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UHD**A.K.A Ultra HD TV, 3840 x 2160 resolution 23.976 to 120 fps with Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) There’s More... High Dynamic Range (HDR), Wide Colour Gamut (WCG) and Electro-Optical-Transfer-Functions Perceptional Quantization (PQ) and Hybrid Log Gamma (HLG) HD to UHD Resolution Comparison UHD-1 “4K” HD 2160P 3840x2160 UHD vs DCP vs DCI Resolution: 3840 x 2160 pixel 8.3Mpx Scanning format: progressive only UHD-1 “4K” 3840x2160 Bit depth: 10 – 12 bit 4K DCP 4096x2160 Frame rate: like HD, 100 and 120 fps 4K DI 4096x3112 Colour: Recommendation BT.2020 20xSD Sampling: 4:2:2, 4:4:4 production 10 or 12 bits RGB/YCbCr Aspect Ratio: 16x9 4:4:4, 4:2:2 or 4:2:0 4xHD sampling HDR10 Media Profile Progressive Only EOTF: SMPTE ST2084 Sampling: 4:2:0 120p, 119.88p,100p, Bit Depth: 10 bit 60p, 59.94p, 50p, Colour Primaries: ITU-R BT.2020 UHD 30p, 29.97p, 25p, Metadata: SMPTE ST2086, MaxFALL,4K MaxCLL 24p, 23.976p Latest Standards & Consortium

UHD Phase-A Denition

• Spatial Resolution 1080p (WCG & HDR) or 2160p • Colour Gamut BT.709, BT.2020 • Bit Depth 10-bit • Dynamic Range SDR, HDR (PQ, HLG) • Frame Rates* 24, 25, 30, 50, 60 • Video Codec HEVC, Main 10, Level 5.1 • Audio Channels Stereo or 5.1 or channel-based immersive audio • Audio Codec AC-3, EAC-3, HE-ACC, AAC-LC • Broadcast security AES or DVB-CSA3, using a minimum of 128 bits key size • IPTV / OTT security AES as dened by DVBTransmission Broadcast (TS), Multicast (IP), Unicast Live & On demand (DASH ISO BMFF) • Captions/Subtitles Coding (in/out formats) CTA-608/708, ETSI 300 743, ETSI 300 472, SCTE-27, IMSC1 * Fractional frame rates for 24, 30 and 60 fps are included, but not preferred.

Common Acquisition

Go-Pro Hero 4K Blackmagic Production Camera 4K Red Scarlet Red Scarlet-W JVC-GY-HMQ10 Sony AX1 4K Canon EOS-C500 Canon XC10

ARRI AMIRA AJA CION Sony F65 Sony F55 Sony HDC-4300 Sony PMW-F5 Red Weapon Dragon

0.9 520 Colorimetry 0.8 Rec.2020 540 Rec.2020 0.7 560 Rec.2020 Rec.709 Ultra High Definition recommendation 0.6 500 3840 × 2160 and 7680 × 4320, both 16:9 & square pixels 0.5 580 Frame rates: 120p, 119.88p, 100p, 60p, 59.94p, 50p, 30p, 29.97p, 25p, 24p, 23.976p y Bit depth of either 10-bits per sample or 12-bits per sample 0.4 600 620 RGB and YCbCr signal formats with 4:4:4, 4:2:2, and 4:2:0 sampling 0.3 D65 490 700 CIE Colour Space Comparison 0.2

480 Rec. 2020 covers 75.8% of CIE 1931 0.1 470 460 DCI P3 covers 45.5% of CIE 1931 0.0 380 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Rec 709 covers 35.9% of CIE 1931 x

Video High Dynamic Range (HDR) Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) Narrow 8-bit ) 2 219 Gradations Range Values 16-235 0.1 - 100 cd/m2 HDR SDR

High Dynamic Range (HDR) Narrow 10-bit 876 Gradations Range Values

Linear Luminance (cd/m BT.709 - 8 bit code levels 64-940 BT.709 - 10 bit code levels 0.0005 - 10,000 cd/m2 Perceptual Quantiser (PQ), SMPTE ST2084 - 10-bit code levels Hybrid Log Gamma (HLG) - 10-bit code levels

1000 Gradations (Code values)

Candela (cd) = Luminous Intensity = Photopic (well lit light sensitivity) + Scotopic (low lit light sensitivity) 1 nit = 1 cd/m2 = 0.292 foot-lamberts

Specication for PQ Transfer Used in ST2084 function Transfer function that allows for the display of high dynamic range (HDR) video with a luminance level of up to 10,000 cd/m2 and can be used with the Rec. 2020 colour space

Transfer Functions OOTF - Optical to Optical Transfer Function Reference Scene Opto-optical Display OETF - Optical to Electrical Transfer Function Light transfer function Light EOTF - Electrical to Optical Transfer Function

Inverse Display Scene OOTF EOTF Light EOTF Light

OETF EOTF

Encoding Decoding Signal Camera Display Perceptional Quantization (PQ)

Inverse Display Scene OETF OOTF Light OETF Light

EOTF Encoding Decoding Signal Camera Display Hybrid Log Gamma

Perception Quantization (PQ) & Rec.2100 Hybrid Log Gamma (HLG) High Dynamic Range recommendation 1920 x 1080, 3840 × 2160 and 7680 × 4320, All 16:9 & square pixels In collaboration with Frame rates: 120p, 119.88p, 100p, 60p, 59.94p, 50p, 30p, 29.97p, 25p, 24p, 23.976p Bit depth of either 10-bits per sample or 12-bits per sample RGB, YCbCr and ICtCp signal formats with 4:4:4, 4:2:2, and 4:2:0 sampling

Human Visual System 10-6 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10,000 106 108 Luminance in cd/m2 (NITS)

Rod Function Cone Function Mesopic Human Scotopic Photopic Visual System { Stead-State Human Visual System

SDR Display Display (219 Gradations) { HDR Display (876 Gradations)

RGB Wide Color Gamut (WCG)

8-bit ≈ 17 million colors, 256* code values The human eye can distinguish about 10 million different colours. 10-bit ≈ 1 billion colors, 1024* code values * Practical number of colours will be less 12-bit ≈ 69 billion colors, 4096* code levels due colour space sampling, foot-room and head-room exclusion Reference Monitors

8-bit linear ≈ 17 million colors, 256* code levels

Sony BVM X300 Sony PVM X550 Dolby PRM-4220 Canon DPV-2410

Visual Acuity* vs Resolution

*Visual acuity (VA) is acuteness or clearness of vision. Visual acuity is a measure of your central vision, the ability to distinguish details and shapes of Native Resolution 3840x2160 objects. Resolution and viewing distance are linked. Scaled HD to 4K Scaled SD to 4K 4K UHD Resolution vs Field of View UHD-1 “4K” 3840x2160

HD 1920x1080

Viewing Distance according to video resolution Typical applications of UHD 66° 33°

4K large screen HD Panning 4K to HD presentation & Scanning Descaling

Designed and Collated by Dair Design and Consulting Ltd. VD: SeptemberViewing 2015 Distance www.dairdc.com DS DS: Display Diagonal Size (inches) VD = NHR: Display native horizontal resolution (pixels) NHR 2 + 1 x CVR x 0.000291 NVR: Display native vertical resolution (pixels) NVR CVR: Vertical resolution of video (pixels)

12#(34)5 6 Gb/s !"#$%#&% '#() *$"&+%,-)% ./"&#")0 6/%)+5 7+&(#"0 !"#$%&'('" )*+!,- (../ (012.&*345678&9:;&(012.6<0..<&*34567 <.=.> 12 Gb/s !"#$%&!$+(.=< /*+!,- (.). !"#$%&!$+(.=( <(*+!,- (.). 24 Gb/s !"#$%&!$+(.=)@ ('*+!,- TBDA ('&*34567 (<(. SMPTE 2036-1 (2009) Ultra High De nition Television — Image Parameter Values for Program Production SMPTE 2036-2 (2008) Ultra High De nition Television — Audio Characteristics and Audio Channel Mapping for Program Production SMPTE 2036-3 (2010) Ultra High De nition Television — Mapping into Single-link or Multi-link 10 Gb/s Serial Signal/Data Interface UHD-1 Acquisition to Consumption

HD Camera (Rec.709) UHD Projection VFX & Compositing Digital Satellite Look Management (OpenEXR, RGB, Mastering & (Rec.709-> Rec.2020) Versioning Transmission Rec. 2020, HDR) (Rec.2020 -> Rec.2020) Transmission or (Rec.2100 -> Rec.2100) UHD Camera Distribution (Rec.2020) Transcoding

Color Space UHD Large Editorial Conversion Screen Logging Transcoding (Native and/or Mezzanine) 4K> Camera & Data & Digital Terrestrial Digital (DCI-P3) Man. Dailies Transmission UHD Master Copy x2 Rushes (Rec.2020 or Mobile Copy Rec.2100) Other 4K Audio Post Production Sources HD Master Cable TV Backup Copy x2 Copy (Rec.709 or Tablet Rec.2100) CGI Content NATIVE Grading & Finishing Creation (Native) AS-02 AS-11 Laptop/PC Archiving IPTV/Internet Pre-Viz X1 (Tape, Disk, Cloud) ACQUISITION POST PRODUCTION MASTERING TRANSCODING DELIVERY CONSUMER Recent & Future UHD-1 Broadcast and Distribution

And More...

Past Future Designed and Collated by Dair Design and Consulting Ltd. August 2015 www.dairdc.com