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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-46058-4 - The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III c. –c. Timothy Reuter Index More information INDEX Note: Page references in italics refer to maps, and those in bold type main discussions of central topics. Concepts such as aristocracy, kingship or trade are indexed as general topics and also under individual regions, states, principalities and duchies. Index compiled by Meg Davies, Registered Indexer, Society of Indexers Aachen and Otto I , , and Lothar IV of France and Otto II and Ottonians , , , , , and Otto III Aachen capitulary and statehood Aachen Gospels , , , , and Theophanu Aaron of Bulgaria Abraham of Freising , Abba¯sid caliphate Abu¯ Fira¯s and Byzantine empire Abu¯l-H. azm b. Jahwar decline Abu¯’l-Qa¯sim , – and Khazars Abu¯Sa¯dı Mu¯sa¯b.Ah. mad al-D. ayf Abbo of Fleury , , , , –, Abu¯Yazı¯d – school Acfred of Aquitaine , , Abd Alla¯h b. al-Mans.u¯r Acheloos, battle () , , , Abd Alla¯h b.Muh. ammad – Acton, J. xiv Abd al-Malik al-Muz.affar –, , Adalbero of Augsburg , Abd al-Rah. ma¯n II Adalbero (Ascelin) of Laon Abd al-Rah. ma¯n III , –, and Charles of Lotharingia and army , –, and Cluniac monasticism –, – and bureaucracy and Hugh Capet and Byzantium and Ottonians , as caliph and Robert II conquests , – and society and Ibn H. afs.un – Adalbero I of Metz –, , , , and jiha¯d Adalbero II of Metz , , , and León , , –, , Adalbero of Rheims –, –, and Madı¯nat al-Zahra¯ and Hugh Capet , and North Africa –, Adalbero of Trier and Otto I –, Adalbert I of Tuscany , and Pamplona-Navarre , Adalbert II of Tuscany and sa¯ifah , Adalbert Azzo of Canossa , , Abd al-Rah. ma¯n (Sanchuelo) , –, Adalbert of Ivrea , Abda (wife of al-Mans.u¯r) Adalbert of Magdeburg , , , , Abingdon abbey , , , – Adalbert of Metz –, Abodrites Adalbert of St Maximin see Adalbert of and Arnulf of Carinthia Magdeburg and Henry II Adalbert (son of Berengar II) –, , , © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-46058-4 - The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III c. –c. Timothy Reuter Index More information Index Adalbert Vojtech of Prague , Æthelflæd (wife of Æthelred of Mercia) , and Boleslav Chrobry , , –, burial , Æthelred I of Wessex canonisation , , , Æthelred II (‘the Unready’) of England martyrdom , , coinage and mints , and Otto III , flight , and Stephen of Hungary , and royal authority , Adalbert of Weissenberg see Adalbert of and succession , Magdeburg tolls Adaldag of Hamburg-Bremen , , and Viking raids – Adalward of Verden Æthelred of Mercia Adam of Bremen and Alfred the Great and the church – and Edward the Elder , , – and Otto I law-code , and trade , Æthelstan ‘Half-King’ , , , Adela (wife of William III of Aquitaine) Æthelstan of Wessex Adelaide, abbess of Quedlinburg , –, and aristocracy Adelaide of Burgundy charters , –, , and Otto II coinage , , , and Otto III , –, intellectual life , as wife of Lothar of Italy , , –, , as king of the Anglo-Saxons , –, as king of the English , , – as wife of Otto I , , , , , law-code , –, and Louis IV , Adelaide of Poitou (wife of Hugh Capet) , and Mercia – , , and the north of England – Adelaide (wife of Géza of Hungary) and Northumbria Adelaide (wife of Louis the Blind) and Otto I Adelaide (wife of Richard le Justicier) and relics Adelaide-Blanche (wife of Louis V and William and succession , – of Provence) , , Æthelweard (ealdorman), Chronicon , , , Adelferius of Amalfi n., Adelman of Liège Æthelwine of East Anglia , Adgaelbert (Babenberger) Æthelwold (æthling), and Edward the Elder Adhegrinus (hermit) – Adhémar of Chabannes , , Æthelwold of Winchester , , and Aquitaine , and Æthelred the Unready and Charles the Great Benedictional , , and Hungary and church music and Peace of God movements and Edgar –, , Adhémar of Poitou and monastic reform , – administration as scholar , and episcopacy Agapitus II, pope , , local , Agatha (wife of Samuel of Bulgaria) Adosinda Gutiérrez (wife of Ramiro II) Aghlabid dynasty Adso of Montier-en-Der –, , , in North Africa Epistola de ortu et tempore Antichristi in Sicily – and Otto II Agilbert of Saint-Ricquier Ælfflæd (wife of Edward the Elder) Agilolfing dukes , Ælfhere of Mercia , Agnes, empress (wife of Henry III) , Ælfric agriculture Colloquy, and merchants , arable –, and monarchy , and crop rotation as scholar and field pattern , , Ælfthryth, and church reforms and hunter-gatherers , , –, Ælfweard of Wessex , – Ælfwold and land-clearing – Ælfwyn of Mercia and nomadism , © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-46058-4 - The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III c. –c. Timothy Reuter Index More information agriculture (cont.) and trade production levels , Almish ibn Shilkı¯ (Yuktawa¯r; Bulgar leader) and settlement patterns Almos of Hungary – slash-and-burn –, Aloara of Capua and stock-rearing , , –, , , Alpert of Metz, and merchants , subsistence , – Alsace Ah. mad al-Akh. al and Arnulf Ah. mad b. al-H. asan al-Kalbı¯ and Henry II Ahtum-Ajtony of Hungary –, and Magyar campaigns Aimard of Cluny and monastic reform Aimerud of Auvergne (wife of Borrell II of and Otto I Barcelona) as part of Alemannia/Suabia Aimo of Auxerre Althing of Iceland Aimo of Fleury, De gestis regum Francorum Althoff, Gerd – Aion of Capua Amalfi Akilia of León and Byzantium , , , Alaholfings and co-rulers Alan I the Great of Brittany and intellectual life – Alan II Barbetorte –, and Lombardy Alans , , , and princely authority , , Alawich II of Reichenau and Saracen attack Alberic II of Rome and trade , –, , –, –, –, and monastic reform , , and Otto I Amatus of Monte Cassino and papacy , , Ambrosius Autpert Alberic of Spoleto , amicitia (political friendship) –, , , Albert of Vermandois , , , Aldred of Bamborough and Henry I , , –, Alemannia see Suabia and Otto I , , , , Aleppo, and Byzantium –, Anastasius the Librarian Aleram of Piedmont , Anastasius of Sens Alexander II, Emperor ancestors, and settlement patterns – and Symeon of Bulgaria – al-Andalus , – Alfonso II of León, and intellectual life agriculture Alfonso III of the Asturias , Christian population , Alfonso IV of León –, and local autonomy –, –, –, Alfonso V of León , –, – and Sicily Alfonso of Castile, and Aquitaine trade , –, Alfred the Great see also Abd al-Rah. ma¯n; Córdoba; Seville and Æthelred of Mercia Andernach, battle () –, and amicitia Andregoto Galindex (wife of García Sánchez I) and kingdom of England , and law-code , Andrew I of Hungary, marriage and London , Andrew of Fleury – and royal marriages , Andronikos Doukas , , and Scandinavia angels, in art and literature and translations , , Angilberga (wife of Louis II) and urban development Angilberga (wife of William I of Aquitaine) Alı¯b.H. ammu¯d – Allan III of Rennes Angilram of Saint-Riquier allodialists Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , , , and castle-building and Æthelred the Unready , and landholding –, , , , , and Æthelstan and seigneurie – and Eadred Almeria and Edmund Fatimid attack , and Edward the Elder , and Slav leaders – and Wulfstan of York © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-46058-4 - The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III c. –c. Timothy Reuter Index More information Index Anglo-Saxon language and Hugh Capet , – Anglo-Saxons, kingdom –, – and Hugh the Great , , , , animals – for draught and Lothar IV , –, and stock-rearing , –, and Louis IV – Anjou and Louis V – and Aquitaine –, and Magyar attacks , armies – and monastic reform , , , – and Blois and Odo of West Francia , and Brittany , , and princely authority –, –, –, and Capetians –, , , and castle-building and Radulf , , , and charters and Robert II of France , , and the church and Roman law and continuity with Carolingian patterns , and royal authority , , sources – emergence , , – and West Francia expansion , , – Arab–Khazar wars and independent castellanries – Aragon see Pamplona-Navarre and princely ideology –, – Aragonta González (wife of Ordoño II) and respect for kingship Arbo, margrave and warfare archaeology Anna (wife of Louis of Provence) , and castles – Anna Porphyrogenita (wife of Vladimir) , and consumption Annales Bertiniani contribution annales tradition , – and family patterns Annalista Saxo , and necropolises Annals of Fulda , –, and settlement patterns , , , , , , Ansegis, capitularies , Anskar of Hamburg-Bremen – and urban development , Anskar of Ivrea , archbishoprics – Antichrist , , – archbishops , anti-semitism archdeacons –, Antioch, and Byzantium , , , , Archembold of Sens aprisio/aprisionarii (Catalonia, Languedoc) , , architecture – , , Byzantine Apulia church , –, and Byzantium , , , –, , , Romanesque , , –, urban and Capua-Benevento – Ardennes counts , and the church – Arduin of Ivrea () , , , and Henry II Arduin of Ivrea () , – Latin population , – and Henry II – and Magyar attacks , as king of Italy – and Otto II , , Aribert of Milan , and Otto III Aribo (fidelis of Otto III), and markets – and Saracen attacks , – arimanni , Aquitaine aristocracy and Angevins –, and the church , , –, and aristocracy , , , clerical , and Carolingian inheritance , , and clientele , and Catalonia , and cults of saints and Charles the Bald and endogamy and
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    &ƌĂŶĐŝĂ͘&ŽƌƐĐŚƵŶŐĞŶnjƵƌǁĞƐƚĞƵƌŽƉćŝƐĐŚĞŶ'ĞƐĐŚŝĐŚƚĞ ,ĞƌĂƵƐŐĞŐĞďĞŶǀŽŵĞƵƚƐĐŚĞŶ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝƐĐŚĞŶ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚWĂƌŝƐ ;/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŚŝƐƚŽƌŝƋƵĞĂůůĞŵĂŶĚͿ ĂŶĚϭϰ;ϭϵϴϲͿ K/͗10.11588/fr.1986.0.52621 ZĞĐŚƚƐŚŝŶǁĞŝƐ ŝƚƚĞ ďĞĂĐŚƚĞŶ ^ŝĞ͕ ĚĂƐƐ ĚĂƐ ŝŐŝƚĂůŝƐĂƚ ƵƌŚĞďĞƌƌĞĐŚƚůŝĐŚ ŐĞƐĐŚƺƚnjƚ ŝƐƚ͘ ƌůĂƵďƚ ŝƐƚ ĂďĞƌ ĚĂƐ >ĞƐĞŶ͕ ĚĂƐ ƵƐĚƌƵĐŬĞŶ ĚĞƐ dĞdžƚĞƐ͕ ĚĂƐ ,ĞƌƵŶƚĞƌůĂĚĞŶ͕ ĚĂƐ ^ƉĞŝĐŚĞƌŶ ĚĞƌ ĂƚĞŶ ĂƵĨ ĞŝŶĞŵ ĞŝŐĞŶĞŶ ĂƚĞŶƚƌćŐĞƌ ƐŽǁĞŝƚ ĚŝĞ ǀŽƌŐĞŶĂŶŶƚĞŶ ,ĂŶĚůƵŶŐĞŶ ĂƵƐƐĐŚůŝĞƘůŝĐŚ njƵ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞŶ ƵŶĚ ŶŝĐŚƚͲ ŬŽŵŵĞƌnjŝĞůůĞŶ ǁĞĐŬĞŶ ĞƌĨŽůŐĞŶ͘ ŝŶĞ ĚĂƌƺďĞƌ ŚŝŶĂƵƐŐĞŚĞŶĚĞ ƵŶĞƌůĂƵďƚĞ sĞƌǁĞŶĚƵŶŐ͕ ZĞƉƌŽĚƵŬƚŝŽŶ ŽĚĞƌ tĞŝƚĞƌŐĂďĞ ĞŝŶnjĞůŶĞƌ /ŶŚĂůƚĞ ŽĚĞƌ ŝůĚĞƌ ŬƂŶŶĞŶ ƐŽǁŽŚů njŝǀŝůͲ ĂůƐ ĂƵĐŚ ƐƚƌĂĨƌĞĐŚƚůŝĐŚ ǀĞƌĨŽůŐƚǁĞƌĚĞŶ͘ Prosopographica VII Constance B. Bouchard FAMILY STRUCTURE AND FAMILY CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG THE ARISTOCRACY IN THE NINTH TO ELEVENTH CENTURIES* There can be no question that the period from the ninth to eleventh centuries in westem Europe was one of political upheaval and change for the aristocracy. Charlemagne’s empire was invaded, fought over, divided into new kingdoms and principalities. Fief-holding, vassalage, and castles first became widespread. Even the sorts of men who wielded power changed as new lineages first of counts and then of castellans appeared and married into previously established lines1. This political change, it is generally agreed, was accompanied by some sort of change in the family structure of the aristocracy, but there has been a good deal of debate over exactly what this change entailed. In this paper, I shall reexamine the question of noble family structure in this period, trying first to define some of the parameters of the discussion and then making suggestions on the nature of the changes in family consciousness, suggestions quite different from the conclusions many have drawn in the last twenty-five years. I shall do so using concrete examples drawn from three different lineages or family groups.