EPR Toolbox | Know-how to enable Extended Producer Responsibility for packaging Note: This is an Interactive PDF. You can use the buttons on the left | 1 to navigate, skip forward and backward and get more information. Menu Step back Previous Page Next Page Glossary Country Reports Acknowledgement private sector, the Packaging and Recycling Association for Indonesia Sustainable Environment (PRAISE), Sustainable Waste Indonesia (SWI), Waste4Change, the Indonesia The presented EPR Toolbox was initiated during the launching event of the PREVENT Recycler Association (ADUPI), the Indonesia Packaging Federation (PACKINDO) and the Waste Alliance within a multi-stakeholder process on May 9, 2019. The PREVENT Waste Indonesia Food and Beverages Association (GAPPMI) who actively supported several Alliance is financed by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and working meetings. The activities in Indonesia were also supported by the “Rethinking Development (BMZ). Plastics – Circular Economy Solutions to Marine Litter” project, co-funded by the BMZ and the European Union. On behalf of BMZ and the GIZ sector project “Concepts for sustainable waste manage- ment and circular economy” we would like to extend our gratitude to all members of Last but not least, we would like to thank the following colleagues and experts, the PREVENT Waste Alliance who actively participated in several working meetings as who reviewed the EPR Toolbox and provided valuable comments and suggestions: well as the final synthesis workshop on Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) in May 2020. Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge the continuous support and The following representatives of PREVENT member institutions: Mr. Helmut guidance extended by the PREVENT Steering Committee, as well as from numerous Schmitz, Dr. Jochen Hertlein, Mr. Uwe Kleinert, Ms. Christina Jäger, Ms. Patricia PREVENT members for their valuable comments and inputs during the various steps Schröder, Dr. Burkhard Berninger, Dr. Thomas Fischer, Ms. Simone Walter, Dr. of product development. Andreas Jaron, Mr. Thomas Schuldt and Dr. Bernhard Bauske To clarify needs and requirements related to EPR in view of conditions and constraints Partners from Indonesia: Mr. Wibowo Karyanto, Ms. Sinta Kaniawati, Mr. Triyono prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, the authors of the EPR toolbox Prijoesilo, Ms. Christine Halim, Mr. Justin Wiganda, Mr. Randi Saputra, and Mr. involved diverse partners from developing countries from the beginning in several Rangga Akib. co-creation activities, whereas we would especially like to extend our gratitude to the following partner organisations from Ghana and Indonesia: Working meetings took Partners from Ghana: Mr. Oliver Boachie, Mrs. Lydia Essuah, Mr. Kwame Asamoa place in Ghana whereas representatives from the Ministry of Environment, Science, Mensa-Yawson, Ms. Cordie Aziz, Ms. Adwoa Coleman. Technology and Innovation (MESTI) and the private sector organisation Global Recycling Initiative by Private Enterprises (GRIPE) actively supported us. In parallel, correspond- Colleagues from GIZ: Ms. Ellen Gunsilius, Mr. Joseph Mishael Sikanartey, Mr. Michael ing meetings took place in Indonesia with the Directorate for Environment of the Funcke-Bartz, Mr. Philip Jain and Ms. Julia Körner. National Development Planning Agency of Indonesia (Kementerian PPN/BAPPENAS), the “Rethinking Plastics – Circular Economy Solutions to Marine Litter” project team: Directorate for Solid Waste Management of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Ms. Lena Kampe, Mr. Alvaro Zurita, Ms. Imporn Ardbutra, Mr. Richard Caballero, Mr. (KLHK), the Environmental Agency of Jakarta Province and representatives of the Rocky Pairunan, Dr. Fanny Quertamp, Ms. Ying Zhou. | 2 Menu Step back Previous Page Next Page Glossary Country Reports Content | Overview Click on a module or topic to get there Factsheet 00: Preface, introduction, Factsheet 06: How can the collection Factsheet 11: How can high-quality Germany glossary and key readings of packaging waste be recycling be ensured? organised? Chile Factsheet 01: How can roles and Factsheet 12: How can the recyclability responsibilities in Factsheet 07: How can sorting of packaging be South Africa packaging value chains procedures for packaging increased? be defined? waste be organised? Republic of Korea Factsheet 13: How can the market Factsheet 02: How can a PRO be Factsheet 08 How can the informal demand for recycled Tunisia established? sector get involved in the plastics be increased? system? Factsheet 03: How can financial flows be managed, and fees and Factsheet 09: How can citizens be payments be set? incentivised to separate packaging waste at the Factsheet 04 How can a register of source? obliged companies be established? Factsheet 10: How can deposit refund systems be set up? Factsheet 05: How can a regulatory framework be designed? | 3 Menu Step back Previous Page Next Page Glossary Authors & Country Reports Imprint Factsheet 00: Preface, introduction, glossary and key readings Factsheet 01: How can roles and responsibilities in MODULE 1 packaging value chains be defined? General aspects of Factsheet 02 How can a PRO be established? EPR schemes for packaging Factsheet 03: How can financial flows be managed, and fees and payments be set? Factsheet 04: How can a register of obliged companies be established? Factsheet 05: How can a regulatory framework be designed? | 4 Menu Step back Previous Page Next Page Glossary Country Reports The supply of goods is organised and financed by the private sector. On the other Factsheet 00 Introduction hand, responsibility for waste disposal generally lies with the public sector which, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, is often underregulated and Preface, introduction, glossary and key readings massively underfunded. The issue of who should bear the organisational and financial responsibilities associated with the arising packaging waste and who should be “ A circular economy aims to maintain the value of products, materials and charged with delivering improvements to packaging and recycling infrastructure, resources for as long as possible by returning them into the product cycle is crucial for creating a circular economy. at the end of their use, while minimising the generation of waste.” 1 Experience suggests that the principle of mandatory Extended Producer Responsibility Preface (EPR) can have significant potential to achieve a range of policy objectives. These The global supply of goods has changed drastically over the last 50 years. The number policy objectives encompass changes both upstream (e.g. design for recycling) and of different products on the market is increasing and individual items are being downstream (e.g. increased collection, higher overall rates of recycling and improved produced on an ever-increasing scale. Concurrently, innovation in packaging tech- technologies for sorting and packaging recycling). nology has opened up new distribution channels. These have reduced food waste and allowed goods to be stored for extended periods and be transported over long The concept of Extended Producer Responsibility was first devised for Germany’s distances. Due to packaging, goods and valuable resources are protected while packaging industry in the late 1980s. It is an environmentally-focused approach keeping costs under control. However, pollution caused by packaging disposed of based on the ‘polluter-pays’ principle, according to which whoever introduces packaging incorrectly is an increasingly serious problem, and one that needs to be addressed or packaged goods into a country’s market remains responsible for it until the end urgently by designing products that are easier to recycle, and investing in collection of the packaging life cycle, including the time period after disposal. Besides packaging, and recycling systems. EPR systems often cover electronic devices and batteries, but principally, the sys- tem could be applied to any product type. These kinds of systems cannot be established without a strong coordinating body, backed up by transparent and stable sources of funding. Making packaging easier to Since the concept of EPR first emerged, a number of ‘EPR systems’ have been reuse and recycle requires a combination of upstream initiatives and support, which developed in a wide range of countries. A 2013 study conducted by the OECD stated in turn need to be complemented by downstream initiatives to deliver improvements that over 400 different EPR systems were already in operation.2 However, not all of to collection, sorting and recycling systems. these supposedly EPR-based systems actually force producers to assume responsi- bility for their waste. In many cases, they consist merely of taxes levied on packaging 1 Eurostat (no year). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/circular-economy 2 OECD (2013), What have we learned about extended producer responsibility in the past decade? – | 5 A survey of the recent EPR economic literature, Paris Menu Step back Previous Page Next Page Glossary Country Reports or raw materials, and the revenue raised by the taxes is used to finance general are extracted, processed, distributed, consumed and, finally, disposed of, the spending. In some countries, EPR legislation is statutory, but it is not enforced. concept of the circular economy encourages a circular life cycle for resources within the economy. This helps to maximise the available supply of resources at the same The owners of many private companies have now