE ARBEIDERPARTI BERETNING 1958 UTARBEIDET VED PARTIKONTORET 1959 AKTIETRYKKERIET · OSLO ' INNH OLDSFORTE GNELSE Side Os car Torp . 5 Innledning . 8 Sentralsty re t . 10 Partik ontore t . 10 Land sstyre t. 10 Landsstyrem øte ne . 11 Komitee r og utv alg . 11 Sam arbeidsk om itee n . 12 Fe llesmøte r . 12 Os car Torps Minnefond . 13 Nord isk og Inte rnasj onalt sam arbeid . 13 Kommunalt arbe id . 14 Faglig-p olitisk arbeid . 15 Arbe idet blant funksj onære r og yrker med høye re utd anning . 15 Org anis as jons arbeid. 16 Sekretærene . 17 Me dlemsoversikt . 19 Conrad Mohr og Chr. Holte rm ann Knudsens stip end. 19 Re prese ntasj on på distrik tsp artienes årsmøte r. 20 Vå re org anis asj onsprob le me r . 20 1. mai..................................... .............. ...... 21 Storting og Re gj ering . 33 Kvinnesekretariate t. 46 Arbeide rnes Ungd omsfy lk ing . 55 Framfy lk inge n . 63 Arbe ide rnes Op plys ningsf orb und . 67 Arbe ide rnes Avh olds lands lag . 68 Arbe ide rb evege lse ns Arkiv . 69 Arbeide rblad et og Aktietrykkeriet . 72 Arbe id ernes Pressek ontor . 73 A-presse n 1958 . 74 Oscar Torp, partiets formann fra 1923 til 1939, døde plutselig i året som gikk - på selveste 1. mai-dagen, hans og vår store festdag. På alle kom mel­ dingen som et sjokk da den gikk ut i kringkastingens 19-nyheter, og overalt ble de planlagte festligheter om kvelden enten lagt om eller helt innstilt. De som sto Torp nær visste at han var sliten, en livslang forgrunnsinnsats unnlater ikke å øve sin virkning, selv på den sterkeste fysikk.
    [Show full text]
  • CORVI-MORA JUHA PEKKA MATIAS LAAKKONEN Born in Helsinki
    CORVI-MORA JUHA PEKKA MATIAS LAAKKONEN Born in Helsinki, Finland 1982 Lives in Helsinki, Finland and Skövde, Sweden 2005 Nordic Art School in Kokkola, Kokkola, Finland 2009 Yakutsk State University, Yakutsk, Russia 2006-2011 MFA, Malmö Art Academy, Malmö, Sweden Solo Exhibitions 2019 “See Through Golden Eye”, Kunstverein München, Munich 2017 “Osan otto", Kohta, Helsinki “First Seconds” Corvi-Mora, London 2015 “Within a Hollow Sphere”, Corvi-Mora, London 2014 "Tsimtsum", The /// Project, Bergen, Norway 2012 "Suuri Sinetinpainaja Ja Kaupungin Marjat", Malonioji 6, Vilnius, Lithuania 2011 "Entrance", Johan Berggren Gallery, Malmö, Sweden "Kastepiste", KHM Gallery, Malmö, Sweden Selected Group Exhibitions 2019 Condo with blank projects, greengrassi, Proyectos Ultravioleta and Sagrada Mercancía 2016 "Trekking in Time", Ystads Konstmuseum, Ystad "I Went to the Woods: The artist as wanderer", Lewis Glucksman Gallery, Cork “Hybrid(...)scapes”, Nida Art Colony of Vilnius Academy of Arts, Vilnius 2015 “Double Blind”, Rupert, Vilnius "Disappearing Acts", Lofoten International Art Festival, Svolvær 2014 "Don’t You Know Who I Am? Art after Identity Politics", MHKA, Antwerp, Belgium (cat) 2012 "Genius Loci", Klaipeda Culture Communication Centre, Klaipeda, Lithuania "Dear Gertrud", Pleasant Gallery, Copenhagen, Denmark "Lyhytelokuvafestivaali", Art Goes Kapakka, Helsinki, Finland 2009 "Authentic Forgeries", KHM Gallery, Malmö, Sweden Performances 2009 "Speech Contest", Yakutsk State University, Yakutsk, Russia 2006 "Two in Line", La-Bás, Helsinki, Finland Bibliography 2017 Caroline Douglas, “Juha Pekka Matias Laakkonen at Corvi-Mora and Aaron Angell at Rob Tuffnel”, Contemporary Art Society, October 28 1a Kempsford Road, London, SE11 4NU T: 020 7840 9111 F: 020 7840 9112 Twenty2 Limited trading as Corvi-Mora is a Limited Company incorporated in the United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • TRYGVE HAAVELMO (ECONOMICS, 1989) Olav Bjerkholt
    Olav Njølstad (ed.) Norwegian Nobel Prize Laureates From Bjørnson to Kydland TRYGVE HAAVELMO (ECONOMICS, 1989) Olav Bjerkholt Translated from Norwegian by Chris Saunders Universitetsforlaget © Universitetsforlaget 2006 ISBN-13: 978-82-15-00698-7 ISBN-10: 82-15-00698-1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Universitetsforlaget. Enquiries should be sent to the Rights Department, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, at the address below. TRYGVE HAAVELMO Economics, 1989 Olav Bjerkholt INTRODUCTION Trygve Haavelmo was born at Skedsmo in 1911 and grew up in Strømmen. His antecedents were farmers in Hallingdal, but his father had left the family farm to pursue a career in teaching. Haavelmo sat his university entrance exam (“artium”) in 1930, studied economics and graduated in 1933 with a cand.oecon degree. During his last two years at university he attended lectures by Ragnar Frisch, who had recently returned from the US. Haavelmo’s time at university coincided with the worst years of the Depression. According to what he divulged many years later, he was initially attracted to philology or some form of engineering, but opted for economics because the course’s brevity meant it could be completed in three years. Frisch probably recognised Haavelmo’s talent for research at the statistics seminars which formed part of his studies. After graduating, Haavelmo was offered a research assistant job at Frisch’s Institute of Economics. This was the start of an apprenticeship from 1933 to 1937 at Frisch’s statistical laboratory.
    [Show full text]
  • I Samarbeid / Skriftserien 52
    KNUT GETZ WOLD I SAMARBEID NORGES BANKS SKRIFTSERIE OCCASIONAL PAPERS NO. 52 Norges Banks skriftserie / Occasional Papers can be ordered by e-mail: [email protected] or from Norges Bank, Subscription Service P.O. Box 1179 Sentrum N-0107 Oslo ©Norges Bank 2017 The text may be quoted or referred to, provided that due acknowledgement is given to the authors and Norges Bank. Views and conclusions expressed in this paper are the responsibility of the authors alone. NORGES BANKS SKRIFTSERIE Nr. 52 I samarbeid Knut Getz Wold i “˙KGWmain1href” — 2017/11/15 — 15:37 — page ii — #2 i i i i i i i i i “˙KGWmain1href” — 2017/11/15 — 15:37 — page ii — #2 i “˙KGWmain1href” — 2017/11/15 — 15:37 — page iii — #3 i i i i i iii Forord Denne utgaven av Norges Banks Skriftserie inneholder memoarene til Knut Getz Wold, formann i Norges Banks direksjon 1970-1985 og nestformann 1958-1970. Manuskriptet ble til i perioden fra Getz Wold fratrådte sin stilling 1. april 1985 fram til han døde 9. oktober 1987 og ble maskinskrevet av Getz Wolds sekretær gjennom mange år, Solveig Andresen. Det var opprinnelig tenkt å bli utgitt som bok, noe som ikke skjedde. Getz Wolds upubliserte memoarer har blitt brukt som kildemateriale i forbindelse med bøkene som ble utgitt til Norges Banks 200-års-jubileum i 2016. I likhet med det øvrige materialet som har blitt produsert som bakgrunnsstoff for jubileumsbøkene, ønsker Norges Bank å gjøre memoarene offentlig tilgjengelige. Memoarene kan sees på som tidsvitneskildringer fra en person som gjennom mange tiår satt i sentrale posisjoner i statsforvaltningen.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    10891 Public Disclosure Authorized International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Public Disclosure Authorized WORLD BAN K Public Disclosure Authorized FIFT1ENTH ANNUAL REPORT * 1959-1960 Public Disclosure Authorized Fifteenth Annual Report co0 n t e n t s PRESIDENT'S LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL .2 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS . 3 THE YEAR'S ACTIVITIES . 4 General .5.. S The Year's Lending . 10 Financial Operations . 11 Technical Assistance . 14 COUNTRY-BY-COUNTRY ANNEX . 19 Africa . 19 Asia and the Middle East . 23 Europe . .. .... 29 Western Hemisphere . 31 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS A Balance Sheet . 36 B Statement of Income and Expenses . 38 C Currencies Held by the Bank . 39 D Subscriptions to Capital Stock and Voting Power . 40 E Summary Statement of Loans . 41 F Funded Debt of the Bank . 42 G Notes to Financial Statements . 44 OPINION OF INDEPENDENT AUDITOR . 46 OTHER APPENDICES H Administrative Budget . 47 I Governors and Alternates . 48 J Executive Directors and Alternates. 49 K Statement of Loans . 50 L Principal Officers of the Bank . 58 International Bank for Reconstruction and Develonment September27, 1960 My dear Mr. Chairman: In accordance with Section 10 of the By-Laws of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, I have been authorized by the Execu- tive Directors to submit to the Board of Governors this Annual Report of the Bank for the fiscal year July 1, 1959 to June 30, 1960. The first section of this year's Report surveys the various activities of the Bank in the fiscal year. An Annex follows, giving a country-by-country summary of the year's operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Elite Images and Foreign Policy Outcomes
    Elite Images and Foreign Policy Outcomes A Study of Norway PHILIP M. BURGESS $6.25 Elite Images and Foreign Policy Outcomes A Study of Norway BY PHILIP M. BURGESS In the past two decades, the application of the combined skills of various disciplines to the study of those forces that exert a decisive influence in the formulation of foreign pol­ icy has brought increased recognition of the role of social-psychological factors in the decision-making process. To date, however, the significance of the "strategic image" held by any nation's governing elite, by which it selectively defines and evaluates the coun­ try's international position as a determinant of its foreign policy, has been almost totally neglected. By concentrating attention specifically on the strategic images held by successive Nor­ wegian leaders in the 1940's, and by tracing the evolution of the security concept that, in 1949, resulted in Norway's decision to renounce its neutrality and to join the North Atlantic Alliance, Mr. Burgess is able to demonstrate conclusively that an under­ standing of the security image held by the Norwegian authoritative elite serves to ex­ plain on what basis the makers of foreign- policy decisions found options confronting them either acceptable or unacceptable. He finds, furthermore, that the failure of the attempt in 1949 to establish a joint Scandi­ navian defense system, in response to shared societal and political goals clearly working in favor of common policies and programs, is directly attributable to a fundamental dis­ parity in the security concepts of the nego­ tiating parties that effectively prevented their concluding a mutually acceptable defense pact.
    [Show full text]