English Pages Иностранное Предприятие "Игротехника", УНП 191026670, Лицензия Выдана Мнис РБ, Действительна С 21.01.2014 Г
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He Power of Partnering Under the Proper Circumstances, the Airbus A380
A MAGAZINE FOR AIRLINE EXECUTIVES 2007 Issue No. 2 T a k i n g y o u r a i r l i n e t o new heights TThehe PowerPower ofof PartneringPartnering A Conversation with Abdul Wahab Teffaha, Secretary General Arab Air Carriers Organization. Special Section I NSIDE Airline Mergers and Consolidation Carriers can quickly recover 21 from irregular operations Singapore Airlines makes 46 aviation history High-speed trains impact Eu- 74 rope’s airlines The eMergo Solutions Several products in the Sabre Airline Solutions® portfolio are available ® ® through the Sabre eMergo Web access distribution method: ™ Taking your airline to new heights • Quasar passenger revenue accounting system 2007 Issue No. 2 Editors in Chief • Revenue Integrity option within SabreSonic® Res Stephani Hawkins B. Scott Hunt 3150 Sabre Drive Southlake, Texas 76092 • Sabre® AirFlite™ Planning and Scheduling Suite www.sabreairlinesolutions.com Art Direction/Design Charles Urich • Sabre® AirMax® Revenue Management Suite Design Contributor Ben Williams Contributors • Sabre® AirPrice™ fares management system Allen Appleby, Jim Barlow, Edward Bowman, Jack Burkholder, Mark Canton, Jim Carlsen-Landy, Rick Dietert, Vinay Dube, Kristen Fritschel, Peter Goodfellow, ® ™ Dale Heimann, Ian Hunt, Carla Jensen, • Sabre CargoMax Revenue and Pricing Suite Brent Johnson, Billie Jones, Maher Koubaa, Sandra Meekins, Nancy Ornelas, Lalita Ponnekanti and Jessica Thorud. • Sabre® Loyalty Suite Publisher George Lynch Awards ® ® • Sabre Rocade Airline Operations Suite 2007 International Association of Business Communicators Bronze Quill. 2005 and 2006 International Association • Sabre® WiseVision™ Data Analysis Suite of Business Communicators Bronze Quill, Silver Quill and Gold Quill. 2004 International Association of Business ® Communicators Bronze Quill and Silver • SabreSonic Check-in Quill. -
The Competitive Position of Hub Airports in the Transatlantic Market
Journal of Air Transportation Vol. 11, No. 1 -2006 THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF HUB AIRPORTS IN THE TRANSATLANTIC MARKET Guillaume Burghouwt SEO Economic Research Jan Veldhuis SEO Economic Research Amsterdam, The Netherlands ABSTRACT This article puts forward the argument that the measurement of connectivity in hub- and-spoke networks has to take into account the quality and quantity of both direct and indirect connections. The NETSCAN model, which has been applied in this study, quantifies indirect connectivity and scales it into a theoretical direct connection. NETSCAN allows researchers, airports, airlines, alliances and airport regions to analyse their competitive position in an integrated way. Using NETSCAN, the authors analysed the developments on the market between northwest Europe and the United States (US) between May 2003 and May 2005. One of the most striking developments has certainly been the impact of the Air France-KLM merger and the effects of the integration of KLM and Northwest into the SkyTeam alliance on the connectivity of Amsterdam Schiphol. Direct as well as indirect connectivity (via European and North American hubs) from Amsterdam to the US increased substantially. The main reason for this increase is the integration of the former Wings and SkyTeam networks via the respective hub airports. Moreover, the extended SkyTeam alliance raised frequencies between Amsterdam and the SkyTeam hubs (Atlanta, Houston, for example), opened new routes (Cincinnati) and boosted the network between Amsterdam and France. As a result of the new routes and frequencies, Amsterdam took over Heathrow’s position as the third best-connected northwest European airport to the US. _____________________________________________________________ Guillaume Burghouwt completed his PhD-research ‘Airline network development in Europe and its implications for airport planning’ in 2005. -
Tendencje Rozwojowe Aliansów Strategicznych W Transporcie Lotniczym
Transport lotniczy Tendencje rozwojowe aliansów strategicznych w transporcie lotniczym Iwona Anna Czarnecka Alianse lotnicze są formą współpracy linii lotniczych (często konkurujących ze sobą). Uczestnictwo w aliansie to określone korzyści, ale także liczne zagrożenia. A jednak wynikający z procesów liberalizacji proces łączenia się przewoźników w alianse wykazuje tendencję rozwojową. Na przestrzeni lat zmieniają się cele i zakres aliansów. Integracja staje się głębsza i przyjmuje formę fuzji i przejęć. Obserwujemy budowę struktury kapitałowej. Widoczne jest ograniczenie konkurencji na rynku lotniczym wynikające z konsolidacji przewoźników wokół największych i najmocniejszych linii lotniczych. Wprowadzenie połączeń. Taką strategię przyjęły m.in. linie: mi innych aliansów. Teoria gier zastosowana BA, Lufthansa, KLM. Strategia przystępowa- do analizy współpracy linii lotniczych przez Kryzys finansowy, który ogarnął świat nia do aliansów, skupionych wokół najwięk- T. Busacker’a i J. P. Clark’a pokazała okolicz- w 2008 roku wpłynął także na branżę lot- szych linii lotniczych, była wybierana przez ności sprzyjające dobrej współpracy w ra- niczą. Przewoźnicy ponieśli ogromne straty. coraz większą liczbę przewoźników, zwłasz- mach aliansu: Nowe warunki funkcjonowania wymuszo- cza tych średnich i małych, dla których sta- • umowa zawarta pomiędzy członkami ne przez kryzys pokazują, że należy dokonać nowiła szansę utrzymania się na rynku. powinna mieć długotrwały charakter, co rewizji naszego podejścia do aliansów lotni- Do podejmowania współpracy -
Effects of Airlines Alliances and Mergers on Fair Competition and Monopoly Prevention
ATConf/6-WP/391 International Civil Aviation Organization 14/2/13 WORKING PAPER WORLDWIDE AIR TRANSPORT CONFERENCE (ATCONF) SIXTH MEETING Montréal, 18 to 22 March 2013 Agenda Item 1: Global overview of trends and developments Agenda Item 1.1: Industry and regulatory developments Agenda Item 2: Examination of key issues and related regulatory framework Agenda Item 2.4: Fair competition EFFECTS OF AIRLINES ALLIANCES AND MERGERS ON FAIR COMPETITION AND MONOPOLY PREVENTION (Presented by Egypt) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This paper addresses one of the developments that have taken place in the field of air transportation, and that relates to the emergence of strong alliances and mergers between airlines. It studies alliances and mergers implications on air transport, and suggests the development of frameworks for their regulation. Action: The Conference is invited to agree to the recommendations presented in paragraph 6. References: ATConf/6 reference material is available at www.icao.int/meetings/atconf6. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Significant developments have occurred in the field of air transport. A large number of countries made remarkable progress in liberalizing international air transport regulations, and became involved in full market-access arrangements. At the same time, the airline industry underwent a major shift and saw the forging alliances and mergers between companies in order to consolidate their presence in a market environment characterized by strong competition. 1.2 Alliances between airlines have become a dominant feature in air transport, and a new global phenomenon unfolding relatively quickly through multiple collaborative business arrangements. Alliance agreements took different forms and included various elements of code-sharing, marketing and pricing cooperation, schedules coordination, and offices and airport facilities sharing. -
Airline Alliances
AIRLINE ALLIANCES by Paul Stephen Dempsey Director, Institute of Air & Space Law McGill University Copyright © 2011 by Paul Stephen Dempsey Open Skies • 1992 - the United States concluded the first second generation “open skies” agreement with the Netherlands. It allowed KLM and any other Dutch carrier to fly to any point in the United States, and allowed U.S. carriers to fly to any point in the Netherlands, a country about the size of West Virginia. The U.S. was ideologically wedded to open markets, so the imbalance in traffic rights was of no concern. Moreover, opening up the Netherlands would allow KLM to drain traffic from surrounding airline networks, which would eventually encourage the surrounding airlines to ask their governments to sign “open skies” bilateral with the United States. • 1993 - the U.S. conferred antitrust immunity on the Wings Alliance between Northwest Airlines and KLM. The encirclement policy began to corrode resistance to liberalization as the sixth freedom traffic drain began to grow; soon Lufthansa, then Air France, were asking their governments to sign liberal bilaterals. • 1996 - Germany fell, followed by the Czech Republic, Italy, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Malta, Poland. • 2001- the United States had concluded bilateral open skies agreements with 52 nations and concluded its first multilateral open skies agreement with Brunei, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore. • 2002 – France fell. • 2007 - The U.S. and E.U. concluded a multilateral “open skies” traffic agreement that liberalized everything but foreign ownership and cabotage. • 2011 – cumulatively, the U.S. had signed “open skies” bilaterals with more than100 States. Multilateral and Bilateral Air Transport Agreements • Section 5 of the Transit Agreement, and Section 6 of the Transport Agreement, provide: “Each contracting State reserves the right to withhold or revoke a certificate or permit to an air transport enterprise of another State in any case where it is not satisfied that substantial ownership and effective control are vested in nationals of a contracting State . -
Strategic Airline Alliances: Advantages for Major Airlines Being Aligned
STRATEGIC AIRLINE ALLIANCES: ADVANTAGES FOR MAJOR AIRLINES BEING ALIGNED Jorge J. Villar Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain Javier Tafur Department of Industrial Engineering, Business Administration and Statistics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain Guozhu Jia School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Beihang University), China Fernando Zobel 3, 3º C 16002 Cuenca Spain Telephone: (0086)13691243311, (0034)659928918 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Some factors including the deregulation in the U.S and the liberalization in Europe of the airline industry are essential to understanding why the number of partnership agreements between airlines has increased during the last 25 years. These events, coupled with the continuous economic downturn and the 9/11 catastrophe seem to be the perfect framework for the tendency to develop airline strategic alliances. However, it has been observed that this trend was not followed during the period 2005- 2008. The purpose of this paper is to analyze if a benefit was experienced by the major airlines who became a member of the current 3 big alliances compared to the major airlines that decided not to become a member or were not admitted into the alliances during 2005-2008. The methodology of this report includes an analysis of several airlines’ performance figures. These performance figures include the revenue passenger kilometers (RPKs), the passenger load factor (PLF) and also the market share (MS). The figures will be compared between the aligned airlines and others which have similar business models. The value of this paper is to reveal whether being aligned provides advantages to major airlines under a bearish airline market in a globalized environment. -
S/C/W/163 3 August 2000 ORGANIZATION (00-3257)
WORLD TRADE RESTRICTED S/C/W/163 3 August 2000 ORGANIZATION (00-3257) Council for Trade in Services DEVELOPMENTS IN THE AIR TRANSPORT SECTOR SINCE THE CONCLUSION OF THE URUGUAY ROUND PART ONE Note by the Secretariat This Note has been produced at the request of the Council for Trade in Services in the framework of the review of the Air Transport Annex which stipulates in paragraph 5 that "The Council for Trade in Services shall review periodically, and at least every five years, developments in the air transport sector and the operation of this Annex with a view to considering the possible further application of the Agreement in this sector.". The Secretariat has been asked through the Council for Trade in Services to update document S/C/W/59, dated 5 November 1998 and document S/C/W/129, dated 15 October 1999. This Note addresses both the economic and regulatory developments in the sector, in both a historical (1993) and contemporary (1999) framework. Since the Annex provides no definition of the sector, the paper tries to encompass all aspects of air transport and air transport-related services following the model of the former Secretariat document S/C/W/59 on the same subject examined during the exchange of information program in 1998. It largely draws on this document as well as on ICAO publications and in particular, the annual report "The World of Civil Aviation" (first edition, 1992). Additional professional sources such as IATA documents and press sources have also been used. As indicated during the Council session held on July 2000, the Council requested due to time constraints, that the document be in three parts. -
Historia De La Aviación Comercial Desde 1909 Hasta Nuestros Días
FACULTAT DE FILOSOFIA I LETRES, DEPARTAMENT DE CIÈNCIES HISTÒRIQUES I TEORIA DE LES ARTS HISTORIA DE LA AVIACIÓN COMERCIAL DESDE 1909 HASTA NUESTROS DÍAS TESIS DOCTORAL PRESENTADA POR EL DR. MARTÍN BINTANED ARA DIRIGIDA POR EL DR. SEBASTIÁ SERRA BUSQUETS CATEDRÀTIC D'HISTÒRIA CONTEMPORÀNIA PARA OPTAR AL TÍTULO DE DOCTOR EN HISTORIA CURSO ACADÉMICO 2013/2014 Martín Bintaned Ara 2 Historia de la aviación comercial Resumen Esta tesis doctoral investiga acerca de la aportación de la aviación comercial a la historia contemporánea, en particular por su impacto en las relaciones exteriores de los países, su papel facilitador en la actividad económica internacional y por su contribución al desarrollo del turismo de masas. La base de trabajo ha sido el análisis de la prensa especializada, a partir de la cual se han identificado los casos innovadores. Gracias al análisis de su origen (tecnológico, geo- político, aero-político, corporativo, de producto y en la infraestructura) y a su contextualización, hemos podido trazar la historia de la aviación comercial desde su origen en 1919 hasta nuestros días. Palabras clave: Historia contemporánea, Aviación comercial, Política aérea, Relaciones internacionales, Turismo, Innovación, Aerolíneas, Aeropuertos Abstract This doctoral thesis analyses the contribution of commercial aviation to the contemporary history, particularly in the field of external relations, international economy and mass tourism. We have identified all innovations with a structural impact on the industry through specialised press, considering the changes on technology, geopolitics, aeropolitics, business models, product and services, and infrastructure. This methodology has allowed us to write the history of the commercial aviation since its origin in 1919. -
A Conversation with
A MAGAZinE FOR AIRLinE EXECUTIVES 2006 Issue No. 2 2006 Issue No. 2 T a k i n g y o u r a i r l i n e t o n e w h e i g h t s the globAl AdvocAte A Conversation With . Giovanni Bisignani director general and CEO International Air Transport Association page 38 www.sabreairlinesolutions.com I NSIDE Government regulations 6 affect globalization Latin American carriers 42 grow regionally AirAsia overcomes challenges 50 to its Thai-based subsidiary making contact To suggest a topic for a possible future article, change your address or add someone to the mailing list, please send an e-mail message to the Ascend staff at [email protected]. T aking your airline to new heights For more information about products 2006 Issue No. 2 and services featured in this issue Editors in Chief of Ascend, please visit our Web site Stephani Hawkins at www.sabreairlinesolutions.com B. Scott Hunt or contact one of the following 3150 Sabre Drive Sabre Airline Solutions regional Southlake, Texas 76092 representatives: www.sabreairlinesolutions.com Sabre Airline Solutions and the Sabre Airline Solutions logo are trademarks and/or service marks of an affiliate of Sabre Holdings Corporation. ©2005 Sabre Inc. All rights reserved. Art Direction/Design Asia/Pacific Shari Manning Andrew Powell Design Contributors Vice President Erin Jackson, Michelle Kennedy, Level No. 05-05 Tim St. Clair Technopark Block 750E Contributors Chai Chee Road Shaquiq Ahmed, Walter Avila, Jack Singapore 469005 Burkholder, Vinay Dube, Kim Farrow, Phone: +65 9127 6927 Kristen Fritschel, Glen Harvell, Vicki E-mail: [email protected] Hummel, Carla Jensen, Craig Lindsey, Marcela Lizárraga, Roman Lopatko, Deborah Magee, Yusuf Mauladad, Alan Europe, Middle East and Africa McWalters, Gary Millward, Andrew Murray Smyth Powell, Srikanth Raghunathan, Jessica Vice President Schneider, Jennifer Silvia, Murray Smyth, Somerville House Kevin Stupfel, Renzo Vaccari, Jung Yu. -
Conference on the Economics of Airports and Air Navigation Services
ANSConf-WP/58 7/6/00 (English only) CONFERENCE ON THE ECONOMICS OF AIRPORTS AND AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES (Montreal, 19 - 28 June 2000) Agenda Item 1: Economic situation of airports, air navigation service providers and their financial relationships with air carriers and other users THE WORLD OF CIVIL AVIATION (Presented by the Secretariat) INFORMATION PAPER SUMMARY This information paper highlights major developments during the year 1999 and for the forecast period 2000-2002 reflecting findings of the forthcoming Circular 279, The World of Civil Aviation — 1999-2002. The Appendix to this information paper contains a draft version of Circular 279 which will be the eighth in an annual series of publications covering recent and future developments in civil aviation. In the draft circular, Part I reviews the main events in or affecting international civil aviation in 1999; Part II analyses trends in the world economy and the air transport industry and presents global forecasts of airline scheduled passenger traffic through to 2002; and Part III reviews, on a region-by-region basis, the year 1999 and gives prospects through to 2002. This information paper has been provided to supplement the working paper ANSConf-WP/13 and as background material. Developments concerning providers of air transport infrastructure, both airports and air navigation services, discussed in Chapter 3 might be of particular interest to Conference participants. 1. Major developments during the year 1999 1.1 Growth in the world economy started to recover as did airline traffic but airline operating profits softened and aircraft orders declined. 1.1.1 The world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by an estimated 3.0 per cent in real terms. -
Swissair's Collapse
IWIM - Institut für Weltwirtschaft und Internationales Management IWIM - Institute for World Economics and International Management Swissair’s Collapse – An Economic Analysis Andreas Knorr and Andreas Arndt Materialien des Wissenschaftsschwerpunktes „Globalisierung der Weltwirtschaft“ Band 28 Hrsg. von Andreas Knorr, Alfons Lemper, Axel Sell, Karl Wohlmuth Universität Bremen Swissair’s Collapse – An Economic Analysis Andreas Knorr and Andreas Arndt Andreas Knorr, Alfons Lemper, Axel Sell, Karl Wohlmuth (Hrsg.): Materialien des Wissenschaftsschwerpunktes „Globalisierung der Weltwirtschaft“, Bd. 28, September 2003, ISSN 0948-3837 (ehemals: Materialien des Universitätsschwerpunktes „Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen und Internationales Management“) Bezug: IWIM - Institut für Weltwirtschaft und Internationales Management Universität Bremen Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaft Postfach 33 04 40 D- 28334 Bremen Telefon: 04 21 / 2 18 - 34 29 Telefax: 04 21 / 2 18 - 45 50 E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.iwim.uni-bremen.de Abstract Swissair’s rapid decline from one of the industries’ most renowned carriers into bank- ruptcy was the inevitable consequence of an ill-conceived alliance strategy – which also diluted Swissair’s reputation as a high-quality carrier – and the company’s inability to coordinate effectively its own operations with those of Crossair, its regional subsidiary. However, we hold that while yearlong mismanagement was indeed the driving force behind Swissair’s demise, exogenous factors both helped and compounded -
Stratejik Iş Birliklerinin Işletme Performansindaki Önemi: Havayollarinda Stratejik Iş Birlikleri
T.C. İSTANBUL TİCARET ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ İŞLETME ANABİLİM DALI İŞLETME DOKTORA PROGRAMI STRATEJİK İŞ BİRLİKLERİNİN İŞLETME PERFORMANSINDAKİ ÖNEMİ: HAVAYOLLARINDA STRATEJİK İŞ BİRLİKLERİ Doktora Tezi Selim BİNATLI 100034753 Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Beliz ÜLGEN İstanbul, 2019 Hazırlamış olduğum tez özgün bir çalışma olup YÖK ve İTİCÜ Lisansüstü yönetmeliklerine uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmayı yaparken bilimsel etik kurallarına tamamıyla uyduğumu; yararlandığım tüm kaynakları gösterdiğimi ve hiçbir kaynaktan yaptığım ayrıntılı alıntı olmadığını beyan ederim. Bu tezin ihtiva ettiği tüm hususlar şahsi görüşüm olup İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi’nin resmi görüşünü yansıtmamaktadır. Selim BİNATLI iii Özet Küresel rekabetin gittikçe artış gösterdiği günümüzde firmalar için stratejik iş birlikleri konusu önemli gelişme kaydetmiştir. Stratejik iş birliği gerçekleştiren firmaların amacı, içinde bulundukları yoğun rekabet ortamında yeni pazarlara girmek, finansal riskini düşürmek ve rekabet gücünü arttırmak olarak özetlenebilir. Stratejik iş birliklerinin en çarpıcı örnekleri havayolları sektöründe görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, dünyada gelişen stratejik iş birlikleri olgusu, bu olgunun havacılık sektöründeki yeri incelenmiş ve stratejik iş birliklerinin havayollarının performansına etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde stratejik iş birlikleri konusu incelenmiş, oluşturulma nedenleri, türleri, temel bileşenleri ve yarar ile sakıncalarına değinilmiştir. İkinci bölümde stratejik iş birliklerinin havayolu