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The Prussian Army During the Napoleonic Wars (1792-1815) Volume II

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The Prussian Army 1792-1815 Volume II The Guard & Landwehr George F. Nafziger The Prussian Army During the Napoleonic Wars (1792-1815) Volume II Published West Chester, OH 1996 (C) G.F.Nafziger INDEX Chapter VIII - The Prussian Guard 1 Chapter IX - Legions, Freikorps, and Non-Prussian Troops 9 Chapter X - The Landwehr 20 Chapter XI - National Cavalry Regiments 60 Bibliography 64 Index 68 Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge the kind assistance of Peter Hofschröer, to whom I am greatly indebted. His kindness and review comments were both enlightening and provided a substantial contribution to this work. Chapter VIII The Prussian Guard Garde zu Fuss When the 1st Garde zu Fuss Regiment marched out to engage the French on 14 October 1806 it had two battalions. The entire regiment consisted of 56 company officers, 120 Unteroffiziere, 56 musicians and 1,464 guardsmen. Each battalion had six companies. The first company of each battalion was organized with 5 offic­ ers, 10 Unteroffiziere, 5 musicians, and 122 guardsmen. The second companies had 4 officers, 10 Unteroffiziere, 11 musicians, and 122 guardsmen. The remaining four companies had, 4 officers, 10 Unteroffiziere, 3 musicians, and 122 guardsmen.1 On 19 June 1813 Friederich Wilhelm ordered the raising of the 2nd Garde zu Fuss Regiment. It was formed from the Normal Infanterie Bataillon, the 1st Battalion of the Colberg Regiment and the Fusilier Battalion of the Leib-Infanterie-Regiment. To rebuild the companies drawn from the Colberg and Leib Regiments those companies remaining with the regiment were stripped of the necessary personnel. Those regiments were later filled out with drafts and a new battalion raised to replace the missing person­ nel . 12 The line battalions had the normal organization. However, the Normal Infanterie Bataillon had four companies, each with four officers, ten Unteroffiziere, three musicians and 125 sol­ diers .3 The Order-in-Cabinet of 30 June 1813 established the 2nd Regiment with a Kommandeur and two grenadier battalions with: 3 Stabsoffiziere 4 Kapitains 4 Stabskapitains 4 Premierleutnants 2 Adjutanten 1 Rechnungsführer (Officer as accountant) 22 Sekondeleutnants 1 Regimental Surgeon 120 Unteroffiziere 10 Hautboisten (Musicians) 34 Spielleute (Drummers) 1,456 Guardsmen 8 Surgeons 1 Gunsmith ____ 1 Gunstock maker 1,630 Total 1. Reinhard, pg 264. 2. von Ludingshausen, pg 2. 3. von Ludingshausen, pg 6. 1 The single fusilier battalion had: 1 Stabsoffizier 3 Kapitains 1 Stabskapitains 3 Premierleutnants 1 Adjutanten 1 Rechnungsführer (Accountant) 10 Sekondleutnants 1 Surgeon 60 Unteroffiziere 12 Speilleute (Drummers) 728 Guardsmen 1 Bataillonstambour (Battalion drum major) 4 Surgeons __ 1 Gun maker 827 Total1 There were also two Freiwillige Jäger companies raised by the 2nd Garde zu Fuss Regiment. They had: 3 Offiziere 15 Unteroffiziere (1st Company) 10 Unteroffiziere (2nd Company) 1 Surgeon 2 Buglers 183 Jäger (1st Company) 160 Jäger (2nd Company)21 3 3 The Garde zu Fuss Regiment No. 2 was raised on 19 June 1813 using the Normal Infantry Battalion, the Fusilier Battalion, Leib Infantry Regiment, and the 1st Battalion of the Colberg Infantry Regiment. Its organization was the same as the Gax*de zu Fuss Regiment No. 1. At the same time the Garde zu Fuss Regiment No. 1 was taken out of the sequence of line regiments, i.e. no longer numbered the 8th Regiment. The Kaiser Franz and Czar Alexander Grenadier Regiments were formed on 14 October 1814 by combining the army's six independent grenadier battalions. The Leib, 1st and 2nd East Prussian Gre­ nadier Battalions formed the Kaiser Franz Grenadier Regiment. The Pomeranian, Silesian, and West Prussian Grenadiers formed the Czar Alexander Grenadier Regiment.4 Both regiments had three battalions and were organized like the other infantry regiments. The guard reserve battalions were disbanded as a result of the order of 22 August 1814. 1. von Ludingshausen, pg 7. 2. von Ludingshausen, pg 6. 3. Jany, Vol IV, pg 91. 4. von Rieben, F., pg 6. 2 Gnard Infantry Uniforms The Garde zu Fuss wore the same coat as the line infantry, except it had Swedish cuffs decorated with white "Litzen" or lace. The "Litzen" were also worn on their collars. The Guard wore buttons made of white metal. When the 2nd Garde zu Fuss Regiment was raised inl813 it wore the same uniform of the 1st Regiment, but its buttons were gold and the cuffs of the coat were in the "Brandenburg" style. When the Guard Grenadier Regiments were formed they wore red collars and red Brandenburg cuffs on their "Kollets". The cuffs had a blue patch. The shoulder straps of the 1st Guard Grenadier Regiment were white with the cypher of the Czar Alexander in red. Those of the 2nd Guard Grenadier Regiment were red with the cypher of the Kaiser Franz in white on them.1 The Guard Grenadier's shako had the old Prussian flying eagle in yellow metal. The Normal Infantry Battalion and the Garde zu Fuss had the guard star in white metal on their shako. All of the guard units could mount a white "Busch" plume to the front peak of their shakos. The top quarter of the non-commis­ sioned officer's "Busch" was colored black to distinguish him. Normal-Infanterie-Bataillon The Normal Infanterie Bataillon was raised by the Order-in- Cabinet of 14 May 1811. It was formed by the detaching of a Rotte (file) from every company in the Prussian army. These men were taken to Berlin and organized into four companies. The companies were organized with men drawn from the following regi­ ments: 3 1st Company : Unteroffiziere Men 1st East Prussian Regiment 3 42 1st East Prussian Gren. Bn. 1 0 2nd East Prussian Regiment 3 42 3rd East Prussian Regiment 3 42 2nd East Prussian Gren. Bn. 1 0 2nd Company : Unteroffiziere Men 4 th East Prussian Regiment 3 42 1st Pomeranian Regiment 3 42 2nd Pomeranian Gren. Bn. 1 0 Colberg Regiment 3 42 3rd Company : Unteroffiziere Men Garde zu Fuss Regiment 3 42 Leifci Regiment 3 42 Leifc> Grenadier Battalion 1 0 1st West Prussian Regiment 3 42 4th Company : Unteroffiziere Men 2nd West Prussian Regiment 3 42 1st Silesian Regiment 3 42 West Prussian Gren. Bn. 1 0 Silesian Gren. Bn. 1 0 2nd Silesian Regiment 3 42 1. Nash, pg 18. 3 Each company advanced one man one grade to the rank of Unteroffiziere. Each company was then reorganized such that they had twelve Unteroffiziere and 125 men. The Order-in-Cabinet of 21 June 1811 added one surgeon to each company. The staff of the battalion consisted of one Major, three Kapitains, one Stabskapitain, three Premierleutnants, and 14 Sekondeleutnants. The Order-in-Cabinet of 5 January 1812 directed that the rate of pay for the men assigned to the battalion be increased to the rates of the Garde zu Fuss. The Order-in-Cabinet of 12 January 1813 used the Krümper to raise the battalion to a total strength of 805 men and on 12 February 1813 the battalion was mobilized. The Order-in-Cabinet of 3 February 1813 directed that a Freiwillige Jäger battalion be added to the régiment.1 The battalion fought at Lützen (2 May 1813), and Bautzen (20-21 May 1813). Garde-Jäger-Bataillon On 9 November 1808 General Yorck proposed to the King of Prussia that a Guard Jäger Battalion be raised. The men used to form this battalion came from the Witzleben, Lichtenhayn, Valen- tini II, and Dobrowolsky Jäger Companies. It was to consist of 500 men organized into four companies. Each company was to have four officers, ten Oberjäger, three buglers, and 112 Jäger. The adjutant, the battalion quartiermeister and staff bugler were assigned to the 1st Company. The battalion was raised and it had a total of : 1 Commandant 1 Major 2 Compagnie chefs 2 Stabkapitains 2 Premierleutnants 1 Adjutant 1 Regimental Quartermaster 8 Sekondeleutnant 40 Oberjäger 1 Staff Bugler 12 Buglers 448 Jäger 501 Total In wartime this force was expanded by the addition of five Oberjägers and 50 Jäger per company. During peacetime these men were in the battalion's canton. The Guard Jäger were entirely armed with the Potsdam Rifles. 1. von Ludwingshausen, pg 5S3-5. 4 In 1815 the Guard Jäger once again had Freiwillige Jäger detachments with them.1 2 3 4 5 6 On 3 February 1813 the Garde Jäger and the Siles.ian Schützen raised Freiwillige Jäger detachments. The battalion fought at Lützen (2 May 1813), Bautzen (20-21 May 1813), Katzbach (26 August 1813), Wartenbrug (3 October 1813) , Leipzig (16-19 October 1813), and La Rothière (1 February 1814) . The Guard Jäger Battalion wore a yellow metal star on their shako. Their breeches were gray and they wore knee length boots. After 1813 the Guard Jäger wore two yellow wool Litzen on their collars and cuffs. In 1811 these had been of gold. Guard Freiwillige Jäger Battalion von Wedell The Guard Freiwillige Jäger Battalion von Wedell was formed from volunteers in early 1813 and operated with the Prussian Guard. The battalion fought at Lützen (2 May 1813) and Bautzen (20-21 May 1813). Garde-Schützen Batallion On 19 May 1814 the remains of the Neuchâtel Battalion was formed into the Guard Schützen Battalion. It had four companies and was otherwise organized like the other Prussian infantry battalions. Guard Cuirassier Regiment The Garde du Corps was formed in 1641 as a "Bodyguard Compa­ ny on Horseback" with detachments from the Jung-Burgsdorff Regi­ ment. On 17 July 1798 the regiment was raised to five squadrons. In 1808 the 13th Cuirassier Regiment was redesignated the 3rd "Garde du Corps" Cuirassier Regiment. The Guard Cuirassier Regiment was ordered formed on 1 Febru­ ary 1815.
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