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Journal of European Integration History Revue D
00_Editorial_01.book Seite 1 Dienstag, 22. Mai 2001 9:16 09 JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION HISTORY REVUE D’HISTOIRE DE L’INTÉGRATION EUROPÉENNE ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR GESCHICHTE DER EUROPÄISCHEN INTEGRATION edited by the Groupe de liaison des professeurs d’histoire contemporaine auprès de la Commission européenne 2001, Volume 7, Number 1 00_Editorial_01.book Seite 2 Dienstag, 22. Mai 2001 9:16 09 The Liaison Committee of Historians came into being in 1982 as a result of an important international symposium that the Commission had organized in Luxembourg to launch historical research on Euro- pean integration. The committee is composed of historians of the European Union member countries who work on contemporary history. The Liaison Committee: – gathers and conveys information about work on European history after the Second World War; – advises the European Union on research projects concerning contemporary European history. Thus, the Liaison Committee was commissioned to make publicly available the archives of the Community institutions; – enables researchers to make better use of the archival sources; – promotes research meetings to get an update of work in progress and to stimulate new research: seven research conferences have been organized and their proceedings published. The Journal of European Integration History – Revue d’histoire de l’intégration européenne – Zeitschrift für Geschichte der europäischen Integration is in line with the preoccupations of the Liaison Committee. Being the first history journal to deal exclusively with the history of European Integration, the Journal offers the increasing number of young historians devoting their research to contemporary Europe, a permanent forum. The Liaison Committee is supported by the European Commission, but works completely independ- ently and according to historians’ critical method. -
1705802 Project ID
THE WORLD BANK GROUP ARCHIVES PUBLIC DISCLOSURE AUTHORIZED Folder Title: General Development Project - Norway - Loan 0115 - P037467 - Negotiations - Volume 2 Folder ID: 1705802 Project ID: P037467 Dates: 3/31/1955 – 4/19/1955 Fonds: Records of the Europe and Central Asia Regional Vice Presidency ISAD Reference Code: WB IBRD/IDA ECA Digitized: 7/19/2018 To cite materials from this archival folder, please follow the following format: [Descriptive name of item], [Folder Title], Folder ID [Folder ID], World Bank Group Archives, Washington, D.C., United States. The records in this folder were created or received by The World Bank in the course of its business. The records that were created by the staff of The World Bank are subject to the Bank’s copyright. Please refer to http://www.worldbank.org/terms-of-use-earchives for full copyright terms of use and disclaimers. THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. © International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / International Development Association or The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org II -NQRWA.Y - Negotiations (l.l.~NO)- ~~ 1H1 11111111111111rm1rn mrn1111r ~~· 1705802 General Development Pr . Al 995-063 Other #· 4 DECLASSIFIED Negotiations - Volum e 2 o1ect- Norway- Loan 011.5 - P037467Box# _ 1709718 WITH RESTRICTIONS WBG Archives • s t • .. C 0 • p y April 15, 1955 Dear Mro Perouse: I refer to our discussion this afternoon about para graph 31 of the President's Report and RecOlllll.endations on the proposed loan of $25 million to the Kingdom of Norway. As I mentioned then, Mr. -
E Items-In-Middle East - Country Files - Jordan
UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page Date 14/06/2006 Time 9:23:28 AM S-0899-0009-03-00001 Expanded Number S-0899-0009-03-00001 ™e Items-in-Middle East - country files - Jordan Date Created 23/02/1979 Record Type Archival Item Container s-0899-0009: Peacekeeping - Middle East 1945-1981 Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit sr Room No. — No de bureau Extension - Poste Date *" \\ ^— — 17 Dec. 1980 . FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL X POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE X POUR SIGNATURE FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE DISCUSS? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER ? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION COM.6 (a-7B) THE SECRETARY-GENERAL 19 December 1980 Excellency, I wish to refer to your lette^" of 11 December 1980 and to your statement in riom: of reply in the plenary on 16 December concerning your objections to certain recent press releases/Issued by the Department of Public Information. In accordance with assurance given through the President of the Genera I have had both instances thoroughly restigated by Mr. Yasushi Akashi, Under-Secreta -General for Public Information, I have been informe the results of this investigation, and Mr. Akashi hasywritten to you in detail of his findings, As Mr. Akashi has already told you, these inaccuracies arose from inadvertent mistakes and the necessary steps have been taken to prevent their repetition. I sincerely hope that the? matter has therefore been clarified to your full satisfaction and I very much regret the trouble and inconvenience these unfortunate occurrences have caused you. -
By Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
FROM DIWAN TO PALACE: JORDANIAN TRIBAL POLITICS AND ELECTIONS by LAURA C. WEIR Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Adviser: Dr. Pete Moore Department of Political Science CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2013 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Laura Weir candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree *. Pete Moore, Ph.D (chair of the committee) Vincent E. McHale, Ph.D. Kelly McMann, Ph.D. Neda Zawahri, Ph.D. (date) October 19, 2012 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables v List of Maps and Illustrations viii List of Abbreviations x CHAPTERS 1. RESEARCH PUZZLE AND QUESTIONS Introduction 1 Literature Review 6 Tribal Politics and Elections 11 Case Study 21 Potential Challenges of the Study 30 Conclusion 35 2. THE HISTORY OF THE JORDANIAN ―STATE IN SOCIETY‖ Introduction 38 The First Wave: Early Development, pre-1921 40 The Second Wave: The Arab Revolt and the British, 1921-1946 46 The Third Wave: Ideological and Regional Threats, 1946-1967 56 The Fourth Wave: The 1967 War and Black September, 1967-1970 61 Conclusion 66 3. SCARCE RESOURCES: THE STATE, TRIBAL POLITICS, AND OPPOSITION GROUPS Introduction 68 How Tribal Politics Work 71 State Institutions 81 iii Good Governance Challenges 92 Guests in Our Country: The Palestinian Jordanians 101 4. THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES: FAILURE OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND THE RISE OF TRIBAL POLITICS Introduction 118 Political Threats and Opportunities, 1921-1970 125 The Political Significance of Black September 139 Tribes and Parties, 1989-2007 141 The Muslim Brotherhood 146 Conclusion 152 5. -
Democratic Reform in Jordan?
Policy Paper Democratic Reform in Jordan? Calls for political reform in Jordan have come at a time when there is no popular political pressure or Expectations After the protest movement in the streets, as was the case during the Arab Spring, and - unexpectedly - after the parliamentary elections. King’s Recent Call to Review As a result, political elites have developed various theories to explain the timing of these Political Life calls and the hidden motives behind them. Of course, this also raises the usual questions about whether there was in fact a genuine and serious intent to move further towards a democratic transition, which seems to have stalled and perhaps even been reversed, Muhammad Abu Rumman with regard to Jordan’s ranking March 2021 for democratic institutions and international human rights. 1 Democratic Reform in Jordan? Expectations After the King’s Recent Call to Review Political Life Muhammad Abu Rumman March 2021 2 Published in 2021 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Jordan & Iraq FES Jordan & Iraq P.O. Box 941876 Amman 11194 Jordan Email: [email protected] Website: www.fes-jordan.org Not for Sale © Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Resident Director: Tim O. Petschulat All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publishers. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are solely those of the original author. They do not necessarily represent those of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. • Cover and internal design: Kamal Qasim Contents Contents Introduction 5 Historical Review: A Faltering Democracy 7 Determinants and Restrictions on Democratic Transition 10 Discussing Political Reform Today 14 Prospects for Political Transformation 17 Conclusion 19 Bibliography 21 4 Introduction 1 Introduction In an interview with the Jordan News Agency in the number of seats won by the Islamist on 30 January 2021, King Abdullah II spoke opposition, which makes up the largest about reviewing Jordanian laws governing political party in Jordan. -
Opiskelijakirjaston Verkkojulkaisu 2007
Opiskelijakirjaston verkkojulkaisu 2007 Reprinted from "The European Idea: The Scandinavian answer. Norwegian attitudes towards a Closer Scandinavian Economic Cooperation 1947-1959" by Ingrid Sogner from Scandinavian Journal of History, www.tandf.no/sjhist, 1993,18(4), 307-327, by permission of Taylor & Francis Tämä aineisto on julkaistu verkossa oikeudenhaltijoiden luvalla. Aineistoa ei saa kopioida, levittää tai saattaa muuten yleisön saataviin ilman oikeudenhaltijoiden lupaa. Aineiston verkko-osoitteeseen saa viitata vapaasti. Aineistoa saa opiskelua, opettamista ja tutkimusta varten tulostaa omaan käyttöön muutamia kappaleita. www.opiskelijakirjasto.lib.helsinki.fi [email protected] 307 The European Idea: The Scandinavian Answer Norwegian Attitudes Towards a Closer Scandinavian Economic Cooperation 1947-19591 Ingrid Sogner In 1947 the Norwegian government proposed to extend economic cooperation between the Nordic countries. 2 This suggestion launched twelve years of thorough investigations; the options considered included the establishment of a Scandinavian customs union - a suggestion never to be realized. In 1959 EFTA was instead established, with the three Scandinavian countries included among the seven founding countries. Contemporary observers claimed that the Scandinavian cus- toms union henceforth ". at most would serve as a subject for dissertations for future researchers on Nordic cooperation".3 This article is based on my dissertation on the plans for a Scandinavian customs union, and the Norwegian attitude towards these. Norway has been judged, both by contemporaries and in hindsight by researchers, to be the most reluctant among the Scandinavian countries towards Scandinavian cooperation and a Scandinavian customs union. This conclusion will be discussed and modified in this article. My argument is that Norway throughout this period pursued a fairly consistent and positive policy towards closer Scandi- Ingrid Sogner, born 1964, Cand. -
Security Council Ic
UNITED NATIONS Security Council Distr. Ic GENERAL s/14930 26 March 1982 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH LETTER DATED 25 MARCH 1982 FROM THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF JORDAN TO THE UNITED NATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL I have the honour to forward to you the enclosed letter, at the request of Mr. zuhdi Labib Terzi, the Permanent Cbserver of the Palestine Liberation Organization, concerning further acts of brutality against the Mayor of Nablus, Mr. Bassam Shakaa and the Mayor of Ramallah, Mr. Kaeim Khalef, who were arrested and removed from their legally elected offices. Inasmuch as these acts of terror and brutality continue to pervade the occupied Palestinian territory, I would deeply appreciate it if my letter and the enclosed letter from the Permanent Observer of the Palestine Liberation Organization could be circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) Hazem NUSEIBEH Ambassador Permanent Representative 82-07682 0300~ (E) / ,.. s/14930 hglish Annex Page 1 ---Annex Ix'cter dated 25 March 1982 from the Permanent Observer of the' Palestine Liberation Organization to the Uhited Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council I am requested by Chairman Yasser Arafat to bring the following to your most urgent attention. ?bday Mayor Bassam Shakaa of Nablus and Mayor Karim Khalef of Ramallah were arrested and removed from their legally elected offices. Israeli troops then installed so-called civilian administrators in their place. Speculation is 'chat the arrests of Shakaa and Khalef precede their forceable deportation and exile from Palestine. Members of the Nablus municipality and a number of Shakaa's supporters were summoned to General Menahem Milson's office and threatened with severe repercussions should they allow the situation in Nablus to deteriorate. -
Gene'81 Assembly Distr
UNITED NATIONS A Gene'81 Assembly Distr. GENERAL A/3' /155 23 March 1982 ORIGINAL. ENGLISH l'~':1 .~, l,)'1"" ... J .. Thi~Ly-seventh session Item 34 of the preliminary list* THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST I,etter dated 22 March ~982 from the Perman,~~presentativeof Jordan to the l~itea Nations addressed to-!~cretarY-Genera! Further to my letter dated 19 March 1992 (A/37 /l53) concerning the gravity of the .situatior prevailing in the occupied territories of Jerusalem, th.e ~st Bank and Gaza, and the bloodshed which has 'nsued in co~sequence of the Israeli occupation authorities' use of firearmsag~inst the Pa1~stinian inhabitants following the forcible dissolution of the municipal council in Al Bireh, I have the honour to forward to you two additional letters from Mr. Zuh~i Labib Terz!, the Permanent Observer of the Palestine Liberation Organization, dated 21 March 1982 (annex I) and 22 March 1982 (annex II). Inasmuch as the situation in the occupied Palestinian ~erritorieB remains highly explosive, it would be deeply appreciated if my letter and the enclosed memoranda from the Permanent Observer ol the ~a1estine Liberation OrQartization were circulated as a document of the Genetii AB~eMbly under item 34 of th; preliminary list. (Signed) Hazem NUSEIBEH Ambassaqor "~anent ~presentative * A/37 /50. 82-07284 3248e (E) / ... A/3?/155 English Annex I Page 1 ANNEX I Letter dated 21 March 1982 from the Permanent Observer of the Palestine Liberation Organization to the united Nations addressed to the secretary-General I am instructed by Chairman Yasser Arafat to bring to your attention the following. -
Conversations in Amman by Norman Frankel
Fall 1988 Conversations in Amman by Norman Frankel INTRODUCTION The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a participant in many of the conflict systems of the Middle East. This essay examines, from a Jorda nian perspective, six of the most pressing issues affecting political stabili ty in the Arab world today. My findings are based on personal interviews conducted between December 1986 and January 1987 in Amman, Jor dan. I interviewed the people, introduced below, because they represent a cross-section of official and non-official Jordanian opinion. Dr. Abdul Salam Al Majali, president of Jordan University since 1967, has also served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Educa tion. He has been an influential adviser to King Hussein since the early 1960s. Jordan University is the educational showplace for the Kingdom of Jordan and it is largely Al Majali's creation. He was interviewed in his office 23 December 1986. Mofid Mobaslat, representative for the Nablus district in the Jorda nian House of Delegates, travels frequently in the administered ter ritories. He has little direct influence with King Hussein and his im mediate circle, however, he does represent the thinking of many East Bank Palestinians. He was interviewed in his office in the Parliament on 31 December 1986. Waheed Al Jaabari, representative for Hebron in the Jordanian House of Delegates, is a member of a very old Palestinian family with relatives on both banks of the Jordan River. The Al Jaabari family has been active in Hebron politics since the 1920s, and has contributed to the development of the Hashemite Kingdom. -
The Norwegian Experience
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Bjerkholt, Olav Working Paper Markets, models and planning: The Norwegian experience Memorandum, No. 2005,14 Provided in Cooperation with: Department of Economics, University of Oslo Suggested Citation: Bjerkholt, Olav (2005) : Markets, models and planning: The Norwegian experience, Memorandum, No. 2005,14, University of Oslo, Department of Economics, Oslo This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/63196 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu MEMORANDUM No 14/2005 Markets, models and planning: the Norwegian experience Olav Bjerkholt ISSN: 0801-1117 Department of Economics University of Oslo This series is published by the In co-operation with University of Oslo The Frisch Centre for Economic Department of Economics Research P. -
Le Réalisme Khrouchtchévien
VICTOR SEGESVARY LE RÉALISME KHROUCHTCHÉVIEN La politique soviétique à l’égard du nationalisme arabe, 1953-1960 2. éd. révisée Mikes International La Haye, la Hollande 2005 VICTOR SEGESVARY : LE RÉALISME KHROUCHTCHÉVIEN Kiadó 'Stichting MIKES INTERNATIONAL ' alapítvány, Hága, Hollandia. Számlaszám: Postbank rek.nr. 7528240 Cégbejegyzés: Stichtingenregister: S 41158447 Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Den Haag Terjesztés A könyv a következ ő Internet-címr ől tölthet ő le: http://www.federatio.org/mikes_bibl.html Aki az email-levelezési listánkon kíván szerepelni, a következ ő címen iratkozhat fel: [email protected] A kiadó nem rendelkezik anyagi forrásokkal. Többek áldozatos munkájából és adományaiból tartja fenn magát. Adományokat szívesen fogadunk. Cím A szerkeszt őség, illetve a kiadó elérhet ő a következ ő címeken: Email: [email protected] Levelezési cím: P.O. Box 10249, 2501 HE, Den Haag, Hollandia _____________________________________ Publisher Foundation 'Stichting MIKES INTERNATIONAL', established in The Hague, Holland. Account: Postbank rek.nr. 7528240 Registered: Stichtingenregister: S 41158447 Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Den Haag Distribution The book can be downloaded from the following Internet-address: http://www.federatio.org/mikes_bibl.html If you wish to subscribe to the email mailing list, you can do it by sending an email to the following address: [email protected] The publisher has no financial sources. It is supported by many in the form of voluntary work and gifts. -
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Accord
GENERAL AGREEMENT ACCORD GENERAL SUR ON TARIFFS AND LES TARIFS DOUANIERS TWELVE/4/feev.l TRADE ET LE COMMERCE TU October 1957 Special Distribution CONTRACTING PARTIES PARTIES CONTRACTANTES Twelfth Session Douzième Session LIST OF REPRESENTATIVES**- LISTE DES REPRESENTANTS** Revision AUSTRALIA Representatives Dr. W.A. Westerman, O.B.E. Deputy Secretary, Department of Trade, Leader of delegation Mr. E.P. IlcClintock First Assistant Secretary, Trade and Industries Division, Department of Trade, Deputy Leader of delegation. *Mr. O.A. Jockel Permanent Representative to the European Office of the United. Nations Mr. J.ff. Richardson Deputy Assiatant Secretary, Commercial Policy Branch, Trade Policy Division, Department of Trade Dr. R.J. Whitelaw Acting Assistant Secretary, Financial and Economic Policy Branchf Department of the Treasury Mr. J.T. Smith Trade Relations Adviser, Office of the High Commissioner in the United Kingdom Wife present Mr. M.W. Oakley Head, Policy Secretariat, Department of Primary Industry Changes to this list should be reported in writing to the Conference Office A,660« ** Toute modification qu'il y aurait lieu d'apporter à cette liste devra être signalé par écrit au bureau de la Conférence A.660. TWELVEA/Rev.l Page 2 AUSTRALIA (continued) • Representatives Mr. D.J. Pekin Tariff Policy Officer, Tariff Divison, Department of Trade Joint Secretaries of the Mr. J.H.W. Dean delegation Tariff Revision Officer, Tariff Division, Department of Trade Mr. W.R, Lawson Chief Tariff Officer, Department of Customs and Excise, *Mr. N.S. Currie Permanent Mission to the European Office of the United Nations Secretaries Miss 0, Harrison Miss D. Atkins AUSTRIA Ministerial representative Dr.