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Plastic Garbage Patch Dissection Lesson Plan
Plastic Garbage Patch Dissection Lesson Plan 1. Garbology Time Line/ Introduction Objective: Demonstrate that when we throw trash away it doesn't really go “away;” it takes a long time to decompose. Location: Anywhere that is not windy Time: 10-20 minutes Materials: Garbology Timeline Cards Instructions: Hand out the Garbology Timeline pictures so each student has one. Before you begin, have the student talk to their neighbors about how long they think the object they were given will take to decompose. Have the students introduce themselves, say what object they have, and how long they think it will take to decompose. Lay the Time Markers on the ground in order, ask students to put the cards in sequential order of decomposition rates. Each picture corresponds to a Time Markers: one picture per marker. The decomposition rates are based on time first placed in a landfill until it is no longer recognizable. Give the students time to set up the Timeline. The order is as follows: 2-4 Weeks- Paper Towel 3-4 Weeks- Banana Peel 1 Month- Paper Bag 3 Months- Cotton 6 Months- Orange Peel (citrus hampers decomposition times) 3-14 Months- Rope Made of Natural Fibers 5 Years- Cardboard Milk Carton (Milk cartons are coated in wax, this adds to decomposition time) 10-12 Years- Cigarette Butt 25-40 Years- Leather Shoe (The leather is treated, adding to decomposition time) 30-40 Years- Clothing Made of Nylon Fabric 200-500 Years- Aluminum Can 450 Years- Plastic Bottle 550 Years- Disposable Diaper 800 Years- Monofilament Fishing Line Unknown- Glass Bottle Go through the timeline together and fix any errors; give the students a chance to correct some along the way if they would like. -
State of Utah DIVISION of WASTE MANAGEMENT GARY R
Department of Environmental Quality L. Scott Baird Executive Director State of Utah DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT GARY R. HERBERT AND RADIATION CONTROL Governor Ty L. Howard SPENCER J. COX Director Lieutenant Governor November 5, 2020 Cassady Kristensen Environmental Business Partner Rio Tinto Kennecott 4700 Daybreak Parkway South Jordan, UT 84009 RE: Kennecott Utah Copper Tailings Impoundment Refuse Class IIIb Landfill Permit Dear Ms. Kristensen: The Division of Waste Management and Radiation Control (Division) has completed its review of the application to permit the Rio Tinto Kennecott Utah Copper Tailings Impoundment Refuse Class IIIb Landfill located on the Rio Tinto Kennecott Tailings Impoundment facility in Salt Lake County, Utah. Enclosed with this letter is the approved Permit Number 1905 and applicable attachments from portions of the application. The Permit approval and expiration dates are shown on the permit cover page. Also, the Statement of Basis for this permit (DSHW-2020-014707) is included with the permit. If you have any questions, please call Doug Taylor at (801) 536-0240. Sincerely, Ty L. Howard, Director Division of Waste Management and Radiation Control (Over) DSHW-2020-014711 195 North 1950 West • Salt Lake City, UT Mailing Address: P.O. Box 144880 • Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4880 Telephone (801) 536-0200 • Fax (801) 536-0222 • T.D.D. (801) 536-4284 www.deq.utah.gov Printed on 100% recycled paper TLH/DT/ar Enclosures: Permit (DSHW-2020-004084) Attachment #1 - Landfill Design (DSHW-2020-004510) Attachment #2 – Operation Plan (DSHW- 2020-004512) Attachment #3 – Closure and Post-Closure Plan (DSHW-2020-004514) Statement of Basis (DSHW-2020-014707) c: Gary Edwards, MS, Health Officer, Salt Lake County Health Dept. -
Alternative Histories and North American Archaeology
PAU01 9/17/2004 8:32 PM Page 1 1 Alternative Histories and North American Archaeology Timothy R. Pauketat and Diana DiPaolo Loren North America is one immense outdoor museum, telling a story that covers 9 million square miles and 25,000 years (Thomas 2000a:viii) The chapters in this volume highlight the story of a continent, from the Atlantic to Alaska, from the San Luis mission to Sonora, and from the Kennewick man of nine millennia ago to the Colorado coalfield strikes of nine decades ago (Figure 1.1). Given the considerable span of time and vastness of space, the reader might already be wondering: what holds North American archaeology together? Unlike other por- tions of the world, it is not the study of the sequential rise and fall of ancient states and empires that unified peoples into a people with a single writing system, calen- dar, or economy. No, North America is, and was, all about alternative histories. It is about peoples in the plural. Peoples did things differently in North America. They made their own histories, sometimes forgotten, subverted, and controversial but never outside the purview of archaeology. Yet, in their plurality, the North Americans of the past show us the commonalities of the human experience.The inimitable ways in which people made history in North America hold profound lessons for understanding the sweep of global history, if not also for comprehending the globalizing world in which we find ourselves today. That is, like all good yarns, there is a moral to this archaeological allegory: what people did do or could do matters significantly in the construction of the collective futures of all people. -
Licensed Municipal Solid Waste Landfills County Facility Name
Licensed Municipal Solid Waste Landfills County Facility Name (place ID#) Facility Type Secondary Id Address Phone No. Ashtabula Geneva Landfill (54419) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill MSWL018758 4339 Tuttle Rd, Geneva, 44041 440‐466‐8804 Athens Athens‐Hocking Reclamation Center (3078) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill MSWL018746 17970 US Rte 33, Nelsonville, 45764 740‐385‐6019 Brown Rumpke Waste Inc Brown County Landfill (3916) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill MSWL018788 9427 Beyers Rd, Georgetown, 45121 513‐851‐0122 Clinton Wilmington Sanitary Landfill (6451) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill MSWL018744 397 S Nelson Ave, Wilmington, 45177 937‐382‐6474 Coshocton Coshocton Landfill Inc (7032) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill MSWL018823 19469 County Rd No 7, Coshocton, 43812 740‐787‐2327 Crawford Crawford County Landfill (7270) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill MSWL018774 5128 Lincoln Hwy East, Bucyrus, 44820 513‐851‐0122 Defiance Defiance County Sanitary Landfill (12919) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill MSWL018764 13207 Canal Rd, Defiance, 43512 419‐782‐5442 Erie Erie County Sanitary Landfill (13359) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill MSWL018741 10102 Hoover Road, Milan, 44846 419‐433‐5023 Fairfield Republic Services Pine Grove Regional Facility (13668) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill MSWL018818 5131 Drinkle Rd SW, Amanda, 43102 740‐969‐4487 Franklin SWACO Franklin County Sanitary Landfill (15005) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill MSWL018803 3851 London Groveport Rd, Grove City, 43123 614‐871‐5100 Gallia Gallia County Landfill (16671) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill -
Contaminated Soil in Gardens
Contaminated Soil in Gardens How to avoid the harmful effects EUR/ICP/LVNG 03 01 02(A) E64737 EUROPEAN HEALTH21 TARGET 11 HEALTHIER LIVING By the year 2015, people across society should have adopted healthier patterns of living (Adopted by the WHO Regional Committee for Europe at its forty-eighth session, Copenhagen, September 1998) Abstract In many cities, gardens are located on old, abandoned landfills and dumping sites. Cities have expanded by filling up spaces around the city with garbage, rubble and earth. The places where old landfills were have often become gardens where citizens can get away and enjoy the open air away from the noise and racket of cities. Normal garbage and rubble in landfills do not present a problem, however industrial and chemical waste can present a health hazard, especially when concentrations of contaminants are above acceptable limits. Some special precautions are proposed in this booklet so that the potential ill effects of contaminated soil can be avoided. Keywords SOIL POLLUTANTS RISK MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES URBAN HEALTH Contents The soil is contaminated – what then? .......................................................1 What is in the ground under us?.................................................................2 How harmful substances may affect the body ............................................3 How to reduce the risk................................................................................4 The best way to garden..............................................................................5 -
Workplace Recycling
SETTING UP Workplace Recycling 1 Form a Enlist a group of employees interested in recycling and waste prevention to set up and monitor collection systems Recycling Team to ensure ongoing success. This is a great team-building exercise and can positively impact employee morale as well as the environment. 2 Determine Customize your recycling program based on your business. Consider performing a waste audit or take inventory of materials the kinds of materials in your trash & recycling. to recycle Commonly recycled business items: Single-Stream Recycling • Aluminum & tin cans; plastic & glass bottles • Office paper, newspaper, cardboard • Magazines, catalogs, file folders, shredded paper 3 Contact Find out if recycling services are already in place. If not, ask the facility or property manager to set them up. Point your facility out that in today’s environment, employees expect to recycle at work and that recycling can potentially reduce costs. If recycling is currently provided, check with the manager to make sure good recycling education materials or property are available to all employees. This will help employees to recycle right, improve the quality of recyclable materials, manager and increase recycling participation. 4 Coordinate Work station recycling containers – Provide durable work station recycling containers or re-use existing training containers like copy paper boxes. Make recycling available at each work station. with the Click: Get-Started-Recycling-w_glass or Get-Started-Recycling-without-glass to print recycling container labels. Label your trash containers as well: Get-Started-Trash-with-food waste or janitorial crew Get-Started-Trash -no-food waste. and/or staff Central area containers – Evaluate the type and size of containers for common areas like conference rooms, hallways, reception areas, and cafes, based on volume, location, and usage. -
Automated Waste Collection – How to Make Sure It Makes Sense for Your Community
AUTOMATED WASTE COLLECTION – HOW TO MAKE SURE IT MAKES SENSE FOR YOUR COMMUNITY Marc J. Rogoff, Ph.D. Richard E. Lilyquist, P.E. SCS Engineers Public Works Department Tampa, Florida City of Lakeland Lakeland, Florida Donald Ross Jeffrey L. Wood Kessler Consulting, Inc Solid Waste Division Tampa, Florida City of Lakeland Lakeland, Florida ABSTRACT Automated side-load trucks were first implemented in the City of Phoenix in the 1970s with the aim of ending The decision to implement solid waste collection the back-breaking nature of residential solid waste automation is a complex one and involves a number of collection, and to minimize worker injuries. Since then factors that should be considered, including engineering, thousands of public agencies and private haulers have risk management, technology assessment, costs, and moved from the once traditional read-load method of public acceptance. This paper analyzes these key issues waste collection to one that also provides the customer and provides a case study of how waste collection with a variety of choices in standardized, rollout carts. automation was considered by the City of Lakeland, These automated programs have enabled communities Florida. throughout the country to significantly reduce worker compensation claims and minimize insurance expenses, HOW DID AUTOMATED COLLECTION GET while at the same time offer opportunities to workers STARTED? who are not selected for their work assignment based solely on physical skills. The evolution of solid waste collection vehicles has been historically driven by an overwhelming desire by solid MODERN APPLICATION OF AUTOMATION waste professionals to collect more waste for less money, as well as lessening the physical demands on sanitation In an automated collection system, residents are provided workers. -
Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Operation and Management Workbook
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT WORKBOOK Revised April 2018 Preface In many ways, constructing, operating and maintaining a municipal solid waste landfill is similar to constructing, operating, and maintaining a highway, dam, canal, bridge, or other engineered structure. The most important similarity is that landfills, like other engineered structures, must be constructed and operated in a manner that will provide safe, long-term, and reliable service to the communities they serve. Proper design, construction, operation, monitoring, closure and post-closure care are critical because after disposal the waste can be a threat to human health and the environment for decades to centuries. This workbook is intended to provide municipal landfill operators and managers in Wyoming with the fundamental knowledge and technical background necessary to ensure that landfills are operated efficiently, effectively, and in a manner that is protective of human health and the environment. This workbook contains information regarding basic construction and operation activities that are encountered on a routine basis at most landfills. The basic procedures and fundamental elements of landfill permitting, construction management, monitoring, closure, post-closure care, and financial assurance are also addressed. The workbook includes informative tips and information that landfill operators and managers can use to conserve landfill space, minimize the potential for pollution, reduce operating costs, and comply with applicable rules and regulations. In addition to this workbook, operators and managers need to become familiar with the Wyoming Solid Waste Rules and Regulations applicable to municipal solid waste. The DEQ also provides numerous guidelines that may help understand regulatory requirements in more detail. -
Five Facts About Incineration Five Facts About Incineration
Five facts about incineration Five facts about incineration Across the globe, cities are looking for ways to improve their municipal solid waste systems. In the search for services that are affordable, green and easy to implement, many cities are encouraged to turn to waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies, such as incineration.1 But, as found in WIEGO’s Technical Brief 11 (Waste Incineration and Informal Livelihoods: A Technical Guide on Waste-to-Energy Initiatives by Jeroen IJgosse), incineration is far from the perfect solution and, particularly in the Global South, can be less cost-effective, more complicated and can negatively impact the environment and informal waste workers’ livelihoods. Below, we have collected the top five issues highlighted in the study that show why this technology is a risky choice: 1. Incineration costs more than recycling. How incineration may be promoted: Incineration is a good economic decision because it reduces the costs associated with landfill operations while also creating energy that can be used by the community. The reality: • In 2016, the World Energy Council reported that, “energy generation from waste is a costly option, in comparison with other established power generation sources.” • Setting up an incineration project requires steep investment costs from the municipality. • For incineration projects to remain financially stable long-term, high fees are required, which place a burden on municipal finances and lead to sharp increases in user fees. • If incinerators are not able to collect enough burnable waste, they will burn other fuels (gas) instead. Contract obligations can force a municipality to make up the difference if an incinerator doesn’t burn enough to create the needed amount of energy. -
Improving Plastics Management: Trends, Policy Responses, and the Role of International Co-Operation and Trade
Improving Plastics Management: Trends, policy responses, and the role of international co-operation and trade POLICY PERSPECTIVES OECD ENVIRONMENT POLICY PAPER NO. 12 OECD . 3 This Policy Paper comprises the Background Report prepared by the OECD for the G7 Environment, Energy and Oceans Ministers. It provides an overview of current plastics production and use, the environmental impacts that this is generating and identifies the reasons for currently low plastics recycling rates, as well as what can be done about it. Disclaimers This paper is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and the arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. For Israel, change is measured between 1997-99 and 2009-11. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Copyright You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. -
Shameek Vats UPCYCLING of HOSPITAL TEXTILES INTO FASHIONABLE GARMENTS Master of Science Thesis
Shameek Vats UPCYCLING OF HOSPITAL TEXTILES INTO FASHIONABLE GARMENTS Master of Science Thesis Examiner: Professor Pertti Nousiainen and university lecturer Marja Rissanen Examiner and topic approved by the Council, Faculty of Engineering Sci- ences on 6 May 2015 i ABSTRACT TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master‘s Degree Programme in Materials Engineering VATS, SHAMEEK: Upcycling of hospital textiles into fashionable garments Master of Science Thesis, 64 pages, 3 Appendix pages July 2015 Major: Polymers and Biomaterials Examiner: Professor Pertti Nousianen and University lecturer Marja Rissanen Keywords: Upcycling, Textiles, Cotton polyester fibres, Viscose fibres, Polymer Fibers, Degradation, Life Cycle Assessment(LCA), Recycling, Cellulose fibres, Waste Hierarchy, Waste Management, Downcycling The commercial textile circulation in Finland works that a company is responsi- ble for supplying and maintenance of the textiles. The major customers include hospitals and restaurants chains. When the textiles are degraded and unsuitable for use, a part of it is acquired by companies, like, TAUKO Designs for further use. The rest part is unfortunately sent to the landfills. We tried to answer some research questions, whether the waste fabrics show the properties good enough to be used to manufacture new garments. If the prop- erties of the waste textiles are not conducive enough to be made into new fab- rics,whether or not other alternatives could be explored. A different view of the thesis also tries to reduce the amount of textile waste in the landfills by explor- ing different methods. This was done by characterizing the waste for different properties. The amount of cellulose polyester fibres was calculated along with breaking force and mass per unit area. -
Land Application of Industrial Waste
Land Application of Industrial Waste This document is intended for use by persons or operations that generate industrial waste suitable for land application to help them determine what type(s) of regulatory oversight and/or permit is required for land application. Land application of sewage sludge (biosolids), animal manure, and petroleum contaminated soil are regulated separately from other wastes and are not the focus of this document. 1. Is the material a fertilizer or soil conditioner? Is the material managed as a valuable commodity, i.e. does the generator sell the material? Element Percent Is the intent of land applying the material to replace or offset the use of more traditional fertilizers or soil Calcium (Ca) 1.00 conditioners? Are claims or guaranties made to land owners Magnesium (Mg) 0.50 concerning the nutrient value? Sulfur (S) 1.00 Do the N, P, and K, values equal 20 when added Boron (B) 0.02 together? Chlorine (Cl) 0.10 Is the material capable of changing the pH of the soil? Cobalt (Co) 0.0005 When added to the soil or applied to plants would the Copper (Cu) 0.05 material produce a favorable growth, yield or quality of Iron (Fe) 0.10 crop or soil flora or fauna or other improved soil Manganese (Mn) 0.05 characteristics? Molybdenum (Mo) 0.0005 Does the material provide any of the following plant Sodium (Na) 0.10 nutrients at or above the level indicated in the chart Zinc (Zn) 0.05 above? If the answer to one or more of these questions is “yes” then it is possible the material could be registered and regulated by the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship as a fertilizer or soil conditioner and not a waste.