Property Manager Composting Toolkit
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What Is a Materials Recovery Facility? a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF
What is a Materials Recovery Facility? A materials recovery facility (MRF) is a specialized plant that receives, separates and prepares recyclable materials for sale to end-user manufacturers. It is important that the materials which come out of the MRF are clean, properly sorted and relatively free of impurities. How It Works Step 1: It All Starts with YOU! You begin by preparing your recyclables (e.g., you rinse bottles and cans, flatten cardboard) and place them in the residential recycling bin at the curb. Step 2: Materials are Collected and Delivered to a MRF Recycling crews drive through your neighborhood and collect the materials. They transport the materials to a MRF where they are weighed and offloaded onto the floor. Step 3: Recyclables are Put on Conveyor Belts Commingled materials (i.e., steel cans, aluminum cans, plastic bottles, cardboard and mixed paper) are put onto conveyors that are used to transport the material streams inside the MRF. Step 4: Materials are Sorted The conveyors go past semi-automated sorting lines. In this process, workers remove debris and sort the materials by type. In addition to hand sorting, materials undergo both simple and complex automated processes. For example, disc screens separate fiber from containers and 2-D from 3-D materials. While an overhead magnet is used to remove steel cans from other recyclables. Step 5: Recyclables are Prepared for Transport Once recyclables have gone through all the necessary sorting processes, they are prepared for transport. Some materials (i.e., plastics, metal cans, paper, cardboard) are compressed into large dense cubes or bales. -
Permaculture Principles
An Introduction by Damian Mason “Permaculture is a philosophy of working with, rather than against nature; of protracted and thoughtful observation rather than protracted and thoughtless labor; and of looking at plants and animals in all their functions, rather than treating everything as a single product system.” - Bill Mollison Organic Gardening Sustainable Cities Native Plants Food Banks & Gleaning Aquaponics Programs Greywater Systems Animals & Bee-Keeping Natural Buildings Disaster Relief & Preparedness Farmer’s Markets Conflict Resolution Slow Food Solutions to Climate Community Gardens Change Eco-villages & Cohousing Bioremediation Social Justice Beavers are a keystone species that turn deserts into gardens and mitigate drought & climate change. Uses local material to build home & makes habitat for many others as well. Shares lodge in winters. Hydrology 101: Slow it, Spread it, Sink it Take care of the earth. Leave it better than you found it. Care for all people. Return the surplus so that all may get a Fair Share. The focus is on creating a synergy where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.” By taking time to engage with nature we can design solutions that suit our particular situation. Example: Weed or medicinal herb? Consider a plant that, when used as a poultice, has the ability to radically speed up wound healing. When eaten they boost the immune system, while the seed heads produce the digestive aid psyllium husk. This remarkable plant is often found just outside of the back door. It is plantain, a plant we usually dismiss as a ‘weed’. -
Using Contract Language to Improve Recycling
DOWNSTREAM DUE DILIGENCE TO CREATE CLEAN AND MARKETABLE FEEDSTOCKS: USING CITY CODE AND CONTRACT LANGUAGE TO ACHIEVE RESPONSIBLE RECYCLING May 2020 This report is in support of King County’s Responsible Recycling Task Force, Task 5A, which explores using city code and city-hauler contract language to favor or require proper sorting, processing, and recycling of collected recyclable materials. Contract and code language should address all steps and parties in the material handling process including haulers, sorters, brokers, processors, and manufacturers who use recycled material. The report begins with a discussion of how we call out or identify proper recycling, some existing methods of codifying responsible recycling, general approaches for contract language, and some recommended sources for code and contract language. How Do We Know “Responsible Recycling” When We See It When we sort materials for recycling, we expect they will be processed in ways that conserve resources and protect human health and safety. However, different materials have different recycling pathways, which can change often. Markets fluctuate and brokers react. This makes it difficult to identify the final processor or end-user of a material, and therefore hard to assess if the process is environmentally and socially responsible. City codes and city-hauler contracts can be used to define proper recycling or specify environmental and human health practices necessary for proper recycling. Different cities and organizations use various strategies to identify and establish proper recycling outcomes: • Washington State’s Utilities and Transportation Commission (UTC) requires that “local markets” be used whenever possible. • Bothell’s Recology contract states that electronics & small appliance processors must be "fully-permitted and properly operated" and "legitimate". -
Automated Waste Collection – How to Make Sure It Makes Sense for Your Community
AUTOMATED WASTE COLLECTION – HOW TO MAKE SURE IT MAKES SENSE FOR YOUR COMMUNITY Marc J. Rogoff, Ph.D. Richard E. Lilyquist, P.E. SCS Engineers Public Works Department Tampa, Florida City of Lakeland Lakeland, Florida Donald Ross Jeffrey L. Wood Kessler Consulting, Inc Solid Waste Division Tampa, Florida City of Lakeland Lakeland, Florida ABSTRACT Automated side-load trucks were first implemented in the City of Phoenix in the 1970s with the aim of ending The decision to implement solid waste collection the back-breaking nature of residential solid waste automation is a complex one and involves a number of collection, and to minimize worker injuries. Since then factors that should be considered, including engineering, thousands of public agencies and private haulers have risk management, technology assessment, costs, and moved from the once traditional read-load method of public acceptance. This paper analyzes these key issues waste collection to one that also provides the customer and provides a case study of how waste collection with a variety of choices in standardized, rollout carts. automation was considered by the City of Lakeland, These automated programs have enabled communities Florida. throughout the country to significantly reduce worker compensation claims and minimize insurance expenses, HOW DID AUTOMATED COLLECTION GET while at the same time offer opportunities to workers STARTED? who are not selected for their work assignment based solely on physical skills. The evolution of solid waste collection vehicles has been historically driven by an overwhelming desire by solid MODERN APPLICATION OF AUTOMATION waste professionals to collect more waste for less money, as well as lessening the physical demands on sanitation In an automated collection system, residents are provided workers. -
Choosing a Soil Amendment Fact Sheet No
Choosing a Soil Amendment Fact Sheet No. 7.235 Gardening Series|Basics by J.G. Davis and D. Whiting* A soil amendment is any material added not be used as a soil amendment. Don’t add Quick Facts to a soil to improve its physical properties, sand to clay soil — this creates a soil structure such as water retention, permeability, water similar to concrete. • On clayey soils, soil infiltration, drainage, aeration and structure. Organic amendments increase soil amendments improve the The goal is to provide a better environment organic matter content and offer many soil aggregation, increase for roots. benefits. Over time, organic matter improves porosity and permeability, and To do its work, an amendment must be soil aeration, water infiltration, and both improve aeration, drainage, thoroughly mixed into the soil. If it is merely water- and nutrient-holding capacity. Many and rooting depth. buried, its effectiveness is reduced, and it will organic amendments contain plant nutrients interfere with water and air movement and and act as organic fertilizers. Organic matter • On sandy soils, soil root growth. also is an important energy source for amendments increase the Amending a soil is not the same thing bacteria, fungi and earthworms that live in water and nutrient holding as mulching, although many mulches also the soil. capacity. are used as amendments. A mulch is left on the soil surface. Its purpose is to reduce Application Rates • A variety of products are available bagged or bulk for evaporation and runoff, inhibit weed growth, Ideally, the landscape and garden soils and create an attractive appearance. -
Compost? Compost Pile?
What Do I How Do I Need to Make Start My Compost? Compost Pile? Start by picking a location. When Here’s What You Need… choosing a location look for one that is: • Well-drained and close to level • In partial shade, to help with Composting water retention • At least 1-foot away from walls, What is Composting? fences, bushes, trees etc. • A convenient spot to place Compost is a dark brown, earthy, Other You May Want to Consider: materials and to get the end crumbly material consisting of • Compost pile location product to its final location decomposed organic matter. • How quickly you want the Once you choose your location you Benefits of Composted Material: materials to breakdown will want to loosen the soil so that When added to soil, compost • How you plan to use your your compost will come into improves soil by helping with finished compost contact with the soil. both its porosity and water Other tools you may want to help retention, while providing you get started: essential nutrients plants require. Now You’re Ready Composting also diverts waste • Compost bin to Begin Your Compost Pile! from the waste stream and our • Pitchfork (compost turner) landfills! • Probe thermometer How does Material Decompose? • Chipper/shredder Thousands of Microorganisms • Wheelbarrow (for transport) work to break down the material. If conditions are properly managed we can speed up the Contact The Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Sustainability Division, for More Information: process. Phone: 207-592-0455 Mail: 17 SHS Augusta, ME Building Your Compost Pile Once you have loosened up the soil at your location, you may want to pile 4” to 6” layer of twigs on top of the plot to encourage airflow at the bottom of the pile. -
Improving Plastics Management: Trends, Policy Responses, and the Role of International Co-Operation and Trade
Improving Plastics Management: Trends, policy responses, and the role of international co-operation and trade POLICY PERSPECTIVES OECD ENVIRONMENT POLICY PAPER NO. 12 OECD . 3 This Policy Paper comprises the Background Report prepared by the OECD for the G7 Environment, Energy and Oceans Ministers. It provides an overview of current plastics production and use, the environmental impacts that this is generating and identifies the reasons for currently low plastics recycling rates, as well as what can be done about it. Disclaimers This paper is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and the arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. For Israel, change is measured between 1997-99 and 2009-11. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Copyright You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. -
Shameek Vats UPCYCLING of HOSPITAL TEXTILES INTO FASHIONABLE GARMENTS Master of Science Thesis
Shameek Vats UPCYCLING OF HOSPITAL TEXTILES INTO FASHIONABLE GARMENTS Master of Science Thesis Examiner: Professor Pertti Nousiainen and university lecturer Marja Rissanen Examiner and topic approved by the Council, Faculty of Engineering Sci- ences on 6 May 2015 i ABSTRACT TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master‘s Degree Programme in Materials Engineering VATS, SHAMEEK: Upcycling of hospital textiles into fashionable garments Master of Science Thesis, 64 pages, 3 Appendix pages July 2015 Major: Polymers and Biomaterials Examiner: Professor Pertti Nousianen and University lecturer Marja Rissanen Keywords: Upcycling, Textiles, Cotton polyester fibres, Viscose fibres, Polymer Fibers, Degradation, Life Cycle Assessment(LCA), Recycling, Cellulose fibres, Waste Hierarchy, Waste Management, Downcycling The commercial textile circulation in Finland works that a company is responsi- ble for supplying and maintenance of the textiles. The major customers include hospitals and restaurants chains. When the textiles are degraded and unsuitable for use, a part of it is acquired by companies, like, TAUKO Designs for further use. The rest part is unfortunately sent to the landfills. We tried to answer some research questions, whether the waste fabrics show the properties good enough to be used to manufacture new garments. If the prop- erties of the waste textiles are not conducive enough to be made into new fab- rics,whether or not other alternatives could be explored. A different view of the thesis also tries to reduce the amount of textile waste in the landfills by explor- ing different methods. This was done by characterizing the waste for different properties. The amount of cellulose polyester fibres was calculated along with breaking force and mass per unit area. -
Craven Recycling-Frequently Asked Questions
Craven County Curbside Recycling Program Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Q: I have not received a recycling roll cart or I’m a new resident. How do I get a recycling roll cart? A: Please call Waste Industries dba GFL at 252-638-1366 to request a 95 gallon recycling roll cart. Q: What do the carts look like? A: The carts are 95 gallon lime green roll carts with lids and they are easily distinguishable from the old bins or trash bins. They are stamped with GFL which stands for Waste Industries dba Green for Life (GFL). The cart you receive will also have information stamped on the top in white lettering. The dimensions of the cart are 42 inches tall and 35 inches wide at the top. Q: What day will my new cart be serviced? A: Each cart will be delivered with a calendar with the weeks color coded. Your cart will have a colored decal with the day of the week notated. Look at your calendar to find your week and day according to the colored decal on your cart. For example, if you have a red decal with an M, then you are serviced on Mondays on the red weeks. Your cart will be serviced every four weeks. If you lose your calendar, please go to www.cravenrecycles.com and use the Recycling Pickup Schedule App to find your recycling dates. Carts should be placed curbside by 7:00 a.m. on collection day. Q: The sticker on my cart has faded and I cannot read it. -
FAQ for Recycle Right
FAQ For Recycle Right Why did the guidelines change for curbside recycling? Curbside recycling is facing a contamination crisis. Contamination is caused when people place materials in the recycling bin that do not belong. Recycling processors have a difficult time sorting out the trash, which makes its way into the sorted/bailed material that is sold to market. For a long time, China was the largest buyer of this material from the U.S. And because of increasing contamination levels, China made the decision to stop importing this material. This left the U.S. with an overabundance of recyclable commodities (re: bailed material) with a lot of trash mixed in. To address the contamination issue in Lancaster County, and ensure curbside recycling is sustainable, we went “back to the basics” with four material types that have a strong domestic market—meaning, there is a demand for this material by manufacturers in the U.S. We call these materials the “Big 4” and include: 1) corrugated cardboard (like shipping and packing boxes), 2) metal food and beverage cans, 3) plastic bottles and jugs with a neck, and 4) glass bottles and jars. Why are some materials allowed in the recycling bin, while others go to a drop-off location? In Lancaster County, we use a process called “single-stream” recycling, where residents can put all their approved recyclables into one bin. These materials are collected and taken to a materials recovery facility (MRF) where they are sorted, bailed, and sold to manufacturers, who turn them into new products. The sorting process is mostly automated, using various screens, magnets, and optical sorters to identify materials. -
COMPOST FEASIBILITY STUDY April 2017
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COMPOST FEASIBILITY STUDY April 2017 COMMISSIONED BY: District of Columbia Department of Public Works PREPARED BY: 416 LONGSHORE DRIVE ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 734.996.1361 RECYCLE.COM TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Background and Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 7 Current Operations ................................................................................................................................... 8 SSO Collection ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Processing ............................................................................................................................................... 11 Organics Collection ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Processing Technology ................................................................................................................................ 14 Organics Outreach ....................................................................................................................................... 16 SSO Curbside Collection Modeling ............................................................................................................. -
2021 Livingston County Solid Waste Program Recycling Events Information: Or Call 517-545-9609 Or E-Mail [email protected]
2021 Livingston County Solid Waste Program Recycling Events Information:www.livgov.com/dpw or call 517-545-9609 or e-mail [email protected] HOUSEHOLD COMPOST BIN AND RAIN HAZARDOUS WASTE BARREL SALE COLLECTIONS COUNTY Sale CLOSED RESIDENTS ONLY NO BUSINESSES Appointment Required - Space is Limited Register on-line at www.livgov.com/dpw All events are held on Saturdays from 9 am - Noon Pre-Order Pickup May 22, 2021 - Howell Watch for 2022 Dates July 31, 2021 - Green Oak Township Order and September 25, 2021 - Howell Pay online ACCEPTED ITEMS: Household chemicals - bath, kitchen, garage, auto, gar- livingstoncompostersale.ecwid.com/ den, pool, photography; also sharps, fluorescent tubes, batteries, smoke de- tectors, mercury thermometers (double bag in plastic), small 1 lb. propane Call 517-546-0040 tanks, aerosol cans, fire extinguishers, etc. For pickup information NOT ACCEPTED: NO LATEX PAINT, containers larger than 5 gals., propane tanks larger than 1 lb., unlabeled/unknown waste, tires, radioactive material, Please bring e-mailed receipt. explosives or ammunition, bio hazardous waste. E-WASTE COLLECTION SCRAP TIRE (TVs, Computers, Electronics) RECYCLING LIVINGSTON COUNTY RESIDENTS DROP-OFF SMALL BUSINESS (UNDER 10 EMPLOYEES) July 17, 2021 & October 2, 2021 Passenger or Light Truck tires from 9 am - 1 pm Livingston County Residents Limit 10 - No businesses Livingston County Road Commission Parking Lot 3535 Grand Oaks Drive October 23, 2021 Appointment NOT required. Made possible by 9:00 am to 1:00 pm ACCEPTED ITEMS: Computers and related items: PCs, desktops, towers, servers, iPads, laptops, monitors 14”-21” CRT or LCD; printers, circuit boards, Space Is Limited etc.