DOCSLIB.ORG

Rama Baltoeslava

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rama Baltoeslava Proyecto de Organización Filogenética de las Lenguas del Mundo Rama BaltoEslava Índice de contenido 1Descripción..................................................................................................................1 2Lenguas....................................................................................................................10 2.1Bálticas...............................................................................................................10 2.1.1Grupo Occidental...........................................................................................10 Prusiano Antiguo..............................................................................................10 Galindiano.......................................................................................................16 Sudovio...........................................................................................................20 Curonio...........................................................................................................24 2.1.2Grupo Oriental..............................................................................................27 Lituana............................................................................................................27 Letón..............................................................................................................33 Selonio............................................................................................................39 Semigaliano.....................................................................................................43 2.2Eslavas...............................................................................................................46 2.2.1Grupo Meridional...........................................................................................46 Subgrupo Oriental.............................................................................................46 Eslavo Eclesiástico........................................................................................46 Búlgara.......................................................................................................52 Macedonio...................................................................................................60 Subgrupo Occidental.........................................................................................65 Servo-Croata................................................................................................65 Esloveno......................................................................................................84 2.2.2Grupo Occidental...........................................................................................91 Subgrupo Checoeslovaco...................................................................................91 Checo..........................................................................................................91 Eslovaca......................................................................................................97 Subgrupo Sorabo............................................................................................103 Alto Sorabo................................................................................................103 Bajo Sorabo...............................................................................................110 Subgrupo Lequítico.........................................................................................114 Polabo.......................................................................................................114 Pomero-Cachubo.........................................................................................118 Polaca.......................................................................................................123 Silesiano....................................................................................................132 2.2.3Grupo Oriental............................................................................................137 Rusa.............................................................................................................137 Subgrupo Ruteno............................................................................................156 Rusyn........................................................................................................156 Bielorrusa..................................................................................................161 Ucraniana..................................................................................................167 1 Descripción ● Referencias ○ Viva ○ Bibliografía específica ■ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Balto-Slavic_language Giusseppe Domínguez 1/178 Proyecto de Organización Filogenética de las Lenguas del Mundo ■ http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_b%C3%A1lticas ■ http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_eslavas ■ http://html.rincondelvago.com/lengua-eslava.html ■ http://www.proel.org/index.php?pagina=mundo/indoeuro/baltico ■ http://www.proel.org/index.php?pagina=mundo/indoeuro/eslavo ■ http://eslavoteca.blogspot.com.es/ ■ http://indoeuro.bizland.com/tree/slav/slavic.html ■ http://indoeuro.bizland.com/tree/slav/sla.html ■ Gimbutas, Marija, The Balts, (1963) ■ S. AGRELL, Zur baltoslavischen Lautgeschichte, «Lunds Universitet Arsskrift» n^ 5, Lund 1921; E. FRAENKEL, Baltoslavia, «Ergánzungsheft zur Zeitschrift fiir vergleichene Sprachforschung» no 1, Gotinga 1921; A. MEILLET, Études sur l'étymologie et le vocabulaire du vieuxslave II, París 1905; !D, Les Dialectes indoeuropéens, 2 ed. París 1922; íD, Le Probléme de 1'unité baltoslave, «Rev. des Études Slaves» V, París 1925; R. TRAUTMANN, Baltichslavisches Wórterbuch, Gotinga 1923; A. SENN, On the Degree of Kinship between Slavic and Baltic, «Slavonic and East European Rev.» XX, Londres 1941; A. VAILLANT, Grammaire comparée des langues slaves, I, ParísLyon 1950. ● Introducción ○ Descripción ■ Las lenguas baltoeslavas son un conjunto de lenguas indoeuropeas que ocupan una amplia densidad de la Europa oriental, las cuales presentan numerosas afinidades. ■ Grupo lingüístico unitario, del que procederían los grupos eslavos y los baltos; según la doctrina dominante, la unidad originaria se mantuvo durante un largo periodo, llamado baltoeuropeo, mucho más allá de la diferenciación de las demás ramas indoeuropeas, hasta finales del tercer milenio (J. Rozwadowski) o el segundo A.C. (A. Vaillant). El grupo hablaba una lengua común, el baltoeuropeo, no documentada. Pero la hipótesis se funda sobre las numerosísimas semejanzas entre las lenguas eslavas y las bálticas, parentesco mucho más acusado que el que existe entre los demás grupos indoeuropeos; abarca todo el sistema lingüístico: acentuación y fonética, morfología, etimología, sintaxis. ○ Denominación ■ Baltia o Basilia nombre de una isla legendaria de la mitología romana, que se suponía ubicada en la Europa del Norte. Es mencionada por el historiador Jenofonte, concordante con la Naturalis Historia de Plinio el Viejo. El Mar Báltico podía ser llamado con el nombre de esta isla. ■ Aparte de las imprecisas referencias de Ptolomeo a las tribus de los slavanoi y los soubenoi, la primera vez que se habla de los eslavos usando este nombre es en el siglo VI d.C. La palabra se escribe de diferentes maneras: en griego medieval se habla de sklabenoi, sklauenoi o sklabinoi, y en latín, de sclaueni, sclauini o sthlaueni. En el siglo IX, un documento en antiguo eslavo eclesiástico habla de los slověne para describir los eslavos de los alrededores de Tesalónica. Hay otros testimonios tempranos de la palabra en ruso antiguo (slověně, para referirse a un grupo de eslavos orientales establecidos cerca de Novgorod, y slovutich, «río Dniéper» ) y en croata (Slavonic, un río). ■ La palabra eslavo se suele relacionar con las formas eslavas Slava, 'gloria', 'fama', o Slovo, 'palabra, conversación' (ambas similares a la forma slušati, 'sentir', proveniente de una hipotética raíz indoeuropea * ḱklew-). Así pues, slověne querría decir «las personas que hablan (la misma lengua)», es decir, las personas que se entienden entre ellas, en oposición a la palabra eslava que designa a los extranjeros, nemtsi, que quiere decir «que no sabe hablar» (de la forma eslava Nemi, ' mudo', 'callado', 'que no habla'). Por ejemplo, y de una Giusseppe Domínguez 2/178 Proyecto de Organización Filogenética de las Lenguas del Mundo manera parecida a lo que ocurre en muchas otras lenguas eslavas, la palabra polaca niemcy quiere decir 'alemán' o 'Alemania'. ■ Algunos estudiosos, sin embargo, han propuesto teorías alternativas para explicar el origen de la palabra. B. P. Lozinski dice que en un momento dado Slava podría haber significado 'devoto, fiel', es decir, 'practicante de la religión eslava', y a partir de ahí habría evolucionado como etnonimo. S. B. Bernstein apunta que podría derivar de una forma indoeuropea no documentada * (s) lawos, emparentada con la palabra griega laós 'población, pueblo', aunque la etimología de laós es bastante dudosa. Por su parte, a partir de la comparación con palabras similares como la forma latina clue, 'limpiar a fondo, purificar', proveniente de una raíz desconocida que habría dado formas con un significado similar en eslavo y en otras lenguas (cf. griego klyzein, 'lavar'; inglés antiguo, hlūtor, 'limpio, puro'; noruego antiguo hlér, 'mar'; galés CLIR, 'claro, limpio'; lituano šlúoti, 'barrer'), Max VASM y otros sugieren que la palabra vendría del nombre
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Qualitative Changes in Ethno-Linguistic Status : a Case Study of the Sorbs in Germany
    Qualitative Changes in Ethno-linguistic Status: A Case Study of the Sorbs in Germany by Ted Cicholi RN (Psych.), MA. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Political Science School of Government 22 September 2004 Disclaimer Although every effort has been taken to ensure that all Hyperlinks to the Internet Web sites cited in this dissertation are correct at the time of writing, no responsibility can be taken for any changes to these URL addresses. This may change the format as being either underlined, or without underlining. Due to the fickle nature of the Internet at times, some addresses may not be found after the initial publication of an article. For instance, some confusion may arise when an article address changes from "front page", such as in newspaper sites, to an archive listing. This dissertation has employed the Australian English version of spelling but, where other works have been cited, the original spelling has been maintained. It should be borne in mind that there are a number of peculiarities found in United States English and Australian English, particular in the spelling of a number of words. Interestingly, not all errors or irregularities are corrected by software such as Word 'Spelling and Grammar Check' programme. Finally, it was not possible to insert all the accents found in other languages and some formatting irregularities were beyond the control of the author. Declaration This dissertation does not contain any material which has been accepted for the award of any other higher degree or graduate diploma in any tertiary institution.
    [Show full text]
  • THE DISCOVERY of the BALTIC the NORTHERN WORLD North Europe and the Baltic C
    THE DISCOVERY OF THE BALTIC THE NORTHERN WORLD North Europe and the Baltic c. 400-1700 AD Peoples, Economies and Cultures EDITORS Barbara Crawford (St. Andrews) David Kirby (London) Jon-Vidar Sigurdsson (Oslo) Ingvild Øye (Bergen) Richard W. Unger (Vancouver) Przemyslaw Urbanczyk (Warsaw) VOLUME 15 THE DISCOVERY OF THE BALTIC The Reception of a Catholic World-System in the European North (AD 1075-1225) BY NILS BLOMKVIST BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2005 On the cover: Knight sitting on a horse, chess piece from mid-13th century, found in Kalmar. SHM inv. nr 1304:1838:139. Neg. nr 345:29. Antikvarisk-topografiska arkivet, the National Heritage Board, Stockholm. Brill Academic Publishers has done its best to establish rights to use of the materials printed herein. Should any other party feel that its rights have been infringed we would be glad to take up contact with them. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Blomkvist, Nils. The discovery of the Baltic : the reception of a Catholic world-system in the European north (AD 1075-1225) / by Nils Blomkvist. p. cm. — (The northern world, ISSN 1569-1462 ; v. 15) Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. ISBN 90-04-14122-7 1. Catholic Church—Baltic Sea Region—History. 2. Church history—Middle Ages, 600-1500. 3. Baltic Sea Region—Church history. I. Title. II. Series. BX1612.B34B56 2004 282’485—dc22 2004054598 ISSN 1569–1462 ISBN 90 04 14122 7 © Copyright 2005 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Academic Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP.
    [Show full text]
  • Mehrsprachige Sprachlandschaften? Protokoll Der Gleichnamigen Tagung Im Herbst 2003 in Leipzig
    Kathrin Marterior, Norbert Nübler (Hg.) Mehrsprachige Sprachlandschaften? Protokoll der gleichnamigen Tagung im Herbst 2003 in Leipzig Herausgegeben von Rosemarie Gläser Onomastica Lipsiensia Leipziger Untersuchungen zur Namenforschung Band 11 Herausgegeben von Karlheinz Hengst, Dietlind Kremer und Dieter Kremer Kathrin Marterior, Norbert Nübler (Hg.) Mehrsprachige Sprachlandschaften Das Problem der slavisch-deutschen Mischtoponyme Akten der Kieler Tagung 16.–18. Oktober 2014 herausgegeben von Kathrin Marterior und Norbert Nübler LEIPZIGER UNIVERSITÄTSVERLAG GMBH 2016 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Die Drucklegung wurde freundlich gefördert durch die Gesellschaft für Namenkunde. Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Titelbild: Wappenschild von Zwickau (nach dem frühesten Stadtsiegel, 13. Jh.) und Chemnitz (meißnischer Löwe, 14./15. Jh.). [Quelle: Lexikon Städte und Wappen der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. 2. Aufl., BI: Leipzig 1984.] © Leipziger Universitätsverlag GmbH 2016 Redaktion: Dieter Kremer, Leipzig Satz:
    [Show full text]
  • Acta 107.Indd
    ARCHIVE This issue of Acta Poloniae Historica features the fi rst article in our new section, the ‘Archive’. This is the place for revisiting once-published studies by outstanding Polish historians – some of them fi rst issued a long time ago – which, deemed ‘classical’ today, have played an important part in Polish historiography, with citations of them having been used till this day. Not often published outside Poland, they have remained functionally useless to the scholars without a command of Polish. This collection of texts opens with an article by Benedykt Zientara (1928–83), one of the most eminent post-war medievalists, who died thirty years ago at the height of his creative potential. His output is, admittedly, not too well known to historians outside Poland and Germany.1 Zientara (graduated 1950) belonged to the ‘fi rst generation’ of the economic history school formed at the Institute of History, University of Warsaw by Marian Małowist (the fi rst editor of Acta Poloniae Historica) and based on the best models of the Marxist methodology. In the 1960s, this formation constituted the substance of the so-called Polish school of economic history, which enjoyed repute among West-European historians (the team was also joined by Bronisław Geremek, Antoni Mączak, Henryk Samsonowicz, the students of Małowist, the other members being Witold Kula, Jerzy Topolski and Andrzej Wyczański). The article published in this issue was the fi rst in the European his- toriography (remaining the only one in Polish historiography, to be sure) so penetrating a study of the ‘German law’ which, beginning with the thirteenth century, thoroughly changed the legal system and the social and economic structures of the rural and urban areas not only in Poland but across the Central and Eastern Europe.2 Having written a series of studies 1 A homage to Benedykt Zientara the man and the scholar was paid by Klaus Zernack in his article ‘Polens Westen – Deutschlands Osten.
    [Show full text]
  • The Clash Between Pagans and Christians: the Baltic Crusades from 1147-1309
    The Clash between Pagans and Christians: The Baltic Crusades from 1147-1309 Honors Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Donald R. Shumaker The Ohio State University May 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Heather J. Tanner, Department of History 1 The Baltic Crusades started during the Second Crusade (1147-1149), but continued into the fifteenth century. Unlike the crusades in the Holy Lands, the Baltic Crusades were implemented in order to combat the pagan tribes in the Baltic. These crusades were generally conducted by German and Danish nobles (with occasional assistance from Sweden) instead of contingents from England and France. Although the Baltic Crusades occurred in many different countries and over several centuries, they occurred as a result of common root causes. For the purpose of this study, I will be focusing on the northern crusades between 1147 and 1309. In 1309 the Teutonic Order, the monastic order that led these crusades, moved their headquarters from Venice, where the Order focused on reclaiming the Holy Lands, to Marienberg, which was on the frontier of the Baltic Crusades. This signified a change in the importance of the Baltic Crusades and the motivations of the crusaders. The Baltic Crusades became the main theater of the Teutonic Order and local crusaders, and many of the causes for going on a crusade changed at this time due to this new focus. Prior to the year 1310 the Baltic Crusades occurred for several reasons. A changing knightly ethos combined with heightened religious zeal and the evolution of institutional and ideological changes in just warfare and forced conversions were crucial in the development of the Baltic Crusades.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Fitting from Haliczany in the Context of Other Early Medieval Finds from Selected Areas of the Western Slavic Territories1
    SlovenSká archeológia lXvi – 1, 2018, 49 – 105 CAROLINGIAN OR NOT? AN ANALYSIS OF THE FITTING FROM HALICZANY IN THE CONTEXT OF OTHER EARLY MEDIEVAL FINDS FROM SELECTED AREAS OF THE WESTERN SLAVIC TERRITORIES1 ZBIGNIEW ROBAK The paper presents some remarks on the chronology and spatial distribution of the late avar, carolingian, and great Moravian finds in selected areas of the Western Slavic Territories. The main subject of this paper is to analyse a particular item found in haliczany, chełm county in Poland. The fitting fromh aliczany has already been subjected to typological and chronological analyses twice. in each case, however, it led the authors to entirelly different conclusions and since the space for its interpretation remains broad, it requires some clarification. The purpose of the study is to indicate possible origins of the fitting fromh aliczany in terms of both typology and the route it travelled to finally reach the areas of today eastern Poland. There are two competing explanations that are examined in this paper concerning either carolingian or nomadic origins of the item in question. in the methodological dimension the paper provides arguments in favour of considering even single finds in a context broader than only stylistic speculations, including also cultural, historical, and when possible also ‘geopolitical’ determinants. key words: early Middle ages, central europe, late avar culture, carolingian culture, Slavic culture. INTRODUCTION The Fitting FroM haliczany The paper presents some remarks on the chro­ The artefact from haliczany is a small strap fit­ nology and spatial distribution of the late avar, ting, resembling a head of a sheep seen from the carolingian, and great Moravian finds in selected front (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Ausgabe Juni 2018 Mit Regionalteil Lübeck
    06/2018 · Juni Ausgabe Lübeck · 4801 ZWISCHEN NORD- UND OSTSEE Vorteil Schleswig-Holstein � Titelthema: Standortfaktor Sport Samstag, 9. Juni 11 bis 16 Uhr TAG DER OFFENEN TÜR der IHK zu Lübeck Mehr auf Seite 23 � Wirtschaft im Gespräch: Professorin Elke Ochsmann � Maritime Wirtschaft: Die digitale Welle rollt DANKE, MITTELSTAND! grt-agentur.de Zum zweiten Mal in Folge die Nr. 1: In der Umfrage „Bester Mittelstandsdienstleister“ der WirtschaftsWoche wurden 6.709 Entscheider aus mittelständischen Unternehmen befragt. Zu Kriterien wie Kundenzufriedenheit, Beratungsqualität, Kompetenz und Service. Das Ergebnis: MARTENS & PRAHL ist im Segment Versicherungsmakler auch 2018 die Nr. 1! Die detaillierten Ergebnisse der Studie und alle Informationen über uns finden Sie hier: www.martens-prahl.de In Schleswig-Holstein für Sie vor Ort: Ihre Partner für Sicherheit im Norden. 830003425068 Martens & Prahl.indd 1 16.05.18 10:55 Mein Standpunkt �� Ein Gewinn für alle etriebssport existiert in Deutschland bereits seit dem 19. Jahrhundert – und Bauch bei den Stadtwerken Flensburg hat er eine lange Tradition. So hat zum Beispiel un- sere Laufgruppe zahlreiche Einzel- und Mann- schaftssiege errungen und sammelt weiter flei- ßig Pokale. Mehr als 100 sind es inzwischen. Ich finde es toll, wenn unsere Mitarbeiter sich auch in der Freizeit treffen und etwas für ihre Gesundheit tun. Deshalb unterstützen wir als Unternehmen den Betriebssport auch finanziell, sei es mit einheitlichen Trikots, Meldegebühren oder Platzbuchungen. Darüber hinaus können un- sere Mitarbeiter vergünstigt in dem Fitnessstu- dio Förde Fitness trainieren oder im Campus- bad beim Schwimmen ihre Fitness kostenlos optimieren. Leider gibt es keine Zuschüsse auf Landes- oder Bundesebene, um den Be- triebssport ganz direkt zu fördern.
    [Show full text]
  • Siedlung Und Verfassung Der Slawen Zwischen Eibe, Saale Und Oder
    I, :// Siedlung und Verfassung der Slawen zwischen EIbe, Saale und Oder In Verbindung mit H. JANKUHN, \V. SCHLESINGER und E. SCHWARZ hera usgegeben von HERBERT LUDAT 1960 WILHELM SCHMITZ VERLAG GIESSEN (-:lU- r '"152) \VOLFGANG H. FRITZE Probleme der abodritischen Stammes- und Reichsverfassung und ihrer Entwicklung vom Stammesstaat zum Herrschaftsstaat GIlederung: Vorbemerkung. 1. Die abodritischen Teilstammgehiete tics 11. und 12. Jhs. 2. Das Abudritcn- reich und seine innere Gliederung im 8. und 9. Jh. 3. Das Ahodritenreich lind seine Tcil stü mnu- VOIll l ü, his zum 12. Jh. 4. Samtherrscher und Adel, Die Entwicklung ihres Verhältuissos Y0111 \I. his ZUIIl 12. Jh. 5. Die drei Hauptperioden der abodritischen Verfassungsgeschichle und die sie charuk tortstercnden 'I'ypen potittsehcr Organisation. Excurse I-IV. Eine Geschichte des Abodritenstammes und seines Reiches wird sich wohl nie schreiben lassen - dazu ist ihre Überlieferung zu dürftig. Auch für eine Gesamtdarstellung seiner Verfassungsgeschichte reicht unser Quellenmaterial nicht aus, vor allem infolge des Umstun- des, daß der gesamte Urkundenbestand des Hochstifts Oldenburg in Holstein, des l\lillcl- punktes der alten ahodritischen Diözese Oldenburg, uns verloren ist. Der Versuch der iiltercn Forschung, diese Lücke mit Hilfe der Fürstenurkunden des 12. und l:i. Jahrhunderts, und zwar vorzugsweise der pommersehen, zu schließen, ist in der Form, in der er vorgenommen worden ist, nicht zulässig 1). Dennoch bietet der Abodritenstamm für einige Grundfragen der allslawischen Stammesverfassung und ihrer Entwicklung in gewisser Weise verhältnismüüig günstige Voraussetzungen. Die Abodriten sind der einzige slawische Verband, der nicht nur vom 8. bis zu seiner Germanisierung im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert durchgehend als solcher bezeugt ist, sondern der auch in dieser ganzen Zeit eine gewisse politische Geschlossenheit bewahrt hat.
    [Show full text]
  • Merkuriusz Polski Nr 352 Merkuriusz Polski
    Merkuriusz Polski nr 352 Merkuriusz Polski : dzieie wszystkiego świata w sobie zamykaiący dla informacyey pospolitey. 1 Od 3. stycznia 1661 r. ISSN 2391- 7679 (Merkuriusz). Merkuriusz Polski nr 352 Merkuriusz Polski : dzieie wszystkiego świata w sobie zamykaiący dla informacyey pospolitey. 2 Od 3. stycznia 1661 r. ISSN 2391- 7679 (Merkuriusz). Merkuriusz Polski nr 352 Merkuriusz Polski : dzieie wszystkiego świata w sobie zamykaiący dla informacyey pospolitey. 3 Od 3. stycznia 1661 r. ISSN 2391- 7679 (Merkuriusz). Merkuriusz Polski nr 352 Merkuriusz Polski : dzieie wszystkiego świata w sobie zamykaiący dla informacyey pospolitey. 4 Od 3. stycznia 1661 r. ISSN 2391- 7679 (Merkuriusz). Merkuriusz Polski nr 352 Merkuriusz Polski : dzieie wszystkiego świata w sobie zamykaiący dla informacyey pospolitey. ISSN 2391- 7679 (Merkuriusz) Numer 352, sprzedaż eklektroniczna, cena 1,23 PLN Redakcja: ul. Dolina Zielona 24a 65 - 154 Zielona Góra, e-mail wydawnictwo(małpa)wieczorna.pl telefon 604 443 623 Redaktor naczelny Adam Fularz, Redaktor prowadzący Adam Fularz, Wydawca: Merkuriusz Polski- Wieczorna.pl ul. Dolina Zielona 24a 65 - 154 Zielona Góra Merkuriusz Polski : dzieie wszystkiego świata w sobie zamykaiący dla informacyey pospolitey. 5 Od 3. stycznia 1661 r. ISSN 2391- 7679 (Merkuriusz). Merkuriusz Polski nr 352 Państwo Wiślanii w czasach przedkatolickich Autor: Wieczorna Wiślica uchodzi za stolicę Państwa Wiślan. Jeszcze przez krótki czas XII stulecia znajdowała się tutaj stolica niepodległego księstwa, którego władca panował nad doliną Nidy. Część badaczy postawiła tezę iż "Wiślica była już w IX i w pierwszej połowie X wieku ośrodkiem państwa Wiślan" [a]. Nad górną Wisłą istniało słowiańskie państwo. Wymienia je autor w książce „Opis Niemiec”, kraj ich nazywa „Visleland” – Kraj Wiślan.
    [Show full text]
  • © in This Web Service Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-46058-4
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-46058-4 - The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III c. –c. Timothy Reuter Index More information INDEX Note: Page references in italics refer to maps, and those in bold type main discussions of central topics. Concepts such as aristocracy, kingship or trade are indexed as general topics and also under individual regions, states, principalities and duchies. Index compiled by Meg Davies, Registered Indexer, Society of Indexers Aachen and Otto I , , and Lothar IV of France and Otto II and Ottonians , , , , , and Otto III Aachen capitulary and statehood Aachen Gospels , , , , and Theophanu Aaron of Bulgaria Abraham of Freising , Abba¯sid caliphate Abu¯ Fira¯s and Byzantine empire Abu¯l-H. azm b. Jahwar decline Abu¯’l-Qa¯sim , – and Khazars Abu¯Sa¯dı Mu¯sa¯b.Ah. mad al-D. ayf Abbo of Fleury , , , , –, Abu¯Yazı¯d – school Acfred of Aquitaine , , Abd Alla¯h b. al-Mans.u¯r Acheloos, battle () , , , Abd Alla¯h b.Muh. ammad – Acton, J. xiv Abd al-Malik al-Muz.affar –, , Adalbero of Augsburg , Abd al-Rah. ma¯n II Adalbero (Ascelin) of Laon Abd al-Rah. ma¯n III , –, and Charles of Lotharingia and army , –, and Cluniac monasticism –, – and bureaucracy and Hugh Capet and Byzantium and Ottonians , as caliph and Robert II conquests , – and society and Ibn H. afs.un – Adalbero I of Metz –, , , , and jiha¯d Adalbero II of Metz , , , and León , , –, , Adalbero of Rheims –, –, and Madı¯nat al-Zahra¯ and Hugh Capet , and North Africa –, Adalbero of Trier and Otto I –, Adalbert I of Tuscany , and Pamplona-Navarre , Adalbert II of Tuscany and sa¯ifah , Adalbert Azzo of Canossa , , Abd al-Rah.
    [Show full text]
  • Zinātniskie Raksti
    ZINĀTNISKIE RAKSTI https://doi.org/10.22364/lviz.110.01 VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN GERMANS AND WENDS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE TENTH CENTURY1* Mihai Dragnea PhD, Balkan History Association, President, Bucharest; Editor-in-Chief of Hiperboreea, an online academic journal published biannually by the BHA. Research interests: relations between Germans and Wends during the High Middle Ages, focusing especially on crusading and conversion. This study has provided a brief analysis of the linguistic interactions and ver- bal communication between Germans and Wends. What we noticed is that there is no Slavic language which has been unaffected by political and social influences from other dominant cultures. In the second half of the tenth cen- tury, cultural identity was linked more with political alliances than with lan- guage. Learning of German was a political reality which varied according to time and context. In order to maintain good relations with the Saxon nobi- lity, the Wendish elites needed to know German. This would have ensured a direct, unambiguous communication. Translators could interfere with the messages and generate conflicts. Some of the Wendish elites could have known Latin as well. As tributaries of Saxon margraves and dukes, they could have signed documents regarding their obligations. Therefore, a sort of ethnic consciousness was more developed among the Wendish upper classes than lower class. Key words: linguistic interactions, cultural borders, Wends, Duchy of Saxony, Thietmar of Merseburg, Adam of Bremen, Helmold of Bosau. * This research was conducted at the Faculty of Catholic Theology within the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz and it was supported by the EU-funded project “Research Infrastructure on Religious Studies – ReI- ReS” (Scholarships for Transnational Access), grant agreement ID: 730895.
    [Show full text]
  • Elam-Poles, Serbs and Croats in Prophecy by Peter Salemi Elam-Poles, Serbs and Croats in Prophecy
    Elam-Poles, Serbs and Croats in Prophecy By Peter Salemi Elam-Poles, Serbs and Croats in Prophecy Where are the Elamites Found in the pages of your Bible? Bible prophecy shows Great events that will happen, and Elam will have a part in it. Elam will be a tool used to conquer certain nations and peoples. Bible Beginnings Does the Bible reveal who the Elamites are? And if it does, can the Bible give us any insight into what role these people will play in future world events and the coming of the Beast of Bible prophecy, and the second coming of Jesus Christ? The Answer is Yes! The Clues of the national identity of all peoples begin with the divisions of the populations in Genesis. It is there that we must look for the origins of all peoples and all ethnic groups. The forbearer of all peoples on earth today are the 8 people who re-established human populations when they stepped off the ark. Noah and his Family. Notice after the flood in Genesis 8:18, God commanded Noah and his family to “replenish” the earth (Genesis 9:1), and from these eight, all the peoples of the earth derived (Genesis 9:19). The 10th chapter of Genesis is noted by all scholars as the “Table of Nations.” Far from being a boring table of genealogy, it is the key to understanding the ethnic groups all over the world. All of our ancestors are mentioned here. If you could accurately trace your family tree you will eventually end up back to one of these patriarchs.
    [Show full text]