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Endangered Language Families Guinea Siouan 12 19,280 Canada, United States D 1st International Conference on Language Documentation and Lang- Largest Lang- Largest Family Countries Family Countries Conservation, University of Hawaii, 12-14 March 2009 uages Pop. uages Pop. Katukinan 3 1,650 Brazil Iroquoian 8 16,400 Canada, United States Senagi 2 1,690 Indonesia, Papua New Yanomam 4 17,640 Brazil, Venezuela Endangered Language Families Guinea Siouan 12 19,280 Canada, United States D. H. Whalen Chapacura-Wanham 3 1,930 Brazil Maybrat 2 20,000 Indonesia Haskins Laboratories and Endangered Language Fund Piawi 2 2,000 Papua New Guinea Barbacoan 5 23,500 Colombia, Ecuador Pauwasi 5 2,000 Indonesia, Papua New Gary F. Simons Mataco-Guaicuru 11 25,000 Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Guinea SIL International and Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics Paraguay Somahai 2 2,000 Indonesia Panoan 21 26,000 Bolivia, Brazil, Peru Tor-Kwerba 24 2,500 Indonesia South Bougainville 9 26,500 Papua New Guinea Table 1: Endangered and potentially endangered language Nimboran 5 2,500 Indonesia Carib 26 29,100 Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, families, arranged by speaker population of largest Arai-Kwomtari 10 2,500 Papua New Guinea Suriname, Venezuela language in family. All data from Ethnologue (Lewis, East Geelvink Bay 11 2,500 Indonesia East Bird’s Head- 8 30,000 Indonesia 2009); used by permission. Sko 7 2,670 Indonesia, Papua New Sentani Guinea Mixe-Zoque 17 30,000 Mexico Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Hokan 16 2,690 Mexico, United States Guahiban 5 34,200 Colombia 16th edition. Dallas: SIL International. Arauan 5 2,940 Brazil Algic 31 35,000 Canada, United States Regular-face families are linguistic stocks in their own right; Penutian 23 3,000 Canada, United States Sepik 56 44,000 Indonesia, Papua New italicized families are broken down by stocks in Tables 3 and 4. South-Central Papuan 21 3,000 Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Guinea Jivaroan 4 46,700 Ecuador, Peru Lang- Largest Yuat 6 3,040 Papua New Guinea Eskimo-Aleut 10 57,800 Canada, Greenland, Russian Family Countries uages Pop. Zamucoan 2 3,070 Paraguay Federation, United States Chon 2 4 Argentina Mairasi 3 3,300 Indonesia Choco 7 60,200 Colombia, Panama Chimakuan 1 10 United States Eastern Trans-Fly 4 3,500 Australia, Papua New West Papuan 23 79,000 Indonesia Alacalufan 1 12 Chile Guinea Totonacan 12 120,000 Mexico Lule-Vilela 1 20 Argentina Tequistlatecan 2 3,600 Mexico Chibchan 21 133,090 Colombia, Costa Rica, Caddoan 4 25 United States Yele-West New 3 3,750 Papua New Guinea Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama Arutani-Sape 2 42 Brazil, Venezuela Britain Tarascan 2 135,000 Mexico Zaparoan 4 50 Ecuador, Peru Australian 153 3,820 Australia Na-Dene 40 149,000 Canada, United States Yukaghir 2 90 Russian Federation North Bougainville 4 4,320 Papua New Guinea Trans-New Guinea 475 180,000 East Timor, Indonesia, Bayono-Awbono 2 100 Indonesia Border 15 4,420 Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Yeniseian 2 190 Russian Federation Keres 2 4,580 United States Misumalpan 2 183,000 Nicaragua North Brazil 1 200 Brazil Tacanan 6 4,600 Bolivia Khoisan 22 251,100 Angola, Botswana, Andamanese 4 250 India Peba-Yaguan 1 5,690 Peru Namibia, South Africa, Left May 2 280 Papua New Guinea Tanzania East New Britain 6 6,350 Papua New Guinea Amto-Musan 2 300 Papua New Guinea Araucanian 2 300,039 Chile Tucanoan 19 6,800 Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Wakashan 4 300 Canada Peru Arawakan 46 305,000 Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Mura 1 360 Brazil Guyana, Honduras, Peru, Chukotko- 4 7,740 Russian Federation Suriname, Venezuela Kaure 4 450 Indonesia Kamchatkan Harakmbet 2 500 Peru Witotoan 6 7,800 Colombia, Peru Lower Mamberamo 2 600 Indonesia Ramu-Lower Sepik 32 8,220 Papua New Guinea Table 2: Unendangered language families, arranged by speaker Salishan 19 720 Canada, United States Central Solomons 4 8,740 Solomon Islands population of largest language in family. All data from Lakes Plain 20 1,000 Indonesia Macro-Ge 24 10,000 Bolivia, Brazil Ethnologue (Lewis, 2009); used by permission. Nambiquaran 6 1,150 Brazil Cahuapanan 2 11,400 Peru Uru-Chipaya 2 1,200 Bolivia Muskogean 6 11,400 United States Family Languages Largest Pop. Mongol-Langam 3 1,210 Papua New Guinea Huavean 4 12,000 Mexico Arafundi 3 1,270 Papua New Guinea Salivan 3 12,280 Colombia, Venezuela Oto-Manguean 175 350,000 Maku 6 1,360 Brazil, Colombia Mascoian 4 15,000 Paraguay Uto-Aztecan 56 410,000 Kiowa Tanoan 5 1,630 United States Torricelli 56 16,200 Papua New Guinea Family Languages Largest Pop. Stock Family Lgs. Larg. Countries Stock Family Lgs. Larg. Countries Pop. Pop. Basque 1 658,960 Karok-Shasta Hokan 3 16 United States Manubaran Trans-New 2 1,500 Papua New Hmong-Mien 38 1,400,000 Mor Trans-New 1 25 Indonesia Guinea Guinea North Caucasian 33 1,632,500 Guinea Inland Gulf Trans-New 6 1,730 Papua New Yokuts Penutian 1 25 United States Guinea Guinea Mayan 68 1,900,000 Djamindjungan Australian 1 30 Australia Tiwian Australian 1 1,830 Australia Aymaran 3 2,262,900 Bringen- Australian 12 30 Australia Isolate Language 3 2,000 Mali, Mexico, isolate Nepal Quechuan 45 3,635,000 Wagaydy Pomo Hokan 4 45 United States West New Britain Yele-West 2 2,000 Papua New Kartvelian 5 4,255,270 Moraori Trans-New 1 50 Indonesia New Britain Guinea Nilo-Saharan 198 4,410,000 Guinea Morehead-Upper South-Central 16 2,390 Indonesia, Papua Maro Papuan New Guinea Tupi 59 4,850,000 Chinookan Penutian 2 69 United States Wororan Australian 4 82 Australia Pahoturi South-Central 2 2,440 Papua New Uralic 35 12,501,270 Papuan Guinea Garawan Australian 1 110 Australia Niger-Congo 1510 19,380,800 Kwomtari Arai- 6 2,500 Papua New Bunaban Australian 2 160 Australia Kwomtari Guinea Tai-Kadai 90 20,362,390 Yiwaidjan Australian 4 240 Australia Yuman Hokan 8 2,690 Mexico, United Altaic 64 50,750,120 South Andamanese 3 250 India States Andamanese East Kutubu Trans-New 2 2,800 Papua New Afro-Asiatic 353 53,990,000 Burmeso East Bird's 1 250 Indonesia Guinea Guinea Austro-Asiatic 169 68,634,000 Head-Sentani Waia South-Central 1 3,000 Papua New Nyulnyulan Australian 3 380 Australia Dravidian 84 69,758,890 Papuan Guinea Yelmek-Maklew South-Central 2 400 Indonesia Kolopom Trans-New 3 3,000 Indonesia Austronesian 1231 84,608,470 Papuan Guinea Japonic 12 122,080,100 Djeragan Australian 3 410 Australia Plateau Penutian Penutian 6 3,000 United States Arai (Left May) Arai- 4 480 Papua New Indo-European 426 328,518,810 South Bird’s Trans-New 10 3,700 Indonesia Kwomtari Guinea Head Guinea Sino-Tibetan 445 845,456,760 Tanah Merah Trans-New 1 500 Indonesia Yele Yele-West 1 3,750 Papua New Guinea New Britain Guinea Yareban Trans-New 5 750 Papua New Pama-Nyungan Australian 95 3,820 Australia Table 3: Endangered and potentially endangered linguistic stocks, Guinea Guinea Pawaian Trans-New 1 4,000 Papua New Hatsa Khoisan 1 800 Tanzania arranged by speaker population of largest language in Guinea Guinea Kamula Trans-New 1 800 Papua New stock. All data from Ethnologue (Lewis, 2009); used by Bosavi Trans-New 9 4,200 Papua New Guinea Guinea Guinea Guinea permission. Turama-Kikorian Trans-New 3 1,000 Papua New Southern Khoisan 3 4,200 Botswana, South Guinea Guinea Africa Stock Family Lgs. Larg. Countries Dem Trans-New 1 1,000 Indonesia Pop. West Bomberai Trans-New 3 5,500 Indonesia Guinea Guinea Oregon Penutian Penutian 2 1 United States East Strickland Trans-New 6 1,100 Papua New Awin-Pare Trans-New 2 8,000 Papua New Limilngan-Wulna Australian 1 1 Australia Guinea Guinea Guinea Guinea Maiduan Penutian 3 4 United States Mombum Trans-New 2 1,200 Indonesia Oksapmin Trans-New 1 8,000 Papua New California Penutian 1 5 United States Guinea Guinea Guinea Penutian West Kutubu Trans-New 1 1,200 Papua New Mailuan Trans-New 6 8,500 Papua New Marriammu Australian 1 5 Australia Guinea Guinea Guinea Guinea Washo Hokan 1 10 United States Kwalean Trans-New 2 1,300 Papua New Asmat-Kamoro Trans-New 11 9,000 Indonesia Great Andamanese 1 10 India Guinea Guinea Guinea Andamanese Tirio Trans-New 5 1,300 Papua New Dagan Trans-New 9 9,000 Papua New Malagmalag Australian 2 10 Australia Guinea Guinea Guinea Guinea Proper Tsimshian Penutian 3 1,330 Canada Awyu-Dumut Trans-New 15 9,340 Indonesia Utian Penutian 5 12 United States Gunwingguan Australian 17 1,410 Australia Guinea West Barkly Australian 3 12 Australia Murrinh-Patha Australian 2 1,430 Australia Kiwaian Trans-New 7 9,700 Papua New Daly Proper Australian 1 15 Australia Guinea Guinea Stock Family Lgs. Larg. Countries Stock Family Lgs. Larg. Countries Stock Family Lgs. Larg. Pop. Pop. Pop. Mande Niger-Congo 70 2,772,340 Marind Trans-New 6 10,000 Indonesia, Papua Northern Khoisan 6 61,300 Angola, Berber Afro-Asiatic 22 3,150,000 Guinea New Guinea Botswana, Saharan Nilo-Saharan 8 3,240,500 Teberan Trans-New 2 10,000 Papua New Namibia Mongolic Altaic 14 3,380,000 Guinea Guinea Kainantu-Goroka Trans-New 29 63,200 Papua New Atlantic Niger-Congo 62 3,976,500 Kuliak Nilo-Saharan 2 10,000 Uganda Guinea Guinea Kayagar Trans-New 3 10,000 Indonesia Eastern Jebel Nilo-Saharan 4 67,200 Sudan Nilotic Nilo-Saharan 63 4,410,000 Guinea Tama Nilo-Saharan 3 67,900 Chad Gur Niger-Congo 96 5,061,700 Koiarian Trans-New 7 10,000 Papua New East Timor Trans-New 3 70,000 East Timor, Kwa Niger-Congo 79 8,300,000 Guinea Guinea Guinea Indonesia Cushitic Afro-Asiatic 44 13,871,700 Duna-Bogaya Trans-New 2 11,000 Papua New Nyimang Nilo-Saharan 2 70,000 Sudan Benue-Congo Niger-Congo 964 19,380,800 Guinea Guinea Kadugli-Krongo Nilo-Saharan 6 75,000 Sudan Chadic Afro-Asiatic 189 24,988,000 Mek Trans-New 7 11,100 Indonesia Daju Nilo-Saharan 6 80,000 Chad, Sudan Turkic Altaic 39 50,750,120 Guinea Surmic Nilo-Saharan 10 80,000 Ethiopia, Sudan Semitic Afro-Asiatic 68 53,990,000 Finisterre Trans-New 40 11,500 Papua New Nara Nilo-Saharan 1 81,400 Eritrea Guinea Guinea West Timor-Alor- Trans-New 19 100,000 East Timor, Temein Nilo-Saharan 2 13,000 Sudan Pantar Guinea Indonesia Table 5: Endangered and potentially endangered language of Goilalan Trans-New 5 14,000 Papua New Wissel Lakes Trans-New 5 100,000 Indonesia uncertain genetic affiliation.
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