The Prussian Army 1792-1815 Volume II
The Guard & Landwehr George F. Nafziger The Prussian Army During the Napoleonic Wars (1792-1815) Volume II
Published West Chester, OH 1996
(C) G.F.Nafziger INDEX
Chapter VIII - The Prussian Guard 1
Chapter IX - Legions, Freikorps, and Non-Prussian Troops 9
Chapter X - The Landwehr 20
Chapter XI - National Cavalry Regiments 60
Bibliography 64
Index 68
Acknowledgement
I would like to acknowledge the kind assistance of Peter Hofschröer, to whom I am greatly indebted. His kindness and review comments were both enlightening and provided a substantial contribution to this work. Chapter VIII The Prussian Guard
Garde zu Fuss When the 1st Garde zu Fuss Regiment marched out to engage the French on 14 October 1806 it had two battalions. The entire regiment consisted of 56 company officers, 120 Unteroffiziere, 56 musicians and 1,464 guardsmen. Each battalion had six companies. The first company of each battalion was organized with 5 offic ers, 10 Unteroffiziere, 5 musicians, and 122 guardsmen. The second companies had 4 officers, 10 Unteroffiziere, 11 musicians, and 122 guardsmen. The remaining four companies had, 4 officers, 10 Unteroffiziere, 3 musicians, and 122 guardsmen.1 On 19 June 1813 Friederich Wilhelm ordered the raising of the 2nd Garde zu Fuss Regiment. It was formed from the Normal Infanterie Bataillon, the 1st Battalion of the Colberg Regiment and the Fusilier Battalion of the Leib-Infanterie-Regiment. To rebuild the companies drawn from the Colberg and Leib Regiments those companies remaining with the regiment were stripped of the necessary personnel. Those regiments were later filled out with drafts and a new battalion raised to replace the missing person nel . 12 The line battalions had the normal organization. However, the Normal Infanterie Bataillon had four companies, each with four officers, ten Unteroffiziere, three musicians and 125 sol diers .3 The Order-in-Cabinet of 30 June 1813 established the 2nd Regiment with a Kommandeur and two grenadier battalions with: 3 Stabsoffiziere 4 Kapitains 4 Stabskapitains 4 Premierleutnants 2 Adjutanten 1 Rechnungsführer (Officer as accountant) 22 Sekondeleutnants 1 Regimental Surgeon 120 Unteroffiziere 10 Hautboisten (Musicians) 34 Spielleute (Drummers) 1,456 Guardsmen 8 Surgeons 1 Gunsmith ____ 1 Gunstock maker 1,630 Total
1. Reinhard, pg 264.
2. von Ludingshausen, pg 2.
3. von Ludingshausen, pg 6.
1 The single fusilier battalion had: 1 Stabsoffizier 3 Kapitains 1 Stabskapitains 3 Premierleutnants 1 Adjutanten 1 Rechnungsführer (Accountant) 10 Sekondleutnants 1 Surgeon 60 Unteroffiziere 12 Speilleute (Drummers) 728 Guardsmen 1 Bataillonstambour (Battalion drum major) 4 Surgeons __ 1 Gun maker 827 Total1
There were also two Freiwillige Jäger companies raised by the 2nd Garde zu Fuss Regiment. They had: 3 Offiziere 15 Unteroffiziere (1st Company) 10 Unteroffiziere (2nd Company) 1 Surgeon 2 Buglers 183 Jäger (1st Company) 160 Jäger (2nd Company)21 3 3
The Garde zu Fuss Regiment No. 2 was raised on 19 June 1813 using the Normal Infantry Battalion, the Fusilier Battalion, Leib Infantry Regiment, and the 1st Battalion of the Colberg Infantry Regiment. Its organization was the same as the Gax*de zu Fuss Regiment No. 1. At the same time the Garde zu Fuss Regiment No. 1 was taken out of the sequence of line regiments, i.e. no longer numbered the 8th Regiment. The Kaiser Franz and Czar Alexander Grenadier Regiments were formed on 14 October 1814 by combining the army's six independent grenadier battalions. The Leib, 1st and 2nd East Prussian Gre nadier Battalions formed the Kaiser Franz Grenadier Regiment. The Pomeranian, Silesian, and West Prussian Grenadiers formed the Czar Alexander Grenadier Regiment.4 Both regiments had three battalions and were organized like the other infantry regiments. The guard reserve battalions were disbanded as a result of the order of 22 August 1814.
1. von Ludingshausen, pg 7.
2. von Ludingshausen, pg 6.
3. Jany, Vol IV, pg 91.
4. von Rieben, F., pg 6.
2 Gnard Infantry Uniforms The Garde zu Fuss wore the same coat as the line infantry, except it had Swedish cuffs decorated with white "Litzen" or lace. The "Litzen" were also worn on their collars. The Guard wore buttons made of white metal. When the 2nd Garde zu Fuss Regiment was raised inl813 it wore the same uniform of the 1st Regiment, but its buttons were gold and the cuffs of the coat were in the "Brandenburg" style. When the Guard Grenadier Regiments were formed they wore red collars and red Brandenburg cuffs on their "Kollets". The cuffs had a blue patch. The shoulder straps of the 1st Guard Grenadier Regiment were white with the cypher of the Czar Alexander in red. Those of the 2nd Guard Grenadier Regiment were red with the cypher of the Kaiser Franz in white on them.1 The Guard Grenadier's shako had the old Prussian flying eagle in yellow metal. The Normal Infantry Battalion and the Garde zu Fuss had the guard star in white metal on their shako. All of the guard units could mount a white "Busch" plume to the front peak of their shakos. The top quarter of the non-commis sioned officer's "Busch" was colored black to distinguish him. Normal-Infanterie-Bataillon The Normal Infanterie Bataillon was raised by the Order-in- Cabinet of 14 May 1811. It was formed by the detaching of a Rotte (file) from every company in the Prussian army. These men were taken to Berlin and organized into four companies. The companies were organized with men drawn from the following regi ments: 3 1st Company : Unteroffiziere Men 1st East Prussian Regiment 3 42 1st East Prussian Gren. Bn. 1 0 2nd East Prussian Regiment 3 42 3rd East Prussian Regiment 3 42 2nd East Prussian Gren. Bn. 1 0 2nd Company : Unteroffiziere Men 4 th East Prussian Regiment 3 42 1st Pomeranian Regiment 3 42 2nd Pomeranian Gren. Bn. 1 0 Colberg Regiment 3 42 3rd Company : Unteroffiziere Men Garde zu Fuss Regiment 3 42 Leifci Regiment 3 42 Leifc> Grenadier Battalion 1 0 1st West Prussian Regiment 3 42 4th Company : Unteroffiziere Men 2nd West Prussian Regiment 3 42 1st Silesian Regiment 3 42 West Prussian Gren. Bn. 1 0 Silesian Gren. Bn. 1 0 2nd Silesian Regiment 3 42
1. Nash, pg 18.
3 Each company advanced one man one grade to the rank of Unteroffiziere. Each company was then reorganized such that they had twelve Unteroffiziere and 125 men. The Order-in-Cabinet of 21 June 1811 added one surgeon to each company. The staff of the battalion consisted of one Major, three Kapitains, one Stabskapitain, three Premierleutnants, and 14 Sekondeleutnants. The Order-in-Cabinet of 5 January 1812 directed that the rate of pay for the men assigned to the battalion be increased to the rates of the Garde zu Fuss. The Order-in-Cabinet of 12 January 1813 used the Krümper to raise the battalion to a total strength of 805 men and on 12 February 1813 the battalion was mobilized. The Order-in-Cabinet of 3 February 1813 directed that a Freiwillige Jäger battalion be added to the régiment.1 The battalion fought at Lützen (2 May 1813), and Bautzen (20-21 May 1813). Garde-Jäger-Bataillon On 9 November 1808 General Yorck proposed to the King of Prussia that a Guard Jäger Battalion be raised. The men used to form this battalion came from the Witzleben, Lichtenhayn, Valen- tini II, and Dobrowolsky Jäger Companies. It was to consist of 500 men organized into four companies. Each company was to have four officers, ten Oberjäger, three buglers, and 112 Jäger. The adjutant, the battalion quartiermeister and staff bugler were assigned to the 1st Company. The battalion was raised and it had a total of : 1 Commandant 1 Major 2 Compagnie chefs 2 Stabkapitains 2 Premierleutnants 1 Adjutant 1 Regimental Quartermaster 8 Sekondeleutnant 40 Oberjäger 1 Staff Bugler 12 Buglers 448 Jäger 501 Total
In wartime this force was expanded by the addition of five Oberjägers and 50 Jäger per company. During peacetime these men were in the battalion's canton. The Guard Jäger were entirely armed with the Potsdam Rifles.
1. von Ludwingshausen, pg 5S3-5.
4 In 1815 the Guard Jäger once again had Freiwillige Jäger detachments with them.1 2 3 4 5 6 On 3 February 1813 the Garde Jäger and the Siles.ian Schützen raised Freiwillige Jäger detachments. The battalion fought at Lützen (2 May 1813), Bautzen (20-21 May 1813), Katzbach (26 August 1813), Wartenbrug (3 October 1813) , Leipzig (16-19 October 1813), and La Rothière (1 February 1814) . The Guard Jäger Battalion wore a yellow metal star on their shako. Their breeches were gray and they wore knee length boots. After 1813 the Guard Jäger wore two yellow wool Litzen on their collars and cuffs. In 1811 these had been of gold. Guard Freiwillige Jäger Battalion von Wedell The Guard Freiwillige Jäger Battalion von Wedell was formed from volunteers in early 1813 and operated with the Prussian Guard. The battalion fought at Lützen (2 May 1813) and Bautzen (20-21 May 1813). Garde-Schützen Batallion On 19 May 1814 the remains of the Neuchâtel Battalion was formed into the Guard Schützen Battalion. It had four companies and was otherwise organized like the other Prussian infantry battalions. Guard Cuirassier Regiment The Garde du Corps was formed in 1641 as a "Bodyguard Compa ny on Horseback" with detachments from the Jung-Burgsdorff Regi ment. On 17 July 1798 the regiment was raised to five squadrons. In 1808 the 13th Cuirassier Regiment was redesignated the 3rd "Garde du Corps" Cuirassier Regiment. The Guard Cuirassier Regiment was ordered formed on 1 Febru ary 1815. The actual process of formation began on 7 March 1815 when it was formed from the Garde du Corps Regiment. The Branden burg Cuirassier Regiment assumed the number 3 and a new 4th Cuirassier Regiment was organized using three squadrons of Saxon cuirassiers that had become Prussian with the absorption of parts of Saxony into Prussia after the end of the 1813 campaign. On 28 August 1814 the 5th Squadron of the regiment was disbanded.
1. Theil, E.P., pg 225.
2. Theil, E.P., pg 223.
3. Nash, pg 26.
4. Alt, pgs 46-47, 56.
5. Alt, pg 59.
6. Jany, Vol IV, pg 108.
5 The regiment fought at Lützen (2 May 1813), Bautzen (20-21 May 1813), Dresden (26/27 August 1813), Leipzig (16-19 October 1813), and La Rothière (1 February 1814). Commanders 1785 Major von Byern 1794 Oberst von Zollikofer 1798 Ob.Lieut, von Rabenau 1801 Major von Wintzingerode 1806 Major von Winzingerode 1810 Major Bockum Dolffs 1813 Major von Knobelsdorff Garde-Leicht-Kavallerie-Regiment On 27 March 1811 the Normal Dragoon and Normal Hussar Compa nies were ordered raised. On 1 June each had a strength of: 1 Rittmeister 1 Premierleutnant 1 Sekondeleutnant 8 Unteroffiziere 1 Trumpeter 60 Men 72 Total The Order-in-Cabinet of 17 June 1811 ordered these companies increased in strength. One Unteroffizier, six troopers and seven horses were drawn from each of the West Prussian, East Prussian, Pomeranian and Upper Silesian Cavalry Brigades as well as the Brandenburg Cuirassier Regiment. On 8 October 1811 each Normal Compagnie consisted of:
5 Officers 13 Unteroffiziere 3 Trumpeters 1 Chirurgus 1 Fähnenschmied 111 Troopers __4 Weiber (Grenadiers) 138 Total In April 1812 these companies were given Guard status.“ On 13 February 1813 the "Garde-Kosaken-Eskadron" was ordered formed. It was formed in Breslau from men drawn from the Garde du Corps Regiment and the Garde-Uhlan Eskadron, both Normal Eskadrons as well as volunteers drawn from the infantry and cavalry. On 23 February 1813 it was assigned to the Guard Light Cavalry Regi ment .21
1. AlC, 05 172 à 123.
2. Ale, pg 50-61.
6 On 18 February 1813 these four squadrons were joined togeth er into the "Leichte Garde-Cavallerie-Regiment." The dragoons were designated as the 1st Squadron, the uhlans as the 2nd, the Cossacks the third and the hussars the 4th.1
1st Squadron - Normal Guard Dragoon Squadron 2nd Squadron - Guard Uhlan Squadron 3rd Squadron - Guard Cossack Squadron 4th Squadron - Normal Guard Hussar Squadron The regiment was reorganized such that it now had: Staff: 1 Oberst 1 Oberstleutnant 1st Squadron: 1 Rittmeister 1 Premierleutnant 4 Sekondeleutnants Aggregate Officers: 1 Premierleutnant 2 Sekondeleutnants Volunteer Officers: 1 Sekondeleutnant Other: 1 Portepeefähnrich 2nd Squadron: 1 Major 1 Stabsrittmeister 1 Premierleutnant 4 Sekondeleutnants Aggregate Officers: 1 Premierleutnant Volunteer Officers: 1 Sekondeleutnant 3rd Squadron: 1 Rittmeister 1 Premierleutnant 3 Sekondeleutnants Aggregate Officers: 1 Premierleutnant Volunteer Officers: 1 Sekondeleutnant 4th Squadron: 1 Rittmeister 1 Premierleutnant 5 Sekondeleutnants Aggregate Officers: 1 Premierleutnant Other: 1 Portepeefähnrich Guard Volunteer Jäger Squadron: 2 Rittmeister 12
On 8 April 1813 the 1st and 4th Squadrons were officially named the Guard Dragoon and Guard Hussar Squadrons. Each squa dron had 150 men. The regiment was disbanded on 21 February 1815 and its squadrons were used to form the Guard Uhlan, Guard Dra goon and Guard Hussar Regiment. During 1813 and 1814 the Guard Light Cavalry Regiment had two Garde-Volontair-Jäger squadrons attached to it. Each of these squadrons had a strength of 150 men.3
1. Kehrinck, pgs 3-4.
2. Kehrinck, pg 18-19.
3. Ale, pg 57.
7 Between 2 and 7 April 1815 the Guard Cossack Squadron was absorbed into the newly forming Guard Uhlan Regiment. The regiment fought at Lützen (2 May 1813), Bautzen (20-21 May 1813) , Leipzig (16-19 October 1813), and La Rothière (1 February 1814) . Guard Hussars The Guard Hussars were formed using the hussar squadron of the Guard Light Cavalry Regiment and three squadrons of the East Prussian National Cavalry Regiment on 21 February 1815. Guard Uhlans In November 1808 by the General Governor of Silesia, Oberst Graf von Götzen received the order to use the 10 squadrons of cavalry raised in the 1807 campaign to form a Leib or Guard Uhlan Squadron. The organization ended in February 1809. On 18 March 1809 this formation was given the name "Leib-Ulanen-Eskadron". The name was changed on 18 July 1809 to the "Guard Ulanen Eska dron". It operated as part of the Guard Light Cavalry Regiment until 21 February 1815.1 On 21 February 1815 the Guard Uhlan and Guard Cossack Squa drons of the Light Guard Cavalry Regiment were combined with two squadrons of the Silesian National hussar Regiment and used to form the Guard Uhlan Regiment. Guard Dragoon Regiment On 21 February 1815 the Guard Dragoon Company, the 1st and 2nd Squadrons of the Pomeranian National Cavalry Regiment and the Leib Squadron of the Königin Dragoons were used to organize the "Garde Dragoner Regiment" . The organization of the regiment was completed on 21 April 1815.
1- Ale, pg 60.
2. Ale, pg 59. j. Ale, pg 172 & 193
8 Chapter IX Legions, Freikorps, and Non-Prussian Troops
RUSSO-GERMAN-LEGION Proposals for the Russo-German Legion began in 1812. Stein proposed to Gneisenau that he come to Russia and help organize a legion of eight battalions (each with 898 men) eight squadrons of cavalry (each with 158 men) , two horse batteries (each with 193 men) , a foot battery (with 173 men) and a Jäger detachment (with 140 men).1 2 Little came of the original proposal, though the Russians did begin organizing some units in 1812 using ethnic German prisoners of war. In the beginning of July the first formation raised consisted of 30 former Imperial Guard Dutch Lancers. On 5 August 50 Prussians from the 1st East Prussian Regiment were organized. Various defections brought the budding German legion under Oberstleutnant von Tiedemann to a strength of 664 men by 22 August 1812. In September the 1st Battalion was organized and a second under Kapitain von Fricks began formation. The gather ing cavalry were organized into the Is Hussar Regiment. At the same time there was a growing number of German artillerists coming into the Russian hands and they were organized into the 1st Horse Battery. In December a depot was established in Pskov. The first two battalions were at full strength and formed the 1st Brigade. Organization began on a second brigade as more and more German deserters and prisoners joined the expanding legion. Once Prussia defected Prussian officers were dispatched to Russia where they went through the prisoner of war camps and began a serious organizing those men who could be drawn into the forming legion. The third battalion and the 2nd Hussar Regiment began forming in Mitau in February 1813. In May the 4th Battalion began forming in Königsberg and the 2nd Horse Battery was organ ized. Between May and June the 5th Battalion was raised. The 6th Battalion was raised on 2 April 1813 by the conver sion of the battalion of the Saxon Prinz Maximilian Regiment that was captured at Lüneburg. The 7th Battalion began forming short ly before the battle of Lützen with 40 Saxon deserters. By the end of July it had 3 officers and 270 men. An 8th Battalion was proposed, but insufficient men were available. In August a foot battery, equipped with English 9pdr cannon, started forming. In addition, a park column was also formed. On 26 June 1813 the legion was organized and its staff consisted of: 1 2
1. von Quisccrp, 3., pg 24.
2. von Quiscorp, 3., pg 31-37.
9 1 Oberbefehlshaber (Commanding officer) 2 Brigadiers 1 Generalmajor 1 Oberst 1 Chef des Generalquartiermeisterstabes (Chief of the general headquarter staff quartermaster) The Legion had forces consisting of eight battalions of infantry, two hussar regiments, two horse batteries, one foot batteries, one Jäger detachment and a park company. These units were raised and organized in the cities shown below:
1st Battalion - July/September 1812 in Revel 2nd Battalion - September 1812 in Revel 3rd Battalion - February/March 1813 4th Battalion - March/May 1813 Königsberg 5th Battalion - May/June 1813 Königsberg 6th Battalion - 29/30 June 1813 Warthe 7th Battalion - July/October 1813 in Lan Gebielau and Domitz 8th Battalion - September 1813 in Berlin Jäger - August 1812 in Revel 1st Hussars - August 1812 in Revel 2nd Hussars - February/May 1813 in Mitau & Königsberg 1st Horse Art. - August 1812 in Revel 2nd Horse Art. - April/May 1812 in Koenigsberg Foot Artillery - August/October 1813 in Barth Park Company - August 1812 in Revel1
The infantry battalions were organized with 4 companies. Each company had 19 officers and 898 men. The hussar regiments were to have four squadrons. Each squadron was to have 158 men. The Legion was assigned to Wallmoden's corps and operated in northern Germany against Davout. It fought one major battle at Göhrde 16 September 1813. Later it operated against the Danes and was engaged at Sehestedt on 10 December. In 1814 it was engaged in the siege of Danzig. In that same year it was taken into British pay and renamed the "German Legion" It was trans ferred, after the end of the 1814 campaign, to Prussian service. On March 4th 1815 the 1st Brigade (1st, 2nd & 3rd Bns) was organized into the Infantry Regiment No. 30 and the 2nd Brigade (4th, 5th, & 6th Bns) was organized into the Infantry Regiment No. 31. The RGL infantry was dressed in Russian uniforms and they retained these uniforms through the bulk of the war. It consist ed of a green jacket with red cuffs, cuffs and turnbacks. The collar of the first brigade was red and that of the 2nd was blue. Their breeches were either gray or white, depending on the sea son. Their leather work was black. 1 2
1. Venzky, G., pgs 84-68.
2. Venzky, G., pgs 174.
10 They wore the famous Russian "Kiwer" shako with cords of mixed black and white and a Prussian pompon. The Hussars wore a green pelisse an dolman, both decorated with yellow braid. The dolman had red facings. They wore the kiwer shako with white and black mixed cords. Their gray cavalry breeches had a red stripe down the outside seam.1 2 3Their artil lery was dressed like the infantry.
ELBE INFANTRY REGIMENT In February 1813 the King of Prussia spoke with his cabinet on the possibility of the raising of a battalion of foreigners. The actual authorization occurred with the issuance of the Order- in-Cabinet of 12 March 1813. The first soldiers were drawn together were organized into a "Freiwillige Jäger" detachment. On 21 March the Russian General, Count Wittgenstein, the Military Governor in Berlin, directed that all foreign deserters should be drawn together in the Artillery Barracks #4. A total of 62 9 men were drawn together and organized there as a second foreign volunteer unit. This force was placed under the command of Oberstleutnant von Reuss. Von Reuss' first command was quick ly organized into the "Russo-Westphalian Legion" on 30 March. This second force was then absorbed into what was known as the "Russo-German Legion," a force consisting of 7 battalions, two cavalry regiments and three artillery batteries. The Russian Czar acted as the regimental "inhaber" or patron. This force was equipped by the British and operated with the Prussians. On 7 April 1813 the Westphalian Legion had a total of twelve officers, twenty Unteroffiziere and 415 men. On 20 April the battalion of foreign volunteers had nineteen officers, thirty Unteroffiziere, nineteen musicians and 436 men. The Russo-Westphalian Legion had four officers, two Portepeefähn- reich, four Junkers, four Feldwebel, twenty-eight Unteroffiziere, thirteen drummers and 660 men. On 9 May Kapitain von Gotsch began forming the 2nd Foreign Volunteer Battalion. It was formed with the 200 excess men from the 1st Battalion of the Russo-Westphalian Legion and a further 200 men from the Hessian Guard and 90 from the Westphalian Che- vauleger-Garde-Regiment. This battalion was formally established by the King of Prussia on 28 May 1813. On 5 July 1813 the King of Prussia directed that both battalions be formed into a new regiment, the Elbe Infantry Regiment. The theoretical strength of each battalion was forty-one officers, sixty Unteroffiziere, twelve musicians, 728 men, four surgeons and a battalion drum maj or.4
1. Nash, pas 86-87.
2. Meyer, K., pas 1-3.
3. Meyer, K., pgs 4-5.
4. Meyer, K., pgs 13-14.
11 The fusiliers and the third rank of the musketeers were taught to fight as skirmishers. The third rank was-drawn out of the companies and formed into a separate Zug. The other two ranks of the musketeers were to remain in line and fight in the old traditional manner. The infantry's principal formation was the "Angriffskolonne" or attack column. The third battalion or fusilier battalion for the Elbe Infantry Regiment was organized by the Order-in-Cabinet of 21 July 1813. This battalion was raised from Pomeranian recruits.1 This was a decided contrast from the first two battalions. Those two battalions were trained soldiers of foreign origin. This new battalion was formed purely of new recruits. This third battalion wasn't mobilized until 6 October. The Order-in- Cabinet of 2 September 1813 raised an ersatz battalion as a 4th Battalion for the Elbe Infantry Regiment by absorbing prisoners of war taken at the Battle of Dennewitz. These men were mostly Saxons. The battalion had a total strength of nine Unteroffi ziere, six musicians and 336 soldiers. However, on 21 November the 4th Battalion was disbanded and its men distributed to the first three battalions. In 1815 the Elbe Infantry Regiment was redesignated as the 1st Magdeburg Infantry Regiment No. 26. The Elbe Infantry Regiment fought at Hagelberg (27 August 1813) and Dennewitz (6 September 1813).
Uniform of the Elbe Infantry Regiment
The Elbe Infantry Regiment began its service in the uniform of the British light infantry. However, it soon adopted the Prussian uniform. The coat had a red collar and turnbacks. The cuffs were light blue and piped with red. The cuffs also had a dark blue cuff patch. It is known that the 4th Battalion had a blue jacket with green facings. LÜTZOW FREIKORPS The Lützow Freikorps was raised by Major a. D. von Lützow, von Helden-Sarnowski and von Petersdorf, former officers of the von Schill Freikorps between 9 and 18 February 1813. On 9 February these three officers began calling for the formation to organize and on 18 February the King of Prussia issued a decree authoriz ing its raising. The strength of an infantry company was to consist of 15 Oberjäger, 3 buglers and 182 Jäger, giving each company a strength of 2 00 men. The cavalry squadron was to consist of 15 Oberjäger, 3 trumpeters and 132 mounted Jäger, 1 2 3
1. Meyer, K., pgs 45.
2. Meyer, K., pgs 45-47.
3. Nash, pg £6.
12 gi• vi• ng each company a strength of 150 men. T By 19 March three companies and one squadron had been organ ized. The fourth company was formed on 20 March. On 21 March the corps stood at four companies and two squadrons. Not count ing officers, its strength stood at 1,036 men. x On 23 March the King ordered the raising of a battery with two 3pdr cannons and one 7pdr howitzer. The four infantry companies were organized into a single battalion which also raised a Jäger detachment. This force became the 1st Battalion. A second Jäger detachment was subsequently raised and on 25 April it became the 2nd Battalion. This batta lion grew by dribs and drabs, including a company of Tyrolian Jäger raised by Lieutenant Riedl. On 1 April the infantry had a strength' of 900 men. This grew to 2,000 in June and to 2,600 by 7 August when three full battalions existed. On 7 August the 1st and ’3rd Battalions were formed with four musketeer companies and a Jäger detachment. The 2nd Battalion consisted of 3 musketeer companies and a Tyrolian Jäger company, and a Jäger detachment. The cavalry organized itself into one hussar squadron under Premierleutnant von Helden, one uhlan squadron under Premier leutnant von Kropf, and a Jäger detachment under Premierleutnant von Aschenbach. The hussar squadron became two squadrons before April and the cavalry was joined by 50 "cossacks." The strength of the cavalry on 1 April stood at 2 60 men. On 7 June it stood at 73 0, but during the summer it fell and by 7 August it stood at 480 men. Its strength would fluctuate, though continue to rise slowly until January 1814 when it reached its peak strength of 770 men. On 22 July, during the armistice, the cavalry stood at five squadrons. The 2nd Squadron was formed from the Jäger detachment, the 1st and 3rd Squadrons were Uhlans. The remaining two squadrons consisted of hussars.14 52 3 The artillery battery's strength varied wildly as equipment was captured or exchanged. Three iron 2.2 5pdr guns were used until 16 June. Shortly thereafter a half horse battery was organized. On 16 August it still had the three 2.25pdrs, but had acquired two 3pdr cannons, and a 7pdr howitzer. On 16 September this changed to three 6pdr cannons, 4 3pdr cannons, one iron 2.25pdr and a 7pdr howitzer. This force was reorganized into a half foot battery and a half horse company at this time. In February 1814, however, it was reequipped with nine horse guns. The Lützow Freikorps was engaged in only one major battle, that being the Battle of Göhrde (16 September 1813) .
1. Holleben, Gen. Maj. von, pg 168
2. Schüsler, pgs 6-8, and 54.
3. Schüsler, pgs 56, & 209-210.
4. Schüsler, pgs 6-8, 57, 209-210.
5. Schüsler, 209-210.
13 Uniforms of the Lützow Freikorps
The musketeers of the Lützow Freikorps wore black litewkas. The collar, Polish cuffs, and shoulder straps were piped with red. Their buttons were brass. Their black trousers had narrow red stripes down the outside seams. They generally wore black gaiters. They wore fusilier shakos with black cords and horse hair plume. The Tyrolian Jäger Company wore gray coats with green Polish cuffs, lapels, shoulder straps, collars, and turnbacks. Their breeches were gray with a wide green stripe down the outside seam. They wore a black felt hat with a turned up brim like those worn by the Austrian Jäger. They wore a green plume on the right side of the hat and the officers wore a green and white Fedderbusch. Their leather work was black and they carried a pair of pistols. The Uhlans wore the same black litewka as the musketeers, except they had red cloth and brass epaulets. They wore black shakos with white cords and knots. The Prussian cockade was worn on the front. When on parade, a black horse -hair plume was worn. Their belts were of black leather with brass metal mount ings. They also wore black leather gloves. Their saddle cloth or schabraque was black with red trim. Their lances had a black over red pennant. The Jäger zu Pferde Squadron wore the same uniform as the Uhlans. The Hussars wore a completely black uniform. The only color to it were its buttons, which were white tin. The officers wore a pulse with white cuffs and collar. They wore a black shako or a Schirmütze. Their belts and sabretache were black with brass fittings. The foot artillery wore the infantry uniform and the horse gunners wore the uhlan uniform. The Freiwilligejäger uniform was like that of the musketeers, except that they wore a floppy black field cap called a "barret".1
VON REUSS BATTALION On 6 April 1813 the King of Prussia ordered the raising of an infantry battalion formed from foreigners, i.e. not Prussians. It was to have the standard 805 man organization and to be com- nanded by Oberstleutnant von Reuss. It was formed mostly from ather German nationals. By the end of April it consisted of a single battalion and a Jäger detachment.2
ACER CORPS VON REICHE Kapitain a. D. von Reiche raised, as a result of the Cabinet )rder of 10 March, a battalion of foreign troops for service in .he Prussian army. Though theoretically set with the 805 man
Nash, pgs 83-84.
Kolleben, Gen. Maj . ven, pg 168.
14 organization, by the end of March it contained only 805 men. By the end of May it contained 19 officers and 960 men. When organized the battalion was dressed in English jackets and equipped with new Prussian muskets. Their shoulder straps were green.. The battalion was engaged in only one major battle, that being the Battle of Göhrde (16 September 1813).
HELLWIG FREIKORPS: Major von Hellwig of the 2nd Silesian Hussar Regiment was au thorized by the King of Prussia to organize a small force by the Cabinet Order of 29 April 1813. On 21 May this force consisted of 3 0 foot Jäger and was eventually to be merged with the Reiche Battalion to form the cadre of the 27th Infantry Regiment. The cavalry wore English hussar uniforms consisting of a red pelisse and dolman with blue facings. The lace was white and the fur trim was black. They wore brown bearskin colpacks with a death's head plaque, blue bag, white cords and white plume. Their cummerbund was yellow and red. Their belts and sabretache were black leather. They cavalry breeches were gray. They were armed with a lance that had a blue over red pennant and a sword with steel scabbard. Their schabraque was black lambskin trimmed with red. The Fussjägers wore the green English rifleman's coat with white buttons and black facings. Its cuffs and collar were piped with white. They wore the Prussian 1812 pattern shako with the Prussian pompon and silver hunting horn badge. Their leather work was all black.
VON SCHILL HUSSAR DETACHMENT
Major von Schill, also of the 2nd Silesian Hussar Regiment and brother of the Major von Schill who rose to fame because of his 1809 uprising in Stralsund, was given authorization to form a 100 man detachment and to take this force to Hamburg to support the Hanseatic uprising in the spring of 1813. On 5 May he was authorized to organize a force of infantry and cavalry. However, on 6 May in Boitzenburg, von Schill mustered a force of 5 offic ers and 224 hussars, no infantry.14 2 3 The uniform of the von Schill Freikorps is not know.
1. Holleben, Gen. Maj. von, pg 169.
2. Holleben, Gen. Maj. von, pg 169.
3. Nash, pg 85.
4. Holleben, Gen. Maj. von, pg 169.
15 OTHER SMALLER FORMATIONS The Forest Rangers and Jäger Corps under Forstmeister von Rochow was formed in Liegnitz and on 3 May it consisted of 3 officers and 209 Jäger. In April the King ordered the "Landwehr Schützen" organized formed from volunteers from the wilder re gions of his territories. They were posted around Glogau and paid 3 Reichsthaler for every Frenchman they shot off the walls at Glogau. The Revier Jäger Corps was raised before Stettin in early April and on 21 April consisted of 100 men. The Bergleute Corps of Waldenburg was formed by Bergrat von Milewski and on 10 April consisted of 1 officer and 198 men.1 On 8 February 1813, in Königsberg, General Yorck ordered the raising of the East Prussian National Cavalry Regiment. Shortly later the Pomeranians and Silesians followed suit and raised their own National cavalry regiments. On 27 March the King issued a Cabinet Order that approved the raising of these regi ments and established their strength at 3 squadrons and with from 400 to 500 men. NON-PRUSSIAN UNITS IN THE PRUSSIAN ARMY THÜRINGIAN INFANTRY BATTALION
In late 1812 the governments of the Saxon Duchies moved to reorganize their forces. Reserve companies were filled out with nen from the Königsberg depot. They were organized into an ad toe battalion. It became known as the "Thuringian Battalion." It was under the command of Major von Lineker consisted of a oontingent from Weimar that, initially, had 1 major, 1 Hauptman, 1 Premierleutnant, 3 Sekondleutnants and 370 non-commissioned officers and men. Much of this strength was formed by a draft of ’00 new recruits. Further forces from Gotha, Hildburghausen and teiningen joined this force and it was used to form garrisons for hihla, Schwarzhausen and Winterstein. On 11 April 1813 the Prussian Rittmeister Graf Pinto, of the .st Silesian Hussar Regiment, and a detachment of some 50 Frei willige Jäger and hussars, moved into the area surrounding these garrisons. It encountered the Thuringian Battalion in Schwarz- tausen and because of the very low morale the battalion began to all apart and defect. The complete defection occurred on 20 pril. In December it joined the newly raised 1. Herzoglich simarischen Linien Bataillon. It was to fight in Prussian ervice at the battle of Leipzig with great bravery.
Holleben, Gen. Maj. von, pg 170.
Holleben, Gen. Maj. von, pg 170.
16 MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ HUSSARS Mecklenburg-Strelitz had been among the last to join the Confederation of the Rhine and it was one of the first to abandon it. Because of family and ideological ties it quickly joined the Prussians in their campaign against the French. On 2 April 1813 the Duke called for the raising of a hussar regiment. All men between 17 and 30 were called upon to volunteer for service under the regimental commander, Oberstleutnant von Warburg. The regiment was to consist of: 23 Officers 60 Unteroffizier 13 Trumpeters 4 Surgeons 4 Fahnenschmiede (Blacksmiths) 1 Regimentchirurgus (Regimental surgeon) 1 Regimentssattler (Regimental saddlemaker) 1 Büchsenmacher (Gunsmith) 1 Büchenschafter (Gunstockmaker) 48 Karabiniers 480 Hussars 605 Total However, when it was raised, it consisted of:
1 Oberst (Colonel) 1 Major 3 Rittmeister (Cavalry captains) 3 Stabsrittmeister (Staff cavalry captains) 2 Premierleutnants 12 Secondleutnants 1 Rechnungsführer (Paymaster) 4 Chirurgen (Surgeons) 4 Fahnenschmied (Blacksmiths) 1 Schreiber (Scribe) 1 Sattler (Saddlemaker) Each of the four squadrons consisted of: 1 Wachtmeister 10 Unteroffizier 1 Quartiermeister 3 Trumpeters 100 Hussars 115 Total
In addition, the depot consisted of: 1 Wachtmeister 1 Quartiermeiter 2 Unteroffizier 50 Hussars 54 Total
17 The regiment was formed and departed to join the Prussians on 1 July 1813. On 16 October 1813, at the.battle of Möckern, part of the battles around Leipzig, the Mecklenburg Hussars engaged in their one notable action. The French 1st and 3rd Marine Regiments, threatened by an attack, fell back to a less exposed position and formed square. A squadron of the Mecklenburg Hussar Regiment struck a square of the 1st Marine Regiment while the remaining three squadrons passed to the left of the squadron. Oberst von Warburg swung the Mecklenburg Hussars and took the battalion in the rear, while the infantry of the 7th Brigade struck it frontally. The Mecklenburg Hussar Regiment took a flag, an eagle and captured 700 prisoners.r This was their last major battle, though they continued with the allies through the 1814 campaign and fought at Laon and in the battles around Paris. After the First Abdication the regiment returned to Neustre litz arriving there in March 1815. Once there it went to a peacetime strength. It appears that this consisted of releasing the 40 man Freiwillige Jäger (volunteer Jäger) and a number of hussars from service. When it returned it consisted of 43 Unter offizier, 9 trumpeters, and 346 hussars.. Shortly later it discharged 15 Unteroffizier, 2 trumpeters, and 189 hussars. This reduced the squadron strengths to 60 men. The regiment remained with this strength until Napoleon returned from St. Helena. In June 1815, as Europe rose against Napoleon, the regiment was reorganized and consisted of: 1 Generalmajor (von Warburg) 3 Majors 2 Rittmeister 3 Stabsrittmeister 2 Premierleutnants 9 Secondleutnants 1 Adjudant 1 Rechnungsführer 44 Unteroffiziere 5 Chirurgien 13 Trumpeters 4 Fahnenschmied 403 Hussars 1 Regimentskurschmied (Leather worker) 1 Sattler (Saddlemaker) 1 Büchsenmacher (Gunsmith) 34 Knecht (Servants) 526 Total
1. This is che notorious "Guard Marine" battalion whose eagle was captured. In fact, it was not an Imperial Guard unit, but a force of marine artillery converted into an infantry battalion, part of one of the 1st Marine Infantry Regiment, of Marmont1 s VI Corps.
18 This regiment served with the German contingents and did not participate in any combat in 1815. The regiment did not stand down after the 1815 campaign in any significant manner and on 14 March 1816 it consisted of: 23 Officers 44 Unteroffiziere 5 Chirurgien 13 Trumpeters 8 Regimental staff 400 Hussars 493 Total On 16 March 1816 the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz issued order to disband the entire regiment. The horses and equipment were sold and on 30 April the regiment totally ceased to exist. The hussars wore the traditional hussar uniform, black dolman and pelisse with yellow lace and buttons. They wore light blue Hungarian breeches with yellow lace. Their cummerbund was black and yellow. They wore a black shako similar to that of the infantry. It bore a brass "Wendish" cross surmounted by the national cockade. On parade a tall black plume was worn The Freiwillige Jäger wore the same shako, but it had a dark green plume and cords. They wore a dark green dolman and pelisse with black fur, dark green breeches with yellow Hungarian lace and Hungarian style boots with green tassels and banding on their tops. The hussars' horses were equipped with a black sheepskin schabraque trimmed with sky blue wolves teeth. The schabraque of the Freiwillige Jäger was black with green trim.
19 Chapter X The Landwehr 1813-1815 On 3 February 1813 the King of Prussia signed an edict that made all citizens of the Prussian provinces liable for the de fense of the fatherland.1 On 17 February the Prussian Assembly considered another ordinance presented entitled the "Ordnance on the Landwehr and Landsturm" and passed it into law. It established that the Landwehr should consist of all citizens 17 to 40 years of age, and capable of bearing arms, with a few exceptions. It was to be formed from volunteers, but supported by a draft if necessary. Uniforms were minimal, and thought the militiamen received his arms from the state, his equipment came from his community. Initially the Landwehr consisted solely of infantry organ ized into provincial brigades. Each brigade was to have four battalions. The Prussian countryside was divided into districts which were to raise Landwehr brigades. In each of these districts the nobles, bourgeois and property owning peasants organized a sub committee, which received funding from the General Committee for the purpose of supporting the newly forming Landwehr. Each sub committee named the officers of the brigade for its district, subject to ratification by the General Committee. The General Committee nominated the brigade commanders, subject to approval by the king or his representative. The only modification to the ordinance was the direction that a volunteer cavalry regiment also be raised in each province, at the expense of that province. On 15 March Scharnhorst submitted to the King of Prussia his proposal for the total mobilization of the Prussian state, by means of the organization of the "Landwehr" . This program expand ed the earlier ordinance passed by the Prussian assembly. The king approved Scharnhorst's program on 17 March, but because of the lack of arms, supplies and the requirement for training, no large formed bodies of Landwehr took to the field until after the Armistice of 4 June 1813. Landwehr was to consist of 32 battalions of 825 men each, and 100 squadrons of at least 100 men each. This was to be a reserve of 120,000 men, but they lacked muskets. These were to be found abroad, mostly in England. Until muskets were available, the King of Prussia ordered the manufacture of pikes, so that they had some armament. The Landwehr was initially organized into brigades that were redesignated as regiments on 27 June 1813. By the end of July, the Landwehr was sufficiently trained to begin field operations, but it was miserably equipped and often almost unarmed. The great Frederick II would have scorned their unmilitary ap pearance, but they provided 37 regiments with 149 battalions (101,320 men) and 30 cavalry regiments with 116 squadrons
1. d'Ussel, V.J., pg 252.
20 (10,500 men) for the Prussian army.1 The Landwehr was absorbed into the Prussian army in much the same manner as the French absorbed their national guard batta lions into the line army during the French Revolution. However, instead of blending Landwehr and line battalions to organize new regiments, the blending was done on a brigade level. Each infantry brigade was organized with a line regiment, a reserve regiment, and one or two Landwehr regiments, except for the forces assigned to the IV Corps, which were nearly entirely Landwehr. The Landwehr was demobilized in May-June 1814 after Napoleon abdicated. They were mobilized again in early 1815, fighting through the Waterloo campaign and once again demobilizing.
POMMERANIAN LANDWEHR In preparation for the establishment of the Landwehr, on 15 March 1813 Prussia was divided into four military governments. Generalleutnant Graf Tauentzien was assigned to serve as Military Governor and State Minister for the region between the Oder and the Vistula. Grand Chancellor Beyme served in the same area as the Civil Governor. These two men were charged with the enacting of this royal order and established the men to be drawn from Pomerania as follows: Kreis Infantry Cavalrv Anklam 960 men 120 men Demmin 658 72 Randow 1 , 740 150 Ufedom-Wollin 510 40 Flemming 440 40 Greiffenhagen 500 52 Pyritz 900 120 Saagiz 1 , 100 144 Daber-Naugard 350 40 Borck 320 40 Osten 120 17 Greiffenberg 800 96 Fürstenthum 1 , 200 158 Belgard 500 40 Neustettin 780 72 Rummelsburg 370 30 Schlawe 1 , 000 120 Stolpe 950 100 Lauenburg-Bütow 700 60 Total 13 , 898 1,511
1. Friederich, pg 43. Maude, Col. F.N., pgs 151-2.
21 The total required was 15,409 men to be drawn from the eligible population of 72,000. The percentage to be drawn was 22% of the eligible men or 3% of the total population. 1 When the men were actually drawn forward and distributed, the allocation by various Kreis to form the Pomeranian Landwehr Division was as follows:
Battalion Formation Number Number of Cos to Battalion Battalion 2 of men Companies Battalion Number Strenqth Bricrade Greiffenhagen 500 3 Of 166 b 1 Pyritz 948 5 of 190 690 1st 4 2 760 1st Saazig 1,140 6 of 190 4 3 760 1st h 4 780 1st Daber 400 2 of 200
Flemming 520 3 of 173 1 640 2nd Osten 120 1 of 120 Greiffenberg 640 4 of 160 4 2 640 2nd Borcke 360 2 of 180 2 ) 3 748 2nd Fürscenthum 1,160 6 of 194 4 4 776 2nd
Belgard 530 3 of 176 3 1 530 3rd Schlawe 890 5 of 178 4 2 712 3rd
2 ) 3 758 3rd Rummelsburg 380 2 of 190 Stolpe 1,000 5 of 200 4 ) 4 • 800 3rd
Lauenburg-Bütow 730 4 Of 182 4 1 730 none Neustettin 750 4 of 187 4 1 750 none Usefdom-Wollin 460 3 Of 153 3 , 1} 1 584 none Randow 124 1 Of 124 Greiffenhaaen 30 30, 43} 1st 73 1st Pyritz 101 58, 15) 2nd 73 1st Saazig 120 73 32 3rd 73 1st 4 th 72 1st Daber 40 40' Flemming 50 50 1st 90 2nd Osten 40 40' Greiffenberg 110 90 2nd 90 2nd 2 0n Borcke 10 10h 3rd 90 2nd
1. geschickte der Organisation der Landwehr in Pommern und Westoreussen irr. Jahre 1813. pg 9.
2. Geschichte der Croanisation cer Lancwghr in Pommern und Westsrejsss" i~. Jahre 1813. insert between pages 48 & 49.
22 Battalion Formation Number Number of Cos to Battalion Battalion of men Companies Battalion Number Strenqth Briqade Fürstenthum 150 60-1 90 4 th 90 2nd Belgard 60 60, 23} 1st 83 3rd Schlawe 140 83 2nd 83 3rd 34-, Rummelsburg 30 •301- 3rd 82 3rd Stolpe 100 18-> 82 4th 82 3rd Lauenburg-Bütow 70 70 indépendant 70 none Neustettin 90 90 indépendant 70 none Usefdom-Wollin 60 60, 8> Randow 8 indépendant 68 none On 22 May 1813 the newly raised drafts were organized into brigades. The company and squadron officers were assigned and the brigades were organized as follows:1
1st Brigade: Major von Brandenstein 1st Battalion - Hauptmann von Nettelhorst 2nd Battalion - Major von Brausen 3rd Battalion - Hauptmann von Krüger 4th Battalion - Hauptmann von Schmidt 1st Cavalry Regiment - Major von Schwarzenau 2nd Brigade: Oberstlt. von Sydow (later Major von Pawelz) 1st Battalion - Major von Mogylowski 2nd Battalion - Hauptmann von Stojenthin 3rd Battalion - Major von von Blankenburg 4th Battalion - Major von Leszinski 2nd Cavalry Regiment - Major von Heugel 3rd Brigade: Oberstlt. von Kämeeke 1st Battalion - Hauptmann von Zollin 2nd Battalion - Major von von Borck 3rd Battalion - Major von Bergh 4th Battalion - Major von Courbière 3rd Cavalry Regiment - Major von Hiller Ufedom-Wollin-Randow Battalion: Rittmeister von Katte Ufedom-Wollin-Randow Squadron: Rittmeister Wegener Lauenburg-Bütow Battalion: Hauptman von Poblotzky Lauenburg-Bütow Squadron: Rittmeister von Diezelsky Neustettin Battalion.- Major Staël von Holstein Neustettin Squadron: Rittmeister Oestreich The brigadiers of the 1st and 2nd Brigade were allocated by the Cabinet Order of 1 June 1813. Major von Brandenstein, com mander of the Kauf berg Regiment, was given command of the 1st
1 • Geschichte csr Organisation der Landwehr in Pommern und Westnreussen im Jahre 1813. pgs 50-51.
23 Brigade and Oberst-Lieutenant von Sydow assumed command of the 2nd Brigade. The 3rd Brigade had been assigned to Oberst-Lieu tenant von Willisen earlier on 18 May. The divisional commander, Generalmajor von Hinrichs, was designated on 5 May 1813. 'v. As was to be expected, there was a substantial shortage of weapons and uniforms. The infantry had only about 60% of the muskets that were needed.1 On 10 July Lauenburg-Bütow Battalion and Squadron and the Ufedom-Wollin-Randow Battalion and Squadron were transferred to the West Prussian Landwehr establishment, the Neustettin Batta lion and Squadron were transferred to the Neumark Landwehr estab lishment. Between 18 and 23 June, what remained with the brigades had the following strengths:2
1st Brigade 2,988 men in 4 battalions, 291 men in 4 squadrons 2nd Brigade 2,800 men in 4 battalions, 360 men in 4 squadrons 3rd Brigade 2,800 men in 4 battalions, 330 men in 4 squadrons On 7 August the von Leszinsky Battalion Wast ransferred to the 3rd Brigade and the von Bergh Battalion was transferred to the 2nd Brigade to replace it. The Pomeranian Landwehr was committed to the siege of Stettin, but proved poorly suited for that or any other duties because of a lack of officers. In August 1813 the Pomeranian Landwehr regiments were distributed as follows:3
1st Pomeranian Landwehr Regiment - Major von Brandenstein 1st Battalion - Kapitain von Nettelhorst 2nd Battalion - Kapitain von Krueger 3rd Battalion - Major von Brausen 4th Battalion - Kapitain von Schmidt 2nd Pomeranian Landwehr Regiment - Major von Pawlez 1st Battalion - Major von Mogylowski 2nd Battalion - Kapitain von Tojenthin 3rd Battalion - Major von Katte 4th Battalion - Major von Blankeburg 3rd Pomeranian Landwehr Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Kamecke 1st Battalion - Major von Leszinsky 2nd Battalion - Major von Borck 3rd Battalion - Kapitain von Zollin 4th Battalion - Major von Courbière 1st Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Schwarzenau 1st Squadron - Major von Schmude 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Zierold 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister Stark 4th Squadron - Rittmeister von Wedel
1. Geschichte der Organisation der Landwehr in Pommern und Westoreussen i~ Jahre 1613. pgs 58.
2. Lange, G.E., pg 125.
3. Hofschröer, pg 2S.
24 2nd Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Heugel 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Sommitz . 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister vom Kamecke 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Poblotzski 4th .Squadron - Rittmeister von Glassenapp 3rd Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Hiller (later von Barnekow) 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Kamecke 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Treskow 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Hanstein 4th Squadron - Rittmeister von Puttkamer On 19 November 1813 the regiments were ordered to send their fourth battalions back to the depots,but apparently this did not happen until sometime in the spring of 1814. In 1815 the Land wehr was once again mobilized to face Napoleon. Pomerania mo bilized three Landwehr infantry and three Landwehr cavalry regi ments. Those units were as follows:1
1st Pomeranian Landwehr Regiment - Major von Brandenstein 1st Battalion - Oberstleutnant von Karger 2nd Battalion - Major von Toll 3rd Battalion - Major von Kreuger 4th Battalion - Major von Leszinsky 2nd Pomeranian Landwehr Regiment - Major von Pawlez * 1st Battalion - Major von Katte 2nd Battalion - Major von Steinwehr 3rd Battalion - Major von Stojentin 4th Battalion - Major von Mogilowski 3rd Pomeranian Landwehr Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Kamecke 1st Battalion - Major von Reichenbach 2nd Battalion - Major von Zollin 3rd Battalion - Major von Zeromsky 4th Battalion - Major von Borcke 1st Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Blankenburg 1st Squadron - Major von Schmude 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von zierold 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Wedel 2nd Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Kamecke 1st Squadron - Premierleutnant von Petersdorf 2nd Squadron - Premierleutnant von Vritzke 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Sommitz 3rd Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Horn 3 squadrons, commanders unknown
1. Hofschrôer, pgs 30-31.
25 EAST PRUSSIAN LANDWEHR
On 5 February 1813 the East Prussian "Landtag" passed a resolution calling for the formation of the Landwehr. On 21 February.1813 it was formally established. The region covered by this resolution included Lithuania and that portion of West Prussia on the right bank of the Vistula River. By April 1813 the following formations were established: 1st Division: Inspekteur Major Graf Dohna 1st Brigade: Graf Eilenburg 13th Landwehr Battalion - von Meyer 15th Landwehr Battalion - von Spiess 16th Landwehr Battalion - von Brockhausen 7th Landwehr Battalion - von Aschenbach Cavalry : Regiment - Major von Kurowsky 1st Squadron - von Bülow 2nd Squadron - von Kotzen 3rd Squadron - von Heyking 2nd Brigade: Major Hindenburg von Benekendorf 17th Landwehr Battalion - Oelrichs 18th Landwehr Battalion - Graf zu Dohna-Reichertswalde 19th Landwehr Battalion - von Bequignolles 9th Landwehr Battalion - von Hülsen 10th Landwehr Battalion - von Bolschwing Cavalry : Regiment - Major von Brünneck 1st Squadron - Graf Hülsen 2nd Squadron - von Schimmelpfennig 3rd Squadron - Schach von Wittenau Artillery : 23rd Landwehr Battery - Kapitain Sommer Apparently on 1 June the 1st Division was operational. Two further Landwehr 6pdr batteries were formed, which were later given the numbers 22 and 23 as a result of the Order-in-Cabinet of 29 April 1813. Each of these batteries was to contain six 6pdr guns and two 7pdr howitzers, 5 officers, 13 Unteroffizieren (NCOs) , 20 Bombardiere (bombardiers) , 2 musicians, 104 gunners, 1 surgeon, and 1 black smith. On 10 June the 6pdr Foot Battery "Sommer*' was operational and by 20 June it was in the lager at Danzig.1 Between 22 and 24 June the 2nd Division was made operational and dispatched to the Oder so as to be ready for operations that would resume in late August. The 2nd Division was organized as follows :12
1. von Gerwien, pg 42.
2. von Gerwien, pg 47. Lange, G.E., pgs 10S-10S.
26 2nd Division: von Bardeleben 1st Brigade: Major von Wolky 1st Battalion - von Holly 2nd Battalion - von Kykebusch \ 3rd Battalion - Leon 4th Battalion - von Lom 1st Cavalry Detachment - Major von Schön 1st Squadron John 2nd Squadron - Engelhardt 3rd Squadron - Sanden 2nd Brigade: Major Salzwedel von Weinskowsky 5th Battalion - von Kannewurf 6 th Battalion - von Herrmann 8th Battalion - von Straus 2nd Cavalry Detachment - Rittmeister von Cieselsky 1st Squadron - von Bieberstein 2nd Squadron - von Drygalsky 3rd Squadron - Gregorovius 4th Squadron - von Rostken 3rd Brigade: Graf von Klinkowström llth Battalion - von Gurgsdorf Jäger Company - von Esebeck 12th Battalion - Friccius 20th Battalion - Graf von Finkenstein 3rd Cavalry Detachment - von Buddenbrook 1st Squadron - von Sydow 2nd Squadron - von Auer 3rd Squadron - von Sacken Artillery : 6pdr Landwehr Battery No. 23 - Kapitain-von Matthiesen
When the division marched out it was short of equipment. One of the cavalry detachments alone lacked 33 Litewkas, 37 hats, 74 pairs of boots, 183 saber belts, 29 riding breeches, 122 shirts, 15 saddles, 34 saddle blankets, 107 pistols, 85 sabers, and 14 lances. The level of operationality is questionable.- Apparently the first rank of every company was equipped with pikes and only the 2nd and 3rd ranks had muskets. The muskets were as required by regulation. The pikes were "8 feet" long.1 The NCOs carried both muskets and "sidearms", probably pistols. The weapons of the cavalry consisted of a lance, a saber, and a pistol. The infantry battalions of both the 1st and 2nd Divisions were armed such that in each battalion 60 men had a carbine without bayonet, 486 men in the 2nd and 3rd ranks with muskets
1. The length of "8 feet" cannot be read as 8 English feet in length. These are German feet and which "fuss" is being cited cannot be determined. It is, however, reasonable to assume that these pikes were something close to 3 meters in length.
2. Lange, G.E., pg 120.
27 and bayonets, and 242 men in the first rank with pikes.1 The 1st Brigade, 1st Division, under Major Graf Dohna, was detached to the blockade of Danzig. This brigade consisted of: 1st Brigade: Graf zu Eulenburg 13th Battalion - von Meyer 15th Battalion - von Spiess 16th Battalion - von Brockhausen 7th Battalion - von Afschenbach Cavalry Detachment (3 sqns) - Major von Kurowsky 2nd Brigade: Major Hindenburg von Benckendorf 17th Battalion - von Oelrichs 18th Battalion - von Graf zu Dohna-Reicherswalde 19th Battalion - von von Bequignolles 9th Battalion - von Hülsen 10th Battalion - von Bolschwing Cavalry Detachment (3 sqns) - von Brünneck Artillery : Landwehr Artillery Battery No. 23 - Kapitain von Sommer The 7th Battalion, Major von Aschenbach, raised on 3 Febru ary 1813, a Jäger detachment of 1 NCO and 14 Jägers. The 12th Battalion, under Major von Friccius, of the 2nd Division, and the 3rd Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment also raised Jäger detach ments. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd Elbe and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Westphalian Landwehr Regiments also raised Jäger detachments. The 2nd Division, under von Bardeleben, was sent over the Oder on 1 July and on 17 August moved from Heilsberg to Graudenz . It consisted of: 1st Brigade: Major von Wolky 1st Battalion - von Holly 2nd Battalion - von Kykebusch 3rd Battalion - Leo 4th Battalion - von Lomm 1st Cavarly Detachment (3 sqns) - Major von Schön 2nd Brigade: Major Salzwedel von Wienskowsky 5th Battalion - von Kannwurf 6th Battalion - von Herrmann 8th Battalion - von Strauss 2nd Cavarly Detachment (3 sqns) - Rittmeister von Ciecielski 3rd Brigade: Graf von Klinkowström 11th Battalion - von Burgsdorf 12th Battalion - von Friccius Artillery : Landwehr Foot Battery No. 22 - Kapitain von Matthiessen 1 2
1. von Gerwien, eg 48.
2. Lange, G.E., eg lii.
28 By August 10th this formation engaged in the blockade of Küstrin and had been revised slightly and was organized as follows:1
1st East Prussian Landwehr Regiment - Major von Wolky . 1st Battalion - von Holly 2nd Battalion - von Kykebusch 3rd Battalion - Leo 1st East Prussian Landwehr Regiment Major Salzwedel von Wienskowsky 4th Battalion - von Lomm 5th Battalion - von Kannwurf 6th Battalion - von Herrmann
The 12th Battalion had a Jäger detachment, which was' commanded by von Esebeck. In July 1813 it contained 2 officers, 12 Ober jäger, 4 musicians, and 120 Jägers. By 20 August the battalions were organized into regiments as follows:
Battalion Number New Regiment 1st 1/lst East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 2nd 2/lst East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 3rd 3/lst East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 4 th 4/lst East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 5 th l/2nd East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 6 th 2/2nd East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 7th 3/2nd East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 8th 4/2nd East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 9th l/3rd East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 10th 2/3rd East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 11th 3/3rd East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 12th 4/3rd East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 13th 1/4th East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 14th 2/4th East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 15th 3/4th East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 16th 4/4th East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 17th l/5th East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 18th 2/5th East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 19th 3/5th East Prussian Landwehr Regiment 20th 4/5th East Prussian Landwehr Regiment
On 19 November 1813 the East Prussian Landwehr establishment was completely reorganized and the regiments and their, assigned battalions was follows:31 2
1. Lange, G.E., pg 171.
2. Lange, G.E., pgs 112-113.
3. Lange, G.E., pgs 116-117.
29 1st East Prussian Regiment 1st East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 2nd East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 3rd East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 4th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 2nd East Prussian Regiment 5th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 6th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 7th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 8th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 3rd East Prussian Regiment 9th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 10th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 11th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 12th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 4th East Prussian Regiment 13th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 14th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 15th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 16th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 5th East Prussian Regiment 17th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 18th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 19th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 20th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion The allocation of the battalions to the various regiments seems to have been changed again and on 24 February 1814 von Gerwien states that the Landwehr infantry regiments were distributed as follows :1
1st East Prussian Regiment 1st East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 2nd East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 3rd East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 4th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 2nd East Prussian Regiment 5th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 6th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 3rd East Prussian Regiment 8th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 11th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 12th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 20th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 4th East Prussian Regiment 7th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 13th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 14th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 15th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 16th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion
1. von Gerwien, pg 220.
30 5th East Prussian Regiment 9th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 10th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 17th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 18th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion, 19th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion Unfortunately, Lange provides a different organization, stating that they were organized as follows:1
1st East Prussian Regiment 1st East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 2nd East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 3rd East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 13th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 2nd East Prussian Regiment 4th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 5th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 6th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 7th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 3rd East Prussian Regiment 8th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 11th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 12th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 20th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 4th East Prussian Regiment 14th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 15th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 16th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 17th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 5th East Prussian Regiment 9th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 10th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 18th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion 19th East Prussian Landwehr Battalion The five Landwehr cavalry regiments were renamed as well. As they are ill identified initially, their initial designations are by the division and brigade to which they were assigned.
Original Designation New Name______1st Division 1st 3rigade Regiment -4th East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment 2nd 3rigade Regiment - 5th East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment 2nd Division 1st Cavalry Detachment - 1st East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment 2nd Cavalry Detachment - 2nd East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment 3rd Cavalry Detachment - 3rd East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment
The order of 24 March 1815 the East Prussian Landwehr was ordered to organize into regiments with three field battalions and a
1. Lange, G.E., pg 117-118.
31 reserve battalion where the unusable men were collected. All of these units were mobilized for the Waterloo campaign and in June 1815 they were organized as follows:1
1st East Prussian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Wolky 1st Battalion - Major von Hotley 2nd Battalion - Major von Kyckbusch 3rd Battalion - Kapitain von Bruegeney Res Battalion - Major von Rauter 2nd East Prussian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Herrmann 1st Battalion - Major von Lorn 2nd Battalion - Major von Graevenitz 3rd Battalion - Kapitain von Stuckradt Res Battalion - Major von Swietlicki 3rd East Prussian Landwehr Infantry Regiment Major von Klinckowström 1st Battalion - Major von Huelsen 2nd Battalion - Major von Graevenitz 3rd Battalion - Kapitain von von Trenck Res Battalion - Major von Bergsdorf 4th East Prussian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Brockhausen 1st Battalion - Kapitain von Mayer 2nd Battalion - Major von Spiess 3rd Battalion - Major von Niesewand Res Battalion - Major von Oelrichs 5th East Prussian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Bequignolles 1st Battalion - Kapitain von von Reuss 2nd Battalion - Major Graf zu Dohna 3rd Battalion - Major Graf von Finckenstein Res Battalion - Kapitain von Stemple 1st East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Schön 1st Squadron - Rittmeister John 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Engelhardt 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Sanden 2nd East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Ciesielski 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Bieberstein 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Drygalski 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister Gregorovius 4th Squadron - Rittmeister Froideville 3rd East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Köckritz 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Sydow 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Auer 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Sacken 4th East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Kurowski 1st Squadron - unknown 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Heyking I 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Heyking II
I. Hofschrôer, pg il.
32 5th East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Brünneck 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Woebeser 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Schimmelpfennig 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister Sach von Wittenau . Initially, each battalion was to have 23 officers, 60 NCOs, 4 surgeons, 13 musicians, and 728 soldiers. However, this appar ently changed at a later date.1 There were two theoretical peace time organizations four company organization of a Landwehr batta lion. The first was:2
1 Commander as Staff Officer 52 Unteroffiziere (NCOs) 4 Captains (Company Commanders) 8 Musicians 1 ad j udant 4 Company Surgeons 4 Premierleutnants 624 Soldiers 1 Officer as paymaster 1 Battalion Surgeon 8 Sekondeleutnants 1 Gunsmith 4 Feldwebels (Sergeant Majors) 1 Battalion Drum Major 714 men total The second four company organization was:3
1 Commander as Staff Officer 4 Captains (Company Commanders) 1 Adjudant 4 Premierleutnants 1 Officer as paymaster 12 Sekondeleutnants 4 Feldwebels (Sergeant Majors) 56 Unteroffiziere (NCOs) 12 Musicians (includes 4 buglers) 4 Company Surgeons 816 Soldiers 1 Battalion Surgeon 1 Gunsmith __ 1 Battalion Drum Major 918 men total In wartime this organization was changed slightly and the paymaster became a supernumerary Sekondeleutnant. Initially, these cavalry detachments were to have 18 offic ers, 3 6 NCOs, 3 surgeons, 7 trumpeters, 271 troopers, 3 black smith and 317 horses.4 As with this infantry, apparently this changed at a later date. Von Gerwin provides two peacetime
1. Lange, G.E. , pg 110
2. von Gerwien, pg S6.
3. von Gerwien, pg S9.
4. Lange, G.S., pg 110
33 organizations for the Landwehr cavalry. The four squadron regi ment was organized with:1
1 Commander 4 Rittmeister (Cavalry Captains) 1 Adjudant 4 Premierleutnants 4 Sekondeleutnants 4 Wachtmeister (Cavalry Sergeant Majors) 36 Unterofficiere (NCOs) 1 Trumpet Major 8 Trumpeters 288 Troopers 2 Surgeons 4 Blacksmiths 1 Senior Surgeon 1 Saddlemaker __ 1 Gunsmith 360 men total In wartime the senior surgeon was reassigned to the officer staff. The three company organization was:12
1 Commander 3 Rittmeister (Cavalry Captains) 1 Adjudant 3 Premierleutnants 1 Adjudant 1 Paymaster 9 Sekondeleutnants 3 Wachtmeister (Cavalry Sergeant Majors) 33 Unterofficiere (NCOs) 1 Trumpet Major 6 Trumpeters 2 Surgeons 3 Blacksmiths 261 Troopers 1 Staff Surgeon 1 Saddlemaker __ 1 Gunsmith 331 men total In wartime the officer staff was revised to 1 commander, 3 Rit tmeisters, 3 premierleutnants, 11 sekondeleutnants, and 1 staff surgeon.
1. von Gerwien, pgs 97-99.
2. von Gerwien, pgs 101-102.
34 FEST PRUSSIAN LANDWEHR The West Prussian Landwehr Division began forming with the .ssuance of a royal order dated 19 May 1813. The total of the Fest Prussian Landwehr raised consisted of 6,050 infantry and 570 :avalry. On 10 July 1813 were joined by the Pomeranian Landwehr :rom the Lauenburg-Bütow, which consisted of 730 infantry and 70 :avalry and the Ufedom-Wollin-Randow Battalion and Squadron, zhose strength at that time is unknown. The total force allocat ed to the formation of the division was 6,780 infantry and 640 :avalry. They were allocated as follow:1
Number of Company Total iriqade Battalion Companies Kreis Strenqth Strenqth .st 1st 4 Deutsch-Crone 174 696 2nd 1 Deutsch-Crone 174 754 3 Cammin 174 754 3rd 3 Conitz 189 567 4 th 3 Conitz 189 567 >nd 1st 3 Conitz 189 567 2nd 4 Stargard 200 800 3rd 4 Stargard 200 800 Srd 1st 4 Dirschau 163 652 2nd 4 Dirschau 162 648 3rd 4 Lanenburg-Bütow 182 730 According to Plotho West Prussia formed three brigades, later Infantry regiments, and three cavalry regiments. The commanding officers, when assigned on 14 June 1813, were as follows: Lst Brigade: Oberst von Jeanneret 1st Battalion - Major von Benningsen 2nd Battalion - Hauptmann von Taubert 3rd Battalion - Hauptmann von Czarnecki 4th Battalion - von Lewinsky 1st Cavalry Regiment (3 sqns) Rittmeister von Hymmen 2nd Brigade: Major von Wolffradt 1st Battalion - Hauptmann von Besser 2nd Battalion - Major von Douglas 3rd Battalion - Major von Schmude 2nd Cavalry Regiment (3 sqns): Rittmeister von Sulicki 3rd Brigade: Hauptman Baron von Sacken 1st Battalion - Major Zelewsky 2nd Battalion - Major von Kospoth 3rd Battalion - Hauptmanvon Poboltzky 3rd Cavalry Regiment (2 sqns) : Rit.tmeister von Diezelsky
1. Geschichte der Organisation der Landwehr in Pommern und Hestpreusssn ini Jahre 1613, pgs 149-151.
2. Geschichte aer Organisation der Landwehr in Pommern une WestDreussen im Jahre 1313. pg 155.
35 The West Prussian brigade had the same problems with uniforms and equipment, but the number of muskets was severely reduced. On 10 July the 3rd brigade had a mixture of French and English muskets. They were distributed as follows: 1st Battalion - 176 muskets (French) 2nd Battalion - 175 muskets (French) 3rd Battalion - 437 muskets (English) Between 18 and 23 July T813 the strength of the brigades was as follows: 1st Brigade: 4 Battalions 2,583 men 3 Squadrons 220 men 2nd Brigade: 4 Battalions 2,167 men 3 Squadrons 240 men 3rd Brigade: 4 Battalions 2,030 men 2 Squadrons 180 men As of 10 August 1813 the brigades were organized as follows:1
Commander: Generalmajor von Wobeser 1st Brigade: Major von Benningsen 1st Battalion - Major von Zamori 2nd Battalion - Major von Lewinsky 3rd Battalion - Major von Czrentzky 4th Battalion - Kapitain von Krause 1st Cavalry Regiment (3 sqns) Rittmeister von Hymmen 2nd Brigade: Major Baron von Osten 1st Battalion - Major von Kospoth 2nd Battalion - Major von Bergh 3rd Battalion - Major von Jelewsky 4th Battalion - Major von Koschenbahr 2nd Cavalry Regiment (3 sqns): Rittmeister von Sulicki 3rd Brigade: Major von Wolfrandt 1st Battalion - unknown 2nd Battalion - unknown 3rd Battalion - unknown 4th Battalion - unknown 3rd Cavalry Regiment (2 sqns): Major von Speer In 1814 the 2nd Brigade became the 3rd West Prussian Land wehr Regiment, the 3rd Brigade became the 2nd West Prussian Landwehr Regiment, and the 1st Brigade became the 1st West Prussian Landwehr Regiment. In 1815 the West Prussian Landwehr was mobilized once again. A total of 6,181 infantry and 825 cavalry were deployed. The units raised were as follows:2
1. Lange. G.2., pg 122.
2. Kofschröer, pg 13.
36 1st West Prussian Landwehr Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Bennigsen 1st Battalion - Major Krause 2nd Battalion - Major von Lewinsky 3rd Battalion - Major von Czarnecki Reserve 3attalion - Major von Zamory 2nd West Prussian Landwehr Regiment - Major Baron Osten-Sacken 1st Battalion - Major von Kosspoth .2nd Battalion - Major von Bergh 3rd Battalion - Major von Koschembahr Reserve Battalion - unknown 1st West Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major Hymmen 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von der Glotz 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Massow 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister Lehmann 2nd West Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Sulicki 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Schulz 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Mosch 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Trost 3rd West Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Speer 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Diezelsky 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Wobeser
Because of casualties in combat, in January 1814 the 2nd West Prussian Landwehr Infantry Regiment was disbanded and the 3rd was renumbered as the 2nd.1
KURMARK LANDWEHR Organization began in May 1813 to implement orders issued by President von Bassewitz on 20 March. The following formation was organized in May:2
1st Division: Generalmajor Puttlitz 1st Brigade: Oberst von Borstell 1st Battalion - Hauptmann von Closter 2nd Battalion - Hauptmann von Dullack 3rd Battalion - not formed 4th Battalion - not formed Cavalry Detachment 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Schwerin 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Wegener 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Ramin 4th Squadron - forming 2nd Brigade: Oberstleutnant von von willisen 1st Battalion Major von Schuckmann 2nd Battalion - Major von Stengel 3rd 3attalion - Oberstleutnant von Lorch 4th Battalion - Major von Klöden
Lange, G.E., pg 202.
Lange, G.E., pg 129.
37 Cavalry Detachment 1st Squadron - Major von Wedell 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Stûpnagel 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von winnig 4th Squadron - Rittmeister von Wolf 3rd Brigade: Major von der Marwitz 1st Battalion - Major von Zschüschen 2nd Battalion - Major von Hallman 3rd Battalion - Hauptmann von Lavière 4th Battalion - Major von Bornstädt Cavalry Detachment 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Teschen 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister Graf Finckenstein 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Redern 4th Squadron - Rittmeister von Klitzing 4th 3ricade: Oberst von Boguslawsky 1st Battalion - Major von Grolmann 2nd Battalion - Major von Liewen 3rd Battalion - Major von Schwerin 4th Battalion - Major von Borstell Cavalry Detachment 1st Squadron - Major von Schmeling 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Altrock 3rd Squadron - Major von der Osten 4th Squadron - Rittmeister Eichhorn 5th Squadron - Rittmeister Alberthal 6th Squadron - Vacant 2nd Division: Generalmajor Hirschfeldt 5th 3ricade: Major von Bredow 1st 3attalion - Major von Treskow 2nd Battalion - Major von Kaminsky 3rd Battalion - Major von Mey 4th Battalion - Major von Mellersky Cavalry Detachment 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Uckermann 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Bredow 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Srxleben 4th Squadron - Rittmeister von Hünicke 6th Bricade: Major von Rohr 1st 3attalion - Major von Kleist 2nd Battalion - Major von Streit 3rd Battalion - Major von Delitz 4th Battalion - Major von Woisky Cavalry Detachment 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Jagow 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Kröcher 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Kriegsheim 4th Squadron - Rittmeister von Kaphengst 7th 3rioade: Oberst von Bismark 1st Battalion - Oberstleutnant von Czorowsky 2nd 3attalion - Hauptmann von Held 3rd 3attalion - Major von Diezelsky 4th Battalion - Hauptmann von Lütke Cavalry Detachment 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Treskow
38 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Pieper 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Rittberg On 10 August 1813 the Kurmark Landwehr was reorganized into regiments as follows:1
1st Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Kleist 1st Battalion - Major von Klöden 2nd Battalion - Major von Kloster 3rd Battalion - Major von Dullack 4th Battalion - Major von Lengefeld 2nd Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Willissen (upon his death, von Sydow) 1st Battalion - Capitain von Lange 2nd Battalion - Major von Stengel 3rd Battalion - Major von Schuckmann 4th Battalion - Oberstleutnant von Lorch 3rd Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Marwitz 1st Battalion - Major von Zùchen 2nd Battalion - Major von Bornstädt 3rd Battalion - Hauptmann von Lavière 4th Battalion - Major von Schönholz 4th Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberst von Boguslawsky 1st Battalion - Major von Grollmann 2nd Battalion - Major von Lieven 3rd Battalion - Major von Schwerin 4th Battalion - Major von Börstel 5th Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Bredow 1st Battalion - Major von Treskow 2nd Battalion - Major von Kaminsky 3rd Battalion - Capitain von Mey 4th Battalion - Major von Mellersky 6th Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Rohr • 1st Battalion - Major von Kleist 2nd Battalion - Major von Streit 3rd Battalion - Major von Dölitz 4th Battalion - Major von Woisky 7th Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberst von Börstel 1st Battalion - Major von Ozerowsky 2nd Battalion - Major von Held 3rd Battalion - Major von Dizelsky 4th Battalion - Major von Douglas Ist Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Liebherr 4 Squadrons ind Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Rittmeister von Wolff 4 Squadrons Ird Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Rittmeister von Teschen 4 Squadrons :th Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Teschen 4 Squadrons
Lange, G.E., pgs 136-137.
39 5ch Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Rittmeister von Uckermann 4 Squadrons 6th Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Rittmeister von Jagow 4 Squadrons 7th Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Katte 4 Squadrons Berlin Landwehr - Major von Sydow 2 Squadrons The order of 19 November 1913 reduced the Kurmark regiments to three battalions each, the forth battalion being converted into a reserve battalion for the other three. On 25 September 1813 the 3rd Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment formed a volunteer Jäger squadron formed from the Westphalian chasseurs-Karabiniers, which had been taken prisoner in Brunswick. On 19 January 1814 the l/lst and 2/lst Kurmark Landwehr Regiment were merged because of heavy casualties. A new 2/lst and 3/Ist Kurmark Landwehr Regiment were then raised and joined the regiment in January 1814. In 1814 the Cottbus Battalion was attached to the 7th Kur- mark Landwehr Regiment, only to be disbanded on 16 May 1815 and its men sent to fill the ranks of the other battalions. In 1815 the Kurmark Landwehr was organized as follows:1
1st Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Tippelskirch 1st Battalion - Major von Dullack 2nd 3attalicn - Major von Pochhammer 3rd 3attalion - Major von Borstcdt Reserve Battalion - Major von Klöden 2nd Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Beckendorff ist Battalion - Major von Closter 2nd Battalion - Major von Raussendorf 3rd Battalion - Major von Schaumburg Reserve Battalion - Major von Hattorf 3rd Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Zschüschen 1st Battalion - Major von Friedenburg 2nd Battalion - Major von Schönholtz 3rd 3attalion - Hauptmann von Lavière Reserve Battalion - Major von Hövel 4th Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Grolmann ist Battalion - Kapitain von Liest 2nd Battalion - Major von Schmude 3rd 3attalion - Major von Schwerin Reserve Battalion - Major von Börstel 5th Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Welling 1st 3attalion - Major von Mellersky 2nd Battalion - Major von Wienskowski 3rd 3attalion - Major von Düring Reserve Battalion - Major von Delitz
Hcfschröer, pg 25.
40 6th Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Rohr 1st Battalion - Major von Klöden 2nd Battalion - Major von Schaffer 3rd Battalion - Major von Maltitz Reserve Battalion - Major von Bönigk 7th Kurmark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Schönberg 1st Battalion - Major von Stutternheim 2nd Battalion - Oberstleutnant von Ozerowsky 3rd Battalion - Major von Dizelsky Reserve Battalion - Kapitain Bigni 1st Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Folgerberg 4 Squadrons 2nd Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Rittmeister von Kamecke 4 Squadrons 3rd Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Rittmeister Graf von Finckenstein 4 Squadrons 4th Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Schmeling 4 Squadrons 5th Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Uckermann 4 Squadrons 6th Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Dorville 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Ziethen 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Kröcher 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Kriegsheim 7th Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Treskow
NEUMARK LANDWEHR
In March Neumark was ordered to raise a Landwehr formation. Three brigades were raised:1
Commanding Officer: Generalmajor von Hinrichs 1st Brigade: Major von Beust 1st Battalion - Major von Treskow 2nd Battalion - Capitain von Braunschweig 3rd Battalion - Major von vonLebin 4th Battalion - Captain von During 1st Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von von Sydow (4 sqns) 2nd Brigade: Major von Elsenhardt 1st Battalion - Captain von Zastrow 2nd Battalion - Captain von Grollman 3rd Battalion - Captain von Steinmetz 4th Battalion - Captain von Paczkowsky 2nd Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Hiller (4 sqns) 3rd Brigade: Oberstallmeister Count von Lindeneau 1st Battalion - Captain von Stwolinsky 2nd Battalion - Major von der Osten 3rd Battalion - Major von Waldow 4th Battalion - Major von Staël von Holstein 3rd Landwehr Cavalry Regiment (4 sqns)
1. Langs, G.S., pg 133.
41 1st Brigade: 4 Battalions 2,808 men 3 Squadrons 268 men 2nd Brigade: 4 Battalions 2,426 men 3 Squadrons 231 men 3rd Brigade: 4 Battalions 2,766 men 2 Squadrons 282 men On 10 July the Neustettin Battalion and Squadron were transferred to the Neumark Landwehr establishment. On 10 August 1813 the Neumark Landwehr was reorganized into regiments as follows:1
1st Neumark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Beust (later von Puttlitz) 1st 3attalion - Major von Treskow 2nd 3attalion - Capitain von Braunschweig 3rd Battalion - Major von Lebin 4th 3attalion - Hauptmann von Düring 2nd Neumark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Eisenhardt 1st Battalion - Capitain von Zastrow 2nd Battalion - Capitain von Grollmann 3rd 3attalion - Capitain von Steinmetz 4th Battalion - Capitain von Paczkowsky 3rd Neumark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major Staël von Holstein 1st Battalion - Major von Stwolinsky 2nd 3attalion - Major von der Osten 3rd 3attalion - Major von Waldow 4th Battalion - Major von Staël von Hollstein 1st Neumark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Sydow 4 Squadrons 2nd Neumark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Hiller 4 Squadrons 3rd Neumark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - unknown 4 squadrons in reserve by Berlin.
The Neumark Landwehr totaled 7,907 infantry and 781 cavalry. On 27 August the 3/lst Neumark Landwehr Infantry, which had been detached from siege duties in Stettin, arrived and joined the rest of the regiment. On 9 October 1813 the 3/2nd Neumark Land wehr Infantry was disbanded and the 4/2nd Neumark Landwehr was renumbered to replace it. In December the Neumark Landwehr force totaled 7,122 infantry and 784 cavalry. In February 1814 the 3/lst Neumark Landwehr Infantry was renumbered as the 2/lst and the 1/lst Neumark Landwehr Infantry was renumbered as the 3/lst. The 2/2nd Neumark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment was disbanded on 18 April 1815. As with the other Landwehr forces, Neumark was ordered to send forward its Landwehr to support Prussia in the 1815 cam paign .21
1. Lance, G.E., pgs 136-137.
2. Hofschröer, pg 26.
4 2 1st Neumark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Dühring 1st Battalion - Major von Reichenbach 2nd Battalion - Major von Treskow 3rd Battalion - Major von Hayn 2nd Neumark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Braunschweig 1st Battalion - Major von Steinmetz 2nd Battalion - Major von Grollmann 3rd Battalion - Major von Vietinghoff (later von Sey'dlitz) Reserve Battalion - Kapitain von Windheim
3rd Neumark Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Schmalensee 1st 3attalion - Major von Zimmermann 2nd Battalion - Major von der Osten 3rd Battalion - Major von Waldow Reserve 3attalion - Kapitain Schulz 1st Neumark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major Sydow 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Cubach 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von der Marwitz 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von falckenhayn Reserve Squadron - Premierleutnant von Letow (later Putkamer) 1st Neumark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Hiller 1st Squadron - Major Graf von Häslingen 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Bünau 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Raussendorff
SILESIAN LANDWEHR
The Silesian Landwehr was raised as a result of the Cabinet Order of 31 March 1813. Two divisions were organized in the Liegnitz Department and three more divisions were organized in the Breslau Department. They were:
Liegnitz Department 1st Division - 12 Bns, 9 Sqns - Generalmajor von Dobschûtz 2nd Division - 12 Bns, 11 Sons - Generalmajor von Sanitz Breslau Department 3rd Division - 16 Bns, 19 Sqns - Generallieutenant von Rouquett.e 4 th Division - 16 Bns, 19 Sqns - Generalmajor von Schimonsky 5th Division - 16 Bns, 14 Sqns - Oberst von Welzien By 1 May 44,756 infantry and 5,218 cavalry were raised.1
1. Lange, G.2., pg 141.
43 Province Infantry Cavalry or Citv Battalions Strenqth Sauadrons Strenqth City of Breslau 2 1,600 2. 120 Breslau 2 1,310 3 220 Neumark 1 744 2 120 Striegau 414 1 100 Bolkenhainer 1,504 2 160 Glatzer 3 2,244 2 160 Frankenstein 1 792 1 100 Münsterberg - - 1 100 Schweidnitzer 3lX 1,966 3 210 Nimptsch 3/4 460 2 140 Reichenbach IM 930 2 120 Strehlen % 386 1 100 Brieg 1 730 1 160 Oblau 1 610 2 140 Grottkau 1 612 2 140 Falkenberg 646 2 160 Neitz 2 1,288 2 160 Muensterberg « 370 - Neustadt 1 3/4 1,240 2 140 Leobschüz 1 3/4 1,304 1 220 Cosel 392 1 60 Ratibor 1 3/4 1,180 1 80 Pietznisch 21/ 1,180 1 80 Tost llX 1,460 1 50 Beuthen 3/4 520 1 75 Gross Streblitz 3/4 502 1 60 Lublieniz 3/4 564 1 60 Oupeln 1 3/4 1,322 1 100 Rosenberg 3/4 526 1 60 Creutzburg 3/4 428 k 60 Ramslau 3/4 506 1 60 Pelsnisch 1 3/4 1,188 2 120 Trebnitz IW 910 2 140 Wartenberg 1 612 1 60 Loewenberg 2 2,632 3 192 Hirschberg 3 1,917 2 144 Jauer 1 561 1 72 Liegnitz ltf 800 1 104 Goldberg 1 3/4 942 1 72 Militsch r-A 817 1 96 Steinau 383 1 48 Woblau 1H 338 1 • 96 Cuhrau 3/4 508 1 > 76 Glogu 2^ 1,492 2 144 Freistadt l1/ 809 1 96 Schweibuss l'A 340 1 36 Gruenberg llA 752 1 96 Sagan 1H 871 1 66 Sprottau 3/4 468 1 48 Total 67^ 44,307 69 5, 163 In July/August 1813 the Silesian Landwehr was organized as fol lows :
44 1st Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Plötz 1st Battalion - Major von Wins 2nd Battalion - Major von Riesemeuscel 3rd Battalion - Major von Götz 4th Battalion - Major Graf von Kosboth 2nd Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Blandowsky 4 Battalions 3rd Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major Graf von Dohna 3 Battalions 4th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major Graf von Herzberg 1st Battalion - Major von l'Homme de Courbière 2nd Battalion - Major von vonKottulinsky 3rd Battalion - Major von Knorr 4th Battalion - unknown 5th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Graf von Maltzahn 1st Battalion - Major von Mumm 2nd Battalion - Major von Borwitz 3rd 3attalion - Major von Siedlitz 4th Battalion - Major von Koszcky 6th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Grumbkow 1st Battalion - Major von Kempsky 2nd Battalion - Major von Fischer 3rd Battalion - Major von Dobrowolsky 4th Battalion - Major von Rosken 7th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Kikebusch 1st Battalion - Major von Kikebusch 2nd Battalion - Major Graf von Dohna 3rd Battalion - Major von Burgsdorf 4th Battalion - Kapitain von Ruk 8th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major Graf von Larisch 1st Battalion - Major von Bork 2nd Battalion - Major von Geisberg 3rd Battalion - Major von Skopp 4th Battalion - Major Graf von Dohna 9th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Below 1st Battalion - Major Graf von Reichenbach 2nd Battalion - Major Baron von Troschke 3rd Battalion - Capitain von von Wittich 4th 3attalion - Major von Frankenberg 10th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberst Prinz Christian von Anhalt-Pless 1st Battalion - Major von Fritsche 2nd Battalion - Major von Kleist 3rd Battalion - Major von Brixen II 4th Battalion - Major von Frankenberg 11th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - von Wostrowsky 1st Battalion - von Waldow 2nd 3attalion - von Tempsky 3rd Battalion - von Wähzold 4th Battalion - von Reichenberg 12th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Tschirschky 4 battalions 13th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Gädicke 1st Battalion - Major von Walter & von Cronegk 2nd Battalion.. - Major von Larisch
45 3rd Battalion - Major von Rekowsky 4th Battalion - Capitain von Marwitz 14th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - von Losthin, later Oberst von Gaza in 1814 - von Brunow 1st Battalion - Major von Kempsky 2nd Battalion - Major von Thiele 3rd Battalion - Major von Gfug 4th Battalion - Major von Briesen 15th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Wollzogen 1st Battalion - Capitain von Sommerfeld 2nd Battalion - Major von Pettingkofer 3rd Battalion - Major von Reibnitz 4th Battalion - Major von Wedell 16th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Iwonsky 3 Battalions 17th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - von Schimonsky 1st 3attalion - von Gusmar 2nd 3attalion - von Sack 3rd Battalion - von Lofthin 4th Battalion - von Stotzky 5th Battalion - vacant 6th Battalion - vacant
1st Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment (4 sqns) Graf von Reichenbach 2nd Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment (4 sqns) Rittmeister von Prittwitz 3rd Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment (4 sqns) Major von Tschirschky (later Major Baron von Falkenhausen) 4th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment (4 sqns) Major von Reibnitz 5th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment (4 sqns) Major von Oserowsky 6th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment 7th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment (4 sqns) Rittmeister von Schmidt 8th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment (4 sqns) Rittmeister von Kleist (later von Studnitz) 9th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment (4 sqns) 10th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment (4 sqns) Major von Sohr
In September 1813 the 2/,4/4th Silesian Landwehr Infantry were merged into a single new battalion because of heavy losses. On 22 December a volunteer Jäger detachment was raised and at tached to the 8th Silesian Landwehr cavalry Regiment. In November 1813, because of combat casualties, the four battalions of the 5th, 6th, and 13th Silesian Landwehr were each consolidated into single battalions. The eight battalions of the 4th and 8th Silesian Landwehr were consolidated into three batta lions - 2/4th, 3/4th, and 3/lSth.1 On 29 January 1814 the 2nd Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regi ment was disbanded. The newly raised 17th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment replaced the 2nd Regiment.- On 31 March 16th Silesian Landwehr was redesignated as the 12th upon the disband
1. Lange, G.E., pg 160.
46 ing of the original regiment.1 The 4th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment was disbanded on 8 May 1814 and its remains were joined by the 9th and 10th Sile sian Landwehr Cavalry Regiments to form a new 4th Regiment. As a result of casualties from the battles of Champaubert-,. Château-Thierry, Montmirail, and Vauchamps in early February 1814, a number of truly savaged Prussian Landwehr regiments were combined into militarily viable formations. Those new, temporary formations were: t Combined Landwehr Battalion 5th Silesian Landwehr Regiment 13th Silesian Landwehr Regiment Combined Landwehr Battalion 4th Silesian Landwehr Regiment 15th Silesian Landwehr Regiment Combined Battalion Remains of 6th Silesian Landwehr Regiment Combined Battalion 14th Silesian Landwehr Regiment Combined Landwehr Cavalry Regiment (5 sqns) 5th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment 10th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment In 1815 the Silesian Landwehr was once again mobilized for war with the French. It was organized as follows:31 2
1st Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Fischer 1st Battalion - Kapitain von Alkier 2nd Battalion - Major von Kuczkowski 3rd Battalion - Major von Seydlitz Reserve Battalion - Oberstleutnant von Plötz 2nd Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Blaudowsky 1st Battalion - Major von Gusnar 2nd Battalion - Major von Schwemmler 3rd Battalion - Major von Dobschûtz Reserve Battalion - Kapitain von Sicart 3rd Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Thile 1st Battalion - Major von Grolman 2nd Battalion - Major von Tschischwitz 3rd Battalion - Major von Krahn Reserve 3attalion - Major von Grape 4th. Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Massow 1st Battalion - Major von Knorr 2nd Battalion •- Major von Kottulinsky 3rd Battalion - Major von Herzberg Reserve 3attalion - Kapitain von Montowt
1. Lange, G.E., pg 149.
2. Lange, G.E., pgs 143-148.
3. Hofschröer, pgs 19-21.
47 5th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Krauthoff 1st Battalion - Major von Zimmerman 2nd Battalion - Major von Borrwitz 3rd Battalion - Major von Kossecky Reserve Battalion - Major von Hahn 6th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Zimmerman 1st Battalion - Kapitain von Knorr (later Major von Jeaminet) 2nd Battalion - Kapitain von Schrabisch (later Kapitain von Hessen) 3rd Battalion - Kapitain von Franken (later Major von Wittich) Reserve Battalion - Major von Thiesenhausen 7th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Poyda 1st 3attalion - Major von Ruck 2nd Battalion - Major von Burgsdorf 3rd 3attalion - Major von Polczinski Reserve Battalion - Major von Reinhard 6th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant Graf von Larisch 1st 3attalion - Major Graf zu Dohna 2nd 3attalion - Major von Schkopp 3rd Battalion - Major Herr von der Burg Reserve Battalion - Major von Sausin 9th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major Graf von Wartensleben 1st Battalion - Major von d'Elpons 2nd Battalion - Major von Frankenbergh 3rd 3attalion - Major von Troschke Reserve Battalion - Major von Rottengatter 10th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Winning 1st Battalion - Major von Fritsche 2nd 3attalion - Major von Brixen 3rd 3attalion - Major von Frankenberg Reserve Battalion - Major von Köckritz llth Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von zWostrowsky 1st Battalion - Major von Broesigke 2nd 3attalion - Major von Tempsky 3rd Battalion - Major von Weger Reserve Battalion - Kapitain von Jeaminet 12th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Buttlar 1st 5attalion - Major von Taubadel 2nd Battalion - Major von Kittlitz 3rd Battalion - Major von Iwonsky Reserve 3attaiion - Major von d'Elpons 13th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Podewils 1st Battalion - Kapitain von Gorszkowsky 2nd Battalion - Kapitain von Seydlitz 3rd 3attalion - Kapitain von Hirsch Reserve 3attaiion - Kapitain von Thauer 14th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Brünnow 1st Battalion - Major von Freyburg 2nd Battalion - Major von Thiele 3rd Battalion - Major von Wilhelmy Reserve 3attalion - Major von Bistram 15th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Pettenkoffer 1st Battalion - Major von Sommerfeld 2nd Battalion - Major von Hochberg 3rd Battalion - Major von Reibnitz Reserve Battalion - Kapitain de la Bruyère
4 8 1st Silesian Cavalry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Schill 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Stillfried 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Hoberg 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Gaffron 4th Squadron - Rittmeister von Natzmer Reserve Squadron - Rittmeister von Bluemner 2nd Silesian Cavalry Regiment - Major von Schallern 1st Squadron - Rittmeister Graf Magnis 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Sydow 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister Graf von Lautier 4th Squadron - Rittmeister Graf von Nostitz Reserve Squadron - Premierleutnant von Spitzner 3rd Silesian Cavalry Regiment - Major von Falkenhausen 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Stegmann 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Kalinowsky 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von der Osten 4th Squadron - Rittmeister Stein von Altenstein 4th Silesian Cavalry Regiment - Major von Sohr 5th Silesian Cavalry Regiment - Major von Ozorowsky 6th Silesian Cavalry Regiment - Major von Bissing 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Pritzelwitz 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Baitier 3rd Squadron - Rittmeister von Mirbach 4th Squadron - Rittmeister von Holly 7th Silesian Cavalry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von 1st Squadron - Rittmeister von Kirstein 2nd Squadron - Rittmeister von Leutsch 3rd & 4th Squadron - ? 8th Silesian Cavalry Regiment -
ELBE LANDWEHR Atter the battle of Leipzig and the withdrawal of the French from Germany large portions territory that had belonged to Prus sia before 1806 were recovered by Prussia. The Prussian army promptly began recruiting and organizing both regular and Land wehr units. The Elbe region provided three infantry and one cavalry Landwehr regiments. The officer corps of the Elbe Land wehr infantry was principally drawn from former Westphalians, while that of the cavalry was predominantly Prussians. The 1st Elbe Landwehr Infantry Regiment was raised under Oberstleutnant von Bismark in 1814 in the province of Altmark. It became the 1st Magdeburg Landwehr Regiment and in 1818 carried the number "26a". The 2nd Elbe Landwehr Infantry Regiment was raised under Major von Reckow in 1814 in Halberstadt. It becafne the 2nd Magdeburg Landwehr Regiment and in 1818 carried the number "26b". The 3rd Elbe Landwehr Infantry Regiment was raised under Major von Kleist in 1814 in Eischfelde and Erfurt. It became the 3rd Magdeburg Landwehr Regiment and in 1818 carried the number "27a"." Each of the three Elbe Landwehr regiments had a detachment of volunteer Jägers. A 4th Elbe Landwehr Infantry Regiment formed by drawing a battalion from each of the other regiments. The battalions used
49 were the 4/ist, l/2nd, and 2/3rd. When those battalions were removed the remaining battalions were renumbered. Records in dicate that it was disbanded in 1814. Apparently it was either converted into or absorbed into the Infantry Regiment No. 31. The Elbe Landwehr Cavalry Regiment was raised by Obe rstleutnant von Itzenplitz in 1814 in Magdeburg, Halberstadt, Mansfeld, Hohenstein and Eichsfeld. In 1818 it appears to have been reduced to a battalion.1 The Elbe Landwehr was organized as follows in 1815:2
1st Elbe Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Bismark 1st Battalion - Major von Rohtt 2nd Battalion - Major von Schleicher 3rd Battalion - Major von Jagow 2nd Elbe Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Reckow 1st Battalion - Major von Lindern 2nd Battalion - Major von Kwiakowski 3rd Battalion - Major von Pastor 3rd Elbe Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Rangow 1st Battalion - Major von Kwiakowski 2nd Battalion - Major von Hanstein 3rd Battalion - Major von Arnim 4th Elbe Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Mey 1st Battalion - Major von Mey 2nd 5attalion - Major von Rabel 3rd Battalion - Major von Arnstadt Elbe Cavalry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Reibnitz 5 Squadrons
WESTPHALIAN LANDWEHR
The Westphalian provinces that had been part of Prussia were also recovered in late 1814. They were to provide five Landwehr infantry and one Landwehr cavalry regiments. The officer corps was primarily former Westphalians. The 1st Westphalian Landwehr Infantry Regiment was organized under the command of Oberstleutnant Rüchel, also named Kleist. It was raised in December 1813 in the County of Mark, the Duchy of Cleve, on the Right Bank of the Rhine, and the region of Essen, Werden, and Recklingshausen. In 1818 it was the No. 16a, 1st Arensberger Landwehr Regiment. The 2nd Westphalian Landwehr Infantry Regiment was raised in 1813 under Major von Winterfeld in Minden and Ravensberg. In 1818 it became the No. 15a, 1st Minden Landwehr Regiment. The 3rd Westphalian Landwehr Infantry Regiment, also raised in 1813, was formed by its commander Major von Friccius. It was disbanded in 1816 upon the formation of a new 16th and 28th Landwehr Regiment. It was replaced, in 1816, by the "Berg Land wehr Regiment" raised by Oberst von Bose in the Münster region.
1. Lange, G.E., pgs 177-178.
2. Hofschröer, pg 35.
50 The 4th Westphalian Landwehr Infantry Regiment was raised by Graf Henkel von Donnersmark. In late 1813 this regiment was ordered brought to a strength of four battalions. the order of 2 May 1815 ordered the 4th Westphalian Landwehr to reduce the regiments from four to three battalions. The batta lions thus . liberated were used to organize the 2nd Thüringiàh Infantry Regiment No.32. At this time the 4th Westphalian Landwehr was as follows:
Commander: Major von der Groben 1st Battalion - von Kuylenstjerna - became Fus/2nd Thüringian IR 2nd Battalion - von Minuth 3rd Battalion - von Romberg 4th Battalion - von Zastrow - became l/4th Westphalian Landwehr IR
The 5th Westphalian Landwehr Infantry Regiment was raised by Major von Röbel on 1 January 1814. In 1818 it became the No. 15b Minden Landwehr Infantry Regiment. The five Westphalian Landwehr regiments organized volunteer Jäger detachments, as follows:
1st Westphalian Landwehr - Mark Jäger Detachment - 2 companies 2nd Westphalian Landwehr - Minden-Ravensberg Jäger Detachment 3rd Westphalian Landwehr - Ostfriesland Jäger Detachment 4th Westphalian Landwehr - Münster Jäger Detachment 5th Westphalian Landwehr - Paderborn Jäger Detachment
The 1st Westphalian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment was' raised in 1813 by Major von Wulssen in Minden, Ravensberg, Münster, and Paderborn.1 In 1815 six further Landwehr regiments were ordered raised. The 6th Westphalian Landwehr Regiment was raised under Major von Röbel in Padernborn and Hörter. The 6th Westphalian Landwehr Regiment was raised under Major von Hülsen using cadres drawn from the 1st Westphalian Landwehr Regiment. It was formed in Mark and Essen. The 7th Westphalian Landwehr Regiment drew its cadres from the 4th Westphalian Landwehr Regiment, as well as the reserve battalions of the 2nd and 5th Westphalian Landwehr Regi ments. The 8th Westphalian Landwehr Regiment was formed using the Reserve Battalion of the 4th Westphalian Landwehr Regiment and the disbanded 3rd Westphalian Landwehr Regiment. It was commanded by Major von Friccius. The 9th and 10th Westphalian Landwehr Regiment were not raised until 1816. In 1815 the Westphalian Landwehr was organized as follows:31 2
1. Lange, G.B., pgs 178-181.
2. Lange, G.E., pgs 216-218.
3. Hofschröer, pg 37.
51 1st Westphalian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant Rüchel von Kleist 1st Battalion - Major von Selasinsky 2nd Battalion - Major von Gillhausen 3rd Battalion - unknown 2nd Westpha.lian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Winterfeld 1st Battalion - Major von Weihe 2nd Battalion - Major von Mengersen 3rd Battalion - Major von Everstein 3rd Westphalian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major von Friccius 1st Battalion - Kapitain von Gross 2nd Battalion - Major von Langen 3rd Battalion - Major Fischer Jäger Detachment - Leutnant von Blomberg 4th Westphalian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Major Graf von Groben 1st Battalion - Major von Zastrow 2nd Battalion - Major von Minuth (later von Rex) 3rd Battalion - Major von Kuylenstjerna 5th Westphalian Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Oberstleutnant von Röbel 1st Battalion - Major von Bülow 2nd Battalion - Major von Kalnassy 3rd Battalion - Major von Kawoczynski (later von Hass) Jäger Detachment - Kapitain von Hayn 5th Westphalian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment - Major von Wulffen
RHINISH LANDWEHR
The Landwehr from the Rhinish provinces was not organized until 1815. The 1st Rhinish Landwehr Regiment was commanded by Major von Schlechtendahl and formed using the Cleves Landwehr battalion raised in 1814, plus recruits from the Departments of Aachen and Cleve. The 2nd Rhinish Landwehr Regiment was command ed by Major Köhn- von Jaski and raised in the cantons of Brach, Crefeld, Erkelenz, Mors, Neeressen, Neuss, Odenkirchen, Uerdingen and Viersen. The 3rd Rhinish Landwehr Regiment was commanded by Major von Zglinitzki and raised from the region around Cologne, Bergheim, Rheinbach, Lechenich and Bonn. The 4th Rhinish Landwehr Regiment, under Major von Ziegler, drew its cadre from the line regiments and its troops from the Department of Aachen. The 5th Rhinish Landwehr Regiment was commanded by Major Anselme and raised in Aachen, Adenau, Arweiler, Bonn, Düren, Geilenkirchen, Gemünd, Jülich, Kirpen, Lechenich, Montjoie, Remagen, Rheinbach, and Zülprich. The 6th Rhinish Landwehr Regiment was raised in Prüm, Wit- tlich, Trier, and Bittburg and placed under the command of Major Baron von Sell. The 7th Rhinish Landwehr Regiment was commanded by Major von Book and organized in Coblenz and Bonn. The 8th Rhinish Landwehr Regiment, under Major von Wnuck, was organized in Kreuznach, Simmern, Oberstein,and Trier. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Rhinish Landwehr Cavalry Regiments were raised on 24 November 1815, entirely missing the 1815 cam paign against France.
1. Langs, G.E., pgs 220-221.
52 POSEN LANDWEHR The 1st and 2nd Posen Landwehr were raised in 1815. The 1st commanded by Oberstleutnant von Burghoff and both were raised in the Posen Department. > The 3rd and 4th Posen Landwehr were not raised.until 1816. The 1st Posen Landwehr Cavalry Regiment was raised in 1815. The 2nd Posen Landwehr Cavalry Regiment was not raised until 1816.1 2
SAXON AND OTHER LANDWEHR In 1815 two Saxon Landwehr regiments were raised. The 1st was organized by Oberstleutnant Graf von Schönburg. The 1st Battalion came from the Royal Saxon Landwehr Regiment. The 2nd and 3rd Battalions were organized from the Wittenberg Landwehr Regiment, which had been raised in 1813. In 1818 this regiment became No. 32a, 2nd Merseburg. The 2nd Upper Saxon Landwehr Regiment was raised under Oberstleutnant von Brandt using the 2nd and 3rd Royal Saxon Landwehr Regiment , plus various recruits. In 1818 it became the No. 32b, 4th Frankfurt Regiment. Two Thüringian Landwehr regiments were also formed. The 1st Thüringian Landwehr Regiment was organized under Major von Grim- menstein using men from the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Saxon Line Infantry Regiments and the 1st and 2nd Saxon Light Infantry Regiments that were disbanded in 1814. Berg also provided a small Landwehr force. The Berg Land wehr was founded on 5 December 18 13. A total of four battalions were raised, each being named for its province: Meppen, Cösfeld, Stienfurt, and Borken. In addition, a reserve battalion was formed. The Borken Landwehr Infantry Battalion was assigned to serve with the Berg 2nd Infantry Regiment to bring it to a strength of three battalions. The Meppen Battalion was disbanded when its province was transferred to Hanover in 1814. On 8 September 1814 the reserve battalion was transferred to the Westphalian Landwehr. As a result, there existed in 1815 a single three battalion Landwehr regiment under Oberst, von Bose. The battalion commanders were: 1st - von Rappart, 2nd - von Krane, 3rd - von Tonnemann. Apparently a Berg Landwehr Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Major von Romberg, was formed in 1814 and served in the siege of Mainz. Little is known about this regiment and its existence is questionable.3
1. Lange, G.E., pgs 218-219.
2. Lange, G.E., pgs 216-217.
3. Hcfschrôer, pg 37.
53 UNIFORMS OF THE LANDWEHR INFANTRY
The Landwehr infantry's uniforms were a wide mixture of clothing. The form of the Landwehr uniform was established --.by the order-of 17 march 1813. It consisted of the Litewka, or long coat with "skirts" that variably reached from mid thigh or well below the knee. It had no turnbacks. It was to be of either blue or black cloth. The provincial colors were worn on the collar, while the battalion or squadron colors were worn on the shoulder straps. The colors of the Litewkas ranged from most shades of light and dark gray to black. Their head gear consisted of the schirmütze of either black or blue cloth with the headband of the provincial color and any number of devices, phrases, or numbers on the front. On occasion the schirmütze had piping of the provincial- color around its crown seam. The schirmütze was frequently adorned with a black and white Prussian cockade or the "Landwehrkreuz", an iron cross shaped device inscribed with "mit Gott für König- und Vaterland 1813". Their breeches were theoretically dark blue or white and worn with black gaiters or boots. However, every form of foot wear, including bare feet, was to be found. Shortages of uniforms and equipment early in their organiza tion drove them to any expediency. Some were even issued British stove pipe shakos. The Landwehr had regimental distinctives similar to that of the line infantry. The color of the cuffs and collars was in the provincial color and the battalions and squadrons wore a specific color on their shoulder straps. Those colors were: Provincial Colors
Province Color Buttons East Prussia Orange: Red White West Prussia Black White Pomerania White Yellow Brandenburg Brick Red Yellow Silesia Lemon Yellow White Magdeburgs Light Blue Yellow Westphalia Green White Rhine Crab Red Yellow The provinces of Magdeburg, Westphalia, and Rhine were added in 1814.
1. Nash, pgs 37-39.
2. Lange, G.2., pgs 121 & 179.
54 Battalion/Squadron Seniority Colors Color 1st Regiment White 2nd Regiment Scarlet 3rd Regiment Yellow 4th Regiment Light Blue UNIFORMS OF THE LANDWEHR CAVALRY The uniforms of the Landwehr cavalry were established by the Order-in-Cabinet of 17 March 1813. This order established that the Landwehr cavalry was to wear a dark blue Litewka with facings of the provincial colors, like the infantry. They were to wear a shako without cover that was to be decorated with the Landwehr cross. Their breeches were to be gray and their waist and shoulder belts were to be black. They were to carry a lance, with a pennant in the provincial color, and a saber. Their schabraque was to of black lambskin with an edging that would normally be in a "wolf's teeth" pattern. As the line cavalry was always better provided for than the line infantry, so too was the Landwehr cavalry better fitted out than its foot slogging compatriots. Still funds were short and needs were long and there resulted both shortages and variations from the authorized equipment. The Litewka was generally available to all. However, it was not infrequently made of gray cloth, when the regulated blue was not available. The Pomeranian Regiment wore gray and a Neumark regiment wore sky blue. Two regiments, which appear to have had presumptions of greater things, dressed their troops with uhlan Kollets and issued them with czapkas. Some of the Westphalian units wore the Kollet, but it was not universally authorized for the Landwehr in March 1815. As mentioned earlier, they were to wear their provincial colors as regimental colors, but a large number of West Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regiments chose, as regimentals, the orange red of East Prussia, instead of the regulated black. Their head gear varied wildly, depending on what was at hand. Some wore Prussian dragoon shakos and others wore the schirmütze, which was frequently stretched to its limits with a wire frame. The 1st and 2nd Neumark Landwehr Cavalry Regiments wore the British stove pipe shakos, while one other Neumark Regiment actually wore captured French Hussar shakos. At least one Rheinish regiment and either the 3rd or 7th Silesian Land wehr Cavalry Regiment were outfitted with czapkas. The Landwehr cross was not- always used and head gear frequently had cords, chinscales, and other devices. Their breeches were gray with a leather lining and cuffs. The presence of buttons or stripes on the outer seams varied widely. The schabraque's varied widely.. Some were in the style of the line hussars and others like the line dragoons. The most common, however, was a black lambskin with wolf's teeth trim in the provincial color. Neumark, however, ever to be different, was equipped with British gray schabraques, rounded in front and square cut in back, with red heart shaped decorations in the corners.
55 Though the lance pennant was to be of the provincial color, they were frequently split, with the provincial color over white. They were frequently adorned with a white or black Landwehr cross. In 1815 the pennant was standardized as white over black.1 • In general the provinces attempted to dress their cavalry in as similar a manner as possible. What follows is a generalization by province, of what was most frequently worn. Silesian Landwehr’Cavalry The Silesians wore the standard blue Litewka with yellow facings. Their lance pennants were white over yellow. Their schabraque was of white lambskin with yellow wolf's teeth. Brandenburg Landwehr Cavalry The Brandenburg uniform consisted of a blue Litewka with yellow buttons and red facings. Their gray breeches had a red stripe down the outside seam. They wore shakos without covers or Landwehr cross. Apparently, it had a Prussian pompon and brass chin scales. Their pennant was red over white. Neumark Landwehr Cavalry: They wore a blue Litewka with red distinctives. Their head gear consisted of English stove pipe shakos with white lace around the top edge and white cords. Their lance pennant was white over black. They were equipped with British gray scha- braques, rounded in front and square cut in back, with red heart shaped decorations in the corners.
West Prussian Landwehr Cavalry: Their uniform was as established on 17 March 1813, dark blue Litewka and covered shako. Their regimentals were generally orange-red instead of black and their pennants were yellow over crimson.
East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry: Their Litewka was dark blue with red facings, white buttons, yellow shoulder straps, gray, and leather lined breeches. Their head gear consisted of a tall schirmütze with a yellow Landwehr cross and a thin red hat band. Their pennant was red over white.
Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalrv: * The Pomeranians wore the regulation uniform, except their Litewka was made of gray cloth.
1. Nash, pçs 63-65.
56 Elbe Landwehr Cavalrv: The Elbe Landwehr wore a dark blue Litewka without distinc tives, but with white shoulder straps. They wore the shako of the Normal Dragoon Squadron, decorated with a black and white Prussian pompon and a Landwehr cross. Their lance pennant was. blue over red. Their schabraque was white lambskin and had no edge. trim.
Westphalian Landwehr Cavalrv: Their Litewka was dark blue with bright green piping on the cuffs and collar, and red shoulder straps. Their belts were white. They wore a leather shako decorated with the black and white Prussian pompon, a Landwehr cross, and white cords. The lance pennant was red over orange with a black Landwehr cross. Rheinish Landwehr Cavalry: They wore a dark blue Litewka with white buttons and crimson distinctives. As mentioned earlier, they wore a czapka with a black turban and blue square top. It had white cords and knots and a Landwehr cross. Their lance pennant was white over crimson and their black sheepskin schabraque was edged with red wolf's teeth.1
1. Nash, pg 67.
57 Battle Honors of the Landwehr What follows is not intended as a complete listing of every action in which the Landwehr fought. None of the sieges are listed, nor are the minor skirmishes. It is purely a list of the major battles.
1st Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment 14th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment Dennewitz 6 September 1813 Katzenbach 26 August 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Wartenberg 3 October 1813 2nd Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Laon 9-10 March 1814 3rd Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment Paris 30-31 March 1814 none known 15th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment 4th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment Katzenbach 26 August 1813 Katzenbach 26 August 1813 Wartenberg 3 October 1813 Wartenberg 3 October 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Montmirail 11 February 1814 Montmirail 11 February 1814 Laon 9-10 March 1814 Laon 9-10 March 1814 Paris 30-31 March 1814 Paris 30-31 March 1814 1st Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment 5th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment Dresden 26/27 August 1813 Katzenbach 26 August 1813 Kulm 30 August 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1-813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Laon 9-10 March 1814 2nd Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Paris 30-31 March 1814 Dresden 26/27 August 1813 6th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment Kulm 30 August 1813 Katzenbach 26 August 1813 3rd Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Wartenberg 3 October 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Laon 9-10 March 1814 Laon 9-10 March 1814 Paris 30-31 March 1814 Paris 30-31 March 1814 4th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment 7th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment Laon 9-10 March 1814 Dresden 26/27 August 1813 Paris 30-31 March 1814 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 5th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment 8th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment Katzenbach 26 August 1813 Dresden 26/27 August 1813 Wartenberg 3 October 1813 Kulm 30 August 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Laon 9-10 March 1814 9th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment Paris 30-31 March 1814 none known 6th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment 10th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regiment none known Dresden 26/27 August 1813 7th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Kulm 30 August 1813 Dresden 26/27 August 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Kulm 30 August 1813 13th Silesian Landwehr Infantry Regimen Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Katzenbach 26 August 1813 Vauchamps 14 February 1814 Wartenberg 3 October 1813 Laon 9-10 March 1814 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Paris 30-31 March 1814 Montmirail 11 February 1814 Laon 9-10 March 1814 Paris 30-31 March 1814
58 8th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment 1st Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Dresden 26/27 August 1813 Dennewitz 6 September 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Vauchamps 14 February 1814 2nd Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Laon 9-10 March 1814 Dennewitz 6 September 1813 Paris 30-31 March 1814 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 10th Silesian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Laon 9-10 March 1814 Katzenbach 26 August 1813 Paris 30-31 March 1814 Wartenberg 3 October 1813 3rd Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Dennewitz 6 September 1813 1st Kurmärk Landwehr Infantry Regiment 1st East Prussian Landwehr Regiment Dennewitz 6 September 1813 none known 2nd Kurmärk Landwehr Infantry Regiment 2nd East Prussian Landwehr Regiment Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 none known 3rd Kurmärk Landwehr Infantry Regiment 3rd East Prussian Landwehr Regirfient Hagelberg 27 August 1813 Dennewitz 6 September 1813 4th Kurmärk Landwehr Infantry Regiment 4th East Prussian Landwehr Regiment Hagelberg 27 August 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 5th Kurmärk Landwehr Infantry Regiment 1st East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regt Dennewitz 6 September 1813 none known 6th Kurmärk Landwehr Infantry Regiment 2nd East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regt Hagelberg 27 August 1813 none known 7th Kurmärk Landwehr Infantry Regiment 3rd East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Regt Hagelberg 27 August 1813 Dennewitz 6 September 1813 1st Kurmärk Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Berlin Landwehr Cavalry Regiment none known Dennewitz 6 September 1813 2nd Kurmärk Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Dennewitz 6 September 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 3rd Kurmärk Landwehr Cavarly Regiment Hagelberg 27 August 1813 4th Kurmärk Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Dennewitz 6 September 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 5th Kurmärk Landwehr Cavarly Regiment Hagelberg 27 August 1813 6th Kurmärk Landwehr Cavarly Regiment Hagelberg 27 August 1813 7th Kurmärk Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Dennewitz 6 September 1813 1st Neumark Landwehr Infantry Regiment Dennewitz 6 September 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 Laon 9-10 March 1814 Paris 30-31 March 1814 2nd Neumark Landwehr Infantry Regiment Dennewitz 6 September 1813 1st Neumark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Wartenberg 3 October 1813 Leipzig 16-19 October 1813 2nd Neumark Landwehr Cavalry Regiment Dennewitz 6 September 1813 1st Pomeranian Landwehr Infantry Regiment Laon 9-10 March 1814 Paris 30-31 March 1814
59 Chapter XI The National Cavalry Regiments On 17 March 1813 the King of Prussia he authorized the raising of the Landwehr cavalry.
Silesian National Cavalrv Regiment On 9 February 1813 Graf Henckel von Donnersmark, at the King's order, formed a cavalry regiment from volunteers. Ini tially it was known as either the "Schlesische Garde-Kavallerie" or the "Schlesischer Garde-Pulk", but as it formed there was question if it would be formed as a hussar or a dragoon regiment. By the end of May the first squadron with four officers and 109 men was organized. By the end of July the regiment had a volun teer Jäger detachment of 3 officers and 50 men and a depot with two squadrons and 10 officers and 250 men. By the end of October 1813 the regiment had two field and a depot squadron and the depot was ordered into the field to serve as a third field squa dron. During the course of 1814 a fourth squadron was organized and sent to join the regiment.1 The regiment fought at Dresden (26/27 August 1813), Kulm (30 August 1813), Laon (9-10 March 1814), and Paris (30-31 March 1814) .
Commander 1813 Major Graf Henckel von Donnersmark Uniforms
The Silesian National Cavalry Regiment wore a hussar style uniform with a black dolman, pelisse, and breeches. Their cuffs and collars were initially the Silesian yellow, but they were changed to red. Their braid was red and the buttons were of yellow metal. Their cummerbund was red and black. They wore the regulation leather hussar shako with a black and white Prussian pompon and cockade. Their schabraque was of white lambskin with red wolf's teeth trim.
East Prussian National Cavalrv Regiment t When the King of Prussia authorized the raising of freiwil liger cavalry and the Landwehr in early February, General Yorck begin raising the Ostpreussisches National-Kavallerie-Regiment. 3This regiment was to contain 1,000 men raised in East Prussia, West Prussia and Prussian Lithuania. A1 expenses for uniforms 1 2 3
1. Alt, pgs 61-62.
2. Nash, pg 62.
3. Mehrink, pg 20.
60 and horses were to be born by the state. However, in a notice dated 8 February the unit was called the Prussian National Caval ry Regiment. The Order-in-Cabinet of 27 March 1813 redefined the organization of the regiment and set its strength at 3 squadrons with 300 to 400 men. The formation of the regiment continued and in April a regimental depot with 80 men was raised. It was raised to 112 men. A muster from May indicates that the regiment had sixteen officers, forty-three Unteroffiziere, fourteen trumpeters, two surgeons, three blacksmiths, 546 men, thirty-one train.soldiers, one regimental surgeon and one regimental saddlemaker.1 During May a freiwilliger Jäger detachment was organized as a fifth squadron. It consisted of 117 men who paid their own equipment costs. By the end of July the regiment was fully organized, trained, and dispatched to the army. In October the regiment had: 18 Officers 44 Unteroffizier 5 Trumpeters 4 Surgeons 4 Fahnenschmiede 347 Troopers 24 Train soldiers __1 Regimental Surgeon 447 Total 1st Scrn 2nd Son 3rd Son 4th Son Jäqer Scrn Unteroffiziere 10 12 8 13 11 Trumpeters 2 1 2 1 1 Men 79 77 84 94 72 Surgeon 1 1 1 - 1 Kurschmied 1 1 - - - Train Soldiers 5 - 4 6 - Fahnenschmied - - 1 1 - Pack Knecht - 1 - - - In January 1814 the regiment consisted of 20 officers, 54, Unteroffiziere, 13 trumpeters, 1 regimental surgeon, 4 company surgeons, 4 fahnenschmiede, 484 men, 28 train soldiers, and 1 regimental saddlemaker. The Jäger detachment had 5 officers, 8 ight Unteroffiziere, 1 ne trumpeter and 75 men. The regiment fought at Katzenbach (26 August 1813) , Warten berg (3 October 1813), Leipzig (16-19 October 1813), Montmirail (11 February 1814), Laon (9-10 March 1814), and Paris (30-31 March 1814).
1. Mehrir.k, pgs 21 & 27.
2. Kehrink, pg 29.
61 Uniforms : The regiment, when raised, was armed with sabers, pistols and lances. The lance pennants varied by squadron. Those of the 1st were white, the 2nd were blue over white, the 3rd were green over white and the 4th were red w’hite. Their uniform was the blue Litewka that reached to their knees. Their Litewka had yellow braid on the breast, yellow buttons, red cuffs and col lars, and white shoulder tabs. They wore blue breaches with two broad red stripes and buttons down the outer seam. They wore a shako with a yellow Messingadler and black leather work. The color of the Litewkas was not consistent and the 4th squadron's Litewka had a different shade of red on its collars.- 1
Elbe-National-Hussar Regiment
With the overrunning of Westphalia by the allies many, of the ■former Prussian citizens who had been incorporated into Westpha lia petitioned the allied 'powers to be allowed to organize a National Cavalry Regiment. The principal petitioners were not men who had served in any of the armies of Jérôme's Westphalia, but those who had apparently refused to serve Jérôme. On 1 December 1813 the Elbe-National-Hussàr Regiment was ordered raised. It was to have four squadrons and a freiwilli ger jäger squadron. Two squadrons were quickly organized. The third squadron was not organized until 30 January 1814. However, response for volunteers was so great that eventually five squa drons were organized. Two freiwilligerjäger squadrons were also organized and in February they were dispatched to serve with the blockade corps of Generalleutnant von Kirschfeld. On 20 February 1814 Major von Ledebur, o.f the Prussian Garde du. -Corps, was named as the regimental -commander. It was .to see ' i-i.mi ted . service : •- in ■ the’ ; 1814 'campaign -and -.served. ■ .in '.the ' 1815 campaign by which .time it had "been -incorporated, into the Prussian army as the 10th Hussar Regiment;
Uniforms : ■ The Elbe National Cavalry Regiment wore a hussar style uniform that consisted of a dark, green pelisse and dolman. The dolman had a bright blue collar and cuff's. The hussars had black fur on their pelisse, the Unterofficiere had fox fur trim, and the officers had gray, fur trim on their pelisse,... The lance and buttons of both were yellow. Their cummerbund was bright blue and white.\ Their breeches were gray and. leather reinforced, with brass buttons and a thin red stripe down the outside seam. Their shako had a black waxed cover. Their belts were black and had brass fittings'. They carried a red cloth sabretache -decorated with the royal- cypher, FWR, in yellow'.' Their scha- braque was . dark green edged with bright blue and trimmed with
1 . Mehri'r.k, pc 2.6
62 yellow lace. It is probable, however, that on campaign they had a sheepskin schabraque.
Pomeranian National Cavalrv Regiment On 25 February 1813 orders were issued for the formation o£, the Pomeranian National Cavalry Regiment. It was to have three''- squadrons of 150 men. Each squadron was to have an elite pla toon. The actual formation was completed on 25 July 1813. In 1815 two squadrons were detached to form the Guard Dragoon Regi ment and the remaining squadron was used to form the 1st Pomera nian Uhlan Regiment #4.21 3 The regiment appears to have only been engaged in one bat tle, the battle of Dennewitz (6 September 1813) .
Chefs 1813 Ob.Lieut, von Sydow 1813 Major von Zastrow Uniforms : The regiment was, by decree, to wear a green Kollet with white collar and cuffs, and yellow buttons. The Litewka, breech es, coat, shako, and saddle cloth were to be green. Their leath er work was to be black. In fact, the Pomeranian National Cavalry Regiment wore an Uhlan style uniform. It consisted of the decreed dark green Kollet piped with red piping and yellow buttons. The collar, Polish cuffs, and shoulder straps, however,, were white. Their cummerbund was bright green edged with yellow. Their gray cavalry breeches had a thin red stripe on the outer seam. their shako had green cords and knots, but was generally covered with the black waxy cover. Those troopers of each squadron that were designated as "elites" wore yellow metal epaulets. These "elites" were probably the regiment's designated skirmishers, as only they carried carbines. The rest carried only sabers and pistols. Their leather work was black with brass fittings. The schabraque was green with a double white stripe as edge trim.
1. Nash, pgs 62-63.
2. Alt, pgs 194-195
3. Nash, pg 62.
63 Prussian Bibliography
Albedyll, G., Geschichte des Kürassier-Regiments Königin (Pommer- sches) Nr. 2. Berlin, 1896. Alt, Geschichte der Königl. Preussischen Kürassiere und Dragoner seit 1619 resp. 1631-1870, Berlin, 1870. Anon. Geschichte des Magdeburgishcen Husaren-Regiments Nr. 10, Berlin, 1863.
Anon. Geschichte der Organization der Landwehr in Pommern und Westpreussen im Jahre 1813, Berlin, 1858. Anon, Die Reorganization der Preussischen Armee nach dem Tilsiter Frieden. Berlin, date unknown. von Ardenne, Geschichte des Zieten'schen Husaren-Regiments, Berlin, 1874. von Bonin, A. , Geschichte des Ingenieurkorps und der Pioniere in Preussen, Berlin, 1877-1878.
Chandler, D., The Campaigns of Napoleon. 1966, New York, MacMil- lian.
Charras, Lt. Col., Historie de la Guerre de 1813 en Allemagne. 1870, Paris. von Ciriacy, F., Chronologische Übersicht des Geschichte des Pruessischen heers dessen Stärke, Verfassung und Krieg, 1820, Berlin. von Decker, H. , Geschichtliche Rückblicke auf die Formation der Preussischen Artillerie seit dem Jahre 1809, Berlin, 1866. Ernst, Prof. Dr. H., Die Preussische Armee 1740-1821. Beriln, 1906 . Exerzir-Reglement für die Artillerie der Königlich-Preussischen Armee. Eerlin, 1812. Exerzir-Reglement für die Infanterie der Königlich-Preussischen Armee. Berlin, 1812. Exerzir-Reglement für die Kavalerie der Königlich-Preussischen Armee. Berlin, 1812. Forst, Geschichte des Königlich Preussischen Thüringischen Fel dartillerie-Regiments Nr. 1 und seiner Stamm-Truppentheile, Ber lin, 1897. Forester, W. , Geschichte des Königlich Preussischen Ersten Kür assier-regiments, Breslau, 1841
64 Gerwien, L., Errichtung der Landwehr und des Landsturms in Os- tpreussen, Westpreussen am rechten Weichsel-Ufer und Litthauen im Jahre 1813, Berlin, 1846. Gieraths, G., Die Kampfhandlungen der Brandenburgisch-Preus- sisehen ARmee, Vol 8, Berlin, 1964. Glover, M. , The Napoleonic Wars, New York, 1978. Grosser Generalstab (Jany), Urkundliche Beiträge und Forschungen zur Geschichte des Preussischen Heeres, Vol. 6, Der Preussische Kavalleriedienst vor 1806. Reprinted Wiesbaden, 1982. Grosser Generalstab, Urkundliche Beiträge und Forschungen zur Geschichte des Preussischen Heeres, Berlin, 1912. Grosser Generalstab, Die Reorganization der Preussischen Armee nach dem Tilsiter Frieden, Berlin. Grosser Generalstab, Geschichte der Bekleidung, Bewaffnung und Ausrüstung des Königlich Preussischen Heeres, Die leichte infan terie oder Die Füsilier-Bataillone 1787-1809 und Die Jäger 1744- 1809, Vol III, Weimar, 1912. von Hagen, E. , Geschichte des Neumarkischen Dragoner-Regiments Nr. 3. Berlin, 1885. Hofschröer, P., Prussian Landwehr and Landsturm 1813-1815, Paris, Ontario, RAFM Inc. 1984. Holleben, Gen. Maj . von, Geschichte des Frühjahrsfeldzuges 1813 und Vorgeschichte. 1904, Berlin, E.Siegfried Mittler & Sohn. de l'Homme de Courbière, Geschichte der Brandenburgisch-Preus- sischen Herres-Verfassung, 1852, Berlin. Jany, Urkundliche Beitrage und Forschungen zur Geschichte des Preussischen Herres. Vol III & IV, Berlin, 1909. Kiesling Geschichte der Organization und Bekleidung des Trains der Königlich Preussischen Armee 1740 bis 1888, Berlin, 1889. Klaje, Prof. Dr., H., Pommern im Jahre 1813. Kolberg, 1914. Kling, C., Geschichte der Bekleidung, Bewaffnung und Ausrüstung des Königlich Preussischen Herres, Weimar, 1912
Lang, G.L., Geschichte der Preussischen Landwehr seit Entstehung derselben bis auf die Gegenwart, Berlin, 1863. Lossow, K. , Geschichte des Grenadier-Regiment König Frederich I, Berlin, 1901 von Ludingshausen, Geschichte des Königlich Preussischen 2 .
65 Garde-Regiments zu Fuss, Berlin, 1882. von Mach, Geschichte des Königlich Preussischen Zweiten Infanter ie Königs-Regiments, Berlin, 1843. Maude, F.N., 1813: The Leipzig Campaign, 1908, New York, MacMil- lian. Mehrinck, H. , Das Königlich Preussische Garde-Husaren-Regiment, Potsdam, 1869. Meyer, K., Geschichte des Infanterie-Regiments Fürst Leopold von Anhalt-Dessau (1. Magdeburoischen) Nr. 26 1813-1913, Magdeburg, 1913 . Mirus R. Das Treffen bei Wartenburg am 3. Oktober 1813 Muller, H. , Die Entwickelung der Feld-artillerie in Bezug auf Material, Organization und Taktik, von 1815 bis 1870, Berlin, 1873 . Nash, D., The Prussian Army 1808-1815, Great Britian, 1972. Oelsnitz, A.C., Geschichte des Königlich Preussischen Ersten Infanterie-Regiments, Berlin, 1855. Petre, F.L., Napoleon's Last Campaign in Germany - 1813, Hippo- crene Books, N.Y., 1974. von Pietsch, P., Die Formations- und Uniformierungs-Geschichte des preussischen Heeres 1808-1914, Hamburg, 1963 Plotho Der Krieg in Deutschland und Frankreich in den Jahren 1813 und 1814 Berlin 1817. von Poten, B., Das Preussische Heer vor hundert Jahren. Beiheft zum Militrär-Wochenblatt, Vol 1, 1900, Berlin. Prussian General Staff, Plane der Schlachten und Treffen welche von der preussischen Armee in den feldzügen der Jahre 1813, 14, und 15 geliesert worden, G.Reimer, Berlin, 1821, Vol II. von Quistorp, B., Die Kaiserlich Russisch-Deutsch Leaion, Carl Heymann, Berlin, 1860.
Reglement für die Königl. Preuß. leichte Infanterie, Berlin, 1785
Reglement für die Husaren-Regimenter und für das Regioment Bos- niacken der Königlicher-Preussischen Armee. Berlin, 25 June 1796.
Regulations for the Prussian Infantry. London, 1759 Reinhard, Geschichte des Königlich Preussischen Ersten Garde- Regiments zu Fuss, Potsdam, 1858.
66 Rentzell, Geschichte des Garde-Jäger-Bataillons 1744 bis 1894,Berlin. 1894. von Rieben, F., Geschichte des Königlich Preussischen Kaiser Franz Garde-Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 2. Berlin, 1914. von Salisch, Geschichte des Königlich Preussischen Infanterie Regiments, Glogau, 1854 Schüsler, Geschichte des Lützowischen Freikorps. Ernst Siegfried Mittler, Berlin, 1826. Schreiber, Geschichte des Brandenburgischen Train-Bataillons Nr. 3 Berlin, 1903. Schülke, Lt. B., Die Entwicklung des Landsturms in Preussen und im Deutsch Reiche geschichtlich und Völkerrechtlilch, Berlin, 1919. von Schöning, K.W., Geschichte des Königlich Preussischen Dritten Dragoner-Regiments und der jenigner Dragoner-Regimenter, Berlin, 1835. Schwertfeger, Geschichte der Königlich Deutschen Legion 1803- 1816. Hanover & Leipzig, 1907 Sheehan, W.O., Prussian Military Reforms 1786-1813, New York, 1945 . Sporschild, Die grosse Chronik, Braunschweig, 1841. Stamlist der Königlich Preussischen Armee seit dem 16te Jahrhun dert bis 1840, Weisbaden, 1982. von Strotha, Die Königlich Preussische Reitende Artillerie fom Jahre 1759 bis 1816, Berlin, 1861. Theil, E.P., Die Jäger and Schützen des Preussischen Heeres, Berlin, 1834. d'Ussel, V.J., La Defection de la Prusse. Libraire Plon, Paris, 1907 . de Vaudoncourt, Gen. G., Histoire Politique et Militaire du Prince Eugène Napoléon, Vice-roi d'Italie. 1828, Paris, Librairie Universelle de P. Mongie.
Venzky, G., Die Russisch-Deutsche Legion in den Jahre 1811-1815. Weisbaden, 1966.
Vogel, I.L.,Theilnahme der Königl. Preuss. Artillerie an dem Kampfe des Befreiungskireaes, Berlin, 1846.
67 Index
1st Garde zu Fuss Regiment, 1 Brandenburg Landwehr Cavalry, 56 Colberg Infantry Regiment, 2 Czar Alexander Grenadier Regiment, 2 East Prussian Landwehr, 26 East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry, 56 East Prussian National Cavalry Regiment, 60 Elbe Infantry Regiment, 11, 12 Elbe Landwehr, 49 Elbe Landwehr Cavalry, 57 Elbe-National-Hussar Regiment, 62 Garde zu Fuss, 1 Garde zu Fuss Regiment No. 2, 2 Garde-Jäger-3ataillon, 4 Garde-Leicht-Kavallerie-Regiment, 6 Garde-Schützen Batallion, 5 Guard Cuirassier Regiment, 5 Guard Dragoon Regiment, 8 Guard Freiwillige Jäger Battalion von Wedell, 5 Guard Hussars, 8 Guard Uhlans, 8 Hellwig Freikorps, 15 Jäger Corps von Reiche, 14 Kaiser Franz Grenadier Regiment, 2 Kurmark Landwehr, 37 Landwehr, Battle Honors, 58 Landwehr 1813-1815, 20 Landwehr Infantry, Uniforms, 54 Landwehr Schützen, 16 Leib Infantry Regiment, 2 Lützow, 12, 13, 14 Lützow Freikorps, 12 Mecklenburg-Strelitz Hussars, 17 Neumark Landwehr, 41 Neumark Landwehr Cavalry, 56 Normal Infantry Battalion, 2 Normal-Infanterie-3ataillon, 3 Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalry, 56 Pomeranian National Cavalry Regiment, 63 Pommeranian Landwehr, 21 Fosen Landwehr, 53 Rheinish Landwehr Cavalry, 57 Rhinish Landwehr, 52 Russo-German Legion, 9, 11 Saxcn and Other Landwehr, 53 Schill Freikorps, 12 Silesian Landwehr, 43 Silesian Landwehr Cavalry, 56 Silesian National Cavalry Regiment, 60 Thüringian Infantry Battalion, 16 Von Reuss 3attalion, 14 . Von Schill Hussar, 15 West Prussian Landwehr, 35 West Prussian Landwehr Cavalry, 56 Westphalian Landwehr, 50 Westphalian Landwehr Cavalry, 57
69