Der Einfluss Von Kooperationen Auf Die Entwicklung Der Austrian Airlines AG

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Der Einfluss Von Kooperationen Auf Die Entwicklung Der Austrian Airlines AG Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften (rer. pol.) Der Einfluss von Kooperationen auf die Entwicklung der Austrian Airlines AG Historische Analyse der Transformation einer nationalen Luftlinie im Spannungsfeld von politischem Einfluss und privatwirtschaftlicher Ausrichtung Vorgelegt von: Mag. Peter Baumgartner Anschrift: 3420 Kritzendorf, Hauptstraße 75 Österreich Eingereicht bei: Rechts- und Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Seite | I Erstreferent: Prof. Dr. Michael Amberg Zweitreferent: Prof. Dr. Walther L. Bernecker Letzte Prüfung: 1. Februar 2013 Seite | II IN MEMORIAM PROF. DR. WILFRIED FELDENKIRCHEN Seite | III INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Inhaltsverzeichnis..................................................................................................... I Abbildungsverzeichnis..........................................................................................VII Abkürzungs- und Siglenverzeichnis ......................................................................X I. Einleitung .............................................................................................................. 1 1. Themenhinführung und Problemstellung ......................................... 2 2. Quellenlage und Forschungsstand ................................................... 5 3. Aufbau der Arbeit ............................................................................. 7 II. Theoretische Grundlagen.................................................................................... 9 1. Kooperationen ................................................................................ 10 1.1 Relevanz von Kooperationen in der Luftfahrtindustrie............................. 10 1.2 Begriffsbestimmung................................................................................ 10 1.3 Systematisierung von Kooperationen ..................................................... 11 1.3.1 Kooperationensformen in der Luftfahrtindustrie............................... 12 1.4 Kooperationsziele und Motive................................................................. 16 1.4.1 Ziele von Airline-Allianzen............................................................... 17 1.5 Erfolgsfaktoren von Kooperationen......................................................... 19 1.6 Risiken von Kooperationen..................................................................... 21 III. Historische Analyse der Entwicklung der Austrian Airlines AG ................... 23 1. Vorläuferorganisationen und Gründung (1945 - 1957) .................... 24 1.1 Die Rahmenbedingungen....................................................................... 24 1.1.1 Politischer Hintergrund.................................................................... 24 1.1.2 Allgemeinwirtschaftliche Entwicklung 1945 - 1957 .......................... 26 1.1.3 Branchenentwicklung der Luftfahrt (1945 - 1957)............................ 27 1.2 Der Kampf Österreichs um die Lufthoheit ............................................... 28 1.2.1 Luftfahrt unter alliierter Kontrolle ..................................................... 28 1.2.2 Das Ringen um die Lufthoheit Österreichs...................................... 32 1.2.3 Der Staatsvertrag sichert Österreich seine Lufthoheit ..................... 39 1.3 Erste Pläne zur Gründung einer österreichischen Airline........................ 41 1.3.1 Der Plan der Regierung .................................................................. 41 1.3.2 Pläne zur Umgehung der bestehenden Verbote.............................. 43 1.3.3 Vorläufergesellschaften Air Austria und Austrian Airways ............... 44 1.3.4 Das Luftverkehrsabkommen von ÖVP und SPÖ ............................. 59 Seite | I 1.4 Die Gründung der AUA........................................................................... 62 1.4.1 Aktionärsstruktur............................................................................. 67 1.4.2 Syndikatsverträge ........................................................................... 71 1.4.3 Fluggerät, Infrastruktur und Organisation........................................ 74 1.4.4 Netzwerk......................................................................................... 77 1.4.5 Rekrutierung von Piloten und Flugbegleiterinnen ............................ 78 1.4.6 Entwicklung des Markenauftritts...................................................... 80 1.5 Zusammenfassung und Analyse............................................................. 81 2. Erste Finanzkrise und Verstaatlichung (1958 - 1969)...................... 83 2.1 Die Rahmenbedingungen....................................................................... 83 2.1.1 Politischer Hintergrund.................................................................... 83 2.1.2 Allgemeinwirtschaftliche Entwicklung 1958 – 1969 ......................... 84 2.1.3 Branchenentwicklung der Luftfahrt (1945 - 1957)............................ 85 2.2 Allgemeine Unternehmensentwicklung................................................... 87 2.2.1 Der Erstflug..................................................................................... 87 2.2.2 Die ersten Monate........................................................................... 88 2.2.3 Die erste Finanzkrise ...................................................................... 90 2.2.4 Die „Lex AUA“................................................................................. 95 2.2.5 Überlegungen zum Einstieg in den Langstreckenverkehr................ 97 2.2.6 Neuerliche finanzielle Probleme.................................................... 100 2.2.7 Fluktuation und Spannungen im Management .............................. 103 2.2.8 Ein neues AUA-Finanzierungsgesetz............................................ 108 2.3 Ausgewählte Aspekte der Geschäftstätigkeit........................................ 112 2.3.1 Linienverkehr ................................................................................ 112 2.3.2 Charterverkehr.............................................................................. 116 2.3.3 Cargo............................................................................................ 118 2.3.4 Sonstige Geschäftsfelder .............................................................. 119 2.3.5 Operations .................................................................................... 120 2.3.6 Infrastruktur................................................................................... 121 2.3.7 Administration ............................................................................... 122 2.4 Kooperationen und Beteiligungen......................................................... 124 2.4.1 Sabena ......................................................................................... 124 2.4.2 Swissair ........................................................................................ 125 2.5 Ausgewählte Ereignisse ....................................................................... 127 2.5.1 Die Katastrophe von Moskau ........................................................ 127 2.5.2 Die IATA-Generalversammlung in Wien........................................ 128 Seite | II 2.6 Flottenentwicklung................................................................................ 129 2.7 Wichtige Kennzahlen............................................................................ 131 2.8 Zusammenfassung und Analyse........................................................... 133 3. Vom Turnaround zur Teilprivatisierung (1970 - 1989) ................... 135 3.1 Die Rahmenbedingungen..................................................................... 135 3.1.1 Politischer Hintergrund.................................................................. 135 3.1.2 Allgemeinwirtschaftliche Entwicklung 1970 – 1989 ....................... 137 3.1.3 Branchenentwicklung der Luftfahrt (1970 - 1989).......................... 141 3.2 Allgemeine Unternehmensentwicklung................................................. 144 3.2.1 Der Turnaround gelingt ................................................................. 144 3.2.2 Investitionen in Flotte und Technik................................................ 146 3.2.3 Fünfundzwanzig Jahre Austrian Airlines........................................ 147 3.2.4 Der Weg an die Börse................................................................... 151 3.2.5 Neuerliche Vorstandsbestellung im Proporzverfahren................... 155 3.3 Ausgewählte Aspekte der Geschäftstätigkeit........................................ 158 3.3.1 Linienverkehr ................................................................................ 158 3.3.2 Charterverkehr.............................................................................. 162 3.3.3 Cargo............................................................................................ 164 3.3.4 Sonstige Geschäftsfelder .............................................................. 165 3.3.4.1 Duty-Free-Shops........................................................................ 165 3.3.4.2 Einstieg ins Cateringgeschäft..................................................... 166 3.3.4.3 Übernahme von Anteilen der Touropa Austria............................ 168 3.3.4.4 Gründung von Interconvention und Austrian Holiday Ltd............ 169 3.3.5 Operations
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