Integrated Waste Management

ELEMENT H INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT GOAL: Encourage solid waste reduction and provide for the efficient recycling and disposal of refuse and solid waste material without deteriorating the environment.

Description of Integrated Waste Management Element

Integrated waste management is described as a system for reducing, collecting, recycling and disposing of waste products generated by residential, institutional, commercial, and industrial land uses. Waste can be liquid and solid, hazardous and non-hazardous. The collection and disposal components of waste management are further described as follows:

1. Solid, Non-hazardous Waste.

Solid waste collection is usually accomplished by picking up refuse at the sources via collection vehicles, separating out recyclable materials at transfer stations, and then transporting the residual material

Solid wastes can be disposed of in several ways such as sanitary landfill, recycling, waste-to- energy, and composting.

Solid Waste Disposal Methods

Sanitary Landfill - An area where waste is dumped, then buried beneath a layer of earth. Landfills are usually equipped with a liner to reduce soil and water pollution from contaminated seepage.

Recycling - The process of recovering useful materials from solid waste, including items for reuse.

Waste-to-Energy - The only renewable energy technology that provides communities with dual environmental benefits: a clean source of electricity and clean trash disposal. In the waste-to-energy process, trash is used as a fuel to generate power such as electricity or steam for central heating or cooling.

Composting - The process of converting yard waste into a usable organic compost. This process allows the conservation of valuable landfill space and also provides an excellent soil amendment.

City of Irvine H-1 Integrated Waste Management Element General Plan 2. Liquid, Non-hazardous. Liquid, non-hazardous wastes are usually collected through a sewer system and treated at a waste water treatment facility with the liquid waste (effluent) being disposed of in the ocean or treated for reuse as reclaimed water. The resulting sludge can be disposed of in a sanitary landfill, sludge farm, or eliminated through incineration. 3. Hazardous Waste. Hazardous wastes are required by state law to be recycled, treated on site or treated at a designated waste treatment facility whereby hazardous materials are neutralized prior to final disposal. Liquid hazardous wastes are either treated at the waste source to neutralize hazardous components and then placed in the sewer system, or nontreated hazardous wastes are collected in specifically designed collection vehicles for ultimate disposal.

Existing Conditions 15.0 million gallons per day (mgd). Most treatment effluent from the plant is used in Residential, institutional, regional agricultural and landscape irrigation, with commercial, and industrial solid waste is some excess pumped to the Orange County presently collected by private firms, with Sanitation District for disposal. residential and village commercial collections franchised by the City. The waste collected is The county operates a Household Hazardous transported directly to the Frank Bowerman Materials Collection Center at the City of landfill. This facility is located north of Sand Irvine Corporate Yard in Planning Area 12. Canyon Avenue in Planning Area 3 and is Many hazardous materials, such as motor oil operated by the County of Orange. A solid and antifreeze, are recycled or used for fuel. waste transfer station exists within Planning Residues of treated hazardous wastes (solid Area 36 (Irvine Business Complex). Figure H- and liquid) are currently disposed of at 1 shows the location of existing waste specially permitted disposal and storage facilities in the City. facilities. No such sites exist in Orange County and, therefore, materials must be The City's existing wastewater system is transported to sites out of the county or out primarily managed by the Irvine Ranch of state.

Water District (The Orange County Sanitation District provides service to Trends (Planning Area 36 only.) Most of the City’s wastewater is collected and then treated at Waste generation can be expected to the Michelson Reclamation Plant located in increase as population in the City and county Planning Area 23. The plant was continues to grow. As landfill capacity constructed in 1966 and most recently decreases, additional solid waste disposal expanded in 1980 to its present capacity of facilities will be necessary. This demand

City of Irvine H-2 Integrated Waste Management Element General Plan

Supplement No. 3 February 2005 will also have an effect on collection and environmental and disposal costs. economic impacts of disposal. The Public awareness of the replacement of county's role in sanitary landfills with some other waste providing waste disposal option will perhaps be the most disposal sites may critical issue of waste management in the be minimized if the following private sector years. assumes Efforts to responsibility for limit waste providing waste flowing into disposal facilities. Such a shift in roles landfills would increase the responsibility of the City through to review and control waste facility sites. source However, in 1998 the cities in Orange reduction and recycling will become County entered into a ten-year agreement increasingly important as the economies of with the county to continue using the Frank scale for landfill construction and operation Bowerman landfill, which will continue becomes increasingly prohibitive, in terms under county operation. of land and haul costs, as well as costs associated with environmental degradation. In 1989 the State of California adopted, the Types of Waste Integrated Solid Waste Management Act (AB939), which mandated that each city and Solid Waste - common household-variety trash with county develop and implement waste little or no liquid included reduction and recycling plans. AB939 Wastewater - all liquid waste dumped in the sewer requires all jurisdictions to divert 50 percent system via drains and toilets in households and of solid waste generated (as compared to businesses 1990 levels) from landfills by the year 2000 or face the possibility of severe financial Green waste - waste generated from maintaining penalties. As of mid-1998, a significant landscaping, including grass and tree clippings amount of all waste generated in the City of Biosolids - solids remaining after treating wastewater Irvine, including office paper, cardboard, Note: Many common products (paint, fertilizers, aluminum, green waste, plastics, glass and household cleaners), as well as many commercially construction materials, is being diverted used chemicals, are considered “hazardous.” from the landfill and reused or recycled Hazardous waste can show up anywhere, in: through City and private sector programs. household waste, wastewater, green waste, or biosolids. Another trend that can be expected in the coming years is a shift from conventional Urban wastewater runoff is regulated by the handling of solid and liquid hazardous Federal Water Pollution Control Act, which wastes and sludge disposal to other requires discharges into navigable waters to alternatives more responsive to the meet stringent standards. This is

City of Irvine H-3 Integrated Waste Management Element General Plan

Supplement No. 3 February 2005 implemented through the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Construction activity, farming, and Identification of Issues automobile maintenance are examples of some of the activities covered by the NPDES. 1. What role should the City play in The purpose of the system is to reduce the determining the location of solid waste pollutants (trichloroethane, lead, zinc, carbon, facilities? pesticides, fertilizers, etc.) that accumulate from everyday activities on lands, streets and 2. What control does the City have in parking lots. Such pollutants are carried into regulating privately operated disposal the storm drains and ultimately into surface facilities? water bodies such as San Diego Creek and Upper Newport Bay. The City, as co-holder 3. What criteria can be used in with the county and other jurisdictions of a determining the land use compatibility general discharge permit, has adopted of a waste facility? standards and Best Management Practices 4. What is the City's responsibility in (“BMPs”) to control this type of pollution. providing facilities (through land use The Best Management Practices (BMPs) for decisions) for other cities' benefit? new development and significant redevelopment projects are subject to the Water Quality Management Plan requirements pursuant to Section 7 of the Drainage Area Management Plan (DAMP).

City of Irvine H-4 Integrated Waste Management Element General Plan

Supplement No. 3 February 2005 Response to Issues impacts generated by rodent and insect populations, odors, and ground water The following objectives and policies conditions. respond to the identified issues. Policy (e): Develop a detailed implementation program regarding the need and timing for transfer station(s) OBJECTIVE H-1: within the City. SOLID WASTE Policy (f): Explore the possibility for a Cooperate in guiding the system of solid waste management and development and improvement of a collection that will facilitate recycling solid waste disposal system within waste products and the possible generation the County of Orange that will meet of fuel at either a Citywide, planning area or residential unit scale. the needs of the City and protect the City from damage by unplanned Policy (g): Require, to the extent necessary disposal of refuse. to comply with state law, during discretionary application review, solid waste reduction and recycling efforts for residential, commercial, industrial, The following policies support institutional and recreational land uses to Objective H-1: reduce the amount of waste disposed at landfills. Policy (a): Use the General Plan land use categories and building intensity standards Require businesses which intend to handle as a basis for estimating waste disposal or store hazardous substances (waste and requirements and program needs. materials) to obtain all necessary permits and comply with all regulations and Policy (b): Encourage continued study of standards administered by the California alternative waste disposal methods and Environmental Protection Agency technology with emphasis on reuse of (Cal/EPA) - Department of Toxic solid waste materials and on waste-to- Substances Control, Orange County Health energy. Care Agency, Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board, South Coast Air Policy (c): Develop all waste disposal Quality Management District, Orange programs in cooperation with landowners, County Fire Authority and the City of the county, and other jurisdictional and Irvine Zoning, Building, and Public Safety regulatory agencies. Codes.

Policy (d): Work closely with the Policy (h): Support the Orange County operator(s) of existing landfill sites to Integrated Waste Management minimize deleterious effects on Department’s Regional Household surrounding land uses including possible Hazardous Materials Collection Center

City of Irvine H-5 Integrated Waste Management Element General Plan program through public awareness education programs, such as City cable TV Policy (a): Use the compatibility matrix and announcements, pamphlets, etc. rating chart as shown in Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix H in reviewing proposed solid waste disposal or transfer station sites. The California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) defines Policy (b): Coordinate with the County of hazardous waste as follows: Orange as early as possible in the planning of solid waste facilities within the City. Hazardous waste -- includes any waste that, due to its quantity, concentration, or Policy (c): Pursue citizen input early in the physical, chemical, or infectious planning process in order to identify characteristics may either: community concerns regarding the Cause, or significantly contribute to, location of any solid waste facility within an increase in mortality or an the City. increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness. Policy (d): Review waste facility proposals in terms of costs and benefits to the City of Pose a substantial present or Irvine. Particular attention should be paid potential hazard to human health or to large scale facilities where the bulk of the environment when improperly waste is generated outside of the City. treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed. Policy (e): Require sanitary landfill operators to use the best available technology as part of their landfill operations.

Policy (f): Require landfills to operate in OBJECTIVE H-2: such a manner as to minimize adverse SOLID WASTE FACILITY environmental impacts. SITING REQUIREMENTS Control the siting of solid waste disposal facilities to minimize impact on adjacent or existing planned land uses.

The following policies support Objective H-2:

City of Irvine H-6 Integrated Waste Management Element General Plan Policy (c): Require a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit to be obtained from the State Water Resources Control Board whenever OBJECTIVE H-3: surface water is collected anywhere for WASTE WATER discharge as a point source, or if a point source discharge is contemplated, a Control wastewater and storm runoff National Pollution Discharge Elimination in a manner to minimize impact on System (NPDES) permit must be obtained adjacent existing or planned land from the State Water Resources Control uses. Board.

Encourage the use of alternative Best The following policies support Management Practices (BMPs) to control and minimize urban pollutant runoff. Objective H-3: Policy (d): Limit disturbance of natural Policy (a): Encourage the use of recycled water bodies and drainage systems; water sources for secondary water uses, conserve natural areas; protect slopes and such as fire hydrants, on-site fire sprinkler channels; and minimize impacts from systems, and waste water systems, and for stormwater and urban runoff on the irrigation purposes to the greatest extent biological integrity of natural drainage feasible. systems and water bodies.

Policy (b): Require developers of new projects located adjacent to or upstream of Policy (e): Minimize changes in hydrology natural water courses to develop surface and pollutant loading; require drainage systems which will direct low incorporation of control; including flows (those which carry the most structural and non-structural BMPs, to pollutants) away from natural water source mitigate the projected increases in into an area designed to remove pollutants. pollutant loads and flows; ensure that post- Require evidence be provided that any development runoff rates and velocities proposed development will have adequate from a site have no significant adverse sewer service, including assurance that impact on downstream erosion and stream collection and treatment capacity can be habitat; minimize the quantity of accommodated. stormwater directed to impermeable surfaces and the Municipal Separate Storm Systems (MS4s) and maximize the percentage of permeable surfaces to allow more percolation of stormwater into the ground.

Policy (f): Preserve wetlands, riparian corridors, and buffer zones and establish

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Supplement No. 3 February 2005 reasonable limits on the clearing of vegetation from the project site.

Policy (g): Encourage the use of water quality wetlands, biofiltration swales, watershed scale retrofits, etc., where such measures are likely to be effective and technically and economically feasible.

Policy (h): Provide for appropriate permanent measures to reduce stormwater pollutant loads from the development site.

Policy (i): Establish development guidelines for areas particularly susceptible to erosion and sediment loss.

Civilization is a limitless multiplication of unnecessary necessities.

Mark Twain

RELATED OBJECTIVE NUMBERS

The following objectives are related to the Integrated Waste Management Element:

Land Use Element - A-4, A-6 Public Facilities and Services Element - G-1, G-2 Energy Element – I-3 Conservation & Open Space Element - L-6

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Supplement No. 3 February 2005 City of Irvine

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O A D SUPPLEMENT 7 - MARCH 2009