Diplomarbeit / Diploma Thesis

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Diplomarbeit / Diploma Thesis DIPLOMARBEIT / DIPLOMA THESIS Titel der Diplomarbeit / Title of the Diploma Thesis „Gender, Homosexualität und ethnische Minderheiten in der Sitcom. Eine kulturwissenschaftliche Analyse der rus- sischen Adaption von ‘How I Met Your Mother‘.“ verfasst von / submitted by MMag. Tanja Schmidbauer angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) Wien, 2017 / Vienna, 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 190 313 362 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Lehramtsstudium UF Geschichte, Sozialkunde und degree programme as it appears on Politische Bildung, UF Russisch the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Ao. Univ.-Prof. i.R. Dr. Gero Fischer для меня i Danksagung An dieser Stelle möchte ich mich bei meinem Betreuer Ao. Univ.-Prof. i.R. Dr. Gero Fischer für sein konstruktives Feedback und bei all jenen Menschen, die mich wäh- rend des Verfassens meiner Diplomarbeit unterstützt haben, bedanken. Vielen Dank an Tobi, der sich durch die Korrektur der deutschen Texte plagte und an Oksana, die selbiges in der russischen Version tat. ii Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagung ................................................................................................................ ii Inhaltsverzeichnis ....................................................................................................... iii Abkürzungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................... vi Abbildungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................... vii 1. Einleitung ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Aktueller Forschungsstand ................................................................................ 3 1.2. Globalisierung: Amerikanische TV-Formate in russischen Wohnzimmern? ..... 5 1.3. Cultivation Analysis: Amerikanisches Denken in russischen Köpfen? .............. 9 2. Historischer Abriss. Sitcoms in den USA und Russland ....................................... 12 2.1. Die Sitcom in den USA ................................................................................... 12 2.1.1. Von Vaudeville zu Pleasantville. Eine amerikanische Erfolgsgeschichte .................................................... 13 2.1.2. Von Pleasantville zur Munster-Party ........................................................ 17 2.1.3. Von der Munster-Party zum Tabubruch ................................................... 18 2.1.4. Vom Tabubruch zu den Golden Girls ....................................................... 20 2.1.5. Von den Golden Girls zu den Roaring Twens .......................................... 21 2.1.6. Von den Roaring Twens zu den Millenials ............................................... 22 2.1.7. Die moderne Sitcom ................................................................................. 23 2.2. Das Fernsehen und die Sitkom in Russland ................................................... 23 2.2.1. Das sowjetische Fernsehen ..................................................................... 24 2.2.2. Der Wandel des russischen Fernsehens .................................................. 26 2.2.3. Die russische Sitkom ................................................................................ 30 3. Stereotypen und die Situationskomödie ............................................................... 35 3.1. Vom Genre zur Sitcom ................................................................................... 35 3.2. Sitcom Typologie ............................................................................................ 39 3.3. Stereotypen in Sitcoms ................................................................................... 40 3.3.1. Was ist ein Stereotyp? ............................................................................. 40 3.3.2 Stereotypische Charakteren in US-amerikanischen Sitcoms .................... 44 3.3.2.1. The Loveable Loser ............................................................................ 44 3.3.2.2. The Womanizer/The Manizer.............................................................. 45 3.3.3. Gender ..................................................................................................... 45 3.3.4. Homosexualität ......................................................................................... 47 3.3.5. Ethnische Minderheiten ............................................................................ 49 3.4. Rollenverteilung und Stereotypen im postsowjetischen Russland .................. 50 3.4.1. Geschlechtsstereotypische Rollenverteilung ............................................ 51 iii 3.4.2. Homosexualität und Homophobie ............................................................ 57 3.4.3. Ethnische Minderheiten ............................................................................ 61 3.5. Das Narrativ von HIMYM und КЯВВМ ............................................................ 66 3.5.1. Daten und Fakten ..................................................................................... 66 3.5.2. Zielgruppe ................................................................................................ 68 3.5.3. Inhaltsangabe ........................................................................................... 68 3.5.3.1. Staffel 1 .............................................................................................. 69 3.5.3.2. Staffel 2 .............................................................................................. 70 3.5.3.3. Die russische Adaption ....................................................................... 70 3.5.4. Unterschiede im Narrativ .......................................................................... 71 3.5.4.1. Namen und Orte ................................................................................. 71 3.5.4.2. Feierlichkeiten & Feste ....................................................................... 72 3.5.4.3. Sport ................................................................................................... 72 3.6.4.4. Berühmte Persönlichkeiten ................................................................. 72 3.5.4.5. Der Ursprung allen Übels ................................................................... 74 3.5.5. Genrespezifische Stereotypen ................................................................. 74 4. Kulturwissenschaftliche Analyse ........................................................................... 75 4.1. Methodik und Material .................................................................................... 75 4.2. Inhaltsanalyse ................................................................................................. 76 4.2.1. Gender(un)typische Verhaltensformen ..................................................... 77 4.2.1.1. Der feminine Mann ............................................................................. 77 4.2.1.1.1. Äußere Erscheinungsform ............................................................ 78 4.2.1.1.2. Männliche Tapferkeit .................................................................... 78 4.2.1.1.3. Emotionsgeleitete und gefühlvolle Männer ................................... 79 4.2.1.1.4. Körperliche Unterlegenheit ........................................................... 80 4.2.1.1.5. Der мужик – machohaftes Verhalten ............................................ 81 4.2.1.2. Die maskuline Frau ............................................................................. 83 4.2.1.2.1. Äußere Erscheinungsform ............................................................ 83 4.2.1.2.2. Sexualisierung der Frau ................................................................ 85 4.2.1.2.3. Frauen und ihre Laster.................................................................. 86 4.2.1.2.4. Bindungsangst & „Karrieregeilheit“ ............................................... 87 4.2.2. Repräsentation von Homosexualität ......................................................... 89 4.2.2.1. Homosexuelle Referenzen ................................................................. 89 4.2.2.2. Der Bruder- bzw. Schwesternkuss ...................................................... 90 4.2.2.3. Darstellung homosexueller Männer .................................................... 91 4.2.2.4.Homosexuelles Aussehen ................................................................... 92 4.2.2.5. Travestiekunst – Verka Serdjučka ...................................................... 92 4.2.2.6. Episode 10 .......................................................................................... 93 4.2.3. Repräsentation unterschiedlicher ethnischer Minderheiten ...................... 94 4.2.3.1. Beobachtungen ................................................................................... 94 4.2.3.1.1. Afroamerikaner/innen ................................................................... 95 4.2.3.1.2. Asiat/innen .................................................................................... 97 4.2.3.1.3. Libanesin ...................................................................................... 98 iv 4.2.3.1.4. Hispanoamerikaner/innen ............................................................. 98 4.2.3.1.5. Europäer ......................................................................................
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